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Piper Sandler Companies

pipr · NYSE Financial Services
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Ticker pipr
Exchange NYSE
Sector Financial Services
Industry Financial - Capital Markets
Employees 1001-5000
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FY2023 Annual Report · Piper Sandler Companies
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Connecting capital with opportunity

As a leading investment bank, we enable growth and success for our 
clients through deep sector expertise, candid advice and a differentiated, 
highly productive culture.

OUR VALUES

We create and implement superior financial solutions for 
our clients. 

Serving clients is our fundamental purpose.

We earn our clients' trust by delivering the best guidance 
and service. 

Great people working together as a team are our 
competitive advantage.

As we serve, we are committed to these core values:

• Always place our clients' interests first 

• Conduct ourselves with integrity and treat others 

with respect 

• Work in partnership with our clients and each other 

• Attract, retain and develop a diverse group of the best 

people in a high-quality, inclusive environment

• Contribute our talents and resources to serve the 

communities in which we live and work

Financial highlights

Piper Sandler recorded adjusted net revenues of $1.3 billion and adjusted earnings per diluted share of $9.28 for 
2023 despite challenging market conditions for most of the year. Our results reflect the resiliency of our scaled and 
diversified platform, continued market share gains and strong operating discipline. In addition, we returned $155 
million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends as we remain focused on balancing near-term 
returns with investments in the business to elevate our market presence and long-term earnings capacity. 

Summary of Adjusted Financial Results*

($ in millions, except per share data)

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

Adjusted net revenues

Advisory services

Corporate financing

Municipal financing

Equity brokerage

Fixed income services

Investment income

Interest income, net of expense

$440.7 

105.3 

83.4 

87.6 

80.3 

11.5 

16.8 

$443.3 

$1,026.1 

$776.4 

$709.3 

295.3 

119.8 

161.4 

196.3 

10.4 

8.5 

362.8 

164.3 

154.1 

233.5 

35.0 

4.7 

125.3 

107.7 

210.3 

195.0 

1.6 

17.4 

131.1 

83.4 

209.5 

168.0 

7.1 

21.8 

Adjusted net revenues

$825.6 

$1,235.0 

$1,980.5 

$1,433.7 

$1,330.2 

Adjusted operating income

Adjusted operating margin

Adjusted net income

Adjusted earnings per diluted 

common share

Total dividend per share related to fiscal 

year adjusted net income

Total capital returned through share 
repurchases and dividends paid

$138.2 

16.7%

$106.2 

$250.3 

20.3%

$177.6 

$550.0 

27.8%

$399.0 

$269.2 

18.8%

$201.3 

$212.9 

16.0%

$166.4 

$7.36 

$10.02 

$21.92 

$11.26 

$9.28 

$2.25 

$3.10 

$9.45 

$3.65 

$3.40 

$86.2 

$50.1 

$169.3 

$294.9 

$155.1 

ADJUSTED NET REVENUES*
($ in millions)

ADJUSTED DILUTED EPS*

* Financial measures presented above and included in the following letter to our fellow shareholders are on a non-GAAP, adjusted basis. The non-GAAP measures 
are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures. Please refer to the Appendix for a reconciliation of these 
non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

To our fellow shareholders:

Over the last five years we have nearly doubled our business. Our 
success has been driven by strategically broadening our industry sector 
coverage as well as expanding our product capabilities and expertise to 
create synergies across the firm and provide clients with a differentiated 
level of service. The resulting scale and durability of our platform has 
elevated our earnings capacity and market presence, helping to drive 
long-term shareholder returns across market cycles.

For 2023, we generated adjusted net revenues of $1.3 billion, our third 
strongest year on record, against a backdrop of reduced activity and 
declining fee pools in most of the markets in which we operate. 
Performance for the year was led by advisory services which generated 
53% of total adjusted net revenues, the third consecutive year with a 
contribution in excess of 50%. We recorded adjusted net income of 
$166 million for 2023 and adjusted earnings per diluted common share 
of $9.28. 

Our results were strong relative to our peer group. We benefited from 
the diverse sector expertise, product capabilities and client base of our 
platform as well as market share gains. Strong revenue performance 
combined with continued operating discipline resulted in our adjusted 
earnings per diluted common share for 2023 decreasing 18% compared 
to 2022 versus an average decline of 52% for our peer group.

We effectively gained market share in a number of our businesses. 
Advisory services revenues for 2023 declined 9% from 2022 against a 
32% drop in middle-market M&A activity. Our relative performance in 
equity capital raising for 2023 was strong with fees from sub $5 billion 
market cap companies increasing 46% over the last year versus a 17% 
increase in the market fee pool. Our equity brokerage revenues for 
2023 were consistent with 2022 as market share gains offset the 
declines from lower market volatility and volumes.

We also managed profitability effectively during 2023 against a 
challenging operating environment with continued inflationary 
pressures. Our adjusted compensation ratio for 2023 was 63.6% 
compared to our peer group average adjusted compensation ratio of 
70.5%. Our compensation philosophy is focused on balancing 
employee retention and opportunities to invest in new talent with 
delivering appropriate margins and returns to shareholders. Adjusted 
non-compensation expenses totaled $271 million, up only 1% 
compared to 2022, another strong result relative to our peer set which 
had an average increase in adjusted non-compensation costs of 13%. 

$1.3 billion
2023 adjusted net revenues

61%
Increase over 2019

$709 million
2023 advisory services 
revenues

61%
Increase over 2019

$166 million
2023 adjusted net income

57%
Increase over 2019

$9.28
2023 adjusted diluted EPS

26%
Increase over 2019

2023 Annual Report | 1

Adjusted operating income of $213 million for 2023 and adjusted operating margin of 16% represent a solid result 
on an absolute basis as we remain focused on providing shareholders near-term value through strong operating 
discipline while still growing the platform. These results also demonstrate strong relative performance as our peer 
set delivered an average adjusted operating margin of 7.3%. When we acquired Sandler O’Neill at the beginning 
of 2020, we set a goal to generate an adjusted operating margin in the high teens. Since then, we have delivered 
an average adjusted operating margin of 20.7%, reaching or exceeding that goal in three of the last four years. 

We have continued to make investments to grow the business through strategic acquisitions as well as targeted 
hires and internal promotions. In particular, our differentiated corporate development strategy is a key driver of our 
growth. Over the last five years we have selectively added seven distinct firms to our platform. These investments 
have expanded our industry and product coverage in financial services, chemicals, technology, consumer and 
restructuring as well as our investment banking presence in Europe. In addition, we have added premier equity 
trading capabilities, world-class macro research and built out our fixed income client verticals. Our corporate 
development team has a proven track record of successfully sourcing, integrating and further developing these 
businesses which allows us to accelerate our return on investment and increase overall value. During this period 
of investment, our productive capacity increased significantly with investment banking managing director 
headcount growing from 90 to 169. As we continue to build market leadership and create a more durable 
business, we have become a destination of choice for top-tier talent. 

In September 2023, we announced the planned retirement of Tim Carter, former chief financial officer, and that 
Kate Clune had been selected to succeed Tim. We welcomed Kate Clune to the firm in November 2023 and she 
was named chief financial officer on January 1, 2024. Kate joins us from Evercore Inc., and we look forward to 
leveraging her strategic and tactical skillset to drive the next phase of our growth. 

ADJUSTED NET REVENUES, NET INCOME AND DILUTED EPS
($ in millions, except per share data)

Advisory Services
Corporate & Municipal Financing

Institutional Brokerage

Investment Income & Net Interest Income

$157 

$172 

$198 

$155 

$204 

$210 

$147 

$165 
$83 

$162 

$186 

$305 

$155 

$191 

$443 

$125 

$195 

$394 

$388 

$527 

$405 

$233 

$378 

$214 

$1,026 

$776 

$709 

$358 

$415 

$168 

$189 

$441 

$443 

Adjusted Net Income

Adjusted Diluted EPS

2013

$38 

$2.24 

2018

$87 

$5.72 

2023

$166 

$9.28 

2  | Piper Sandler Companies

Strong Relative Performance

M&A ADVISORY 
(2023 VS. 2022)

EQUITY CAPITAL MARKETS 
(2023 VS. 2022)

EQUITY BROKERAGE 
(2023 VS. 2022)

Strong Operating Discipline

ADJUSTED COMPENSATION RATIO 
(2023)

ADJUSTED NON-COMPENSATION 
EXPENSE GROWTH  
(2023 VS. 2022)

ADJUSTED OPERATING MARGIN 
(2023)

Strong Shareholder Returns

5-YEAR TSR

In addition to investing in the platform, we remain 
committed to returning capital to drive shareholder 
returns through our dividend policy and repurchasing 
shares of our common stock. During 2023, we deployed 
$155 million of capital towards share repurchases and 
dividends paid. We repurchased approximately 495,000 
shares of our common stock which more than offset the 
dilution from our 2023 annual grants. Total dividends for 
fiscal year 2023 were $3.40 per share of common stock, 
or a payout ratio of 37% of adjusted net income. 
Additionally, we repaid $125 million of senior notes upon 
maturity which completes the repayment of our long-term 
financing procured for the acquisition of Sandler O’Neill.

Our total shareholder return for the five-year period ending December 31, 2023, inclusive of dividends, was 214% 
which ranks No. 2 among our peer set and double the return of the S&P 500. We have worked hard to deliver 
value and strengthen our capital position for our shareholders while fulfilling our commitment to putting our clients’ 
interests first. 

2023 Annual Report | 3

Investment Banking
Investment banking, which consists of advisory services and corporate financing, delivered revenues of $840 
million for 2023, down 7% from 2022 but favorable relative to the overall market. In the face of volatile market 
conditions, we benefited from our comprehensive set of products and sector coverage. Contributions for the year 
were led by our market-leading healthcare and financial services franchises, followed by another strong year from 
the energy & power team and record results from our restructuring and debt advisory groups.

Performance within healthcare was powered by strong med-tech advisory activity and increasing market share in 
biopharma equity capital raising which drove a year-over-year increase in revenues for the team. The healthcare 
industry remains a large and growing fee pool, and with one of the largest and most respected teams in the 
marketplace, we are well-positioned to benefit further from this growth. 

Within financial services, our performance was led by depositories. For 2023, we were the No. 1 advisor in U.S. 
M&A for banks based on both the number of announced transactions and aggregate deal value, and we advised 
on seven of the 10 largest bank mergers and acquisitions completed during the year. 2023 marks the third 
consecutive year of record revenues from our insurance team, which has continued to leverage our broad client 
relationships and robust financial sponsor coverage to win larger mandates. Contributions from our asset & wealth 
management team continues to grow as well.

Our energy & power team delivered another strong year. We retained our leadership in energy services where we 
were one of the top advisors based on number of completed deals in 2023. We continue to feel confident about 
our market position in this space with one of the largest and most tenured teams on the Street.

Growing our investment banking platform continues to be a key focus area. We finished the year with 169 
managing directors, up 10 on a net basis from 2022. A significant component of our growth was driven by internal 
promotions across our industry and product teams, highlighting our success at retaining and developing talent. We 
also remain focused on building a culture of growth that makes us a destination of choice for top-tier talent. Over 
the last 10 years, we have grown our managing director headcount by an average of 13% annually. Given this 
growth, we remain intentional about strategically managing headcount and driving productive capacity while 
consistently looking for opportunities to strengthen the platform.

INVESTMENT BANKING REVENUES
($ in millions)

Advisory Services

Corporate Financing

$363 

$100 

$123 

$105 

$295 

$1,026 

$443 

$394 

$441 

$443 

$125 

$131 

$776 

$709 

$110 

$198 

$114 

$210 

$72 

$305 

$94 
$83 

4  | Piper Sandler Companies

169
Investment banking 
managing directors

No. 2
Advisor in U.S. M&A 
based on # of 
announced deals < $1B
(ranked No. 26 in 2013)

No. 1
Advisor in U.S. bank 
M&A based on # of 
announced deals 
(ranked No. 1 in 2013)

269
Advisory transactions 
completed during 2023

Over the last decade we have executed on our strategic vision and 
delivered strong growth by building a diverse and resilient platform with 
significant scale. Since 2013, we have increased our investment 
banking revenues nearly fivefold, or at a CAGR of 17%. We remain 
focused on growing our annual investment banking revenues to 
$2 billion by continuing to advance corporate development, gaining 
market share in technology, increasing our product delivery to private 
equity clients and continuing to build out our equity capital markets 
business with a disciplined focus in each of our industry sectors.

ADVISORY SERVICES

Advisory services generated revenues of $709 million for 2023, a 9% 
decline from 2022 but significantly stronger than middle market M&A 
activity, which was down 32%. Our results were bolstered by fourth 
quarter advisory services revenues of $284 million, the second 
strongest quarter on record, accounting for 62% of total adjusted net 
revenues. We completed 269 advisory transactions during 2023 and 
maintained our rank as the No. 2 advisor based on number of 
announced U.S. M&A deals < $1 billion. Our strong performance was 
driven by our sector and product diversification and well-balanced 
coverage of both strategic and private equity clients.

Our advisory revenues from private equity clients grew in 2023 despite 
decreased activity in the market, highlighting the scale and increased 
relevance of our platform to a broader universe of financial sponsors. A 
key contributor to our strong performance with private equity clients was 
our debt advisory business. Our debt advisory team excels at finding 
creative and tailored financing solutions to help clients navigate a 
challenging leveraged finance landscape. 

In addition, we benefited from our restructuring group’s record annual 
revenues, including advising the FDIC on the sale of substantially all of 
the deposits and loans of both Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank 
in March 2023. This team, combined with our market-leading industry 
groups, are fostering strong collaboration across the firm and 
positioning us to continue to win high-profile assignments. 

We remain focused on growing our advisory business by leveraging our 
strong market presence and sector coverage, increasing our fee share 
across our various product lines and strengthening our talent base 
through strategic recruiting and investments.

2023 Annual Report | 5

$20 billion
Capital raised for 
corporate clients in 2023

88
Completed equity and 
debt financings

No. 5
Bookrunner of equity 
underwritings for biopharma 
companies with < $5 billion 
of market cap
(ranked No. 11 in 2013)

CORPORATE FINANCING

Corporate financing markets remained challenging during 2023. 
Although the overall corporate equity fee pool increased from 2022, it 
remains well below historical levels at approximately 51% of the 
average over the last 10 years. In addition, the debt financing market for 
financial services companies was essentially shutdown. 

Against this backdrop, we generated $131 million of corporate financing 
revenues, up 5% from 2022. Equity financing revenues for 2023 
increased 28%, partly offset by a decline in debt financing activity within 
financial services. We completed a total of 88 equity and debt 
financings, raising $20 billion in capital for corporate clients. Our 
performance in equity capital raising for 2023 was very strong with 
economic fees from sub $5 billion market cap companies increasing 
46% over 2022, in comparison to a 17% increase in the market fee 
pool.

Healthcare maintained its strong position as a book run franchise and 
led our overall equity issuance activity, serving as bookrunner on 45 of 
46 deals priced in 2023. In addition, Piper Sandler ranked as a top five 
investment bank based on the number of book run deals for sub 
$5 billion market cap companies within the biopharma space. 

6  | Piper Sandler Companies

413
Municipal negotiated 
issuances priced during 
2023

$12 billion
Par value raised for 
clients through municipal 
negotiated issues during 
2023

4%
Par value market share 
for municipal negotiated 
transactions 
(3.3% in 2013)

Public Finance 
Our public finance franchise continued to forge through turbulent market 
conditions during 2023 which resulted from higher interest rates, 
inflationary concerns for issuers and depressed investor demand. Overall 
market issuance declined 3% in 2023 after being down 19% in 2022, only 
the third time the market has experienced consecutive years of 
decreased issuance volumes since the 1980s. In addition, the number of 
new issues in the overall market declined 13% from 2022 while the 
middle market saw a year-over-year decline of 16% and the high-yield 
market decreased 21%.

For 2023, we generated $83 million of municipal financing revenues, 
down 23% from 2022 given our focused efforts in the middle market and 
high-yield sectors where we lead with expertise and add the most value 
for clients. Our diversified platform is a key differentiator in the 
marketplace. In total we underwrote 413 municipal negotiated 
transactions, maintaining our No. 2 ranking for the fourth consecutive 
year, raising more than $12 billion of par value for clients. Though 
conditions were challenging, our robust, national platform provided some 
highlights including Texas, Washington and the Midwest as well as 
significant transactions in the hospitality, transportation, senior living, 
private school and economic development sectors. 

In September 2023, we appointed Dustin Avey and Jeremy Gerber as 
co-heads of public finance, each bringing tenured experience and new 
perspectives to the business. We remain focused on continuing to 
advance our leadership in both our geographic and specialty markets. 
Our premier talent, diversified model and longstanding commitment to 
this business make us a natural choice for partners looking to best serve 
their clients and we see increased opportunities to grow our platform and 
market share. 

MUNICIPAL FINANCING REVENUES
($ in millions)

2023 Annual Report | 7

Institutional Brokerage 
Institutional brokerage delivered $378 million of revenues for 2023, a decrease of 7% over the prior year, as we 
helped clients navigate a challenging market landscape. Through successful execution and integration of strategic 
acquisitions and new hires, we have significantly increased the scale and diversification across our institutional 
brokerage businesses. The breadth of our client footprint, product capabilities and market leadership provided 
counterbalance to overall challenging markets during 2023. 

Essential to the investment banking business, our team of over 160 sales professionals in both equities and fixed 
income are instrumental in distributing our clients’ equity and debt new issue deals. In addition, our brokerage 
businesses provide diversified revenue streams to the overall firm, generate adjacent revenue opportunities and 
create broader solution sets for our clients. Over the last five years, our growth strategy has resulted in efficiencies 
in our cost and capital usage and meaningful expansion in our operating margins and returns in these businesses. 
With the consistency in our strategy and success, we see opportunity to leverage hires made in 2023 and to make 
more targeted hires in 2024 to continue elevating our platform. 

INSTITUTIONAL BROKERAGE REVENUES
($ in millions)

Equity Brokerage

Fixed Income

$196

$234

$195

$168

$58

$89

$75

$82

$76

$79

$74

$88

$75

$80

$48

$77

$80

$88

$161

$154

$210

$210

EQUITY BROKERAGE

Our equity brokerage business generated revenues of $210 million, flat 
year-over-year, as our continued market share gains offset the softer 
market conditions with lower volatility and reduced volumes. Our 
performance was broad-based with high-touch, program and derivatives 
trading all generating strong activity. We traded 10.7 billion shares 
during 2023 for over 1,700 unique clients. 

Strong collaboration between our fundamental analysts and our macro 
research analysts continues to bring a differentiated value to our clients 
recognized by increasing client votes. Our company-specific research 
maintains 1,000 domestic stocks under coverage and ranks as one of 
the largest U.S. research platforms in the small- to mid-cap category. In 
addition, our macro research analysts are consistently ranked in the top 
three on the Street.

10.7 billion
Equity shares traded for 
1,700+ unique clients 
during 2023

1,000
U.S. companies covered by 
our research platform

8  | Piper Sandler Companies

No. 12
Institutional brokerage 
in the U.S. equities 
cash trading
(ranked No. 21 in 2013)

253%
Increase in fixed income 
revenues over the last 
five years

43%
Reduction in fixed income 
inventory over the last 
five years

Over the last five years, we have made a concerted effort to expand our 
equity brokerage footprint while many of our competitors on the Street 
were contracting. Our transformative acquisitions of Weeden and 
Cornerstone Macro have contributed to our outperformance of overall 
market trends and consistent market share gains. We remain focused 
on continuing to increase our market share and expanding our product 
depth and geographic distribution to keep us well-positioned to mitigate 
a declining market wallet.

FIXED INCOME

Fixed income revenues of $168 million for 2023 declined 14% over 
2022 as market conditions remained challenging during most of the 
year. Interest rate uncertainty and an increased focus to maintain higher 
levels of liquidity resulted in a decline in activity among our depository 
clients relative to the prior year. The diversification of our client verticals 
provided some resiliency to our revenues for 2023 as activity among 
our insurance, registered investment advisor and public entity clients 
increased compared to 2022. In addition, the perception that interest 
rate increases have concluded helped move depository clients from the 
sidelines during the fourth quarter of 2023 and they became more 
active repositioning portfolios, leading to numerous balance sheet yield 
optimization assignments. 

