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Piper Sandler Companies

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FY2020 Annual Report · Piper Sandler Companies
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We are a leading investment bank
We enable growth and success for our clients through deep sector expertise, 
candid advice and a differentiated, highly productive culture.

OUR MISSION

We connect capital with opportunity to create value and build a better future.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

We create and implement superior financial solutions for our clients. 
Serving clients is our fundamental purpose.

We earn our clients' trust by delivering the best guidance and service. 
Great people working together as a team are our competitive advantage.

As we serve, we are committed to these core values:

• Always place our clients' interests first 

• Conduct ourselves with integrity and treat others with respect 

• Work in partnership with our clients and each other 

• Attract, retain and develop a diverse group of the best people 

in a high-quality, inclusive environment 

• Contribute our talents and resources to serve the communities 

in which we live and work 

Financial highlights

Piper Sandler generated record revenues of $1.23 billion and record adjusted 
earnings of $10.02 per share for 2020. In addition, we returned $3.10 per share, 
or 31% of adjusted net income, to shareholders through our 2020 dividends. Our 
results were driven by strong performances across all of our businesses, and 
reflect the benefits of our more scaled and diversified platform and our ability to 
successfully drive shareholder value through strategic investments.

SUMMARY OF ADJUSTED FINANCIAL RESULTS*
($ in thousands)

For the year ended December 31,
Adjusted net revenues
Advisory services
Corporate financing
Municipal financing
Equity brokerage
Fixed income
Investment income
Interest income, net of expense

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

$304,654 
72,099 
113,587 
87,944 
73,736 
20,933 
17,386 

$443,303 
100,455 
90,079 
79,788 
74,929 
18,067 
18,852 

$394,133 
123,072 
71,773 
77,110 
47,628 
7,418 
21,100 

$440,695 
105,256 
83,441 
87,555 
80,336 
11,506 
16,856 

$443,327 
295,333 
119,816 
161,445 
196,308 
10,384 
8,347 

Adjusted net revenues

$690,339 

$825,473 

$742,234 

$825,645  $1,234,960 

Adjusted operating income
Adjusted operating margin

$103,658 
15.0%

$149,877 
18.2%

$113,384 
15.3%

$138,235 
16.7%

$250,288 
20.3%

Adjusted net income

$62,748 

$102,140 

$87,412 

$106,197 

$177,555 

Adjusted Net Revenues*
($ in millions)

Adjusted Diluted EPS*

$1,235 

$10.02 

$825 

$742 

$826 

$690 

$7.36 

$6.68 

$5.72 

$4.05 

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

*Financial measures presented above and included in the following  letter to our fellow shareholders are on a non-GAAP, adjusted basis. The 
non-GAAP measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures. Please refer 
to the Appendix for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

To our fellow shareholders:

This past year has brought more change than we could have ever imagined. We experienced a global 
pandemic, a movement for racial justice, and a monumental election. Economic conditions and 
financial markets heavily influence our business and this year was a rollercoaster on both fronts. 
During 2020, equity markets hit all-time highs in mid-February, then plummeted 34% by late March, 
and then rebounded reaching all-time highs by year-end. The volatility and velocity of change in the 
markets was historic and unprecedented. Through all of this, and in part because of it, 2020 was a 
year of transformation and tremendous growth for us.

The scale and diversification of the platform 
we have built combined with the hard work of 
our employees and their dedication to serving 
our clients greatly benefited all stakeholders in 
2020. We recorded the firm’s highest net 
revenues, adjusted net income, and adjusted 
EPS on record. Our results include strong 
performances across all of our businesses and 
highlight our ability to drive shareholder value 
through focused investments and strong 
execution of our strategic objectives. 

For 2020, we generated adjusted net revenues 
of $1.23 billion, an increase of 50% over 2019. 
Adjusted net income of $178 million for 2020 
increased 67% over the prior year, and 
adjusted diluted earnings of $10.02 per share 
increased 36% compared to $7.36 in 2019. 

Serving our clients is our fundamental 
purpose, and we have built market-leading 
franchises with multi-decade trusted 
relationships by delivering our industry-best 
guidance and service. As we all adapted to the 
changing business environment, we remained 
in constant communication with our clients—
sharing best practices, discussing and 
executing their strategic initiatives and capital 
needs, and finding liquidity in rapidly changing 
markets.

2020 Adjusted Net Revenue Mix

$1.23

BILLION

Advisory Services

Corporate  Financing

Municipal  Financing

Equity Brokerage

Fixed Income

Other  income

During 2020, we raised record amounts of capital for both corporate and municipal clients, executed 
record equity volumes, and provided differentiated advice on repositioning balance sheets and 
portfolios. In addition to benefiting from favorable markets, we gained market share in all of our 
businesses—a true reflection of our reputation and the trust clients place in us. These achievements 
are the result of diligently executing our long-term strategic objectives of driving revenue growth, 
building a stronger and more durable platform, and maximizing shareholder value. 

PIPER SANDLER  |  1

In January 2020, we completed the acquisition of Sandler O’Neill to become Piper Sandler 
Companies. The combination positioned us as a top player within the financial  services industry and 
strengthened our market leadership. During 2020, Sandler outperformed our expectations, retained 
their leading market share, and registered one of their most successful years. The resiliency of their 
franchise during challenging markets has been particularly impressive. Their broad product offerings 
combined with deep client relationships and sector expertise continues to drive strong performance 
across market cycles. 

We acquired Weeden & Co. in 2019, making 2020 the first complete fiscal year with Weeden as the 
core of our equity trading platform. The acquisition positioned us as a top institutional equities 
platform, expanded our trading product offerings and account coverage, and increased our market 
share opportunity as clients continue to seek large and broad, high-quality providers. By combining 
top-ranked research, trading and capital markets capabilities, we have created a premier client 
destination. During 2020, we significantly grew revenues and gained market share. As we continue to 
demonstrate the full capabilities of our platform, we believe there is additional opportunity for market 
share gains.

These acquisitions, among others, collectively strengthened our platform by adding material scale and 
operating leverage, broadening our industry verticals, and expanding our product capabilities. 
Navigating this past year has reinforced the importance of each of these attributes. Just as our record 
performance, market leadership, and broad product offerings are helping us to build and deepen client 
relationships, they are making our platform a destination of choice for talent. 

We gained market share in all of our businesses during 2020—a reflection of our reputation 
and the trust clients place in us.

No. 1 

Advisor in U.S. M&A for 
Banks & Thrifts1

No. 2 

Advisor in U.S. M&A for deals 
< $500M2

Top 5 

Book run underwriter of 
IPOs & Follow-Ons for 
companies < $5B market 
cap in Healthcare3

58%

Market  share in book 
run debt issuance 
for Community & 
Regional Banks4

No. 2 

Senior underwriter of 
municipal negotiated 
U.S. transactions5

11.6B

Equity shares traded during 
2020, up 149% over 2019

2x+

Size of fixed income business 
in 2020 compared  to 2019

1) Ranking based  on number  of announced  U.S. bank and  thrift transactions during  2020. Source: S&P Global  Market Intelligence.

2) Ranking based  on number  of announced  U.S. transactions across all industries with a reported  deal value < $500 million  during  2020. Source: Mergermarket.

3) Ranking based  on number  of book  run IPOs and  Follow-Ons > $20 million  in value for healthcare companies with <  $5 billion of market cap during  2020. 

Source: Dealogic, Piper  Sandler Equity  Capital  Markets Desk. 

4) Market share based  on gross proceeds  raised during  2020 in $1000 par  subordinated  debt  and senior note offerings >  $5 million in size for Community Banks 

with assets < $40 billion. Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence,  Bloomberg,  Piper Sandler  Syndicate Desk.

5) Ranking based  on number  of municipal  sole/senior negotiated  and private placement  transactions completed  during  2020. Source: Refinitiv.

2 |  PIPER SANDLER

The scale and operating leverage in our platform combined with our capital-light approach allows us 
to generate significant levels of excess cash from operations. Based on this, and our track record of 
profitable growth, we continue to believe our shareholders will benefit the most over the long-term 
through deployment of capital towards growth initiatives. As such, we made a number of strategic 
investments during the year to move our business forward. 

We acquired The Valence Group in April 2020, adding a chemicals and materials M&A practice to our 
platform to expand our industry coverage with the benefit of strengthening our presence in Europe. In 
December 2020, we closed on the acquisition of TRS Advisors, an independent advisory firm focused 
on advising and executing restructurings, reorganizations and other complex financial transactions. 
This addition broadens our product capabilities, and we see synergistic opportunities with many of our 
industry verticals. 

Further strengthening our leadership in public finance, we hired a special district group in our public 
finance investment banking business. This longstanding, market-leading team serves special district 
and urban authority clients that fund public infrastructure for new development. 

In addition to deploying capital towards acquisitions that accelerate growth, we return capital to 
shareholders through our dividend policy. Total dividends related to fiscal year 2020 amounted to 
$3.10 per share, up 38% compared to the prior year, and equates to a payout ratio of 30.9% of 
adjusted net income. This represents a 4.3% dividend yield based on the average closing share price 
during 2020.

Our growth, business mix and disciplined use of capital has driven best-in-class returns. Individual 
years, especially in rapidly changing markets, only provide a limited picture, while a decade illustrates 
true evolution and sustainability. Since 2011, we have grown net revenues more than threefold, and 
adjusted diluted EPS at a 32% CAGR. We have and will continue to transform our business through 
strategic investments. 

Our commitment to continued growth and transformation also applies to our employees. Great people 
working together as a team are our competitive advantage. In March 2020, we rapidly transitioned 
over 90% of our employees to a remote working environment. Our corporate support groups worked 
diligently behind the scenes, providing best in class support to ensure the continued service to our 
clients. We take pride in the incredible partnership our employees displayed in the face of adversity—
showing up each day with a positive attitude focused on helping each other, serving our clients, and 
improving our communities. 

The events that led to George Floyd’s death in Minneapolis, our headquarters, were painful and 
traumatic for our community and the entire country, especially our communities of color. We recognize 
the magnitude of work required in remedying the inequalities and injustices that exist in our 
communities, and we believe that each of us has a role to play. Together, with determined and 
collaborative efforts, we can make progress towards achieving greater justice and equality, in part by 
creating a more diverse and inclusive workforce. We are committed, as a firm, to continue working 
together to create the change our employees, clients, and communities deserve. 

PIPER SANDLER  |  3

INVESTMENT BANKING

Investment banking, which consists of advisory services and corporate financing, delivered record 
revenues of $739 million in 2020, up 35% compared to the prior year. Revenues for the year included 
significant contributions from our market-leading franchises in healthcare and financial services. 

In addition, our performance highlights the breadth of our product expertise. Corporate equity and 
debt financing activity, combined with capital advisory deals, generated 56% of total investment 
banking revenues, compared to M&A activity which generated 44%. Our comprehensive suite of 
products and services, combined with our deep and broad sector expertise, allows us to serve clients 
across all market cycles.

Growing and broadening our investment banking platform continues to be a focus. Since 2011, we 
have grown revenues nearly fivefold demonstrating our long-term success in strategically investing in 
our business. With 138 investment banking managing directors and several market-leading franchises, 
our platform represents one of the deepest and broadest amongst our peers. In addition to driving 
revenue growth through accretive combinations, selective hiring, and internal development, our 
success is also attributable to winning larger assignments and gaining market share. 

Investment Banking Revenues
($ in millions)

Corporate  Financing

Advisory Services

$308

$110

$325

$114

$198

$210

$377

$72

$305

$151

$63

$88

$161

$70

$91

$178

$94

$83

$739

$295

$544

$100

$517

$123

$546

$105

$443

$394

$441

$443

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

When we announced the acquisition of Sandler in July 2019, we set a target of $750 million of annual 
investment banking revenues, and in 2020, we nearly reached that target despite a challenging M&A 
market. We see opportunities to continue our growth trajectory by broadening our industry teams 
through strategic hires or tuck-in acquisitions, and by capitalizing on the strength of our U.S. franchise 
to expand into Europe. We now believe that we are on a clear path to grow annual investment banking 
revenues to $1 billion over the next several years. 

4 |  PIPER SANDLER

Advisory Services

Advisory services generated revenues of $443 million for 2020, flat compared to the prior year, despite 
M&A activity slowing during the second and third quarters of the year as uncertainty from the Covid-
19 pandemic delayed engagements market-wide. Our performance during 2020 benefited from the 
addition of Sandler and the breadth and scale of our industry teams. 

We advised on 158 completed M&A transactions during 2020, up from 140 during the prior year, and 
completed 114 capital advisory transactions, namely debt and equity private placements, compared to 
38 during 2019. In addition, we ranked No. 2 in the market based on the number of U.S. M&A deals 
announced during 2020 with a reported value of less than $500 million, and ranked No. 1 in bank and 
thrift M&A based on the number of announced transactions during 2020. 

Although market conditions were challenging for most of the year, our fourth quarter 2020 results were 
particularly encouraging as revenues rebounded 119% from the trough we experienced during the 
third quarter of 2020. We generated record quarterly revenues of $169 million driven by strong 
contributions from all of our industry teams. We expect this momentum will continue through 2021 as 
market conditions continue to improve and our pipelines are strong. 

We continue to focus on enhancing our value proposition to clients by providing more products and 
deep sector expertise. Our recent acquisition of TRS Advisors broadens our product capabilities, and 
our acquisition of Valence expands our industry coverage, with the benefit of strengthening our 
presence in Europe. In the near-term, we remain focused on executing on our pipeline, developing our 
current talent, increasing productivity, and growing the business through strategic investments. 

Corporate Financing

Corporate financing generated a record $295 million of revenues for 2020, up 181% compared to the 
prior year. Market conditions became favorable for capital raising starting in the second quarter of 
2020, driven by a sharp rebound in valuations combined with lower volatility for certain equities and 
low interest rates in debt markets, and these dynamics continued during the remainder of the year. In 
addition to conducive markets, our performance was driven by market share gains and the addition of 
Sandler.

Activity for us was concentrated in equity capital raisings. We completed 137 equity offerings and 
served as book runner on 99 transactions. Our healthcare team had a standout year—delivering record 
revenues, running the books on 90 of their 96 completed equity deals, and raising over $20 billion for 
healthcare companies. The reputation and strength of this team positioned us nicely for the influx of 
healthcare companies raising equity capital. For 2020, we ranked in the top 5 of investment banks 
based on the number of book run IPOs and follow-ons for healthcare companies with less than $5 
billion of market cap. 

The addition of Sandler to our platform expanded our product capabilities into corporate debt and 
preferred offerings. The team offers a comprehensive and differentiated value proposition for bank 
clients, specifically community and regional banks. This, combined with our dominant market share 
and conducive markets led to a very active year. We completed 58 debt and preferred stock offerings 
during 2020 as banks and other financial services companies raised capital at historically low rates.

PIPER SANDLER  |  5

INSTITUTIONAL BROKERAGE

Institutional brokerage delivered a record year as we helped clients navigate the increased volatility 
and advised clients on investing in the low rate environment. We generated revenues of $358 million 
for 2020, up 113% over the prior year. The significant scale we have added through our acquisitions of 
Sandler and Weeden drove efficiencies in our cost structure and capital usage leading to a meaningful 
expansion in operating margin and returns in the business. 

Compared to 2011, the business has more than doubled and is providing significant diversity to our 
earnings stream. Our brokerage businesses generated 29% of 2020 total adjusted net revenues and 
this contribution was balanced between fixed income and equities. Essential to the investment 
banking businesses, our team of over 170 sales professionals in both equities and fixed income were 
instrumental in distributing 1,250 new issue deals during 2020 and raising over $50 billion of capital for 
corporate and municipal clients. With scale, deep expertise, broad product capabilities and access to 
significant new issue product we offer a differentiated value proposition to our clients.

Institutional Brokerage Revenues
($ in millions)

Fixed Income

Equity Brokerage

$135

$51

$85

$167

$92

$74

$147

$58

$89

$157

$155

$162

$155

$75

$82

$76

$79

$74

$88

$75

$80

$125

$48

$77

$168

$80

$88

$358

$196

$161

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Equity Brokerage

Equity brokerage generated record revenues of $161 million for 2020, an increase of 84% over the 
prior year. The combination with Weeden added a comprehensive suite of products and broad client 
base to our platform, while the addition of Sandler meaningfully expanded our financial services 
industry coverage. Our ability to leverage this expanded client base, execution expertise and product 
capabilities to find liquidity for clients drove our strong performance during the year.

We traded 11.6 billion shares during 2020, an increase of 149% over 2019. The breadth of our client 
base allows us to cross a significant portion of executed cash trades resulting in no market impact for 
our clients, which is a valuable differentiator for us. In addition, our client retention has been 
exceptionally high and we believe we are in the early stages of demonstrating the full capabilities of 
our platform. With best-in-class research, trading, and capital markets capabilities, we are well 
positioned to continue deepening client relationships and increasing our market share. 

6 |  PIPER SANDLER

Fixed Income

Fixed income generated record revenues of $196 million for 2020, up 144% compared to 2019. The 
addition of Sandler to our platform, combined with strong execution, deep relationships, robust client 
activity, and heightened volatility in the market drove the record year. We achieved these results on a 
lower risk profile as we reduced trading inventory, and leverage on our cost base, driving a meaningful 
increase in the returns in this business. 

We look to retain this tremendous momentum by providing differentiated advice and analytics tailored 
to defined client verticals, and serving our clients with product expertise reaching far beyond 
traditional bonds including derivatives, loan strategies and securitizations. We believe we are in the 
early stages of realizing the synergies from our combination with Sandler and see opportunities to 
increase productivity by capitalizing on our expanded client base and successfully cross selling the 
unique product and strategic capabilities of the firm.

PUBLIC FINANCE

Our public finance franchise, anchored by municipal financing activity, generated record revenues of 
$120 million for 2020, up 44% from 2019. Low interest rates and strong investor demand drove record 
market issuance of $475 billion, an increase of 5% over the prior peak in 2017. 

Against this backdrop, we completed 847 municipal negotiated issuances during 2020 and ranked as 
the No. 2 issuer nationally based on number of completed deals. In total, we raised $19.1 billion of par 
value for our clients during 2020, up 55% over 2019 and compares to a 17% increase in the market 
illustrating our market share gains. Our performance was driven by a combination of strong 
governmental issuance, especially in school districts where we have market leadership, and the 
investments we made last year to strengthen our presence in Nebraska, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. 

Since 2011, we have doubled revenues and more than doubled market share. Our longstanding 
commitment and public finance expertise makes us a natural destination for talent looking to best 
serve their clients. We remain focused on advancing our leadership position in every geographic and 
specialty market where we compete through internal development, selective hiring, and corporate 
development opportunities. 

Municipal Financing Revenues
($ in millions)

$72

$71

$62

$52

$114

$89

$90

$120

$83

$72

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

PIPER SANDLER  |  7

LOOKING AHEAD

We began 2020 with a focus on executing on our acquisition of Sandler and fully realizing the revenue 
synergies resulting from the addition of Weeden. We made great strides—delivering on these 
investments and paving the way for future growth.  

We continue to build enduring, market-leading franchises and add material scale and operating 
leverage to our business. We believe that our market leadership, sector expertise and broad product 
capabilities are unparalleled in the market, and we are focused on maintaining and extending our 
position. 

Our business is exceptionally well positioned for future growth, and we are confident in our ability to 
continue delivering on our long-term strategic objectives of driving revenue growth, building a stronger 
and more durable platform, and maximizing shareholder value. 

In order to meet these objectives, we continue to focus on: 

• Executing on the scaled platform we have built by collaborating across business lines to fully realize 

the revenue synergies resulting from our recent investments;

• Transforming our business through strategic investments and selectively adding partners who share 

our client-centric culture and who can leverage our platform to better serve clients;

• Growing our investment banking platform through accretive combinations, developing internal 

talent, and continued sector and geographic expansion;

• Leveraging the scale within our equity brokerage and fixed income platforms, driven by our recently 

expanded client base and product offerings, to grow market share; and

• Prudently managing capital to reduce risk and maintain our strong balance sheet with ample 

liquidity and flexibility through all market conditions.

Our success is and continues to be driven by the hard work of our employees. We thank our 
employees for their ongoing dedication to serving our clients, and we congratulate them on another 
great year. 

On behalf of our fellow partners across Piper Sandler, we would like to thank you, our shareholders, 
for your trust. We look forward to continuing to serve the best interests of our clients, employees, 
shareholders, and the communities where we live and work.

Chad R. Abraham
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Debbra L. Schoneman
President

8 |  PIPER SANDLER

OUR CULTURE

Our 125-year legacy has perpetuated because of the partnerships we 
forge—among our clients, our employees, our shareholders, and the 
communities where we live and work. 

Through a distinct combination of candid counsel, focused expertise and 
empowered employees, we enable clients to achieve their short-term 
goals while realizing their long-term vision.

We accomplish this through our: 
• Reputation for client-first approach and straightforward advice
• Deep expertise and market leadership in focus industry sectors 
• Strategic advisory relationships and expert execution
• A track record of delivering results for more than a century

DIVERSITY & INCLUSION

We believe diverse teams with unique backgrounds, skills, and 
experiences yield more innovative solutions. 

Our Mission 

To recruit, develop, retain and engage a diverse, high-performing team.

Our Pledge 

Our business demands bright, committed people working in partnership within an environment that 
prevents no person from doing their best work. We commit to encouraging and valuing inclusivity 
because every partner brings unique perspectives that help us better serve our clients. By fulfilling  this 
promise, we believe we will exceed the expectations of our employees, clients, and shareholders.

Diversity & Inclusion Council

The Diversity & Inclusion Council serves as a means for employees to connect with one another to 
promote a greater awareness and understanding of inclusion and diversity across the firm, and works 
to advance the firm’s Diversity & Inclusion Mission.

Employee Resource Networks

The firm has cultivated five employee resource networks that work in partnership with the Diversity & 
Inclusion Council: Multicultural Network, Pride Network, Veterans Network, Women’s Network, and 
Young Professionals Network. 

Recruiting Diverse Talent

We maintain two programs focused on recruiting diverse talent. The Career Exploration Program is our 
hallmark diversity recruiting program and serves as a pipeline for our summer internship opportunities. 
The program is designed to attract high-achieving, diverse candidates, which includes female, Black, 
Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Asian, veteran, and LGBTQ students. The Piper Sandler MBA 
Fellowship Program is a competitive scholarship program that provides outstanding women, Black, 
Hispanic/Latino, and Native American MBA students with a financial award for exceptional academic 
achievement and an Associate-level internship between the first and second year of business school.

PIPER SANDLER  |  9

COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP

Community giving has always been integral to the values and guiding principles of Piper Sandler. We 
offer both employee and corporate giving programs and funding to nonprofit organizations to make a 
positive impact on the communities where and we live and work. 

Employee Giving and Corporate Matching

One of our core guiding principles is to contribute our talents and resources to serve the communities 
in which we live and work. We encourage and support our employees’ individual philanthropic 
interests through the Matching Gifts Program and our Annual Charitable Giving Campaign. We also 
provide Disaster Relief through funds set up to assist employees, clients or partners who live or work 
in an area directly affected by a disaster. Disaster Relief funds benefit specific, predetermined 
nonprofits, and all employee contributions are matched by Piper Sandler. 

1,531

$1.5M

$3.4M

Charities donated to by 
employees in 2020

Raised through employee 
donations in 2020

Total employee giving and 
corporate matching for 2020

Employee Volunteer Programs

We support the organizations in which our employees donate their time and resources through grant 
opportunities. The Community Leader Grant encourages and supports sustained volunteerism for 
employees who contribute more than 40 hours annually to a qualifying nonprofit and serve as a 
member of its board of directors. The Volunteer Program Grant provides direct gifts to qualifying 
nonprofit organizations where an employee volunteers 40 hours or more in a year.

In addition, each year Piper Sandler recognizes two outstanding employees for their dedication to 
strengthening the communities where we live and work. The Bobby and Tad Piper Community Service 
Award recognizes an employee who has acted in service to his or her community through 
volunteerism and commitment. The David Crosby Community Leadership Award honors an employee 
for outstanding leadership and board service with charitable organizations. 

Corporate Giving & Community Support

Piper Sandler provides corporate funding to nonprofits that are aligned with our two focus areas: 

•

Increasing education opportunities for black, indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) communities 
creating development and employment opportunities these students might not otherwise have; and,

• Stabilizing the circumstances for disadvantaged youth by helping students and their families meet 

basic needs.

Piper Sandler contributes a consistent percentage of its pre-tax earnings to the community as part of 
the Minnesota Keystone Program, a voluntary initiative promoting corporate support for communities. 
We have been a member of this program for more than 40 years. 

10 |  PIPER SANDLER

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Chad R. Abraham
Chairman  and Chief  Executive Officer
Piper  Sandler  Companies

Philip E. Soran (Lead Independent Director)
Former  President
Dell Compellent Inc.

Jonathan J. Doyle
Vice Chairman  and Head  of Financial  Services
Piper  Sandler  Companies

William R. Fitzgerald
Former  Chairman  and Chief Executive  Officer
Ascent  Capital Group,  Inc.

Victoria M. Holt
Former  President  and Chief Executive  Officer
Protolabs

Addison (Tad) L. Piper
Former  Chairman  and Chief Executive  Officer
Piper  Jaffray Companies  Inc.

LEADERSHIP TEAM

Chad R. Abraham
Chairman  and Chief  Executive Officer

Debbra L. Schoneman
President

James P. Baker
Global Co-Head  of  Investment  Banking  and 
Capital  Markets

John A. Beckelman
Head of  Fixed Income

Timothy L. Carter
Chief  Financial  Officer

Michael R. Dillahunt
Global Co-Head  of  Investment  Banking  and 
Capital  Markets

Jonathan J. Doyle
Vice Chairman  and Head  of Financial  Services

Debbra L. Schoneman
President
Piper  Sandler  Companies

Thomas S. Schreier Jr.
Former  Vice  Chairman 
Nuveen  Investments, Inc.
Former  Chairman 
Nuveen  Asset Management

Sherry M. Smith
Former  Executive  Vice President  and 
Chief  Financial  Officer
SUPERVALU  Inc.

Brian R. Sterling
Former  Managing  Director 
Piper  Sandler  Companies

Scott C. Taylor
Former  Executive  Vice President, 
General  Counsel,  and Secretary
Symantec  Corp.

Christine N. Esckilsen
Chief  Human  Capital  Officer

Frank E. Fairman
Head of  Public Finance  Services

John W. Geelan
General  Counsel  and Secretary

J.P. Peltier
Global Co-Head  of  Healthcare  Investment 
Banking 

Shawn C. Quant
Chief  Information  and Operations  Officer

Thomas P. Schnettler
Vice Chairman

PIPER SANDLER  |  11

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K 
☑  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2020 
Commission File No. 001-31720 

PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES 

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

30-0168701
(IRS Employer Identification No.)

800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 900
Minneapolis, Minnesota
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

55402
(Zip Code)

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(612) 303-6000

Title of Each Class
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading Symbol
PIPR

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 

Yes  ☑ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    

Yes  ☐ No  ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), 
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑	No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the 
registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑	No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting  company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  "large  accelerated  filer,"  "accelerated  filer,"  "smaller 
reporting company, " and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer

☑
☐

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

☐
☐
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 

complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management's  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public 
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  

Yes  ☐   No  ☑

The aggregate market value of the 17,366,955 shares of the Registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, held by non-
affiliates based upon the last sale price, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, of the Common Stock on June 30, 2020 was 
approximately $1.0 billion.

As of February 19, 2021, the registrant had 18,262,868 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference information (to the extent specific sections are referred to 

herein) from the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 21, 2021.

 
 
 
 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS..........................................................................................................................

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.................................................................................................................

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS..............................................................................

ITEM 2.

ITEM 3.

ITEM 4.

ITEM 5.

ITEM 6.
ITEM 7.

PROPERTIES......................................................................................................................

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS...................................................................................................

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.......................................................................................

PART II

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER 
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES..........................

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA......................................................................................
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION 
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS................................................................................

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK...

ITEM 8.
ITEM 9.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA....................................
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON 
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.......................................................

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES...................................................................................

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION...................................................................................................

PART III

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE............

ITEM 11.
ITEM 12.

ITEM 13.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION......................................................................................
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND 
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS................................
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE.............................................................................................................

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES....................................................

ITEM 15.
ITEM 16.

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES..........................................
FORM 10-K SUMMARY...................................................................................................

SIGNATURES....................................................................................................................

PART IV

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

PART I

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (this "Form 10-K") contains forward-looking 
statements.  Statements  that  are  not  historical  or  current  facts,  including  statements  about  beliefs  and  expectations,  are 
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements other than historical 
information or statements of current conditions and may relate to our future plans and objectives and results, and also may 
include our belief regarding the effect of various legal proceedings, as set forth under "Legal Proceedings" in Part I, Item 3 of 
this Form 10-K and in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Forward-looking 
statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from 
those anticipated, including those factors discussed below under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K, as well 
as  those  factors  discussed  under  "External  Factors  Impacting  Our  Business"  included  in  "Management's  Discussion  and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K and in our subsequent reports 
filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to 
update them in light of new information or future events.

ITEM 1.     BUSINESS.

Overview

Piper Sandler Companies ("Piper Sandler") is an investment bank and institutional securities firm, serving the needs of 
corporations,  private  equity  groups,  public  entities,  non-profit  entities  and  institutional  investors  in  the  U.S.  and 
internationally. Founded in 1895, Piper Sandler provides a broad set of products and services, including financial advisory 
services; equity and debt capital markets products; public finance services; equity research and institutional brokerage; fixed 
income services; and private equity strategies. Our headquarters are located in Minneapolis, Minnesota and we have offices 
across the United States and international locations in London, Aberdeen and Hong Kong. 

Our Business

We operate in one reportable segment providing investment banking and institutional sales, trading and research services 

for various equity and fixed income products.

•

•

•

Investment Banking – For our corporate clients, we provide advisory services, which includes mergers and acquisitions; 
equity and debt private placements; and debt and restructuring advisory. We also help raise capital through equity and 
debt  financings.  We  operate  in  the  following  focus  sectors:  healthcare;  financial  services;  consumer;  energy  and 
renewables; diversified industrials and services; technology; and chemicals and materials, primarily focusing on middle-
market  clients.  For  our  government  and  non-profit  clients,  we  underwrite  municipal  issuances,  provide  municipal 
financial  advisory  and  loan  placement  services,  and  offer  various  over-the-counter  derivative  products.  Our  public 
finance  investment  banking  capabilities  focus  on  state  and  local  governments,  cultural  and  social  service  non-profit 
entities,  special  districts,  project  financings,  and  the  education,  healthcare,  hospitality,  senior  living  and  transportation 
sectors.

Equity and Fixed Income Institutional Brokerage – We offer both equity and fixed income advisory and trade execution 
services for institutional investors and government and non-profit entities. Integral to our capital markets efforts, we have 
equity  sales  and  trading  relationships  with  institutional  investors  in  North  America  and  Europe  that  invest  in  our  core 
sectors.  Our  research  analysts  provide  investment  ideas  and  support  to  our  trading  clients  on  approximately  900 
companies.  Fixed  income  services  provides  advice  on  balance  sheet  management,  investment  strategy  and  customized 
portfolio solutions. Our fixed income sales and trading professionals have expertise in municipal, corporate, mortgage, 
agency, treasury and structured product securities and cover a range of institutional investors. We principally engage in 
trading activities to facilitate customer needs. 

Alternative Asset Management Funds – We have created alternative asset management funds in merchant banking and 
energy in order to invest firm capital and to manage capital from outside investors. 

3

Discontinued Operations

In  the  third  quarter  of  2019,  we  sold  our  traditional  asset  management  subsidiary,  Advisory  Research,  Inc.  ("ARI"). 
ARI's results have been presented herein as discontinued operations for all prior periods presented. For further information on 
our discontinued operations, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Financial Information about Geographic Areas

As of December 31, 2020, the substantial majority of our net revenues and long-lived assets were located in the U.S.

Competition

Our  business  is  subject  to  intense  competition  driven  by  large  Wall  Street  and  international  firms,  regional  broker 
dealers, boutique and niche-specialty firms and alternative trading systems that effect securities transactions through various 
electronic  venues.  Competition  is  based  on  a  variety  of  factors,  including  price,  quality  of  advice  and  service,  reputation, 
product selection, transaction execution, financial resources and investment performance. Many of our large competitors have 
greater financial resources than we have and may have more flexibility to offer a broader set of products and services than we 
can.

In  addition,  there  is  significant  competition  within  the  securities  industry  for  obtaining  and  retaining  the  services  of 
qualified employees. Our business is a human capital business, and attracting and retaining employees depends, among other 
things, on our company's culture, management, work environment, geographic locations and compensation.

Human Capital

Piper Sandler connects capital with opportunity to create value and build a better future, and our employees have been 
critical to achieving this mission throughout our 125-year operating history. We believe that great people working together as 
a team are our competitive advantage, and it is crucial that we continue to attract and retain talented employees. As part of 
these efforts, we strive to offer a competitive compensation and benefits program and training and development opportunities, 
foster  a  community  where  everyone  feels  included  and  empowered  to  do  to  their  best  work,  and  give  employees  the 
opportunity to give back to their communities.

As of December 31, 2020, we had 1,511 full-time employees, of which 1,451 were employed in the United States and 60 
in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Approximately 1,130 of our employees were registered with the Financial Industry 
Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA") as of December 31, 2020. One key metric we use to benchmark our firm to industry 
peer  companies  is  the  number  of  investment  banking  managing  directors.  At  December  31,  2020,  we  had  138  corporate 
investment banking managing directors. 

Compensation and Benefits Program – Our compensation program is designed to attract, reward and retain employees 
who possess the skills necessary to support our business objectives and assist in the achievement of our strategic goals. We 
provide  employees  with  competitive  compensation  packages  that  include  base  salary,  annual  incentive  bonuses,  length  of 
service awards, and equity awards. For further information on the restricted shares we grant to employees as part of year-end 
compensation, see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. In addition to cash 
and equity compensation, we also offer benefits such as life and health (medical, dental and vision) insurance, paid time off, 
paid  parental  leave,  health  and  wellness  programs  and  a  401(k)  plan.  We  believe  our  programs  align  both  individual 
employees and long-term company performance with stockholder interests.  

Training and Development – A core tenet of our talent system is to develop talent from within and to supplement with 
external  candidates.  We  provide  opportunities  for  employees  to  grow  and  build  their  careers  through  various  training  and 
development programs. We also have a talent and succession planning process, which is reviewed annually with our board of 
directors.  

4

Diversity and Inclusion ("D&I") – At Piper Sandler, we believe that diverse teams with unique backgrounds, skills and 
experiences yield more innovative solutions. This is reflected in our commitment to attract, retain and develop a diverse and 
talented  workforce  in  a  high-quality,  inclusive  environment.  We  are  focused  on  building  an  inclusive  culture  through  a 
variety of initiatives supported by our D&I committee, including our hiring practices. Our employee networks also serve as a 
source  of  inclusion  to  support  the  acquisition  of  diverse  talent  both  internally  and  externally.  Each  employee  network  is 
sponsored and supported by senior leaders across the firm.

Community Leadership – We are committed to contributing our talents and resources to serve the communities in which 
we live and work through the Piper Sandler Foundation, various charitable campaigns, employee programs and volunteerism. 
We believe that this commitment assists in our efforts to attract and retain employees. 

Regulation

As a participant in the financial services industry, our business is regulated by U.S. federal and state regulatory agencies, 
self-regulatory organizations ("SROs") and securities exchanges, and by foreign governmental agencies, financial regulatory 
bodies  and  securities  exchanges.  We  are  subject  to  complex  and  extensive  regulation  of  most  aspects  of  our  business, 
including  the  manner  in  which  securities  transactions  are  effected,  net  capital  requirements,  recordkeeping  and  reporting 
procedures, relationships and conflicts with customers, the handling of cash and margin accounts, conduct, experience and 
training requirements for certain employees, and the manner in which we prevent and detect money-laundering and bribery 
activities. The regulatory framework of the financial services industry is designed primarily to safeguard the integrity of the 
capital markets and to protect customers, not creditors or shareholders. 

The  laws,  rules  and  regulations  comprising  this  regulatory  framework  can  (and  do)  change  frequently,  as  can  the 
interpretation  and  enforcement  of  existing  laws,  rules  and  regulations.  Conditions  in  the  global  financial  markets  and 
economy, including the 2008 financial crisis, caused legislators and regulators to increase the examination, enforcement and 
rule-making  activity  directed  toward  the  financial  services  industry.  The  intensity  of  the  regulatory  environment  may 
correlate with the level and nature of our legal proceedings for a given period, and increased intensity could have an adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our U.S. broker dealer subsidiary (Piper Sandler & Co.) is registered as a securities broker dealer with the SEC and is a 
member  of  various  SROs  and  securities  exchanges.  In  July  2007,  the  National  Association  of  Securities  Dealers  and  the 
member regulation, enforcement and arbitration functions of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") consolidated to form 
FINRA, which now serves as the primary SRO of Piper Sandler & Co., although the NYSE continues to have oversight over 
NYSE-related  market  activities.  FINRA  regulates  many  aspects  of  our  U.S.  broker  dealer  business,  including  registration, 
education and conduct of our broker dealer employees, examinations, rulemaking, enforcement of these rules and the federal 
securities laws, trade reporting and the administration of dispute resolution between investors and registered firms. We have 
agreed to abide by the rules of FINRA (as well as those of the NYSE and other SROs), and FINRA has the power to expel, 
fine and otherwise discipline Piper Sandler & Co. and its officers, directors and employees. Among the rules that apply to 
Piper Sandler & Co. are the uniform net capital rule of the SEC (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of FINRA. Both rules 
set a minimum level of net capital a broker dealer must maintain and also require that a portion of the broker dealer's assets 
be relatively liquid. Under the applicable FINRA rule, FINRA may prohibit a member firm from expanding its business or 
paying cash dividends if resulting net capital falls below FINRA requirements. In addition, Piper Sandler & Co. is subject to 
certain notification requirements related to withdrawals of excess net capital. As a result of these rules, our ability to make 
withdrawals  of  capital  from  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  may  be  limited.  In  addition,  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  is  licensed  as  a  broker 
dealer in each of the 50 states, requiring us to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations of each state. Any state may 
revoke a license to conduct a securities business and fine or otherwise discipline broker dealers and their officers, directors 
and employees. 

We  also  operate  one  entity  that  is  authorized,  licensed  and  regulated  by  the  U.K.  Financial  Conduct  Authority  and 
registered under the laws of England and Wales, as well as an entity that is authorized, licensed and regulated by the Hong 
Kong  Securities  and  Futures  Commission  and  registered  under  the  laws  of  Hong  Kong.  The  U.K.  Financial  Conduct 
Authority and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission regulate these entities (in their respective jurisdictions) in 
areas of capital adequacy, customer protection and business conduct, among others. We also have a subsidiary organized in 
Guernsey and regulated by the Guernsey Financial Services Commission ("GFSC").

5

Entities in the jurisdictions identified above are also subject to anti-money laundering regulations. Piper Sandler & Co. is 
subject  to  the  USA  PATRIOT  Act  of  2001,  which  contains  anti-money  laundering  and  financial  transparency  laws  and 
mandates the implementation of various regulations requiring us to implement standards for verifying client identification at 
the  time  the  client  relationship  is  initiated,  monitoring  client  transactions  and  reporting  suspicious  activity.  Our  entities  in 
Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and Guernsey are subject to similar anti-money laundering laws and regulations. We are 
also  subject  to  the  U.S.  Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  as  well  as  other  anti-bribery  laws  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  we 
operate. These laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from engaging in bribery or making other improper 
payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or gaining an unfair business advantage. 

We maintain subsidiaries that are registered as investment advisors with the SEC and subject to regulation and oversight 
by the SEC. Piper Jaffray Investment Management LLC ("PJIM"), PSC Capital Partners LLC, Piper Sandler Advisors LLC, 
Piper Heartland Healthcare Capital LLC and Piper Sandler Finance Management LLC are asset management subsidiaries and 
registered  investment  advisors.  As  registered  investment  advisors,  these  entities  are  subject  to  requirements  that  relate  to, 
among  other  things,  fiduciary  duties  to  clients,  maintaining  an  effective  compliance  program,  solicitation  agreements, 
conflicts  of  interest,  recordkeeping  and  reporting  requirements,  disclosure  requirements,  limitations  on  agency  cross  and 
principal transactions between advisor and advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions. Piper Sandler & Co. is 
also  a  registered  investment  advisor  and  subject  to  these  requirements.  Parallel  General  Partners  Limited  is  the  general 
partner  of  several  private  equity  limited  partnerships;  it  and  the  limited  partnerships  are  registered  and  regulated  by  the 
GFSC.

Certain of our businesses also are subject to compliance with laws and regulations of U.S. federal and state governments, 
non-U.S.  governments,  their  respective  agencies  and/or  various  SROs  or  exchanges  governing  the  privacy  of  client 
information.  Any  failure  with  respect  to  our  practices,  procedures  and  controls  in  any  of  these  areas  could  subject  us  to 
regulatory consequences, including fines, and potentially other significant liabilities.  

6

Information About our Executive Officers 

Information regarding our executive officers and their ages as of February 19, 2021, are as follows:

Name
Chad R. Abraham
Debbra L. Schoneman
Timothy L. Carter
James P. Baker
Jonathan J. Doyle
John W. Geelan
R. Scott LaRue

Age
52
52
53
53
55
45
60

Position(s)
Chief Executive Officer
President
Chief Financial Officer
Global Co-Head of Investment Banking and Capital Markets
Vice Chairman and Head of Financial Services Group
General Counsel and Secretary
Global Co-Head of Investment Banking and Capital Markets

Chad  R.  Abraham  is  our  chief  executive  officer,  a  position  he  has  held  since  January  2018.  He  previously  served  as 
global co-head of investment banking and capital markets from October 2010 to December 2017. Prior to that, he served as 
head of equity capital markets since November 2005. Mr. Abraham joined Piper Sandler in 1991.

Debbra  L.  Schoneman  is  our  president,  a  position  she  has  held  since  January  2018.  She  previously  served  as  chief 
financial officer from May 2008 to December 2017, and global head of equities from June 2017 to December 2017. Prior to 
that,  she  served  as  treasurer  from  August  2006  until  May  2008;  and  as  finance  director  of  our  corporate  and  institutional 
services business from July 2002 until July 2004 when the role was expanded to include our public finance services division. 
Ms. Schoneman joined Piper Sandler in 1990.

Timothy  L.  Carter  is  our  chief  financial  officer,  a  position  he  has  held  since  January  2018.  He  previously  served  as 
senior vice president of finance from May 2017 to December 2017. Prior to that, he served as treasurer from May 2008 to 
May  2017,  chief  accounting  officer  from  2006  to  May  2008,  and  controller  from  1999  to  2006.  Mr.  Carter  joined  Piper 
Sandler in 1995.

James P. Baker is our global co-head of investment banking and capital markets, a position he has held since January 
2019. Prior to that, he served as our co-head of energy investment banking from February 2016 to December 2018. Mr. Baker 
joined Piper Sandler in February 2016 in connection with our acquisition of Simmons & Company International, where Mr. 
Baker was a managing director and leader of its midstream/downstream investment banking group. 

Jonathan J. Doyle is our vice chairman, senior managing principal and head of the financial services group, a position 
he has held since January 2020. Mr. Doyle joined Piper Sandler in connection with our acquisition of Sandler O'Neill, where 
Mr. Doyle served as a senior managing principal.

John W. Geelan is our general counsel and secretary. He served as assistant general counsel and assistant secretary from 

November 2007 until becoming general counsel in January 2013. Mr. Geelan joined Piper Sandler in 2005.

R. Scott LaRue is our global co-head of investment banking and capital markets, a position he has held since October 
2010. Prior to that, he served as global co-head of consumer investment banking from February 2010 to September 2010 and 
co-head of consumer investment banking from August 2004 to January 2010. Mr. LaRue joined Piper Sandler in 2003.

7

Additional Information

Our  principal  executive  offices  are  located  at  800  Nicollet  Mall,  Suite  900,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  55402,  and  our 
general  telephone  number  is  (612)  303-6000.  We  maintain  an  Internet  Web  site  at  http://www.pipersandler.com.  The 
information contained on and connected to our Web site is not incorporated into this Form 10-K. We make available free of 
charge on or through our Web site our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 
8-K,  amendments  to  those  reports  filed  or  furnished  pursuant  to  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of 
1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and all other reports we file with the SEC, as soon as reasonably practicable after we 
electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Such reports are also available on the SEC's Web site at 
http://www.sec.gov. "Piper Sandler," the "Company," "registrant," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Piper Sandler Companies and 
our subsidiaries. The Piper Sandler logo and the other trademarks, tradenames and service marks of Piper Sandler mentioned 
in this report or elsewhere, including, but not limited to, PIPER SANDLERSM, PIPER JAFFRAY®, REALIZE THE POWER 
OF PARTNERSHIP®, SANDLER O'NEILL®, SANDLER O'NEILL & PARTNERS®, SANDLER O'NEILL MORTGAGE 
FINANCE®,  TRSSM,  TRS  ADVISORSSM,  SIMMONS  ENERGY  |  A  DIVISION  OF  PIPER  SANDLERSM,  SIMMONS 
JAFFRAY®,  SIMMONS  ENERGYSM,  SIMMONS  &  COMPANY 
ENERGY 
INTERNATIONAL®,  SIMMONSCO-INTL®,  PIPER  SANDLER  FINANCESM,  PIPER  JAFFRAY  FINANCESM,  PJIM®, 
PIPER  SANDLER  BIOINSIGHTSSM,  PIPER  JAFFRAY  BIOINSIGHTSSM,  BIOINSIGHTSSM,  TAKING  STOCK  WITH 
TEENS®, HEALTHY ACTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIVING® and GUIDES FOR THE JOURNEY® are the property of 
Piper Sandler.

|  A  DIVISION  OF  PIPER 

8

ITEM 1A.     RISK FACTORS.

In  the  normal  course  of  our  business  activities,  we  are  exposed  to  a  variety  of  risks.  The  principal  risks  we  face  in 
operating our business include: strategic risks, market risks, human capital risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, operational risks, 
and  legal  and  regulatory  risks.  A  full  description  of  each  of  these  principal  areas  of  risk,  as  well  as  the  primary  risk 
management  processes  that  we  use  to  mitigate  our  risk  exposure  in  each,  is  discussed  below  under  the  caption  "Risk 
Management" included in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part 
II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

The following discussion sets forth the risk factors that we have identified in each area of principal risk as being the most 
material to our business, future financial condition, and results of operations. Although we discuss these risk factors primarily 
in the context of their potential effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations, you should understand 
that  these  effects  can  have  further  negative  implications  such  as:  reducing  the  price  of  our  common  stock;  reducing  our 
capital, which can have regulatory and other consequences; affecting the confidence that our clients and other counterparties 
have in us, with a resulting negative effect on our ability to conduct and grow our business; and reducing the attractiveness of 
our securities to potential purchasers, which may adversely affect our ability to raise capital and secure other funding or the 
prices at which we are able to do so. Further, additional risks beyond those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K 
or in other of our reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC could adversely affect us. We cannot assure you that the risk 
factors herein or elsewhere in our other reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC address all potential risks that we may 
face.

These risk factors also serve to describe factors which may cause our results to differ materially from those described in 
forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K or in other documents or statements that make reference to this Form 
10-K.  Forward-looking  statements,  as  further  described  in  this  Form  10-K  under  the  heading  "Cautionary  Note  Regarding 
Forward-Looking  Statements,"  and  other  factors  that  may  affect  future  results  are  discussed  below  under  "Management's 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

Strategic and Market Risk

Our  business  success  depends  in  large  part  upon  the  strategic  decisions  made  by  our  executive  management,  the 
alignment of business plans developed to act upon those decisions, and the quality of implementation of these business plans. 
Strategic risk represents the risk associated with our executive management failing to develop and execute on the appropriate 
strategic vision which demonstrates a commitment to our culture, leverages our core competencies, appropriately responds to 
external factors in the marketplace, and is in the best interests of our company. In setting out and executing upon a strategic 
vision for our business, we are faced with a number of inherent risks, including risks relating to external events and market 
and economic conditions, competition, and business performance that could all negatively affect our ability to execute on our 
strategic decisions and, therefore, our future financial condition or results of operations. The risks related to external events 
and overall market and economic conditions are referred to as market, or systemic, risk. The following are those material risk 
factors that we have identified that could pose a risk to our strategic vision, and the market risks that may impact execution of 
our strategy.

9

Developments  in  market  and  economic  conditions  have  in  the  past  adversely  affected,  and  may  in  the  future  adversely 
affect, our business and profitability and cause volatility in our results of operations.

Economic  and  market  conditions  have  had,  and  will  continue  to  have,  a  direct  and  material  impact  on  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition because performance in the financial services industry is heavily influenced by the overall 
strength of economic conditions and financial market activity. For example:

•

•

•

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, nearly every sector of the global and U.S. economy 
was negatively impacted. The uncertainty surrounding the effects and course of the pandemic, and the measures enacted 
to mitigate its spread, including travel restrictions, quarantines, stay-at-home orders, and business shutdowns resulted in 
almost  unprecedented  short-term  dislocations  in,  and  a  slowdown  of,  global  and  U.S.  economic  activity.  Business 
uncertainty over the length and severity of the pandemic and the timing of the eventual economic recovery resulted in a 
severe decline in our advisory (i.e., mergers and acquisitions) revenue during the second and third quarters of 2020. This 
decline was largely off-set by improved performance by our capital markets, institutional brokerage, and public finance 
businesses,  which  benefitted  from  accommodative  market  conditions  created  by  the  efforts  of  the  U.S.  federal 
government to support the markets and economy. Although we currently believe that the U.S. economy will continue to 
recover from COVID-19 and its related impacts in 2021, we also believe that the economic recovery and growth will be 
dependent on the trajectory of vaccine distribution and administration. Widespread concern or doubts in the market about 
the  pace  or  ability  of  normal  economic  activity  to  resume,  or  the  efficacy  or  adequacy  of  the  government  measures 
enacted  to  support  the  U.S.  and  global  economy,  could  further  erode  the  outlook  for  macroeconomic  conditions  and 
business confidence, and negatively impact our equities investment banking revenues. In addition, to the extent that the 
primary sectors that are covered by our equities investment banking business take longer to recover due to the erosion of 
economic conditions in those sectors, such as the energy or consumer sectors, our equities investment banking business 
could continue to be negatively impacted even after other sectors begin to experience a recovery.

Our equities investment banking revenue from our advisory and equity capital markets businesses is directly related to 
macroeconomic conditions and corresponding financial market activity. When the outlook for macroeconomic conditions 
is uncertain or negative, financial market activity generally tends to decrease, which can reduce our equities investment 
banking revenues. As an example, a significant portion of our equities investment banking revenues in recent years has 
been  derived  from  advisory  engagements  in  our  focus  sectors,  and  activity  in  this  area  is  highly  correlated  to  the 
macroeconomic environment and market conditions. Reduced expectations of U.S. economic growth and recovery from 
the COVID-19 pandemic or a further decline in the global macroeconomic outlook could cause financial market activity 
to  decrease  and  negatively  affect  our  equities  investment  banking  revenues.  In  addition,  global  macroeconomic 
conditions and U.S. financial markets remain vulnerable to the potential risks posed by exogenous shocks in addition to 
COVID-19,  which  could  include,  among  other  things,  political  or  social  unrest  or  financial  uncertainty  in  the  United 
States  and  the  European  Union,  complications  involving  terrorism  and  armed  conflicts  around  the  world,  or  other 
challenges  to  global  trade  or  travel.  More  generally,  because  our  business  is  closely  correlated  to  the  macroeconomic 
outlook, a significant deterioration in that outlook or an exogenous shock would likely have an immediate and significant 
negative  impact  on  our  equities  investment  banking  business  and  our  overall  results  of  operations,  as  we  experienced 
with the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020.

U.S.  equity  markets  experienced  severe  volatility  during  2020,  with  historic  declines  caused  by  the  outbreak  of 
COVID-19,  followed  quickly  by  dramatic  increases  on  the  basis  of  the  response  by  the  U.S.  federal  government  to 
support  the  markets  and  economy  as  well  as  increased  understanding  of  the  impact  and  scope  of  the  pandemic.  Our 
equities capital markets business was able to take full advantage of these accommodative market conditions in the second 
half of the year as our clients sought to access U.S. equity markets at favorable valuations, which contributed positively 
to our operating results for the year. However, if volatility in the U.S. equity markets were to return or increase in 2021, 
whether due to the concerns about the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the outlook for the U.S. or global economic 
recovery,  or  public  equity  valuations,  or  due  to  some  other  exogenous  shock,  companies  may  find  it  more  difficult  to 
raise capital from public equity markets, which could have a negative impact on our equity capital markets business and 
our overall results of operations. In addition, in 2020, the healthcare sector was a significant contributor to our equity 
capital markets results, and any significant equity market volatility or moderation that specifically impacts that sector for 
any reason, including concerns over equity valuations or negative developments that result from legislative or regulatory 
actions taken by the new U.S. presidential administration, could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

10

It is difficult to predict the economic and market conditions for 2021, which are dependent upon the pace of global and 
U.S. economic recovery from COVID-19 and geopolitical events globally. Our smaller scale and the cyclical nature of the 
economy  and  the  financial  services  industry  leads  to  volatility  in  our  financial  results,  including  our  operating  margins, 
compensation ratios, business mix, and revenue and expense levels. Our financial performance may be limited by the fixed 
nature  of  certain  expenses,  the  impact  from  unanticipated  losses  or  expenses  during  the  year,  our  business  mix,  and  the 
inability to scale back costs in a timeframe to match decreases in revenue-related changes in market and economic conditions. 
As a result, our financial results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year.

Developments  in  specific  business  sectors  and  markets  in  which  we  conduct  our  business,  have  in  the  past  adversely 
affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our business and profitability.

Our  results  for  a  particular  period  may  be  disproportionately  impacted  by  declines  in  specific  sectors  of  the  U.S.  or 
global economy, or for certain products within the financial services industry, due to our business mix and focus areas. For 
example:

•

•

•

Our equities investment banking business focuses on specific sectors, including healthcare, financial services, energy and 
renewables,  consumer,  diversified  industrials  and  services,  technology,  and  chemicals  and  materials.  Volatility, 
uncertainty, or slowdowns in any of these sectors may adversely affect our business, sometimes disproportionately, and 
may cause volatility in the net revenues we receive from our corporate advisory and capital markets activities. Both the 
healthcare and financial services sectors are significant contributors to our overall results, and negative developments in 
either  of  these  sectors,  including  but  not  limited  to  negative  developments  that  result  from  legislative  or  regulatory 
actions taken by the new U.S. presidential administration, would materially and disproportionately impact our equities 
investment banking results, even if general economic conditions were strong. In addition, we may not participate, or may 
participate to a lesser degree than other firms, in sectors that experience significant activity, such as real estate, and our 
operating results may not correlate with the results of other firms that participate in these sectors.

Our public finance investment banking business depends heavily upon conditions in the municipal market. It focuses on 
investment  banking  activity  in  sectors  that  include  state  and  local  government,  education,  senior  living,  healthcare, 
transportation,  and  hospitality  sectors,  with  an  emphasis  on  transactions  with  a  par  value  of  $500  million  or  less. 
Concerns about U.S. economic growth or recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic could have a disproportionate impact 
on high-yield sectors, which could have a negative impact on our public finance business. Further, the enactment, or the 
threat of enactment, of any legislation that alters the financing alternatives available to local or state governments or tax-
exempt  organizations  through  the  elimination  or  reduction  of  tax-exempt  bonds  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  our 
results of operations in these businesses.

Our fixed income institutional business derives its revenue from sales and trading activity in the municipal and taxable 
markets  and  from  hybrid  preferreds  and  government  agency  products.  Our  operating  results  for  our  fixed  income 
institutional business may not correlate with the results of other firms or the fixed income market generally because we 
do not participate in significant segments of the fixed income markets such as credit default swaps, corporate high-yield 
bonds, currencies or commodities.

Financing  and  advisory  services  engagements  are  transactional  in  nature  and  do  not  generally  provide  for  subsequent 
engagements.

Even though we work to represent our clients at every stage of their lifecycle, we are typically retained on a short-term, 
engagement-by-engagement basis in connection with specific advisory or capital markets transactions. As a consequence, the 
timing of when fees are earned varies, and, therefore, our financial results from advisory and capital markets activities may 
experience volatility quarter to quarter based on equity market conditions as well as the macroeconomic business cycle more 
broadly. In particular, our revenues related to advisory transactions tend to be more unpredictable from quarter to quarter due 
to the one-time nature of the transaction and the size of the fee. As a result, high levels of revenue in one quarter will not 
necessarily  be  predictive  of  continued  high  levels  of  revenue  in  any  subsequent  period.  If  we  are  unable  to  generate  a 
substantial number of new engagements and generate fees from the successful completion of those transactions, our business 
and results of operations could be adversely affected.

11

The number of anticipated investment banking transactions may differ from actual results.

The  completion  of  anticipated  investment  banking  transactions  in  our  pipeline  is  uncertain  and  partially  beyond  our 
control, and our investment banking revenue is typically earned only upon the successful completion of a transaction. In most 
cases, we receive little or no payment for investment banking engagements that do not result in the successful completion of a 
transaction. For example, a client's acquisition transaction may be delayed or terminated because of a failure to agree upon 
final terms with the counterparty, failure to obtain necessary regulatory consents or director or stockholder approvals, failure 
to  secure  necessary  financing,  adverse  market  conditions  or  unexpected  financial  or  other  issues  in  the  client's  or 
counterparty's business. More importantly, anticipated advisory or capital markets transactions may be delayed or terminated 
as a result of a decline in or uncertainty surrounding market or economic conditions. If parties fail to complete a transaction 
on which we are advising or an offering in which we are participating, we earn little or no revenue from the transaction and 
may  have  incurred  significant  expenses  (e.g.,  travel  and  legal  expenses)  associated  with  the  transaction.  Accordingly,  our 
business  is  highly  dependent  on  market  and  economic  conditions  as  well  as  the  decisions  and  actions  of  our  clients  and 
interested third parties, and the number of engagements we have at any given time (and any characterization or description of 
our deal pipelines) is subject to change and may not necessarily result in future revenues.

We may make strategic acquisitions, enter into new business opportunities, or engage in joint ventures, which could cause 
us to incur unforeseen expenses and have disruptive effects on our business and may not yield the benefits we expect.

We may grow in part through corporate development or similar activities that could include acquisitions, joint ventures 
and minority investment stakes, and entering into new lines of business. There are a number of risks associated with these 
activities.  Costs  or  difficulties  relating  to  a  transaction,  including  integration  of  products,  employees,  technology  systems, 
accounting systems and management controls, or entry into a new business line, may be difficult to predict accurately and be 
greater  than  expected  causing  our  estimates  to  differ  from  actual  results.  Importantly,  we  may  be  unable  to  retain  key 
personnel  after  a  transaction,  including  personnel  who  are  critical  to  the  success  of  the  ongoing  business.  We  may  incur 
unforeseen  liabilities  of  an  acquired  company  or  from  entry  into  a  new  business  line,  that  could  impose  significant  and 
unanticipated  legal  costs  on  us.  We  will  need  to  successfully  manage  these  risks  in  order  to  fully  realize  the  anticipated 
benefits of these transactions.

Longer-term,  our  corporate  development  activities  may  require  increased  costs  in  the  form  of  management  personnel, 
financial  and  management  systems  and  controls  and  facilities,  which,  in  the  absence  of  continued  revenue  growth,  could 
cause our operating margins to decline. In addition, when we acquire a business, a substantial portion of the purchase price is 
often  allocated  to  goodwill  and  other  identifiable  intangible  assets.  Our  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  are  tested  at  least 
annually for impairment. If, in connection with that test, we determine that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying 
value, we would be required to recognize an impairment to the goodwill associated with that reporting unit. More generally, 
any  difficulties  that  we  experience  could  disrupt  our  ongoing  business,  increase  our  expenses  and  adversely  affect  our 
operating  results  and  financial  condition.  We  also  may  be  unable  to  achieve  anticipated  benefits  and  synergies  from  a 
transaction as fully as expected or within the expected time frame.

We  may  not  be  able  to  compete  successfully  with  other  companies  in  the  financial  services  industry  who  often  have 
significantly greater resources than we do.

The  financial  services  industry  remains  highly  competitive,  and  our  revenues  and  profitability  may  suffer  if  we  are 
unable to compete effectively. We generally compete on the basis of such factors as quality of advice and service, reputation, 
price, product selection, transaction execution and financial resources. Pricing and other competitive pressures in investment 
banking, including the use of multiple book runners, co-managers, and multiple financial advisors handling transactions, have 
affected and could continue to adversely affect our revenues.

12

We  remain  at  a  competitive  disadvantage  given  our  relatively  small  size  compared  to  some  of  our  competitors.  Large 
financial  services  firms  generally  have  a  larger  capital  base,  greater  access  to  capital,  and  greater  technology  resources, 
affording them greater capacity for risk and potential for innovation, an extended geographic reach and flexibility to offer a 
broader set of products. For example, some of these firms are able to use their larger capital base to offer additional products 
or  services  to  their  investment  banking  clients,  which  can  be  a  competitive  advantage.  With  respect  to  our  fixed  income 
institutional  brokerage  and  public  finance  investment  banking  businesses,  it  is  more  difficult  for  us  to  diversify  and 
differentiate our product set, and our fixed income business mix currently is concentrated in the municipal market and to a 
lesser  extent  corporate  credits,  potentially  with  less  opportunity  for  growth  than  other  firms  which  have  grown  their  fixed 
income businesses by investing in, developing and offering non-traditional products (e.g., credit default swaps, interest rate 
products and currencies and commodities).

Our institutional brokerage business is subject to pricing pressures.

The  ability  to  execute  trades  electronically  and  through  alternative  trading  systems  and  competitive  pressures  on  our 
clients have increased the pressure on trading commissions and spreads within the equities institutional brokerage business 
over the past few years. We expect to continue to experience pricing and other competitive pressures in our equities and fixed 
income institutional brokerage businesses in the future. In addition, we will need to continue to invest in these businesses in 
order to continue to meet our clients’ needs and maintain sufficient scale.

Our  inability  to  identify  and  address  actual,  potential,  or  perceived  conflicts  of  interest  may  negatively  impact  our 
reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We regularly address actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest in our business, including situations where our 
services to a particular client or our own investments or other interests conflict, or are perceived to conflict, with the interests 
of another client. Appropriately identifying and dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and we face the 
risk  that  our  current  policies,  controls  and  procedures  do  not  timely  identify  or  appropriately  manage  such  conflicts  of 
interest.  It  is  possible  that  actual,  potential  or  perceived  conflicts  could  give  rise  to  client  dissatisfaction,  litigation  or 
regulatory  enforcement  actions.  Our  reputation  could  be  damaged  if  we  fail,  or  appear  to  fail,  to  deal  appropriately  with 
potential  or  actual  conflicts  of  interest.  Client  dissatisfaction,  litigation,  or  regulatory  enforcement  actions  arising  from  a 
failure  to  adequately  deal  with  conflicts  of  interest,  and  the  reputational  harm  suffered  as  a  consequence,  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business.

Damage to our reputation could harm our business.

Maintaining  our  reputation  is  critical  to  attracting  and  maintaining  clients,  customers,  investors,  and  employees.  If  we 
fail to deal with, or appear to fail to deal with, issues that may give rise to reputational risk, such failure or appearance of 
failure  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business  and  stock  price.  These  issues  include,  but  are  not  limited  to, 
appropriately dealing with potential conflicts of interest, legal and regulatory requirements, ethical issues, money laundering, 
cybersecurity,  and  the  proper  identification  of  the  strategic,  market,  human  capital,  liquidity,  credit,  operational,  legal  and 
regulatory risks inherent in our business and products.

Human Capital Risk

Our  business  is  a  human  capital  business,  and,  therefore,  our  future  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  are 
significantly dependent upon our employees and their actions. Our success depends on the skills, expertise, and performance 
of our employees. Human capital risks represent the risks posed if we fail to attract and retain qualified individuals who are 
motivated  to  serve  the  best  interests  of  our  clients,  thereby  serving  the  best  interests  of  our  company,  as  well  as  the  risks 
posed if our culture fails to encourage such behavior. Human capital risk is also present where we fail to detect and prevent 
employees from acting contrary to our policies and procedures, for example, if an employee were to inadequately safeguard 
or  misuse  our  clients'  confidential  information.  Any  failure  by  us  in  creating  and  maintaining  a  culture  that  emphasizes 
serving our clients' best interests or detecting or preventing employees from engaging in behaviors that run counter to that 
culture might lead to reputational damage for our firm. The following are those material human capital risk factors that we 
have identified that could pose a risk to us.

13

Our  ability  to  attract,  develop  and  retain  highly  skilled  and  productive  employees,  develop  the  next  generation  of  our 
business leadership, and instill and maintain a culture of ethics is critical to the success of our business.

Historically,  the  market  for  qualified  employees  within  the  financial  services  industry  has  been  marked  by  intense 
competition,  and  the  performance  of  our  business  may  suffer  to  the  extent  we  are  unable  to  attract,  retain,  and  develop 
productive  employees,  given  the  relatively  small  size  of  our  company  and  our  employee  base  compared  to  some  of  our 
competitors and the geographic locations in which we operate. The primary sources of revenue in each of our business lines 
are  fees  earned  on  advisory  and  underwriting  transactions  and  customer  accounts  managed  by  our  employees,  who  have 
historically been recruited by other firms and in certain cases are able to take their client relationships with them when they 
change firms. In some areas of our business, a small number of employees are responsible for producing a significant amount 
of revenue, and the loss of any of these employees could adversely affect our results of operations.

Further, recruiting and retention success often depends on the ability to deliver competitive compensation, and we may 
be  at  a  disadvantage  to  some  competitors  given  our  size  and  financial  resources.  Our  inability  or  unwillingness  to  meet 
compensation  needs  or  demands  may  result  in  the  loss  of  some  of  our  professionals  or  the  inability  to  recruit  additional 
professionals at compensation levels that are within our target range for compensation and benefits expense. Our ability to 
retain and recruit also may be hindered if we limit our aggregate annual compensation and benefits expense as a percentage 
of annual net revenues.

A vibrant and ethical corporate culture is critical to ensuring that our employees put our clients' interests first and are 
able to identify and manage potential conflicts of interest, while also creating an environment in which each of our employees 
feel empowered to develop and pursue their full potential. Our expectations for our corporate culture and ethics are instilled 
and maintained by the "tone at the top" set by our management and board of directors. Lapses in our corporate culture could 
lead to reputational damage or employee loss, either of which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our business success depends in large part on the strategic decisions made by our leadership team, and the business plans 
developed and implemented by our senior business leaders. Our ability to identify, develop, and retain future senior business 
leaders,  and  our  ability  to  develop  and  implement  successful  succession  plans  for  our  leadership  team  and  other  senior 
business leaders, is critical to our future success and results of operations.

Our  inability  to  effectively  integrate  and  retain  personnel  in  connection  with  our  acquisitions  may  adversely  affect  our 
financial condition and results of operations.

We invest time and resources in carefully assessing opportunities for acquisitions, and we have made acquisitions in the 
past  several  years  to  broaden  the  scope  and  depth  of  our  human  capital  in  various  businesses.  Despite  diligence  and 
integration  planning,  acquisitions  still  present  certain  risks,  including  the  difficulties  in  integrating  and  bringing  together 
different  work  cultures  and  employees,  and  retaining  those  employees  for  the  period  of  time  necessary  to  realize  the 
anticipated benefits of the acquisition. Difficulties in integrating our acquisitions, including attracting and retaining talent to 
realize the expected benefits of these acquisitions, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity and Credit Risk

Two of our principal categories of risk as a broker dealer are liquidity and credit risk, each of which can have a material 
impact  on  our  results  of  operations  and  viability  as  a  business.  We  believe  that  the  effective  management  of  liquidity  and 
credit is fundamental to the financial health of our firm. With respect to liquidity risk, it impacts our ability to timely access 
necessary  funding  sources  in  order  to  operate  our  business  and  our  ability  to  timely  divest  securities  that  we  hold  in 
connection with our market-making and sales and trading activities. Credit risk, as distinguished from liquidity risk, is the 
potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty, customer, client, borrower, or issuer of 
securities  we  hold  in  our  trading  inventory.  The  nature  and  amount  of  credit  risk  depends  on  the  type  of  transaction,  the 
structure  and  duration  of  that  transaction  and  the  parties  involved.  The  following  are  the  material  liquidity  and  credit  risk 
factors that we have identified that could pose a risk to us.

14

An  inability  to  access  capital  readily  or  on  terms  favorable  to  us  could  impair  our  ability  to  fund  operations  and  could 
jeopardize our financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity, or ready access to funds, is essential to our business. To fund our business, we rely on financing provided by 
Pershing LLC ("Pershing") under our fully disclosed clearing agreement, as well as bank financing, commercial paper, and 
other funding sources. The financing provided by Pershing is at Pershing's discretion (i.e., uncommitted) and could be denied 
without prior notice. To help mitigate this risk, during 2019, the Company issued $175 million of unsecured fixed rate senior 
notes  as  financing  for  general  corporate  purposes,  including  to  finance  a  portion  of  our  acquisition  of  Sandler  O'Neill  & 
Partners,  L.P.  in  early  2020.  In  January  2021,  we  increased  the  size  of  our  unsecured  revolving  credit  facility  from  $50 
million to $65 million, and we intend to use the facility for working capital and general corporate purposes. Our broker dealer 
subsidiary also renewed a $100 million committed credit facility in December 2020 for an additional twelve months.

Our  access  to  funding  sources,  particularly  uncommitted  funding  sources,  is  dependent  on  factors  we  cannot  control, 
such as economic downturns, the disruption of financial markets, the failure or consolidation of other financial institutions, 
negative  news  about  the  financial  industry  generally  or  us  specifically.  We  could  experience  disruptions  with  our  credit 
facilities in the future, including the loss of liquidity sources and/or increased borrowing costs, if lenders or investors develop 
a negative perception of our short- or long-term financial prospects, which could result from decreased business activity. Our 
liquidity also could be impacted by the activities resulting in concentration of risk, including investments in specific markets 
or  products  without  liquidity.  Our  access  to  funds  also  may  be  impaired  if  regulatory  authorities  take  significant  action 
against us, or if we discover that one of our employees has engaged in serious unauthorized or illegal activity.

In the future, we may need to incur debt or issue equity in order to fund our working capital requirements, as well as to 
execute our growth initiatives that may include acquisitions and other investments. Similarly, our access to funding sources 
may  be  contingent  upon  terms  and  conditions  that  may  limit  or  restrict  our  business  activities  and  growth  initiatives.  In 
addition,  we  currently  do  not  have  a  credit  rating,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  liquidity  and  competitive  position  by 
increasing  our  borrowing  costs  and  limiting  access  to  sources  of  liquidity  that  require  a  credit  rating  as  a  condition  to 
providing funds.

If we are unable to obtain necessary funding, or if the funding we obtain is on terms and conditions unfavorable to us, it 
could negatively affect our business activities and operations, and our ability to pursue certain growth initiatives and make 
certain  capital  decisions,  including  the  decision  whether  to  pay  future  dividends  to  our  shareholders,  as  well  as  our  future 
financial condition or results of operations.

Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses.

Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses in our sales and trading, alternative asset management, 
merchant banking, credit underwriting and syndication platform, and underwriting businesses. We have committed capital to 
these businesses, and we may take substantial positions in particular types of securities and/or issuers. This concentration of 
risk may cause us to suffer losses even when economic and market conditions are generally favorable for our competitors. 
Further, disruptions in the credit markets can make it difficult to hedge exposures effectively and economically.

Our businesses, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the credit quality of, or defaults by, 
third parties who owe us money, securities or other assets.

The nature of our businesses exposes us to credit risk, or the risk that third parties who owe us money, securities or other 
assets  will  not  perform  their  obligations.  These  parties  may  default  on  their  obligations  to  us  due  to  bankruptcy,  lack  of 
liquidity,  operational  failure  or  other  reasons.  Deterioration  in  the  credit  quality  of  securities  or  obligations  we  hold  could 
result in losses and adversely affect our ability to rehypothecate or otherwise use those securities or obligations for liquidity 
purposes. A significant downgrade in the credit ratings of our counterparties could also have a negative impact on our results. 
Default rates, downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of collateral tend to increase in times of market 
stress and illiquidity. Although we review credit exposures to specific clients and counterparties and to specific industries that 
we  believe  may  present  credit  concerns,  default  risk  may  arise  from  events  or  circumstances  that  are  difficult  to  detect  or 
foresee.  Also,  concerns  about,  or  a  default  by,  one  institution  generally  leads  to  losses,  significant  liquidity  problems,  or 
defaults by other institutions, which in turn could adversely affect our business.

15

Particular  activities  or  products  within  our  business  expose  us  to  increased  credit  risk,  including  inventory  positions, 
interest rate swap contracts with customer credit  exposure, counterparty risk with one major financial institution related to 
customer  interest  rate  swap  contracts  without  customer  credit  exposure,  investment  banking  and  advisory  fee  receivables, 
liquidity  providers  on  variable  rate  demand  notes  we  remarket,  and  similar  activities.  With  respect  to  interest  rate  swap 
contracts  with  customer  credit  exposure,  we  have  retained  the  credit  exposure  with  four  non-publicly  rated  counterparties 
totaling  $24.0  million  at  December  31,  2020  as  part  of  our  matched-book  interest  rate  swap  program.  In  the  event  of  a 
termination of the contract, the counterparty would owe us the applicable amount of the credit exposure. If our counterparty 
is unable to make its payment to us, we would still be obligated to pay our hedging counterparty, resulting in credit losses. 
Non-performance by our counterparties, clients and others, including with respect to our inventory positions and interest rate 
swap contracts with customer credit exposures, could result in losses, potentially material, and thus have a significant adverse 
effect on our business and results of operations.

In  addition,  reliance  on  revenues  from  hedge  funds  and  hedge  fund  advisors,  which  are  less  regulated  than  many 
investment company and investment advisor clients, may expose us to greater risk of financial loss from unsettled trades than 
is the case with other types of institutional investors. Concentration of risk may result in losses to us even when economic and 
market conditions are generally favorable for others in our industry.

An inability to readily divest trading positions may result in financial losses to our business.

Timely divestiture of our trading positions, including equity, fixed income and other securities positions, can be impaired 
by  decreased  trading  volume,  increased  price  volatility,  rapid  changes  in  interest  rates,  concentrated  trading  positions, 
limitations  on  the  ability  to  divest  positions  in  highly  specialized  or  structured  transactions  and  changes  in  industry  and 
government regulations. While we hold a security, we are vulnerable to valuation fluctuations and may experience financial 
losses to the extent the value of the security decreases and we are unable to timely divest or hedge our trading position in that 
security.  The  value  may  decline  as  a  result  of  many  factors,  including  issuer-specific,  market  or  geopolitical  events.  In 
addition, in times of market uncertainty, the inability to divest inventory positions may have an impact on our liquidity as 
funding  sources  generally  become  more  restrictive,  which  could  limit  our  ability  to  pledge  the  underlying  security  as 
collateral. Our liquidity may also be impacted if we choose to facilitate liquidity for specific products and voluntarily increase 
our inventory positions in order to do so, exposing ourselves to greater market risk and potential financial losses from the 
reduction in value of illiquid positions.

Our underwriting and alternative asset management activities expose us to risk of loss.

We  engage  in  a  variety  of  activities  in  which  we  commit  or  invest  our  own  capital,  including  underwriting  and 
alternative  asset  management.  In  our  role  as  underwriter  for  equity  and  fixed  income  securities,  we  commit  to  purchase 
securities from the issuer or one or more holders of the issuer's securities, and then sell those securities to other investors or 
into  the  public  markets,  as  applicable.  Our  underwriting  activities,  including  bought  deal  transactions  and  equity  block 
trading  activities,  expose  us  to  the  risk  of  loss  if  the  price  of  the  security  falls  below  the  price  we  purchased  the  security 
before we are able to sell all of the securities that we purchased. For example, as an underwriter, or, with respect to equity 
securities, a block positioner, we may commit to purchasing securities from an issuer or one or more holders of the issuer's 
securities  without  having  found  purchasers  for  some  or  all  of  the  securities.  In  those  instances,  we  may  find  that  we  are 
unable  to  sell  the  securities  at  a  price  equal  to  or  above  the  price  at  which  we  purchased  the  securities,  or  with  respect  to 
certain  securities,  at  a  price  sufficient  to  cover  our  hedges.  With  respect  to  alternative  asset  management,  our  ability  to 
withdraw our capital from these investments may be limited, and we may not be able to realize our investment objectives by 
sale or disposition at attractive prices, increasing our risk of losses. Our joint venture entities that underwrite and syndicate 
client debt may hold a portion of such debt after syndication, and our invested capital is exposed to a risk of loss to the extent 
that the debt is ultimately not repaid.

Our results from these activities may vary from quarter to quarter. We may incur significant losses from our underwriting 
and alternative asset management due to equity or fixed income market fluctuations and volatility from quarter to quarter, or 
from a deterioration in specific business subsectors or the economy more generally. In addition, we may engage in hedging 
transactions that, if not successful, could result in losses; and the hedges we purchase to counterbalance market rate changes 
in certain inventory positions are not perfectly matched to the positions being hedged, which could result in losses. 

16

Use  of  derivative  instruments  as  part  of  our  financial  risk  management  techniques  may  not  effectively  hedge  the  risks 
associated with activities in certain of our businesses.

We use interest rate swaps, interest rate locks, U.S. Treasury bond futures and options, and equity option contracts as a 
means to manage risk in certain inventory positions and to facilitate customer transactions. With respect to risk management, 
we  enter  into  derivative  contracts  to  hedge  interest  rate  and  market  value  risks  associated  with  our  security  positions, 
including fixed income inventory positions we hold both for facilitating client activity. The instruments currently use interest 
rates based upon the Municipal Market Data ("MMD"), London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or Securities Industry and 
Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA") index. Generally, we do not hedge all of our interest rate risk. In addition, these 
hedging strategies may not work in all market environments and as a result may not be effective in mitigating interest rate 
and market value risk, especially when market volatility reduces the correlation between a hedging vehicle and the securities 
inventory being hedged.

There  are  risks  inherent  in  our  use  of  these  products,  including  counterparty  exposure  and  basis  risk.  Counterparty 
exposure  refers  to  the  risk  that  the  amount  of  collateral  in  our  possession  on  any  given  day  may  not  be  sufficient  to  fully 
cover  the  current  value  of  the  swaps  if  a  counterparty  were  to  suddenly  default.  Basis  risk  refers  to  risks  associated  with 
swaps  where  changes  in  the  value  of  the  swaps  may  not  exactly  mirror  changes  in  the  value  of  the  cash  flows  they  are 
hedging. We may incur losses from our exposure to derivative interest rate products and the increased use of these products 
in the future.

The use of estimates and valuations in measuring fair value involve significant estimation and judgment by management.

We make various estimates that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Broadly, those estimates are used in measuring 
fair value of certain financial instruments, investments in private companies, accounting for goodwill and intangible assets, 
establishing provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation, and regulatory proceedings and tax examinations. 
Estimates are based on available information and judgment. Therefore, actual results could differ from our estimates and that 
difference could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. With respect to accounting for goodwill, we 
complete  our  annual  goodwill  and  intangible  asset  impairment  testing  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  year  or  earlier  if 
impairment indicators are present. Impairment charges resulting from this valuation analysis could materially adversely affect 
our results of operations.

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned, and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold 
but not yet purchased, are recorded at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses related to these financial instruments are 
reflected on our consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the 
instrument could be exchanged in a transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Where available, fair 
value is based on observable market prices or parameters or derived from such prices or parameters. Where observable prices 
or  inputs  are  not  available,  valuation  models  are  applied.  These  valuation  techniques  involve  management  estimation  and 
judgment,  the  degree  of  which  is  dependent  on  the  price  transparency  for  the  instruments  or  market  and  the  instruments' 
complexity.  Difficult  market  environments  may  cause  financial  instruments  to  become  substantially  more  illiquid  and 
difficult  to  value,  increasing  the  use  of  valuation  models.  Our  future  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  may  be 
adversely affected by the valuation adjustments that we apply to these financial instruments.

Investments in private companies are valued based on an assessment of each underlying security, considering rounds of 
financing,  third  party  transactions  and  market-based  information,  including  comparable  company  transactions,  trading 
multiples  (e.g.,  multiples  of  revenue  and  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation,  and  amortization  ("EBITDA"))  and 
changes in market outlook, among other factors. These valuation techniques require significant management estimation and 
judgment.

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of loss, or damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and 
systems or from external events. Such loss or reputational damage could negatively impact our future financial condition and 
results of operations. The following are those material operational risk factors that we have identified that could pose a risk to 
us.

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Our  information  and  technology  systems,  including  outsourced  systems,  are  critical  components  of  our  operations,  and 
failure of those systems or other aspects of our operations infrastructure may disrupt our business, cause financial loss 
and constrain our growth.

We typically transact thousands of securities trades on a daily basis across multiple markets. Our data and transaction 
processing, financial, accounting and other technology and operating systems are essential to this task. A system malfunction 
(due to hardware failure, capacity overload, security incident, data corruption, etc.) or mistake made relating to the processing 
of transactions could result in financial loss, liability to clients, regulatory intervention, reputational damage and constraints 
on our ability to grow. 

We  operate  under  a  fully  disclosed  model  for  all  of  our  clearing  operations.  In  a  fully  disclosed  model,  we  act  as  an 
introducing broker for most customer transactions and rely on a clearing broker dealer to handle clearance and settlement of 
our customers' securities transactions. The clearing services provided by our clearing broker dealer, Pershing, are critical to 
our business operations, and similar to other important outsourced operations, any failure by the clearing agent with respect to 
the services we rely on it to provide could significantly disrupt and negatively impact our operations and financial results. We 
also contract with third parties for market data services, which constantly broadcast news, quotes, analytics and other relevant 
information  to  our  employees,  as  well  as  other  critical  data  processing  activities.  In  the  event  that  any  of  these  service 
providers fails to adequately perform such services or the relationship between that service provider and us is terminated, we 
may experience a significant disruption in our operations, including our ability to timely and accurately process transactions 
or maintain complete and accurate records of those transactions.

Adapting  or  developing  our  technology  systems  to  meet  new  regulatory  requirements,  client  needs,  geographic 
expansion  and  industry  demands  also  is  critical  for  our  business.  The  introduction  of  new  technologies  presents  new 
challenges on a regular basis. We have an ongoing need to upgrade and improve our various technology systems, including 
our  data  and  transaction  processing,  financial,  accounting,  risk  management,  compliance,  and  trading  systems.  This  need 
could present operational issues or require significant capital spending. It also may require us to make additional investments 
in  technology  systems  and  may  require  us  to  reevaluate  the  current  value  and/or  expected  useful  lives  of  our  technology 
systems, which could negatively impact our results of operations.

In  2020,  nearly  90%  of  our  workforce  transitioned  to  a  work-from-home  environment  in  response  to  the  COVID-19 
pandemic,  which  entailed  significant  investments  and  potentially  presented  heightened  cybersecurity,  information  security, 
and operational risks which we needed to manage. Although we successfully managed that transition, a similar disruption in 
the infrastructure that supports our business due to fire, natural disaster, health emergency (e.g., a disease pandemic), power 
or communication failure, act of terrorism or war may affect our ability to service and interact with our clients. If we are not 
able to implement contingency plans effectively, any such disruption could harm our results of operations.

Protection  of  our  sensitive  and  confidential  information  is  critical  to  our  operations,  and  failure  of  those  systems  may 
disrupt our business, damage our reputation, and cause financial losses.

Our clients routinely provide us with sensitive and confidential information. Secure processing, storage and transmission 
of confidential and other information in our internal and outsourced computer systems and networks is critically important to 
our business. We take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant. However, our computer 
systems, software and networks, and those of our clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties, 
may  be  vulnerable  to  unauthorized  access,  cyber  attacks,  security  breaches,  computer  viruses  or  other  malicious  code, 
inadvertent, erroneous or intercepted transmission of information (including by e-mail), human error, and other events that 
could have an information security impact. We work with our employees, clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties 
and other third parties to develop and implement measures designed to protect against such an event, but we may not be able 
to fully protect against such an event, and do not have, and may be unable to put in place, secure capabilities with all of these 
third  parties  and  we  may  not  be  able  to  ensure  that  these  third  parties  have  appropriate  controls  in  place  to  protect  the 
confidentiality of the information. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize our or our clients' or 
counterparties'  confidential  and  other  information  processed  and  stored  in,  and  transmitted  through,  our  computer  systems 
and  networks,  or  those  of  third  parties,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our,  our  clients',  our 
counterparties'  or  third  parties'  operations.  We  may  be  required  to  expend  significant  additional  resources  to  modify  our 
protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to reputational 
harm  as  well  as  litigation,  regulatory  penalties,  and  financial  losses  that  are  either  not  insured  against  or  not  fully  covered 
through any insurance maintained by us.

18

A failure to protect our computer systems, networks and information, and our clients' information, against cyber attacks, 
data  breaches,  and  similar  threats  could  impair  our  ability  to  conduct  our  businesses,  result  in  the  disclosure,  theft  or 
destruction of confidential information, damage our reputation and cause significant financial and legal exposure.

Our  operations  rely  on  the  secure  processing,  storage  and  transmission  of  confidential  and  other  information  in  our 
computer  systems  and  networks.  There  have  been  several  highly  publicized  cases  involving  financial  services  companies, 
consumer-based companies and other companies, as well as governmental and political organizations, reporting breaches in 
the  security  of  their  websites,  networks  or  other  systems.  We  have  not  been  immune  from  such  events.  Some  of  the 
publicized  breaches  have  involved  sophisticated  and  targeted  cyber  attacks  intended  to  obtain  unauthorized  access  to 
confidential information, destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems or cause other damage, including through 
the  introduction  of  computer  viruses,  malware,  ransomware,  phishing,  denial-of-service,  and  other  means.  There  have  also 
been  several  highly  publicized  cases  where  hackers  have  requested  "ransom"  payments  in  exchange  for  not  disclosing 
customer information.

A successful penetration or circumvention of the security of our systems could cause serious negative consequences for 
us, including significant disruption of our operations and those of our clients, customers and counterparties; misappropriation 
of our confidential information or that of our clients, customers, counterparties or employees; or damage to our computers or 
systems and those of our clients, customers and counterparties; and could result in violations of applicable privacy and other 
laws, financial loss to us or to our customers, loss of confidence in our security measures, customer dissatisfaction, significant 
litigation exposure and reputational harm, all of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We  continuously  monitor  and  develop  our  systems  to  protect  our  technology  infrastructure  and  data  from 
misappropriation or corruption. Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and information, we have not been 
and  may  not  be  able  to  anticipate,  detect  or  implement  effective  preventive  measures  against  all  cyber  threats,  especially 
because the techniques used are increasingly sophisticated, change frequently, and are often not recognized until months after 
the  attack.  Cyber  attacks  can  originate  from  a  variety  of  sources,  including  third  parties  who  are  affiliated  with  foreign 
governments or employees acting negligently or in a manner adverse to our interests. Third parties may seek to gain access to 
our systems either directly or using equipment or security passwords belonging to employees, customers, third party service 
providers  or  other  users  of  our  systems.  In  addition,  due  to  our  interconnectivity  with  third  party  vendors,  central  agents, 
exchanges, clearing houses and other financial institutions, we could be adversely impacted if any of them are subject to a 
successful cyber attack or other information security event.

Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, 
software and networks have been and may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious 
code and other events that could have a security impact. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to 
modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities, exposures, or information security events. Due 
to the complexity and interconnectedness of our systems, the process of enhancing our protective measures can itself create a 
risk of systems disruptions and security issues.

The increased use of cloud technologies can heighten these and other operational risks. Certain aspects of the security of 
such technologies are unpredictable or beyond our control, and this lack of transparency may inhibit our ability to discover a 
failure  by  cloud  service  providers  to  adequately  safeguard  their  systems  and  prevent  cyber  attacks  that  could  disrupt  our 
operations and result in misappropriation, corruption or loss of confidential and other information. In addition, there is a risk 
that  encryption  and  other  protective  measures,  despite  their  sophistication,  may  be  defeated,  particularly  to  the  extent  that 
new computing technologies vastly increase the speed and computing power available.

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Risk management processes may not fully mitigate exposure to the various risks that we face.

We  refine  our  risk  management  techniques,  strategies  and  assessment  methods  on  an  ongoing  basis.  However,  risk 
management techniques and strategies, both ours and those available to the market generally, may not be fully effective in 
identifying and mitigating our risk exposure in all economic market environments or against all types of risk. For example, 
we may fail to identify or anticipate particular risks that our systems are capable of identifying, or the systems that we use, 
and  that  are  used  within  the  industry  generally,  may  not  be  capable  of  identifying  certain  risks,  or  every  economic  and 
financial outcome, or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. In addition, our risk management techniques and strategies 
seek to balance our ability to profit from our market-making and investing positions with our exposure to potential losses. 
Some of our strategies for managing risk are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior. We apply statistical 
and  other  tools  to  these  observations  to  quantify  our  risk  exposure.  Any  failures  in  our  risk  management  techniques  and 
strategies to accurately quantify our risk exposure could limit our ability to manage risks. In addition, any risk management 
failures  could  cause  our  losses  to  be  significantly  greater  than  the  historical  measures  indicate.  Further,  our  quantified 
modeling does not take all risks into account. Our more qualitative approach to managing those risks could prove insufficient, 
exposing us to material unanticipated losses.

The financial services industry and the markets in which we operate are subject to systemic risk that could adversely affect 
our business and results.

Participants  in  the  financial  services  industry  and  markets  increasingly  are  closely  interrelated  as  a  result  of  credit, 
trading, clearing, technology and other relationships between them. A significant adverse development with one participant 
(such as a bankruptcy or default) may spread to others and lead to significant concentrated or market-wide problems (such as 
defaults, liquidity problems or losses) for other industry participants, including us. Further, the control and risk management 
infrastructure  of  the  markets  in  which  we  operate  often  is  outpaced  by  financial  innovation  and  growth  in  new  types  of 
securities, transactions and markets. Systemic risk is inherently difficult to assess and quantify, and its form and magnitude 
can remain unknown for significant periods of time.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could materially 
affect our business.

We have documented and tested our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  of  2002  (the  "Sarbanes-Oxley  Act"),  which  requires  annual  management  assessments  of  the 
effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent auditors regarding our internal 
control over financial reporting. We are in compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as of December 31, 2020. 
However,  if  we  fail  to  maintain  the  adequacy  of  our  internal  controls,  as  such  standards  are  modified,  supplemented  or 
amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective 
internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Failure to maintain an 
effective internal control environment could materially adversely affect our business.

Legal and Regulatory Risk

Legal and regulatory risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and the 
loss to our reputation we may suffer as a result of failure to comply with laws, regulations, rules, related SRO standards and 
codes  of  conduct  applicable  to  our  business  activities.  It  also  includes  the  risk  that  legislation  could  reduce  or  eliminate 
certain business activities that we are currently engaged in, which could negatively impact our future financial condition or 
results of operation. The following are those material legal and regulatory risk factors that we have identified that could pose 
a risk to us.

20

 
Our industry is exposed to significant legal liability, which could lead to substantial damages.

We  face  significant  legal  risks  in  our  businesses.  These  risks  include  potential  liability  under  securities  laws  and 
regulations  in  connection  with  our  capital  markets,  asset  management  and  other  businesses.  The  volume  and  amount  of 
damages claimed in litigation, arbitrations, regulatory enforcement actions and other adversarial proceedings against financial 
services firms has historically been intense. Our experience has been that adversarial proceedings against financial services 
firms  typically  increase  during  and  following  a  market  downturn.  We  also  are  subject  to  claims  from  disputes  with  our 
employees and our former employees under various circumstances. Risks associated with legal liability often are difficult to 
assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time, making the amount 
of  legal  reserves  related  to  these  legal  liabilities  difficult  to  determine  and  subject  to  future  revision.  Legal  or  regulatory 
matters involving our directors, officers or employees in their individual capacities also may create exposure for us because 
we  may  be  obligated  or  may  choose  to  indemnify  the  affected  individuals  against  liabilities  and  expenses  they  incur  in 
connection  with  such  matters  to  the  extent  permitted  under  applicable  law.  In  addition,  like  other  financial  services 
companies, we may face the possibility of employee fraud or misconduct. The precautions we take to prevent and detect this 
activity  may  not  be  effective  in  all  cases  and  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  we  will  be  able  to  deter  or  prevent  fraud  or 
misconduct.  Exposures  from  and  expenses  incurred  related  to  any  of  the  foregoing  actions  or  proceedings  could  have  a 
negative  impact  on  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  In  addition,  future  results  of  operations  could  be 
adversely affected if reserves relating to these legal liabilities are required to be increased or legal proceedings are resolved in 
excess of established reserves.