Our capital-light fixed income strategy continues to lead with our 
differentiated advice-driven model, allowing us to operate with minimal 
risk or strain on the firm’s balance sheet. Over the last five years, we 
have reduced fixed income inventory by 43% while revenues have more 
than doubled. 

Additionally, we continued to broaden our product depth and client 
specialization by making several new hires in both the trading and 
distribution capabilities of the firm’s non-agency structured credit 
business. We see the current market disruption as an opportunity to 
continue our targeted hiring as we work to deepen the coverage of our 
client verticals and expand product expertise across our growing 
platform. 

2023 Annual Report | 9

As an investment bank, our business is susceptible to unpredictable market conditions and macro environments. 
Throughout our 128-year history, we have made great strides elevating the earnings power and reach of our 
platform despite market cycles. Each business is more diversified and scaled, with deeper and broader client 
relationships, and we have notably increased our market position across our businesses. Against challenging 
market conditions in 2023, our strategic focus, operating discipline and strong productive capacity positioned us to 
navigate these challenges and continue to gain market share.

We are excited to further execute our long-term strategic objectives to drive revenue growth, expand our market 
presence, continue to gain market share and maximize shareholder value. To advance these objectives, we are 
focused on the following:

• Continuing to expand our business through strategic investments and selectively adding partners who share 

our client-centric culture and who can leverage our platform to better serve clients;

• Growing our investment banking platform through market share gains, accretive combinations, developing 

internal talent, and continued sector, product and geographic expansion. We also believe there is an 
opportunity to continue to capitalize on the strength of our U.S. franchises by expanding in Europe;

• Leveraging the scale within the equity brokerage and fixed income services platforms, driven by our expanded 

client base and product offerings, to continue to grow market share; and

• Prudently managing capital to maintain our balance sheet strength with ample liquidity and flexibility through all 

market conditions.

Our success is and continues to be driven by the industrious and entrepreneurial nature of our employees. We 
thank our colleagues for their unwavering dedication to serving our clients, and we congratulate them on an 
impressive outcome in a challenging year. 

On behalf of our fellow partners across Piper Sandler, we would like to thank you, our shareholders, for the trust 
you place in us. We look forward to continuing to serve the best interests of our clients, employees, shareholders 
and communities.

Chad Abraham
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Debbra Schoneman
President

10  | Piper Sandler Companies

Our Culture
Our 128-year legacy has perpetuated because of the partnerships we forge—among our clients, our employees 
and the communities where we live and work. Our empowered entrepreneurial culture recognizes the value of our 
individual employees and gives them the flexibility to pursue opportunities.

We are collaborative, not prescriptive across teams rendering unique solutions. Our teams are intelligent and 
industrious—we consistently roll up our sleeves to dig deeper and go farther for clients and we know where to 
focus our resources for maximum return. We commit to encouraging and valuing inclusivity because every partner 
contributes unique perspectives.

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI)
We believe diverse, equitable and inclusive teams with unique backgrounds, skills and experiences create an ideal 
environment in which our employees can thrive, personally and professionally, while contributing their unique and 
valuable perspectives to the firm. 

We strive to enable bright, committed people to work in partnership within an inclusive environment that allows 
each person to achieve personal success and add value to our teams and communities. By living up to the values 
of our organization we support our employees and benefit our clients and shareholders.

STRATEGIC FOCUS AREAS 

• Accountability – Through performance goals, engagement surveys and our DEI Council, we drive awareness 

and accountability for DEI across the firm. 

• Representation – Through tailored undergraduate and graduate programs, focused community partnerships 
and thoughtful onboarding processes, we strive to attract, recruit and retain a diverse and talented workforce 
that fully reflects our clients and communities.

• Advancement – Through training, mentorship and sponsorship and intentional talent management processes, 

we seek to provide equitable access to career growth and advancement.

•

Inclusion – Through training, engagement and employee resource group communities, we create a culture that 
embraces, celebrates and leverages differences. 

2023 Annual Report | 11

DEI COUNCIL 

The DEI Council serves as an advisory board charged with driving and guiding policies, initiatives and programs 
that support the firm’s diversity, equity and inclusion objectives. 

EMPLOYEE RESOURCE GROUPS

Available to all interested employees, the firm has cultivated five employee resource groups that work in 
partnership with the DEI Council: 

• Multicultural Network – Unlocks the power of multicultural diversity and inclusion by promoting racial and 

cultural awareness within our firm and our communities.

• Pride Network – Dedicated to fostering the inclusion of LGBTQ+ employees and their allies through awareness, 

education, empowerment and involvement with the communities in which we live and work.

• Veterans Network – This group serves as an internal resource for community engagement, training, events, 

recruiting initiatives and assisting veterans in their transition to the corporate workforce.

• Women’s Network – An inclusive, companywide network designed to foster gender equity through networking, 

career development, philanthropy and informal mentorship.

• Young Professionals Network – Provides a forum for employees to develop professionally, build lasting 
connections, foster collaboration across the firm, and enrich the communities in which we live and work.

ENHANCING DIVERSITY & INCLUSION IN OUR PROFESSION 

We maintain two internal programs focused on enhancing diversity and inclusion in our profession.

• Career Exploration Program (CEP) is a two-day program for undergraduate students to learn more about Piper 
Sandler and our opportunities and start to develop skills as future young professionals in financial services. The 
CEP is designed for talented undergraduate sophomore students whose life experiences, demonstrated 
interests and achievements can contribute to our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion. 

• Piper Sandler MBA Fellowship Program is within our MBA summer associate internship and targets talented 

MBA students whose life experiences, demonstrated interests and achievements can contribute to our 
commitment to diversity, inclusion and excellence. 

These programs are open to all interested candidates and serve as a direct pipeline for summer internship 
opportunities that have the potential to convert to full-time positions. We consider all aspects of diversity during the 
selection process.

12  | Piper Sandler Companies

Community Leadership
Community giving has always been integral to the values and guiding 
principles of Piper Sandler. We offer both employee and corporate giving 
programs and funding to nonprofit organizations to make a positive 
impact on the communities where we live and work. 

EMPLOYEE GIVING & CORPORATE MATCHING

One of our core guiding principles is to contribute our talents and 
resources to serve the communities in which we live and work. We 
encourage and support our employees’ individual philanthropic interests 
through the Matching Gifts Program and our Annual Charitable Giving 
Campaign. We also provide Disaster Relief through funds set up to assist 
employees, clients or partners who live or work in an area directly 
affected by a disaster. Disaster Relief funds benefit specific, 
predetermined nonprofits, and all employee contributions are matched by 
Piper Sandler. 

EMPLOYEE VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS

$7 million
Charitable contributions 
made by Piper Sandler and 
employees in 2023

1,800+
Organizations reached 
during 2023 through 
employee efforts 

We support the organizations in which our employees donate their time and resources through grant opportunities. 
The Community Leader Grant encourages and supports sustained volunteerism for employees who contribute 
more than 40 hours annually to a qualifying nonprofit and serve as a member of its board of directors. The 
Volunteer Program Grant provides direct gifts to qualifying nonprofit organizations where an employee volunteers 
40 hours or more in a year.

CORPORATE GIVING & COMMUNITY SUPPORT

Piper Sandler provides corporate funding to nonprofits that are aligned with our focus on increasing education 
opportunities for underserved communities to help create development and employment opportunities for these 
students.

Piper Sandler contributes a consistent percentage of its pre-tax earnings to the community as part of the 
Minnesota Keystone Program, a voluntary initiative promoting corporate support for communities. We have been a 
member of this program for more than 40 years. 

Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG)
Piper Sandler is applying a strategic approach to ESG by prioritizing our efforts to create the greatest impact. 
Integration of ESG in our business activities is firmly rooted in our ability to serve our clients and remain 
responsive to their ever-evolving industries. Our ESG reporting focuses on specific priority issues that we have 
identified based on internal and external stakeholders’ expectations and perspectives. We continue to monitor and 
assess our ESG priorities through input received from leading frameworks and ratings, internal and external 
stakeholders and industry-specific topic assessments. These identified priorities inform our ESG reporting and are 
an input for future planning efforts as we continue to develop our governance, strategy and assessments of risk 
and opportunity for our business relating to ESG.

2023 Annual Report | 13

Board of Directors

Leadership Team

Chad R. Abraham
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Debbra L. Schoneman
President

James P. Baker
Global Co-Head of Investment Banking 
and Capital Markets

John Beckelman
Head of Fixed Income

Katherine P. Clune
Chief Financial Officer

Michael R. Dillahunt
Global Co-Head of Investment Banking 
and Capital Markets

Jonathan J. Doyle
Vice Chairman and Head of Financial Services

Christine N. Esckilsen
Chief Human Capital Officer

John W. Geelan
General Counsel and Secretary

J.P. Peltier
Global Group Head of Healthcare 
Investment Banking 

Shawn C. Quant
Chief Information and Operations Officer

Thomas P. Schnettler
Vice Chairman of Piper Sandler & Co.

Chad R. Abraham
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Piper Sandler Companies

Jonathan J. Doyle
Vice Chairman and Head of Financial Services
Piper Sandler Companies

William R. Fitzgerald
Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Ascent Capital Group, Inc.

Victoria M. Holt
Former President and Chief Executive Officer
Proto Labs, Inc.

Robbin Mitchell
Senior Advisor
Boston Consulting Group

Thomas S. Schreier Jr.
Former Chairman 
Nuveen Asset Management

Sherry M. Smith
Former Executive Vice President 
and Chief Financial Officer
SUPERVALU INC.

Philip E. Soran (Lead Independent Director)
Former President, Chief Executive Officer
and Director
Compellent Technologies, Inc.

Brian R. Sterling
Former Managing Director 
Piper Sandler Companies

Scott C. Taylor
Former Executive Vice President 
and General Counsel
NortonLifeLock Inc. (formerly Symantec Corp.)

14  | Piper Sandler Companies

Appendix

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP financial measures to adjusted, non-GAAP 
financial measures
The financial highlights and letter to shareholders include non-GAAP, or ‘‘adjusted,’’ financial measures. The 
corresponding reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial 
measures are included below.

The non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments to exclude: (1) investment (income)/loss and non-
compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests, (2) interest expense on long-term financing from net 
revenues, (3) amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions, (4) compensation and non-compensation 
expenses from acquisition-related agreements, (5) restructuring and integration costs related to acquisitions 
and/or headcount reductions, (6) non-compensation expenses related to potential regulatory settlements with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission regarding compliance 
with recordkeeping requirements for business-related communications, (7) the impact from remeasuring deferred 
tax assets resulting from changes to the U.S. federal tax code, (8) the impact of a deferred tax asset valuation 
allowance, (9) discontinued operations, and (10) the income tax effect of the adjustments. The adjusted weighted 
average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of non-GAAP earnings per diluted common share 
contains an adjustment to include the common shares for unvested restricted stock awards with service conditions 
granted pursuant to all acquisitions since January 1, 2020. 

Management believes that presenting results and measures on this adjusted basis alongside U.S. GAAP 
measures provides the most meaningful basis for comparison of its operating results across periods, and 
enhances the overall understanding of our current financial performance by excluding certain items that may not 
be indicative of our core operating results. The non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, 
not as a substitute for, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

2023 Annual Report | 15

NET REVENUES

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net revenues to adjusted net revenues for the years ended December 31:

($ in millions)

U.S. GAAP net revenues

Adjustments:

2023
$1,348.0 

2022
$1,425.6 

2021
$2,031.1 

2020
$1,238.2 

2019
$834.6 

Investment (income)/loss related to noncontrolling interests

Interest expense on long-term financing

Adjusted net revenues

(22.9)

5.1 

1.6 

6.5 

(59.1)

(12.9)

(10.8)

8.4 

9.6 

1.8 

$1,330.2 

$1,433.7 

$1,980.5 

$1,235.0 

$825.6 

($ in millions)

U.S. GAAP net revenues

Adjustments:

2018

2013
$741.0  $823.6  $693.2  $602.3  $567.8  $443.5 

2016

2014

2017

2015

Investment (income)/loss related to noncontrolling interests

Interest expense on long-term financing

Adjusted net revenues

(3.6)

4.9 

(5.3)

(11.1)

(9.8)

(15.7)

7.2 

8.2 

6.4 

5.5 

(8.8)

5.8 

$742.2  $825.5  $690.3  $598.9  $557.6  $440.5 

COMPENSATION EXPENSES

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits to adjusted compensation and benefits for the years 
ended December 31:

($ in millions)
U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits

Adjustment:

2023
$897.0 

2022
$983.5 

2021
$1,305.2 

2020
$877.5 

2019
$516.1 

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

(51.1)

(87.5)

(116.8)

(113.4)

(5.1)

Adjusted compensation and benefits

$846.0 

$896.0 

$1,188.4 

$764.1 

$511.0 

NON-COMPENSATION EXPENSES

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP non-compensation expenses to adjusted non-compensation expenses for the years 
ended December 31:

($ in millions)
U.S. GAAP non-compensation expenses

Adjustments:

2023
$328.3 

2022
$307.7 

2021
$284.4 

2020
$292.2 

2019
$199.5 

Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests

Restructuring and integration costs

Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions

Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related 

agreements

Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory 

settlements

Adjusted non-compensation expenses

(9.4)

(7.7)

(19.4)

(7.9)

(11.4)

(15.4)

(7.2)

(4.7)

(30.1)

(4.0)

(10.8)

(44.7)

(4.3)

(14.3)

(4.3)

1.1 

(4.5)

(0.2)

(12.1)

(0.1)

(21.5)

-

-

-

-

$271.3 

$268.6 

$242.1 

$220.6 

$176.5 

Note: amounts presented in the tables above are rounded to millions and may not foot.

16  | Piper Sandler Companies

INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP income from continuing operations before income tax expense to adjusted income 
before adjusted income tax expense for the years ended December 31:

($ in millions)

U.S. GAAP income from continuing operations before 
income tax expense

Adjustments:

Investment (income)/loss related to noncontrolling interests

Interest expense on long-term financing
Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling 

interests 

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

Restructuring and integration costs

Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related 

agreements

Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory 

settlements

Adjusted operating income

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

$122.6 

$134.4 

$441.5 

$68.5 

$119.0 

(22.9)

5.1 

9.4 

51.1 

7.7 

19.4 

(1.1)

21.5 

1.6 

6.5 

7.9 

87.5 

11.4 

15.4 

(59.1)

(12.9)

(10.8)

8.4 

7.2 

9.6 

4.0 

116.8 

113.4 

4.7 

30.1 

10.8 

44.7 

1.8 

4.3 

5.1 

14.3 

4.3 

4.5 

0.2 

12.1 

0.1 

-

-

-

-

$212.9 

$269.2 

$550.0 

$250.3 

$138.2 

Interest expense on long-term financing

(5.1)

(6.5)

(8.4)

(9.6)

(1.8)

Adjusted income before adjusted income tax expense

$207.8 

$262.7 

$541.5 

$240.7 

$136.4 

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies to adjusted net income for the 
years ended December 31:

($ in millions)
U.S. GAAP net income attributable to Piper Sandler 

Companies
Adjustment to exclude net income from discontinued 

operations

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2013

$85.5  $110.7  $278.5 

$40.5  $111.7 

$57.0 

$45.1 

-

-

-

-

23.8 

1.4 

12.5 

Net income from continuing operations

$85.5  $110.7  $278.5 

$40.5 

$87.9 

$55.6 

$32.6 

Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

40.6 

66.7 

93.1 

85.9 

4.1 

22.0 

Restructuring and integration costs

Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related 

agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory 

settlements

Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation

Impact of deferred tax asset valuation allowance

5.7 

8.9 

3.5 

8.7 

10.8 

14.3 

11.8 

23.6 

33.4 

3.3 

-

3.7 

(0.8)

3.3 

0.2 

9.0 

0.1 

0.5 

21.1 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.0 

4.7 

1.0 

2.9 

1.0 

-

-

-

-

Adjusted net income

$166.4  $201.3  $399.0  $177.6  $106.2 

$87.4 

$37.5 

Note: amounts presented in the tables above are rounded to millions and may not foot.

2023 Annual Report | 17

EARNINGS PER DILUTED COMMON SHARE

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP earnings per diluted common share to adjusted earnings per diluted common share 
for the years ended December 31:

U.S. GAAP earnings per diluted common share
Adjustment to exclude net income from discontinued 
operations

2023
$4.96 

2022
2021
$6.52  $16.43 

2020
$2.72 

2019
$7.69 

2018
$3.72 

2013
$2.70 

-

-

-

-

1.65 

0.09 

0.75 

Income from continuing operations

$4.96 

$6.52  $16.43 

$2.72 

$6.05 

$3.63 

$1.95 

Adjustment related to participating shares (1)
Adjustment for inclusion of unvested acquisition-
related stock

-

-

-

-

0.04 

(0.38)

(0.60)

(1.62)

(1.89)

-

-

-

-

-

$4.58 

$5.92  $14.81 

$0.83 

$6.09 

$3.63 

$1.95 

Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to 

acquisitions

Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related 
agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory 

settlements

Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation

Impact of deferred tax asset valuation allowance

2.36 

0.33 

3.93 

0.53 

5.49 

0.21 

5.76 

0.58 

0.29 

0.75 

1.44 

-

0.06 

0.17 

0.83 

0.69 

1.40 

2.24 

0.23 

0.24 

0.06 

(0.05)

0.19 

0.01 

0.61 

0.01 

0.04 

1.23 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.06 

0.31 

-

-

-

-

Adjusted earnings per diluted common share

$9.28  $11.26  $21.92  $10.02 

$7.36 

$5.72 

$2.24 

1) For periods prior to 2020, Piper Sandler Companies calculated earnings per common share using the two-class method, which required 

the allocation of consolidated adjusted net income between common shareholders and participating security holders, which in the case of 
Piper Sandler Companies, represented unvested stock with non-forfeitable dividend rights. No allocation of undistributed earnings was 
made for periods in which a loss was incurred, or for periods in which the special cash dividend exceeded adjusted net income resulting 
in an undistributed loss.

WEIGHTED AVERAGE DILUTED COMMON SHARE OUTSTANDING

A reconciliation of U.S. GAAP weighted average diluted common shares outstanding to adjusted weighted 
average diluted common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31:

(Amounts in millions)
U.S. GAAP weighted average diluted common shares 

outstanding

Adjustment:

Unvested acquisition-related restricted stock with 

service conditions

Adjusted weighted average diluted common shares 

outstanding

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2013

17.2

17.0

17.0

14.9

13.9

13.4

15.1

0.7

0.9

1.3

2.8

-

-

-

17.9

17.9

18.2

17.7

13.9

13.4

15.1

18  | Piper Sandler Companies

Peer Group Performance
The peer group referenced within the annual shareholder letter includes Evercore Inc. (EVR), Houlihan Lokey, Inc. 
(HLI), Lazard, Inc. (LAZ), Moelis & Company (MC) and PJT Partners Inc. (PJT). The peer group also includes the 
Capital Markets segment of Raymond James Financial, Inc. (RJF) and the Institutional Group segment of Stifel 
Financial Corp. (SF) as these segments are a more direct comparison to Piper Sandler. The two business 
segments for RJF and SF are excluded from the diluted earnings per share peer group average as segment 
diluted earnings per share is not available.

Financial measures are obtained from reports on file with the SEC and reflect the twelve month period ending 
December 31, 2023. 