Our business is subject to extensive regulation in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and a significant regulatory action 
against our company may have a material adverse financial effect on, cause significant reputational harm to, or result in 
other collateral consequences for our company.

As a participant in the financial services industry, we are subject to complex and extensive regulation of many aspects of 
our  business  by  U.S.  federal  and  state  regulatory  agencies,  SROs  (including  securities  exchanges)  and  by  foreign 
governmental  agencies,  regulatory  bodies  and  securities  exchanges.  Specifically,  our  operating  subsidiaries  include  broker 
dealer  and  related  securities  entities  organized  in  the  United  States,  the  United  Kingdom,  and  Hong  Kong.  Each  of  these 
entities is registered or licensed with the applicable local regulator and is subject to all of the applicable rules and regulations 
promulgated  by  those  authorities.  In  addition,  our  asset  management  subsidiaries,  PJIM,  PSC  Capital  Partners  LLC,  Piper 
Sandler  Advisors  LLC,  Piper  Heartland  Healthcare  Capital  LLC  and  Piper  Sandler  Finance  Management  LLC,  as  well  as 
Piper Sandler & Co., are registered as investment advisors with the SEC and subject to the regulation and oversight by the 
SEC, and we have an additional asset management subsidiary subject to regulation in Guernsey.

Generally, the requirements imposed by our regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to 
protect customers and other third parties who deal with us. These requirements are not designed to protect our shareholders. 
Consequently,  broker  dealer  regulations  often  serve  to  limit  our  activities,  through  net  capital,  customer  protection  and 
market  conduct  requirements  and  restrictions  on  the  businesses  in  which  we  may  operate  or  invest.  We  also  must  comply 
with asset management regulations, including requirements related to fiduciary duties to clients, record-keeping and reporting 
and customer disclosures. Compliance with many of these regulations entails a number of risks, particularly in areas where 
applicable regulations may be newer or unclear. In addition, regulatory authorities in all jurisdictions in which we conduct 
business may intervene in our business and we, and our employees, could be fined or otherwise disciplined for violations or 
prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities.

Our business also subjects us to the complex income and payroll tax laws of the national and local jurisdictions in which 
we have business operations, and these tax laws may be subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant 
governmental  taxing  authorities.  We  must  make  judgments  and  interpretations  about  the  application  of  these  inherently 
complex tax laws when determining the provision for income and other taxes. We are subject to contingent tax risk that could 
adversely affect our results of operations, to the extent that our interpretations of tax laws are disputed upon examination or 
audit, and are settled in amounts in excess of established reserves for such contingencies.

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The effort to combat money laundering also has become a high priority in governmental policy with respect to financial 
institutions.  The  obligation  of  financial  institutions,  including  ourselves,  to  identify  their  customers,  watch  for  and  report 
suspicious  transactions,  respond  to  requests  for  information  by  regulatory  authorities  and  law  enforcement  agencies,  and 
share  information  with  other  financial  institutions,  has  required  the  implementation  and  maintenance  of  internal  practices, 
procedures  and  controls  which  have  increased,  and  may  continue  to  increase,  our  costs.  Any  failure  with  respect  to  our 
programs in this area could subject us to serious regulatory consequences, including substantial fines, and potentially other 
liabilities. In addition, our international operations require compliance with anti-bribery laws, including the Foreign Corrupt 
Practices  Act  and  the  U.K.  Bribery  Act  2010.  These  laws  generally  prohibit  companies  and  their  intermediaries  from 
engaging in bribery or making other improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business 
or gaining an unfair business advantage. While our employees and agents are required to comply with these laws, we cannot 
ensure  that  our  internal  control  policies  and  procedures  will  always  protect  us  from  intentional,  reckless  or  negligent  acts 
committed by our employees or agents, which acts could subject our company to fines or other regulatory consequences that 
could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our results of operations.

Legislative  and  regulatory  proposals  could  significantly  curtail  the  revenue  from  certain  products  that  we  currently 
provide or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Proposed changes in laws or regulations relating to our business could decrease, perhaps significantly, the revenue that 
we receive from certain products or services that we provide, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations. Both the healthcare and financial services sectors are significant contributors to our overall results, and negative 
developments  in  either  of  these  sectors,  including  but  not  limited  to  negative  developments  that  result  from  legislative  or 
regulatory actions taken by the new U.S. presidential administration, could negatively affect our results of operations, even if 
general economic conditions were strong. 

The business operations that we conduct outside of the United States subject us to unique risks. 

When we conduct business outside the United States, we are subject to risks, including, without limitation, the risk that 
we will be unable to provide effective operational support to these business activities, the risk of noncompliance with foreign 
laws and regulations, and the general economic and political conditions in countries where we conduct business, which may 
differ significantly from those in the United States. For example, the effect of Brexit is still developing and could require us 
to obtain additional regulatory licenses or impose new restrictions on our ability to conduct business in Europe.

Regulatory capital requirements may limit our ability to expand or maintain our present levels of business or impair our 
ability to meet our financial obligations.

We are subject to the SEC's uniform net capital rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of FINRA, which may limit 
our  ability  to  make  withdrawals  of  capital  from  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.,  our  U.S.  broker  dealer  subsidiary.  The  uniform  net 
capital rule sets the minimum level of net capital a broker dealer must maintain and also requires that a portion of its assets be 
relatively liquid. FINRA may prohibit a member firm from expanding its business or paying cash dividends if resulting net 
capital  falls  below  its  requirements.  Underwriting  commitments  require  a  charge  against  net  capital  and,  accordingly,  our 
ability to make underwriting commitments may be limited by the requirement that we must at all times be in compliance with 
the applicable net capital regulations.

As Piper Sandler Companies is a holding company, it depends on dividends, distributions and other payments from our 
subsidiaries  to  fund  its  obligations.  The  regulatory  restrictions  described  above  may  impede  access  to  funds  our  holding 
company needs to make payments on any such obligations.

22

Other Risks to Our Shareholders

The following are additional risk factors that we have identified that could pose a material risk to us or our shareholders.

We  may  change  our  dividend  policy  at  any  time  and  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  we  will  continue  to  declare  cash 
dividends.

Our current dividend policy is to pay quarterly and annual cash dividends to our shareholders in order to return between 
30  percent  and  50  percent  of  our  adjusted  net  income  from  each  fiscal  year  to  shareholders.  Although  we  expect  to  pay 
dividends to our shareholders in accordance with our dividend policy, we have no obligation to pay any dividend, and our 
dividend policy may change at any time without notice. The declaration and payment of dividends is at the discretion of our 
board  of  directors  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  after  taking  into  account  various  factors,  including  our  financial 
condition,  operating  results,  current  and  anticipated  cash  needs  and  capital  uses,  limitations  imposed  by  our  indebtedness, 
legal requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. As a result, we may not pay dividends at any 
rate or at all.

Our  stock  price  may  fluctuate  as  a  result  of  several  factors,  including  but  not  limited  to,  changes  in  our  revenues, 
operating results, and return on equity.

We have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, fluctuations in the market price of our common stock due 
to  factors  that  relate  to  the  nature  of  our  business,  including  but  not  limited  to  changes  in  our  revenues,  operating  results, 
earnings per share, and return on equity. Our business, by its nature, does not produce steady and predictable earnings on a 
quarterly basis, which may cause fluctuations in our stock price that may be significant. Other factors that have affected, and 
may further affect, our stock price include changes in or news related to economic, political, or market events or conditions, 
changes in market conditions in the financial services industry, including developments in regulation affecting our business, a 
predominantly  passive  or  quantitative  shareholder  base  among  the  company's  top  twenty  shareholders,  failure  to  meet  the 
expectations of market analysts, changes in recommendations or outlooks by market analysts, and aggressive short selling.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and of Delaware 
law may prevent or delay an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the market value of our common stock.

Our  amended  and  restated  certificate  of  incorporation  and  amended  and  restated  bylaws  and  Delaware  law  contain 
provisions  that  are  intended  to  deter  abusive  takeover  tactics  by  making  them  unacceptably  expensive  to  the  raider  and  to 
encourage  prospective  acquirors  to  negotiate  with  our  board  of  directors  rather  than  to  attempt  a  hostile  takeover.  These 
provisions include limitations on our shareholders' ability to act by written consent and to call special meetings. Delaware law 
also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15 percent or more 
of  our  outstanding  common  stock.  We  believe  these  provisions  protect  our  shareholders  from  coercive  or  otherwise  unfair 
takeover  tactics  by  requiring  potential  acquirors  to  negotiate  with  our  board  of  directors  and  by  providing  our  board  of 
directors  with  more  time  to  assess  any  acquisition  proposal,  and  are  not  intended  to  make  our  company  immune  from 
takeovers. However, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could 
delay  or  prevent  an  acquisition  that  our  board  of  directors  determines  is  not  in  the  best  interests  of  our  company  and  our 
shareholders.

ITEM 1B.   UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2.     PROPERTIES.

As  of  February  19,  2021,  we  conducted  our  operations  through  63  principal  offices  in  30  states,  and  the  District  of 
Columbia, and in London, Aberdeen and Hong Kong. All of our offices are leased. Our principal executive office is located 
at  800  Nicollet  Mall,  Suite  900,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  55402  and,  as  of  February  19,  2021,  comprises  approximately 
124,000  square  feet  of  space  under  a  lease  which  expires  November  30,  2025,  with  an  early  termination  option  effective 
January 31, 2023.

23

ITEM 3.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

Due to the nature of our business, we are involved in a variety of legal proceedings. These proceedings include litigation, 
arbitration  and  regulatory  proceedings,  which  may  arise  from,  among  other  things,  underwriting  or  other  transactional 
activity,  client  account  activity,  employment  matters,  regulatory  examinations  of  our  businesses  and  investigations  of 
securities  industry  practices  by  governmental  agencies  and  SROs.  The  securities  industry  is  highly  regulated,  and  the 
regulatory  scrutiny  applied  to  securities  firms  is  intense,  resulting  in  a  significant  number  of  regulatory  investigations  and 
enforcement actions and uncertainty regarding the likely outcome of these matters. 

Litigation-related  expenses  include  amounts  we  reserve  and/or  pay  out  as  legal  and  regulatory  settlements,  awards  or 
judgments,  and  fines.  Parties  who  initiate  litigation  and  arbitration  proceedings  against  us  may  seek  substantial  or 
indeterminate  damages,  and  regulatory  investigations  can  result  in  substantial  fines  being  imposed  on  us.  We  reserve  for 
contingencies  related  to  legal  proceedings  at  the  time  and  to  the  extent  we  determine  the  amount  to  be  probable  and 
reasonably estimable. However, it is inherently difficult to predict accurately the timing and outcome of legal proceedings, 
including the amounts of any settlements, judgments or fines. We assess each proceeding based on its particular facts, our 
outside advisors' assessment and our past experience with similar matters, and expectations regarding the current legal and 
regulatory environment and other external developments that might affect the outcome of a particular proceeding or type of 
proceeding. Subject to the foregoing, we believe, based on our current knowledge, after appropriate consultation with outside 
legal  counsel  and  taking  into  account  our  established  reserves,  that  pending  legal  actions,  investigations  and  regulatory 
proceedings, will be resolved with no material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or 
cash  flows.  However,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  our  assessments  will  reflect  the  ultimate  outcome  of  pending 
proceedings,  and  the  outcome  of  any  particular  matter  may  be  material  to  our  operating  results  for  any  particular  period, 
depending, in part, on the operating results for that period and the amount of established reserves. Reasonably possible losses 
in  excess  of  amounts  accrued  at  December  31,  2020  are  not  material.  We  generally  have  denied,  or  believe  that  we  have 
meritorious defenses and will deny, liability in all significant cases currently pending against us, and we intend to vigorously 
defend such actions.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

24

ITEM 5.     MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND 

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PIPR." 

Shareholders

We  had  10,167  shareholders  of  record  and  approximately  30,137  beneficial  owners  of  our  common  stock  as  of 

February 19, 2021.

Dividend Policy

Our board of directors has approved a dividend policy with the intention of returning between 30 percent and 50 percent 
of  our  adjusted  net  income  from  the  previous  fiscal  year  to  shareholders.  This  includes  the  payment  of  a  quarterly  and  an 
annual special cash dividend, payable in the first quarter of each year. 

Our  board  of  directors  has  declared  a  special  cash  dividend  on  our  common  stock  of  $1.85  per  share  related  to  2020 
adjusted  net  income.  This  special  dividend  will  be  paid  on  March  12,  2021,  to  shareholders  of  record  as  of  the  close  of 
business on March 3, 2021. Including this special cash dividend and the regular quarterly dividends totaling $1.25 per share 
paid during 2020, we will have returned $3.10 per share, or approximately 31 percent of our fiscal year 2020 adjusted net 
income to shareholders. In addition, our board of directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of 
$0.40 per share to be paid on March 12, 2021, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 3, 2021. 

Our  board  of  directors  is  free  to  change  our  dividend  policy  at  any  time.  Restrictions  on  our  U.S.  broker  dealer 
subsidiary's ability to pay dividends are described in Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 
8 of this Form 10-K. 

Purchases of Equity Securities

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Piper Sandler Companies or 
any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act), of our common stock during the quarter 
ended December 31, 2020.

Period
Month #1

(October 1, 2020 to 
October 31, 2020).........

Month #2

(November 1, 2020 to 
November 30, 2020).....

Month #3

(December 1, 2020 to 
December 31, 2020).....

Total

Total Number of
Shares Purchased

Average Price
Paid per Share

Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs

Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares Yet to be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs (1)

— 

$ 

— 

2,637 

$ 

92.60 

— 

2,637 

$ 

$ 

— 

92.60 

— 

$ 

— 

$ 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

137 

137 

137 

137 

(1) Effective January 1, 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $150.0 million of common stock through December 31, 2021.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 
18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated 
by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph compares the performance of an investment in our common stock from December 31, 2015 through 
December 31, 2020, with the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Diversified Financials Index. The graph assumes $100 was 
invested on December 31, 2015, in each of our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Diversified Financials 
Index and that all dividends were reinvested on the date of payment without payment of any commissions. The performance 
shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future performance.

FIVE YEAR TOTAL RETURN FOR PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES COMMON STOCK,
THE S&P 500 INDEX AND THE S&P DIVERSIFIED FINANCIALS INDEX

Company/Index
Piper Sandler Companies.............
S&P 500 Index.............................
S&P 500 Diversified Financials...

12/31/2015
100 
$ 
100 
100 

12/31/2016
179.46 
$ 
111.96 
120.55 

12/31/2017
217.54 
$ 
136.40 
150.56 

12/31/2018
172.52 
$ 
130.42 
135.62 

12/31/2019
213.72 
$ 
171.49 
168.94 

12/31/2020
277.06 
$ 
203.04 
188.14 

ITEM 6.     SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. 

None.

26

PIPRS&P 500 IndexS&P 500 Diversified Financials12/31/201512/31/201612/31/201712/31/201812/31/201912/31/2020$0$50$100$150$200$250$300 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7.     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 

OPERATIONS.

The  following  information  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  accompanying  audited  consolidated  financial 
statements and related notes and exhibits included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Certain statements in this Form 10-K may be 
considered forward-looking. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Form 10-K for additional 
information regarding such statements and related risks and uncertainties. 

Item  7  in  this  Form  10-K  discusses  our  2020  and  2019  results  and  the  year-over-year  comparisons  between  2020  and 
2019.  Discussion  of  our  2018  results  and  the  year-over-year  comparisons  between  2019  and  2018  can  be  found  in 
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020.

Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We  have  included  financial  measures  that  are  not  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles ("GAAP"). These non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments to exclude (1) revenues and expenses related 
to  noncontrolling  interests,  (2)  interest  expense  on  long-term  financing  from  net  revenues,  (3)  amortization  of  intangible 
assets  related  to  acquisitions,  (4)  compensation  and  non-compensation  expenses  from  acquisition-related  agreements,  (5) 
acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs and (6) discontinued operations. The adjusted weighted average diluted 
shares  outstanding  used  in  the  calculation  of  non-GAAP  earnings  per  diluted  common  share  contains  an  adjustment  to 
include the common shares for unvested restricted stock awards with service conditions granted pursuant to the acquisitions 
of SOP Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries, including Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. (collectively, "Sandler O'Neill") and 
The  Valence  Group  ("Valence").  These  adjustments  affect  the  following  financial  measures:  net  revenues,  compensation 
expenses, non-compensation expenses, income tax expense, net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies, earnings per 
diluted common share, non-interest expenses, pre-tax income and pre-tax margin. Management believes that presenting these 
results  and  measures  on  an  adjusted  basis  in  conjunction  with  the  corresponding  U.S.  GAAP  measures  provides  the  most 
meaningful basis for comparison of our operating results across periods and enhances the overall understanding of our current 
financial  performance  by  excluding  certain  items  that  may  not  be  indicative  of  our  core  operating  results.  The  non-GAAP 
financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, measures of financial performance prepared in 
accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

Executive Overview

Overview  of  Operations  –  Our  continuing  operations  principally  consist  of  providing  investment  banking  and 
institutional  brokerage  services  to  corporations,  private  equity  groups,  public  entities,  non-profit  entities  and  institutional 
investors in the United States and Europe. We operate through one reportable business segment.

Investment banking services include financial advisory services, management of and participation in underwritings and 
municipal financing activities. Revenues are generated through the receipt of advisory and financing fees. Institutional sales, 
trading and research services focus on the trading of equity and fixed income products with institutions, government and non-
profit entities. Revenues are generated through commissions and sales credits earned on equity and fixed income institutional 
sales activities, net interest revenues on trading securities held in inventory, profits and losses from trading these securities, 
and  research  checks  as  clients  pay  us  for  research  services  and  corporate  access  offerings.  Also,  we  have  historically 
generated revenue through strategic trading activities, which focused on investments in municipal bonds; however, we ceased 
these activities in the first half of 2020. In order to invest firm capital and to manage capital from outside investors, we have 
created  alternative  asset  management  funds  in  merchant  banking,  which  involve  equity  investments  in  late  stage  private 
companies, and in the energy sector, whose principal activity is to invest in oil and gas services companies headquartered in 
Europe. We receive management and performance fees for managing these funds, as well as investment gains and losses.

Discontinued  Operations  –  Discontinued  operations  includes  the  operating  results  of  ARI,  our  traditional  asset 
management  subsidiary  which  we  sold  in  the  third  quarter  of  2019.  See  Note  5  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements 
included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of our discontinued operations.

27

Our  Business  Strategy  –  Our  long-term  strategic  objectives  are  to  drive  revenue  growth,  build  a  stronger  and  more 
durable platform, continue to gain market share, and maximize shareholder value. In order to meet these objectives, we are 
focused on the following:

•

•

•

•

Continuing to transform our business through strategic investments and selectively adding partners who share our client-
centric culture and who can leverage our platform to better serve clients;

Growing  our  investment  banking  platform  through  market  share  gains,  accretive  combinations,  developing  internal 
talent,  and  continued  sector  and  geographic  expansion.  We  also  believe  there  is  an  opportunity  to  capitalize  on  the 
strength of our U.S. franchises by expanding in Europe;

Leveraging the scale within the equity brokerage and fixed income services platforms, driven by our recently expanded 
client base and product offerings, to grow market share; and

Prudently managing capital to maintain our balance sheet strength with ample liquidity and flexibility through all market 
conditions.

Strategic  Activities  –  During  2019  and  2020,  we  took  the  following  important  steps  in  the  execution  of  our  business 

strategy. 

•

•

•

•

On  December  31,  2020,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  TRS  Advisors  LLC  ("TRS"),  an  advisory  firm  offering 
restructuring  and  reorganization  services  to  companies  in  public,  private  and  governmental  settings.  The  transaction 
expands the scale of our restructuring advisory business.

On  April  3,  2020,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  Valence,  an  investment  bank  offering  mergers  and  acquisitions 
advisory services to companies and financial sponsors with a focus on the chemicals, materials and related sectors. The 
transaction adds a new industry sector and expands our presence in Europe. 

On January 3, 2020, we completed the acquisition of Sandler O'Neill, a full-service investment banking firm and broker 
dealer focused on the financial services industry. The acquisition of Sandler O'Neill is accretive to our advisory services 
revenues,  diversifies  and  enhances  scale  in  corporate  financings,  adds  a  differentiated  fixed  income  services  business, 
and increases scale in our equity brokerage business.

On August 2, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Weeden & Co. L.P. ("Weeden & Co."). Weeden & Co. is a broker 
dealer focused on providing institutional clients with global trading solutions, specializing in best execution through the 
use  of  high-touch,  low-touch  and  program  trading  capabilities.  The  transaction  added  enhanced  trade  execution 
capabilities and scale to our equity brokerage business.

28

Financial Highlights

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
U.S. GAAP

Net revenues.......................................................................................
Compensation and benefits.................................................................
Non-compensation expenses..............................................................
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense........
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies...........................
Earnings per diluted common share...................................................

Ratios and margin
  Compensation ratio.........................................................................
  Non-compensation ratio..................................................................
  Pre-tax margin.................................................................................

Non-GAAP (1)

Adjusted net revenues.........................................................................
Adjusted compensation and benefits..................................................
Adjusted non-compensation expenses................................................
Adjusted operating income.................................................................
Adjusted net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies............
Adjusted earnings per diluted common share.....................................

Adjusted ratios and margin
Adjusted compensation ratio............................................................
Adjusted non-compensation ratio.....................................................
Adjusted operating margin................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

See the "Results of Operations" section for additional information.

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

1,238,213 
877,462 
292,203 
68,548 
40,504 
2.72 

 70.9 %
 23.6 %
 5.5 %

1,234,960 
764,066 
220,606 
250,288 
177,555 
10.02 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

 61.9 %
 17.9 %
 20.3 %

834,566 
516,090 
199,497 
118,979 
111,711 
7.69 

 61.8 %
 23.9 %
 14.3 %

825,645 
510,952 
176,458 
138,235 
106,197 
7.36 

 61.9 %
 21.4 %
 16.7 %

2020
v2019

 48.4 %
 70.0 
 46.5 
 (42.4) 
 (63.7) 
 (64.6) 

 49.6 %
 49.5 
 25.0 
 81.1 
 67.2 
 36.1 

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)   Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP to adjusted non-GAAP financial information

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 Net revenues:

Net revenues – U.S. GAAP basis...................................................................................................................
Adjustments:

Revenue related to noncontrolling interests................................................................................................
Interest expense on long-term financing......................................................................................................
Adjusted net revenues....................................................................................................................................

Compensation and benefits:

Compensation and benefits – U.S. GAAP basis.............................................................................................
Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements...................................................................................
Adjusted compensation and benefits..............................................................................................................

Non-compensation expenses:

Non-compensation expenses – U.S. GAAP basis...........................................................................................
Adjustments:

Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs..............................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions............................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements............................................................
Adjusted non-compensation expenses............................................................................................................

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense:

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense – U.S. GAAP basis....................................
Adjustments:

Revenue related to noncontrolling interests................................................................................................
Interest expense on long-term financing......................................................................................................
Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests................................................................
Compensation from acquisition-related agreements...................................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs..............................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions............................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements............................................................
Adjusted operating income............................................................................................................................
Interest expense on long-term financing......................................................................................................
Adjusted income before adjusted income tax expense...................................................................................

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies:

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies – U.S. GAAP basis......................................................
Adjustment to exclude net income from discontinued operations..................................................................
Net income from continuing operations.........................................................................................................
 Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements...................................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs..............................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions............................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements............................................................
Adjusted net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies.......................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020

1,238,213 

$ 

834,566 

(12,881) 
9,628 
1,234,960 

$ 

(10,769) 
1,848 
825,645 

877,462 

$ 

516,090 

(113,396) 
764,066 

$ 

(5,138) 
510,952 

292,203 

$ 

199,497 

(4,029) 
(10,755) 
(44,728) 
(12,085) 
220,606 

$ 

(4,306) 
(14,321) 
(4,298) 
(114) 
176,458 

68,548 

$ 

118,979 

(12,881) 
9,628 
4,029 
113,396 
10,755 
44,728 
12,085 
250,288 
(9,628) 
240,660 

40,504 
— 
40,504 

85,940 
8,712 
33,383 
9,016 
177,555 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(10,769) 
1,848 
4,306 
5,138 
14,321 
4,298 
114 
138,235 
(1,848) 
136,387 

111,711 
23,772 
87,939 

4,124 
10,770 
3,250 
114 
106,197 

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Earnings per diluted common share:

Earnings per diluted common share – U.S. GAAP basis...............................................................................
Adjustment to exclude net income from discontinued operations..................................................................
Income from continuing operations...............................................................................................................
Adjustment for inclusion of unvested acquisition-related stock....................................................................
Adjustment related to participating shares (2)..............................................................................................

Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements...................................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs..............................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions............................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements............................................................
Adjusted earnings per diluted common share................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding:

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding – U.S. GAAP basis.................................................
Adjustment:

Unvested acquisition-related restricted stock with service conditions........................................................
Adjusted weighted average diluted common shares outstanding..................................................................

Year Ended December 31,
2019
2020

2.72 
— 
2.72 
(1.89) 
— 
0.83 

5.76 
0.58 
2.24 
0.61 
10.02 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

14,901 

2,814 
17,715 

7.69 
1.65 
6.05 
— 
0.04 
6.09 

0.29 
0.75 
0.23 
0.01 
7.36 

13,937 

— 
13,937 

(2)   A non-GAAP measure for which the adjustment related to participating shares excludes the impact of the annual special cash dividend paid in the first 

quarter.

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Market Data

The following table provides a summary of relevant market data over the past three years.

Year Ended
S&P 500 (a)..............................................................................
Nasdaq (a).................................................................................
Mergers and Acquisitions - Middle Market

2020
  3,756 
 12,888 

2019
  3,231 
  8,973 

2018
  2,507 
  6,635 

2020
v2019

 16.2 %
 43.6 %

2019
v2018

 28.9 %
 35.2 %

(number of transactions in U.S.) (b).......................................

  2,971 

  3,009 

  3,051 

 (1.3) %

 (1.4) %

Public Equity Offerings

(number of transactions in U.S.) (c).......................................

  1,285 

Initial Public Offerings

(number of transactions in U.S.) (d).......................................

436 

U.S. Equity Capital Markets Fee Pool - Sub-$5 billion

887 

206 

979 

 44.9 %

 (9.4) %

226 

 111.7 %

 (8.8) %

(dollars in millions) (e)...........................................................

$ 9,014 

$ 4,379 

$ 5,009 

 105.8 %

 (12.6) %

Municipal Negotiated Issuances

(number of transactions in U.S.) (f)........................................

  8,861 

  7,505 

  5,872 

 18.1 %

 27.8 %

Municipal Negotiated Issuances

(value of transactions in billions in U.S.) (f)..........................
Average CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)....................................
NYSE Average Daily Number of Shares Traded

$  390 
29 

$  327 
15 

$  264 
17 

 19.2 %
 93.3 %

 23.9 %
 (11.8) %

(millions of shares).................................................................

  2,402 

  1,690 

  1,708 

 42.1 %

 (1.1) %

Nasdaq Average Daily Number of Shares Traded 

(millions of shares).................................................................
10-Year Treasury Average Rate...............................................
3-Month Treasury Average Rate..............................................
Average 10-Year Municipal-Treasury Ratio (g).......................

  2,010 

  1,381 

  1,428 

 0.81 %
 0.25 %

  1.22 

 2.14 %
 2.11 %
0.79 

 2.91 %
 1.97 %
0.85 

 45.5 %
 (62.1) %
 (88.2) %
 54.4 %

 (3.3) %
 (26.5) %
 7.1 %
 (7.1) %

(a) Data provided is at period end.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Source: Refinitiv (transactions with reported deal value between $100 million and $1 billion and transactions with an undisclosed deal value that had 
a financial advisor).

Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler Equity Capital Markets (IPOs, follow-on offerings and convertible offerings with reported deal value greater than 
$10 million).

Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler Equity Capital Markets (offerings with reported deal value greater than $10 million).

Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler Equity Capital Markets (IPOs, follow-on offerings and convertible offerings with deal values greater than $10 
million  and  PIPEs/RDs  greater  than  $5  million  for  sub-$5  billion  market  cap  issuers;  SPAC  IPO  fees  are  represented  as  the  standard  two  percent 
upfront fee unless noted differently on the IPO cover).

(f)

Source: Refinitiv (sole/senior negotiated and private placement transactions).

(g) Calculated based on the 10-year Municipal Market Data (MMD) index rate divided by the 10-year treasury rate.

External Factors Impacting Our Business

Performance  in  the  financial  services  industry  in  which  we  operate  is  highly  correlated  to  the  overall  strength  of 
economic  conditions  and  financial  market  activity.  Overall  market  conditions  are  a  product  of  many  factors,  which  are 
beyond  our  control,  often  unpredictable  and  at  times  inherently  volatile.  These  factors  may  affect  the  financial  decisions 
made  by  investors,  including  their  level  of  participation  in  the  financial  markets.  In  turn,  these  decisions  may  affect  our 
business results. With respect to financial market activity, our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the 
demand  for  investment  banking  services  as  reflected  by  the  number  and  size  of  advisory  transactions,  equity  and  debt 
corporate  financings,  and  municipal  financings;  the  relative  level  of  volatility  of  the  equity  and  fixed  income  markets; 
changes  in  interest  rates  and  credit  spreads  (especially  rapid  and  extreme  changes);  overall  market  liquidity;  the  level  and 
shape of various yield curves; the volume and value of trading in securities; and overall equity valuations.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Factors  that  differentiate  our  business  within  the  financial  services  industry  also  may  affect  our  financial  results.  For 
example, our capital markets business focuses on specific industry sectors while serving principally middle-market clientele. 
If the business environment for our focus sectors is impacted adversely, our business and results of operations could reflect 
these impacts. In addition, our business, with its specific areas of focus and investment, may not track overall market trends. 
Given the variability of the capital markets and securities businesses, our earnings may fluctuate significantly from period to 
period, and results for any individual period should not be considered indicative of future results.

Outlook for 2021

On  March  11,  2020,  the  World  Health  Organization  characterized  the  COVID-19  outbreak  as  a  global  pandemic.  The 
COVID-19 pandemic has affected major economic and financial markets, and businesses and governments continue to face 
challenges  associated  with  the  economic  conditions  resulting  from  efforts  to  address  it.  Global  macroeconomic  conditions 
have  been  significantly  impacted  by  the  government-mandated  closure  of  businesses  and  the  subsequent  reopening  of  the 
economy  with  new  protocols  for  social  interaction,  supply  chain  and  production  disruptions,  job  losses,  reduced  consumer 
spending and sentiment, and a myriad of other factors. 

The U.S. federal government passed legislation in the first and fourth quarters of 2020 attempting to mitigate some of the 
economic hardship caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the potential for additional legislation and stimulus measures in 
2021.  The  U.S.  Federal  Reserve  took  extraordinary  steps  in  2020  to  provide  liquidity  in  the  financial  markets,  including 
cutting  the  short-term  benchmark  interest  rate  to  zero  and  launching  a  new  round  of  quantitative  easing.  After  historic 
volatility  in  the  first  quarter  of  2020,  equity  markets  rebounded  and  fixed  income  markets  stabilized,  aided  by  the  record 
levels of federal monetary and fiscal support. In the third quarter of 2020, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced it would keep 
the benchmark interest rate at its current low level for an extended period of time, and maintained their quantitative easing 
measures.

After the unprecedented shock to the economy in 2020 from COVID-19, we expect the economy to improve in 2021, 
likely  weighted  towards  the  second  half  of  the  year.  However,  economic  recovery  and  growth  will  be  dependent  on  the 
trajectory  of  vaccine  distribution  and  administration.  The  results  of  the  recent  U.S.  elections  will  also  influence  future 
legislative actions and policies which, in part, may impact economic growth. Geopolitical and macroeconomic risks, such as 
uncertainties surrounding trade policy and other global economic conditions, remain in the background and will continue to 
have an ongoing impact to the U.S. and global economy.

Market conditions continued to be favorable for corporate capital raising in the fourth quarter of 2020 driven by strong 
investor demand and market valuations. We believe equity and debt capital raising activity will remain strong in 2021 albeit 
at reduced levels from 2020.

Advisory  services  revenues  rebounded  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2020  from  the  trough  we  experienced  during  the  third 
quarter of 2020. Advisory services activity is benefiting from increased CEO confidence and more clarity on a post-pandemic 
outlook.  Market  conditions  remain  conducive  for  activity  in  the  middle  market  due  to  attractive  valuations,  low  financing 
rates and an expectation of continued economic growth. Our pipeline is strong across our industry verticals.

In our equity brokerage business, revenues for 2020 reflected substantially increased levels of volatility and volumes. We 
believe our equity brokerage revenues will decline in 2021 as institutional trading volumes moderate from the elevated 2020 
levels. We also expect the equity brokerage fee pool will be down in 2021.

The actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve to inject liquidity into the financial markets and to keep interest rates low 
allowed for stability in the fixed income markets after the first quarter of 2020. We anticipate less volatility in 2021 which 
will reduce volumes and commission spreads. We will continue to provide our clients with differentiated advice and analytics 
on repositioning balance sheets, maximizing yields and managing risk in the current market environment.

Our  public  finance  underwriting  business  benefited  from  market  stability,  low  yields,  robust  refinancing  activity  and 
strong investor demand in 2020. We believe that market issuance volumes in 2021 will moderate from the record levels in 
2020, especially within the governmental space. Revenues from higher-yielding municipal offerings should increase as high 
yield investor demand has improved meaningfully. Issuer capital needs, interest rate yields, rate stability and client demand 
will continue to be the principal drivers of the level of municipal finance activity going forward. 

33

Results of Operations

Financial Summary

The following table provides a summary of the results of our operations on a U.S. GAAP basis and the results of our 

operations as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

2020
v2019

2019
v2018

As a Percentage of
Net Revenues for the
Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

(Amounts in thousands)
Revenues:

Investment banking.............................
Institutional brokerage.........................
Interest income....................................
Investment income..............................
Total revenues...................................

$ 858,476  $ 629,392  $  588,978 
  124,738 
  167,891 
  357,753 
32,749 
26,741 
13,164 
11,039 
22,275 
23,265 
  757,504 
  846,299 
 1,252,658 

 36.4 %
 113.1 
 (50.8) 
 4.4 
 48.0 

 6.9 %
 34.6 
 (18.3) 
 101.8 
 11.7 

 69.3 %  75.4 %  79.5 %
 20.1 
 28.9 
 3.2 
 1.1 
 2.7 
 1.9 
 101.4 
 101.2 

 16.8 
 4.4 
 1.5 
 102.2 

Interest expense...................................

14,445 

11,733 

16,551 

 23.1 

 (29.1) 

 1.2 

 1.4 

 2.2 

Net revenues......................................

 1,238,213 

  834,566 

  740,953 

 48.4 

 12.6 

 100.0 

 100.0 

 100.0 

Non-interest expenses:

Compensation and benefits.................
Outside services...................................
Occupancy and equipment..................
Communications..................................
Marketing and business     
development......................................
Deal-related expenses..........................
Trade execution and clearance............
Restructuring and integration costs.....
Intangible asset amortization...............
Other operating expenses....................
Total non-interest expenses...............

  877,462 
38,377 
54,007 
44,358 

  516,090 
36,184 
36,795 
30,760 

  488,487 
36,528 
34,194 
28,656 

13,472 
38,072 
18,934 
10,755 
44,728 
29,500 
 1,169,665 

28,780 
25,823 
10,186 
14,321 
4,298 
12,350 
  715,587 

26,936 
25,120 
8,014 
3,498 
4,858 
12,173 
  668,464 

 70.0 
 6.1 
 46.8 
 44.2 

 (53.2) 
 47.4 
 85.9 
 (24.9) 
 940.7 
 138.9 
 63.5 

 5.7 
 (0.9) 
 7.6 
 7.3 

 6.8 
 2.8 
 27.1 
 309.4 
 (11.5) 
 1.5 
 7.0 

Income from continuing operations 
before income tax expense ................

68,548 

  118,979 

72,489 

 (42.4) 

 64.1 

Income tax expense.............................

19,192 

24,577 

18,046 

 (21.9) 

 36.2 

Income from continuing operations ...

49,356 

94,402 

54,443 

 (47.7) 

 73.4 

Discontinued operations:

Income from discontinued operations, 
net of tax............................................

— 

23,772 

1,387 

N/M

N/M

Net income ............................................

49,356 

  118,174 

55,830 

 (58.2) 

 111.7 

 70.9 
 3.1 
 4.4 
 3.6 

 1.1 
 3.1 
 1.5 
 0.9 
 3.6 
 2.4 
 94.5 

 5.5 

 1.5 

 4.0 

 — 

 4.0 

 61.8 
 4.3 
 4.4 
 3.7 

 3.4 
 3.1 
 1.2 
 1.7 
 0.5 
 1.5 
 85.7 

 14.3 

 2.9 

 11.3 

 2.8 

 14.2 

 65.9 
 4.9 
 4.6 
 3.9 

 3.6 
 3.4 
 1.1 
 0.5 
 0.7 
 1.6 
 90.2 

 9.8 

 2.4 

 7.3 

 0.2 

 7.5 

Net income/(loss) applicable to 
noncontrolling interests.....................

Net income applicable to Piper 
Sandler Companies ...........................

N/M — Not meaningful

8,852 

6,463 

(1,206) 

 37.0 

N/M

 0.7 

 0.8 

 (0.2) 

$  40,504  $ 111,711  $  57,036 

 (63.7) %

 95.9 %

 3.3 %  13.4 %

 7.7 %

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded net income from continuing operations applicable to Piper Sandler 
Companies of $40.5 million. Net revenues from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased 48.4 
percent to $1.24 billion, compared with $834.6 million in the year-ago period, driven by record corporate financing revenues. 
Additionally, the acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill and Weeden & Co. have provided increased diversification and scale to our 
platform. In 2020, investment banking revenues increased 36.4 percent to $858.5 million, compared with $629.4 million in 
2019,  due  to  significantly  higher  corporate  financing  revenues,  as  well  as  increased  municipal  financing  revenues.  For  the 
year  ended  December  31,  2020,  institutional  brokerage  revenues  were  $357.8  million,  up  113.1  percent  compared  with 
$167.9 million in 2019. The increase was due to the acquisitions of Weeden & Co. and Sandler O'Neill, as well as higher 
volatility in the financial markets, particularly in the first quarter of 2020, which drove higher trading volumes. In 2020, net 
interest expense was $1.3 million, compared to net interest income of $15.0 million in 2019. Net interest expense resulted 
from a decline in interest income on our long inventory positions combined with incremental interest expense on our long-
term  financing  arrangements,  which  consist  of  our  fixed  rate  senior  notes  issued  on  October  15,  2019,  and  the  unsecured 
promissory  notes  we  entered  into  on  April  3,  2020  to  fund  a  portion  of  the  Valence  purchase  price.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, investment income was $23.3 million, compared with $22.3 million in 2019. In 2020, we recorded lower 
gains  on  our  investment  and  the  noncontrolling  interests  in  the  merchant  banking  funds  that  we  manage  which  were  more 
than  offset  by  higher  gains  on  our  other  firm  investments.  Non-interest  expenses  from  continuing  operations  were 
$1.17  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  up  63.5  percent  compared  with  $715.6  million  in  the  prior  year, 
primarily due to higher compensation and non-compensation expenses resulting from our recent acquisitions. 

Consolidated Non-Interest Expenses from Continuing Operations

Compensation  and  Benefits  –  Compensation  and  benefits  expenses,  which  are  the  largest  component  of  our  expenses, 
include salaries, incentive compensation, benefits, stock-based compensation, employment taxes, income associated with the 
forfeiture of stock-based compensation and other employee-related costs. A significant portion of compensation expense is 
comprised  of  variable  incentive  arrangements,  including  discretionary  incentive  compensation,  the  amount  of  which 
fluctuates  in  proportion  to  the  level  of  business  activity,  increasing  with  higher  revenues  and  operating  profits.  Other 
compensation  costs,  primarily  base  salaries  and  benefits,  are  more  fixed  in  nature.  The  timing  of  incentive  compensation 
payments, which generally occur in February, has a greater impact on our cash position and liquidity than is reflected on our 
consolidated  statements  of  operations.  We  have  granted  restricted  stock  and  restricted  cash  with  service  conditions  as  a 
component of our acquisition deal consideration, which is amortized to compensation expense over the service period.

The following table summarizes our future acquisition-related compensation expense for restricted stock and restricted 

cash with service conditions, as well as amounts estimated to be paid under earnout arrangements:

(Amounts in thousands)
2021.............................................................................................................................................................
2022.............................................................................................................................................................
2023.............................................................................................................................................................
2024.............................................................................................................................................................
2025.............................................................................................................................................................
Total..........................................................................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

93,707 
80,019 
29,997 
22,041 
5,295 
231,059 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  compensation  and  benefits  expenses  increased  70.0  percent  to  $877.5  million 
from  $516.1  million  in  2019.  The  increase  in  compensation  and  benefits  expenses  was  driven  by  increased  revenues  and 
incremental  headcount  from  the  acquisitions  of  Sandler  O'Neill  and  Valence,  along  with  higher  acquisition-related 
compensation  related  to  restricted  consideration  and  retention  awards  associated  with  these  acquisitions.  We  also  recorded 
additional compensation expense for an earnout associated with the acquisition of Weeden & Co. related to our expectations 
of  achieving  a  net  revenue  target,  as  our  equity  brokerage  business  is  outperforming  initial  projections.  Compensation  and 
benefits  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  net  revenues  was  70.9  percent  in  2020,  compared  with  61.8  percent  in  2019.  The 
compensation ratio was impacted by increased acquisition-related compensation related to our recent acquisitions.

Outside Services – Outside services expenses include securities processing expenses, outsourced technology functions, 
outside legal fees, fund expenses associated with our consolidated alternative asset management funds and other professional 
fees.  Outside  services  expenses  were  $38.4  million  in  2020,  up  6.1  percent  compared  with  $36.2  million  in  2019.  The 
increase was due to incremental expenses related to the acquisition of Sandler O'Neill.

35

 
 
 
 
Occupancy and Equipment – For the year ended December 31, 2020, occupancy and equipment expenses increased 46.8 
percent to $54.0 million, compared with $36.8 million in 2019. The increase was primarily the result of incremental expenses 
related to our recent acquisitions.

Communications  –  Communication  expenses  include  costs  for  telecommunication  and  data  communication,  primarily 
consisting  of  expenses  for  obtaining  third  party  market  data  information.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, 
communication expenses increased 44.2 percent to $44.4 million, compared with $30.8 million for the year ended December 
31, 2019 due to higher market data services expenses resulting from incremental headcount related to our recent acquisitions.

Marketing and Business Development – Marketing and business development expenses include travel and entertainment 
costs,  advertising  and  third  party  marketing  fees.  In  2020,  marketing  and  business  development  expenses  decreased  53.2 
percent to $13.5 million, compared with $28.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was driven by 
lower travel and entertainment costs related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We anticipate that travel will begin to resume in the 
second half of 2021, resulting in increased travel and entertainment costs compared to 2020.

Deal-Related  Expenses  –  Deal-related  expenses  include  costs  we  incurred  over  the  course  of  a  completed  investment 
banking deal, which primarily consist of legal fees, offering expenses, and travel and entertainment costs. For the year ended 
December 31, 2020, deal-related expenses increased 47.4 percent to $38.1 million, compared with $25.8 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2019. The amount of deal-related expenses is principally dependent on the level of deal activity and may 
vary from period to period as the recognition of deal-related costs typically coincides with the closing of a transaction. We 
closed on a record number of equity financing transactions in 2020, which resulted in higher deal-related expenses.

Trade Execution and Clearance – For the year ended December 31, 2020, trade execution and clearance expenses were 
$18.9  million,  compared  with  $10.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019.  The  increase  in  trade  execution  and 
clearance expenses was reflective of higher trading volumes.

Restructuring  and  Integration  Costs  –  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  we  incurred  acquisition-related 
restructuring and integration costs of $10.8 million. The expenses consisted of $4.4 million of transaction costs related to our 
recent acquisitions, $3.0 million of severance benefits, $0.9 million of contract termination costs and $2.5 million for vacated 
leased office space. 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  we  incurred  acquisition-related  restructuring  and  integration  costs  of 
$14.3 million related to the acquisitions of Weeden & Co. and Sandler O'Neill. The expenses consisted of $6.9 million of 
professional fees related to the transactions, $2.9 million of severance benefits, $2.8 million of contract termination costs and 
$1.7 million for vacated leased office space. 

Intangible Asset Amortization – Intangible asset amortization includes the amortization of definite-lived intangible assets 
consisting  of  customer  relationships,  internally  developed  software  and  the  trade  name  that  we  acquired  from  Simmons  & 
Company  International  ("Simmons").  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  intangible  asset  amortization  was 
$44.7  million,  compared  with  $4.3  million  in  2019.  The  increase  was  due  to  incremental  intangible  asset  amortization 
expense  related  to  identifiable  intangible  assets  associated  with  the  acquisitions  of  Sandler  O'Neill  and  Valence  and  a  full 
year of intangible asset amortization expense related to Weeden & Co. In 2021, we anticipate incurring additional intangible 
asset amortization expense related to the acquisition of TRS and a full year of intangible asset amortization expense related to 
the acquisition of Valence.

Other  Operating  Expenses  –  Other  operating  expenses  include  insurance  costs,  license  and  registration  fees,  expenses 
related to our charitable giving program and litigation-related expenses, which consist of the amounts we reserve and/or pay 
out  related  to  legal  and  regulatory  matters.  Other  operating  expenses  were  $29.5  million  in  2020,  compared  with 
$12.4 million in 2019. In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a $12.1 million fair value adjustment related to the earnout for 
former  Weeden  &  Co.  equity  owners  who  did  not  transition  to  our  platform.  We  recorded  the  full  value  of  the  projected 
earnout as the non-employee equity owners do not have service requirements. The increase was also due to higher expense 
related to our charitable giving program.

36

Income Taxes – For the year ended December 31, 2020, our provision for income taxes was $19.2 million. Excluding the 
impact of noncontrolling interests, our effective tax rate was 32.1 percent, which was driven by the impact of non-deductible 
covered employee compensation expense, partially offset by $2.4 million of income tax benefits related to the tax provisions 
in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, our provision for income taxes was $24.6 million, which included a $5.1 million 
tax benefit related to stock-based compensation awards vesting at values greater than the grant price. Excluding the impact of 
this benefit and noncontrolling interests, our effective tax rate was 26.4 percent.

Financial Performance from Continuing Operations

Our activities as an investment bank and institutional securities firm constitute a single business segment.

Throughout this section, we have presented results on both a U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP basis. Management believes 
that  presenting  results  and  measures  on  an  adjusted,  non-GAAP  basis  in  conjunction  with  the  corresponding  U.S.  GAAP 
measures provides a more meaningful basis for comparison of its operating results and underlying trends between periods, 
and  enhances  the  overall  understanding  of  our  current  financial  performance  by  excluding  certain  items  that  may  not  be 
indicative of our core operating results. The non-GAAP results should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, the 
results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

The adjusted financial results exclude (1) revenues and expenses related to noncontrolling interests, (2) interest expense 
on long-term financing from net revenues, (3) amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions, (4) compensation and 
non-compensation  expenses  from  acquisition-related  agreements  and  (5)  acquisition-related  restructuring  and  integration 
costs. For U.S. GAAP purposes, these items are included in each of their respective line items on the consolidated statements 
of operations.

Adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin present the results of operations excluding the impact resulting 
from the consolidation of noncontrolling interests in alternative asset management funds. Consolidation of these funds results 
in the inclusion of the proportionate share of the income or loss attributable to the equity interests in consolidated funds that 
are not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to us (i.e., noncontrolling interests). This proportionate share is reflected in 
net income/(loss) applicable to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, and has 
no  effect  on  our  overall  financial  performance,  as  ultimately,  this  income  or  loss  is  not  income  or  loss  for  us.  Included  in 
adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin is the actual proportionate share of the income or loss attributable to 
us as an investor in such funds. 

The  adjusted,  non-GAAP  financial  results  also  exclude  amortization  of  intangible  assets  and  compensation  and  non-
compensation  expenses  from  acquisition-related  agreements.  These  amounts  are  excluded  on  a  non-GAAP  basis  as  they 
represent expenses specifically related to acquisitions that will eventually be fully amortized and therefore not part of our on-
going  operations.  The  acquisition-related  restructuring  and  integration  costs  excluded  from  the  adjusted  financial  results 
represent charges that resulted from severance benefits, contract termination costs, vacating redundant leased office space and 
professional fees related to the respective transactions. These restructuring and integration costs are excluded from our non-
GAAP financial measures as they relate to acquisitions and excluding these amounts provides a better understanding of our 
core  non-compensation  expenses.  Interest  expense  on  long-term  financing  is  an  adjustment  from  net  revenues  as  these 
arrangements were used to fund the Sandler O'Neill and Valence acquisitions. Management believes that presenting adjusted 
financial  results  excluding  the  acquisition-related  amounts  provides  clarity  on  the  financial  results  generated  by  the  core 
operating components of our business. 

37

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  adjusted,  non-GAAP  financial  results  and  adjustments  necessary  to  reconcile  to  our 

consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results for the periods presented: 

Year Ended December 31,

2020

Adjustments (1)

2019

Adjustments (1)

(Amounts in thousands)

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Investment banking

Advisory services...........

$ 443,327 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 443,327 

$ 440,695 

$ 

—  $ 

Corporate financing........

Municipal financing.......

  295,333 

  119,816 

Total investment banking...

  858,476 

Institutional brokerage:

Equity brokerage............

Fixed income services....

  161,445 

  196,308 

Total institutional 

brokerage........................

  357,753 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  295,333 

  105,256 

  119,816 

  83,441 

— 

  858,476 

  629,392 

— 

— 

  161,445 

  87,555 

  196,308 

  80,336 

— 

  357,753 

  167,891 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—  $ 440,695 

— 

— 

  105,256 

  83,441 

— 

  629,392 

— 

— 

  87,555 

  80,336 

— 

  167,891 

— 
— 

  26,741 
  22,275 

Interest income..................

Investment income.............

  13,164 
  10,384 

Total revenues...................

 1,239,777 

— 
12,881 

12,881 

— 
— 

  13,164 
  23,265 

  26,741 
  11,506 

— 
10,769 

— 

 1,252,658 

  835,530 

10,769 

  846,299 

Interest expense.................

4,817 

— 

9,628 

  14,445 

9,885 

— 

1,848 

  11,733 

Net revenues......................

 1,234,960 

12,881 

(9,628) 

 1,238,213 

  825,645 

10,769 

(1,848) 

  834,566 

Non-interest expenses........

  984,672 

4,029 

180,964 

 1,169,665 

  687,410 

4,306 

23,871 

  715,587 

Pre-tax income...................

$ 250,288 

$ 

8,852  $ 

(190,592)  $  68,548 

$ 138,235 

$ 

6,463  $ 

(25,719)  $ 118,979 

Pre-tax margin...................

 20.3 %

 5.5 %

 16.7 %

 14.3 %

(1)   The following is a summary of the adjustments needed to reconcile our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results to the adjusted, non-GAAP financial 

results: 

Noncontrolling interests – The impacts of consolidating noncontrolling interests in our alternative asset management funds are not included in our 
adjusted financial results. 

Other adjustments – The following items are not included in our adjusted financial results:

(Amounts in thousands)
Interest expense on long-term financing..........................................................................................................

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

$ 

9,628 

$ 

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements.......................................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs..................................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions................................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements.................................................................

113,396 
10,755 
44,728 
12,085 
180,964 

1,848 

5,138 
14,321 
4,298 
114 
23,871 

Total other adjustments...................................................................................................................................

$ 

190,592 

$ 

25,719 

Net  revenues  on  a  U.S.  GAAP  basis  increased  48.4  percent  to  $1.24  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020, 
compared with $834.6 million in the prior-year period. For the year ended December 31, 2020, adjusted net revenues were 
$1.23  billion  compared  with  $825.6  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019.  The  variance  explanations  for  net 
revenues and adjusted net revenues are consistent on both a U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP basis unless stated otherwise.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking revenues comprise all of the revenues generated through advisory services activities, which includes 
mergers  and  acquisitions  ("M&A"),  equity  and  debt  private  placements,  debt  and  restructuring  advisory,  and  municipal 
financial  advisory  transactions.  Collectively,  equity  and  debt  private  placements  and  debt  and  restructuring  advisory 
transactions  are  referred  to  as  capital  advisory  transactions.  Investment  banking  revenues  also  include  equity  and  debt 
corporate financing activities and municipal financings.

In 2020, investment banking revenues were $858.5 million, up 36.4 percent compared with $629.4 million in the prior-
year  period.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  advisory  services  revenues  were  $443.3  million,  compared  with 
$440.7  million  in  2019.  Incremental  revenues  from  the  addition  of  Sandler  O'Neill  to  our  platform  offset  the  decline  in 
revenues from a market-wide decrease as M&A activity slowed appreciably during the second and third quarters of 2020 as 
uncertainty around COVID-19 put many engagements on hold. We saw a rebound in activity in the fourth quarter of 2020 
from  the  trough  we  experienced  during  the  third  quarter,  due,  in  part,  to  increased  CEO  confidence  and  more  clarity  on  a 
post-pandemic outlook. For the year ended December 31, 2020, corporate financing revenues were a record $295.3 million, 
up significantly compared with $105.3 million in the prior-year period, due to more completed and book run equity deals, and 
the addition of Sandler O'Neill to our platform, which book ran 37 debt offerings for financial services companies. Following 
a  substantial  halt  to  capital  raising  activity  in  March,  market  conditions  became  favorable  for  capital  raising  during  the 
second quarter of 2020 driven by a sharp rebound in valuations for equities of certain industry groups combined with lower 
volatility and low new issue interest rates in debt markets, and these dynamics continued through the remainder of the year. 
Activity  for  us  during  the  year  was  principally  in  the  healthcare  sector,  and  we  completed  96  healthcare  equity  deals. 
Additionally,  activity  in  the  first  quarter  of  2019  was  impacted  by  the  U.S.  federal  government  shut-down.  Municipal 
financing  revenues  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  were  a  record  $119.8  million,  up  43.6  percent  compared  with 
$83.4 million in the year-ago period. Despite a rapid decline in the level of activity in March due to significant volatility in 
the fixed income markets, low interest rates combined with strong investor demand drove record market issuance volumes in 
2020.  During  2020,  the  issuance  activity  was  focused  within  the  governmental  space.  The  par  amount  of  our  negotiated 
municipal issuances increased approximately 55 percent in 2020 compared to an increase of approximately 19 percent for the 
industry.

The following table provides investment banking deal information:

(Dollars in billions)
Advisory services

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

M&A transactions..............................................................................................................
Capital advisory transactions..............................................................................................

Corporate financings

Total equity transactions....................................................................................................
Book run equity transactions..............................................................................................
Total debt and preferred transactions.................................................................................
Book run debt and preferred transactions...........................................................................

158 
114 

137 
99 
58 
37 

Municipal negotiated issues

Aggregate par value...........................................................................................................
Total issues.........................................................................................................................

$ 

19.1  $ 
847 

140 
38 

74 
50 
— 
— 

12.3 
572 

Institutional  brokerage  revenues  comprise  all  of  the  revenues  generated  through  trading  activities,  which  consist  of 
facilitating customer trades, executing competitive municipal underwritings and our strategic trading activities in municipal 
bonds. Our results may vary from quarter to quarter as a result of changes in trading margins, trading gains and losses, net 
interest spreads, trading volumes, the timing of payments for research services and the timing of transactions based on market 
opportunities.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  institutional  brokerage  revenues  increased  to  $357.8  million,  compared  with 
$167.9 million in the prior-year period. Equity brokerage revenues were $161.4 million in 2020, up 84.4 percent compared 
with $87.6 million in 2019, reflecting the successful integration of our platform with Weeden & Co. This combination has 
expanded our client base, execution expertise and product capabilities, which we leveraged to find liquidity for our clients 
during the year. Additionally, market-wide volumes and volatility were higher compared to 2019. In the first quarter of 2020, 
increased  volatility  market-wide  drove  significantly  higher  volumes  as  investors  repositioned  in  response  to  market 
uncertainty and fund outflows. Volumes were also elevated in the fourth quarter of 2020 as clients repositioned before and 
after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, and market indices traded higher driven by optimism on COVID-19 vaccine results 
and an economic recovery. For the year ended December 31, 2020, fixed income services revenues were $196.3 million, up 
144.4 percent compared with $80.3 million in the prior-year period, due to the addition of Sandler O'Neill to our platform, 
strong  client  activity  and  solid  execution  in  conducive  markets.  We  continue  to  provide  strategic  advice  on  repositioning 
balance  sheets,  maximizing  yields  and  managing  risk  in  this  low  interest  rate  environment  within  a  market  with  ample 
liquidity. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2020, the historically volatile quarter and higher volumes in municipals drove 
client activity as we provided liquidity to municipal bond funds which saw significant outflows by identifying buyers who 
took advantage of meaningfully higher yields. This strong client activity was partially offset by trading losses in municipal 
securities due to the sharp and sudden market dislocation.

Interest  income  represents  amounts  earned  from  holding  long  inventory  positions.  For  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020, interest income decreased 50.8 percent to $13.2 million, compared with $26.7 million in 2019, reflecting lower long 
inventory balances. We have focused on only carrying inventory where clients need liquidity within our areas of expertise.

Investment income includes realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, including amounts attributable to 
noncontrolling interests, in our merchant banking and energy funds, as well as management and performance fees generated 
from those funds. For the year ended December 31, 2020, investment income was $23.3 million, compared to $22.3 million 
in 2019. In 2020, we recorded lower gains on our investment and the noncontrolling interests in the merchant banking funds 
that we manage. Lower equity valuations and an uncertain and challenging operating environment for some of our portfolio 
companies drove fair value adjustments in our merchant banking portfolio in the first half of 2020. These declines were more 
than  offset  by  higher  gains  on  our  other  firm  investments.  Excluding  the  impact  of  noncontrolling  interests,  adjusted 
investment income was $10.4 million in 2020 and $11.5 million in 2019.

Interest  expense  represents  amounts  associated  with  financing,  economically  hedging  and  holding  short  inventory 
positions, including interest paid on our long-term financing arrangements, as well as commitment fees on our line of credit 
and revolving credit facility. For the year ended December 31, 2020, interest expense increased to $14.4 million, compared 
with  $11.7  million  in  the  prior-year  period.  In  2020,  we  recorded  incremental  interest  expense  on  our  long-term  financing 
arrangements, which consist of the $175 million of fixed rate senior notes we issued on October 15, 2019, and $20 million of 
unsecured promissory notes we entered into on April 3, 2020 to fund a portion of the Valence purchase price. The increase 
was  partially  offset  by  a  decline  in  interest  expense  resulting  from  lower  average  short  inventory  balances.  Excluding  the 
impact of interest expense on long-term financing, adjusted interest expense was $4.8 million and $9.9 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $20 million of unsecured promissory notes were repaid in early 2021, 
which will decrease interest expense on long-term financing.

Pre-tax margin for 2020 was 5.5 percent, down compared with 14.3 percent for 2019 due to the increased compensation 
ratio resulting from higher acquisition-related compensation expense. Adjusted pre-tax margin increased to 20.3 percent in 
2020, compared with 16.7 percent in 2019. Adjusted pre-tax margin increased driven by the increased scale of our platform, 
the  successful  integration  of  the  Sandler  O'Neill  and  Weeden  &  Co.  acquisitions,  and  significantly  lower  marketing  and 
business development expenses due to reduced travel and entertainment costs related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

40

The  following  table  sets  forth  the  adjusted,  non-GAAP  financial  results  and  adjustments  necessary  to  reconcile  to  our 

consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results for the periods presented: 

Year Ended December 31,

2019
Adjustments (1)

2018
Adjustments (1)

Total
Adjusted

Noncontrolling
Interests

Other
Adjustments

U.S.
GAAP

Total
Adjusted

Noncontrolling
Interests

Other
Adjustments

U.S.
GAAP

(Amounts in thousands)

Investment banking

Advisory services...........

$ 440,695 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 440,695 

$ 394,133 

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 394,133 

Corporate financing........

Municipal financing.......

  105,256 

  83,441 

Total investment banking...

  629,392 

Institutional brokerage:

Equity brokerage............

  87,555 

Fixed income services....

  80,336 

Total institutional 

brokerage........................

  167,891 

Interest income..................

Investment income.............

  26,741 

  11,506 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

10,769 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  105,256 

  123,072 

  83,441 

  71,773 

  629,392 

  588,978 

  87,555 

  77,110 

  80,336 

  47,628 

— 

  167,891 

  124,738 

— 

— 

  26,741 

  32,749 

  22,275 

7,418 

Total revenues...................

  835,530 

10,769 

— 

  846,299 

  753,883 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3,621 

3,621 

— 

— 

— 

  123,072 

  71,773 

  588,978 

— 

— 

  77,110 

  47,628 

— 

  124,738 

— 

— 

  32,749 

  11,039 

— 

  757,504 

Interest expense.................

9,885 

— 

1,848 

  11,733 

  11,649 

— 

4,902 

  16,551 

Net revenues......................

  825,645 

10,769 

(1,848) 

  834,566 

  742,234 

3,621 

(4,902) 

  740,953 

Non-interest expenses........

  687,410 

4,306 

23,871 

  715,587 

  628,850 

4,827 

34,787 

  668,464 

Pre-tax income...................

$ 138,235 

$ 

6,463  $ 

(25,719)  $ 118,979 

$ 113,384 

$ 

(1,206)  $ 

(39,689)  $  72,489 

Pre-tax margin...................

 16.7 %

 14.3 %

 15.3 %

 9.8 %

(1)   The following is a summary of the adjustments needed to reconcile our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results to the adjusted, non-GAAP financial 

results: 

Noncontrolling interests – The impacts of consolidating noncontrolling interests in our alternative asset management funds are not included in our 
adjusted financial results. 

Other adjustments – The following items are not included in our adjusted financial results:

(Amounts in thousands)
Interest expense on long-term financing................................................................................................

Year Ended December 31,

2019

2018

$ 

1,848 

$ 

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements.............................................................................
Acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs........................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions......................................................................
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements.......................................................

5,138 
14,321 
4,298 
114 
23,871 

4,902 

29,246 
— 
4,858 
683 
34,787 

Total other adjustments..........................................................................................................................

$ 

25,719 

$ 

39,689 

Discussion of the year-over-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018 can be found in "Management's Discussion and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations includes our traditional asset management subsidiary, ARI, which we sold in the third quarter of 
2019. ARI's results, previously reported in our Asset Management segment, have been presented as discontinued operations 
for all prior periods presented.

The components of discontinued operations were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
Net revenues.....................................................................................................................

Year Ended December 31,

2019

2018

$ 

26,546  $ 

43,489 

Operating expenses.......................................................................................................
Intangible asset amortization and impairment (1).........................................................
Restructuring costs........................................................................................................
Total non-interest expenses..............................................................................................

22,589 
5,465 
10,268 
38,322 

Income/(loss) from discontinued operations before income tax expense/(benefit).........

(11,776)   

Income tax expense/(benefit)........................................................................................

(2,522)   

Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations before gain on sales............................

(9,254)   

Gain on sales, net of tax...................................................................................................

33,026 

35,227 
5,602 
272 
41,101 

2,388 

1,001 

1,387 

— 

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax.............................................................

$ 

23,772  $ 

1,387 

(1)

Includes $2.9 million of intangible asset impairment related to the ARI trade name for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Restructuring  costs  of  $10.3  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019  primarily  relate  to  transaction  costs  and 

payments associated with the sale of the business. 

See  Note  5  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  Form  10-K  for  further  discussion  of  our 

discontinued operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements are set forth in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, 

Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and are incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting and reporting policies comply with U.S. GAAP and conform to practices within the securities industry. 
The preparation of financial statements in compliance with U.S. GAAP and industry practices requires us to make estimates 
and assumptions that could materially affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. Critical accounting 
policies are those policies that we believe to be the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of 
operations and that require us to make estimates that are difficult, subjective or complex. Most accounting policies are not 
considered by us to be critical accounting policies. Several factors are considered in determining whether or not a policy is 
critical, including whether the estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, the nature of 
the estimates, the ability to readily validate the estimates with other information (e.g., third party or independent sources), the 
sensitivity of the estimates to changes in economic conditions and whether alternative accounting methods may be used under 
U.S. GAAP.

For a full description of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included 
in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  Form  10-K.  We  believe  that  of  our  significant  accounting  policies,  the  following  are  our  critical 
accounting policies.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned, financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but 
not  yet  purchased,  and  certain  of  our  investments  recorded  in  investments  on  our  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition consist of financial instruments recorded at fair value, as required by accounting guidance. Unrealized gains and 
losses related to these financial instruments are reflected on our consolidated statements of operations.

The  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  is  the  amount  at  which  the  instrument  could  be  exchanged  in  an  orderly 
transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). Based on the nature of our business and our 
role  as  a  "dealer"  in  the  securities  industry  or  as  a  manager  of  alternative  asset  management  funds,  the  fair  values  of  our 
financial instruments are determined internally. See Note 2 and Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional 
information on the valuation of our financial instruments and our fair value processes, including specific control processes to 
determine the reasonableness of the fair value of our financial instruments.

Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  820,  "Fair  Value 
Measurement," establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. 
The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I 
measurements) and the lowest priority to inputs with little or no pricing observability (Level III measurements). Assets and 
liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. 
See  Note  7  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  additional  discussion  of  our  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  fair  value 
hierarchy.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We record all assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, including goodwill and other intangible assets, at 
fair value. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired requires certain management estimates. At December 
31, 2020, we had goodwill of $227.5 million and intangible assets of $149.9 million.

We are required to perform impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-life intangible assets annually and on an interim 
basis when circumstances exist that could indicate possible impairment. We have elected to test goodwill for impairment in 
the fourth quarter of each calendar year. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more 
likely  than  not  that  the  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  is  less  than  its  carrying  amount.  If,  after  making  an  assessment,  we 
determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then further 
analysis  is  unnecessary.  However,  if  we  conclude  otherwise,  then  we  are  required  to  perform  a  quantitative  goodwill  test, 
which requires management to make judgments in determining what assumptions to use in the calculation. The quantitative 
goodwill test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including allocated goodwill. An impairment 
is  recognized  for  the  excess  amount  of  a  reporting  unit's  carrying  value  over  its  fair  value.  See  Notes  2  and  12  to  our 
consolidated financial statements for additional information on our impairment testing. 

The  initial  recognition  of  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  and  the  subsequent  quantitative  impairment  analysis 
involves significant judgment in determining the estimates of future cash flows, discount rates, economic forecast and other 
assumptions which are then used in acceptable valuation techniques, such as the market approach (earnings and/or transaction 
multiples)  and/or  the  income  approach  (discounted  cash  flow  method).  Changes  in  these  estimates  and  assumptions  could 
have  a  significant  impact  on  the  fair  value  and  any  resulting  impairment  of  goodwill.  Our  estimated  cash  flows,  by  their 
nature, are difficult to determine over an extended time period. Events and factors that may significantly affect the estimates 
include,  among  others,  competitive  forces  and  changes  in  revenue  growth  trends,  cost  structures,  technology  and  market 
conditions. To assess the reasonableness of cash flow estimates and validate assumptions used in our estimates, we review 
historical performance of the underlying assets or similar assets. In assessing the fair value of our reporting unit, the volatile 
nature of the securities markets and our industry requires us to consider the business and market cycle and assess the stage of 
the cycle in estimating the timing and extent of future cash flows. In addition to discounted cash flows, we consider earnings 
multiples of comparable public companies and multiples of recent mergers and acquisitions transactions of similar businesses 
in our subsequent impairment analysis. 

43

We elected to perform a qualitative assessment to test goodwill in our capital markets reporting unit for impairment. The 
following  relevant  events  and  circumstances  were  evaluated  in  concluding  that  it  was  not  more  likely  than  not  that  this 
goodwill was impaired: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations and the overall financial performance 
of the capital markets reporting unit. Our annual goodwill impairment testing, performed as of October 31, 2020, resulted in 
no impairment.

We also evaluated our intangible assets (indefinite and definite-lived) and concluded there was no impairment in 2020.

Compensation Plans

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As part of our compensation to employees and directors, we use stock-based compensation, consisting of restricted stock, 
restricted  stock  units  and  stock  options.  We  account  for  equity  awards  in  accordance  with  FASB  Accounting  Standards 
Codification  Topic  718,  "Compensation–Stock  Compensation,"  ("ASC  718"),  which  requires  all  share-based  payments  to 
employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized on the consolidated statements of operations at grant 
date  fair  value.  Compensation  expense  related  to  share-based  awards  which  require  future  service  are  amortized  over  the 
service period of the award. Forfeitures of awards with service conditions are accounted for when they occur. Share-based 
awards that do not require future service are recognized in the year in which the awards are deemed to be earned. 

See  Note  20  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  additional  information  about  our  stock-based  compensation 

plans.

Income Taxes

We  file  a  consolidated  U.S.  federal  income  tax  return,  which  includes  all  of  our  qualifying  subsidiaries.  We  also  are 
subject  to  income  tax  in  various  states  and  municipalities  and  those  foreign  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate.  Amounts 
provided  for  income  taxes  are  based  on  income  reported  for  financial  statement  purposes  and  do  not  necessarily  represent 
amounts  currently  payable.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  expected  future  tax  consequences 
attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and 
their  respective  tax  basis  and  for  tax  loss  carryforwards.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  using  enacted  tax 
rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or 
settled.  The  effect  on  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  of  a  change  in  tax  rates  is  recognized  in  income  in  the  period  that 
includes  the  enactment  date.  Deferred  income  taxes  are  provided  for  temporary  differences  in  reporting  certain  items, 
principally  restricted  compensation  (i.e.,  restricted  stock,  restricted  stock  units,  restricted  mutual  fund  shares,  and  deferred 
compensation). The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recognized to the extent that it 
is more likely than not that any portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We believe that our future taxable profits 
will  be  sufficient  to  recognize  our  U.S.  deferred  tax  assets.  However,  if  our  projections  of  future  taxable  profits  do  not 
materialize, we may conclude that a valuation allowance is necessary, which would impact our results of operations in that 
period. As of December 31, 2020, we have recorded a deferred tax asset valuation allowance of $4.9 million related to net 
operating loss carryforwards in the U.K. for Piper Sandler Ltd. 

We record deferred tax benefits for future tax deductions expected upon the vesting of stock-based compensation. We 
recognize  the  income  tax  effects  of  stock-based  compensation  awards  in  the  income  statement  when  the  awards  vest.  If 
deductions reported on our tax return for stock-based compensation (i.e., the value of the stock-based compensation at the 
time of vesting) exceed the cumulative cost of those instruments recognized for financial reporting (i.e., the grant date fair 
value of the compensation computed in accordance with ASC 718), we record the excess tax benefit as income tax benefit. 
Conversely, if deductions reported on our tax return for stock-based compensation are less than the cumulative cost of those 
instruments  recognized  for  financial  reporting,  the  deficiency  is  recorded  as  income  tax  expense.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, we recorded a $0.3 million tax benefit from continuing operations for stock awards vesting during the 
period. In the first quarter of 2021, approximately 757,000 shares vested at share prices greater than the grant date fair values, 
resulting in $1.7 million of excess tax benefits recorded as income tax benefit in the first quarter of 2021.

44

We establish reserves for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 
Topic  740,  "Income  Taxes,"  when  it  is  not  more  likely  than  not  that  a  certain  position  or  component  of  a  position  will  be 
ultimately  upheld  by  the  relevant  taxing  authorities.  Significant  judgment  is  required  in  evaluating  uncertain  tax  positions. 
Our tax provision and related accruals include the impact of estimates for uncertain tax positions and changes to the reserves 
that are considered appropriate. To the extent the probable tax outcome of these matters changes, such change in estimate will 
impact the income tax provision in the period of change and, in turn, our results of operations. In the fourth quarter of 2019, 
we recorded a $4.1 million liability for uncertain income tax positions related to our acquisition of Weeden & Co. In the third 
quarter  of  2020,  we  recorded  the  reversal  of  $3.2  million  related  to  this  liability.  These  amounts  were  recorded  as 
measurement  period  adjustments  in  accordance  with  FASB  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  805,  "Business 
Combinations," and include a corresponding indemnification asset. We also paid a settlement of $0.9 million, for which we 
were indemnified.

Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources

Liquidity  is  of  critical  importance  to  us  given  the  nature  of  our  business.  Insufficient  liquidity  resulting  from  adverse 
circumstances  contributes  to,  and  may  be  the  cause  of,  financial  institution  failure.  Accordingly,  we  regularly  monitor  our 
liquidity position and maintain a liquidity strategy designed to enable our business to continue to operate even under adverse 
circumstances, although there can be no assurance that our strategy will be successful under all circumstances.

The  majority  of  our  tangible  assets  consist  of  assets  readily  convertible  into  cash.  Financial  instruments  and  other 
inventory  positions  owned  are  stated  at  fair  value  and  are  generally  readily  marketable  in  most  market  conditions. 
Receivables  and  payables  with  brokers,  dealers  and  clearing  organizations  usually  settle  within  a  few  days.  As  part  of  our 
liquidity strategy, we emphasize diversification of funding sources to the extent possible while considering tenor and cost. 
Our assets are financed by our cash flows from operations, equity capital, and our funding arrangements. The fluctuations in 
cash flows from financing activities are directly related to daily operating activities from our various businesses. One of our 
most important risk management disciplines is our ability to manage the size and composition of our balance sheet. While our 
asset  base  changes  due  to  client  activity,  market  fluctuations  and  business  opportunities,  the  size  and  composition  of  our 
balance sheet reflect our overall risk tolerance, our ability to access stable funding sources and the amount of equity capital 
we hold.

Certain  market  conditions  can  impact  the  liquidity  of  our  inventory  positions,  requiring  us  to  hold  larger  inventory 

positions for longer than expected or requiring us to take other actions that may adversely impact our results.

A  significant  component  of  our  employees'  compensation  is  paid  in  annual  discretionary  incentive  compensation.  The 
timing of these incentive compensation payments, which generally are made in February, has a significant impact on our cash 
position and liquidity.

Our capital and liquidity positions are strong, our leverage is low, and our risk posture remains conservative. We believe 

that our priorities for capital deployment remain aligned with our shareholders' interests.

Our  dividend  policy  is  intended  to  return  between  30  percent  and  50  percent  of  our  adjusted  net  income  from  the 
previous fiscal year to shareholders. This includes the payment of a quarterly and an annual special cash dividend, payable in 
the first quarter of each year. Our board of directors determines the declaration and payment of dividends on an annual and 
quarterly basis, and is free to change our dividend policy at any time. 

45

Our board of directors declared the following dividends on shares of our common stock:

Declaration Date
February 1, 2018 (1)..................
February 1, 2018........................
April 27, 2018............................
July 27, 2018..............................
October 26, 2018........................
February 1, 2019 (1)..................
February 1, 2019........................
April 26, 2019............................
July 26, 2019..............................
October 30, 2019........................
January 31, 2020 (1)..................
January 31, 2020........................
May 1, 2020...............................
July 31, 2020..............................
October 30, 2020........................
February 4, 2021 (1)..................
February 4, 2021........................
(1) Represents the annual special cash dividend based on our results from the previous fiscal year.

Dividend           
Per Share
1.620 
0.375 
0.375 
0.375 
0.375 
1.010 
0.375 
0.375 
0.375 
0.375 
0.750 
0.375 
0.200 
0.300 
0.375 
1.850 
0.400 

Record Date
February 26, 2018
February 26, 2018
May 25, 2018
August 24, 2018
November 28, 2018
February 25, 2019
February 25, 2019
May 24, 2019
August 23, 2019
November 22, 2019
March 2, 2020
March 2, 2020
May 29, 2020
August 28, 2020
November 24, 2020
March 3, 2021
March 3, 2021

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

Payment Date
March 15, 2018
March 15, 2018
June 15, 2018
September 14, 2018
December 14, 2018
March 15, 2019
March 15, 2019
June 14, 2019
September 13, 2019
December 13, 2019
March 13, 2020
March 13, 2020
June 12, 2020
September 11, 2020
December 11, 2020
March 12, 2021
March 12, 2021

Our  board  of  directors  has  declared  a  special  cash  dividend  on  our  common  stock  of  $1.85  per  share  related  to  2020 
adjusted  net  income.  This  special  dividend  will  be  paid  on  March  12,  2021,  to  shareholders  of  record  as  of  the  close  of 
business on March 3, 2021. Including this special cash dividend and the regular quarterly dividends totaling $1.25 per share 
paid during 2020, we will have returned $3.10 per share, or approximately 31 percent of our fiscal year 2020 adjusted net 
income to shareholders.

Effective January 1, 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $150.0 million in common shares 
through December 31, 2021. In 2020, we repurchased 188,319 shares of our common stock at an average price of $69.72 per 
share  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of  $13.1  million  related  to  this  authorization.  At  December  31,  2020,  we  had 
$136.9 million remaining under this authorization. 

We also purchase shares of common stock from restricted stock award recipients upon the award vesting or as recipients 
sell  shares  to  meet  their  employment  tax  obligations.  During  2020,  we  purchased  105,193  shares  or  $8.8  million  of  our 
common stock for these purposes. 

Cash Flows 

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2020 were $507.9 million, an increase of $257.9 million from December 31, 
2019.  Operating  activities  provided  $779.8  million  of  cash,  driven  by  cash  generated  from  earnings  and  a  reduction  in 
operating  assets.  The  decrease  in  operating  assets  resulted  from  a  $203.8  million  decline  in  net  financial  instruments  and 
other inventory positions owned as we have focused on only carrying inventory where clients need liquidity within our areas 
of  expertise,  as  well  as  a  $254.3  million  decrease  in    receivables  from  brokers,  dealers  and  clearing  organizations.  The 
increase  in  operating  liabilities  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  accrued  compensation  of  $132.8  million,  the  result  of 
higher compensation costs in 2020 from increased revenues and incremental headcount from our recent acquisitions. In 2020, 
investing activities used $435.0 million, of which $417.4 million was used for the acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill, Valence 
and TRS. We also used $17.6 million for the purchase of fixed assets. Cash of $87.6 million was used in financing activities 
as we reduced amounts due under our short-term financing by $50.0 million. We  repaid the amount outstanding under our 
commercial paper program in full upon maturity in the fourth quarter of 2020. We also paid $28.2 million in dividends and 
repurchased $22.0 million of common stock during 2020.

46

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2019 were $250.0 million, an increase of $199.7 million from December 31, 
2018. Operating activities provided $67.8 million of cash, primarily due to cash generated from earnings. Our net income of 
$118.2 million in 2019 included a $33.0 million non-cash gain on the sale of ARI. The increase in operating assets was driven 
by  a  $46.2  million  increase  in  our  receivables  from  brokers,  dealers  and  clearing  organizations.  The  decrease  in  operating 
liabilities  was  due  to  a  decrease  in  accrued  compensation  of  $29.3  million  resulting  from  the  payment  of  the  Simmons 
performance award plan in the third quarter of 2019. In 2019, investing activities provided $26.7 million, primarily due to 
proceeds from the sale of ARI. This increase was partially offset by the use of $19.7 million for the acquisition of Weeden & 
Co. and $6.5 million for the purchase of fixed assets. Cash of $104.7 million was provided through financing activities as we 
issued $175.0 million of fixed rate senior notes on October 15, 2019. The repurchase of $50.6 million of common stock and 
dividend payments of $35.6 million partially offset this increase.

Leverage 

The following table presents total assets, adjusted assets, total shareholders' equity and tangible shareholders' equity with 

the resulting leverage ratios:

(Dollars in thousands)
Total assets..................................................................................................................
Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets......................................................................
Deduct: Right-of-use lease asset.................................................................................
Deduct: Assets from noncontrolling interests.............................................................
Adjusted assets............................................................................................................

December 31,
2020
1,997,140 
(377,366) 
(82,543) 
(97,375) 
1,439,856 

$ 

$ 

December 31,
2019
1,628,719 
(104,335) 
(40,030) 
(76,516) 
1,407,838 

$ 

$ 

Total shareholders' equity...........................................................................................
Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets......................................................................
Deduct: Noncontrolling interests................................................................................
Tangible common shareholders' equity......................................................................

$ 

$ 

926,082 
(377,366) 
(96,657) 
452,059 

$ 

$ 

806,528 
(104,335) 
(75,245) 
626,948 

Leverage ratio (1)........................................................................................................

Adjusted leverage ratio (2).........................................................................................

(1) Leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total shareholders' equity.

(2) Adjusted leverage ratio equals adjusted assets divided by tangible common shareholders' equity.

2.2 

3.2 

2.0 

2.2 

Adjusted assets and tangible common shareholders' equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Goodwill and intangible 
assets  are  subtracted  from  total  assets  and  total  shareholders'  equity  in  determining  adjusted  assets  and  tangible  common 
shareholders' equity, respectively, as we believe that goodwill and intangible assets do not constitute operating assets that can 
be deployed in a liquid manner. The right-of-use lease asset is also subtracted from total assets in determining adjusted assets 
as  it  is  not  an  operating  asset  that  can  be  deployed  in  a  liquid  manner.  Amounts  attributed  to  noncontrolling  interests  are 
subtracted from total assets and total shareholders' equity in determining adjusted assets and tangible common shareholders' 
equity,  respectively,  as  they  represent  assets  and  equity  interests  in  consolidated  entities  that  are  not  attributable,  either 
directly  or  indirectly,  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies.  We  view  the  resulting  measure  of  adjusted  leverage,  also  a  non-GAAP 
financial measure, as a more relevant measure of financial risk when comparing financial services companies. Our adjusted 
leverage  ratio  increased  from  December  31,  2019  primarily  due  to  the  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  related  to  our 
acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill, Valence and TRS.

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funding and Capital Resources 

The primary goal of our funding activities is to ensure adequate funding over a wide range of market conditions. Given 
the mix of our business activities, funding requirements are fulfilled through a diversified range of short-term and long-term 
financing. We attempt to ensure that the tenor of our borrowing liabilities equals or exceeds the expected holding period of 
the assets being financed. Our ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of our ability to obtain funding 
from  external  sources.  Access  to  these  external  sources,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  that  financing,  is  dependent  upon  various 
factors, including market conditions, the general availability of credit and credit ratings. We currently do not have a credit 
rating,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  liquidity  and  competitive  position  by  increasing  our  financing  costs  and  limiting 
access to sources of liquidity that require a credit rating as a condition to providing the funds.

Our day-to-day funding and liquidity is obtained primarily through the use of our clearing arrangement with Pershing, 
commercial  paper  issuance,  a  prime  broker  agreement  and  a  bank  line  of  credit,  and  is  typically  collateralized  by  our 
securities inventory. These funding sources are critical to our ability to finance and hold inventory, which is a necessary part 
of our institutional brokerage business. The majority of our inventory is liquid and is therefore funded by short-term facilities. 
Certain of these short-term facilities (i.e., committed line and commercial paper) have been established to mitigate changes in 
the liquidity of our inventory based on changing market conditions. In the case of our committed line, it is available to us 
regardless of changes in market liquidity conditions through the end of its term, although there may be limitations on the type 
of securities available to pledge. Our commercial paper program helps mitigate changes in market liquidity conditions given 
it is not an overnight facility, but provides funding with a term of 27 to 270 days. Our funding sources are also dependent on 
the types of inventory that our counterparties are willing to accept as collateral and the number of counterparties available. 
Funding is generally obtained at rates based upon the federal funds rate or LIBOR.

Pershing Clearing Arrangement – We have established an arrangement to obtain financing from Pershing related to the 
majority of our trading activities. Under our fully disclosed clearing agreement, the majority of our securities inventories and 
all of our customer activities are held by or cleared through Pershing. Financing under this arrangement is secured primarily 
by securities, and collateral limitations could reduce the amount of funding available under this arrangement. Our clearing 
arrangement  activities  are  recorded  net  from  trading  activity  and  reported  within  receivables  from  or  payables  to  brokers, 
dealers  and  clearing  organizations.  The  funding  is  at  the  discretion  of  Pershing  (i.e.,  uncommitted)  and  could  be  denied 
without a notice period. Our fully disclosed clearing agreement includes a covenant requiring Piper Sandler & Co., our U.S. 
broker  dealer  subsidiary,  to  maintain  excess  net  capital  of  $120  million.  At  December  31,  2020,  we  had  $0.1  million  of 
financing outstanding under this arrangement. 

Commercial Paper Program – Piper Sandler & Co. issues secured commercial paper to fund a portion of its securities 
inventory. This commercial paper is currently issued under the CP Series II A program, and is secured by different inventory 
classes, which is reflected in the interest rate paid. The program can issue commercial paper with maturities of 27 to 270 days 
and  the  maximum  amount  that  may  be  issued  is  $200  million.  CP  Series  II  A  includes  a  covenant  that  requires  Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  to  maintain  excess  net  capital  of  $100  million.  At  December  31,  2020,  the  CP  Series  II  A  program  had  no 
outstanding balance. We retired the CP Series A program on January 2, 2020. 

Prime Broker Arrangement – We have established an overnight financing arrangement with a broker dealer related to our 
convertible  securities  inventories.  Financing  under  this  arrangement  is  secured  primarily  by  convertible  securities  and 
collateral limitations could reduce the amount of funding available. The funding is at the discretion of the prime broker and 
could  be  denied  subject  to  a  notice  period.  This  arrangement  is  reported  within  receivables  from  or  payables  to  brokers, 
dealers  and  clearing  organizations,  net  of  trading  activity.  At  December  31,  2020,  we  had  $106.3  million  of  financing 
outstanding under this prime broker arrangement.

Committed Line – We elected to decrease our committed line from $125 million to $100 million in the fourth quarter of 
2020. Advances under this facility are secured by certain marketable securities. The facility includes a covenant that requires 
Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, and the unpaid principal amount of all 
advances  under  the  facility  will  be  due  on  December  10,  2021.  This  credit  facility  has  been  in  place  since  2008  and  we 
renewed  the  facility  for  another  one-year  term  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2020.  At  December  31,  2020,  we  had  no  advances 
against this line of credit.

48

Revolving  Credit  Facility  –  Our  parent  company,  Piper  Sandler  Companies,  has  an  unsecured  $50  million  revolving 
credit facility with U.S. Bank N.A. The credit agreement will terminate on December 20, 2022, unless otherwise terminated, 
and is subject to a one-year extension exercisable at our option. At December 31, 2020, there were no advances against this 
credit facility. In January 2021, we increased our revolving credit facility from $50 million to $65 million. 

This credit facility includes customary events of default and covenants that, among other things, requires Piper Sandler & 
Co.  to  maintain  a  minimum  regulatory  net  capital  of  $120  million,  limits  our  leverage  ratio,  requires  maintenance  of  a 
minimum ratio of operating cash flow to fixed charges, and imposes certain limitations on our ability to make acquisitions 
and make payments on our capital stock. At December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants.

The following tables present the average balances outstanding for our various funding sources by quarter for 2020 and 

2019:

(Amounts in millions)
Funding source:
Pershing clearing arrangement...........................
Commercial paper...............................................
Prime broker arrangement..................................
Revolving credit facility.....................................
Total.................................................................

Average Balance for the Three Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Sept. 30, 2020

June 30, 2020 Mar. 31, 2020

$ 

$ 

16.1 
11.4 
97.5 
4.9 
129.9 

$ 

$ 

3.3 
50.0 
90.2 
29.3 
172.8 

$ 

$ 

17.7 
50.0 
81.9 
50.0 
199.6 

$ 

$ 

117.8 
50.0 
72.3 
7.1 
247.2 

(Amounts in millions)
Funding source:
Pershing clearing arrangement...........................
Commercial paper...............................................
Prime broker arrangement..................................
Total.................................................................

Average Balance for the Three Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Sept. 30, 2019

June 30, 2019 Mar. 31, 2019

$ 

$ 

22.9 
50.0 
99.7 
172.6 

$ 

$ 

94.6 
50.0 
68.0 
212.6 

$ 

$ 

170.2 
50.0 
77.1 
297.3 

$ 

$ 

82.1 
50.0 
106.4 
238.5 

The average funding in the fourth quarter of 2020 decreased to $129.9 million, compared with $172.8 million during the 
third  quarter  of  2020  and  $172.6  million  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  2019.  Cash  from  operations  allowed  us  to  reduce 
financing balances throughout 2020. We repaid the $50 million outstanding under our CP Series II A program in full upon 
maturity  in  October  2020.  Also,  early  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2020,  we  repaid  the  $25  million  of  advances  against  our 
revolving credit facility.

The following table presents the maximum daily funding amount by quarter for 2020 and 2019:

(Amounts in millions)
First quarter.........................................................................................................................
Second quarter....................................................................................................................
Third quarter.......................................................................................................................
Fourth quarter.....................................................................................................................

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

2020

2019

642.1 
378.3 
401.7 
482.3 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

362.7 
427.1 
416.0 
330.7 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-Term Financing

Senior Notes – On October 15, 2019, we entered into a note purchase agreement ("Note Purchase Agreement") under 
which we issued unsecured fixed rate senior notes ("Notes") in the amount of $175 million. The initial holders of the Notes 
are certain entities advised by Pacific Investment Management Company ("PIMCO"). The Notes consist of two classes, Class 
A Notes and Class B Notes, with principal amounts of $50 million and $125 million, respectively. The Class A Notes bear 
interest at an annual fixed rate of 4.74 percent and mature on October 15, 2021. The Class B Notes bear interest at an annual 
fixed  rate  of  5.20  percent  and  mature  on  October  15,  2023.  Interest  on  the  Notes  is  payable  semi-annually.  The  unpaid 
principal amounts are due in full on the respective maturity dates and may not be prepaid.

The  Note  Purchase  Agreement  includes  customary  events  of  default  and  covenants  that,  among  other  things,  requires 
Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital, limits our leverage ratio and requires maintenance of a 
minimum ratio of operating cash flow to fixed charges. At December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants.

Valence  Notes  –  On  April  3,  2020,  we  entered  into  unsecured  promissory  notes  as  part  of  the  acquisition  of  Valence 
totaling $20 million (the "Valence Notes"). The Valence Notes bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 5.0 percent and mature 
on October 15, 2021. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. The Valence Notes were repaid in early 2021.

Capital Requirements 

As a registered broker dealer and member firm of FINRA, Piper Sandler & Co. is subject to the uniform net capital rule 
of the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. We have elected to use the alternative method permitted by the uniform net 
capital  rule  which  requires  that  we  maintain  minimum  net  capital  of  $1.0  million.  Advances  to  affiliates,  repayment  of 
subordinated  liabilities,  dividend  payments  and  other  equity  withdrawals  are  subject  to  certain  approvals,  notifications  and 
other provisions of the uniform net capital rules. We expect that these provisions will not impact our ability to meet current 
and future obligations. At December 31, 2020, our net capital under the SEC's uniform net capital rule was $212.9 million, 
and exceeded the minimum net capital required under the SEC rule by $211.9 million. 

Although we operate with a level of net capital substantially greater than the minimum thresholds established by FINRA 

and the SEC, a substantial reduction of our capital would curtail many of our capital markets revenue producing activities.

Our  committed  short-term  credit  facility,  revolving  credit  facility  and  senior  notes  with  PIMCO  include  covenants 
requiring  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  to  maintain  a  minimum  regulatory  net  capital  of  $120  million.  Secured  commercial  paper 
issued  under  CP  Series  II  A  includes  a  covenant  that  requires  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  to  maintain  excess  net  capital  of 
$100 million. Our fully disclosed clearing agreement with Pershing also includes a covenant requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to 
maintain excess net capital of $120 million.

At December 31, 2020, Piper Sandler Ltd., our broker dealer subsidiary registered in the U.K., was subject to, and was in 
compliance  with,  the  capital  requirements  of  the  Prudential  Regulation  Authority  and  the  Financial  Conduct  Authority 
pursuant to the Financial Services Act of 2012. 

Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, which is subject to 
the liquid capital requirements of the Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rule promulgated under the Securities and 
Futures  Ordinance.  At  December  31,  2020,  Piper  Sandler  Hong  Kong  Limited  was  in  compliance  with  the  liquid  capital 
requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission.