Market Share Positions & Market Data
Market share positions and market data presented within the letter to shareholders are referenced from the 
following independent sources:

MERGERMARKET

•

No. 2 advisor in U.S. M&A based on number of announced transactions during 2023 with a reported deal 
value of < $1 billion; same criteria for 2013 ranking of No. 26 

S&P CAPITAL IQ PRO

•

•

•

Total shareholder return for the five-year period ending December 31, 2023, inclusive of dividends, for 
Piper Sandler (214%, No. 2 among our peer group), Peer Group Average (158%) and the S&P 500 (102%); 
peer group average includes EVR, HLI, LAZ, MC, PJT, RJF and SF

No. 1 advisor in U.S. M&A for banks & thrifts based on both the number and aggregate value of announced 
transactions during 2023; No. 1 advisor in U.S. M&A for banks & thrifts based on the number of announced 
transactions during 2013

Advised on 7 of the 10 largest U.S. bank & thrift M&A transactions completed during 2023

DEALOGIC

• Overall equity capital markets fee pool for 2023 was 51% lower compared to the average market fee pool over 
the last 10 years; includes IPOs, follow-ons and converts > $10 million, and PIPE/RDs > $5 million in value

•

•

•

No. 5 underwriter based on the number of book run equity deals completed during 2023 for biopharma 
companies with < $5 billion of market cap; includes IPOs, follow-ons and converts > $10 million, and 
PIPE/RDs > $5 million in value; same criteria for 2013 ranking of No. 11 

Equity capital markets fee pool for 2023 increased 17% compared to 2022; includes IPOs, follow-ons and 
converts > $10 million, and PIPE/RDs > $5 million in value for companies < $5 billion of market cap

Piper Sandler economic fees for 2023 increased 46% compared to 2022; includes IPOs, follow-ons and 
converts > $10 million, and PIPE/RDs > $5 million in value for companies < $5 billion of market cap

2023 Annual Report | 19

REFINITIV

•

U.S. middle market M&A activity declined 32% in 2023 compared to 2022; reflects aggregate value of 
completed M&A transactions with a reported deal value between $100 million and $1 billion with a U.S. based 
target company

• Overall municipal market issuance volumes decreased 3% (2023 vs. 2022) after being down 19% (2022 vs. 

2021), and the number of new issues in the overall market declined 13% from 2022; based on issues maturing 
in 1.09 years or longer, private placements and municipal forward sales are included, taxable bonds issued 
directly by electric cooperative utilities are included

•

•

•

Number of middle-market new issues declined 16% compared to 2022; based on municipal new issues with a 
par value < $500 million

4.0% par value market share of U.S. sole/senior negotiated and private placement transactions during 2023; 
same criteria for 2013 par value market share of 3.3% 

No. 2 underwriter based on number of U.S. sole/senior negotiated and private placement transactions during 
2023

BLOOMBERG

•

Number of high-yield new issues decreased 21% compared to 2022; includes issues rated below BBB 

THOMSON REUTERS

•

No. 2 equity research platform based on number of U.S. stocks covered in the small- to mid-cap (< $5 billion) 
category for 2023

MCLAGAN

• Market wallet for U.S. equities cash trading for 2023 decreased 6% compared to 2022

•

No. 12 in U.S. equities cash trading for 2023; same criteria for 2013 ranking of No. 21

INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR ALL-AMERICAN RESEARCH SURVEY

• Our macro research analysts are consistently ranked in the top 3 on the Street

20  | Piper Sandler Companies

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K 

☑  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 
Commission File No. 001-31720 

PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES 

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

Delaware

30-0168701

800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 900

Minneapolis, Minnesota

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

55402

(Zip Code)

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(612) 303-6000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol

Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

PIPR

The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  ☑  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes  ☐  No  ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing 
requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑	No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of 
Regulation  S-T  (§232.405  of  this  chapter)  during  the  preceding  12  months  (or  for  such  shorter  period  that  the  registrant  was  required  to  submit  such 
files).    Yes  ☑	No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an 
emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  "large  accelerated  filer,"  "accelerated  filer,"  "smaller  reporting  company,"  and  "emerging  growth 
company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 

Non-accelerated filer

☑
☐

Accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

☐

☐

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new 
or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 
control  over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public  accounting  firm  that 
prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the 
filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  any  of  those  error  corrections  are  restatements  that  required  a  recovery  analysis  of  incentive-based  compensation 
received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐  No  ☑

The aggregate market value of the 17,182,267 shares of the registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, held by non-affiliates based upon 
the last sale price, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, of the Common Stock on June 30, 2023 was approximately $2.2 billion.

As of February 20, 2024, the registrant had 17,682,577 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Part  III  of  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  incorporates  by  reference  information  (to  the  extent  specific  sections  are  referred  to  herein)  from  the 
registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2024.

 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Part I

Item 1.

Item 1A.

Item 1B.

Item 1C.

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Part II

Item 5.

Item 6.

Item 7.

Business

Risk Factors

Unresolved Staff Comments

Cybersecurity

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases 
of Equity Securities

Reserved

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 42)

Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Controls and Procedures

Other Information

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Executive Compensation

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules

Form 10-K Summary

Signatures

Item 9.

Item 9A.

Item 9B.

Item 9C.

Part III

Item 10.

Item 11.

Item 12.

Item 13.

Item 14.

Part IV

Item 15.

Item 16.

3

8

22

23

24

24

24

25

27

28

57

58

58

59

62

67

111

112

112

112

112

113

113

113

113

113

114

116

117

Piper Sandler Companies  |  2

Table of Contents

Part I

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (this "Form 10-K") contains forward-looking 
statements. Statements that are not historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are 
forward-looking  statements.  These  forward-looking  statements  include,  among  other  things,  statements  other  than 
historical information or statements of current conditions and may relate to our future plans and objectives and results, 
and also may include our belief regarding the effect of various legal proceedings, as set forth under "Legal Proceedings" 
in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K and in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
("SEC"). Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and important factors could cause actual 
results to differ materially from those anticipated, including those factors discussed below under "Risk Factors" in Part I, 
Item 1A of this Form 10-K, as well as those factors discussed under "External Factors Impacting Our Business" included 
in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of this 
Form 10-K and in our subsequent reports filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they 
are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new information or future events.

Item 1. Business.

OVERVIEW

Piper  Sandler  Companies  is  an  investment  bank  and  institutional  securities  firm,  serving  the  needs  of  corporations, 
private  equity  groups,  public  entities,  non-profit  entities  and  institutional  investors  in  the  United  States  ("U.S.")  and 
internationally.  Founded  in  1895,  Piper  Sandler  Companies  provides  a  broad  set  of  products  and  services,  including 
financial  advisory  services;  equity  and  debt  capital  markets  products;  public  finance  services;  institutional  brokerage 
services; fundamental equity and macro research services; fixed income services; and alternative asset management 
strategies.  Our  headquarters  are  located  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  and  we  have  offices  across  the  U.S.  and 
international locations in London, Aberdeen and Hong Kong. 

OUR BUSINESS

We operate in one reportable segment providing investment banking services, institutional sales and trading services for 
various equity and fixed income products, and research services. We are organized as one reportable segment in order 
to  maximize  the  value  we  provide  to  clients  by  leveraging  our  diversified  expertise  and  broad  relationships  of  the 
experienced professionals across our company.

Investment Banking

For our corporate clients and financial sponsors, we provide advisory services, which includes mergers and acquisitions 
("M&A");  equity  and  debt  private  placements;  and  debt  and  restructuring advisory.  We  also  help  raise  capital  through 
equity and debt financings. We operate in the following focus sectors: healthcare; financial services; energy and power; 
services  and  industrials;  consumer;  technology;  and  chemicals,  primarily  focusing  on  middle-market  clients.  For  our 
government  and  non-profit  clients,  we  underwrite  municipal  issuances,  provide  municipal  financial  advisory  and  loan 
placement  services,  and  offer  various  over-the-counter  derivative  products.  Our  public  finance  investment  banking 
capabilities focus on state and local governments, cultural and social service non-profit entities, special districts, project 
finance, and the education, healthcare, hospitality, senior living, housing and transportation sectors.

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Equity and Fixed Income Institutional Brokerage

We offer both equity and fixed income advisory and trade execution services for institutional investors, corporations, and 
government and non-profit entities. Integral to our capital markets efforts, we have equity sales and trading relationships 
with institutional investors in North America and Europe that invest in our core sectors. Our fundamental equity research 
analysts  provide  investment  ideas  and  support  to  our  trading  clients  on  approximately  1,000  companies.  Our  macro 
research teams provide a comprehensive overview of global trends, such as economic and energy trends, as well as 
policy  actions  and  political  developments.  Fixed  income  services  provides  advice  on  balance  sheet  management, 
investment strategy and customized portfolio solutions. We provide fixed income sales and trading solutions to banks, 
registered investment advisors, public entities, credit unions, asset managers, and insurance companies. We principally 
engage in trading activities to facilitate customer activity. 

Alternative Asset Management Funds

We have created alternative asset management funds in merchant banking and healthcare in order to invest firm capital 
and to manage capital from outside investors. 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

As of December 31, 2023, the substantial majority of our net revenues and long-lived assets were located in the U.S.

COMPETITION

Our  business  is  subject  to  intense  competition  driven  by  large  Wall  Street  and  international  firms,  regional  broker 
dealers,  boutique  and  niche-specialty  firms  and  alternative  trading  systems  that  effect  securities  transactions  through 
various electronic  venues.  Competition is based on a variety of factors, including price, quality of advice and service, 
reputation, product selection, transaction execution, financial resources and investment performance. Many of our large 
competitors have greater financial and technology resources than we have and may have greater capacity for risk and 
potential innovation as well as more flexibility to offer a broader set of products and services than we can.

In  addition,  there  is  significant  competition  within  the  securities  industry  for  obtaining  and  retaining  the  services  of 
qualified  employees.  Our  business  is  a  human  capital  business,  and  attracting  and  retaining  employees  depends, 
among  other  things,  on  our  company's  culture,  management,  work  environment,  geographic  locations  and 
compensation.

HUMAN CAPITAL

Piper Sandler Companies connects capital with opportunity to create value and build a better future, and our employees 
have been critical to achieving this mission throughout our operating history of more than 125 years. We believe that 
great people working together as a team are our competitive advantage, and it is crucial that we continue to attract and 
retain talented employees. As part of these efforts, we strive to offer a competitive compensation and benefits program; 
provide training and development opportunities; foster a community where everyone feels included and empowered to 
do their best work; and give employees the opportunity to give back to their communities.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 1,725 full-time employees, of which 1,632 were employed in the U.S. and 93 in the 
United  Kingdom  ("U.K.")  and  Hong  Kong.  Approximately  1,330  of  our  employees  were  registered  with  the  Financial 
Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA") as of December 31, 2023. One key metric we use to benchmark our firm to 
industry peer companies is the number of investment banking managing directors. At December 31, 2023, we had 169 
corporate investment banking managing directors. 

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Compensation and Benefits Program 

Our  compensation  program  is  designed  to  attract,  reward  and  retain  employees  who  possess  the  skills  necessary  to 
support  our  business  objectives  and  assist  in  the  achievement  of  our  strategic  goals.  We  provide  employees  with 
competitive compensation packages that include base salary, annual incentive bonuses, length of service awards, and 
equity  awards.  For  further  information  on  the  restricted  shares  we  grant  to  employees  as  part  of  year-end 
compensation, see Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. In addition to 
cash  and  equity  compensation,  we  offer  benefits  such  as  life  and  health  (medical,  dental  and  vision)  insurance,  paid 
time off, tuition reimbursement and a 401(k) plan. We also offer family support services, such as paid parental leave, 
fertility benefits and  adoption  assistance, as well as various health and wellness programs. We believe our  programs 
align both individual employees and long-term company performance with shareholder interests. 

Training and Development

A  core  tenet  of  our  talent  system  is  to  develop  talent  from  within  our  company  and  to  supplement  with  external 
candidates.  We  provide  opportunities  for  employees  to  grow  and  build  their  careers  through  various  training  and 
development programs. We also have a talent and succession planning process, which is reviewed annually with our 
board of directors. 

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion ("DEI")

We believe that diverse teams with unique backgrounds, skills and experiences yield more innovative solutions. This is 
reflected in our commitment to engage, attract, retain and develop a diverse and talented workforce in a high-quality, 
equitable and inclusive environment. 

We maintain several programs and partnerships to help us attract a diverse array of great talent, including the Career 
Exploration Program, the Piper Sandler MBA Fellowship Program and community partnerships with organizations that 
focus  on  coaching,  training  and  mentorship  to  help  close  the  career  opportunity  gaps  for  underrepresented  college 
students.  The  Career  Exploration  Program  and  the  Piper  Sandler  MBA  Fellowship  Program  are  designed  to  attract 
talented undergraduate students and MBA students, respectively, whose life experiences, demonstrated interests, and 
achievements will contribute to our commitment to DEI. These programs, which consider all aspects of diversity during 
the selection process, serve as a direct pipeline for summer internship opportunities that have the potential to convert to 
full-time positions.

We are focused on building an inclusive culture through a variety of initiatives supported by our DEI council, including 
mentorship  and  training.  Our  employee  resource  groups  also  serve  as  a  source  of  inclusion  and  engagement  for  our 
employees, in addition to supporting our efforts to recruit a diverse workforce. Our employee resource groups consist of 
Multicultural, Pride, Veterans, Women's, and Young Professionals networks, and each employee resource group is open 
to all employees and is sponsored and supported by senior leaders across the firm.

Community Leadership

We are committed to contributing our talents and resources to serve the communities in which we live and work through 
the  Piper  Sandler  Foundation,  various  charitable  campaigns,  employee  programs  and  volunteerism.  We  believe  this 
commitment assists in our efforts to attract and retain employees. In 2023, we donated a total of $7.1 million through 
employee  donations,  our  corporate  matching  gifts  programs  and  corporate  grants.  Our  employees  supported  1,885 
causes in 2023 through our Annual Charitable Giving Campaign, a two-week campaign when Piper Sandler Companies 
matches each employee's donations up to $5,000. 

REGULATION

As  a  participant  in  the  financial  services  industry,  our  business  is  regulated  by  U.S.  federal  and  state  regulatory 
agencies, by self-regulatory organizations ("SROs") and securities exchanges, and by foreign governmental agencies, 
financial  regulatory  bodies  and  securities  exchanges.  We  are  subject  to  complex  and  extensive  regulation  of  most 
aspects  of  our  business,  including  the  manner  in  which  securities  transactions  are  effected,  net  capital  requirements, 
financial  and  electronic  recordkeeping  and  reporting  procedures,  relationships  and  conflicts  with  customers,  conduct, 
experience and training requirements for certain employees, and the manner in which we prevent and detect money-
laundering  and  bribery  activities.  The  regulatory  framework  of  the  financial  services  industry  is  designed  primarily  to 
safeguard the integrity of the capital markets and to protect customers, not creditors or shareholders. 

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The  laws,  rules  and  regulations  comprising  this  regulatory  framework  can  (and  do)  change  frequently,  as  can  the 
interpretation  and  enforcement  of  existing  laws,  rules  and  regulations.  Conditions  in  the  global  financial  markets  and 
economy  can  cause  legislators  and  regulators  to  increase  the  examination,  enforcement  and  rule-making  activity 
directed toward the financial services industry. The intensity of the regulatory environment may correlate with the level 
and  nature  of  our  legal  proceedings  for  a  given  period,  and  increased  intensity  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our U.S. broker dealer subsidiary (Piper Sandler & Co.) is registered as a securities broker dealer with the SEC and is a 
member of various SROs and securities exchanges. FINRA serves as the primary SRO of Piper Sandler & Co., and the 
New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") has oversight over NYSE-related market activities. FINRA regulates many aspects 
of  our  U.S.  broker  dealer  business,  including  registration,  education  and  conduct  of  our  broker  dealer  employees, 
examinations,  rulemaking,  enforcement  of  these  rules  and  the  federal  securities  laws,  trade  reporting  and  the 
administration  of  dispute  resolution  between  investors  and  registered  firms.  We  have  agreed  to  abide  by  the  rules  of 
FINRA (as well as those of the NYSE and other SROs), and FINRA has the power to expel, fine and otherwise discipline 
Piper Sandler & Co. and its officers, directors and employees. Among the rules that apply to Piper Sandler & Co. are the 
uniform net capital rule of the SEC (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of FINRA. Both rules set a minimum level of 
net capital a broker dealer must maintain and also require that a portion of the broker dealer's assets be relatively liquid. 
Under  the  applicable  FINRA  rule,  FINRA  may  prohibit  a  member  firm  from  expanding  its  business  or  paying  cash 
dividends if resulting net capital falls below FINRA requirements. In addition, Piper Sandler & Co. is subject to certain 
notification  requirements  related  to  withdrawals  of  excess  net  capital. As  a  result  of  these  rules,  our  ability  to  make 
withdrawals of capital from Piper Sandler & Co. may be limited. In addition, Piper Sandler & Co. is licensed as a broker 
dealer  in  each  of  the  50  states,  requiring  us  to  comply  with  applicable  laws,  rules  and  regulations  of  each  state. Any 
state  may  revoke  a  license  to  conduct  a  securities  business  and  fine  or  otherwise  discipline  broker  dealers  and  their 
officers, directors and employees. 

We also operate one entity that is authorized, licensed and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K. and 
registered under the laws of England and Wales, as well as an entity that is authorized, licensed and regulated by the 
Hong Kong Securities  and  Futures Commission and registered under the laws of Hong Kong. The Financial Conduct 
Authority of the U.K. and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission regulate these entities (in their respective 
jurisdictions) in areas of capital adequacy, customer protection and business conduct, among others. We also have a 
subsidiary organized in Guernsey and regulated by the Guernsey Financial Services Commission ("GFSC").

Entities in the jurisdictions identified above are also subject to anti-money laundering regulations. Piper Sandler & Co. is 
subject  to  the  USA  PATRIOT Act  of  2001,  which  contains  anti-money  laundering  and  financial  transparency  laws  and 
mandates the implementation of various regulations requiring us to implement standards for verifying client identification 
at the time the client relationship is initiated, monitoring client transactions and reporting suspicious activity. Our entities 
in  Hong  Kong,  the  U.K.  and  Guernsey  are  subject  to  similar  anti-money  laundering  laws  and  regulations  in  those 
jurisdictions.  We  are  also  subject  to  the  U.S.  Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  as  well  as  other  anti-bribery  and  anti-
corruption  laws  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate.  These  laws  generally  prohibit  companies  and  their 
intermediaries  from  engaging  in  bribery  or  making  other  improper  payments  to  foreign  officials  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining or retaining business or gaining an unfair business advantage. 

We  maintain  subsidiaries  that  are  registered  as  investment  advisors  with  the  SEC  and  subject  to  regulation  and 
oversight by the SEC. PSC Capital Partners LLC, Piper Sandler Advisors LLC, Piper Heartland Healthcare Capital LLC 
and Piper Sandler Finance Management LLC are asset management subsidiaries and registered investment advisors. 
As registered investment advisors, these entities are subject to requirements that relate to, among other things, fiduciary 
duties to clients, maintaining an effective compliance program, solicitation agreements, conflicts of interest, financial and 
electronic recordkeeping and reporting requirements, disclosure requirements, limitations on agency cross and principal 
transactions between the advisor and advisory clients, as well as general anti-fraud prohibitions. Piper Sandler & Co. is 
also a registered investment advisor and subject to these requirements. Parallel General Partner Limited is the general 
partner of several private equity limited partnerships; it and the limited partnerships are registered and regulated by the 
GFSC.

Certain  of  our  businesses  also  are  subject  to  compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  of  U.S.  federal  and  state 
governments, non-U.S. governments, their respective agencies or various SROs or exchanges governing the privacy of 
client information, as applicable. Any failure with respect to our practices, procedures and controls in any of these areas 
could subject us to regulatory consequences, including fines, and potentially other significant liabilities. 

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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

Information regarding our executive officers and their ages as of February 20, 2024, are as follows:

Name
Chad R. Abraham

Debbra L. Schoneman
Katherine P. Clune

James P. Baker

Michael R. Dillahunt

Jonathan J. Doyle

John W. Geelan

Age

Position(s)

55

55

43

56

55

58

48

Chief Executive Officer

President

Chief Financial Officer

Global Co-Head of Investment Banking and Capital Markets

Global Co-Head of Investment Banking and Capital Markets

Vice Chairman and Head of Financial Services Group

General Counsel and Secretary

Chad R. Abraham is our chief executive officer, a position he has held since January 2018. He previously served as 
global  co-head  of  investment  banking  and  capital  markets  from  October  2010  to  December  2017.  Prior  to  that,  he 
served as head of equity capital markets since November 2005. Mr. Abraham joined Piper Sandler Companies in 1991 
in our investment banking group and was promoted to managing director and head of technology investment banking in 
1999.

Debbra L. Schoneman is our president, a position she has held since January 2018. She previously served as chief 
financial officer from May 2008 to December 2017, and global head of equities from June 2017 to December 2017. Prior 
to  that,  she  served  as  treasurer  from  August  2006  until  May  2008;  and  as  finance  director  of  our  corporate  and 
institutional services business from July 2002 until July 2004 when the role was expanded to include our public finance 
services division. Ms. Schoneman joined Piper Sandler Companies in 1990 in our accounting department.