50

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business  we  enter  into  various  types  of  off-balance  sheet  arrangements.  The  following  table 

summarizes the notional contract value of our off-balance sheet arrangements for the periods presented:

(Amounts in thousands)

2021

2022

2023

2024
- 2025

2026
- 2027

Later

Expiration Per Period at December 31,

Total Contractual Amount

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Customer matched-book 

derivative contracts (1) (2).....

$ 

3,510 

$  18,680 

$  88,660 

$  41,810 

$  21,491 

$ 1,780,980 

$ 

1,955,131 

$ 

2,197,340 

Trading securities derivative 

contracts (2)............................

Investment commitments (3)....

46,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

9,375 

— 

55,375 

66,043 

110,875 

70,953 

(1) Consists of interest rate swaps. We have minimal market risk related to these matched-book derivative contracts; however, we do have counterparty 
risk with one major financial institution, which is mitigated by collateral deposits. In addition, we have a limited number of counterparties (contractual 
amount of $161.3 million at December 31, 2020) who are not required to post collateral. The uncollateralized amounts, representing the fair value of 
the derivative contracts, expose us to the credit risk of these counterparties. At December 31, 2020, we had $24.0 million of credit exposure with these 
counterparties, including $20.2 million of credit exposure with one counterparty.

(2) We  believe  the  fair  value  of  these  derivative  contracts  is  a  more  relevant  measure  of  the  obligations  because  we  believe  the  notional  or  contract 
amount overstates the expected payout. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the net fair value of these derivative contracts approximated $18.1 million 
and $16.3 million, respectively.

(3) The investment commitments have no specified call dates. The timing of capital calls is based on market conditions and investment opportunities. 

Derivatives

Derivatives'  notional  or  contract  amounts  are  not  reflected  as  assets  or  liabilities  on  our  consolidated  statements  of 
financial  condition.  Rather,  the  fair  value  of  the  derivative  transactions  are  reported  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial  condition  as  assets  or  liabilities  in  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  and  financial 
instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, as applicable. For a discussion of our activities related 
to derivative products, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Investment Commitments

We have investments, including those made as part of our merchant banking activities, in various limited partnerships or 
limited liability companies that make direct or indirect equity or debt investments in companies. We commit capital and/or 
act  as  the  managing  partner  of  these  entities.  We  have  committed  capital  of  $66.0  million  to  certain  entities  and  these 
commitments  generally  have  no  specified  call  dates.  For  additional  information  on  our  activities  related  to  these  types  of 
entities, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. 

Replacement of Interbank Offered Rates ("IBORs"), including LIBOR

Central  banks  and  regulators  in  a  number  of  major  jurisdictions  (e.g.,  U.S.,  U.K.,  European  Union,  Switzerland  and 
Japan) have convened working groups to find, and implement the transition to, suitable replacements for IBORs. The U.K. 
Financial  Conduct  Authority,  which  regulates  LIBOR,  has  announced  that  it  will  not  compel  panel  banks  to  contribute  to 
LIBOR  after  2021.  A  recent  plan  would  extend  the  publication  of  certain  USD  LIBOR  tenors  until  June  30,  2023,  which 
would allow most legacy USD LIBOR contracts to mature before LIBOR experiences disruptions. We have a limited number 
of contractual agreements which use LIBOR. We do not expect the transition from LIBOR to a replacement rate to have a 
significant impact on our operations.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk Management

Risk  is  an  inherent  part  of  our  business.  The  principal  risks  we  face  in  operating  our  business  include:  strategic  risk, 
market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk, human capital risk, and legal and regulatory risks. The extent to which 
we properly identify and effectively manage each of these risks is critical to our financial condition and profitability. We have 
a  formal  risk  management  process  to  identify,  assess  and  monitor  each  risk  and  mitigating  controls  in  accordance  with 
defined  policies  and  procedures.  The  risk  management  functions  are  independent  of  our  business  lines.  Our  management 
takes  an  active  role  in  the  risk  management  process,  and  the  results  are  reported  to  senior  management  and  the  board  of 
directors. 

The audit committee of the board of directors oversees management's processes for identifying and evaluating our major 
risks, and the policies, procedures and practices employed by management to govern its risk assessment and risk management 
processes.  The  nominating  and  governance  committee  of  the  board  of  directors  oversees  the  board  of  directors'  committee 
structures and functions as they relate to the various committees' responsibilities with respect to oversight of our major risk 
exposures.  With  respect  to  these  major  risk  exposures,  the  audit  committee  is  responsible  for  overseeing  management's 
monitoring  and  control  of  our  major  risk  exposures  relating  to  market  risk,  credit  risk,  liquidity  risk,  legal  and  regulatory 
risks,  operational  risk  (including  cybersecurity),  and  human  capital  risk  relating  to  misconduct,  fraud,  and  legal  and 
compliance matters. Our compensation committee is responsible for overseeing management's monitoring and control of our 
major risk exposures relating to compensation, organizational structure, and succession. Our board of directors is responsible 
for overseeing management's monitoring and control of our major risk exposures related to our corporate strategy. Our Chief 
Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  meet  with  the  audit  committee  on  a  quarterly  basis  to  discuss  our  market, 
liquidity, and legal and regulatory risks, and provide updates to the board of directors, audit committee, and compensation 
committee concerning the other major risk exposures on a regular basis.

We  use  internal  committees  to  assist  in  governing  risk  and  ensure  that  our  business  activities  are  properly  assessed, 
monitored and managed. Our executive financial risk committee manages our market, liquidity and credit risks; oversees risk 
management  practices  related  to  these  risks,  including  defining  acceptable  risk  tolerances  and  approving  risk  management 
policies; and responds to market changes in a dynamic manner. Membership is comprised of senior leadership, including but 
not limited to, our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Head of Market and Credit Risk, 
and  Head  of  Fixed  Income  Trading  and  Risk.  Other  committees  that  help  evaluate  and  monitor  risk  include  underwriting, 
leadership  team  and  operating  committees.  These  committees  help  manage  risk  by  ensuring  that  business  activities  are 
properly  managed  and  within  a  defined  scope  of  activity.  Our  valuation  committee,  comprised  of  members  of  senior 
management  and  risk  management,  provide  oversight  and  overall  responsibility  for  the  internal  control  processes  and 
procedures related to fair value measurements. Additionally, our operational risk committees address and monitor risk related 
to information systems and security, legal, regulatory and compliance matters, and third parties such as vendors and service 
providers.

With  respect  to  market  risk  and  credit  risk,  the  cornerstone  of  our  risk  management  process  is  daily  communication 
among traders, trading department management and senior management concerning our inventory positions and overall risk 
profile. Our risk management functions supplement this communication process by providing their independent perspectives 
on  our  market  and  credit  risk  profile  on  a  daily  basis.  The  broader  objectives  of  our  risk  management  functions  are  to 
understand  the  risk  profile  of  each  trading  area,  to  consolidate  risk  monitoring  company-wide,  to  assist  in  implementing 
effective  hedging  strategies,  to  articulate  large  trading  or  position  risks  to  senior  management,  and  to  ensure  accurate  fair 
values of our financial instruments.

Risk management techniques, processes and strategies may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all 
market environments or against all types of risk, and any risk management failures could expose us to material unanticipated 
losses.

52

Strategic Risk 

Strategic risk represents the risk associated with executive management failing to develop and execute on the appropriate 
strategic vision which demonstrates a commitment to our culture, leverages our core competencies, appropriately responds to 
external factors in the marketplace, and is in the best interests of our clients, employees and shareholders.

Our leadership team is responsible for managing our strategic risks. The board of directors oversees the leadership team 

in setting and executing our strategic plan.

Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of losses, or financial volatility, that may result from the change in value of a financial 
instrument  due  to  fluctuations  in  its  market  price.  Our  exposure  to  market  risk  is  directly  related  to  our  role  as  a  financial 
intermediary  for  our  clients  and  to  our  market-making  activities.  The  scope  of  our  market  risk  management  policies  and 
procedures includes all market-sensitive cash and derivative financial instruments.

Our different types of market risk include:

Interest Rate Risk — Interest rate risk represents the potential volatility from changes in market interest rates. We are 
exposed to interest rate risk arising from changes in the level and volatility of interest rates, changes in the slope of the yield 
curve, changes in credit spreads, and the rate of prepayments on our interest-earning assets (e.g., inventories) and our funding 
sources (e.g., short-term financing) which finance these assets. Interest rate risk is managed by selling short U.S. government 
securities,  agency  securities,  corporate  debt  securities  and  derivative  contracts.  See  Note  6  to  our  consolidated  financial 
statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information on our derivative contracts. Our interest 
rate hedging strategies may not work in all market environments and as a result may not be effective in mitigating interest 
rate risk. Also, we establish limits on our long fixed income securities inventory, monitor these limits on a daily basis and 
manage  within  those  limits.  Our  limits  include  but  are  not  limited  to  the  following:  position  and  concentration  size,  dollar 
duration (i.e., DV01), credit quality and aging.

We  estimate  that  a  parallel  50  basis  point  adverse  change  in  the  market  would  result  in  a  decrease  of  approximately 
$0.8 million in the carrying value of our fixed income securities inventory as of December 31, 2020, including the effect of 
the hedging transactions.

We  also  measure  and  monitor  the  aging  and  turnover  of  our  long  fixed  income  securities  inventory.  Turnover  is 
evaluated  based  on  a  five-day  average  by  category  of  security.  The  vast  majority  of  our  fixed  income  securities  inventory 
generally turns over within three weeks. 

In addition to the measures discussed above, we monitor and manage market risk exposure through evaluation of spread 
DV01 and the MMD basis risk for municipal securities to movements in U.S. treasury securities. All metrics are aggregated 
by asset concentration and are used for monitoring limits and exception approvals. In times of market volatility, we may also 
perform ad hoc stress tests and scenario analysis as market conditions dictate.

Equity  Price  Risk  —  Equity  price  risk  represents  the  potential  loss  in  value  due  to  adverse  changes  in  the  level  or 
volatility of equity prices. We are exposed to equity price risk through our trading activities primarily in the U.S. market. We 
attempt  to  reduce  the  risk  of  loss  inherent  in  our  market-making  and  in  our  inventory  of  equity  securities  by  establishing 
limits on our long inventory, monitoring these limits on a daily basis, and by managing net position levels within those limits.

Foreign  Exchange  Risk  —  Foreign  exchange  risk  represents  the  potential  volatility  to  earnings  or  capital  arising  from 
movement in foreign exchange rates. A modest portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, 
and changes in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar can therefore affect the value of non-U.S. dollar net assets, 
revenues and expenses. 

53

Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that we are unable to timely access necessary funding sources in order to operate our business, 
as well as the risk that we are unable to timely divest securities that we hold in connection with our market-making and sales 
and  trading  activities.  We  are  exposed  to  liquidity  risk  in  our  day-to-day  funding  activities,  by  holding  potentially  illiquid 
inventory positions and in our role as a remarketing agent for variable rate demand notes. 

Our inventory positions subject us to potential financial losses from the reduction in value of illiquid positions. Market 
risk can be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities 
and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Depending on the specific security, the structure of the financial product, and/or overall 
market conditions, we may be forced to hold a security for substantially longer than we had planned or forced to liquidate 
into a challenging market if funding becomes unavailable. 

See the section entitled "Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources" for information regarding our liquidity and how we 

manage liquidity risk.

Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty, customer, 
borrower or issuer of securities we hold in our trading inventory. The nature and amount of credit risk depends on the type of 
transaction, the structure and duration of that transaction and the parties involved. Credit risk also results from an obligor's 
failure to meet the terms of any contract with us or otherwise fail to perform as agreed. This may be reflected through issues 
such as settlement obligations or payment collections.

A key tenet of our risk management procedures related to credit risk is the daily monitoring of the credit quality of our 
long  fixed  income  securities  inventory.  These  rating  trends  and  the  credit  quality  mix  are  regularly  reviewed  with  the 
executive  financial  risk  committee.  The  following  table  summarizes  the  credit  rating  for  our  long  corporate  fixed  income, 
municipal  (taxable  and  tax-exempt),  and  U.S.  government  and  agency  securities  as  a  percentage  of  the  total  of  these  asset 
classes:

Corporate fixed income securities............
Municipal securities - taxable and       
tax-exempt...............................................
U.S. government and agency securities....

AAA

 — %

 9.5 %
 — %
 9.5 %

AA

 0.2 %

 27.3 %
 57.7 %
 85.2 %

A

 — %

BBB

 0.1 %

 4.0 %
 — %
 4.0 %

 0.7 %
 — %
 0.8 %

BB

Not Rated

 0.6 %

 — %
 — %
 0.6 %

 — %

 — %
 — %
 — %

Convertible and preferred securities are excluded from the table above as they are typically unrated and the nature of the 

strategy is low risk. 

Our different types of credit risk include:

Credit Spread Risk — Credit spread risk arises from the possibility that changes in credit spreads will affect the value of 
financial  instruments.  Credit  spreads  represent  the  credit  risk  premiums  required  by  market  participants  for  a  given  credit 
quality (e.g., the additional yield that a debt instrument issued by a AA-rated entity must produce over a risk-free alternative). 
Changes in credit spreads result from potential changes in an issuer's credit rating or the market's perception of the issuer's 
credit worthiness. We are exposed to credit spread risk with the debt instruments held in our trading inventory. We enter into 
transactions  to  hedge  our  exposure  to  credit  spread  risk  with  derivatives  and  certain  other  financial  instruments.  These 
hedging strategies may not work in all market environments and as a result may not be effective in mitigating credit spread 
risk.

54

Deterioration/Default  Risk  —  Deterioration/default  risk  represents  the  risk  due  to  an  issuer,  counterparty  or  borrower 
failing to fulfill its obligations. We are exposed to deterioration/default risk in our role as a trading counterparty to dealers 
and customers, as a holder of securities, and as a member of exchanges. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness 
of  the  counterparty  and/or  issuer  of  the  security.  We  mitigate  this  risk  by  establishing  and  monitoring  individual  and 
aggregate  position  limits  for  each  counterparty  relative  to  potential  levels  of  activity,  holding  and  marking  to  market 
collateral on certain transactions. Our risk management functions also evaluate the potential risk associated with institutional 
counterparties with whom we hold derivatives, TBAs and other documented institutional counterparty agreements that may 
give rise to credit exposure. 

Collections Risk — Collections risk arises from ineffective management and monitoring of collecting outstanding debts 
and  obligations,  including  those  related  to  our  customer  trading  activities.  Our  client  activities  involve  the  execution, 
settlement and financing of various transactions. Client activities are transacted on a delivery versus payment, cash or margin 
basis. Our credit exposure to institutional client business is mitigated by the use of industry-standard delivery versus payment 
through  depositories  and  clearing  banks.  Our  risk  management  functions  have  credit  risk  policies  establishing  appropriate 
credit limits and collateralization thresholds for customers and counterparties.

Concentration  Risk  —  Concentration  risk  is  the  risk  due  to  concentrated  exposure  to  a  particular  product;  individual 
issuer,  borrower  or  counterparty;  financial  instrument;  or  geographic  area.  We  are  subject  to  concentration  risk  if  we  hold 
large  individual  securities  positions,  execute  large  transactions  with  individual  counterparties  or  groups  of  related 
counterparties, or make substantial underwriting commitments. Potential concentration risk is monitored through review of 
counterparties and borrowers and is managed using policies and limits established by senior management. 

We  have  concentrated  counterparty  credit  exposure  with  four  non-publicly  rated  entities  totaling  $24.0  million  at 
December 31, 2020. This counterparty credit exposure is part of our matched-book derivative program related to our public 
finance  business,  consisting  primarily  of  interest  rate  swaps.  One  derivative  counterparty  represented  84.0  percent,  or 
$20.2  million,  of  this  exposure.  Credit  exposure  associated  with  our  derivative  counterparties  is  driven  by  uncollateralized 
market  movements  in  the  fair  value  of  the  interest  rate  swap  contracts  and  is  monitored  regularly  by  our  financial  risk 
committee. We attempt to minimize the credit (or repayment) risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with 
high-quality counterparties that are reviewed periodically by senior management.

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of loss, or damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people and 
systems  or  from  external  events.  We  rely  on  the  ability  of  our  employees  and  our  systems,  both  internal  and  at  computer 
centers  operated  by  third  parties,  to  process  a  large  number  of  transactions.  Our  systems  may  fail  to  operate  properly  or 
become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control. In the event of a breakdown or improper 
operation  of  our  systems  or  improper  action  by  our  employees  or  third  party  vendors,  we  could  suffer  financial  loss,  a 
disruption of our businesses, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. We also face the risk of operational failure or 
termination of our relationship with any of the exchanges, fully disclosed clearing firms, or other financial intermediaries we 
use  to  facilitate  our  securities  transactions.  Any  such  failure  or  termination  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  effect 
transactions and manage our exposure to risk. 

Our operations rely on secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our internal 
and  outsourced  computer  systems  and  networks.  Our  computer  systems,  software  and  networks  may  be  vulnerable  to 
unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code, internal misconduct or inadvertent errors and other events that 
could have an information security impact. The occurrence of one or more of these events, which we have experienced, could 
jeopardize our or our clients' or counterparties' confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted 
through,  our  computer  systems  and  networks,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our,  our  clients',  our 
counterparties'  or  third  parties'  operations.  We  take  protective  measures  and  endeavor  to  modify  them  as  circumstances 
warrant.

In order to mitigate and control operational risk, we have developed and continue to enhance policies and procedures that 
are designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout the organization. We also have business 
continuity plans in place that we believe will cover critical processes on a company-wide basis, and redundancies are built 
into our systems as we have deemed appropriate. These control mechanisms attempt to ensure that operational policies and 
procedures are being followed and that our various businesses are operating within established corporate policies and limits.

55

We operate under a fully disclosed clearing model for all of our clearing operations. In a fully disclosed clearing model, 
we act as an introducing broker for client transactions and rely on Pershing, our clearing broker dealer, to facilitate clearance 
and settlement of our clients' securities transactions. The clearing services provided by Pershing are critical to our business 
operations, and similar to other services performed by third party vendors, any failure by Pershing with respect to the services 
we rely upon Pershing to provide could cause financial loss, significantly disrupt our business, damage our reputation, and 
adversely affect our ability to serve our clients and manage our exposure to risk.

Human Capital Risk 

Our business is a human capital business and our success is dependent upon the skills, expertise and performance of our 
employees.  Human  capital  risks  represent  the  risks  posed  if  we  fail  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  individuals  who  are 
motivated to serve the best interests of our clients, thereby serving the best interests of our company. Attracting and retaining 
employees  depends,  among  other  things,  on  our  company's  culture,  management,  work  environment,  geographic  locations 
and  compensation.  There  are  risks  associated  with  the  proper  recruitment,  development  and  rewards  of  our  employees  to 
ensure quality performance and retention.

Legal and Regulatory Risk 

Legal and regulatory risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and loss 
to  our  reputation  we  may  suffer  as  a  result  of  failure  to  comply  with  laws,  regulations,  rules,  related  self-regulatory 
organization  standards  and  codes  of  conduct  applicable  to  our  business  activities.  We  are  generally  subject  to  extensive 
regulation in the various jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. We have established procedures that are designed to 
ensure  compliance  with  applicable  statutory  and  regulatory  requirements,  such  as  public  company  reporting  obligations, 
regulatory net capital requirements, sales and trading practices, potential conflicts of interest, anti-money laundering, privacy 
and recordkeeping. We have also established procedures that are designed to require that our policies relating to ethics and 
business  conduct  are  followed.  The  legal  and  regulatory  focus  on  the  financial  services  industry  presents  a  continuing 
business challenge for us.

Our business also subjects us to the complex income tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we have business operations, 
and  these  tax  laws  may  be  subject  to  different  interpretations  by  the  taxpayer  and  the  relevant  governmental  taxing 
authorities. We must make judgments and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws when 
determining the provision for income taxes.

Effects of Inflation

Because  our  assets  are  liquid  and  generally  short-term  in  nature,  they  are  not  significantly  affected  by  inflation. 
However,  the  rate  of  inflation  affects  our  expenses,  such  as  employee  compensation,  office  space  leasing  costs  and 
communications charges, which may not be readily recoverable in the price of services we offer to our clients. To the extent 
inflation  results  in  rising  interest  rates  and  has  adverse  effects  upon  the  securities  markets,  it  may  adversely  affect  our 
financial position and results of operations.

ITEM 7A.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

The  information  under  the  caption  "Risk  Management"  in  Part  II,  Item  7  of  this  Form  10-K  entitled,  "Management's 

Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," is incorporated herein by reference.

56

ITEM 8.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

INDEX TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting............................................................

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm...........................................................................

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm...........................................................................

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.........................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Operations........................................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income...................................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity.....................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows......................................................................................................

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements:

Note 1

Note 2

Note 3
Note 4

Note 5
Note 6

Note 7

Note 8

Note 9

Note 10

Note 11

Note 12

Note 13

Note 14

Note 15

Note 16

Note 17
Note 18
Note 19

Note 20

Note 21

Note 22

Note 23

Note 24

Note 25

Organization and Basis of Presentation...................................................................................

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.........................................................................

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.......................................................................................

Acquisitions.............................................................................................................................

Discontinued Operations.........................................................................................................
Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions Owned and Financial Instruments 

and Other Inventory Positions Sold, but Not Yet Purchased...............................................

Fair Value of Financial Instruments........................................................................................

Variable Interest Entities.........................................................................................................

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations..................

Investments..............................................................................................................................

Other Assets............................................................................................................................

Goodwill and Intangible Assets..............................................................................................

Fixed Assets............................................................................................................................

Short-Term Financing.............................................................................................................

Long-Term Financing..............................................................................................................

Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees........................................................................

Restructuring and Integration Costs........................................................................................
Shareholders' Equity................................................................................................................
Employee Benefit Plans..........................................................................................................

Compensation Plans................................................................................................................

Earnings Per Share..................................................................................................................

Revenues and Business Information.......................................................................................

Net Capital Requirements and Other Regulatory Matters.......................................................

Income Taxes..........................................................................................................................

Parent Company only and PSLS.............................................................................................

Supplementary Data.....................................................................................................................................

58

59

60

62

63

65

66

68

69

70

75

76

82

83

85

91

93

93

94

94

95

95

96

96

98
99
101

102

108

110

111

111

114

118

57

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. 
Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. 
All  internal  control  systems,  no  matter  how  well  designed,  have  inherent  limitations.  Therefore,  even  those  systems 
determined  to  be  effective  can  provide  only  reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial  statement  preparation  and 
presentation.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In 
making  this  assessment,  management  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on its assessment and 
those  criteria,  management  has  concluded  that  we  maintained  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of 
December 31, 2020.

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements 
of Piper Sandler Companies included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on internal control 
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. Their report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness 
of Piper Sandler Companies' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, is included herein.

58

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Piper Sandler Companies

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Piper Sandler Companies’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2020,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).    In  our  opinion,  the  Company 
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on the 
COSO criteria.  

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and 
the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for 
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes, and our report dated February 25, 2021, 
expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its 
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying  Management’s 
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  based  on  our  audit.    We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  PCAOB  and  are 
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable 
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 
maintained in all material respects. 

Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a 
material  weakness  exists,  testing  and  evaluating  the  design  and  operating  effectiveness  of  internal  control  based  on  the 
assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our 
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and 
procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the 
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as 
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and 
directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized 
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. 
Also,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become 
inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may 
deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 25, 2021 

59

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Piper Sandler Companies

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  of  Piper  Sandler  Companies  (the 
Company)  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive  income, 
changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the 
related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial 
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and 
the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2020,  in 
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States)  (PCAOB),  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2020,  based  on  criteria 
established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 25, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an 
opinion  on  the  Company’s  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the 
PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws 
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material  misstatement, 
whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits 
also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating 
the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The  critical  audit  matters  communicated  below  are  matters  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  financial 
statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or 
disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex 
judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions 
on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Description 
of the Matter

Valuation of Investments at Fair Value

At December 31, 2020, the fair value of the Company’s investments categorized as Level III of the fair 
value  hierarchy  totaled  $153  million,  primarily  consisting  of  merchant  banking  investments  in  private 
companies  (“merchant  banking  investments”)  that  do  not  have  readily  determinable  fair  values.  These 
investments are held in consolidated funds, which include $96.7 million of noncontrolling interests attributable 
to  unrelated  third  party  ownership.  As  described  in  Notes  2  and  7  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements, 
management determines the fair values of merchant banking investments internally using the best information 
available. These investments are valued based on an assessment of each underlying security, considering cost, 
terms  and  liquidity  of  the  investment,  the  financial  condition  and  operating  results  of  the  issuer,  rounds  of 
financing, third party transactions and market-based information, including comparable company transactions, 
trading multiples (e.g., multiples of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization 
(“EBITDA”)) and changes in market outlook, among other factors.

Auditing the fair value of the Company’s merchant banking investments was complex, as the inputs and 
assumptions used by the Company are highly judgmental and could have a significant effect on the fair value 
measurements of such investments.

60

How We 
Addressed 
the Matter in 
Our Audit

We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over 
the  Company’s  merchant  banking  investment  valuation  process.  This  included  controls  over  management’s 
assessment  of  the  valuation  methodologies,  the  inputs  and  assumptions  used  in  determining  fair  value 
measurements, and the valuation committee review of merchant banking investment valuations on a quarterly 
basis.

To  test  the  valuation  of  the  Company’s  merchant  banking  investments,  our  procedures  included,  among 
others,  involving  internal  valuation  specialists  to  assist  in  our  evaluation  of  the  Company’s  valuation 
methodologies,  testing  the  significant  inputs  and  assumptions  used  by  the  Company  in  determining  the  fair 
values,  and  testing  the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the  Company’s  valuation  calculations.  For  example,  we 
agreed model inputs to source information including capital structure, investee-provided financial information 
or projections, and publicly available information on comparable transactions (e.g., transaction multiples). We 
assessed  the  issuer’s  financial  projections  by  comparing  them  to  historical  performance,  obtaining  an 
understanding of key events impacting the issuer and performing sensitivity analyses as needed to evaluate the 
impact to fair value that would result from changes in these projections. To the extent available, we evaluated 
subsequent  events  and  other  information  and  considered  whether  it  corroborated  or  contradicted  the 
Company’s year-end valuations.

Valuation of Acquisition-Related Intangibles

Description 
of the Matter

As  disclosed  in  Note  4  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  Company  acquired  SOP  Holdings, 
LLC  and  its  subsidiaries,  including  Sandler  O'Neill  &  Partners,  L.P.  (Sandler)  in  2020.  The  transaction  was 
accounted  for  as  a  business  combination.  Identifiable  intangible  assets  acquired  through  this  business 
combination consisted of customer relationships and the Sandler trade name with acquisition-date fair values of 
$72.4  million  and  $85.4  million,  respectively.  These  intangible  assets  are  measured  at  acquisition  date  using 
models with significant assumptions including financial projections, discount rates, and a royalty rate, among 
others,  which  form  the  basis  of  fair  value.  Certain  of  these  assumptions  are  forward-looking  and  could  be 
affected by future economic and market conditions.

Auditing the fair value of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets was complex, as the inputs 
and  assumptions  used  by  the  Company  are  highly  judgmental  and  could  have  a  significant  effect  on  the 
acquisition-date fair value measurements of such identifiable intangible assets.

How We 
Addressed 
the Matter in 
Our Audit

We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over 
the  Company’s  acquisition  process.  This  included  controls  over  management’s  assessment  of  the  valuation 
methodologies, the inputs and assumptions used in determining acquisition-date fair value measurements, and 
review and approval of final intangible asset valuation.

To test the valuation of the Company’s acquired intangible assets, our procedures included, among others, 
involving internal valuation specialists to assist in our evaluation of the Company’s valuation methodologies, 
testing  the  significant  inputs  and  assumptions  used  by  the  Company  in  determining  the  acquisition-date  fair 
values,  and  testing  the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the  Company’s  valuation  calculations.  For  example,  we 
performed sensitivity analyses for certain assumptions, compared significant assumptions to current industry, 
market, and economic trends, to assumptions used to value similar intangible assets of past acquisitions, and to 
other guidelines used by companies within the same industry. Also, to test projected financial information, we 
compared  projections  to  historical  results  of  Sandler  and  the  Company  and  obtained  support  for  individual 
contracts expected to generate revenue. 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003.

Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 25, 2021 

61

Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents..................................................................................................
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations...........................................

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned..............................................
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and pledged as collateral......
Total financial instruments and other inventory positions owned...................................

Fixed assets (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $74,883 and 
$65,991,  respectively)......................................................................................................
Goodwill.............................................................................................................................
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $85,592 and $40,864, 
respectively)......................................................................................................................
Investments.........................................................................................................................
Net deferred income tax assets...........................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset......................................................................................................
Other assets.........................................................................................................................
Total assets.......................................................................................................................

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Short-term financing...........................................................................................................
Long-term financing...........................................................................................................
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations....................................................
Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased..............
Accrued compensation.......................................................................................................
Accrued lease liability........................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses................................................................................
Total liabilities.................................................................................................................

Shareholders' equity:

Common stock, $0.01 par value:
Shares authorized: 100,000,000 at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019;
Shares issued: 19,533,547 at December 31, 2020 and 19,526,533 at             
December 31, 2019;
Shares outstanding: 13,776,025 at December 31, 2020 and 13,717,315 at    
December 31, 2019......................................................................................................
Additional paid-in capital................................................................................................
Retained earnings.............................................................................................................
Less common stock held in treasury, at cost: 5,757,522 shares at December 31, 2020 
and 5,809,218 shares at December 31, 2019..................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive loss...........................................................................
Total common shareholders' equity...............................................................................

Noncontrolling interests.................................................................................................
Total shareholders' equity..............................................................................................

December 31, December 31,

2020

2019

$ 

507,935  $ 
221,491 

270,849 
130,703 
401,552 

43,812 
227,508 

149,858 
183,179 
104,219 
82,543 
75,043 
1,997,140  $ 

—  $ 

195,000 
18,591 
151,030 
522,412 
99,478 
84,547 
1,071,058 

$ 

$ 

250,018 
283,108 

434,088 
205,674 
639,762 

29,850 
87,649 

16,686 
158,141 
68,035 
40,030 
55,440 
1,628,719 

49,978 
175,000 
7,514 
185,425 
300,527 
57,169 
46,578 
822,191 

195 
847,785 
271,001 

(289,359) 
(197) 
829,425 

96,657 
926,082 

195 
757,669 
258,669 

(284,378) 
(872) 
731,283 

75,245 
806,528 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity........................................................................

$ 

1,997,140  $ 

1,628,719 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Revenues:

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

Investment banking.................................................................

$ 

858,476 

$ 

629,392 

$ 

Institutional brokerage............................................................

Interest income........................................................................
Investment income..................................................................

357,753 
13,164 
23,265 

167,891 
26,741 
22,275 

588,978 

124,738 
32,749 
11,039 

Total revenues.......................................................................

1,252,658 

846,299 

757,504 

Interest expense.......................................................................

14,445 

11,733 

16,551 

Net revenues..........................................................................

1,238,213 

834,566 

740,953 

Non-interest expenses:

Compensation and benefits.....................................................

Outside services......................................................................
Occupancy and equipment......................................................

Communications.....................................................................
Marketing and business development.....................................

Deal-related expenses..............................................................

Trade execution and clearance................................................
Restructuring and integration costs.........................................

Intangible asset amortization...................................................

Other operating expenses........................................................

877,462 
38,377 

54,007 
44,358 

13,472 

38,072 
18,934 

10,755 

44,728 

29,500 

516,090 
36,184 

36,795 
30,760 

28,780 

25,823 
10,186 

14,321 

4,298 

12,350 

488,487 
36,528 

34,194 
28,656 

26,936 

25,120 
8,014 

3,498 

4,858 

12,173 

Total non-interest expenses...................................................

1,169,665 

715,587 

668,464 

Income from continuing operations before income tax 
expense ...................................................................................

Income tax expense.................................................................

Income from continuing operations ......................................

Discontinued operations:

68,548 

19,192 

49,356 

118,979 

24,577 

94,402 

72,489 

18,046 

54,443 

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax....................

— 

23,772 

1,387 

Net income ...............................................................................

49,356 

118,174 

55,830 

Net income/(loss) applicable to noncontrolling interests........

8,852 

6,463 

(1,206) 

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies ............

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' 
common shareholders ...........................................................

$ 

$ 

40,504 

$ 

111,711 

$ 

57,036 

40,504 

$ 

107,200 

$ 

49,993 

Continued on next page

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Operations – Continued

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Amounts applicable to Piper Sandler Companies

Net income from continuing operations..................................

Net income from discontinued operations..............................

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies.............

Earnings per basic common share

Income from continuing operations........................................

Income from discontinued operations.....................................

Earnings per basic common share.........................................

Earnings per diluted common share

Income from continuing operations........................................

Income from discontinued operations.....................................

Earnings per diluted common share......................................

Dividends declared per common share .................................

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

40,504 

— 

40,504 

2.94 

— 

2.94 

2.72 

— 

2.72 

2.00 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

87,939 

23,772 

111,711 

6.21 

1.69 

7.90 

6.05 

1.65 

7.69 

2.51 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

55,649 

1,387 

57,036 

3.68 

0.09 

3.78 

3.63 

0.09 

3.72 

3.12 

Basic........................................................................................
Diluted.....................................................................................

13,781 
14,901 

13,555 
13,937 

13,234 
13,425 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Amounts in thousands)
Net income .....................................................................................

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

$ 

49,356 

$ 

118,174 

$ 

55,830 

Foreign currency translation adjustment.......................................

675 

526 

(119) 

Comprehensive income .................................................................

50,031 

118,700 

55,711 

Comprehensive income/(loss) applicable to noncontrolling 
interests........................................................................................

8,852 

6,463 

(1,206) 

Comprehensive income applicable to Piper Sandler 
Companies ...................................................................................

$ 

41,179 

$ 

112,237 

$ 

56,917 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

Common

(Amounts in thousands,

Shares

Common

 except share amounts)

Outstanding

Stock

Additional

Paid-In

Capital

Accumulated

Total

Other

Common

Total

Retained

Treasury

Comprehensive

Shareholders' Noncontrolling

Shareholders'

Earnings

Stock

Loss

Equity

Interests

Equity

Balance at                          
December 31, 2017 ....

Net income/(loss)...........

Dividends.......................

Amortization/issuance of 
restricted stock.............

Repurchase of common 
stock through share 
repurchase program.....

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings...............

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees..

Shares reserved/issued 

for director 
compensation...............

Other comprehensive 

loss...............................

Cumulative effect upon 

adoption of new 
accounting standard, 
net of tax (1)................

Fund capital        

contributions, net.........

Balance at                           
December 31, 2018 ....

Net income.....................

Dividends.......................

Amortization/issuance of 
restricted stock.............

Repurchase of common 
stock through share 
repurchase program.....

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings...............

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees..

Shares reserved/issued 

for director 
compensation...............

Other comprehensive 

income.........................

Fund capital               

contributions, net.........

Balance at                           
December 31, 2019 ....

  12,911,149 

$ 

195 

$ 

791,970 

$  176,270 

$ (273,824)  $ 

(1,279)  $ 

693,332 

$ 

47,903 

$ 

741,235 

— 

— 

— 

(681,233) 

1,040,015 

(279,664) 

5,130 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

57,036 

(47,157) 

48,448 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(47,142) 

(44,459) 

— 

404 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(3,597) 

— 

44,459 

(23,761) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(119) 

— 

— 

57,036 

(47,157) 

48,448 

(47,142) 

— 

(23,761) 

404 

(119) 

(1,206) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

55,830 

(47,157) 

48,448 

(47,142) 

— 

(23,761) 

404 

(119) 

(3,597) 

— 

(3,597) 

— 

6,275 

6,275 

  12,995,397 

$ 

195 

$ 

796,363 

$  182,552 

$ (300,268)  $ 

(1,398)  $ 

677,444 

$ 

52,972 

$ 

730,416 

— 

— 

— 

(501) 

1,415,147 

(701,217) 

8,489 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  111,711 

(35,594) 

27,137 

— 

(66,474) 

— 

643 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(32) 

66,474 

(50,552) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

526 

— 

111,711 

(35,594) 

27,137 

(32) 

— 

(50,552) 

643 

526 

— 

6,463 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

118,174 

(35,594) 

27,137 

(32) 

— 

(50,552) 

643 

526 

15,810 

15,810 

  13,717,315 

$ 

195 

$ 

757,669 

$  258,669 

$ (284,378)  $ 

(872)  $ 

731,283 

$ 

75,245 

$ 

806,528 

Continued on next page

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity – Continued

Common

(Amounts in thousands,

Shares

Common

 except share amounts)

Outstanding

Stock

Additional

Paid-In

Capital

Accumulated

Total

Other

Common

Total

Retained

Treasury

Comprehensive

Shareholders' Noncontrolling

Shareholders'

Earnings

Stock

Loss

Equity

Interests

Equity

Net income.....................

Dividends.......................

Amortization/issuance of 
restricted stock (2).......

Repurchase of common 
stock through share 
repurchase program.....

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings...............

Issuance of treasury 
shares for deal 
consideration................

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees..

Shares reserved/issued 

for director 
compensation...............

Other comprehensive 

income.........................

Fund capital        

contributions, net.........

Balance at                          
December 31, 2020 ....

$ 

— 

— 

— 

(188,319) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

— 

— 

$  40,504 

$ 

(28,172) 

103,852 

— 

$ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(13,129) 

309,089 

— 

(15,310) 

— 

15,310 

34,205 

(105,193) 

8,928 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,049 

— 

525 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,674 

(8,836) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

675 

— 

$ 

40,504 

$ 

8,852 

$ 

49,356 

(28,172) 

103,852 

(13,129) 

— 

2,723 

(8,836) 

525 

675 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(28,172) 

103,852 

(13,129) 

— 

2,723 

(8,836) 

525 

675 

12,560 

12,560 

  13,776,025 

$ 

195 

$ 

847,785 

$  271,001 

$ (289,359)  $ 

(197)  $ 

829,425 

$ 

96,657 

$ 

926,082 

(1) Cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09, as amended.

(2)

Includes amortization of restricted stock issued as part of deal consideration. See Note 4 for further discussion.

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

Operating Activities:

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

2018

Net income................................................................................................................

$ 

49,356 

$ 

118,174 

$ 

55,830 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets........................................................

Deferred income taxes............................................................................................

Gain on sale of Advisory Research, Inc. ("ARI"), net of tax..................................

Stock-based compensation......................................................................................

Amortization of intangible assets............................................................................

Amortization of forgivable loans............................................................................

Decrease/(increase) in operating assets:

Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations...............................

Net financial instruments and other inventory positions owned.............................

Investments.............................................................................................................

Other assets.............................................................................................................

Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities:

Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations........................................

Accrued compensation............................................................................................

Other liabilities and accrued expenses....................................................................

Decrease in assets held for sale.................................................................................

Decrease in liabilities held for sale...........................................................................

10,699 

(36,184) 

— 

121,688 

44,728 

3,538 

254,292 

203,815 

(24,353) 

4,024 

11,077 

132,767 

4,318 

— 

— 

9,360 

11,323 

(33,026) 

32,003 

9,763 

4,639 

(46,207) 

(4,542) 

(6,255) 

117 

(1,143) 

(29,277) 

(10,117) 

20,901 

(7,915) 

8,358 

(652) 

— 

44,285 

10,460 

5,138 

(89,884) 

534,355 

24,109 

(3,758) 

(10,735) 

(60,191) 

(7,915) 

1,882 

(1,487) 

Net cash provided by operating activities...............................................................

779,765 

67,798 

509,795 

Investing Activities:

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired..............................................................

Proceeds from sale of ARI........................................................................................

Purchases of fixed assets, net....................................................................................

(417,414) 

— 

(17,581) 

(19,674) 

52,881 

(6,516) 

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities................................................

(434,995) 

26,691 

— 

— 

(15,804) 

(15,804) 

Financing Activities:

Increase/(decrease) in short-term financing..............................................................

$ 

(49,978) 

$ 

25 

$ 

(239,984) 

Issuance of senior notes............................................................................................

Repayment of senior notes........................................................................................
Payment of cash dividend.........................................................................................

Increase in noncontrolling interests..........................................................................

Repurchase of common stock...................................................................................

Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities................................................

Currency adjustment:

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash...................................................................

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents....................................................................

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year...........................................................

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year.....................................................................

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the year for:

Interest.....................................................................................................................

Income taxes...........................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

— 
(28,172) 

12,560 

(21,965) 

(87,555) 

702 

257,917 

250,018 

175,000 

— 
(35,594) 

15,810 

(50,584) 

— 

(125,000) 
(47,157) 

6,275 

(70,903) 

104,657 

(476,769) 

508 

199,654 

50,364 

(651) 

16,571 

33,793 

507,935 

$ 

250,018 

$ 

50,364 

14,485 

28,891 

$ 

$ 

12,038 

9,581 

$ 

$ 

17,129 

17,134 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Note 1 Organization and Basis of Presentation 

Organization

As described in Note 4, Piper Jaffray Companies completed the acquisition of SOP Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries, 
including  Sandler  O'Neill  &  Partners,  L.P.  (collectively,  "Sandler  O'Neill")  on  January  3,  2020.  Upon  completion  of  the 
acquisition, Piper Jaffray Companies was renamed Piper Sandler Companies. Certain of its subsidiaries were also renamed. 

Piper Sandler Companies is the parent company of Piper Sandler & Co. ("Piper Sandler"), a securities broker dealer and 
investment banking firm; Piper Sandler Ltd., a firm providing securities brokerage and mergers and acquisitions services in 
Europe;  Piper  Sandler  Finance  LLC,  which  facilitates  corporate  debt  underwriting  in  conjunction  with  affiliated  credit 
vehicles;  Piper  Sandler  Investment  Group  Inc.  and  PSC  Capital  Management  LLC,  entities  providing  alternative  asset 
management services; Piper Sandler Loan Strategies, LLC ("PSLS"), which provides management services for primary and 
secondary  market  liquidity  transactions  of  loan  and  servicing  rights;  Piper  Sandler  Hedging  Services,  LLC,  an  entity  that 
assists clients with programmatic hedging solutions and broader hedging strategies; Piper Sandler Financial Products Inc. and 
Piper Sandler Financial Products II Inc., entities that facilitate derivative transactions; and other immaterial subsidiaries.

Piper Sandler Companies and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") operate in one reporting segment providing 
investment  banking  and  institutional  securities  services  (collectively,  "Capital  Markets").  The  Company's  Capital  Markets 
business  provides  investment  banking  services  and  institutional  sales,  trading  and  research  services.  Investment  banking 
services  include  financial  advisory  services,  management  of  and  participation  in  underwritings,  and  municipal  financing 
activities. Revenues are generated through the receipt of advisory and financing fees. Institutional sales, trading and research 
services  focus  on  the  trading  of  equity  and  fixed  income  products  with  institutions,  government  and  non-profit  entities. 
Revenues  are  generated  through  commissions  and  sales  credits  earned  on  equity  and  fixed  income  institutional  sales 
activities, net interest revenues on trading securities held in inventory, and profits and losses from trading these securities. 
Also,  the  Company  generates  revenue  through  strategic  trading  and  investing  activities,  which  focus  on  investments  in 
municipal bonds and merchant banking activities involving equity investments in late stage private companies. The Company 
has created alternative asset management funds in merchant banking and energy in order to invest firm capital and to manage 
capital from outside investors. The Company receives management and performance fees for managing these funds.

As discussed in Note 5, Advisory Research, Inc. ("ARI") was sold in the third quarter of 2019. ARI's results, previously 
reported in the Company's Asset Management segment, have been presented as discontinued operations for all prior periods 
presented.  ARI  provided  traditional  asset  management  services  with  product  offerings  in  master  limited  partnerships  and 
equity securities.

Basis of Presentation

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and include the accounts of Piper Sandler Companies, its wholly owned subsidiaries, 
and  all  other  entities  in  which  the  Company  has  a  controlling  financial  interest.  Noncontrolling  interests  represent  equity 
interests  in  consolidated  entities  that  are  not  attributable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies. 
Noncontrolling interests include the minority equity holders' proportionate share of the equity in the Company's alternative 
asset management funds. All material intercompany balances have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to 
make  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  financial 
statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period.  Although  these  estimates  and 
assumptions are based on the best information available, actual results could differ from those estimates.

69

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Principles of Consolidation

The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it 
has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") or a 
voting interest entity.

VIEs  are  entities  in  which  (i)  the  total  equity  investment  at  risk  is  not  sufficient  to  enable  the  entity  to  finance  its 
activities  independently  or  (ii)  the  at-risk  equity  holders  do  not  have  the  normal  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial 
interest. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has one or more variable interests that have 
both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (ii) 
the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to 
the VIE. The enterprise with a controlling financial interest is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE.

Voting interest entities lack one or more of the characteristics of a VIE. The usual condition for a controlling financial 
interest  is  ownership  of  a  majority  voting  interest  for  a  corporation  or  a  majority  of  kick-out  or  participating  rights  for  a 
limited partnership.

When the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but exerts significant influence over the 
entity's operating and financial policies, the Company's investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. If 
the  Company  does  not  have  a  controlling  financial  interest  in,  or  exert  significant  influence  over,  an  entity,  the  Company 
accounts for its investment at fair value, if the fair value option was elected, or at cost.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of 

origination.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, 
but  not  yet  purchased  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  consist  of  financial  instruments  (including 
securities with extended settlements and derivative contracts) recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses related to 
these  financial  instruments  are  reflected  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Securities  (both  long  and  short), 
including securities with extended settlements, are recognized on a trade-date basis. Additionally, certain of the Company's 
investments on the consolidated statements of financial condition are recorded at fair value, either as required by accounting 
guidance or through the fair value election.

Fair  Value  Measurement  –  Definition  and  Hierarchy  –  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  Accounting 
Standards  Codification  Topic  820,  "Fair  Value  Measurement,"  ("ASC  820")  defines  fair  value  as  the  amount  at  which  an 
instrument could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). 
ASC  820  establishes  a  fair  value  hierarchy  based  on  the  inputs  used  to  measure  fair  value.  The  fair  value  hierarchy 
maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs 
be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based 
on  market  data  obtained  from  independent  sources.  Unobservable  inputs  reflect  management's  assumptions  that  market 
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. 
The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

Level I – Quoted prices (unadjusted) are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the report date. 
A quoted price for an identical asset or liability in an active market provides the most reliable fair value measurement 
because it is directly observable to the market. 