Katherine P. Clune is our chief financial officer, a position she has held since January 2024. She most recently served 
as senior vice president of finance from November 2023 to January 2024. Before joining Piper Sandler Companies, Ms. 
Clune was treasurer and head of planning and strategy at Evercore Inc., from June 2022 to November 2023, and global 
head of financial planning and analysis at Morgan Stanley from June 2020 to June 2022. Prior to that, Ms. Clune served 
in various capacities with Morgan Stanley from 2005 through June 2022, including global head, liquidity coverage and 
planning, and chief financial officer, U.S. banks.

James P. Baker is our global co-head of investment banking and capital markets, a position he has held since January 
2019. Prior to that, he served as our co-head of energy investment banking from February 2016 to December 2018. Mr. 
Baker  joined  Piper  Sandler  Companies  in  February  2016  in  connection  with  our  acquisition  of  Simmons  &  Company 
International,  where  Mr.  Baker  came  to  serve  as  a  managing  director  and  leader  of  its  midstream/downstream 
investment banking group after joining in 2001. Prior to that, Mr. Baker was a director and chief financial officer at Koch 
Industries and led corporate finance and corporate development for Koch’s energy businesses, and a director for Alton 
Geoscience where he provided consulting services to refining and marketing companies on the West Coast.

Michael  R.  Dillahunt  is  our  global  co-head  of  investment  banking  and  capital  markets,  a  position  he  has  held  since 
March 2021. Prior to that, he served as co-head of our services and industrials group from 2011 to 2020, and as vice 
chairman  of  investment  banking  and  chairman  of  M&A  and  private  equity  coverage  from  2020  to  March  2021.  Mr. 
Dillahunt  joined  Piper  Sandler  Companies  in  1998,  prior  to  which  he  had  been  an  M&A  and  corporate  attorney  at 
Milbank LLP. 

Jonathan J. Doyle is our vice chairman, senior managing principal and head of the financial services group, a position 
he  has  held  since  January  2020.  Mr.  Doyle  joined  Piper  Sandler  Companies  in  connection  with  our  acquisition  of 
Sandler O'Neill, where Mr. Doyle served as a senior managing principal since January 2012, and partner since January 
1995. Mr. Doyle began his career at Marine Midland Bank.

John W. Geelan is our general counsel and secretary. He served as assistant general counsel and assistant secretary 
from November 2007 until becoming general counsel in January 2013. Mr. Geelan joined Piper Sandler Companies in 
2005.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Our  principal  executive  offices  are  located  at  800  Nicollet  Mall,  Suite  900,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  55402,  and  our 
general  telephone  number  is  (612)  303-6000.  We  maintain  an  Internet  Web  site  at  http://www.pipersandler.com.  The 
information contained on and connected to our Web site is not incorporated into this Form 10-K. We make available free 
of charge on or through our Web site our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports 
on  Form  8-K,  amendments  to  those  reports  filed  or  furnished  pursuant  to  Section  13(a)  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities 
Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  "Exchange  Act"),  and  all  other  reports  we  file  with  the  SEC,  as  soon  as 
reasonably practicable after we electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Such reports are also 
available on the SEC's Web site at http://www.sec.gov. "Piper Sandler," the "Company," "registrant," "we," "us" and "our" 
refer to Piper Sandler Companies and our subsidiaries. The Piper Sandler logo and the other trademarks, tradenames 
and  service  marks  of  Piper  Sandler  Companies  mentioned  in  this  report  or  elsewhere,  including,  but  not  limited  to, 
PIPER  SANDLER®,  PIPER  JAFFRAY®,  REALIZE  THE  POWER  OF  PARTNERSHIP®,  CORNERSTONE  MACRO®, 
SIMMONS ENERGY | A DIVISION OF PIPER SANDLER®, SIMMONS ENERGY | A DIVISION OF PIPER JAFFRAY®, 
SIMMONS  ENERGY®,  SIMMONS  &  COMPANY 
INTERNATIONAL®,  SIMMONSCO-INTL®,  PIPER  SANDLER 
FINANCESM,  BIOINSIGHTS®, TAKING  STOCK  WITH TEENS®,  HEALTHY ACTIVE AND  SUSTAINABLE  LIVING®  and 
GUIDES FOR THE JOURNEY®, are the property of Piper Sandler & Co., a subsidiary of Piper Sandler Companies.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In  the  normal  course  of  our  business  activities,  we  are  exposed  to  a  variety  of  strategic  risks,  market  risks,  human 
capital risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, operational risks, and legal and regulatory risks. A description of each of these 
principal areas of risk, as well as the primary risk management processes that we use to mitigate our risk exposure in 
each, is discussed below under the caption "Risk Management" included in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

The following discussion sets forth risk factors that we have identified in each principal area of risk as being the most 
material  to  our  business,  future  financial  condition,  and  results  of  operations. Although  we  discuss  these  risk  factors 
primarily in the context of their potential effects on our business, financial condition or results of operations, it should be 
understood that these effects can have further negative implications such as: reducing the price of our common stock; 
reducing our capital, which can have regulatory and other consequences; affecting the confidence that our clients and 
other  counterparties  have  in  us,  with  a  resulting  negative  effect  on  our  ability  to  conduct  and  grow  our  business;  and 
reducing  the  attractiveness  of  our  securities  to  potential  purchasers,  which  may  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  raise 
capital  and  secure  other  funding  or  the  prices  at  which  we  are  able  to  do  so.  Further,  additional  risks  beyond  those 
discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K or in other of our reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC could 
adversely affect us. We cannot provide assurance that the risk factors herein or elsewhere in our other reports filed with, 
or furnished to, the SEC address all potential risks that we may face.

These risk factors also serve to describe factors which may cause our results to differ materially from those described in 
forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K or in other documents or statements that make reference to this 
Form  10-K.  Forward-looking  statements,  as  further  described  in  this  Form  10-K  under  the  heading  "Cautionary  Note 
Regarding  Forward-Looking  Statements,"  and  other  factors  that  may  affect  future  results  are  discussed  below  under 
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 
10-K.

STRATEGIC AND MARKET RISK

Our  business  success  depends  in  large  part  upon  the  strategic  decisions  made  by  our  executive  management,  the 
alignment of business plans developed to act upon those decisions, and the quality of implementation of these business 
plans. Strategic risk represents the risk associated with our executive management failing to develop and execute on 
the  appropriate  strategic  vision  which  demonstrates  a  commitment  to  our  culture,  leverages  our  core  competencies, 
appropriately responds to external factors in the marketplace, and is in the best interests of our company. In setting out 
and  executing  upon  a  strategic  vision  for  our  business,  we  are  faced  with  a  number  of  inherent  risks,  including  risks 
relating  to  external  events,  market  and  economic  conditions,  competition,  and  business  performance  that  could  all 
negatively affect our ability to execute on our strategic decisions and, therefore, our future financial condition or results 
of operations. The risks related to external events and overall market and economic conditions are referred to as market 
risk. The following are material risk factors that could pose a risk to our strategic vision, and the market risks that may 
impact execution of our strategy.

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Developments  in  market  and  economic  conditions  have  in  the  past  adversely  affected,  and  may  in  the  future 
adversely affect, our business and profitability and cause volatility in our results of operations.

Economic  and  market  conditions  have  had,  and  will  continue  to  have,  a  direct  and  material  impact  on  our  results  of 
operations  and  financial  condition  because  performance  in  the  financial  services  industry  is  heavily  influenced  by  the 
overall strength of economic conditions and financial market activity. For example:

•

In 2023, our business continued to be impacted by the U.S. Federal Reserve's efforts to reduce inflation. Although 
market  volatility  trended  lower,  equity  indices  saw  a  significant  rally  as  the  pace  of  inflation  fell,  and  the  U.S. 
economy  remained  relatively  resilient,  overall  financial  market  activity  remained  subdued  compared  to  historical 
levels.  During  the  first  half  of  the  year,  the  U.S.  Federal  Reserve  raised  rates  four  times,  which  brought  the  fed 
funds  rate  to  a  22-year  high.  These  higher  interest  rates,  persistent  inflation,  and  tightened  lending  standards 
following  two  high-profile  bank  failures  in  the  first  quarter  of  2023  contributed  to  macroeconomic  uncertainty  and 
muted  client  activity  across  our  businesses,  including  advisory,  equity  capital  markets,  fixed  income  institutional 
brokerage,  and  public  finance.  We  believe  that  the  trajectory  of  market  conditions  in  2024  will  be  dependent  on 
several factors, including a continued moderation of the pace of inflation, whether the U.S. Federal Reserve is able 
to cut interest rates, whether the U.S. economy enters a recession and its magnitude and duration, and the effects 
of macroeconomic or political uncertainty in the U.S. or abroad. Widespread concern or doubts in the market about 
U.S.  or  global  economic  conditions,  the  potential  for  financial  contagion  or  widespread  corporate  or  government 
defaults, the U.S. presidential election, the possibility of the broader outbreak of armed conflict in the Middle East or 
Eastern Europe, geopolitical tensions concerning Taiwan, or the pace, impact, or effectiveness of the actions by the 
U.S. Federal Reserve with respect to interest rates, or the efficacy or adequacy of government measures enacted 
to support the U.S. and global economy, could erode the outlook for macroeconomic conditions, economic growth, 
and business confidence, which would negatively impact our businesses.

• Our  equities  investment  banking  revenues  from  our  advisory  and  equity  capital  markets  businesses  are  directly 
related to macroeconomic conditions and corresponding financial market activity. Our equities investment banking 
business overall, but especially our capital markets business, benefits from cycles of strong financial market activity 
and company valuations. As an example, a significant portion of our equities investment banking revenues in recent 
years  has  been  derived  from  advisory  and  capital  markets  engagements  in  our  focus  sectors  and  from  financial 
sponsor  clients,  and  activity  in  these  areas  is  highly  correlated  to  market  conditions  and  the  macroeconomic 
environment. During periods of heightened economic uncertainty, financial market activity can significantly decline, 
as  we  experienced  in  2023,  and  our  business  may  suffer  reduced  revenues  as  a  result.  If  the  outlook  for 
macroeconomic  conditions  in  2024  were  to  remain  depressed,  or  deteriorate  further,  the  level  of  financial  market 
activity could continue to decrease, which would reduce our equities investment banking revenues more generally. 
In addition, market volatility or uncertainty related to a decline in the U.S. or global macroeconomic outlook could 
cause  financial  market  activity  to  decrease,  which  would  also  negatively  affect  our  equities  investment  banking 
revenues. Global macroeconomic conditions and U.S. financial markets also remain vulnerable to the potential risks 
posed  by  exogenous  shocks,  which  could  include,  among  other  things,  political  or  social  unrest  or  economic 
uncertainty  in  the  U.S.  and  the  European  Union,  including  the  potential  for  financial  contagion  or  widespread 
corporate or government defaults, renewed concern about China's economy or financial sector, the wider outbreak 
of armed conflict in the Middle East or Eastern Europe, geopolitical tensions concerning Taiwan, and complications 
involving  terrorism  and  armed  conflicts  around  the  world,  or  other  challenges  to  global  trade.  More  generally, 
because our business is closely correlated to the macroeconomic outlook, a significant deterioration in that outlook 
or an exogenous shock would likely have an immediate and significant negative impact on our equities investment 
banking business and our overall results of operations.

It  is  difficult  to  predict  the  economic  and  market  conditions  for  2024,  which  are  dependent  upon  global  and  U.S. 
economic conditions and geopolitical events globally. Our smaller scale and the cyclical nature of the economy and the 
financial  services  industry  leads  to  volatility  in  our  financial  results,  including  our  operating  margins,  compensation 
ratios, business mix, and revenue and expense levels. Our financial performance may be limited by the fixed nature of 
certain expenses, the impact from unanticipated losses or expenses during the year, our business mix, and the inability 
to scale back costs in a timeframe to match decreases in revenue-related changes in market and economic conditions. 
As a result, our financial results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year.

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Developments  in  specific  business  sectors  and  markets  in  which  we  conduct  our  business  have  in  the  past 
adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our business and profitability.

Our  results  for  a  particular  period  may  be  disproportionately  impacted  by  declines  in  specific  sectors  of  the  U.S.  or 
global economy, or for certain products within the financial services industry, due to our business mix and focus areas. 
For example:

• Our  equities  investment  banking  business  focuses  on  specific  sectors,  including  healthcare,  financial  services, 
energy  and  power,  services  and  industrials,  consumer,  technology,  and  chemicals.  Volatility,  uncertainty,  or 
slowdowns  in  any  of  these  sectors  may  adversely  affect  our  business,  sometimes  disproportionately,  and  may 
cause volatility in the net revenues we receive from our corporate advisory and capital markets activities. Both the 
healthcare  and  financial  services  sectors  are  significant  contributors  to  our  overall  results,  and  negative 
developments in either of these sectors, including negative developments that result from legislative or regulatory 
actions,  would  materially  and  disproportionately  impact  our  equities  investment  banking  results,  even  if  general 
economic  conditions  were  strong.  In  2023,  the  financial  services  sector  suffered  a  significant  decline  in  activity 
following two high-profile bank failures, which negatively impacted our results of operations. In addition, we may not 
participate,  or  may  participate  to  a  lesser  degree  than  other  firms,  in  sectors  that  experience  significant  activity, 
such  as  real  estate,  and  our  operating  results  may  not  correlate  with  the  results  of  other  firms  that  participate  in 
these sectors.

• Our  public  finance  investment  banking  business  depends  heavily  upon  conditions  in  the  municipal  market.  It 
focuses  on  investment  banking  activity  in  sectors  that  include  state  and  local  governments,  cultural  and  social 
service non-profit entities, special districts, project finance, and the education, healthcare, hospitality, senior living, 
housing and transportation sectors, with an emphasis on transactions with a par value of $500 million or less. Both 
refunding  and  specialty  high-yield  new  issuances  have  contributed  a  significant  portion  of  our  public  finance 
investment banking revenues in recent years. During 2023, higher nominal rates and interest rate volatility had a 
disproportionately negative impact on the level of refunding issuances and investor demand for high-yield products 
as  compared  to  other  municipal  issuances,  which  impacted  our  results  of  operations.  To  the  extent  that  those 
conditions  continue  or  worsen  in  2024,  and  to  the  extent  that  there  is  concern  about  U.S.  economic  growth, 
refunding  activity  and  high-yield  sectors  may  continue  to  be  disproportionately  affected,  which  would  impact  our 
results  of  operations.  In  addition,  our  public  finance  banking  business  is  currently  concentrated  in  the  middle 
market,  and  to  the  extent  that  market  conditions  for  our  clients  results  in  lower  activity  as  compared  to  larger 
issuers, our results of operations will be negatively impacted.

• Our  fixed  income  institutional  business  derives  its  revenue  from  sales  and  trading  activity  in  the  municipal  and 
taxable  markets  and  from  hybrid  preferreds  and  U.S.  government  agency  products.  Our  operating  results  for  our 
fixed  income  institutional  business  may  not  correlate  with  the  results  of  other  firms  or  the  fixed  income  market 
generally because we do not participate in significant segments of the fixed income markets such as credit default 
swaps,  corporate  high-yield  bonds,  currencies  or  commodities.  Our  client  activity  in  the  fixed  income  institutional 
business is currently concentrated in the depositories sector.

Financing  and  advisory  services  engagements  are  transactional  in  nature  and  do  not  generally  provide  for 
subsequent engagements.

Even though we work to represent our clients at every stage of their lifecycle, we are typically retained on a short-term, 
engagement-by-engagement  basis  in  connection  with  specific  advisory  or  capital  markets  transactions.  As  a 
consequence, the timing of when fees are earned varies, and, therefore, our financial results from advisory and capital 
markets  activities  may  experience  volatility  quarter  to  quarter  based  on  equity  market  conditions  as  well  as  the 
macroeconomic  business  cycle  more  broadly.  In  particular,  our  revenues  related  to  advisory  transactions  tend  to  be 
more unpredictable from quarter to quarter due to the one-time nature of the transaction and the size of the fee. As a 
result, high levels of revenue in one quarter will not necessarily be predictive of continued high levels of revenue in any 
subsequent period. If we are unable to generate a substantial number of new engagements and generate fees from the 
successful completion of those transactions, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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We  may  make  strategic  acquisitions,  enter  into  new  business  opportunities,  or  engage  in  joint  ventures  that 
could cause us to incur unforeseen expenses, have disruptive effects on our business and may not yield the 
benefits we expect.

A  significant  portion  of  our  growth  in  recent  years  has  come  through  corporate  development  activities,  including 
acquisitions. There are a number of risks associated with these activities. Costs or difficulties relating to a transaction, 
including  integration  of  products,  employees,  technology  systems,  accounting  systems  and  management  controls,  or 
entry into a new business line, may be difficult to predict accurately and be greater than expected causing our estimates 
to  differ  from  actual  results.  Importantly,  we  may  be  unable  to  retain  key  personnel  after  a  transaction,  including 
personnel who are critical to the success of the ongoing business. We may incur unforeseen liabilities of an acquired 
company or from entry into a new business line that could impose significant and unanticipated legal costs on us. We 
will need to successfully manage these risks in order to fully realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions.

Our corporate development activities may require increased costs in the form of management personnel, financial and 
management systems and controls and facilities, which, in the absence of continued revenue growth, could cause our 
operating  margins  to  decline.  In  addition,  when  we  acquire  a  business,  a  substantial  portion  of  the  purchase  price  is 
often allocated to goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. Our goodwill and intangible assets are tested at least 
annually  for  impairment.  If,  in  connection  with  that  test,  we  determine  that  a  reporting  unit's  fair  value  is  less  than  its 
carrying  value,  we  would  be  required  to  recognize  an  impairment  to  the  goodwill  associated  with  that  reporting  unit. 
More  generally,  any  difficulties  that  we  experience  could  disrupt  our  ongoing  business,  increase  our  expenses  and 
adversely  affect  our  operating  results  and  financial  condition.  We  also  may  be  unable  to  achieve  anticipated  benefits 
and synergies from a transaction as fully as expected or within the expected time frame.

Our  long-term  strategic  growth  plan  relies  upon  corporate  development,  and  our  ability  to  realize  that  growth  will  be 
dependent on our ability to identify and execute on accretive opportunities. To the extent that we are unable to do so, 
our long-term growth may be negatively impacted.

We may not be able to compete successfully with other companies in the financial services industry that have 
significantly greater resources than we do.

The financial services industry remains highly competitive, and our revenues and profitability may suffer if we are unable 
to compete effectively. We generally compete on the basis of such factors as quality of advice and service, reputation, 
price,  product  selection,  transaction  execution  and  financial  resources.  Pricing  and  other  competitive  pressures  in 
investment banking, including the use of multiple book runners, co-managers, and multiple financial advisors handling 
transactions, have affected and could continue to adversely affect our revenues.

We remain at a competitive disadvantage given our relatively small size compared to some of our competitors. Large 
financial  services  firms  generally  have  a  larger  capital  base,  greater  access  to  capital,  and  greater  technology 
resources,  affording  them  greater  capacity  for  risk  and  potential  for  innovation,  an  extended  geographic  reach  and 
flexibility to offer a broader set of products. For example, some of these firms are able to use their larger capital base to 
offer  additional  products  or  services  to  their  investment  banking  clients,  which  can  be  a  competitive  advantage.  With 
respect to our fixed income institutional brokerage and public finance investment banking businesses, it is more difficult 
for  us  to  diversify  and  differentiate  our  product  set,  and  our  fixed  income  business  mix  currently  is  concentrated  in 
investment grade fixed income products, potentially with less opportunity for growth than other firms which have grown 
their  fixed  income  businesses  by  investing  in,  developing  and  offering  non-traditional  products  (e.g.,  credit  default 
swaps, interest rate products and currencies and commodities).

Our institutional brokerage business is subject to pricing and competitive pressures.

The  ability  to  execute  trades  electronically  and  through  alternative  trading  systems  and  competitive  pressures  on  our 
clients  have  increased  the  pressure  on  trading  commissions  and  spreads  within  the  equities  institutional  brokerage 
business over the past few years. We expect to continue to experience pricing and other competitive pressures in our 
equities and fixed income institutional brokerage businesses in the future. In addition, we will need to continue to invest 
in these businesses in order to continue to meet our clients’ needs and maintain sufficient scale.