70

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Level II – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable 
as of the report date. The nature of these financial instruments include instruments for which quoted prices are available 
but traded less frequently, instruments whose fair value have been derived using a model where inputs to the model are 
directly  observable  in  the  market,  or  can  be  derived  principally  from  or  corroborated  by  observable  market  data,  and 
instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed. 

Level III – Instruments that have little to no pricing observability as of the report date. These financial instruments are 
measured using management's best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require 
significant management judgment or estimation. 

Valuation  of  Financial  Instruments  –  Based  on  the  nature  of  the  Company's  business  and  its  role  as  a  "dealer"  in  the 
securities  industry  or  as  a  manager  of  alternative  asset  management  funds,  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  are 
determined  internally.  When  available,  the  Company  values  financial  instruments  at  observable  market  prices,  observable 
market  parameters,  or  broker  or  dealer  prices  (bid  and  ask  prices).  In  the  case  of  financial  instruments  transacted  on 
recognized  exchanges,  the  observable  market  prices  represent  quotations  for  completed  transactions  from  the  exchange  on 
which the financial instrument is principally traded.

A substantial percentage of the fair value of the Company's financial instruments and other inventory positions owned 
and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, are based on observable market prices, 
observable  market  parameters,  or  derived  from  broker  or  dealer  prices.  The  availability  of  observable  market  prices  and 
pricing  parameters  can  vary  from  product  to  product.  Where  available,  observable  market  prices  and  pricing  or  market 
parameters in a product may be used to derive a price without requiring significant judgment. In certain markets, observable 
market  prices  or  market  parameters  are  not  available  for  all  products,  and  fair  value  is  determined  using  techniques 
appropriate for each particular product. These techniques involve some degree of judgment. Results from valuation models 
and other techniques in one period may not be indicative of future period fair value measurement.

For investments in illiquid or privately held securities that do not have readily determinable fair values, the determination 
of fair value requires the Company to estimate the value of the securities using the best information available. Among the 
factors  considered  by  the  Company  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  such  financial  instruments  are  the  cost,  terms  and 
liquidity  of  the  investment,  the  financial  condition  and  operating  results  of  the  issuer,  the  quoted  market  price  of  publicly 
traded  securities  with  similar  quality  and  yield,  and  other  factors  generally  pertinent  to  the  valuation  of  investments.  In 
instances where a security is subject to transfer restrictions, the value of the security is based primarily on the quoted price of 
a similar security without restriction but may be reduced by an amount estimated to reflect such restrictions. In addition, even 
where the Company derives the value of a security based on information from an independent source, certain assumptions 
may  be  required  to  determine  the  security's  fair  value.  For  instance,  the  Company  assumes  that  the  size  of  positions  in 
securities that it holds would not be large enough to affect the quoted price of the securities if the Company sells them, and 
that any such sale would happen in an orderly manner. The actual value realized upon disposition could be different from the 
currently estimated fair value.

Fixed Assets

Fixed  assets  include  furniture  and  equipment,  software  and  leasehold  improvements.  Furniture  and  equipment  and 
software  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  estimated  useful  lives  of  three  to  ten  years.  Leasehold 
improvements are amortized over ten years or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Leases

A lease is a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for 
a  period  of  time  in  exchange  for  consideration.  In  making  this  determination,  the  Company  considers  if  it  obtains 
substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the asset 
is used during the term of the contract.

71

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company leases its corporate headquarters and other offices under various non-cancelable leases, all of which are 
operating leases. In addition to rent, the leases require payment of real estate taxes, insurance and common area maintenance. 
Some  of  the  leases  contain  renewal  and/or  termination  options,  escalation  clauses,  rent-free  holidays  and  operating  cost 
adjustments. The original terms of the Company's lease agreements generally range up to 12 years.

The  Company  recognizes  a  right-of-use  ("ROU")  lease  asset  and  lease  liability  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial condition for all leases with a term greater than 12 months. The lease liability represents the Company’s obligation 
to make future lease payments and is recorded at an amount equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments due 
over  the  lease  term.  The  ROU  lease  asset,  which  represents  the  right  to  use  the  underlying  asset  during  the  lease  term,  is 
measured based on the carrying value of the lease liability, adjusted for other items, such as lease incentives and uneven rent 
payments. 

The  discount  rate  used  to  determine  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease  payments  reflects  the  Company’s 
incremental  borrowing  rate,  which  is  the  rate  the  Company  would  have  to  pay  to  borrow  on  a  collateralized  basis  over  a 
similar  term  in  a  similar  economic  environment.  In  calculating  its  discount  rates,  the  Company  takes  into  consideration  a 
financing  arrangement  that  is  on  a  secured  (i.e.,  collateralized)  basis,  as  well  as  market  interest  rates  and  spreads,  other 
reference  points,  and  the  respective  tenors  of  the  Company’s  designated  lease  term  ranges.  The  Company  applies  the 
portfolio approach in determining the discount rates for its leases.

For  leases  that  contain  escalation  clauses  or  rent-free  holidays,  the  Company  recognizes  the  related  rent  expense  on  a 
straight-line  basis  from  the  date  the  Company  takes  possession  of  the  property  to  the  end  of  the  initial  lease  term.  The 
Company  records  any  difference  between  the  straight-line  rent  expense  and  amounts  paid  under  the  leases  as  part  of  the 
amortization of the ROU lease asset.

Cash or lease incentives received upon entering into certain leases are recognized on a straight-line basis as a reduction 
of rent expense from the date the Company takes possession of the property or receives the cash to the end of the initial lease 
term. Lease incentives, which initially reduce the ROU lease asset, are a component of the amortization of the ROU lease 
asset.

Rent expense for leases with a term of 12 months or less is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the 

consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the fair value of the consideration transferred in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at 
the acquisition date. The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-life intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis and 
on an interim basis when circumstances exist that could indicate possible impairment. The Company tests for impairment at 
the reporting unit level, which is generally one level below its operating segments. The Company has identified one reporting 
unit:  Capital  Markets.  When  testing  for  impairment,  the  Company  has  the  option  to  first  assess  qualitative  factors  to 
determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after 
making an assessment, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than 
its carrying amount, then further analysis is unnecessary. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, then the Company 
is  required  to  perform  a  quantitative  goodwill  test,  which  requires  management  to  make  judgments  in  determining  what 
assumptions  to  use  in  the  calculation.  The  quantitative  goodwill  test  compares  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  to  its 
carrying  value,  including  allocated  goodwill.  An  impairment  is  recognized  for  the  excess  amount  of  a  reporting  unit's 
carrying value over its fair value. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is derived based on valuation techniques that a 
market  participant  would  use.  The  Company  estimates  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  using  the  income  approach 
(discounted  cash  flow  method)  and  market  approach  (earnings  and/or  transaction  multiples).  See  Note  12  for  additional 
information on the Company's impairment testing.

72

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Intangible  assets  with  determinable  lives  consist  of  customer  relationships,  internally  developed  software  and  the 
Simmons  &  Company  International  ("Simmons")  trade  name  that  are  amortized  over  their  original  estimated  useful  lives 
ranging from one to eight years. The pattern of amortization reflects the timing of the realization of the economic benefits of 
such intangible assets. The Sandler trade name is an indefinite-lived intangible asset, which is not amortized and is evaluated 
annually, at a minimum, or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying 
amount.

Investments

The  Company's  investments  include  equity  investments  in  private  companies  and  partnerships.  Equity  investments  in 
private companies are accounted for at fair value, as required by accounting guidance or if the fair value option was elected. 
Investments in partnerships are accounted for under the equity method, which is generally the net asset value. 

Other Assets

Other  assets  include  receivables  and  prepaid  expenses.  Receivables  include  fee  receivables,  income  tax  receivables, 
accrued interest, and loans made to employees, typically in connection with their recruitment. Employee loans are forgiven 
based on continued employment and are amortized to compensation and benefits expense using the straight-line method over 
the respective terms of the loans, which generally range from two to four years.

Revenue Recognition

Investment Banking – Investment banking revenues, which include advisory and underwriting fees, are recorded when 
the performance obligation for the transaction is satisfied under the terms of each engagement. Expenses associated with such 
transactions  are  deferred  until  the  related  revenue  is  recognized  or  the  engagement  is  otherwise  concluded.  Investment 
banking revenues are presented gross of related client reimbursed deal expenses. Expenses for completed deals are reported 
separately  in  deal-related  expenses  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Expenses  related  to  investment  banking 
deals  not  completed  are  recognized  as  non-interest  expenses  in  their  respective  category  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations. 

The Company's advisory fees generally consist of a nonrefundable up-front fee and a success fee. The nonrefundable fee 
is recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt and recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied, or 
when the transaction is deemed by management to be terminated. Management's judgment is required in determining when a 
transaction is considered to be terminated. 

The  substantial  majority  of  the  Company's  advisory  and  underwriting  fees  (i.e.,  the  success-related  advisory  fee)  are 
considered variable consideration and recognized when it is probable that the variable consideration will not be reversed in a 
future period. The variable consideration is considered to be constrained until satisfaction of the performance obligation. The 
Company's  performance  obligation  is  generally  satisfied  at  a  point  in  time  upon  the  closing  of  a  strategic  transaction, 
completion of a financing or underwriting arrangement, or some other defined outcome (e.g., providing a fairness opinion). 
At  this  time,  the  Company  has  transferred  control  of  the  promised  service  and  the  customer  obtains  control.  As  these 
arrangements  represent  a  single  performance  obligation,  allocation  of  the  transaction  price  is  not  necessary.  The  Company 
has elected to apply the following optional exemptions regarding disclosure of its remaining performance obligations: (i) the 
Company's performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less and/or (ii) 
the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a 
single performance obligation. 

73

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Institutional  Brokerage  –  Institutional  brokerage  revenues  include  (i)  commissions  received  from  customers  for  the 
execution of brokerage transactions in listed and over-the-counter (OTC) equity, fixed income and convertible debt securities, 
which  are  recognized  at  a  point  in  time  on  the  trade  date  because  the  customer  has  obtained  the  rights  to  the  underlying 
security provided by the trade execution service, (ii) trading gains and losses, recorded based on changes in the fair value of 
long  and  short  security  positions  in  the  reporting  period,  (iii)  fees  earned  by  PSLS  related  to  the  brokering  of  loans  and 
servicing  rights  in  market  liquidity  transactions,  which  are  recognized  at  a  point  in  time  on  the    trade  date,  and  (iv)  fees 
received  by  the  Company  for  equity  research.  The  Company  permits  institutional  customers  to  allocate  a  portion  of  their 
gross commissions to pay for research products and other services provided by third parties. The amounts allocated for those 
purposes are commonly referred to as commission share agreements or "soft dollar" arrangements. As the Company is not 
acting  as  a  principal  in  satisfying  the  performance  obligation  for  these  arrangements,  expenses  relating  to  soft  dollars  are 
netted against commission revenues and included in other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated statements of 
financial condition.

Interest  Revenue  and  Expense  –  The  Company  nets  interest  expense  within  net  revenues  to  mitigate  the  effects  of 
fluctuations in interest rates on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes contractual 
interest  on  financial  instruments  owned  and  financial  instruments  sold,  but  not  yet  purchased  (excluding  derivative 
instruments), on an accrual basis as a component of interest revenue and expense. The Company accounts for interest related 
to its short-term and long-term financing arrangements on an accrual basis with related interest recorded as interest expense. 

Investment Income – Investment income includes realized and unrealized gains and losses from the Company's merchant 
banking,  energy  and  other  firm  investments,  as  well  as  management  and  performance  fees  generated  from  the  Company’s 
alternative asset management funds. 

The performance obligation related to the transfer of management and investment advisory services is satisfied over time 
and  the  related  management  fees  are  recognized  under  the  output  method,  which  reflects  the  fees  that  the  Company  has  a 
right  to  invoice  based  on  the  services  provided  during  the  period.  Fees  are  defined  as  a  percentage  of  committed  and/or 
invested capital. Amounts related to remaining performance obligations are not disclosed as the Company applies the output 
method.

Performance fees, if earned, are recognized when it is probable that such revenue will not be reversed in a future period. 
Management will consider such factors as the remaining assets and residual life of the fund to conclude whether it is probable 
that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur in the future. 

See Note 22 for revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major business activity.

Stock-Based Compensation

FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation," ("ASC 718") requires all 
stock-based compensation to be expensed on the consolidated statements of operations based on the grant date fair value of 
the award. Compensation expense related to stock-based awards that do not require future service are recognized in the year 
in which the awards were deemed to be earned. Stock-based awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant 
service period. Forfeitures of awards with service conditions are accounted for when they occur. See Note 20 for additional 
information on the Company's accounting for stock-based compensation.

74

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, which includes all of its qualifying subsidiaries. The 
Company  is  also  subject  to  income  tax  in  various  states  and  municipalities  and  those  foreign  jurisdictions  in  which  it 
operates. Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized 
for  the  expected  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  temporary  differences  between  amounts  reported  for  income  tax 
purposes and financial statement purposes, using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which 
those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed and a 
valuation allowance is recognized to the extent that it is more likely than not that any portion of a deferred tax asset will not 
be  realized.  Tax  reserves  for  uncertain  tax  positions  are  recorded  in  accordance  with  FASB  Accounting  Standards 
Codification Topic 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740").

Earnings Per Share

Basic  earnings  per  common  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  applicable  to  common  shareholders  by  the 
weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by 
adjusting  the  weighted  average  outstanding  shares  to  assume  conversion  of  all  potentially  dilutive  stock  options,  restricted 
stock units and restricted shares. For periods prior to 2020, the Company calculated earnings per share using the two-class 
method. See Note 21 for additional information on the Company's calculation of earnings per share.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company consolidates foreign subsidiaries which have designated their local currency as their functional currency. 
Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated at period-end rates of exchange. The gains or losses resulting 
from  translating  foreign  currency  financial  statements  are  included  in  other  comprehensive  income/(loss).  Gains  or  losses 
resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income.

Contingencies

The Company is involved in various pending and potential legal proceedings related to its business, including litigation, 
arbitration  and  regulatory  proceedings.  The  Company  establishes  reserves  for  potential  losses  to  the  extent  that  claims  are 
probable  of  loss  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  can  be  reasonably  estimated.  The  determination  of  the  outcome  and  reserve 
amounts requires significant judgment on the part of the Company's management.

Note 3 Recent Accounting Pronouncements 

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  ("ASU")  No.  2016-13,  "Financial  Instruments  –  Credit 
Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"). The new guidance requires 
an entity to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, 
current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts as opposed to delaying recognition until the loss was probable of 
occurring.  ASU  2016-13  became  effective  for  the  Company  as  of  January  1,  2020.  There  was  no  material  impact  to  the 
Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASU 2016-13.

75

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 4 Acquisitions 

The  following  acquisitions  were  accounted  for  pursuant  to  FASB  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  805, 
"Business  Combinations."  Accordingly,  the  purchase  price  of  each  acquisition  was  allocated  to  the  acquired  assets  and 
liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition dates. The excess of the purchase price 
over the net assets acquired was allocated between goodwill and intangible assets. The fair value of the equity consideration 
and retention-related restricted stock was determined using the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of 
the respective acquisition. 

SOP Holdings, LLC

On  January  3,  2020,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  SOP  Holdings,  LLC  and  its  subsidiaries,  including 
Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. (collectively, "Sandler O'Neill"), a full-service investment banking firm and broker dealer 
focused on the financial services industry. The transaction was completed pursuant to the Agreement and Plans of Merger 
dated July 9, 2019. The purchase price was $485.0 million, for which the Company was entitled to receive $100.0 million of 
tangible book value, subject to a final adjustment as of the closing date. The acquisition of Sandler O'Neill is accretive to the 
Company's  advisory  services  revenues,  diversifies  and  enhances  scale  in  corporate  financings,  adds  a  differentiated  fixed 
income business, and increases scale in the equity brokerage business.

The  net  assets  acquired  by  the  Company  are  described  below.  As  part  of  the  purchase  price,  the  Company  granted 
1,568,670 restricted shares valued at $124.9 million as equity consideration on the acquisition date. These restricted shares 
are generally subject to ratable vesting over three years and employees must fulfill service requirements in exchange for the 
rights  to  the  restricted  shares.  Compensation  expense  will  be  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service 
period of three years.  

The Company also entered into acquisition-related compensation arrangements with certain employees of $113.9 million 
which consisted of restricted stock ($96.9 million) and restricted cash ($17.0 million) for retention purposes. The retention-
related awards are also subject to vesting restrictions and employees must remain continuously employed by the Company for 
the respective vesting period. Compensation expense related to these arrangements will be amortized on a straight-line basis 
over the requisite service period of 18 months, three years or five years (a weighted average service period of 3.7 years). 

The  Company  recorded  $94.4  million  of  goodwill  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition,  of  which 
$93.4  million  is  expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the 
reputation and operating expertise of Sandler O'Neill. Identifiable intangible assets purchased by the Company consisted of 
customer  relationships  and  the  Sandler  trade  name  with  acquisition-date  fair  values  of  $72.4  million  and  $85.4  million, 
respectively.

Transaction  costs  of  $1.2  million  and  $4.8  million  were  incurred  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  2019, 

respectively, and are included in restructuring and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

76

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  summarizes  the  estimated  fair  values  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  at  the  date  of  the 

acquisition, including measurement period adjustments:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents...............................................................................................................
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations........................................................
Fixed assets......................................................................................................................................
Goodwill..........................................................................................................................................
Intangible assets...............................................................................................................................
Investments......................................................................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset...................................................................................................................
Other assets......................................................................................................................................
Total assets acquired..........................................................................................................................

$ 

Liabilities

Accrued compensation....................................................................................................................
Accrued lease liability.....................................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses.............................................................................................
Due to Sandler O'Neill (1)...............................................................................................................
Total liabilities assumed.....................................................................................................................

27,420 
192,675 
6,789 
94,360 
157,800 
685 
39,607 
9,628 
528,964 

71,398 
39,613 
16,441 
40,673 
168,125 

Net assets acquired.............................................................................................................................

$ 

360,839 

(1) Represents the amount of excess tangible book value received by the Company on the date of acquisition.

The Valence Group ("Valence")

On  April  3,  2020,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  Valence,  an  investment  bank  offering  mergers  and 
acquisitions  advisory  services  to  companies  and  financial  sponsors  with  a  focus  on  the  chemicals,  materials  and  related 
sectors. The transaction was completed pursuant to the share purchase agreement dated February 20, 2020, as amended. The 
acquisition adds a new industry sector and expands the Company's presence in Europe. 

The net assets acquired by the Company are described below. As part of the purchase price, the Company entered into 
unsecured promissory notes with the former owners totaling $20.0 million (the "Valence Notes"), as discussed in Note 15. 
The Valence Notes were repaid in early 2021. The Company also granted 647,268 restricted shares valued at $31.2 million as 
equity  consideration  on  the  acquisition  date.  In  addition,  the  Company  entered  into  acquisition-related  compensation 
arrangements with certain employees of $5.5 million in restricted stock for retention purposes. Both the equity consideration 
and retention-related restricted shares are subject to graded vesting, beginning on the third anniversary of the acquisition date, 
so long as the applicable employee remains continuously employed by the Company for such period. Compensation expense 
will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of five years. 

Additional  cash  may  be  earned  by  certain  employees  if  a  revenue  threshold  is  exceeded  during  the  three-year  post-
acquisition period to the extent they are employed by the Company at the time of payment. Amounts estimated to be payable, 
if any, will be recorded as compensation expense on the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite performance 
period. If earned, the amount will be paid by July 3, 2023. 

The Company recorded $33.3 million of goodwill on the consolidated statements of financial condition, none of which is 
expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the  reputation  and 
operating expertise of Valence. Identifiable intangible assets purchased by the Company consisted of customer relationships 
with an acquisition-date fair value of $14.8 million.

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Transaction costs of $2.5 million were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2020 and are included in restructuring 

and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

The  following  table  summarizes  the  estimated  fair  values  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  at  the  date  of  the 

acquisition:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents...............................................................................................................
Fixed assets......................................................................................................................................
Goodwill..........................................................................................................................................
Intangible assets...............................................................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset...................................................................................................................
Other assets......................................................................................................................................
Total assets acquired..........................................................................................................................

$ 

Liabilities

Accrued lease liability.....................................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses.............................................................................................
Total liabilities assumed.....................................................................................................................

Net assets acquired.............................................................................................................................

$ 

TRS Advisors LLC ("TRS")

8,181 
256 
33,300 
14,800 
3,279 
4,190 
64,006 

3,279 
10,393 
13,672 

50,334 

On  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  TRS,  an  advisory  firm  offering  restructuring  and 
reorganization services to companies in public, private and government settings. The transaction was completed pursuant to 
the  equity  purchase  agreement  dated  December  8,  2020.  The  acquisition  expands  the  scale  of  the  Company's  restructuring 
advisory business.

The net assets acquired by the Company are described below. In addition to cash consideration, as part of the purchase 
price, the Company granted 145,952 restricted shares valued at $14.7 million as equity consideration on the acquisition date. 
The equity consideration restricted shares are subject to graded vesting, beginning on the third anniversary of the acquisition 
date,  so  long  as  the  applicable  employee  remains  continuously  employed  by  the  Company  for  such  period.  Compensation 
expense will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of five years. In addition, the Company 
entered  into  acquisition-related  compensation  arrangements  with  certain  employees  of  $2.9  million  in  restricted  stock  for 
retention purposes. These restricted shares are subject to ratable vesting and employees must fulfill service requirements in 
exchange  for  the  rights  to  the  restricted  shares.  Compensation  expense  will  be  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the 
requisite service period of three years. 

Additional cash of $7.0 million may be earned by certain employees if a revenue threshold is exceeded during the three-
year post-acquisition period to the extent they are employed by the Company at the time of payment. Amounts estimated to 
be payable, if any, will be recorded as compensation expense on the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite 
performance period. If earned, the amount will be paid by April 3, 2024. 

The Company recorded $12.2 million of goodwill on the consolidated statements of financial condition, all of which is 
expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The final goodwill recorded on the Company's consolidated statements of 
financial  condition  may  differ  from  that  reflected  herein  as  a  result  of  measurement  period  adjustments.  In  management's 
opinion, the goodwill represents the reputation and operating expertise of TRS. Identifiable intangible assets purchased by the 
Company consisted of customer relationships with an acquisition-date fair value of $5.3 million.

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Transaction costs of $0.8 million were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2020 and are included in restructuring 

and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

The  following  table  summarizes  the  estimated  fair  values  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  at  the  date  of  the 

acquisition:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents...............................................................................................................
Goodwill..........................................................................................................................................
Intangible assets...............................................................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset...................................................................................................................
Other assets......................................................................................................................................
Total assets acquired..........................................................................................................................

$ 

Liabilities

Accrued compensation.....................................................................................................................
Accrued lease liability.....................................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses.............................................................................................
Total liabilities assumed.....................................................................................................................

7 
12,199 
5,300 
1,818 
6,423 
25,747 

23 
1,818 
7 
1,848 

Net assets acquired.............................................................................................................................

$ 

23,899 

Weeden & Co. L.P. ("Weeden & Co.")

On  August  2,  2019,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  Weeden  &  Co.,  a  broker  dealer  specializing  in  equity 
security  sales  and  trading.  The  economic  value  of  the  acquisition  was  approximately  $42.0  million  and  was  completed 
pursuant  to  a  securities  purchase  agreement  dated  February  24,  2019,  as  amended.  The  transaction  added  enhanced  trade 
execution capabilities and scale to the Company's equities institutional sales and trading business.

The  net  assets  acquired  by  the  Company  are  described  below.  As  part  of  the  purchase  price,  the  Company  granted 
$10.1 million in restricted cash as consideration on the acquisition date. The Company also entered into acquisition-related 
compensation  arrangements  with  certain  employees  of  $7.3  million  in  restricted  stock  for  retention  purposes.  Both  the 
restricted cash and restricted stock are subject to graded vesting, beginning on the third anniversary of the acquisition date, so 
long  as  the  applicable  employee  remains  continuously  employed  by  the  Company  for  such  period.  Compensation  expense 
will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of four years. 

Additional  cash  of  up  to  $31.5  million  may  be  earned  if  a  net  revenue  target  is  achieved  during  the  period  from 
January  1,  2020  to  June  30,  2021  ("Weeden  Earnout").  Weeden  &  Co.'s  equity  owners,  a  portion  of  whom  are  now 
employees  of  the  Company,  are  eligible  to  receive  the  additional  payment.  Employees  must  fulfill  service  requirements  in 
exchange  for  the  rights  to  the  additional  payment.  Amounts  estimated  to  be  payable  to  employees  will  be  recorded  as 
compensation  expense  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  over  the  requisite  performance  period.  The  Company 
recorded  a  liability  as  of  the  acquisition  date  for  the  fair  value  related  to  non-employee  equity  owners,  and  is  required  to 
adjust  this  liability  through  the  statement  of  operations  for  any  changes  after  the  acquisition  date.  If  earned,  the  Weeden 
Earnout will be paid by September 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the Company expects the maximum Weeden Earnout 
will  be  earned  and  has  accrued  a  total  of  $25.0  million  related  to  this  additional  cash  payment.  The  Company  recorded 
$24.1 million in non-interest expenses related to the Weeden Earnout for the year ended December 31, 2020.

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company recorded $5.8 million of goodwill on the consolidated statements of financial condition, all of which is 
expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the  reputation  and 
operating  expertise  of  Weeden  &  Co.  Identifiable  intangible  assets  purchased  by  the  Company  consisted  of  customer 
relationships  and  internally  developed  software  with  acquisition-date  fair  values  of  $12.0  million  and  $4.7  million, 
respectively. 

Transaction costs of $1.9 million were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2019, and are included in restructuring 

and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

The  following  table  summarizes  the  estimated  fair  values  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  at  the  date  of  the 

acquisition, including measurement period adjustments: 

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents...............................................................................................................
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations........................................................
Fixed assets......................................................................................................................................
Goodwill..........................................................................................................................................
Intangible assets...............................................................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset...................................................................................................................
Other assets......................................................................................................................................
Total assets acquired..........................................................................................................................

$ 

Liabilities

Accrued compensation....................................................................................................................
Accrued lease liability.....................................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses.............................................................................................
Total liabilities assumed.....................................................................................................................

Net assets acquired.............................................................................................................................

$ 

4,351 
1,623 
289 
5,794 
16,700 
6,811 
7,675 
43,243 

2,156 
6,811 
10,251 
19,218 

24,025 

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Pro Forma Financial Information

The  results  of  operations  of  Sandler  O'Neill,  Valence,  TRS  and  Weeden  &  Co.  have  been  included  in  the  Company's 
consolidated  financial  statements  prospectively  beginning  on  the  respective  acquisition  dates.  The  acquisitions  have  been 
fully  integrated  with  the  Company's  existing  operations.  Accordingly,  post-acquisition  revenues  and  net  income  are  not 
discernible.  The  following  unaudited  pro  forma  financial  data  is  presented  on  a  combined  basis.  Based  on  the  respective 
acquisition dates, the unaudited pro forma financial data assumes that the Sandler O’Neill, Valence and TRS acquisitions had 
occurred on  January 1, 2018, the beginning of the comparable prior period presented, and that the Weeden & Co. acquisition 
had  occurred  on  January  1,  2017.  Pro  forma  results  have  been  prepared  by  adjusting  the  Company's  historical  results  to 
include the results of operations of Sandler O'Neill, Valence, TRS and Weeden & Co. adjusted for the following significant 
changes: interest expense was adjusted to reflect the debt incurred by the Company to fund portions of the Sandler O’Neill 
and  Valence  purchase  price;  amortization  expense  was  adjusted  to  account  for  the  acquisition-date  fair  value  of  intangible 
assets; compensation and benefits expenses were adjusted to reflect the restricted cash or restricted stock issued as part of the 
respective purchase price, the restricted stock issued for retention purposes, and the cost that would have been incurred had 
Sandler  O’Neill  partners  and  Valence  and  TRS  employees  been  included  in  the  Company’s  employee  compensation 
arrangements; and the income tax effect of applying the Company's statutory tax rates to the results of operations of Sandler 
O'Neill, Valence, TRS and Weeden & Co. The Company's consolidated unaudited pro forma information presented does not 
necessarily reflect the results of operations that would have resulted had the acquisitions been completed at the beginning of 
the applicable periods presented, does not contemplate client account overlap and anticipated operational efficiencies of the 
combined entities, nor does it indicate the results of operations in future periods.

(Amounts in thousands)

Net revenues.........................................................................................
Net income from continuing operations applicable to Piper Sandler 
Companies..........................................................................................

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2020

2018

$ 

1,289,331  $ 

1,252,260  $ 

1,183,131 

44,453 

73,952 

6,327 

81

 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 5 Discontinued Operations 

In the third quarter of 2019, the Company completed the sale of its traditional asset management business, which was 
conducted through its wholly-owned subsidiary ARI. On September 20, 2019, the Company completed the sale of the master 
limited  partnerships  and  energy  infrastructure  strategies  business  to  Tortoise  Capital  Advisors.  Additionally,  on  September 
27, 2019, the Company completed the sale of its remaining equity strategies business to its former management team. The 
transactions generated cash proceeds of $53.9 million.

ARI's results, previously reported in the Asset Management segment, have been presented as discontinued operations for 
all  prior  periods  presented  and  the  related  assets  and  liabilities  were  classified  as  held  for  sale.  The  components  of 
discontinued operations were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
Net revenues....................................................................................................................

Year Ended December 31,

2019

2018

$ 

26,546  $ 

43,489 

Operating expenses.......................................................................................................
Intangible asset amortization (1)...................................................................................
Restructuring costs........................................................................................................
Total non-interest expenses.............................................................................................

22,589 
5,465 
10,268 
38,322 

35,227 
5,602 
272 
41,101 

Income/(loss) from discontinued operations before income tax expense/(benefit).........

(11,776)   

2,388 

Income tax expense/(benefit)........................................................................................

(2,522)   

1,001 

Income/(loss) from discontinued operations before gain on sales...................................

(9,254)   

1,387 

Gain on sales, net of tax...................................................................................................

33,026 

— 

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax............................................................

$ 

23,772  $ 

1,387 

(1)

Includes $2.9 million of intangible asset impairment related to the ARI trade name for the year ended December 31, 2019.

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note  6  Financial  Instruments  and  Other  Inventory  Positions  Owned  and  Financial  Instruments  and  Other  Inventory 

Positions Sold, but Not Yet Purchased 

(Amounts in thousands)
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned:
Corporate securities:

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Equity securities...........................................................................................................
Convertible securities...................................................................................................
Fixed income securities................................................................................................

$ 

Municipal securities:

Taxable securities.........................................................................................................
Tax-exempt securities...................................................................................................
Short-term securities....................................................................................................
Mortgage-backed securities............................................................................................
U.S. government agency securities.................................................................................
U.S. government securities.............................................................................................
Derivative contracts........................................................................................................
Total financial instruments and other inventory positions owned..................................

Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased:
Corporate securities:

Equity securities...........................................................................................................
Fixed income securities................................................................................................
U.S. government agency securities.................................................................................
U.S. government securities.............................................................................................
Derivative contracts........................................................................................................
Total financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased..

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,349 
146,088 
18,432 

6,267 
67,944 
28,592 
13 
9,146 
100,275 
23,446 
401,552 

105,190 
18,789 
— 
21,669 
5,382 
151,030 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,046 
146,406 
28,176 

22,570 
222,192 
67,901 
13 
51,773 
77,303 
20,382 
639,762 

94,036 
10,311 
9,935 
67,090 
4,053 
185,425 

At  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  in  the  amount  of 

$130.7 million and $205.7 million, respectively, had been pledged as collateral for short-term financings.

Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased represent obligations of the Company to 
deliver  the  specified  security  at  the  contracted  price,  thereby  creating  a  liability  to  purchase  the  security  in  the  market  at 
prevailing  prices.  The  Company  is  obligated  to  acquire  the  securities  sold  short  at  prevailing  market  prices,  which  may 
exceed  the  amount  reflected  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition.  The  Company  economically  hedges 
changes in the market value of its financial instruments and other inventory positions owned using inventory positions sold, 
but not yet purchased, interest rate derivatives, and U.S. treasury bond futures and options.

Derivative Contract Financial Instruments

The  Company  uses  interest  rate  swaps,  interest  rate  locks,  U.S.  treasury  bond  futures  and  options,  and  equity  option 
contracts  as  a  means  to  manage  risk  in  certain  inventory  positions.  The  Company  also  enters  into  interest  rate  swaps  to 
facilitate customer transactions. The following describes the Company's derivatives by the type of transaction or security the 
instruments are economically hedging.

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Customer matched-book derivatives: The Company enters into interest rate derivative contracts in a principal capacity as 
a  dealer  to  satisfy  the  financial  needs  of  its  customers.  The  Company  simultaneously  enters  into  an  interest 
rate derivative contract with a third party for the same notional amount to hedge the interest rate and credit risk of the initial 
client interest rate derivative contract. In certain limited instances, the Company has only hedged interest rate risk with a third 
party, and retains uncollateralized credit risk as described below. The instruments use interest rates based upon the London 
Interbank  Offered  Rate  ("LIBOR")  index,  the  Municipal  Market  Data  ("MMD")  index  or  the  Securities  Industry  and 
Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA") index.

Trading  securities  derivatives:  The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  derivative  contracts  and  uses  U.S.  treasury  bond 
futures  and  options  to  hedge  interest  rate  and  market  value  risks  associated  with  its  fixed  income  securities.  These 
instruments use interest rates based upon the MMD index, LIBOR or the SIFMA index. The Company also enters into equity 
option contracts to hedge market value risk associated with its convertible securities.

Derivatives  are  reported  on  a  net  basis  by  counterparty  (i.e.,  the  net  payable  or  receivable  for  derivative  assets  and 
liabilities for a given counterparty) when a legal right of offset exists and on a net basis by cross product when applicable 
provisions are stated in master netting agreements. Cash collateral received or paid is netted on a counterparty basis, provided 
a legal right of offset exists. The total absolute notional contract amount, representing the absolute value of the sum of gross 
long and short derivative contracts, provides an indication of the volume of the Company's derivative activity and does not 
represent gains and losses. The following table presents the gross fair market value and the total absolute notional contract 
amount of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments, prior to counterparty netting, by asset or liability position:

(Amounts in thousands)
Derivative Category
Interest rate

Customer matched-book..
Trading securities.............

Derivative
Assets (1)

December 31, 2020
Derivative
Liabilities (2)

Notional
Amount

Derivative
Assets (1)

December 31, 2019
Derivative
Liabilities (2)

Notional
Amount

$ 

$ 

233,116  $ 
— 
233,116  $ 

223,218  $  1,955,131  $ 

209,119  $ 

4,225 

55,375 

8 

227,443  $  2,010,506  $ 

209,127  $ 

198,315  $  2,197,340 
110,875 
200,167  $  2,308,215 

1,852 

(1) Derivative assets are included within financial instruments and other inventory positions owned on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

(2) Derivative liabilities are included within financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased on the consolidated statements 

of financial condition.

The  Company's  derivative  contracts  do  not  qualify  for  hedge  accounting,  therefore,  unrealized  gains  and  losses  are 
recorded  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  The  gains  and  losses  on  the  related  economically  hedged  inventory 
positions  are  not  disclosed  below  as  they  are  not  in  qualifying  hedging  relationships.  The  following  table  presents  the 
Company's unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative instruments:

(Amounts in thousands)
Derivative Category
Interest rate derivative contract........................
Interest rate derivative contract........................

Operations Category
Investment banking
Institutional brokerage

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

$ 

$ 

(1,407)  $ 
(1,881) 
(3,288)  $ 

(912)  $ 
2,417 
1,505 

$ 

(1,880) 
334 
(1,546) 

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Credit  risk  associated  with  the  Company's  derivatives  is  the  risk  that  a  derivative  counterparty  will  not  perform  in 
accordance with the terms of the applicable derivative contract. Credit exposure associated with the Company's derivatives is 
driven by uncollateralized market movements in the fair value of the contracts with counterparties and is monitored regularly 
by  the  Company's  financial  risk  committee.  The  Company  considers  counterparty  credit  risk  in  determining  derivative 
contract fair value. The majority of the Company's derivative contracts are substantially collateralized by its counterparties, 
who  are  major  financial  institutions.  The  Company  has  a  limited  number  of  counterparties  who  are  not  required  to  post 
collateral. Based on market movements, the uncollateralized amounts representing the fair value of a derivative contract can 
become material, exposing the Company to the credit risk of these counterparties. As of December 31, 2020, the Company 
had $24.0 million of uncollateralized credit exposure with these counterparties (notional contract amount of $161.3 million), 
including $20.2 million of uncollateralized credit exposure with one counterparty.

Note 7 Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

Based on the nature of the Company's business and its role as a "dealer" in the securities industry or as a manager of 
alternative  asset  management  funds,  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  are  determined  internally.  The  Company's 
processes  are  designed  to  ensure  that  the  fair  values  used  for  financial  reporting  are  based  on  observable  inputs  wherever 
possible. In the event that observable inputs are not available, unobservable inputs are developed based on an evaluation of 
all relevant empirical market data, including prices evidenced by market transactions, interest rates, credit spreads, volatilities 
and  correlations  and  other  security-specific  information.  Valuation  adjustments  related  to  illiquidity  or  counterparty  credit 
risk  are  also  considered.  In  estimating  fair  value,  the  Company  may  utilize  information  provided  by  third  party  pricing 
vendors to corroborate internally-developed fair value estimates.

The  Company  employs  specific  control  processes  to  determine  the  reasonableness  of  the  fair  value  of  its  financial 
instruments. The Company's processes are designed to ensure that the internally-estimated fair values are accurately recorded 
and that the data inputs and the valuation techniques used are appropriate, consistently applied, and that the assumptions are 
reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value. Individuals outside of the trading departments perform 
independent pricing verification reviews as of each reporting date. The Company has established parameters which set forth 
when the fair value of securities are independently verified. The selection parameters are generally based upon the type of 
security,  the  level  of  estimation  risk  of  a  security,  the  materiality  of  the  security  to  the  Company's  consolidated  financial 
statements,  changes  in  fair  value  from  period  to  period,  and  other  specific  facts  and  circumstances  of  the  Company's 
securities portfolio. In evaluating the initial internally-estimated fair values made by the Company's traders, the nature and 
complexity of securities involved (e.g., term, coupon, collateral, and other key drivers of value), level of market activity for 
securities, and availability of market data are considered. The independent price verification procedures include, but are not 
limited to, analysis of trade data (both internal and external where available), corroboration to the valuation of positions with 
similar characteristics, risks and components, or comparison to an alternative pricing source, such as a discounted cash flow 
model. The Company's valuation committee, comprised of members of senior management and risk management, provides 
oversight and overall responsibility for the internal control processes and procedures related to fair value measurements.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value.

Cash Equivalents

Cash  equivalents  include  highly  liquid  investments  with  original  maturities  of  90  days  or  less.  Actively  traded  money 

market funds are measured at their net asset value and classified as Level I.

Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions Owned

The  Company  records  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  and  financial  instruments  and  other 
inventory  positions  sold,  but  not  yet  purchased  at  fair  value  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  with 
unrealized gains and losses reflected on the consolidated statements of operations.

85

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Equity securities – Exchange traded equity securities are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange for identical 
assets or liabilities as of the period-end date. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are 
not applied, they are categorized as Level I. Non-exchange traded equity securities (principally hybrid preferred securities) 
are  measured  primarily  using  broker  quotations,  prices  observed  for  recently  executed  market  transactions  and  internally-
developed fair value estimates based on observable inputs and are categorized within Level II of the fair value hierarchy. 

Convertible securities – Convertible securities are valued based on observable trades, when available, and therefore are 

generally categorized as Level II. 

Corporate fixed income securities – Fixed income securities include corporate bonds which are valued based on recently 
executed  market  transactions  of  comparable  size,  internally-developed  fair  value  estimates  based  on  observable  inputs,  or 
broker quotations. Accordingly, these corporate bonds are categorized as Level II.

Taxable  municipal  securities  –  Taxable  municipal  securities  are  valued  using  recently  executed  observable  trades  or 

market price quotations and therefore are generally categorized as Level II.

Tax-exempt municipal securities – Tax-exempt municipal securities are valued using recently executed observable trades 

or market price quotations and therefore are generally categorized as Level II. 

Short-term  municipal  securities  –  Short-term  municipal  securities  include  variable  rate  demand  notes  and  other  short-
term  municipal  securities.  Variable  rate  demand  notes  and  other  short-term  municipal  securities  are  valued  using  recently 
executed observable trades or market price quotations and therefore are generally categorized as Level II. 

Mortgage-backed securities – Mortgage-backed securities collateralized by residential mortgages are valued using cash 
flow  models  that  utilize  unobservable  inputs  including  credit  default  rates,  prepayment  rates,  loss  severity  and  valuation 
yields.  As  judgment  is  used  to  determine  the  range  of  these  inputs,  these  mortgage-backed  securities  are  categorized  as   
Level III.

U.S. government agency securities – U.S. government agency securities include agency debt bonds and mortgage bonds. 
Agency  debt  bonds  are  valued  by  using  either  direct  price  quotes  or  price  quotes  for  comparable  bond  securities  and  are 
categorized  as  Level  II.  Mortgage  bonds  include  bonds  secured  by  mortgages,  mortgage  pass-through  securities,  agency 
collateralized mortgage-obligation ("CMO") securities and agency interest-only securities. Mortgage pass-through securities, 
CMO securities and interest-only securities are valued using recently executed observable trades or other observable inputs, 
such as prepayment speeds and therefore are generally categorized as Level II. Mortgage bonds are valued using observable 
market inputs, such as market yields on spreads over U.S. treasury securities, or models based upon prepayment expectations. 
These securities are categorized as Level II.

U.S.  government  securities  –  U.S.  government  securities  include  highly  liquid  U.S.  treasury  securities  which  are 
generally  valued  using  quoted  market  prices  and  therefore  categorized  as  Level  I.  The  Company  does  not  transact  in 
securities of countries other than the U.S. government.

Derivative contracts – Derivative contracts include interest rate swaps, interest rate locks, U.S. treasury bond futures and 
options, and equity option contracts. These instruments derive their value from underlying assets, reference rates, indices or a 
combination of these factors. The Company's equity option derivative contracts are valued based on quoted prices from the 
exchange  for  identical  assets  or  liabilities  as  of  the  period-end  date.  To  the  extent  these  contracts  are  actively  traded  and 
valuation adjustments are not applied, they are categorized as Level I. The majority of the Company's interest rate derivative 
contracts, including both interest rate swaps and interest rate locks, are valued using market standard pricing models based on 
the net present value of estimated future cash flows. The valuation models used do not involve material subjectivity as the 
methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the pricing inputs are market observable, including contractual terms, 
yield curves and measures of volatility. These instruments are classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy. Certain 
interest  rate  locks  transact  in  less  active  markets  and  were  valued  using  valuation  models  that  included  the  previously 
mentioned observable inputs and certain unobservable inputs that required significant judgment, such as the premium over 
the MMD curve. These instruments are classified as Level III. 

86

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Investments

The  Company's  investments  valued  at  fair  value  include  equity  investments  in  private  companies  and  partnerships. 
Investments  in  private  companies  are  valued  based  on  an  assessment  of  each  underlying  security,  considering  rounds  of 
financing,  third  party  transactions  and  market-based  information,  including  comparable  company  transactions,  trading 
multiples  (e.g.,  multiples  of  revenue  and  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  ("EBITDA"))  and 
changes in market outlook, among other factors. These securities are generally categorized as Level III.

Fair  Value  Option  –  The  fair  value  option  permits  the  irrevocable  fair  value  option  election  on  an  instrument-by-
instrument basis at initial recognition of an asset or liability or upon an event that gives rise to a new basis of accounting for 
that instrument. The fair value option was elected for certain merchant banking and other investments at inception to reflect 
economic  events  in  earnings  on  a  timely  basis.  Merchant  banking  and  other  equity  investments  of  $1.8  million  and 
$2.1  million,  included  within  investments  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition,  were  accounted  for  at  fair 
value and were classified as Level III assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The realized and unrealized net 
impact from fair value changes included in earnings as a result of electing to apply the fair value option to certain financial 
assets were gains of $0.2 million, losses of $0.6 million and gains of $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 
2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value 

measurement of the Company's Level III financial instruments as of December 31, 2020:

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable Input

Range

Weighted
Average (1)

Assets
Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned:
Derivative contracts:

Interest rate locks..................

Discounted cash flow

Investments at fair value:

Equity securities in private 
companies.............................. Market approach

Premium over the MMD curve 
in basis points ("bps") (2)

1 - 3 bps

1.8 bps

Revenue multiple (2)

EBITDA multiple (2)

3 - 5 times

4.1 times

9 - 20 times

15.8 times

Liabilities

Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but 
not yet purchased:
Derivative contracts:

Interest rate locks..................

Discounted cash flow

Premium over the MMD curve 
in bps (3)

0 - 8 bps

2.4 bps

Uncertainty of fair value measurements:

(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the financial instruments.

(2) Significant increase/(decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher/(lower) fair value 

measurement.

(3) Significant increase/(decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would have resulted in a significantly lower/(higher) fair value 

measurement.

87

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  summarizes  the  valuation  of  the  Company's  financial  instruments  by  pricing  observability  levels 

defined in ASC 820 as of December 31, 2020:

Level I

Level II

Level III

Counterparty
and Cash
Collateral
Netting (1)

Total

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets
Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned:
Corporate securities:
Equity securities..............................
Convertible securities......................
Fixed income securities...................
Municipal securities:
Taxable securities............................
Tax-exempt securities......................
Short-term securities........................
Mortgage-backed securities...............
U.S. government agency securities...
U.S. government securities................
Derivative contracts...........................
Total financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned.................

$ 

$ 

330 
— 
— 

1,019 
146,088 
18,432 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
100,275 
— 

6,267 
67,944 
28,592 
— 
9,146 
— 
232,846 

100,605 

510,334 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
13 
— 
— 
270 

283 

— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

1,349 
146,088 
18,432 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(209,670) 

6,267 
67,944 
28,592 
13 
9,146 
100,275 
23,446 

(209,670) 

401,552 

— 

468,091 

Cash equivalents..................................

468,091 

— 

Investments at fair value......................
Total assets...........................................