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Our inability to identify and address actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest may negatively impact 
our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We regularly address actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest in our business, including situations where our 
services  to  a  particular  client  or  our  own  investments  or  other  interests  conflict,  or  are  perceived  to  conflict,  with  the 
interests of another client. Appropriately identifying and dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult, and we 
face  the  risk  that  our  current  policies,  controls  and  procedures  do  not  timely  identify  or  appropriately  manage  such 
conflicts  of  interest.  It  is  possible  that  actual,  potential  or  perceived  conflicts  could  give  rise  to  client  dissatisfaction, 
litigation  or  regulatory  enforcement  actions.  Our  reputation  could  be  damaged  if  we  fail,  or  appear  to  fail,  to  deal 
appropriately  with  potential  or  actual  conflicts  of  interest.  Client  dissatisfaction,  litigation,  or  regulatory  enforcement 
actions  arising  from  a  failure  to  adequately  deal  with  conflicts  of  interest,  and  the  reputational  harm  suffered  as  a 
consequence, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Damage to our reputation could harm our business.

Maintaining our reputation is critical to attracting and maintaining clients, customers, investors, and employees. If we fail 
to deal with, or appear to fail to deal with, issues that may give rise to reputational risk, such failure or appearance of 
failure could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price. These issues include appropriately dealing 
with  potential  conflicts  of  interest,  legal  and  regulatory  requirements,  perceptions  of  our  environmental,  social  and 
governance  practices  or  business  selection,  ethical  issues,  money  laundering,  cybersecurity,  and  the  proper 
identification of the strategic, market, human capital, liquidity, credit, operational, legal and regulatory risks inherent in 
our business and products.

The number of anticipated investment banking transactions may differ from actual results.

The  completion  of  anticipated  investment  banking  transactions  in  our  pipeline  is  uncertain  and  partially  beyond  our 
control, and our investment banking revenue is typically earned only upon the successful completion of a transaction. In 
most  cases,  we  receive  little  or  no  payment  for  investment  banking  engagements  that  do  not  result  in  the  successful 
completion of a transaction. For example, a client's acquisition transaction may be delayed or terminated because of a 
failure  to  agree  upon  final  terms  with  the  counterparty,  failure  to  obtain  necessary  regulatory  consents  or  director  or 
shareholder  approvals,  failure  to  secure  necessary  financing,  adverse  market  conditions  or  unexpected  financial  or 
other  issues  in  the  client's  or  counterparty's  business.  More  importantly,  anticipated  advisory  or  capital  markets 
transactions  may  be  delayed  or  terminated  as  a  result  of  a  decline  in  or  uncertainty  surrounding  market  or  economic 
conditions. If parties fail to complete a transaction on which we are advising or an offering in which we are participating, 
we  could  earn  little  or  no  revenue  from  the  transaction  and  may  have  incurred  significant  expenses  (e.g.,  travel  and 
legal expenses) associated with the transaction. Accordingly, our business is highly dependent on market and economic 
conditions  as  well  as  the  decisions  and  actions  of  our  clients  and  interested  third  parties,  and  the  number  of 
engagements  we  have  at  any  given  time  (and  any  characterization  or  description  of  our  deal  pipelines)  is  subject  to 
change and may not necessarily result in future revenues.

HUMAN CAPITAL RISK

Our  business  is  a  human  capital  business,  and,  therefore,  our  future  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  are 
significantly  dependent  upon  our  employees  and  their  actions.  Our  success  depends  on  the  skills,  expertise,  and 
performance  of  our  employees.  Human  capital  risks  represent  the  risks  posed  if  we  fail  to  attract  and  retain  qualified 
individuals  who  are  motivated  to  serve  the  best  interests  of  our  clients,  thereby  serving  the  best  interests  of  our 
company, as well as the risks posed if our culture fails to encourage such behavior. Human capital risk is also present 
where we fail to detect and prevent employees from acting contrary to our policies and procedures, for example, if an 
employee were to inadequately safeguard or misuse our clients' confidential information. Any failure by us in creating 
and maintaining a culture that emphasizes serving our clients' best interests or detecting or preventing employees from 
engaging in behaviors that run counter to that culture might lead to reputational damage for our firm. The following are 
material human capital risk factors that could pose a risk to us.

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Our ability to attract, develop and retain highly skilled and productive employees, develop the next generation 
of our business leadership, and instill and maintain a culture of ethics is critical to the success of our business.

Historically,  the  market  for  qualified  employees  within  the  financial  services  industry  has  been  marked  by  intense 
competition, and the performance of our business may suffer to the extent we are unable to attract, retain, and develop 
productive employees, given the relatively small size of our company and our employee base compared to some of our 
competitors and the geographic locations in which we operate. The primary sources of revenue in each of our business 
lines are fees earned on advisory and underwriting transactions and customer accounts managed by our employees, 
who have historically been recruited by other firms and in certain cases are able to take their client relationships with 
them  when  they  change  firms.  In  some  areas  of  our  business,  a  small  number  of  employees  are  responsible  for 
producing a significant amount of revenue, and the loss of any of these employees could adversely affect our results of 
operations.

Further, recruiting and retention success often depends on the ability to deliver competitive compensation, and we may 
be at a disadvantage to some competitors given our size and financial resources. Our inability or unwillingness to meet 
compensation needs or demands may result in the loss of some of our professionals or the inability to recruit additional 
professionals at compensation levels that are within our target range for compensation and benefits expense. Our ability 
to  retain  and  recruit  also  may  be  hindered  if  we  limit  our  aggregate  annual  compensation  and  benefits  expense  as  a 
percentage of annual net revenues.

A vibrant and ethical corporate culture is critical to ensuring that our employees put our clients' interests first and are 
able  to  identify  and  manage  potential  conflicts  of  interest,  while  also  creating  an  environment  in  which  each  of  our 
employees feels empowered to develop and pursue their full potential. Our expectations for our corporate culture and 
ethics are instilled and maintained by the "tone at the top" set by our management and board of directors. Lapses in our 
corporate culture could lead to reputational damage or employee loss, either of which could adversely affect our results 
of operations.

Our business success depends in large part on the strategic decisions made by our leadership team, and the business 
plans  developed  and  implemented  by  our  senior  business  leaders.  Our  ability  to  identify,  develop,  and  retain  future 
senior business leaders, and our ability to develop and implement successful succession plans for our leadership team 
and other senior business leaders, is critical to our future success and results of operations.

Our  inability  to  effectively  integrate  and  retain  personnel  in  connection  with  our  acquisitions  may  adversely 
affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We invest time and  resources in carefully assessing opportunities for acquisitions, and we have made acquisitions in 
the past several years to broaden the scope and depth of our human capital in various businesses. Despite diligence 
and  integration  planning,  acquisitions  still  present  certain  risks,  including  the  difficulties  in  integrating  and  bringing 
together  different  work  cultures  and  employees,  and  retaining  those  employees  for  the  period  of  time  necessary  to 
realize  the  anticipated  benefits  of  the  acquisition.  Difficulties  in  integrating  our  acquisitions,  including  attracting  and 
retaining talent to realize the expected benefits of these acquisitions, may adversely affect our financial condition and 
results of operations.

LIQUIDITY AND CREDIT RISK

Two of our principal categories of risk as a broker dealer are liquidity and credit risk, each of which can have a material 
impact on our results of operations and viability as a business. We believe that the effective management of liquidity and 
credit  is  fundamental  to  the  financial  health  of  our  firm.  With  respect  to  liquidity  risk,  it  impacts  our  ability  to  timely 
access  necessary  funding  sources  in  order  to  operate  our  business  and  our  ability  to  timely  divest  securities  that  we 
hold  in  connection  with  our  market-making  and  sales  and  trading  activities.  Credit  risk,  as  distinguished  from  liquidity 
risk,  is  the  potential  for  loss  due  to  the  default  or  deterioration  in  credit  quality  of  a  counterparty,  customer,  client, 
borrower, or issuer of securities we hold in our trading inventory. The nature and amount of credit risk depends on the 
type  of  transaction,  the  structure  and  duration  of  that  transaction  and  the  parties  involved. The  following  are  material 
liquidity and credit risk factors that could pose a risk to us.

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An inability to access capital readily or on terms favorable to us could impair our ability to fund operations and 
could jeopardize our financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity, or ready access to funds, is essential to our business. To fund our business, we rely on financing provided by 
Pershing  LLC  ("Pershing")  under  our  fully  disclosed  clearing  agreement  and  Canadian  Imperial  Bank  of  Commerce 
("CIBC") under a clearing arrangement with bank financing, as well as other bank financing. The financing provided by 
Pershing and CIBC is at their discretion (i.e., uncommitted) and could be denied. In December 2023, we renewed our 
unsecured revolving credit facility and increased the size from $75 million to $100 million to use for working capital and 
general corporate  purposes.  We also renewed our committed line in December 2023 for an additional twelve months 
and decreased the size from $80 million to $50 million.

Our access to funding sources, particularly uncommitted funding sources, is dependent on factors we cannot control, 
such  as  economic  downturns,  the  disruption  of  financial  markets,  the  failure  or  consolidation  of  other  financial 
institutions, and negative news about the financial industry generally or us specifically. We could experience disruptions 
with our credit facilities in the future, including the loss of liquidity sources or increased borrowing costs, if lenders or 
investors  develop  a  negative  perception  of  our  short-  or  long-term  financial  prospects,  which  could  result  from 
decreased  business  activity.  Our  liquidity  also  could  be  impacted  by  the  activities  resulting  in  concentration  of  risk, 
including  investments  in  specific  markets  or  products  without  liquidity.  Our  access  to  funds  also  may  be  impaired  if 
regulatory  authorities  take  significant  action  against  us,  or  if  we  discover  that  one  of  our  employees  has  engaged  in 
serious unauthorized or illegal activity.

In the future, we may need to incur debt or issue equity in order to fund our working capital requirements, as well as to 
execute  our  growth  initiatives  that  may  include  acquisitions  and  other  investments.  Similarly,  our  access  to  funding 
sources  may  be  contingent  upon  terms  and  conditions  that  may  limit  or  restrict  our  business  activities  and  growth 
initiatives. In addition, we currently do not have a credit rating, which could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive 
position  by  increasing  our  borrowing  costs  and  limiting  access  to  sources  of  liquidity  that  require  a  credit  rating  as  a 
condition to providing funds.

If we are unable to obtain necessary funding, or if the funding we obtain is on terms and conditions unfavorable to us, it 
could  negatively  affect  our  business  activities  and  operations,  and  our  ability  to  pursue  certain  growth  initiatives  and 
make certain capital decisions, including the decision whether to pay future dividends to our shareholders, as well as 
our future financial condition or results of operations.

The  use  of  estimates  and  valuations  in  measuring  fair  value  involve  significant  estimation  and  judgment  by 
management.

We  make  various  estimates  that  affect  reported  amounts  and  disclosures.  Broadly,  those  estimates  are  used  in 
measuring  fair  value  of  certain  financial  instruments,  investments  in  private  companies,  accounting  for  goodwill  and 
intangible assets, establishing provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation, and regulatory proceedings 
and tax examinations. Estimates are based on available information and judgment. Therefore, actual results could differ 
from  our  estimates  and  that  difference  could  have  a  material  effect  on  our  consolidated  financial  statements.  With 
respect  to  accounting  for  goodwill  and  intangible  assets,  we  complete  our  annual  goodwill  and  intangible  asset 
impairment  testing  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  year  (or  earlier  if  impairment  indicators  are  present).  Impairment 
charges resulting from this valuation analysis could materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned, and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold 
but not yet purchased, are recorded at fair value, and unrealized gains and losses related to these financial instruments 
are  reflected  on  our  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  The  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  is  the  amount  at 
which  the  instrument  could  be  exchanged  in  a  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date. 
Where  available,  fair  value  is  based  on  observable  market  prices  or  parameters  or  derived  from  such  prices  or 
parameters.  Where  observable  prices  or  inputs  are  not  available,  valuation  models  are  applied.  These  valuation 
techniques involve management estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency 
for  the  instruments  or  market  and  the  instruments'  complexity.  Difficult  market  environments  may  cause  financial 
instruments  to  become  substantially  more  illiquid  and  difficult  to  value,  increasing  the  use  of  valuation  models.  Our 
future results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by the valuation adjustments that we apply 
to these financial instruments.

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Investments in private companies are valued based on an assessment of each underlying security, considering rounds 
of financing, the financial  condition and operating results of the private company, third-party transactions and  market-
based  information,  including  comparable  company  transactions,  trading  multiples  (e.g.,  multiples  of  revenue  and 
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA")), discounted cash flow analyses and changes 
in  market  outlook,  among  other  factors.  These  valuation  techniques  require  significant  management  estimation  and 
judgment.

Concentration of risk increases the potential for significant losses.

Concentration  of  risk  increases  the  potential  for  significant  losses  in  our  sales  and  trading,  alternative  asset 
management, credit underwriting and syndication platform, and underwriting businesses. We have committed capital to 
these businesses, and we may take substantial positions in particular types of securities or issuers. This concentration 
of  risk  may  cause  us  to  suffer  losses  even  when  economic  and  market  conditions  are  generally  favorable  for  our 
competitors.  Further,  disruptions  in  the  credit  markets  can  make  it  difficult  to  hedge  exposures  effectively  and 
economically.

Our businesses, profitability and liquidity may be adversely affected by deterioration in the credit quality of, or 
defaults by, third parties who owe us money, securities or other assets.

The nature of our businesses exposes us to credit risk, or the risk that third parties who owe us money, securities or 
other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, 
lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. Deterioration in the credit quality of securities or obligations we hold 
could result in losses and adversely affect our ability to rehypothecate or otherwise use those securities or obligations 
for  liquidity  purposes. A  significant  downgrade  in  the  credit  ratings  of  our  counterparties  could  also  have  a  negative 
impact on our results. Default rates, downgrades and disputes with counterparties as to the valuation of collateral tend 
to  increase  in  times  of  market  stress  and  illiquidity.  Although  we  review  credit  exposures  to  specific  clients  and 
counterparties and to specific industries that we believe may present credit concerns, default risk may arise from events 
or  circumstances  that  are  difficult  to  detect  or  foresee. Also,  concerns  about,  or  a  default  by,  one  institution  generally 
leads to losses, liquidity problems, or defaults by other institutions, which in turn could adversely affect our business.

Particular  activities  or  products  within  our  business  expose  us  to  increased  credit  risk,  including  inventory  positions, 
nonstandard settlements, interest rate swap contracts with customer credit exposure, counterparty risk with one major 
financial  institution  related  to  customer  interest  rate  swap  contracts  without  customer  credit  exposure,  investment 
banking  and  advisory  fee  receivables,  liquidity  providers  on  variable  rate  demand  notes  we  remarket,  and  similar 
activities.  With  respect  to  interest  rate  swap  contracts  with  customer  credit  exposure,  we  have  retained  the  credit 
exposure with four non-publicly rated counterparties totaling $6.7 million at December 31, 2023 as part of our matched-
book  interest  rate  swap  program.  In  the  event  of  a  termination  of  the  contract,  the  counterparty  would  owe  us  the 
applicable  amount  of  the  credit  exposure.  If  our  counterparty  is  unable  to  make  its  payment  to  us,  we  would  still  be 
obligated to pay our hedging counterparty, resulting in credit losses. Non-performance by our counterparties, clients and 
others, including with respect to our inventory positions and interest rate swap contracts with customer credit exposures, 
could  result  in  losses,  potentially  material,  and  thus  have  a  significant  adverse  effect  on  our  business  and  results  of 
operations.

In  addition,  reliance  on  revenues  from  hedge  funds  and  hedge  fund  advisors,  which  are  less  regulated  than  many 
investment  company  and  investment  advisor  clients,  may  expose  us  to  greater  risk  of  financial  loss  from  unsettled 
trades than is the case with other types of institutional investors. Concentration of risk may result in losses to us even 
when economic and market conditions are generally favorable for others in our industry.

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An inability to readily divest trading positions may result in financial losses to our business.

Timely divestiture of our trading positions, including equity, fixed income and other securities positions, can be impaired 
by decreased trading volume, increased price volatility, rapid changes in interest rates, concentrated trading positions, 
limitations on the ability to divest positions in highly specialized or structured transactions and changes in industry and 
government  regulations.  While  we  hold  a  security,  we  are  vulnerable  to  valuation  fluctuations  and  may  experience 
financial losses to the extent the value of the security decreases and we are unable to timely divest or hedge our trading 
position  in  that  security.  The  value  may  decline  as  a  result  of  many  factors,  including  issuer-specific,  market  or 
geopolitical  events.  In  addition,  in  times  of  market  uncertainty,  the  inability  to  divest  inventory  positions  may  have  an 
impact on our liquidity as funding sources generally become more restrictive, which could limit our ability to pledge the 
underlying  security  as  collateral.  Our  liquidity  may  also  be  impacted  if  we  choose  to  facilitate  liquidity  for  specific 
products  and  voluntarily  increase  our  inventory  positions  in  order  to  do  so,  exposing  ourselves  to  greater  market  risk 
and potential financial losses from the reduction in value of illiquid positions.

Our underwriting and alternative asset management activities expose us to risk of loss.

We engage in a variety of activities in which we commit or invest our own capital, including underwriting and alternative 
asset management. In our role as underwriter for equity and fixed income securities, we commit to purchase securities 
from the issuer or one or more holders of the issuer's securities, and we then sell those securities to other investors or 
into the public markets, as applicable. Our underwriting activities, including bought deal transactions and equity block 
trading activities, expose us to the risk of loss if the price of the security falls below the price we purchased the security 
before  we  are  able  to  sell  all  of  the  securities  that  we  purchased.  For  example,  as  an  underwriter,  or,  with  respect  to 
equity securities, a block positioner, we may commit to purchasing securities from an issuer or one or more holders of 
the issuer's securities without having found purchasers for some or all of the securities. In those instances, we may find 
that we are unable to sell the securities at a price equal to or above the price at which we purchased the securities, or 
with  respect  to  certain  securities,  at  a  price  sufficient  to  cover  our  hedges.  With  respect  to  alternative  asset 
management,  our  ability  to  withdraw  our  capital  from  these  investments  may  be  limited,  and  we  may  not  be  able  to 
realize  our  investment  objectives  by  sale  or  disposition  at  attractive  prices,  increasing  our  risk  of  losses.  Our  joint 
venture  entities  or  other  alternative  asset  management  entities  that  underwrite  and  syndicate  client  debt  may  hold  a 
portion of such debt after syndication, and our invested capital is exposed to a risk of loss to the extent that the debt is 
ultimately not repaid.

Our results from these activities may vary from quarter to quarter. We may incur significant losses from our underwriting 
and alternative asset management activities due to equity or fixed income market fluctuations and volatility from quarter 
to quarter, or from a deterioration in specific business subsectors or the economy more generally. In addition, we may 
engage  in  hedging  transactions  that,  if  not  successful,  could  result  in  losses,  and  the  hedges  we  purchase  to 
counterbalance  market  rate  changes  in  certain  inventory  positions  are  not  perfectly  matched  to  the  positions  being 
hedged, which could result in losses. 

Use of derivative  instruments as part of our financial risk management techniques may not effectively hedge 
the risks associated with activities in certain of our businesses.

We use interest rate swaps and credit default swaps, interest rate locks, U.S. treasury bond futures and options, and 
equity option contracts as a means to manage risk in certain inventory positions and to facilitate customer transactions. 
With  respect  to  risk  management,  we  enter  into  derivative  contracts  to  hedge  interest  rate  and  market  value  risks 
associated  with  our  security  positions,  including  fixed  income  inventory  positions  that  we  hold  for  facilitating  client 
activity. Generally, we do not hedge all of our interest rate risk. In addition, these hedging strategies may not work in all 
market environments and as a result may not be effective in mitigating interest rate and market value risk, especially 
when market volatility reduces the correlation between a hedging vehicle and the securities inventory being hedged.

There  are  risks  inherent  in  our  use  of  these  products,  including  counterparty  exposure  and  basis  risk.  Counterparty 
exposure refers to the risk that the amount of collateral in our possession on any given day may not be sufficient to fully 
cover the current value of the swaps if a counterparty were to suddenly default. Basis risk refers to risks associated with 
swaps where changes in the value of the swaps may not exactly mirror changes in the value of the cash flows they are 
hedging.  We  may  incur  losses  from  our  exposure  to  derivative  interest  rate  products  and  the  increased  use  of  these 
products in the future.

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OPERATIONAL RISK

Operational risk is the risk of loss, or damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people 
and  systems  or  from  external  events.  Such  loss  or  reputational  damage  could  negatively  impact  our  future  financial 
condition and results of operations. The following are material operational risk factors that could pose a risk to us.

Our  information  and  technology  systems,  including  outsourced  systems,  are  critical  components  of  our 
operations,  and  failure  of  those  systems  or  other  aspects  of  our  operations  infrastructure  may  disrupt  our 
business, cause financial loss and constrain our growth.

We typically transact thousands of securities trades on a daily basis across multiple markets. Our data and transaction 
processing,  financial,  accounting  and  other  technology  and  operating  systems  are  essential  to  this  task.  A  system 
malfunction (due to hardware failure, capacity overload, security incident, data corruption, or similar event) or mistake 
made relating to the processing of transactions could result in financial loss, liability to clients, regulatory intervention, 
reputational damage and constraints on our ability to grow. 

We operate under a fully disclosed model for all of our client clearing activities and for all of our securities inventories 
with  the  exception  of  convertible  securities.  In  a  fully  disclosed  model,  we  act  as  an  introducing  broker  for  most 
customer  transactions  and  rely  on  a  clearing  broker  dealer  to  handle  clearance  and  settlement  of  our  customers' 
securities  transactions.  The  clearing  services  provided  by  our  clearing  broker  dealer,  Pershing,  are  critical  to  our 
business operations, and similar to other important outsourced operations, any failure by the clearing agent with respect 
to  the  services  we  rely  on  it  to  provide  could  significantly  disrupt  and  negatively  impact  our  operations  and  financial 
results. We also contract with third parties for market data services, which constantly broadcast news, quotes, analytics 
and other relevant information to our employees, as well as other critical data processing activities. In the event that any 
of  these  service  providers  fails  to  adequately  perform  such  services  or  the  relationship  between  that  service  provider 
and  us  is  terminated,  we  may  experience  a  significant  disruption  in  our  operations,  including  our  ability  to  timely  and 
accurately process transactions or maintain complete and accurate records of those transactions.

Adapting  or  developing  our  technology  systems  to  meet  new  regulatory  requirements,  client  needs,  geographic 
expansion  and  industry  demands  also  is  critical  for  our  business. The  introduction  of  new  technologies  presents  new 
challenges  on  a  regular  basis.  We  have  an  ongoing  need  to  upgrade  and  improve  our  various  technology  systems, 
including  our  data  and  transaction  processing,  financial,  accounting,  risk  management,  compliance,  and  trading 
systems. This  need  could  present  operational  issues  or  require  significant  capital  spending.  It  also  may  require  us  to 
make  additional  investments  in  technology  systems  and  may  require  us  to  reevaluate  the  current  value  or  expected 
useful lives of our technology systems, which could negatively impact our results of operations.

A  disruption  in  the  infrastructure  that  supports  our  business  due  to  fire,  natural  disaster,  health  emergency  (e.g.,  a 
pandemic), power or communication failure, act of terrorism or war may affect our ability to service and interact with our 
clients.  If  we  are  not  able  to  implement  contingency  plans  effectively,  any  such  disruption  could  harm  our  results  of 
operations.

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Protection  of  our  sensitive  and  confidential  information  is  critical  to  our  operations,  and  failure  of  those 
systems may disrupt our business, damage our reputation, and cause financial losses.

Our clients routinely provide us with sensitive and confidential information. Secure processing, storage and transmission 
of  confidential  and  other  information  in  our  internal  and  outsourced  computer  systems  and  networks  is  critically 
important  to  our  business.  We  take  protective  measures  and  endeavor  to  modify  them  as  circumstances  warrant. 
However,  our  computer  systems,  software  and  networks,  and  those  of  our  clients,  vendors,  service  providers, 
counterparties  and  other  third  parties,  may  be  vulnerable  to  unauthorized  access,  cyber  attacks,  security  breaches, 
computer viruses or other malicious code, inadvertent, erroneous or intercepted transmission of information (including 
by e-mail), human error, and other events that could have an information security impact. We work with our employees, 
clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties to develop and implement measures designed 
to protect against such an event, but we may not be able to fully protect against such an event, and do not have, and 
may be unable to put in place, secure capabilities with all of these third parties and we may not be able to ensure that 
these third parties have appropriate controls in place to protect the confidentiality of the information. If one or more of 
such  events  occur,  this  potentially  could  jeopardize  our  or  our  clients'  or  counterparties'  confidential  and  other 
information  processed  and  stored  in,  and  transmitted  through,  our  computer  systems  and  networks,  or  those  of  third 
parties,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our,  our  clients',  our  counterparties'  or  third  parties' 
operations.  We  may  be  required  to  expend  significant  additional  resources  to  modify  our  protective  measures  or  to 
investigate  and  remediate  vulnerabilities  or  other  exposures,  and  we  may  be  subject  to  reputational  harm  as  well  as 
litigation, regulatory penalties, and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any 
insurance maintained by us.

A  failure  to  protect  our  computer  systems,  networks  and  information,  and  our  clients'  information,  against 
cyber attacks, data breaches, and similar threats could impair our ability to conduct our businesses, result in 
the  disclosure,  theft  or  destruction  of  confidential  information,  damage  our  reputation  and  cause  significant 
financial and legal exposure.

Our  operations  rely  on  the  secure  processing,  storage  and  transmission  of  confidential  and  other  information  in  our 
computer  systems  and  networks.  There  have  been  several  highly  publicized  cases  involving  financial  services 
companies,  consumer-based  companies  and  other  companies,  as  well  as  governmental  and  political  organizations, 
reporting breaches in the security of their websites, networks or other systems. Some of the publicized breaches have 
involved  sophisticated  and  targeted  cyber  attacks  intended  to  obtain  unauthorized  access  to  confidential  information, 
destroy data, disrupt or degrade service, sabotage systems or cause other damage, including through the introduction 
of computer viruses, malware, ransomware, phishing, denial-of-service, and other means. There have also been several 
highly  publicized  cases  where  hackers  have  requested  "ransom"  payments  in  exchange  for  not  disclosing  customer 
information.

A successful penetration or circumvention of the security of our systems could cause serious negative consequences for 
us,  including  significant  disruption  of  our  operations  and  those  of  our  clients,  customers  and  counterparties; 
misappropriation  of  our  confidential  information  or  that  of  our  clients,  customers,  counterparties  or  employees;  or 
damage to our computers or systems and those of our clients, customers and counterparties. A cyber attack or other 
information security events could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to us or to our 
customers,  loss  of  confidence  in  our  security  measures,  customer  dissatisfaction,  significant  litigation  exposure  and 
reputational harm, all of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We  continuously  monitor  and  develop  our  systems  to  protect  our  technology  infrastructure  and  data  from 
misappropriation or corruption. Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems and information, we may not be 
able to anticipate, detect or implement effective preventive measures against all cyber threats, especially because the 
techniques used are increasingly sophisticated, change frequently, and are often not recognized until months after the 
attack.  Cyber  attacks  can  originate  from  a  variety  of  sources,  including  third  parties  who  are  affiliated  with  foreign 
governments or other actors or employees acting negligently or in a manner adverse to our interests. Third parties may 
seek to gain access to our systems either directly or using equipment or security passwords belonging to employees, 
customers, third-party service providers or other users of our systems. In addition, due to our interconnectivity with third-
party  vendors,  central  agents,  exchanges,  clearing  houses  and  other  financial  institutions,  we  could  be  adversely 
impacted if any of them are subject to a successful cyber attack or other information security event.

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Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, 
software and networks have been and may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses or other 
malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. We may be required to expend significant additional 
resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities, exposures, or information 
security events. Due to the complexity and interconnectedness of our systems, the process of enhancing our protective 
measures can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues.

The increased use of cloud technologies can heighten these and other operational risks. Certain aspects of the security 
of  such  technologies  are  unpredictable  or  beyond  our  control,  and  this  lack  of  transparency  may  inhibit  our  ability  to 
discover a failure by cloud service providers to adequately safeguard their systems and prevent cyber attacks that could 
disrupt our operations and result in misappropriation, corruption or loss of confidential and other information. In addition, 
there is a risk that encryption and other protective measures, despite their sophistication, may be defeated, particularly 
to the extent that new computing technologies vastly increase the speed and computing power available.

Risk management processes may not fully mitigate exposure to the various risks that we face.

We  refine  our  risk  management  techniques,  strategies  and  assessment  methods  on  an  ongoing  basis.  However,  risk 
management techniques and strategies, both ours and those available to the market generally, may not be fully effective 
in  identifying  and  mitigating  our  risk  exposure  in  all  economic  market  environments  or  against  all  types  of  risk.  For 
example, we may fail to identify or anticipate particular risks that our systems are capable of identifying, or the systems 
that  we  use,  and  that  are  used  within  the  industry  generally,  may  not  be  capable  of  identifying  certain  risks,  or  every 
economic  and  financial  outcome,  or  the  specifics  and  timing  of  such  outcomes.  In  addition,  our  risk  management 
techniques and strategies seek to balance our ability to profit from our market-making and investing positions with our 
exposure to potential losses. Some of our strategies for managing risk are based upon our use of observed historical 
market behavior. We apply statistical and other tools to these observations to quantify our risk exposure. Any failures in 
our risk management techniques and strategies to accurately quantify our risk exposure could limit our ability to manage 
risks.  In  addition,  any  risk  management  failures  could  cause  our  losses  to  be  significantly  greater  than  the  historical 
measures indicate. Further, our quantified modeling does not take all risks into account. Our more qualitative approach 
to managing those risks could prove insufficient, exposing us to material unanticipated losses.

The  financial  services  industry  and  the  markets  in  which  we  operate  are  subject  to  systemic  risk  that  could 
adversely affect our business and results.

Participants  in  the  financial  services  industry  and  markets  increasingly  are  closely  interrelated  as  a  result  of  credit, 
trading,  clearing,  technology  and  other  relationships  between  them.  A  significant  adverse  development  with  one 
participant (such as a bankruptcy or default) may spread to others and lead to significant concentrated or market-wide 
problems (such as defaults, liquidity problems or losses) for other industry participants, including us. Further, the control 
and risk management infrastructure of the markets in which we operate often is outpaced by financial innovation and 
growth in new types of securities, transactions and markets. Systemic risk is inherently difficult to assess and quantify, 
and its form and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could 
materially affect our business.

We have documented and tested our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of 
the  Sarbanes-Oxley Act  of  2002  (the  "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"),  which  requires  annual  management  assessments  of  the 
effectiveness  of  our  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  and  a  report  by  our  independent  auditors  regarding  our 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting.  We  are  in  compliance  with  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  as  of 
December  31,  2023.  However,  if  we  fail  to  maintain  the  adequacy  of  our  internal  controls,  as  such  standards  are 
modified,  supplemented  or  amended  from  time  to  time,  we  may  not  be  able  to  ensure  that  we  can  conclude  on  an 
ongoing  basis  that  we  have  effective  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  in  accordance  with  Section  404  of  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Failure to maintain an effective internal control environment could materially adversely affect our 
business.

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LEGAL AND REGULATORY RISK

Legal and regulatory risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and the 
loss to our reputation we may suffer as a result of failure to comply with laws, regulations, rules, related SRO standards 
and  codes  of  conduct  applicable  to  our  business  activities.  It  also  includes  the  risk  that  legislation  could  reduce  or 
eliminate certain business activities that we are currently engaged in, which could harm our future financial condition or 
results of operations. The following are material legal and regulatory risk factors that could pose a risk to us.

Our  business  is  subject  to  extensive  regulation  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate,  and  a  significant 
regulatory  action  against  our  company  may  have  a  material  adverse  financial  effect  on,  cause  significant 
reputational harm to, or result in other collateral consequences for our company.

As a participant in the financial services industry, we are subject to complex and extensive regulation of many aspects 
of  our  business  by  U.S.  federal  and  state  regulatory  agencies,  SROs  (including  securities  exchanges)  and  by  foreign 
governmental  agencies,  regulatory  bodies  and  securities  exchanges.  Specifically,  our  operating  subsidiaries  include 
broker dealer and related securities entities organized in the U.S., the U.K., and Hong Kong. Each of these entities is 
registered  or  licensed  with  the  applicable  local  regulator  and  is  subject  to  all  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations 
promulgated  by  those  authorities.  In  addition,  our  asset  management  subsidiaries,  PSC  Capital  Partners  LLC,  Piper 
Sandler Advisors LLC, Piper Heartland Healthcare Capital LLC and Piper Sandler Finance Management LLC, as well as 
Piper Sandler & Co., are registered as investment advisors with the SEC and are subject to the regulation and oversight 
by the SEC, and we have an additional asset management subsidiary subject to regulation in Guernsey.

Generally, the requirements imposed by our regulators are designed to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and 
to  protect  customers  and  other  third  parties  who  deal  with  us.  These  requirements  are  not  designed  to  protect  our 
shareholders. Consequently,  broker dealer regulations often serve to limit our activities, through net capital,  customer 
protection, market  conduct  requirements and other restrictions on the businesses in which we may operate  or invest. 
We  also  must  comply  with  numerous  regulations,  including  requirements  related  to  fiduciary  duties  to  clients,  record-
keeping,  reporting  and  customer  disclosures.  Compliance  with  many  of  these  regulations  entails  a  number  of  risks, 
particularly in areas where applicable regulations may be newer or unclear. Regulatory authorities in all jurisdictions in 
which  we  conduct  business  may  examine  or  investigate  aspects  of  our  business,  and  responding  to  examinations  or 
investigations could increase regulatory costs and adversely affect our results of operations. For example, in 2023, we 
disclosed ongoing investigations by the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC") regarding 
our compliance with recordkeeping requirements for business-related communications sent over unapproved electronic 
messaging  channels.  In  addition,  we  and  our  employees  could  be  fined  or  otherwise  disciplined  for  violations  or 
prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities. 

Our business also subjects us to the complex income and payroll tax laws of the national and local jurisdictions in which 
we  have  business  operations,  and  these  tax  laws  may  be  subject  to  different  interpretations  by  the  taxpayer  and  the 
relevant governmental taxing authorities. We must make judgments and interpretations about the application of these 
inherently complex tax laws when determining the provision for income and other taxes. We are subject to contingent 
tax  risk  that  could  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations,  to  the  extent  that  our  interpretations  of  tax  laws  are 
disputed  upon  examination  or  audit,  and  are  settled  in  amounts  in  excess  of  established  reserves  for  such 
contingencies.

The effort to combat money laundering also has become a high priority in governmental policy with respect to financial 
institutions. The obligation of financial institutions, including ourselves, to identify their customers, watch for and report 
suspicious  transactions,  respond  to  requests  for  information  by  regulatory  authorities  and  law  enforcement  agencies, 
and  share  information  with  other  financial  institutions  has  required  the  implementation  and  maintenance  of  internal 
practices,  procedures  and  controls  which  have  increased,  and  may  continue  to  increase,  our  costs. Any  failure  with 
respect  to  our  programs  in  this  area  could  subject  us  to  serious  regulatory  consequences,  including  substantial  fines 
and potentially other liabilities. 

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Our industry is exposed to significant legal liability, which could lead to substantial damages.

We  face  significant  legal  risks  in  our  businesses.  These  risks  include  potential  liability  under  securities  laws  and 
regulations in connection with our capital markets, asset management and other businesses. The volume and amount 
of damages claimed in litigation, arbitrations, regulatory enforcement actions and other adversarial proceedings against 
financial  services  firms  has  historically  been  intense.  Our  experience  has  been  that  adversarial  proceedings  against 
financial services firms typically increase during and following a market downturn. We also are subject to claims from 
disputes  with  our  employees  and  our  former  employees  under  various  circumstances.  Risks  associated  with  legal 
liability often are difficult to assess or quantify, and their existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant 
periods  of  time,  making  the  amount  of  legal  reserves  related  to  these  legal  contingencies  difficult  to  determine  and 
subject  to  future  revision.  Legal  or  regulatory  matters  involving  our  directors,  officers  or  employees  in  their  individual 
capacities  also  may  create  exposure  for  us  because  we  may  be  obligated  or  may  choose  to  indemnify  the  affected 
individuals  against  liabilities  and  expenses  they  incur  in  connection  with  such  matters  to  the  extent  permitted  under 
applicable  law.  In  addition,  like  other  financial  services  companies,  we  may  face  the  possibility  of  employee  fraud  or 
misconduct. The precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases, and there can 
be no assurance that we will be able to deter or prevent fraud or misconduct. Exposures from and expenses incurred 
related to any of the foregoing actions or proceedings could have a negative impact on our results of operations and 
financial condition. In addition, future results of operations could be adversely affected if reserves relating to these legal 
liabilities are required to be increased or legal proceedings are resolved in excess of established reserves.

Legislative and regulatory proposals could significantly curtail the revenue from certain products or services 
that we currently provide or could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Proposed changes in laws or regulations relating to our business could decrease, perhaps significantly, the revenue that 
we receive from certain products or services that we provide, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our results 
of operations. Both the healthcare and financial services sectors are significant contributors to our overall results, and 
negative  developments  in  either  of  these  sectors,  including  negative  developments  that  result  from  legislative  or 
regulatory actions, could negatively affect our results of operations, even when general economic conditions are strong. 

The business operations that we conduct outside of the U.S. subject us to unique risks. 

When we conduct business outside the U.S., we are subject to risks, including the risk that we will be unable to provide 
effective operational support to these business activities, the risk of noncompliance with foreign laws and regulations, 
and the general economic and political conditions in countries where we conduct business, which may differ significantly 
from  those  in  the  U.S.  For  example,  the  effect  of  Brexit  is  still  developing  and  could  require  us  to  obtain  additional 
regulatory  licenses  or  impose  additional  restrictions  on  our  ability  to  conduct  business  in  Europe.  In  addition,  our 
international operations require compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act  and  the  U.K.  Bribery Act  2010.  These  laws  generally  prohibit  companies  and  their  intermediaries  from 
engaging  in  bribery  or  making  other  improper  payments  to  foreign  officials  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  or  retaining 
business or gaining an unfair business advantage. While our employees and agents are required to comply with these 
laws,  we  cannot  ensure  that  our  internal  controls  policies  and  procedures  will  always  protect  us  from  intentional, 
reckless  or  negligent  acts  committed  by  our  employees  or  agents,  which  acts  could  subject  our  company  to  fines  or 
other regulatory consequences that could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our results of operations.

Regulatory capital requirements may limit our ability to expand or maintain our present levels of business or 
impair our ability to meet our financial obligations.

We are subject to the SEC's uniform net capital rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the net capital rule of FINRA, which may limit our 
ability to withdraw capital from Piper Sandler & Co. The uniform net capital rule sets the minimum level of net capital a 
broker  dealer  must  maintain  and  also  requires  that  a  portion  of  its  assets  be  relatively  liquid.  FINRA  may  prohibit  a 
member firm from expanding its business or paying cash dividends if resulting net capital falls below its requirements. 
Underwriting  commitments  require  a  charge  against  net  capital  and,  accordingly,  our  ability  to  make  underwriting 
commitments  may  be  limited  by  the  requirement  that  we  must  at  all  times  be  in  compliance  with  the  applicable  net 
capital regulations.

Piper  Sandler  Companies,  our  holding  company,  depends  on  dividends,  distributions  and  other  payments  from  our 
subsidiaries to fund its obligations. The regulatory restrictions described above may impede access to funds our holding 
company needs to make payments on any such obligations.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  21

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OTHER RISKS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS

The following are additional risk factors that could pose a material risk to us or our shareholders.

We may change our dividend policy at any time and there can be no assurance that we will continue to declare 
cash dividends.