16,496 
585,192 

$ 

5,358 
515,692 

$ 

152,995  (2)  
$ 
153,278 

— 

174,849 
(209,670)  $  1,044,492 

$ 

Liabilities
Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased:
Corporate securities:
Equity securities..............................
Fixed income securities...................
U.S. government securities................
Derivative contracts...........................
Total financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased............................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

102,013 
— 
21,669 
— 

3,177 
18,789 
— 
223,737 

— 
— 
— 
3,706 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
(222,061) 

105,190 
18,789 
21,669 
5,382 

$ 

123,682 

$ 

245,703 

$ 

3,706 

$ 

(222,061)  $ 

151,030 

(1) Represents cash collateral and the impact of netting on a counterparty basis. The Company had no securities posted as collateral to 

its counterparties.

(2)

Includes noncontrolling interests of $96.7 million primarily attributable to unrelated third party ownership in consolidated merchant 
banking funds.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  summarizes  the  valuation  of  the  Company's  financial  instruments  by  pricing  observability  levels 

defined in ASC 820 as of December 31, 2019:

Level I

Level II

Level III

Counterparty
and Cash
Collateral
Netting (1)

Total

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets
Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned:
Corporate securities:
Equity securities..............................
Convertible securities......................
Fixed income securities...................
Municipal securities:
Taxable securities............................
Tax-exempt securities......................
Short-term securities........................
Mortgage-backed securities...............
U.S. government agency securities...
U.S. government securities................
Derivative contracts...........................
Total financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned.................

$ 

$ 

469 
— 
— 

$ 

2,577 
146,406 
28,176 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
77,303 
— 

22,570 
222,192 
67,901 
— 
51,773 
— 
209,119 

77,772 

750,714 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
13 
— 
— 
8 

21 

— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 

3,046 
146,406 
28,176 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(188,745) 

22,570 
222,192 
67,901 
13 
51,773 
77,303 
20,382 

(188,745) 

639,762 

— 

226,744 

Cash equivalents..................................

226,744 

— 

Investments at fair value......................
Total assets...........................................

17,658 
322,174 

$ 

— 
750,714 

$ 

132,329  (2)  
$ 
132,350 

— 

149,987 
(188,745)  $  1,016,493 

$ 

Liabilities
Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased:
Corporate securities:
Equity securities..............................
Fixed income securities...................
U.S. government agency securities...
U.S. government securities................
Derivative contracts...........................
Total financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased............................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

88,794 
— 
— 
67,090 
— 

5,242 
10,311 
9,935 
— 
198,604 

— 
— 
— 
— 
1,563 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
(196,114) 

94,036 
10,311 
9,935 
67,090 
4,053 

$ 

155,884 

$ 

224,092 

$ 

1,563 

$ 

(196,114)  $ 

185,425 

(1) Represents cash collateral and the impact of netting on a counterparty basis. The Company had no securities posted as collateral to 

its counterparties.

(2)

Includes noncontrolling interests of $75.2 million primarily attributable to unrelated third party ownership in consolidated merchant 
banking funds.

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company's Level III assets were $153.3 million and $132.4 million, or 14.7 percent and 13.0 percent of financial 
instruments measured at fair value at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no significant transfers between 
levels for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The  following  tables  summarize  the  changes  in  fair  value  associated  with  Level  III  financial  instruments  held  at  the 

beginning or end of the periods presented: 

Balance at

December 31,

Transfers

Transfers

gains/

gains/

December 31,

December 31,

Realized

Unrealized

Balance at

liabilities held at

(Amounts in thousands)

2019

Purchases

Sales

in

out

(losses)

(losses)

2020

2020

Unrealized gains/

(losses) for assets/

Assets
Financial instruments and 
other inventory positions 
owned:
Mortgage-backed 

securities......................
Derivative contracts.......

Total financial instruments 

and other inventory 
positions owned...............

$ 

13  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  —  $  —  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

13  $ 

8 

1,005 

(535) 

— 

21 

1,005 

(535) 

— 

— 

— 

(470) 

262 

(470) 

262 

270 

283 

Investments at fair value....

132,329 

  16,133 

(6,285) 

— 

(130) 

(3,264) 

14,212 

152,995 

Total assets........................

$ 

132,350  $  17,138  $  (6,820)  $  —  $ 

(130)  $ 

(3,734)  $  14,474  $ 

153,278  $ 

— 

270 

270 

8,711 

8,981 

Liabilities
Financial instruments and 
other inventory positions 
sold, but not yet 
purchased:
Derivative contracts.......

Total financial instruments 

and other inventory 
positions sold, but not yet 
purchased.........................

$ 

1,563  $ (14,983)  $ 

379  $  —  $  —  $  14,604  $ 

2,143  $ 

3,706  $ 

3,706 

$ 

1,563  $ (14,983)  $ 

379  $  —  $  —  $  14,604  $ 

2,143  $ 

3,706  $ 

3,706 

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Balance at

December 31,

Transfers

Transfers

gains/

gains/

December 31,

December 31,

Realized

Unrealized

Balance at

liabilities held at

(Amounts in thousands)

2018

Purchases

Sales

in

out

(losses)

(losses)

2019

2019

Unrealized gains/

(losses) for assets/

Assets
Financial instruments and 
other inventory positions 
owned:
Mortgage-backed 

securities......................
Derivative contracts.......

Total financial instruments 

and other inventory 
positions owned...............

$ 

15  $ 
229 

—  $ 
42 

(796) 

— 

(6)  $  —  $  —  $ 

— 

— 

(23)  $ 
755 

27  $ 

(222) 

13  $ 
8 

732 

(195) 

21 

— 
8 

8 

244 

42 

(802) 

— 

Investments at fair value....

Total assets........................

$ 

107,792 
108,036  $  23,666  $ (15,699)  $  —  $ 

  (14,897) 

  23,624 

— 

(783) 
(783)  $ 

2,901 
3,633  $  13,497  $ 

13,692 

132,329 
132,350  $ 

16,105 
16,113 

Liabilities
Financial instruments and 
other inventory positions 
sold, but not yet 
purchased:
Derivative contracts.......

Total financial instruments 

and other inventory 
positions sold, but not yet 
purchased.........................

$ 

4,202  $ (16,311)  $ 

—  $  —  $  —  $  16,311  $ 

(2,639)  $ 

1,563  $ 

1,563 

$ 

4,202  $ (16,311)  $ 

—  $  —  $  —  $  16,311  $ 

(2,639)  $ 

1,563  $ 

1,563 

Realized  and  unrealized  gains/(losses)  related  to  financial  instruments,  with  the  exception  of  customer  matched-book 
derivatives,  are  reported  in  institutional  brokerage  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Realized  and  unrealized 
gains/(losses)  related  to  customer  matched-book  derivatives  are  reported  in  investment  banking.  Realized  and  unrealized 
gains/(losses) related to investments are reported in investment banking revenues or investment income on the consolidated 
statements of operations.

The  carrying  values  of  the  Company's  cash,  receivables  and  payables  either  from  or  to  brokers,  dealers  and  clearing 

organizations and short- and long-term financings approximate fair value due to either their liquid or short-term nature.

Note 8 Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")

The  Company  has  investments  in  and/or  acts  as  the  managing  partner  of  various  partnerships  and  limited  liability 
companies.  These  entities  were  established  for  the  purpose  of  investing  in  securities  of  public  or  private  companies,  or 
municipal debt obligations, and were initially financed through the capital commitments or seed investments of the members. 

VIEs  are  entities  in  which  equity  investors  lack  the  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial  interest  or  do  not  have 
sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities. The determination as to whether an entity is a VIE is based on 
the structure and nature of each entity. The Company also considers other characteristics such as the power through voting 
rights or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance 
and how the entity is financed.

The  Company  is  required  to  consolidate  all  VIEs  for  which  it  is  considered  to  be  the  primary  beneficiary.  The 
determination as to whether the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary is based on whether the Company has 
both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the 
obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Consolidated VIEs

The Company's consolidated VIEs at December 31, 2020 include certain alternative asset management funds in which 
the Company has an investment and, as the managing partner, is deemed to have both the power to direct the most significant 
activities of the funds and the right to receive benefits (or the obligation to absorb losses) that could potentially be significant 
to these funds. 

The  following  table  presents  information  about  the  carrying  value  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  VIEs  which  are 
consolidated by the Company and included on the consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2020. The 
assets can only be used to settle the liabilities of the respective VIE, and the creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to the 
general  credit  of  the  Company.  One  of  these  VIEs  has  $25.0  million  of  bank  line  financing  available  with  an  interest  rate 
based on prime plus an applicable margin. The assets and liabilities are presented prior to consolidation, and thus a portion of 
these assets and liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Investments..........................................................................................................................................
Other assets..........................................................................................................................................
Total assets..............................................................................................................................................

Liabilities

Other liabilities and accrued expenses.................................................................................................
Total liabilities........................................................................................................................................

Alternative Asset
Management Funds

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

150,879 
5,905 
156,784 

2,593 
2,593 

The Company has investments in a grantor trust which was established as part of a nonqualified deferred compensation 
plan. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the grantor trust. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the grantor trust 
are  consolidated  by  the  Company  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition.  See  Note  20  for  additional 
information on the nonqualified deferred compensation plan.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary of certain VIEs and accordingly does not consolidate them. 
These  VIEs  had  net  assets  approximating  $1.8  billion  and  $0.3  billion  at  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  respectively.  The 
Company's exposure to loss from these VIEs is $7.8 million, which is the carrying value of its capital contributions recorded 
in investments on the consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2020. The Company had no liabilities 
related to these VIEs at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Furthermore, the Company has not provided financial or other support 
to these VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide as of December 31, 2020.

92

 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 9 Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations 

(Amounts in thousands)
Receivable from clearing organizations.....................................................................
Receivable from brokers and dealers..........................................................................
Other...........................................................................................................................
Total receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations........................

(Amounts in thousands)
Payable to brokers and dealers....................................................................................
Total payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations.................................

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

$ 

$ 

184,662 
33,514 
3,315 
221,491 

$ 

$ 

260,436 
19,161 
3,511 
283,108 

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

$ 
$ 

18,591 
18,591 

$ 
$ 

7,514 
7,514 

Under the Company's fully disclosed clearing agreement, the majority of its securities inventories and all of its customer 
activities are held by or cleared through Pershing LLC ("Pershing"). The Company has also established an arrangement to 
obtain financing from Pershing related to the majority of its trading activities. Financing under this arrangement is secured 
primarily by securities, and collateral limitations could reduce the amount of funding available under this arrangement. The 
funding is at the discretion of Pershing and could be denied. The Company's clearing arrangement activities are recorded net 
from  trading  activity.  The  Company's  fully  disclosed  clearing  agreement  includes  a  covenant  requiring  Piper  Sandler  to 
maintain excess net capital of $120 million.

Note 10 Investments 

The Company's investments include investments in private companies and partnerships.

(Amounts in thousands)
Investments at fair value.............................................................................................
Investments at cost......................................................................................................
Investments accounted for under the equity method..................................................
Total investments.....................................................................................................

Less investments attributable to noncontrolling interests (1).....................................

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

$ 

$ 

$ 

174,849 
611 
7,719 
183,179 

149,987 
1,084 
7,070 
158,141 

(96,657) 
86,522 

$ 

(75,245) 
82,896 

(1)  Noncontrolling interests are primarily attributable to unrelated third party ownership in consolidated merchant banking funds.

At December 31, 2020, investments carried on a cost basis had an estimated fair market value of $0.6 million. Because 
valuation estimates were based upon management's judgment, investments carried at cost would be categorized as Level III 
assets in the fair value hierarchy, if they were carried at fair value.

Investments accounted for under the equity method include general and limited partnership interests. The carrying value 
of these investments is based on the investment vehicle's net asset value. The net assets of investment partnerships consist of 
investments  in  both  marketable  and  non-marketable  securities.  The  underlying  investments  held  by  such  partnerships  are 
valued based on the estimated fair value determined by management in the Company's capacity as general partner or investor 
and,  in  the  case  of  investments  in  unaffiliated  investment  partnerships,  are  based  on  financial  statements  prepared  by  the 
unaffiliated general partners.

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

18,574 
2,977 
5,227 
10,687 
2,658 
15,317 
55,440 

81,855 
5,794 
87,649 
139,859 
227,508 

4,284 
16,700 
(4,298) 
16,686 
177,900 
(44,728) 
149,858 

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 11 Other Assets 

(Amounts in thousands)
Fee receivables............................................................................................................
Accrued interest receivables.......................................................................................
Forgivable loans, net...................................................................................................
Prepaid expenses.........................................................................................................
Income tax receivables................................................................................................
Other...........................................................................................................................
Total other assets......................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

38,840 
1,474 
5,526 
14,585 
— 
14,618 
75,043 

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Note 12 Goodwill and Intangible Assets 

(Amounts in thousands)
Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2018 ..................................................................................................................
Goodwill acquired .......................................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2019 ..................................................................................................................
Goodwill acquired .......................................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2020 ..................................................................................................................

Intangible assets
Balance at December 31, 2018 ..................................................................................................................
Intangible assets acquired ............................................................................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets ................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2019 ..................................................................................................................
Intangible assets acquired ............................................................................................................................
Amortization of intangible assets ................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2020 ..................................................................................................................

As discussed in Note 4, the addition of goodwill and intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2020 related 
to the acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill, Valence and TRS. Management identified $157.8 million of intangible assets related to 
the  acquisition  of  Sandler  O'Neill,  consisting  of  customer  relationships  of  $72.4  million  and  the  Sandler  trade  name  of 
$85.4  million.  The  customer  relationships  will  be  amortized  over  a  weighted  average  life  of  2.4  years.  The  Sandler  trade 
name is an indefinite-lived intangible asset and will not be subject to amortization. Management identified $14.8 million of 
customer relationship intangible assets related to the acquisition of Valence, which will be amortized over a weighted average 
life of 1.4 years. Management also identified $5.3 million of customer relationship intangible assets related to the acquisition 
of  TRS,  which  will  be  amortized  over  one  year.  The  addition  of  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  during  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2019  related  to  the  acquisition  of  Weeden  &  Co.  Management  identified  $16.7  million  of  intangible  assets, 
consisting  of  $12.0  million  of  customer  relationships  and  $4.7  million  of  internally  developed  software,  which  are  being 
amortized over a weighted average life of 8.4 years and 3.6 years, respectively.

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Intangible assets with determinable lives primarily consist of customer relationships and internally developed software. 
The  following  table  summarizes  the  future  aggregate  amortization  expense  of  the  Company's  intangible  assets  with 
determinable lives:

(Amounts in thousands)
2021..............................................................................................................................................................
2022..............................................................................................................................................................
2023..............................................................................................................................................................
2024..............................................................................................................................................................
2025..............................................................................................................................................................
Thereafter.....................................................................................................................................................
Total...........................................................................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

30,080 
9,344 
7,442 
6,292 
5,302 
5,998 
64,458 

The  Company  performed  its  annual  goodwill  impairment  testing  as  of  October  31,  2020,  which  resulted  in  no 
impairment. The annual goodwill impairment testing for 2019 and 2018 resulted in no impairment associated with the Capital 
Markets reporting unit.

The  Company  also  evaluated  its  intangible  assets  and  concluded  there  was  no  impairment  in  2020,  2019  and  2018 

associated with the Capital Markets reporting unit.

Note 13 Fixed Assets 

(Amounts in thousands)
Furniture and equipment.............................................................................................
Leasehold improvements............................................................................................
Software......................................................................................................................
Total.........................................................................................................................
Accumulated depreciation and amortization..............................................................

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

$ 

$ 

50,971 
55,510 
12,214 
118,695 
(74,883) 
43,812 

$ 

$ 

44,018 
39,714 
12,109 
95,841 
(65,991) 
29,850 

For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020,  2019  and  2018,  depreciation  and  amortization  of  furniture  and  equipment, 
leasehold improvements and software totaled $10.7 million, $9.3 million and $8.1 million, respectively, and are included in 
occupancy and equipment expense from continuing operations on the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 14 Short-Term Financing 

(Amounts in thousands)
Commercial paper....................................
Total short-term financing.....................

Outstanding Balance

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Weighted Average Interest Rate
December 31,
December 31,
2019
2020

$ 
$ 

— 
— 

$ 
$ 

49,978 
49,978 

 — %

 2.69 %

The Company issues secured commercial paper to fund a portion of its securities inventory. The commercial paper notes 
("CP  Notes")  can  be  issued  with  maturities  of  27  days  to  270  days  from  the  date  of  issuance.  The  CP  Notes  are  currently 
issued under the CP Series II A program, and are secured by different inventory classes. The CP Notes are interest bearing or 
sold at a discount to par with an interest rate based on LIBOR plus an applicable margin. CP Series II A includes a covenant 
that requires the Company's U.S. broker dealer subsidiary to maintain excess net capital of $100 million. At December 31, 
2020, the CP Series II A program had no outstanding balance. The Company retired the CP Series A program on January 2, 
2020.

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  Company  has  an  unsecured  $50  million  revolving  credit  facility  with  U.S.  Bank,  N.A.  The  credit  agreement  will 
terminate on December 20, 2022, unless otherwise terminated, and is subject to a one-year extension exercisable at the option 
of the Company. This credit facility includes customary events of default and covenants that, among other things, requires the 
Company's U.S. broker dealer subsidiary to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, limits the Company's 
leverage  ratio,  requires  maintenance  of  a  minimum  ratio  of  operating  cash  flow  to  fixed  charges,  and  imposes  certain 
limitations on the Company's ability to make acquisitions and make payments on its capital stock. At December 31, 2020, 
there  were  no  advances  against  this  credit  facility.  In  January  2021,  the  Company  increased  this  credit  facility  from 
$50 million to $65 million.

The Company's committed short-term bank line financing at December 31, 2020 consisted of a one-year $100 million 
committed revolving credit facility with U.S. Bank, N.A., which has been renewed annually in the fourth quarter of each year 
since 2008. Advances under this facility are secured by certain marketable securities. The facility includes a covenant that 
requires the Company's U.S. broker dealer subsidiary to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, and the 
unpaid  principal  amount  of  all  advances  under  this  facility  will  be  due  on  December  10,  2021.  The  Company  pays  a 
nonrefundable  commitment  fee  on  the  unused  portion  of  the  facility  on  a  quarterly  basis.  At  December  31,  2020,  the 
Company had no advances against this line of credit.

Note 15 Long-Term Financing 

On  October  15,  2019,  the  Company  entered  into  a  note  purchase  agreement  with  certain  entities  advised  by  Pacific 
Investment Management Company ("PIMCO"), under which the Company issued unsecured fixed rate senior notes ("Notes") 
in the amount of $175 million. The Notes consist of two classes, Class A Notes and Class B Notes, with principal amounts of 
$50 million and $125 million, respectively. The Class A Notes bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 4.74 percent and mature 
on October 15, 2021. The Class B Notes bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 5.20 percent and mature on October 15, 2023. 
Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually. The unpaid principal amounts are due in full on the respective maturity dates 
and may not be prepaid by the Company.

On April 3, 2020, the Company entered into unsecured promissory notes as part of the acquisition of Valence totaling 
$20 million. The Valence Notes bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 5.0 percent and mature on October 15, 2021. Interest 
is payable quarterly in arrears. The Valence Notes were repaid in early 2021.

Long-term financing arrangements are recorded at amortized cost which approximates fair value at December 31, 2020.

Note 16 Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees 

Legal Contingencies

The Company has been named as a defendant in various legal actions, including complaints and litigation and arbitration 
claims, arising from its business activities. Such actions include claims related to securities brokerage and investment banking 
activities,  and  certain  class  actions  that  primarily  allege  violations  of  securities  laws  and  seek  unspecified  damages,  which 
could be substantial. Also, the Company is involved from time to time in investigations and proceedings by governmental 
agencies and self-regulatory organizations ("SROs") which could result in adverse judgments, settlements, penalties, fines or 
other relief.

The  Company  has  established  reserves  for  potential  losses  that  are  probable  and  reasonably  estimable  that  may  result 
from pending and potential legal actions, investigations and regulatory proceedings. Reasonably possible losses in excess of 
amounts  accrued  at  December  31,  2020  are  not  material.  In  many  cases,  however,  it  is  inherently  difficult  to  determine 
whether  any  loss  is  probable  or  even  possible  or  to  estimate  the  amount  or  range  of  any  potential  loss,  particularly  where 
proceedings may be in relatively early stages or where plaintiffs are seeking substantial or indeterminate damages. Matters 
frequently need to be more developed before a loss or range of loss can reasonably be estimated.

96

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Given  uncertainties  regarding  the  timing,  scope,  volume  and  outcome  of  pending  and  potential  legal  actions, 
investigations and regulatory proceedings and other factors, the amounts of reserves and ranges of reasonably possible losses 
are difficult to determine and of necessity subject to future revision. Subject to the foregoing, management of the Company 
believes, based on currently available information, after consultation with outside legal counsel and taking into account its 
established reserves, that pending legal actions, investigations and regulatory proceedings will be resolved with no material 
adverse  effect  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  or  cash  flows  of  the  Company. 
However, if during any period a potential adverse contingency should become probable or resolved for an amount in excess 
of the established reserves, the results of operations and cash flows in that period and the financial condition as of the end of 
that  period  could  be  materially  adversely  affected.  In  addition,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  material  losses  will  not  be 
incurred from claims that have not yet been brought to the Company's attention or are not yet determined to be reasonably 
possible.

Litigation-related reserve activity included within other operating expenses from continuing operations was immaterial 

for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Operating Lease Commitments

The Company leases office space throughout the United States and in a limited number of foreign countries where the 
Company's  international  operations  reside.  Aggregate  minimum  lease  commitments  on  an  undiscounted  basis  for  the 
Company's operating leases (including short-term leases) as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
2021................................................................................................................................................................
2022................................................................................................................................................................
2023................................................................................................................................................................
2024................................................................................................................................................................
2025................................................................................................................................................................
Thereafter.......................................................................................................................................................
Total.............................................................................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

24,345 
22,589 
18,421 
16,185 
14,060 
22,471 
118,071 

Total  minimum  rentals  to  be  received  from  2021  through  2024  under  noncancelable  subleases  were  $1.5  million  at      

December 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes the Company's operating lease costs and sublease income from continuing operations 

subsequent to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" on January 1, 2019:

(Amounts in millions)
Operating lease costs.........................................................................................................
Operating lease costs related to short-term leases.............................................................
Sublease income................................................................................................................

$ 

Year Ended December 31,

2020

2019

21.9  $ 
0.8 
1.8 

12.1 
0.7 
1.6 

At December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 5.6 years and the weighted 

average discount rate was 4.0 percent.

Investment Commitments

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had commitments to invest approximately $66.0 million in limited partnerships 

or limited liability companies that make direct or indirect equity or debt investments in companies.

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Other Guarantees

The  Company  is  a  member  of  numerous  exchanges.  Under  the  membership  agreements  with  these  entities,  members 
generally  are  required  to  guarantee  the  performance  of  other  members,  and  if  a  member  becomes  unable  to  satisfy  its 
obligations to the exchange, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the 
exchanges  often  require  members  to  post  collateral.  In  addition,  the  Company  identifies  and  guarantees  certain  clearing 
agents  against  specified  potential  losses  in  connection  with  providing  services  to  the  Company  or  its  affiliates.  The 
Company's maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified. However, management believes the 
likelihood  that  the  Company  would  be  required  to  make  payments  under  these  arrangements  is  remote.  Accordingly,  no 
liability is recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition for these arrangements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The  Company  provides  investment,  capital-raising  and  related  services  to  a  diverse  group  of  domestic  and  foreign 
customers, including governments, corporations, and institutional and individual investors. The Company's exposure to credit 
risk  associated  with  the  non-performance  of  customers  in  fulfilling  their  contractual  obligations  pursuant  to  securities 
transactions can be directly impacted by volatile securities markets, credit markets and regulatory changes. This exposure is 
measured on an individual customer basis and on a group basis for customers that share similar attributes. To alleviate the 
potential for risk concentrations, counterparty credit limits have been implemented for certain products and are continually 
monitored in light of changing customer and market conditions.

Note 17 Restructuring and Integration Costs 

The Company incurred restructuring and integration costs from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 
2020,  primarily  in  conjunction  with  its  acquisition  of  Sandler  O'Neill,  which  closed  on  January  3,  2020,  its  acquisition  of 
Valence,  which  closed  on  April  3,  2020,  and  its  acquisition  of  TRS,  which  closed  on  December  31,  2020.  The  Company 
incurred restructuring and integration costs from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily in 
conjunction with its acquisition of Weeden & Co., which closed on August 2, 2019, and the pending acquisition of Sandler 
O'Neill.  The  Company  incurred  restructuring  costs  from  continuing  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018, 
primarily related to headcount reductions. 

(Amounts in thousands)
Severance, benefits and outplacement...............................................
Contract termination..........................................................................
Vacated leased office space...............................................................
Total restructuring costs..................................................................

$ 

Integration costs..............................................................................

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

$ 

3,032 
891 
2,481 
6,404 

4,351 

$ 

2,938 
2,798 
1,726 
7,462 

6,859 

3,183 
185 
130 
3,498 

— 

Total restructuring and integration costs...........................................

$ 

10,755 

$ 

14,321 

$ 

3,498 

98

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 18 Shareholders' Equity 

The Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares 
of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and up to 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par 
value of $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

The holders of the Company's common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the 
shareholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock of Piper Sandler Companies, 
the holders of its common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared out of funds legally 
available for that purpose. There are also restrictions on the payment of dividends as set forth in Note 23. The Company's 
board  of  directors  determines  the  declaration  and  payment  of  dividends  on  a  quarterly  basis,  and  is  free  to  change  the 
Company's dividend policy at any time.

Dividends 

The Company's current dividend policy includes both a quarterly and an annual special cash dividend. The annual special 
cash dividend is payable in the first quarter of each year, beginning in 2018, with the intention of returning a metric based on 
net income from the previous fiscal year. 

In 2020, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $1.25 per share, and 
an  annual  special  cash  dividend  on  its  common  stock  related  to  fiscal  year  2019  results  of  $0.75  per  share,  totaling 
$28.2 million.

In 2019, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $1.50 per share, and 
an  annual  special  cash  dividend  on  its  common  stock  related  to  fiscal  year  2018  results  of  $1.01  per  share,  totaling 
$35.6 million. 

In 2018, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $1.50 per share, and 
an  annual  special  cash  dividend  on  its  common  stock  related  to  fiscal  year  2017  results  of  $1.62  per  share,  totaling 
$47.2 million.

On February 4, 2021, the board of directors declared both a quarterly and annual special cash dividend on its common 
stock of $0.40 and $1.85 per share, respectively, to be paid on March 12, 2021, to shareholders of record as of the close of 
business on March 3, 2021.

In the event that Piper Sandler Companies is liquidated or dissolved, the holders of its common stock are entitled to share 
ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to any prior distribution rights of Piper Sandler Companies 
preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. Currently, there is no outstanding preferred stock. The holders of the common stock 
have  no  preemptive  or  conversion  rights  or  other  subscription  rights.  There  are  no  redemption  or  sinking  fund  provisions 
applicable to Piper Sandler Companies common stock.

99

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Share Repurchases

Effective  January  1,  2020,  the  Company's  board  of  directors  authorized  the  repurchase  of  up  to  $150.0  million  in 
common shares through December 31, 2021. In 2020, the Company repurchased 188,319 shares at an average price of $69.72 
per  share  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of  $13.1  million  related  to  this  authorization.  The  Company  has  $136.9  million 
remaining under this authorization.

Effective  September  30,  2017,  the  Company's  board  of  directors  authorized  the  repurchase  of  up  to  $150.0  million  in 
common shares, which expired on September 30, 2019. In 2019, the Company repurchased 501 shares at an average price of 
$64.80  per  share  related  to  this  authorization.  In  2018,  the  Company  repurchased  681,233  shares  at  an  average  price  of 
$69.20 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $47.1 million related to this authorization. 

The Company also purchases shares of common stock from restricted stock award recipients upon the award vesting or 
as recipients sell shares to meet their employment tax obligations. The Company purchased 105,193 shares or $8.8 million; 
701,217  shares  or  $50.6  million;  and  279,664  shares  or  $23.8  million  of  the  Company's  common  stock  for  these  purposes 
during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

Issuance of Shares 

The Company issues common shares out of treasury stock as a result of employee restricted share vesting and exercise 
transactions  as  discussed  in  Note  20.  During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020,  2019  and  2018,  the  Company  issued 
309,089  shares,  1,415,147  shares  and  1,040,015  shares,  respectively,  related  to  these  obligations.  During  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2020,  the  Company  also  issued  34,205  common  shares  out  of  treasury  stock  for  Sandler  O'Neill  deal 
consideration, as discussed in Note 4.

Preferred Stock

The Piper Sandler Companies board of directors has the authority, without action by its shareholders, to designate and 
issue preferred stock in one or more series and to designate the rights, preferences and privileges of each series, which may 
be greater than the rights associated with the common stock. It is not possible to state the actual effect of the issuance of any 
shares of preferred stock upon the rights of holders of common stock until the Piper Sandler Companies board of directors 
determines the specific rights of the holders of preferred stock. However, the effects might include, among other things, the 
following:  restricting  dividends  on  its  common  stock,  diluting  the  voting  power  of  its  common  stock,  impairing  the 
liquidation rights of its common stock and delaying or preventing a change in control of Piper Sandler Companies without 
further action by its shareholders.

Noncontrolling Interests 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Piper Sandler Companies, its wholly owned subsidiaries 
and  other  entities  in  which  the  Company  has  a  controlling  financial  interest.  Noncontrolling  interests  represent  equity 
interests  in  consolidated  entities  that  are  not  attributable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies. 
Noncontrolling interests primarily represent the minority equity holders' proportionate share of the equity in the Company's 
merchant banking funds.

Ownership  interests  in  entities  held  by  parties  other  than  the  Company's  common  shareholders  are  presented  as 
noncontrolling interests within shareholders' equity, separate from the Company's own equity. Revenues, expenses and net 
income  or  loss  are  reported  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  on  a  consolidated  basis,  which  includes  amounts 
attributable to both the Company's common shareholders and noncontrolling interests. Net income or loss is then allocated 
between the Company and noncontrolling interests based upon their relative ownership interests. Net income applicable to 
noncontrolling interests is deducted from consolidated net income to determine net income applicable to the Company. There 
was  no  other  comprehensive  income  or  loss  attributed  to  noncontrolling  interests  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020, 
2019 and 2018. 

100

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 19 Employee Benefit Plans 

The Company has various employee benefit plans, and substantially all employees are covered by at least one plan. The 

plans include health and welfare plans and a tax-qualified retirement plan (the "Retirement Plan"). During the years ended   
December  31,  2020,  2019  and  2018,  the  Company  incurred  employee  benefits  expenses  from  continuing  operations  of 
$25.5 million, $18.4 million and $18.1 million, respectively.

Health and Welfare Plans

Company  employees  who  meet  certain  work  schedule  and  service  requirements  are  eligible  to  participate  in  the 
Company's health and welfare plans. The Company subsidizes the cost of coverage for employees. The health plans contain 
cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance.

The  Company  is  self-insured  for  losses  related  to  health  claims,  although  it  obtains  third  party  stop  loss  insurance 
coverage  on  both  an  individual  and  a  group  plan  basis.  Self-insured  liabilities  are  based  on  a  number  of  factors,  including 
historical claims experience, an estimate of claims incurred but not reported and valuations provided by third party actuaries. 
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized expense of $14.7 million, $10.6 million 
and  $10.7  million,  respectively,  in  compensation  and  benefits  expense  from  continuing  operations  on  the  consolidated 
statements of operations related to its health plans.

Retirement Plan

The  Retirement  Plan  consists  of  a  defined  contribution  retirement  savings  plan.  The  defined  contribution  retirement 
savings  plan  allows  qualified  employees,  at  their  option,  to  make  contributions  through  salary  deductions  under 
Section  401(k)  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code.  Employee  contributions  are  100  percent  matched  by  the  Company  to  a 
maximum of six percent of recognized compensation up to the social security taxable wage base. Although the Company's 
matching  contribution  vests  immediately,  a  participant  must  be  employed  on  December  31  to  receive  that  year's  matching 
contribution. 

101

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 20 Compensation Plans 

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The  Company  has  three  outstanding  stock-based  compensation  plans:  the  Amended  and  Restated  2003  Annual  and 
Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (the  "Incentive  Plan"),  the  2019  Employment  Inducement  Award  Plan  (the  "2019  Inducement 
Plan") and the 2020 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "2020 Inducement Plan"). The Company's equity awards are 
recognized  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  at  grant  date  fair  value  over  the  service  period  of  the  award,  less 
forfeitures.

The  following  table  provides  a  summary  of  the  Company's  outstanding  equity  awards  (in  shares  or  units)  as  of  

December 31, 2020:

Incentive Plan

Restricted Stock
Annual grants.............................................................................................................................................
Sign-on grants............................................................................................................................................

456,066 
103,405 
559,471 

2019 Inducement Plan

Restricted Stock ........................................................................................................................................

97,100 

2020 Inducement Plan

Restricted Stock ........................................................................................................................................

1,328,301 

Total restricted stock related to compensation .........................................................................................

1,984,872 

Deal Consideration (1) ................................................................................................................................

2,327,685 

Total restricted stock outstanding .............................................................................................................

4,312,557 

Incentive Plan

Restricted Stock Units
Leadership grants.......................................................................................................................................

146,048 

Incentive Plan

Stock Options ............................................................................................................................................

81,667 

(1)   The Company issued restricted stock with service conditions as part of deal consideration for the acquisitions of Sandler 

O'Neill, Valence and TRS. See Note 4 for further discussion.

Incentive Plan

The Incentive Plan permits the grant of equity awards, including restricted stock, restricted stock units and non-qualified 
stock options, to the Company's employees and directors for up to 9.4 million shares of common stock (1.7 million shares 
remained available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2020). The Company believes that such 
awards help align the interests of employees and directors with those of shareholders and serve as an employee retention tool. 
The  Incentive  Plan  provides  for  accelerated  vesting  of  awards  if  there  is  a  severance  event,  a  change  in  control  of  the 
Company (as defined in the Incentive Plan), in the event of a participant's death, and at the discretion of the compensation 
committee of the Company's board of directors.

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted  stock  grants  are  valued  at  the  market  price  of  the  Company's  common  stock  on  the  date  of  grant  and  are 
amortized over the requisite service period. The Company grants shares of restricted stock to employees as part of year-end 
compensation ("Annual Grants") and upon initial hiring or as a retention award ("Sign-on Grants").

The  Company's  Annual  Grants  are  made  each  year  in  February.  Annual  Grants  vest  ratably  over  three  years  in  equal 
installments.  The  Annual  Grants  provide  for  continued  vesting  after  termination  of  employment,  so  long  as  the  employee 
does not violate certain post-termination restrictions set forth in the award agreement or any agreements entered into upon 
termination. The Company determined the service inception date precedes the grant date for the Annual Grants, and that the 
post-termination  restrictions  do  not  meet  the  criteria  for  an  in-substance  service  condition,  as  defined  by  ASC  718. 
Accordingly, restricted stock granted as part of the Annual Grants is expensed in the one-year period in which those awards 
are deemed to be earned, which is generally the calendar year preceding the February grant date. For example, the Company 
recognized compensation expense during fiscal year 2020 for its February 2021 Annual Grant. If an equity award related to 
the Annual Grants is forfeited as a result of violating the post-termination restrictions, the lower of the fair value of the award 
at  grant  date  or  the  fair  value  of  the  award  at  the  date  of  forfeiture  is  recorded  within  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations as a reversal of compensation expense. 

Sign-on Grants are used as a recruiting tool for new employees and are issued to current employees as a retention tool. 
These awards have both cliff and ratable vesting terms, and the employees must fulfill service requirements in exchange for 
rights to the awards. Compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis from the grant date over the requisite service 
period, generally three to five years. Employees forfeit unvested shares upon termination of employment and a reversal of 
compensation expense is recorded.

Annually, the Company grants stock to its non-employee directors. The stock-based compensation paid to non-employee 
directors is fully expensed on the grant date and included within outside services expense on the consolidated statements of 
operations.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units to its leadership team ("Leadership Grants").

Leadership Grants Subsequent to 2016

Restricted stock units granted in each of the years subsequent to 2016 will vest and convert to shares of common stock at 
the  end  of  each  36-month  performance  period  only  if  the  Company  satisfies  predetermined  performance  and/or  market 
conditions  over  the  performance  period.  Under  the  terms  of  these  awards,  the  number  of  units  that  will  actually  vest  and 
convert  to  shares  will  be  based  on  the  extent  to  which  the  Company  achieves  specified  targets  during  each  performance 
period. The maximum payout leverage under these grants is 150 percent. 

103

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Up to 75 percent of the award can be earned based on the Company achieving certain average adjusted return on equity 
targets, as defined in the terms of the award agreements. The fair value of this portion of the award was based on the closing 
price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance 
condition  will  be  achieved,  compensation  expense  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  36-month  performance 
period. The probability that the performance condition will be achieved is reevaluated each reporting period with changes in 
estimated  outcomes  accounted  for  using  a  cumulative  effect  adjustment  to  compensation  expense.  Compensation  expense 
will  be  recognized  only  if  the  performance  condition  is  met.  Employees  forfeit  unvested  restricted  stock  units  upon 
termination of employment with a corresponding reversal of compensation expense. As of December 31, 2020, the Company 
has determined that the probability of achieving the performance condition for each award is as follows: 

Grant Year
2020...........................................................................................................................................
2019...........................................................................................................................................
2018...........................................................................................................................................

Probability of Achieving 
Performance Condition
75%
75%
57%

Up to 75 percent of the award can be earned based on the Company's total shareholder return relative to members of a 
predetermined peer group. The market condition must be met for the awards to vest and compensation cost will be recognized 
regardless if the market condition is satisfied. Compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the 36-month 
requisite  service  period.  Employees  forfeit  unvested  restricted  stock  units  upon  termination  of  employment  with  a 
corresponding  reversal  of  compensation  expense.  For  this  portion  of  the  awards,  the  fair  value  on  the  grant  date  was 
determined using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

Grant Year
2020...............................................................................................................................
2019...............................................................................................................................
2018...............................................................................................................................
2017...............................................................................................................................

Risk-free 
Interest Rate
1.40%
2.50%
2.40%
1.62%

Expected Stock 
Price Volatility
27.3%
31.9%
34.8%
35.9%

Because the market condition portion of the awards vesting depend on the Company's total shareholder return relative to 
a peer group, the valuation modeled the performance of the peer group as well as the correlation between the Company and 
the  peer  group.  The  expected  stock  price  volatility  assumptions  were  determined  using  historical  volatility,  as  correlation 
coefficients can only be developed through historical volatility. The risk-free interest rates were determined based on three-
year U.S. Treasury bond yields.

The  compensation  committee  of  the  Company's  board  of  directors  included  defined  retirement  provisions  in  its 
Leadership Grants, beginning with the February 2018 grant. Certain grantees meeting defined age and service requirements 
will  be  fully  vested  in  the  awards  as  long  as  performance  and  post-termination  obligations  are  met  throughout  the 
performance  period.  These  retirement-eligible  grants  are  expensed  in  the  period  in  which  those  awards  are  deemed  to  be 
earned, which is the calendar year preceding the February grant date. 

2016 Leadership Grant

Restricted stock units granted in 2016 contain market condition criteria and convert to shares of common stock at the end 
of the 36-month performance period only if the Company's stock performance satisfies predetermined market conditions over 
the performance period. Under the terms of the award, the number of units that vested and converted to shares was based on 
the  Company's  stock  performance  achieving  specified  targets  during  the  performance  period.  All  units  vested  in  full. 
Compensation expense was recognized over the 36-month performance period which ended in May 2019. 

104

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Up  to  50  percent  of  the  award  was  earned  based  on  the  Company's  total  shareholder  return  relative  to  members  of  a 
predetermined peer group and up to 50 percent of the award was earned based on the Company's total shareholder return. The 
fair  value  of  the  award  on  the  grant  date  was  determined  using  a  Monte  Carlo  simulation  with  the  following  assumptions 
pursuant to the methodology above:

Grant Year
2016...............................................................................................................................

Risk-free 
Interest Rate
0.98%

Expected Stock 
Price Volatility
34.9%

Stock Options

On  February  15,  2018,  the  Company  granted  options  to  certain  executive  officers.  These  options  are  expensed  on  a 
straight-line basis over the required service period of five years, based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of 
grant. The exercise price per share is equal to the closing price on the date of grant plus 10 percent. These options are subject 
to  graded  vesting,  beginning  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the  grant  date,  so  long  as  the  employee  remains  continuously 
employed by the Company. The maximum term of these stock options is ten years.

The  fair  value  of  this  stock  option  award  was  estimated  on  the  date  of  grant  using  the  Black-Scholes  option-pricing 

model with the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate....................................................................................................................................
Dividend yield...............................................................................................................................................
Expected stock price volatility......................................................................................................................
Expected life of options (in years)................................................................................................................
Fair value of options granted (per share).......................................................................................................

$ 

 2.82 %
 3.22 %
 37.20 %
7.0
24.49 

The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury bond yield with a maturity equal to the expected 
life of the options. The dividend yield assumption was based on the assumed dividend payout over the expected life of the 
options. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined using historical volatility, as correlation coefficients 
can only be developed through historical volatility.

Inducement Plans

Inducement  plan  awards  are  amortized  as  compensation  expense  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  each  respective  vesting 
period.  Employees  forfeit  unvested  shares  upon  termination  of  employment  and  a  reversal  of  compensation  expense  is 
recorded.

The Company established the 2016 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "2016 Inducement Plan") in conjunction 
with  the  acquisition  of  Simmons  &  Company  International  ("Simmons").  The  Company  granted  $11.6  million  (286,776 
shares) in restricted stock under the 2016 Inducement Plan on May 16, 2016. All outstanding shares cliff vested on May 16, 
2019 and the 2016 Inducement Plan was terminated in July 2019.

The Company established the 2019 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of Weeden & Co. On August 2, 
2019,  the  Company  granted  $7.3  million  (97,752  shares)  in  restricted  stock.  These  restricted  shares  are  subject  to  graded 
vesting, generally beginning on the third anniversary of the grant date through August 2, 2023. 

105

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company established the 2020 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of Sandler O'Neill. On January 3, 
2020, the Company granted $96.9 million (1,217,423 shares) in restricted stock. These restricted shares have both cliff and 
graded vesting terms with vesting periods of 18 months, three years or five years (with a weighted average service period of 
3.7  years).  On  April  3,  2020,  the  Company  granted  $5.5  million  (114,000  shares)  in  restricted  stock  under  the  2020 
Inducement  Plan  in  conjunction  with  its  acquisition  of  Valence.  These  restricted  shares  are  subject  to  graded  vesting, 
generally beginning on the third anniversary of the grant date through April 3, 2025. On December 31, 2020, the Company 
granted $2.9 million (29,194 shares) in restricted stock under the 2020 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of 
TRS. These restricted shares are subject to ratable vesting over a three-year vesting period.

Stock-Based Compensation Activity

The following table summarizes the Company's stock-based compensation activity within continuing operations:

(Amounts in millions)
Stock-based compensation expense....................................................
Forfeitures...........................................................................................
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense..................

$ 

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2020

2018

120.8  $ 
2.3 
15.6 

30.8  $ 
2.6 
5.4 

43.2 
0.9 
6.9 

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's unvested restricted stock:

Unvested
Restricted Stock
(in Shares)

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value 

December 31, 2017 ..........................................................................................
Granted...............................................................................................................
Vested................................................................................................................
Canceled.............................................................................................................
December 31, 2018 ..........................................................................................
Granted...............................................................................................................
Vested................................................................................................................
Canceled.............................................................................................................
December 31, 2019 ..........................................................................................
Granted...............................................................................................................
Vested................................................................................................................
Canceled.............................................................................................................
December 31, 2020 ..........................................................................................

2,225,617 
310,494 
(945,550) 
(20,766) 
1,569,795 
463,088 
(1,306,844) 
(31,814) 
694,225 
3,968,340 
(283,934) 
(66,074) 
4,312,557 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

46.40 
88.18 
47.65 
54.53 
53.80 
74.05 
47.30 
76.20 
78.52 
74.82 
80.64 
77.68 
74.99 

The  fair  value  of  restricted  stock  that  vested  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020,  2019  and  2018  was 

$22.9 million, $61.8 million and $45.1 million, respectively.

106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's unvested restricted stock units:

December 31, 2017 ..........................................................................................
Granted ..............................................................................................................
Vested ...............................................................................................................
Canceled ............................................................................................................
December 31, 2018 ..........................................................................................
Granted ..............................................................................................................
Vested ...............................................................................................................
Canceled ............................................................................................................
December 31, 2019 ..........................................................................................
Granted ..............................................................................................................
Vested ...............................................................................................................
Canceled ............................................................................................................
December 31, 2020 ..........................................................................................

Unvested
Restricted
Stock Units

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

244,772 
53,796 
(86,511) 
(17,806) 
194,251 
39,758 
(103,707) 
(15,987) 
114,315 
56,066 
(18,255) 
(6,078) 
146,048 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

27.89 
92.93 
21.83 
23.91 
48.97 
75.78 
19.93 
45.79 
85.09 
86.01 
84.10 
84.10 
85.60 

As of December 31, 2020, there was $210.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock 

and restricted stock units expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's outstanding stock options:

December 31, 2017 .................................
Granted .....................................................
Exercised ..................................................
Canceled ...................................................
Expired .....................................................
December 31, 2018 .................................
Granted .....................................................
Exercised ..................................................
Canceled ...................................................
Expired .....................................................
December 31, 2019 .................................
Granted .....................................................
Exercised ..................................................
Canceled ...................................................
Expired .....................................................
December 31, 2020 .................................

Options
Outstanding

— 
81,667 
— 
— 
— 
81,667 
— 
— 
— 
— 
81,667 
— 
— 
— 
— 
81,667 

$ 

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price 
— 
$ 
99.00 
— 
— 
— 
99.00 
— 
— 
— 
— 
99.00 
— 
— 
— 
— 
99.00 

$ 

$ 

Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(in Years)
—

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
— 
$ 

9.1

8.1

$ 

$ 

— 

— 

7.1

$ 

155,167 

As of December 31, 2020, there was $0.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options expected to 
be  recognized  over  a  weighted  average  period  of  2.1  years.  There  were  no  exercisable  options  during  the  years  ended       
December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. 

The Company has a policy of issuing shares out of treasury (to the extent available) to satisfy share option exercises and 
restricted stock vesting. The Company expects to withhold approximately 0.1 million shares from employee equity awards 
vesting  in  2021,  related  to  employee  individual  income  tax  withholding  obligations  on  restricted  stock  vesting.  For 
accounting purposes, withholding shares to cover employees' tax obligations is deemed to be a repurchase of shares by the 
Company.

107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company maintains various deferred compensation arrangements for employees.

The Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan is a fully funded deferred compensation plan which allowed eligible 
employees  to  receive  a  portion  of  their  incentive  compensation  in  restricted  mutual  fund  shares  ("MFRS  Awards")  of 
investment funds. MFRS Awards are awarded to qualifying employees in February of each year, and represent a portion of 
their  compensation  for  performance  in  the  preceding  year  similar  to  the  Company's  Annual  Grants.  MFRS  Awards  vest 
ratably over three years in equal installments and provide for continued vesting after termination of employment so long as 
the employee does not violate certain post-termination restrictions set forth in the award agreement or any agreement entered 
into upon termination. Forfeitures are recorded as a reduction of compensation and benefits expense within the consolidated 
statements of operations. MFRS Awards are owned by employee recipients (subject to aforementioned vesting restrictions) 
and as such are not included on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The  Company  recorded  compensation  expense  from  continuing  operations  of  $77.2  million,  $45.5  million  and 
$50.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to employee MFRS Awards, less 
forfeitures. Forfeitures were $5.8 million, $3.3 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 
2018, respectively.

The nonqualified deferred compensation plan is an unfunded plan which allows certain highly compensated employees, 
at their election, to defer a portion of their compensation. This plan was closed to future deferral elections by participants for 
performance periods beginning after December 31, 2017. The amounts deferred under this plan are held in a grantor trust. 
The  Company  invests,  as  a  principal,  in  investments  to  economically  hedge  its  obligation  under  the  nonqualified  deferred 
compensation plan. Investments in the grantor trust, consisting of mutual funds, totaled $16.3 million and $16.7 million as of 
December  31,  2020  and  2019,  respectively,  and  are  included  in  investments  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition.  A  corresponding  deferred  compensation  liability  is  included  in  accrued  compensation  on  the  consolidated 
statements of financial condition. The compensation deferred by the employees was expensed in the period earned. Changes 
in  the  fair  value  of  the  investments  made  by  the  Company  are  reported  in  investment  income  and  changes  in  the 
corresponding  deferred  compensation  liability  are  reflected  as  compensation  and  benefits  expense  on  the  consolidated 
statements of operations.

The  Company  entered  into  acquisition-related  compensation  arrangements  with  certain  employees  for  retention  and 
incentive  purposes  in  conjunction  with  its  acquisition  of  Simmons.  Additional  cash  compensation  was  available  to  certain 
employees  subject  to  exceeding  an  investment  banking  revenue  threshold  during  the  three-year  Simmons  post-acquisition 
period,  which  ended  on  February  26,  2019.  The  Company  accrued  $40.1  million  related  to  this  performance  award  plan, 
which  was  paid  in  August  2019.  Amounts  payable  related  to  this  performance  award  plan  were  recorded  as  compensation 
expense  from  continuing  operations  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  over  the  requisite  performance  period  of 
three years. The Company recorded $0.6 million and $8.9 million as compensation expense from continuing operations for 
the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

108

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 21 Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' common 
shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. For periods prior to 2020, the 
Company  calculated  EPS  using  the  two-class  method.  Net  income  applicable  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies'  common 
shareholders  represented  net  income  applicable  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies  reduced  by  the  allocation  of  earnings  to 
participating  securities.  No  allocation  of  undistributed  earnings  was  made  for  periods  in  which  a  loss  was  incurred,  or  for 
periods in which cash dividends exceeded net income resulting in an undistributed loss. Distributed earnings (e.g., dividends) 
were  allocated  to  participating  securities.  Prior  to  the  February  2019  Annual  Grant  (the  "2019  Annual  Grant"),  all  of  the 
Company's  restricted  shares  were  deemed  to  be  participating  securities  as  they  were  eligible  to  share  in  the  profits  (e.g., 
receive dividends) of the Company. The Company's restricted stock units, as well as restricted stock grants issued in 2019 
and  subsequent  periods,  are  not  participating  securities  as  they  are  not  eligible  to  receive  dividends,  or  the  dividends  are 
forfeitable  until  vested.  Diluted  earnings  per  common  share  is  calculated  by  adjusting  the  weighted  average  outstanding 
shares  to  assume  conversion  of  all  potentially  dilutive  stock  options,  restricted  stock  units  and  non-participating  restricted 
shares.  

The computation of EPS is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Net income from continuing operations applicable to                       
$ 
Piper Sandler Companies.........................................................
Net income from discontinued operations...............................
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies..................
Earnings allocated to participating securities..........................
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' common 
shareholders..............................................................................

$ 

Shares for basic and diluted calculations:

Average shares used in basic computation..............................
Restricted stock units...............................................................
Non-participating restricted shares..........................................
Average shares used in diluted computation..............................

Earnings per basic common share:

Income from continuing operations........................................
Income from discontinued operations.....................................
Earnings per basic common share.........................................

Earnings per diluted common share:

Income from continuing operations........................................
Income from discontinued operations.....................................
Earnings per diluted common share......................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

40,504 

$ 

87,939 

$ 

55,649 

— 
40,504 
— 

23,772 
111,711 

(4,511)  (1)

1,387 
57,036 
(7,043)  (1)

40,504 

$ 

107,200 

(2) $ 

49,993 

(2)

13,781 
135 
985 
14,901 

2.94 
— 
2.94 

2.72 
— 
2.72 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

13,555 
162 
220 
13,937 

6.21 
1.69 
7.90 

6.05 
1.65 
7.69 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

13,234 
191 
— 
13,425 

3.68 
0.09 
3.78 

3.63 
0.09 
3.72 

(1) Represents the allocation of distributed and undistributed earnings to participating securities. No allocation of undistributed earnings 
is made for periods in which a loss is incurred, or for periods in which cash dividends exceed net income resulting in an undistributed 
loss.  Distributed  earnings  (e.g.,  dividends)  are  allocated  to  participating  securities.  Participating  securities  include  the  Company's 
unvested  restricted  shares  issued  prior  to  the  2019  Annual  Grant.  The  weighted  average  participating  shares  outstanding  were 
513,220 and 1,868,883 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(2) Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' common shareholders for diluted and basic EPS may differ under the two-class 
method as a result of adding the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options, restricted stock units and non-participating restricted 
shares  to  dilutive  shares  outstanding,  which  alters  the  ratio  used  to  allocate  earnings  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies'  common 
shareholders and participating securities for purposes of calculating diluted and basic EPS.

109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The average shares used in the diluted computation excluded anti-dilutive stock options and non-participating restricted 
shares of 1.7 million and 0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The anti-dilutive effects 
from  stock  options,  restricted  stock  units  and  non-participating  restricted  shares  were  immaterial  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018.

Note 22 Revenues and Business Information 

The  Company's  activities  as  an  investment  bank  and  institutional  securities  firm  constitute  a  single  business  segment. 

The substantial majority of the Company's net revenues and long-lived assets are located in the U.S.

Reportable financial results from continuing operations are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands)
Capital Markets

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

2020

Investment banking
Advisory services........................................................................
Corporate financing.....................................................................
Municipal financing....................................................................
Total investment banking..............................................................

$ 

$ 

443,327 
295,333 
119,816 
858,476 

Institutional brokerage
Equity brokerage.........................................................................
Fixed income services.................................................................
Total institutional brokerage.........................................................

Interest income..............................................................................
Investment income.........................................................................

161,445 
196,308 
357,753 

13,164 
23,265 

440,695 
105,256 
83,441 
629,392 

87,555 
80,336 
167,891 

26,741 
22,275 

$ 

394,133 
123,072 
71,773 
588,978 

77,110 
47,628 
124,738 

32,749 
11,039 

Total revenues...............................................................................

1,252,658 

846,299 

757,504 

Interest expense.............................................................................

14,445 

11,733 

16,551 

Net revenues..................................................................................

1,238,213 

834,566 

740,953 

Non-interest expenses (1)..............................................................

1,169,665 

715,587 

668,464 

Pre-tax income..............................................................................

$ 

68,548 

$ 

118,979 

$ 

72,489 

Pre-tax margin...............................................................................

 5.5 %

 14.3 %

 9.8 %

(1) Non-interest  expenses  include  intangible  asset  amortization  of  $44.7  million,  $4.3  million  and  $4.9  million  for  the  years  ended  

December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 23 Net Capital Requirements and Other Regulatory Matters 

Piper Sandler is registered as a securities broker dealer with the SEC and is a member of various SROs and securities 
exchanges.  The  Financial  Industry  Regulatory  Authority,  Inc.  ("FINRA"),  serves  as  Piper  Sandler's  primary  SRO.  Piper 
Sandler is subject to the uniform net capital rule of the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. Piper Sandler has elected to 
use the alternative method permitted by the SEC rule which requires that it maintain minimum net capital of $1.0 million. 
Advances to affiliates, repayment of subordinated debt, dividend payments and other equity withdrawals by Piper Sandler are 
subject to certain approvals, notifications and other provisions of SEC and FINRA rules. 

At December 31, 2020, net capital calculated under the SEC rule was $212.9 million, and exceeded the minimum net 

capital required under the SEC rule by $211.9 million.

The  Company's  committed  short-term  credit  facility,  revolving  credit  facility  and  its  Notes  with  PIMCO  include 
covenants requiring Piper Sandler to maintain minimum net capital of $120 million. CP Notes issued under CP Series II A 
include a covenant that requires Piper Sandler to maintain excess net capital of $100 million. The Company's fully disclosed 
clearing  agreement  with  Pershing  also  includes  a  covenant  requiring  Piper  Sandler  to  maintain  excess  net  capital  of 
$120 million.

Piper Sandler Ltd., a broker dealer subsidiary registered in the United Kingdom, is subject to the capital requirements of 
the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority. As of December 31, 2020, Piper Sandler Ltd. was 
in compliance with the capital requirements of the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.

Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, which is subject to 
the liquid capital requirements of the Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rule promulgated under the Securities and 
Futures  Ordinance.  At  December  31,  2020,  Piper  Sandler  Hong  Kong  Limited  was  in  compliance  with  the  liquid  capital 
requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission.

Note 24 Income Taxes  

Income  tax  expense/(benefit)  is  provided  using  the  asset  and  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
recognized  for  the  expected  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  temporary  differences  between  amounts  reported  for 
income  tax  purposes  and  financial  statement  purposes,  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the 
years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The  Coronavirus  Aid,  Relief,  and  Economic  Security  Act  (the  "CARES  Act"),  which  was  enacted  by  the  U.S.  federal 
government on March 27, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, contains tax provisions allowing a five-year carry 
back of any net operating losses incurred during federal tax years 2018, 2019 and 2020, to periods when the corporate federal 
tax rate was 35 percent. ASC 740 requires companies to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. 
For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  recorded  $2.4  million  of  income  tax  benefits  related  to  the  tax 
provisions in the CARES Act. 

SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, "Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act" ("SAB 
118") permitted companies to report a provisional amount in the financial statements if the accounting for income tax effects 
of  the  Tax  Cuts  and  Jobs  Act  was  incomplete  as  of  December  31,  2017.  This  provisional  amount  would  be  subject  to 
adjustment during a defined measurement period. Pursuant to SAB 118, the Company recorded an additional $1.0 million of 
income tax expense from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

111

Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The components of income tax expense from continuing operations are as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
Current:

Federal....................................................................................
State........................................................................................
Foreign....................................................................................

$ 

Deferred:

Federal....................................................................................
State........................................................................................
Foreign....................................................................................

Total income tax expense from continuing operations..............

Total income tax expense from discontinued operations..........

$ 

$ 

2020

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

43,445 
14,551 
150 
58,146 

(27,995) 
(10,510) 
(449) 
(38,954) 

19,192 

— 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(404)  $ 
123 
96 
(185) 

19,071 
5,517 
174 
24,762 

24,577 

8,370 

$ 

$ 

16,351 
4,784 
276 
21,411 

(7,326) 
(524) 
4,485 
(3,365) 

18,046 

1,001 

A reconciliation of federal income taxes from continuing operations at statutory rates to the Company's effective tax rates 

is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
Federal income tax expense at statutory rates...........................
Increase/(reduction) in taxes resulting from:

Impact of the CARES Act......................................................
Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act......................................
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit.........................
Net tax-exempt interest income..............................................
Foreign jurisdictions tax rate differential................................
Non-deductible compensation................................................
Change in valuation allowance...............................................
Vestings of stock awards........................................................
Loss/(income) attributable to noncontrolling interests...........
Other, net................................................................................
Total income tax expense from continuing operations..............

2020

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

$ 

14,395 

$ 

24,986 

$ 

15,223 

(2,438) 
— 
4,396 
(1,661) 
48 
6,163 
446 
(337) 
(1,859) 
39 
19,192 

$ 

— 
— 
4,906 
(1,643) 
(438) 
3,293 
(209) 
(5,171) 
(1,357) 
210 
24,577 

$ 

— 
952 
3,390 
(3,034) 
1,067 
1,999 
5,299 
(7,052) 
253 
(51) 
18,046 

$ 

In accordance with ASC 740, U.S. income taxes are not provided on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries 
that are permanently reinvested. As of December 31, 2020, no deferred taxes have been provided for withholding taxes or 
other taxes that would result upon repatriation of the Company's foreign earnings to the U.S.

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of 
assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  the  same  items  for  income  tax  reporting 
purposes. The net deferred income tax assets consisted of the following items:

(Amounts in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Deferred compensation............................................................................................
Accrued lease liability..............................................................................................
Goodwill tax basis in excess of book basis..............................................................
Net operating loss carryforwards.............................................................................
Liabilities/accruals not currently deductible............................................................
Other.........................................................................................................................
Total deferred tax assets.........................................................................................
Valuation allowance...............................................................................................

$ 

$ 

78,155 
24,067 
30,174 
4,665 
1,357 
2,478 
140,896 
(5,045) 

54,969 
13,531 
11,059 
4,965 
1,530 
3,852 
89,906 
(4,599) 

Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance.....................................................

135,851 

85,307 

Deferred tax liabilities:

Right-of-use lease asset............................................................................................
Unrealized gains on firm investments......................................................................
Fixed assets..............................................................................................................
Other.........................................................................................................................

Total deferred tax liabilities...................................................................................

19,759 
5,610 
5,686 
577 

31,632 

9,289 
3,988 
3,408 
587 

17,272 

Net deferred tax assets................................................................................................

$ 

104,219 

$ 

68,035 

The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded to the extent that it is more likely 
than not that any portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company believes that its future tax profits will be 
sufficient  to  recognize  its  deferred  tax  assets,  with  the  exception  of  $5.0  million  in  state  and  foreign  net  operating  loss 
carryforwards. 

113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, which requires tax 
reserves to be recorded for uncertain tax positions on the consolidated statements of financial condition. A reconciliation of 
the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017 ..................................................................................................................
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ......................................................................
Additions for tax positions of prior years ...................................................................................................
Reductions for tax positions of prior years .................................................................................................
Settlements ..................................................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2018 ..................................................................................................................
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ......................................................................
Additions for tax positions of prior years ...................................................................................................
Reductions for tax positions of prior years .................................................................................................
Settlements ..................................................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2019 ..................................................................................................................
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year ......................................................................
Additions for tax positions of prior years ...................................................................................................
Reductions for tax positions of prior years .................................................................................................
Settlements ..................................................................................................................................................
Balance at December 31, 2020 ..................................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

166 
608 
— 
— 
— 
774 
— 
4,128 
(358) 
(285) 
4,259 
— 
— 
(3,212) 
(943) 
104 

As  of  December  31,  2020,  approximately  $0.1  million  of  the  Company's  unrecognized  tax  benefits  would  impact  the 

annual effective rate, if recognized. 

In 2019, the Company recorded a $4.1 million liability for uncertain state and local income tax positions related to its 
acquisition of Weeden & Co. This liability was recorded as a measurement period adjustment and includes a corresponding 
indemnification asset and deferred tax asset. In 2020, the Company reversed $3.2 million of this liability and corresponding 
indemnification asset and deferred tax asset as a measurement period adjustment and paid a settlement of $0.9 million, for 
which the Company was indemnified.  

The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income 
tax expense. The Company had $1.2 million accrued related to the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2019. 
The Company had no accruals related to the payment of interest and penalties at December 31, 2020 or 2018.  The Company 
or  one  of  its  subsidiaries  files  income  tax  returns  with  the  various  states  and  foreign  jurisdictions  in  which  the  Company 
operates. The Company is not subject to examination by U.S. federal tax authorities for years before 2017 and is not subject 
to  examination  by  state  and  local  or  non-U.S.  tax  authorities  for  taxable  years  before  2015.  The  Company  anticipates  the 
majority of its uncertain income tax positions will be resolved within the next twelve months.

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Note 25 Parent Company only and PSLS 

Parent Company only

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition 

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

December 31,
2020

December 31,
2019

Cash and cash equivalents........................................................................................
Investment in and advances to subsidiaries.............................................................
Other assets..............................................................................................................
Total assets.............................................................................................................

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Long-term financing.................................................................................................
Accrued compensation.............................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses.....................................................................
Total liabilities........................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

200 
1,066,069 
9,311 
1,075,580 

195,000 
47,647 
3,508 
246,155 

Shareholders' equity.................................................................................................
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity................................................................

$ 

829,425 
1,075,580 

$ 

200 
931,444 
16,878 
948,522 

175,000 
30,336 
11,903 
217,239 

731,283 
948,522 

115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Condensed Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands)
Revenues:

2020

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2018

Dividends from subsidiaries...................................................
Interest income........................................................................
Investment income/(loss)........................................................
Total revenues.......................................................................

$ 

Interest expense.......................................................................

Net revenues..........................................................................

$ 

42,450 
829 
1,565 
44,844 

10,568 

34,276 

$ 

54,762 
815 
2,012 
57,589 

1,910 

74,896 
1,247 
(496) 
75,647 

4,902 

55,679 

70,745 

Non-interest expenses:

Total non-interest expenses...................................................

2,049 

4,851 

5,844 

Income from continuing operations before income tax 
expense and equity in income of subsidiaries .....................

32,227 

50,828 

64,901 

Income tax expense.................................................................

Income from continuing operations of parent company .....

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries.......................

8,186 

24,041 

16,463 

11,215 

39,613 

99,005 

10,833 

54,068 

5,469 

Net income from continuing operations ...............................

40,504 

138,618 

59,537 

Discontinued operations:

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax........................

— 

(26,907) 

(2,501) 

Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies ...........

$ 

40,504 

$ 

111,711 

$ 

57,036 

116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)
Operating Activities:

Net income..............................................................................
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by 
operating activities:
Stock-based compensation....................................................
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries.....................

Year Ended December 31,
2019

2020

2018

$ 

40,504 

$ 

111,711 

$ 

57,036 

525 
(16,463) 

643 
(99,005) 

404 
(5,469) 

Net cash provided by operating activities.............................

24,566 

13,349 

51,971 

Financing Activities:

Issuance of senior notes..........................................................
Repayment of senior notes......................................................
Advances from/(to) subsidiaries.............................................
Repurchase of common stock.................................................
Payment of cash dividend.......................................................

— 
— 
25,571 
(21,965) 
(28,172) 

175,000 
— 
(102,225) 
(50,584) 
(35,594) 

— 
(125,000) 
188,995 
(70,903) 
(47,157) 

Net cash used in financing activities.....................................

(24,566) 

(13,403) 

(54,065) 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents................................

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year........................

— 

200 

(54) 

254 

(2,094) 

2,348 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year..................................

$ 

200 

$ 

200 

$ 

254 

PSLS

Condensed Statement of Financial Condition

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

December 31,
2020

Cash and cash equivalents.........................................................................................................................
Right-of-use lease asset.............................................................................................................................
Fee receivables..........................................................................................................................................
Prepaid expenses.......................................................................................................................................
Other assets................................................................................................................................................
Total assets..............................................................................................................................................

Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity

Accrued compensation..............................................................................................................................
Accrued lease liability...............................................................................................................................
Other liabilities and accrued expenses......................................................................................................
Total liabilities.........................................................................................................................................

$ 

$ 

$ 

Shareholder's equity..................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity.................................................................................................

$ 

3,103 
1,633 
506 
121 
629 
5,992 

1,209 
1,633 
575 
3,417 

2,575 
5,992 

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Supplementary Data

Quarterly Information (unaudited) 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenues......................................................................
Interest expense....................................................................
Net revenues........................................................................
Non-interest expenses..........................................................
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income 
tax expense/(benefit)..........................................................
Income tax expense/(benefit)...............................................
Net income/(loss).................................................................
Net income/(loss) applicable to noncontrolling interests.....
Net income/(loss) applicable to Piper Sandler Companies..
Net income/(loss) applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' 
common shareholders........................................................

Earnings/(loss) per common share
Basic...................................................................................
Diluted................................................................................

Dividends declared per common share ...........................

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

Weighted average number of common shares 

outstanding
Basic..................................................................................
Diluted...............................................................................

 First
240,380  $ 
4,212 
236,168 
270,197 

(34,029) 
(11,774) 
(22,255) 
(7,528) 
(14,727)  $ 

2020 Fiscal Quarter
 Third

 Second

 Fourth

295,964  $ 
3,526 
292,438 
285,041 

307,174  $ 
3,455 
303,719 
279,070 

409,140 
3,252 
405,888 
335,357 

7,397 
4,700 
2,697 
1,243 
1,454  $ 

24,649 
5,674 
18,975 
7,358 
11,617  $ 

70,531 
20,592 
49,939 
7,779 
42,160 

(14,727)  $ 

1,454  $ 

11,617  $ 

42,160 

(1.07)  $ 
(1.07)  $ 

0.11  $ 
0.10  $ 

0.84  $ 
0.78  $ 

3.07 
2.66 

1.125  $ 

0.20  $ 

0.30  $ 

0.375 

13,796 
14,411 

13,794 
14,476 

13,778 
14,853 

13,755 
15,860 

118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Piper Sandler Companies

Supplementary Data – Continued

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenues......................................................................
Interest expense....................................................................
Net revenues........................................................................
Non-interest expenses..........................................................
Income from continuing operations before income tax 
expense/(benefit)................................................................
Income tax expense/(benefit)...............................................
Income from continuing operations.....................................
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax......
Net income...........................................................................
Net income/(loss) applicable to noncontrolling interests.....
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies............
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies' 
common shareholders........................................................

Amounts applicable to Piper Sandler Companies

Net income from continuing operations............................
Net income/(loss) from discontinued operations..............
Net income applicable to Piper Sandler Companies.......

Earnings per basic common share

Income from continuing operations..................................
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations.....................
Earnings per basic common share...................................

Earnings per diluted common share

Income from continuing operations..................................
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations.....................
Earnings per diluted common share................................

Dividends declared per common share ...........................

Weighted average number of common shares 

outstanding
Basic..................................................................................
Diluted...............................................................................

$ 

 First
185,185  $ 
2,643 
182,542 
159,405 

2019 Fiscal Quarter
 Third

 Second

 Fourth

175,411  $ 
2,993 
172,418 
151,493 

202,912  $ 
2,177 
200,735 
179,700 

282,791 
3,920 
278,871 
224,989 

23,137 
4,192 
18,945 
(139) 
18,806 
(616) 
19,422  $ 

20,925 
(180) 
21,105 
(2,166) 
18,939 
8,550 
10,389  $ 

21,035 
6,717 
14,318 
26,077 
40,395 
(2,847) 
43,242  $ 

53,882 
13,848 
40,034 
— 
40,034 
1,376 
38,658 

17,835  $ 

10,151  $ 

42,442  $ 

38,006 

19,561  $ 
(139) 
19,422  $ 

12,555  $ 
(2,166) 
10,389  $ 

17,165  $ 
26,077 
43,242  $ 

38,658 
— 
38,658 

1.36  $ 
(0.01) 
1.35  $ 

0.90  $ 
(0.15) 
0.75  $ 

1.23  $ 
1.87 
3.09  $ 

1.33  $ 
(0.01) 
1.32  $ 

0.87  $ 
(0.15) 
0.72  $ 

1.20  $ 
1.82 
3.01  $ 

2.77 
— 
2.77 

2.70 
— 
2.70 

1.385  $ 

0.375  $ 

0.375  $ 

0.375 

13,204 
13,530 

13,588 
14,024 

13,708 
14,085 

13,714 
14,100 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9.       CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 

DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

As  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report,  we  conducted  an  evaluation,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the 
participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as 
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our principal 
executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure 
that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is 
(a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission 
rules  and  forms  and  (b)  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  principal  executive  officer  and 
principal financial officer to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  our  fiscal  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  there  was  no  change  in  our  system  of  internal 
control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that 
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting  and  the  attestation  report  of  our  independent 
registered public accounting firm on management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting are included in Part 
II,  Item  8  of  this  Form  10-K  entitled  "Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data"  and  are  incorporated  herein  by 
reference.

ITEM 9B.     OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

PART III 

ITEM 10.     DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The  information  regarding  our  executive  officers  included  in  Part  I,  Item  1  of  this  Form  10-K  under  the  caption 
"Information  About  our  Executive  Officers"  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference.  The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy 
statement  for  our  2021  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  21,  2021,  under  the  captions  "Proposal  One  — 
Election  of  Directors,"  "Information  Regarding  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate  Governance  —  Committees  of  the 
Board — Audit Committee," "Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Codes of Ethics 
and Business Conduct" and "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 11.     EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2021 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 
2021,  under  the  captions  "Executive  Compensation,"  "Certain  Relationships  and  Related  Transactions  —  Compensation 
Committee  Interlocks  and  Insider  Participation,"  "Information  Regarding  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate     
Governance — Compensation Program for Non-Employee Directors" and "Information Regarding the Board of Directors and 
Corporate Governance — Non-Employee Director Compensation for 2020" is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12.     SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2021 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 
2021,  under  the  captions  "Security  Ownership  —  Beneficial  Ownership  of  Directors,  Nominees  and  Executive  Officers," 
"Security  Ownership  —  Beneficial  Owners  of  More  than  Five  Percent  of  Our  Common  Stock"  and  "Executive  
Compensation — Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End" is incorporated herein by reference.

120

ITEM 13.     CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2021 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 
2021,  under  the  captions  "Information  Regarding  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate  Governance  —  Director 
Independence,"  "Certain  Relationships  and  Related  Transactions  —  Transactions  with  Related  Persons"  and  "Certain 
Relationships  and  Related  Transactions  —  Review  and  Approval  of  Transactions  with  Related  Persons"  is  incorporated 
herein by reference.

ITEM 14.     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

The information in the definitive proxy statement for our 2021 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 21, 
2021, under the captions "Audit Committee Report and Payment of Fees to Our Independent Auditor — Auditor Fees" and 
"Audit  Committee  Report  and  Payment  of  Fees  to  Our  Independent  Auditor  —  Auditor  Services  Pre-Approval  Policy"  is 
incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 15.     EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

(a)(1)    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY.

PART IV 

The Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference and included in Part II, Item 8 to this Form 

10-K.

(a)(2)    FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

All financial statement schedules for the Company have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the 

related footnotes, or are either inapplicable or not required.

(a)(3)    EXHIBITS. 

Exhibit
Number

  Description

Exhibit Index

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.2

Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and Piper 
Sandler  Companies  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  2.1  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form   
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 8, 2004). #

Securities  Purchase  Agreement  dated  November  16,  2015  among  Piper  Sandler  Companies,  Piper 
Sandler & Co., Simmons & Company International, SCI JV LP, SCI GP, LLC, and Simmons & Company 
International Holdings LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K, filed November 17, 2015). #

First  Amendment  to  Securities  Purchase  Agreement  dated  February  25,  2016  among  Piper  Sandler 
Companies,  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.,  Simmons  &  Company  International,  SCI  JV  LP,  SCI  GP,  LLC,  and 
Simmons  &  Company  International  Holdings  LLC  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  2.1  to  the 
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016, filed May 4, 2016). #

Second Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 19, 2017 between Piper Sandler & Co. 
and  SCI  JV  LP  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2  to  the  Company's  Quarterly  Report  on  Form    
10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017, filed May 9, 2017).

Agreement  and  Plans  of  Merger,  dated  July  9,  2019,  by  and  among  Piper  Jaffray  Companies,  SOP 
Holdings, LLC, Sandler O’Neill & Partners Corp., Sandler O’Neill & Partners, L.P. and the other parties 
thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 
10, 2019).#
Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  the 
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2007, filed August 3, 2007).
Certificate  of  Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 6, 2020).

121

Exhibit
Number
3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

Exhibit Index

  Description

Amended  and  Restated  Bylaws  (as  of  January  3,  2020)  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.2  to  the 
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 6, 2020). 
Form of Specimen Certificate for Piper Sandler Companies Common Stock (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed 
February 26, 2018).

Second  Amended  and  Restated  Indenture  dated  as  of  June  11,  2012  (Secured  Commercial  Paper  Notes), 
between Piper Sandler & Co. and the Bank of New York Mellon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2012, filed August 
2, 2012).

First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Indenture (Secured Commercial Paper Notes - Series 
I),  dated  September  29,  2017,  between  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  and  the  Bank  of  New  York  Mellon 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal 
quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed November 8, 2017).

Amended and Restated Indenture (Secured Commercial Paper Notes - Series II), dated as of April 30, 2015, 
between Piper Sandler & Co. and the Bank of New York Mellon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 
to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 2, 2017).

First Amendment to Amended and Restated Indenture (Secured Commercial Paper Notes - Series II), dated 
as of September 29, 2017, between Piper Sandler & Co. and the Bank of New York Mellon (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 2, 2017).

Second Amended and Restated Indenture dated April 21, 2014 (Secured Commercial Paper Notes - Series 
III), between Piper Sandler & Co. and the Bank of New York Mellon (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 21, 2014).

Description  of  Securities  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.7  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on 
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020).
Form  of  director  indemnification  agreement  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  its  directors 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 17, 
2014). †

Office Lease Agreement, dated May 30, 2012, by and among Piper Sandler & Co. and Wells REIT – 800 
Nicollett Avenue Owner, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report 
on Form 8-K, filed June 1, 2012).

Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended 
and  restated  May  15,  2020)  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.5  to  the  Company's  Registration 
Statement on Form S-8, filed May 22, 2020). †

Piper  Sandler  Companies  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2  to  the 
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2013, filed July 31, 2013). †
Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2017  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, 
filed February 24, 2017). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2018  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2017, filed February 26, 2018). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2019  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, 
filed February 26, 2019). †
Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2020  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  10.9  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31, 
2019, filed February 28, 2020). †
Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2021  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.†*

122

Exhibit
Number
10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

10.22

10.23

10.24

10.25

Exhibit Index

  Description

Piper  Sandler  Companies  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Non-Employee  Directors,  as  amended  and 
restated  effective  May  4,  2016  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the  Company's  Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2016, filed August 5, 2016). †

Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program. †*

Form  of  Notice  Period  Agreement  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.16  to  the  Company's  Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed March 1, 2007). †
Credit  Agreement,  dated  December  20,  2019,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  U.S.  Bank 
National Association, as conformed through the first amendment, dated January 15, 2021.*
Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated December 28, 2012, between Piper Sandler & Co. and U.S. 
Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company's Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed February 27, 2013). 

First  Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  Agreement,  dated  December  28,  2013,  between  Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.18  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed February 28, 2014).

Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated December 19, 2014, between Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.23  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed February 26, 2015).

Third  Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  Agreement,  dated  December  18,  2015,  between  Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.25  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed February 25, 
2016). 

Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated December 17, 2016, between Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the 
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017, filed May 9, 2017).

Fifth  Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  Agreement,  dated  December  16,  2017,  between  Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.22  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, filed February 26, 
2018).

Sixth  Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  Agreement,  dated  December  14,  2018,  between  Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.24  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed February 26, 
2019).
Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated December 13, 2019, between Piper 
Sandler  &  Co.  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.22  to  the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 
2020). 

Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated December 11, 2020, between Piper 
Sandler & Co. and U.S. Bank National Association.*
Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan, effective 
as of December 13, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company's Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed February 24, 2017). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2017 
(related to performance in 2016) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.41  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2016, filed February 24, 2017). †
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  California-based  Employee 
Grants in 2017 (related to performance in 2016) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 
2003  Annual  and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal 
year ended December 31, 2016, filed February 24, 2017). †

123

Exhibit
Number
10.26

10.27

10.28

10.29

10.30

10.31

10.32

10.33

10.34

10.35

10.36

10.37

10.38

10.39

10.40

21.1
23.1

24.1

Exhibit Index

  Description

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2018 
(related to performance in 2017) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.34  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2017, filed February 26, 2018). †
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  California-based  Employee 
Grants in 2018 (related to performance in 2017) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 
2003  Annual  and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal 
year ended December 31, 2017, filed February 26, 2018). †
Form  of  Non-Qualified  Stock  Option  Agreement  for  2018  Promotional  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 9, 2018). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2019 
(related to performance in 2018) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.39 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2018, filed on February 26, 2019). †
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2020 
(related to performance in 2019) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.34  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020). † 
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2021 
(related to performance in 2020) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and Long-Term Incentive Plan and Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan.†*

Piper Sandler Companies 2019 Employment Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed March 13, 2019). †
Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2019  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Registration Statement 
on Form S-8, filed March 13, 2019). †

Letter  Agreement,  dated  July  8,  2019,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  Jonathan  J.  Doyle 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 6, 
2020). †

Equity  Consideration  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  dated  July  9,  2019,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler 
Companies  and  Jonathan  J.  Doyle  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.39  to  the  Company's  Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020). †
Transition Services Agreement, dated December 31, 2020, by and between Piper Sandler & Co. and Brian 
R. Sterling.†*
Piper Sandler Companies 2020 Employment Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement  Award  Plan  (18-Month  Cliff  Vesting)  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.5  to  the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019).  † 

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (3-Year Cliff Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s 
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (Years 3, 4 and 5 Pro-rata Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †
Subsidiaries of Piper Sandler Companies *
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP *

Power of Attorney *

124

Exhibit
Number
31.1

31.2
32.1

101

104

Exhibit Index

  Description

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. 

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
Section 1350 Certifications. **

The following financial information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 
31,  2020,  formatted  in  iXBRL  (inline  eXtensible  Business  Reporting  Language):  (i)  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Financial  Condition  (ii)  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations,  (iii)  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Comprehensive  Income,  (iv)  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Changes  in  Shareholders' 
Equity,  (v)  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Cash  Flows  and  (vi)  the  Notes  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements.
The cover page from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in 
iXBRL.

_______________________

#  The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission upon request any omitted exhibit or schedule.

†  This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or agreement.

*  Filed herewith.

**  This information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 

18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

ITEM 16.     FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

125

 
Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  the  registrant  has  duly 

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 25, 2021. 

SIGNATURES

PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES

By
Name
Its

/s/ Chad R. Abraham
Chad R. Abraham
  Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 25, 2021. 

SIGNATURE

/s/ Chad R. Abraham
Chad R. Abraham

/s/ Timothy L. Carter
Timothy L. Carter

/s/ Jonathan J. Doyle

Jonathan J. Doyle

/s/ William R. Fitzgerald

William R. Fitzgerald

/s/ Victoria M. Holt

Victoria M. Holt

/s/ Addison L. Piper

Addison L. Piper

/s/ Debbra L. Schoneman

Debbra L. Schoneman

/s/ Thomas S. Schreier Jr.
Thomas S. Schreier Jr.

/s/ Sherry M. Smith

Sherry M. Smith

/s/ Philip E. Soran

Philip E. Soran

/s/ Brian R. Sterling

Brian R. Sterling

/s/ Scott C. Taylor
Scott C. Taylor

TITLE

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

126

 
APPENDIX

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP financial measures to adjusted, non-GAAP financial measures

The financial  highlights and letter to shareholders include non-GAAP, or ‘‘adjusted,’’ financial 
measures. The corresponding reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most 
comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures are included below.

The non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments to exclude: (1) revenues and expenses related 
to noncontrolling interests, (2) interest expense on long-term financing, (3) amortization of intangible 
assets related to acquisitions, (4) compensation and non-compensation expenses from acquisition-
related agreements, (5) acquisition-related restructuring and integration costs, (6) goodwill impairment 
charges, (7) the impact from remeasuring deferred tax assets resulting from changes to the U.S. 
federal tax code, (8) the impact of a deferred tax asset valuation allowance, and (9) discontinued 
operations. The adjusted weighted average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of non-
GAAP earnings per diluted common share contains an adjustment to include the common shares for 
unvested restricted stock awards with service conditions granted pursuant to the acquisitions of 
Sandler O'Neill and The Valence Group. 

Management believes that presenting results and measures on this adjusted basis alongside U.S. 
GAAP measures provides the most meaningful basis for comparison of its operating results across 
periods, and enhances the overall understanding of our current financial performance by excluding 
certain items that may not be indicative of our core operating results. The non-GAAP financial 
measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, measures of financial 
performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

NET REVENUES

A reconciliation  of  adjusted net  revenues to  U.S. GAAP  net revenues:

($ in thousands)
U.S. GAAP  net revenues
Adjustments:

2020

$1,238,213 

For the year  ended  December  31,
2018
$740,953 

2019
$834,566 

2017
$823,621 

2016
$693,214 

Revenue  related to  noncontrolling  interests
Interest  expense on  long-term  financing

(12,881)
9,628 

(10,769)
1,848 

(3,621)
4,902 

(5,319)
7,171 

(11,070)
8,195 

Adjusted net  revenues

$1,234,960 

$825,645 

$742,234 

$825,473 

$690,339 

($ in thousands)
U.S. GAAP  net revenues
Adjustments:

2015
$602,264 

For the year  ended  December  31,
2013
$443,508 

2014
$567,841 

2012
$424,135 

2011
$369,063 

Revenue  related to  noncontrolling  interests
Interest  expense on  long-term  financing

(9,810)
6,406 

(15,699)
5,454 

(8,794)
5,803 

(4,174)
3,236 

(1,785)
3,759 

Adjusted net  revenues

$598,860 

$557,596 

$440,517 

$423,197 

$371,037 

A1 |  PIPER SANDLER

INCOME FROM  CONTINUING OPERATIONS  BEFORE  INCOME  TAX EXPENSE

A reconciliation  of  adjusted income  before  adjusted income  tax expense to U.S. GAAP  income  from  continuing 
operations  before  income  tax expense:

($ in thousands)
U.S. GAAP  income  from  continuing  operations 
before  income  tax expense
Adjustments:

Revenue  related to  noncontrolling  interests 

Interest  expense on  long-term  financing
Non-compensation  expenses related  to 
noncontrolling  interests 
Compensation  from  acquisition-related 
agreements
Acquisition-related  restructuring  and integration 
costs
Amortization  of intangible  assets related  to 
acquisitions
Non-compensation  expenses from  acquisition-
related  agreements

Adjusted operating  income

Interest  expense on  long-term  financing

Adjusted income  before  adjusted income  tax 
expense

2020

For the year  ended  December  31,
2018

2019

2017

2016

$68,548 

$118,979 

$72,489 

$79,316 

$41,644 

(12,881)
9,628 

(10,769)
1,848 

(3,621)
4,902 

(5,319)
7,171 

(11,070)
8,195 

4,029 

4,306 

4,827 

2,932 

2,864 

113,396 

5,138 

29,246 

54,999 

36,241 

10,755 

14,321 

-

-

10,197 

44,728 

4,298 

4,858 

10,178 

15,587 

12,085 
$250,288 
(9,628)

114 
$138,235 
(1,848)

683 
$113,384 
(4,902)

600 
$149,877 
(7,171)

-
$103,658 
(8,195)

$240,660 

$136,387 

$108,482 

$142,706 

$95,463 

NET INCOME/(LOSS)  APPLICABLE TO  PIPER SANDLER  COMPANIES

A reconciliation  of  adjusted net  income  applicable to U.S.  GAAP  net income/(loss)  applicable to Piper  Sandler 
Companies:

($ in thousands)
U.S. GAAP  net income/(loss)  applicable to  Piper 
Sandler  Companies

Adjustment  to  exclude net income/(loss)  from 
discontinued  operations

Net  income  from  continuing  operations

Adjustments:

Compensation  from  acquisition-related 
agreements
Acquisition-related  restructuring  and integration 
costs
Amortization  of intangible  assets related  to 
acquisitions
Non-compensation  expenses from  acquisition-
related  agreements
Impact  of the Tax  Cuts and Jobs Act  legislation
Impact  of deferred  tax asset valuation 
allowance

2020

For the year  ended  December  31,
2018

2019

2017

2016

$40,504 

$111,711 

$57,036 

($61,939)

($21,952)

-
$40,504 

23,772 
$87,939 

1,387 
$55,649 

(85,060)
$23,121 

(44,464)
$22,512 

85,940 

4,124 

21,992 

35,755 

23,700 

8,712 

10,770 

-

-

7,009 

33,383 

3,250 

3,655 

6,301 

9,527 

9,016 
-

114 
-

514 
952 

607 
36,356 

-

-

4,650 

-

-
-

-

Adjusted net  income

$177,555 

$106,197 

$87,412 

$102,140 

$62,748 

PIPER SANDLER  |  A2

EARNINGS  PER DILUTED COMMON  SHARE

A reconciliation  of  adjusted earnings  per diluted common  share  to U.S.  GAAP  earnings/(loss)  per  diluted 
common  share:

For the year  ended  December  31,

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

U.S. GAAP  earnings/(loss)  per 
diluted common  share

Adjustment  to  exclude net 
income/(loss)  from  discontinued 
operations

Income/(loss)  from  continuing 
operations

Adjustment  related  to 
participating  shares (1)

Adjustment  for  inclusion  of 
unvested acquisition-related 
stock (2)

Adjustments:

Compensation  from 
acquisition-related  agreements

Acquisition-related 
restructuring  and integration 
costs

Goodwill  impairment
Amortization  of intangible 
assets related  to acquisitions

Non-compensation  expenses 
from  acquisition-related 
agreements

Impact  of the Tax  Cuts and 
Jobs Act legislation

Impact  of deferred  tax asset 
valuation  allowance

Adjusted earnings  per diluted 
common  share

$2.72  $7.69  $3.72  ($4.99)

($1.72)

$3.34  $3.87  $2.70  $2.26  ($6.51)

-

1.65 

0.09 

(6.56)

(3.48)

0.79 

1.04 

0.75 

0.34 

0.03 

$2.72  $6.05  $3.63  $1.57  $1.76  $2.55  $2.83  $1.95  $1.92  ($6.54)

-

0.04 

-

(0.05)

(0.31)

-

-

-

-

1.20 

(1.89)
-
$0.83  $6.09  $3.63  $1.52  $1.45  $2.55  $2.83  $1.95  $1.92  ($5.34)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

5.76 

0.29 

1.44 

2.33 

1.53 

0.16 

0.15 

0.06 

-

-

0.58 
-

0.75 
-

-
-

-
-

0.45 
-

0.42 
-

-
-

0.17 
-

0.11 
-

-
6.16 

2.24 

0.23 

0.24 

0.41 

0.61 

0.06 

0.12 

0.06 

0.61 

0.01 

0.04 

0.04 

-

-

-

-

0.06 

2.38 

0.31 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

$10.02  $7.36  $5.72  $6.68  $4.05  $3.18  $3.09  $2.24  $2.03  $0.83 

1) For periods prior to 2020, Piper Sandler Companies calculated earnings per common share using the two-class method, which required 

the allocation of consolidated adjusted net income between common shareholders and participating security holders, which in the case of 
Piper Sandler Companies, represented unvested stock with non-forfeitable dividend rights. No allocation of undistributed earnings was 
made for periods in which a loss was incurred, or for periods in which the special cash dividend exceeded adjusted net income resulting in 
an undistributed loss.

2) For 2020, the weighted average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of adjusted earnings per diluted common share contain 
an adjustment to include 2.8 million common shares for unvested restricted stock awards with service conditions granted pursuant to the 
acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill and The Valence Group.

A3 |  PIPER SANDLER

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS

Piper Sandler Companies
Mail Stop J12NSH
800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 900
Minneapolis, MN  55402
612 303-6000

COMPANY WEBSITE

www.pipersandler.com

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

Broadridge acts as transfer agent and registrar for Piper 
Sandler Companies and maintains all shareholder 
records for the company. If you have questions regarding 
the Piper Sandler Companies stock you own, stock 
transfers, address corrections or changes, lost stock 
certificates or duplicate mailings, please contact 
Broadridge:

Online
shareholder.broadridge.com/PIPR

Telephone
Toll-Free
Outside of U.S. 
Shareowner relations specialists available 
Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET

800 872-4409
720 501-4324

Written correspondence
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc
PO Box 1342
Brentwood, NY  11717

Certified and overnight delivery
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc
ATTN: IWS
1155 Long  Island Avenue
Edgewood, NY  11717

Ernst & Young LLP

COMMON STOCK LISTING

New York Stock Exchange (symbol: PIPR)

INVESTOR INQUIRIES

Shareholders, securities analysts and investors seeking 
more information about the company should contact Tim 
Carter, chief financial officer, at timothy.carter@psc.com 
or 612 303-5607; or the corporate headquarters address.

WEBSITE ACCESS TO SEC REPORTS AND 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE INFORMATION

Piper Sandler Companies makes available free of charge 
on its website, www.pipersandler.com, its annual reports 
on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current 
reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports 
filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as 
well as all other reports filed by Piper Sandler Companies 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as soon 
as reasonably practicable after it electronically files them 
with, or furnishes them to, the Securities and Exchange 
Commission. These reports are also available at the 
Securities and Exchange Commission website, 
www.sec.gov.

Piper Sandler Companies also makes available free of 
charge on its website the company’s codes of ethics and 
business conduct, its corporate governance principles 
and the charters of the audit, compensation, and 
nominating and governance committees of the board of 
directors. Printed copies of these materials will be mailed 
upon request. 

DIVIDENDS

Piper Sandler Companies began paying cash dividends 
on its common stock in 2017. The decision to pay future 
dividends is at the discretion of the board of directors.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report and the preceding letter to shareholders contain forward-looking statements. Statements that are 
not historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements 
and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. A number of these risks and 
uncertainties are described in our reports filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including 
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Forward-looking statements speak only as of 
the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new information or future events.