Our  current  dividend  policy  is  to  return  between  30  percent  and  50  percent  of  our  fiscal  year  adjusted  net  income  to 
shareholders. Although we expect to pay dividends to our shareholders in accordance with our dividend policy, we have 
no obligation to pay any dividend, and our dividend policy may change at any time without notice. The declaration and 
payment  of  dividends  is  at  the  discretion  of  our  board  of  directors  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  after  taking  into 
account  various  factors,  including  our  financial  condition,  operating  results,  current  and  anticipated  cash  needs  and 
capital uses, limitations imposed by our indebtedness, legal requirements and other factors that our board of directors 
deems relevant. As a result, we may not pay dividends at any rate or at all.

Our  stock  price  may  fluctuate  as  a  result  of  several  factors,  including  changes  in  our  revenues,  operating 
results, and return on equity.

We have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, fluctuations in the market price of our common stock due 
to factors that relate to the nature of our business, including changes in our revenues, operating results, earnings per 
share,  and  return  on  equity.  Our  business,  by  its  nature,  does  not  produce  steady  and  predictable  earnings  on  a 
quarterly basis, which may cause fluctuations in our stock price that may be significant. Other factors that have affected, 
and may further affect, our stock price include changes in or news related to economic, political, or market events or 
conditions,  changes  in  market  conditions  in  the  financial  services  industry,  including  developments  in  regulation 
affecting  our  business,  a  predominantly  passive  or  quantitative  shareholder  base  among  the  Company's  top  twenty 
shareholders, failure to meet the expectations of market analysts, changes in recommendations or outlooks by market 
analysts, and aggressive short selling.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and of 
Delaware law may prevent or delay an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the market value of 
our common stock.

Our  amended  and  restated  certificate  of  incorporation  and  amended  and  restated  bylaws  and  Delaware  law  contain 
provisions  that  are  intended  to  deter  abusive  takeover  tactics  by  making  them  unacceptably  expensive  to  a  potential 
raider and to encourage prospective acquirors to negotiate with our board of directors rather than to attempt a hostile 
takeover. These provisions include limitations on our shareholders' ability to act by written consent and to call special 
meetings. Delaware law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and 
any  holder  of  15  percent  or  more  of  our  outstanding  common  stock.  We  believe  these  provisions  protect  our 
shareholders  from  coercive  or  otherwise  unfair  takeover  tactics  by  requiring  potential  acquirors  to  negotiate  with  our 
board of directors and by providing our board of directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal, and are not 
intended  to  make  our  company  immune  from  takeovers.  However,  these  provisions  apply  even  if  the  offer  may  be 
considered  beneficial  by  some  shareholders  and  could  delay  or  prevent  an  acquisition  that  our  board  of  directors 
determines is not in the best interests of our company and our shareholders.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  22

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity.  

As a trusted advisor to our clients and a regulated financial services firm, information and cybersecurity are critical to 
our  operations  and  reputation.  Our  management  team  takes  an  active  role  in  identifying,  assessing,  monitoring  and 
managing  material  risks  from  information  and  cybersecurity  threats.  Management’s  assessment  of  information  and 
cybersecurity threats is incorporated into our enterprise risk management processes, which include assessing inherent 
risks posed by the internal operating environment and external factors, assessing the adequacy and design of controls, 
testing  controls,  determining  residual  risk  and  comparing  it  to  risk  appetite  thresholds,  and  taking  steps  to  further 
mitigate risks as needed.  Our board of directors is actively engaged in the oversight of cybersecurity and information 
technology  risks,  with  primary  oversight  responsibility  delegated  to  the  audit  committee  of  the  board  of  directors. The 
audit  committee  is  composed  of  board  members  with  the  appropriate  expertise,  including  risk  management, 
cybersecurity and finance, to oversee these risks as well as management's cybersecurity processes and protocols. 

Our chief information and operations officer is a member of our leadership team and has been in this role for 15 years. 
With more than 25 years of experience in information technology in the investment banking industry, he is responsible 
for overseeing more than 100 employees in our information security and technology departments who possess relevant 
educational and industry experience. The information security and technology departments are responsible for various 
functions  of  our  information  and  cybersecurity  program,  including  implementing  and  maintaining  policies  and 
procedures;  developing,  implementing  and  governing  various  service  level  agreements;  ratifying  security  standards; 
reviewing project implementations; performing third-party vendor assessments; and operating programs such as threat 
intelligence, vulnerability management, security information event management, and information governance.

Our  information  and  cybersecurity  program  utilizes  the  National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology  ("NIST") 
Cybersecurity  Framework,  and  our  security  controls  are  mapped  to  the  NIST  Cybersecurity  Framework  to  ensure 
alignment  with  recognized  industry  best  practices.  Annually,  we  engage  a  third-party  consultant  to  conduct  an 
assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  our  information  and  cybersecurity  program  against  the  NIST  Cybersecurity 
Framework.  This  assessment  is  reviewed  with  the  audit  committee,  and  opportunities  for  further  maturation  are 
incorporated into our information and cybersecurity roadmap. 

Additionally, we regularly engage consultants and other third parties to evaluate specific priority areas of our information 
and  cybersecurity  program  based  on  our  assessment  of  the  current  cybersecurity  threat  landscape.  Examples  of  our 
engagement  with  consultants  include  external  penetration  testing,  application  security  assessment  and  cybersecurity 
incident response tabletop exercises. 

Our third-party vendor management program has a tiered approach to assess vendors based on risk profile. We review 
each  third-party  vendor’s  architectures,  security  practices  and  data  flows,  and  integrate  stringent  contractual  terms 
encompassing breach notifications and other security requirements. The risk profiles associated with our service level 
agreements  are  monitored  by  senior  employees  in  our  information  security  and  technology  departments.  Our  vendor 
management  program  also  includes  an  annual  reassessment  of  the  risk  profile  of  each  vendor  and  interim  vendor 
reviews are completed if service alterations occur.

Senior  information  security  and  technology  employees,  including  the  chief  information  and  operations  officer,  meet 
regularly to discuss potential information and cybersecurity threats that have been identified by our systems, employees 
or otherwise made known to us by our third-party service providers, vendors and other external users, and to formulate 
the appropriate response to any identified material information and cybersecurity threats. When high-priority information 
or  cybersecurity  risks  are  identified,  certain  employees  in  our  information  security,  privacy,  technology,  legal  and 
compliance departments meet or communicate to review potential threats in accordance with our internal cybersecurity 
incident response process. 

Potential threats, our response to such threats, and our evaluation of any residual risk are communicated quarterly to 
the  audit  committee. As  necessary,  the  chief  information  and  operations  officer  provides  interim  updates  to  the  audit 
committee and, as appropriate, the board of directors, concerning high-priority or material information or cybersecurity 
threats. Our chief information and operations officer also provides a quarterly update to the audit committee regarding 
our  ongoing  information  and  cybersecurity  initiatives;  the  current  cybersecurity  landscape  and  emerging  threats;  and 
metrics on the effectiveness of certain aspects of our information and cybersecurity program. 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  23

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Employees,  including  representatives  of  management,  conduct  an  annual  cybersecurity  incident  response  tabletop 
exercise  to  review  our  processes  and  procedures  in  the  event  of  a  material  information  or  cybersecurity  incident, 
including  the  process  for  assessing  the  materiality  of  an  incident  and  communication  of  an  incident  to  the  audit 
committee and, as appropriate, the board of directors. In addition, to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity 
risk  management,  we  conduct  regular  phishing  email  simulations  for  employees  to  enhance  awareness  and 
responsiveness to possible threats and other kinds of preparedness training. We also require all employees to complete 
an annual cybersecurity and privacy awareness training.

We  believe  that  we  have  implemented  a  comprehensive,  cross-functional  approach  to  identifying,  preventing  and 
mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents, as well as controls and procedures that provide for the prompt escalation 
of certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions regarding the public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can 
be made by management in a timely manner.

We are not aware of any cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that have 
materially affected or are reasonably likely to affect our company, including our business strategy, results of operations 
or financial condition. However, we cannot provide assurance that a future cybersecurity incident would not materially 
affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Additional information regarding risks related to 
cybersecurity is included under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Item 2. Properties.

As  of  February  20,  2024,  we  conducted  our  operations  through  59  principal  offices  in  31  states,  and  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  in  London,  Aberdeen  and  Hong  Kong.  All  of  our  offices  are  leased.  Our  principal  executive  office  is 
located  at  800  Nicollet  Mall,  Suite  900,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota  55402  and,  as  of  February  20,  2024,  comprises 
approximately 124,000 square feet of space under a lease which expires November 30, 2025. In December 2022, we 
entered  into  a  15-year  lease  agreement  which  comprises  approximately  113,000  square  feet  of  space  for  our  future 
principal executive office located at 350 N. 5th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

The discussion of our legal proceedings contained in Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part 
II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  24

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Part II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related 
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

MARKET INFORMATION

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PIPR." 

SHAREHOLDERS

We  had  8,473  shareholders  of  record  and  approximately  47,559  beneficial  owners  of  our  common  stock  as  of 
February 20, 2024.

DIVIDEND POLICY

Our board of directors has approved a dividend policy with the intention of returning between 30 percent and 50 percent 
of our fiscal year adjusted net income to shareholders.

Our board of directors has declared a special cash dividend on our common stock of $1.00 per share related to 2023 
adjusted net income. This special dividend will be paid on March 15, 2024, to shareholders of record as of the close of 
business  on  March  4,  2024.  Including  this  special  cash  dividend,  we  will  have  returned  $3.40  per  share,  or 
approximately 37 percent of our fiscal year 2023 adjusted net income to shareholders. In addition, our board of directors 
has  declared  a  quarterly  cash  dividend  on  our  common  stock  of  $0.60  per  share  to  be  paid  on  March  15,  2024,  to 
shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 4, 2024. 

Our  board  of  directors  is  free  to  change  our  dividend  policy  at  any  time.  Restrictions  on  our  U.S.  broker  dealer 
subsidiary's ability to pay dividends are described in Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, 
Item 8 of this Form 10-K. 

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

Information about securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is included in Part III, Item 12 
of this Form 10-K, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  25

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ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Piper Sandler Companies 
or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act), of our common stock during the 
quarter ended December 31, 2023:

Total Number of Shares

Approximate Dollar

Purchased as Part of

Value of Shares Yet to be

Total Number of

Average Price

Publicly Announced

Purchased Under the

Shares Purchased Paid per Share

Plans or Programs

Plans or Programs (1)

14,088  $ 

144.13 

—  $ 

138  million

1,787  $ 

152.51 

—  $ 

138  million

4,326  $ 

20,201  $ 

174.87 

151.45 

—  $ 

—  $ 

138  million

138  million

Period

Month #1

October 1, 2023 to 
October 31, 2023

Month #2

November 1, 2023 to 
November 30, 2023

Month #3

December 1, 2023 to 
December 31, 2023

Total

(1) Effective May 6, 2022, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $150.0 million of common stock through December 31, 

2024.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

This performance graph shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 
of  the  Exchange  Act  or  otherwise  subject  to  the  liabilities  under  that  Section,  and  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be 
incorporated  by  reference  into  any  filing  of  the  Company  under  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  or  the 
Exchange Act.

The following graph compares the performance of an investment in our common stock from December 31, 2018 through 
December 31, 2023, with the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Diversified Financials Index. The graph assumes $100 
was  invested  on  December  31,  2018  in  each  of  our  common  stock,  the  S&P  500  Index  and  the  S&P  500  Diversified 
Financials Index, and that all dividends were reinvested on the date of payment without payment of any commissions. 
The performance shown in the graph represents past performance and should not be considered an indication of future 
performance.

Five Year Total Return

Company/Index
Piper Sandler Companies

S&P 500 Index

S&P 500 Diversified Financials

12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023

$ 

100  $  123.88  $ 

160.60  $ 

297.64  $ 

227.96  $ 

314.08 

100 

100 

131.49 

124.57 

155.68 

138.73 

200.37 

188.49 

164.08 

167.25 

207.21 

193.24 

Item 6. Reserved. 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  27

PIPRS&P 500 IndexS&P 500 Diversified Financials12/31/201812/31/201912/31/202012/31/202112/31/202212/31/2023$0$50$100$150$200$250$300$350 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations.

The  following  information  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  accompanying  audited  consolidated  financial 
statements and related notes and exhibits included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Certain statements in this Form 10-K 
may be considered forward-looking. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Form 10-K 
for additional information regarding such statements and related risks and uncertainties. 

Item 7 in this Form 10-K discusses our 2023 and 2022 results and the year-over-year comparisons between 2023 and 
2022.  Discussion  of  our  2021  results  and  the  year-over-year  comparisons  between  2022  and  2021  can  be  found  in 
"Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations"  in  Part  II,  Item  7  of  our 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023.

EXPLANATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

We  have  included  financial  measures  that  are  not  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles ("GAAP"). These non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments to exclude (1) investment (income)/loss 
and  non-compensation  expenses  related  to  noncontrolling  interests,  (2)  interest  expense  on  long-term  financing  from 
net  revenues,  (3)  amortization  of  intangible  assets  related  to  acquisitions,  (4)  compensation  and  non-compensation 
expenses  from  acquisition-related  agreements,  (5)  restructuring  and  integration  costs  related  to  acquisitions  and/or 
headcount  reductions  and  (6)  the  income  tax  expense/(benefit)  allocated  to  the  adjustments.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023, the U.S. GAAP financial measures include $21.5 million of non-compensation expenses related to 
potential regulatory settlements with the SEC and the CFTC regarding compliance with recordkeeping requirements for 
business-related communications. We anticipate the resolution of these matters will include the payment of civil money 
penalties and have accrued estimated civil penalties of $20.0 million, which are included in other operating expenses on 
the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Additionally,  we  have  incurred  $1.5  million  of  related  outside  services 
expenses in connection with these matters. The non-GAAP financial measures for the year ended December 31, 2023 
exclude  the  non-compensation  expenses  related  to  these  potential  regulatory  settlements.  The  adjusted  weighted 
average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of non-GAAP earnings per diluted common share contains 
an  adjustment  to  include  the  common  shares  for  unvested  restricted  stock  awards  with  service  conditions  granted 
pursuant  to  all  acquisitions  since  January  1,  2020.  These  adjustments  affect  the  following  financial  measures:  net 
revenues, compensation expenses, non-compensation expenses, income tax expense, net income attributable to Piper 
Sandler  Companies,  earnings  per  diluted  common  share,  total  non-interest  expenses,  pre-tax  income  and  pre-tax 
margin. Management believes that presenting these results and measures on an adjusted basis in conjunction with the 
corresponding U.S. GAAP measures provides the most meaningful basis for comparison of our operating results across 
periods  and  enhances  the  overall  understanding  of  our  current  financial  performance  by  excluding  certain  items  that 
may not be indicative of our core operating results. The non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition 
to, not as a substitute for, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Overview of Operations

Our business principally consists of providing investment banking and institutional brokerage services to corporations, 
private equity groups, public entities, non-profit entities and institutional investors in the U.S. and Europe. We operate 
through one reportable business segment.

Investment banking services include financial advisory services, management of and participation in underwritings, and 
municipal financing activities. Revenues are generated through the receipt of advisory and financing fees. Institutional 
sales,  trading  and  research  services  focus  on  the  trading  of  equity  and  fixed  income  products  with  institutions, 
corporations, and government and non-profit entities. Revenues are generated through commissions and sales credits 
earned  on  equity  and  fixed  income  institutional  sales  activities,  net  interest  revenues  on  trading  securities  held  in 
inventory,  profits  and  losses  from  trading  these  securities,  and  fees  for  research  services  and  corporate  access 
offerings. In order to invest firm capital and to manage capital from outside investors, we have created alternative asset 
management funds in merchant banking and healthcare. We receive management and performance fees for managing 
these funds, and also record investment gains and losses.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  28

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Our Business Strategy

Our long-term strategic objectives are to drive revenue growth, expand our market presence, continue to gain market 
share, and maximize shareholder value. In order to meet these objectives, we are focused on the following:

•

Continuing  to  expand  our  business  through  strategic  investments  and  selectively  adding  partners  who  share  our 
client-centric culture and who can leverage our platform to better serve clients;

• Growing our investment banking platform through market share gains, accretive combinations, developing internal 
talent, and continued sector, product and geographic expansion. We also believe there is an opportunity to continue 
to capitalize on the strength of our U.S. franchises by expanding in Europe;

•

•

Leveraging  the  scale  within  the  equity  brokerage  and  fixed  income  services  platforms,  driven  by  our  expanded 
client base and product offerings, to continue to grow market share; and

Prudently  managing  capital  to  maintain  our  balance  sheet  strength  with  ample  liquidity  and  flexibility  through  all 
market conditions.

Strategic Activities

We have taken the following important steps in the execution of our business strategy:

•

Our corporate investment banking managing directors increased to 169, up 6.3 percent from 2022, with a significant 
portion of the growth driven by internal promotions. We also strengthened and broadened our industry and product 
coverage in 2023, notably in healthcare services, real estate, asset and wealth management, and restructuring. 

• We  expanded  our  fixed  income  services  team  in  2023  with  the  strategic  build  out  of  our  trading  and  distribution 
capabilities  of  our  non-agency  structured  credit  business. Additionally,  our  continued  investment  in  our  research 
services and specialized sales and trading teams are key differentiators in supporting our finance activity. 

•

In  2023,  we  grew  our  market  share  in  our  advisory  services,  equity  corporate  financing  and  equity  brokerage 
businesses.

• We  demonstrated  the  strength  of  our  differentiated  advisory  product  offerings  in  2023  through  the  generation  of 

record revenues from our restructuring advisory services and agented debt business.

• We completed the following acquisitions in 2022 as part of our growth strategy: 

• On October 7, 2022, we completed the acquisition of DBO Partners Holding LLC, including its subsidiary, 
DBO  Partners  LLC  (collectively,  "DBO  Partners"),  a  technology  investment  banking  firm. The  transaction 
expanded the scale of our technology sector and added general partner advisory services.

• On  June  10,  2022,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  Stamford  Partners  LLP  ("Stamford  Partners"),  a 
specialist  investment  bank  offering  mergers  and  acquisitions  advisory  services  to  European  food  and 
beverage and related consumer sectors. The transaction expanded our presence in Europe.

• On  February  4,  2022,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  Cornerstone  Macro  Research  LP,  including  its 
subsidiary,  Cornerstone  Macro  LLC  (collectively,  "Cornerstone  Macro"),  a  research  firm  focused  on 
providing macro research and equity derivatives trading to institutional investors. The transaction added a 
macro research platform and increased the scale of our equity brokerage operations.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  29

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Financial Highlights

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
U.S. GAAP

Net revenues

Compensation and benefits

Non-compensation expenses

Income before income tax expense

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2023

v2022

$  1,347,967 

$  1,425,638 

 (5.4) %

897,034 

328,347 

122,586 

85,491 

983,524 

307,745 

134,369 

110,674 

 (8.8) 

 6.7 

 (8.8) 

 (22.8) 

 (23.9) 

Earnings per diluted common share

$ 

4.96 

$ 

6.52 

Ratios and margin

Compensation ratio

Non-compensation ratio

Pre-tax margin
Effective tax rate

Non-GAAP(1)

Adjusted net revenues

 66.5 %

 24.4 %

 9.1 %
 19.3 %

 69.0 %

 21.6 %

 9.4 %
 24.7 %

$  1,330,197 

$  1,433,713 

 (7.2) %

Adjusted compensation and benefits

Adjusted non-compensation expenses

Adjusted operating income

Adjusted net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

845,976 

271,278 

212,943 

166,393 

895,999 

268,561 

269,153 

201,317 

Adjusted earnings per diluted common share

$ 

9.28 

$ 

11.26 

 (5.6) 

 1.0 

 (20.9) 

 (17.3) 

 (17.6) 

Adjusted ratios and margin

Adjusted compensation ratio

Adjusted non-compensation ratio

Adjusted operating margin

Adjusted effective tax rate

See the "Results of Operations" section for additional information.

 63.6 %

 20.4 %

 16.0 %

 19.9 %

 62.5 %

 18.7 %

 18.8 %

 23.4 %

Piper Sandler Companies  |  30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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(1) Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP to adjusted non-GAAP financial information:

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
 Net revenues:

Net revenues – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustments:

Investment (income)/loss related to noncontrolling interests
Interest expense on long-term financing

Adjusted net revenues

Compensation and benefits:

Compensation and benefits – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustment:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

Adjusted compensation and benefits

Non-compensation expenses:

Non-compensation expenses – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustments:

Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests
Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

Adjusted non-compensation expenses

Income before income tax expense:

Income before income tax expense – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustments:

Investment (income)/loss related to noncontrolling interests
Interest expense on long-term financing
Non-compensation expenses related to noncontrolling interests
Compensation from acquisition-related agreements
Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

Adjusted operating income

Interest expense on long-term financing

Adjusted income before adjusted income tax expense

Income tax expense:

Income tax expense – U.S. GAAP basis
Tax effect of adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements
Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

Adjusted income tax expense

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies:

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies – U.S. GAAP basis
 Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements
Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

1,347,967  $ 

1,425,638 

(22,916)   
5,146 
1,330,197  $ 

1,575 
6,500 
1,433,713 

897,034  $ 

983,524 

(51,058)   
845,976  $ 

(87,525) 
895,999 

328,347  $ 

307,745 

(9,434)   
(7,749)   
(19,440)   
1,102 
(21,548)   
271,278  $ 

(7,919) 
(11,440) 
(15,375) 
(4,450) 
— 
268,561 

122,586  $ 

134,369 

(22,916)   
5,146 
9,434 
51,058 
7,749 
19,440 
(1,102)   
21,548 

212,943  $ 
(5,146)   
207,797  $ 

1,575 
6,500 
7,919 
87,525 
11,440 
15,375 
4,450 
— 
269,153 
(6,500) 
262,653 

23,613  $ 

33,189 

10,467 
2,053 
5,152 
(292)   
411 
41,404  $ 

20,872 
2,528 
3,599 
1,148 
— 
61,336 

85,491  $ 

110,674 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

40,591 
5,696 
14,288 

(810)   

21,137 

66,653 
8,912 
11,776 
3,302 
— 
201,317 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  31

Adjusted net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

166,393  $ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Earnings per diluted common share:

Earnings per diluted common share – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustment for inclusion of unvested acquisition-related stock

Adjustments:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements
Restructuring and integration costs
Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions
Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements
Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

 Adjusted earnings per diluted common share

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding:

Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding – U.S. GAAP basis
Adjustment:

Unvested acquisition-related restricted stock with service conditions
Adjusted weighted average diluted common shares outstanding

External Factors Impacting Our Business

$ 

$ 

$ 

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

4.96  $ 
(0.38)   
4.58  $ 

2.36 
0.33 
0.83 
(0.05)   
1.23 
9.28  $ 

6.52 
(0.60) 
5.92 

3.93 
0.53 
0.69 
0.19 
— 
11.26 

17,224 

16,965 

715 
17,939 

909 
17,874 

Performance  in  the  financial  services  industry  in  which  we  operate  is  highly  correlated  to  the  overall  strength  of 
macroeconomic conditions, financial market activity and the effect of geopolitical events. Overall market conditions are a 
product  of  many  factors,  which  are  beyond  our  control,  often  unpredictable  and  at  times  inherently  volatile.  These 
factors may affect the financial decisions made by investors, including their level of participation in the financial markets. 
In  turn,  these  decisions  may  affect  our  business  results.  With  respect  to  financial  market  activity,  our  profitability  is 
sensitive to a variety of factors, including the demand for investment banking services as reflected by the number and 
size  of  advisory  transactions,  equity  and  debt  corporate  financings,  and  municipal  financings;  the  relative  level  of 
volatility  of  the  equity  and  fixed  income  markets;  changes  in  interest  rates  and  credit  spreads  (especially  rapid  and 
extreme changes); overall market liquidity; the level and shape of various yield curves; the volume and value of trading 
in securities; and overall equity valuations.

Factors  that  differentiate  our  business  within  the  financial  services  industry  also  may  affect  our  financial  results.  For 
example,  our  capital  markets  business  focuses  on  specific  industry  sectors  while  serving  principally  a  middle-market 
clientele. If the business environment for our focus sectors is impacted adversely, our business and results of operations 
could  reflect  these  impacts.  In  addition,  our  business,  with  its  specific  areas  of  focus  and  investment,  may  not  track 
overall market trends. Given the variability of the capital markets and securities businesses, our earnings may fluctuate 
significantly  from  period  to  period,  and  results  for  any  individual  period  should  not  be  considered  indicative  of  future 
results.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Market Data

The following table provides a summary of relevant market data:

U.S. Market Indices

S&P 500 (a)

Nasdaq (a)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2023

v2022

4,770 

15,011 

3,840 

10,466 

 24.2 %

 43.4 

U.S. Middle Market Mergers and Acquisitions

Announced transactions (number of transactions) (b)

2,774 

3,714 

 (25.3) 

U.S. Equity Capital Markets

Completed public equity offerings (number of transactions) (c)

Completed initial public offerings (number of transactions) (d)

Equity fee pool for overall market (in millions) (e)

Equity fee pool for sub-$5 billion (in millions) (f)

U.S. Municipal Negotiated Issuances

Completed issuances (number of transactions) (g)

Aggregate par value (in billions) (g)

Average CBOE Volatility Index (VIX)

Average Daily Number of Shares Traded

$ 

$ 

$ 

NYSE (shares in millions)

Nasdaq (shares in millions)

Interest Rates

3-month treasury average rate

10-year treasury average rate

Average 10-year MMD to 10-year Treasury Ratio (h)

(a) Data provided is at period end.

$ 

$ 

$ 

566 

90 

4,681 

2,820 

4,921 

313 

17 

2,185 

1,822 

521 

156 

3,517 

2,404 

5,854 

313 

26 

2,355 

2,083 

 5.28 %

 3.96 %

0.67 

 2.09 %

 2.95 %

0.83 

 8.6 

 (42.3) 

 33.1 

 17.3 

 (15.9) 

 — 

 (34.6) 

 (7.2) 

 (12.5) 

 152.6 

 34.2 

 (19.3) 

(b) Source: Refinitiv (transactions with reported deal value between $100 million and $1 billion and transactions with an undisclosed 

deal value that had a financial advisor).

(c) Source:  Dealogic  and  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  Equity  Capital  Markets  (IPOs,  follow-on  offerings  and  convertible  offerings  with 

reported deal value greater than $10 million).

(d) Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler & Co. Equity Capital Markets (offerings with reported deal value greater than $10 million).

(e) Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler & Co. Equity Capital Markets (IPOs, follow-on offerings and convertible offerings with deal 
values  greater  than  $10  million  and  PIPEs/RDs  greater  than  $5  million;  SPAC  IPO  fees  are  represented  as  the  standard  two 
percent upfront fee unless noted differently on the IPO cover).

(f) Source: Dealogic and Piper Sandler & Co. Equity Capital Markets (IPOs, follow-on offerings and convertible offerings with deal 
values greater than $10 million and PIPEs/RDs greater than $5 million for sub-$5 billion market cap issuers; SPAC IPO fees are 
represented as the standard two percent upfront fee unless noted differently on the IPO cover).

(g) Source: Refinitiv (sole/senior negotiated and private placement transactions).

(h) Calculated based on the 10-year MMD index rate divided by the 10-year treasury rate.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Outlook for 2024

We believe U.S. monetary policy will remain a factor impacting the economy and financial markets in 2024. The U.S. 
Federal  Reserve  held  its  short-term  benchmark  interest  rate  steady  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023  and  is  expected  to 
begin  reducing  rates  in  2024,  however  the  timing  remains  uncertain.  Inflation  moderated  in  2023,  however  prices  for 
goods and services remain elevated and, combined with labor shortages and tightened lending standards, continue to 
strain  the  economy.  Geopolitical  concerns,  including  the  conflicts  in  the  Middle  East  and  Eastern  Europe,  could 
negatively  impact  financial  market  activity  in  2024. Additionally,  the  2024  U.S.  presidential  election  may  influence  the 
volatility or direction of the markets based on investors' assessment of the outcome and the overall political outlook in 
the U.S.

We  estimate  M&A  market  activity  was  down  20  to  30  percent  in  2023  as  compared  to  2022.  We  experienced  more 
resilient  advisory  services  results  compared  to  the  market  in  2023  as  we  benefited  from  our  sector  and  product 
diversification, along with balanced coverage of strategic and private equity clients. We experienced an elevated close 
rate  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023  driven  by  a  slight  improvement  in  market  conditions.  Our  advisory  pipeline  remains 
strong and we expect advisory services revenues to strengthen with improving market conditions in 2024. 

While equity financing activity improved relative to the prior year, the market activity continues to remain below historical 
levels.  We  expect  equity  and  debt  capital  markets  activity  to  increase  in  2024  as  clients  require  access  to  capital  in 
order to execute on their strategic plans. 

The equity markets experienced lower average volatility and moderated volumes in 2023. Despite these softer market 
conditions,  our  equity  brokerage  revenue  was  consistent  with  the  prior  year  reflecting  market  share  gains.  Our  client 
research  votes  continue  to  increase,  which  we  believe  will  drive  further  market  share  gains  over  time.  In  2024,  we 
anticipate  a  more  challenging  market  environment  with  a  lower  research  and  trading  services  fee  pool,  as  well  as 
expectations of lower volatility. 

Market  conditions  for  our  fixed  income  services  business  were  challenging  during  the  first  nine  months  of  2023  as 
interest rate volatility and liquidity concerns for banking institutions muted client activity. However, in the fourth quarter 
we experienced increased client activity from our depository clients resulting from the expectation that the U.S. Federal 
Reserve  will  not  raise  rates  further.  We  expect  this  higher  client  activity  to  continue  in  2024  as  our  clients  take 
advantage of higher yielding securities.

Market conditions were challenging for our municipal financing business for most of the year due to higher interest rates 
and volatility, as well as weakened investor demand. In 2023, the number of new municipal negotiated issuances in the 
overall  market  declined  approximately  13  percent  from  the  prior  year  and  the  number  of  new  high-yield  municipal 
negotiated  issuances  decreased  approximately  21  percent.  While  market  conditions  continue  to  be  challenging,  we 
experienced an improvement in the fourth quarter stemming from declining rates and increased investor demand, and 
we believe the market for municipal financing will continue to improve as 2024 progresses. 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  34

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Financial Summary

The following table provides a summary of the results of our operations on a U.S. GAAP basis and the results of our 
operations as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

Year Ended December 31,

As a Percentage of

Net Revenues for the

(Amounts in thousands)

2023

2022

2021

Revenues

2023

v2022

2022

v2021

2023

2022

2021

Investment banking

$  923,812  $ 1,009,509  $ 1,553,219 

 (8.5) %

 (35.0) %

 68.5 %

 70.8 %

 76.5 %

Institutional brokerage

  377,539 

  405,267 

  387,577 

 (6.8) 

 4.6 

 28.0 

 28.4 

 19.1 

Interest income

Investment income/(loss)

26,723 

30,039 

20,365 

6,967 

(23)   

94,032 

Total revenues

Interest expense

Net revenues

  1,358,113 

  1,435,118 

  2,041,795 

10,146 

9,480 

10,734 

  1,347,967 

  1,425,638 

  2,031,061 

Non-interest expenses

Compensation and benefits

  897,034 

  983,524 

  1,305,166 

Outside services

Occupancy and equipment

Communications
Marketing and business 

development

Deal-related expenses

Trade execution and clearance  
Restructuring and integration 

costs

Intangible asset amortization

Other operating expenses

51,754 

64,356 

52,718 

37,734 

28,189 

19,972 

7,749 

19,440 

46,435 

53,189 

64,252 

50,565 

42,849 

31,874 

20,185 

11,440 

15,375 

18,016 

45,942 

56,946 

44,008 

20,902 

42,921 

16,533 

 31.2 

N/M

 (5.4) 

 7.0 

 (5.4) 

 (8.8) 

 (2.7) 

 0.2 

 4.3 

 (11.9) 

 (11.6) 

 (1.1) 

4,724 

 (32.3) 

 142.2 

30,080 

 26.4 

22,327 

 157.7 

Total non-interest expenses

  1,225,381 

  1,291,269 

  1,589,549 

 (5.1) 

Income before income tax 

expense

  122,586 

  134,369 

  441,512 

 (8.8) 

Income tax expense

23,613 

33,189 

  111,144 

 (28.9) 

Net income

98,973 

  101,180 

  330,368 

 (2.2) 

Net income/(loss) attributable to 

noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to 
Piper Sandler Companies

N/M — Not meaningful

13,482 

(9,494)   

51,854 

N/M

N/M

$  85,491  $  110,674  $  278,514 

 (22.8) 

 (60.3) 

 15.8 

 12.8 

 14.9 

 105.0 

 (25.7) 

 22.1 

 (48.9) 

 (19.3) 

 (18.8) 

 (69.6) 

 (70.1) 

 (69.4) 

 192.3 

N/M

 2.0 

 2.2 

 1.4 

 0.0 

 0.3 

 4.6 

 (29.7) 

 100.8 

 100.7 

 100.5 

 (11.7) 

 0.8 

 0.7 

 0.5 

 (29.8) 

 100.0 

 100.0 

 100.0 

 (24.6) 

 66.5 

 69.0 

 64.3 

 3.8 

 4.8 

 3.9 

 2.8 

 2.1 

 1.5 

 0.6 

 1.4 

 3.4 

 3.7 

 4.5 

 3.5 

 3.0 

 2.2 

 1.4 

 0.8 

 1.1 

 1.3 

 2.3 

 2.8 

 2.2 

 1.0 

 2.1 

 0.8 

 0.2 

 1.5 

 1.1 

 90.9 

 90.6 

 78.3 

 9.1 

 1.8 

 7.3 

 1.0 

 6.3 

 9.4 

 2.3 

 7.1 

 21.7 

 5.5 

 16.3 

 (0.7) 

 2.6 

 7.8 

 13.7 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  we  recorded  net  income  attributable  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies  of 
$85.5 million. Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased 5.4 percent to $1.35 billion, compared 
with $1.43 billion in the year-ago period. In 2023, investment banking revenues decreased 8.5 percent to $923.8 million, 
compared  with  $1.01  billion  in  2022,  primarily  driven  by  a  decrease  in  advisory  services  revenues,  as  well  as  lower 
municipal financing revenues, offset in part by higher corporate financing revenues. For the year ended December 31, 
2023,  institutional  brokerage  revenues  were  $377.5  million,  down  6.8  percent  compared  with  $405.3  million  in  2022, 
primarily  due  to  lower  fixed  income  services  revenues.  In  2023,  net  interest  income  was  $16.6  million,  compared  to 
$10.9 million in 2022, resulting from an increase in interest income on our long inventory and cash balances. For the 
year  ended  December  31,  2023,  we  recorded  investment  income  of  $30.0  million  primarily  related  to  gains  on  our 
investments and the noncontrolling interests in the alternative asset management funds that we manage. Non-interest 
expenses were $1.23 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, down 5.1 percent compared to $1.29 billion in the 
prior  year,  primarily  due  to  decreased  compensation  expenses  resulting  from  lower  revenues,  offset  in  part  by  higher 
other operating expenses. 

Consolidated Non-Interest Expenses

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation  and  benefits  expenses,  which  are  the  largest  component  of  our  expenses,  include  salaries,  incentive 
compensation,  benefits,  stock-based  compensation,  employment  taxes,  reversal  of  expenses  associated  with  the 
forfeiture  of  stock-based  compensation  and  other  employee-related  costs.  A  significant  portion  of  compensation 
expense is comprised of variable incentive arrangements, including discretionary incentive compensation, the amount of 
which fluctuates in proportion to the level of business activity, increasing with higher revenues and operating profits and 
decreasing with lower revenues and operating profits. Other compensation costs, primarily base salaries and benefits, 
are more fixed in nature. The timing of incentive compensation payments, which is generally in February, has a greater 
impact on our cash position and liquidity than is reflected on our consolidated statements of operations. In conjunction 
with our acquisitions, we have granted restricted stock and restricted cash with service conditions, which are amortized 
to compensation expense over the service period. We have also entered into forgivable loans with service conditions, 
which are amortized to compensation expense over the loan term. Additionally, expense estimates related to revenue-
based  earnout  arrangements  with  service  conditions  entered  into  as  part  of  our  acquisitions  are  amortized  to 
compensation expense over the service period.

The following table summarizes our future acquisition-related compensation expense for restricted stock and forgivable 
loans with service conditions, as well as expense estimates related to revenue-based earnout arrangements:

(Amounts in thousands)
2024

2025

2026

2027

Total

$ 

$ 

40,275 
21,910 

14,627 
9,366 

86,178 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, compensation and benefits expenses decreased 8.8 percent to $897.0 million 
from  $983.5  million  in  2022,  due  to  lower  revenues.  Compensation  and  benefits  expenses  as  a  percentage  of  net 
revenues  was  66.5  percent  in  2023,  compared  with  69.0  percent  in  2022.  Excluding  the  impact  of  noncontrolling 
interests, our compensation ratio decreased to 67.7 percent in 2023, compared with 68.9 percent in 2022, primarily due 
to a decline in acquisition-related compensation expenses.

Outside Services

Outside services expenses include securities processing expenses, outsourced technology functions, outside legal fees, 
fund  expenses  associated  with  our  consolidated  alternative  asset  management  funds  and  other  professional  fees. 
Outside  services  expenses  decreased  2.7  percent  to  $51.8  million  in  2023,  compared  with  $53.2  million  in  2022, 
primarily due to lower professional fees.

Occupancy and Equipment 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  occupancy  and  equipment  expenses  increased  slightly  to  $64.4  million, 
compared with $64.3 million in 2022.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  36

 
 
 
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Communications 

Communication  expenses  include  costs  for  telecommunication  and  data  communication,  primarily  consisting  of 
expenses  for  obtaining  third-party  market  data  information.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  communication 
expenses increased 4.3 percent to $52.7 million, compared with $50.6 million in 2022, primarily due to higher market 
data services expenses.

Marketing and Business Development 

Marketing  and  business  development  expenses  include  travel  and  entertainment  costs,  advertising  and  third-party 
marketing  fees.  In  2023,  marketing  and  business  development  expenses  decreased  11.9  percent  to  $37.7  million, 
compared  with  $42.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022. The  decrease  was  primarily  due  to  lower  travel 
expenses.

Deal-Related Expenses

Deal-related  expenses  include  costs  we  incurred  over  the  course  of  a  completed  investment  banking  deal,  which 
primarily consist of legal fees, offering expenses, and travel costs. For the year ended December 31, 2023, deal-related 
expenses were $28.2 million, compared with $31.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The amount of deal-
related expenses is principally dependent on the level and mix of deal activity and may vary from period to period as the 
recognition of deal-related costs typically coincides with the closing of a transaction.

Trade Execution and Clearance

For the year ended December 31, 2023, trade execution and clearance expenses decreased slightly to $20.0 million, 
compared with $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Restructuring and Integration Costs

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred restructuring and integration costs of $7.7 million. The expenses 
primarily  consisted  of  $6.7  million  of  severance  benefits  related  to  headcount  reductions  and  $0.9  million  for  vacated 
leased office space associated with our acquisitions of Cornerstone Macro and The Valence Group ("Valence").

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  we  incurred  acquisition-related  restructuring  and  integration  costs  of 
$11.4  million.  The  expenses  consisted  of  $5.2  million  of  transaction  costs  primarily  related  to  our  2022  acquisitions, 
$5.6  million  for  vacated  leased  office  space  associated  with  our  acquisitions  of  Valence  and  Cornerstone  Macro  and 
$0.6 million of severance benefits. 

Intangible Asset Amortization

Intangible asset amortization includes the amortization of definite-lived intangible assets. For the year ended December 
31,  2023,  intangible  asset  amortization  was  $19.4  million,  compared  with  $15.4  million  in  2022.  The  increase  was 
primarily due to higher intangible asset amortization expense associated with our acquisition of DBO Partners.

The following table summarizes the future aggregate amortization expense of our intangible assets with determinable 
lives:

(Amounts in thousands)
2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Thereafter

Total

$ 

9,445 

7,887 

7,253 

3,480 

2,191 

541 

$ 

30,797 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  37

 
 
 
 
 
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Other Operating Expenses

Other  operating  expenses  primarily  include  insurance  costs,  license  and  registration  fees,  expenses  related  to  our 
charitable  giving  program  and  litigation-related  expenses,  which  consist  of  the  amounts  we  accrue  for  and/or  pay  out 
related  to  legal  and  regulatory  matters.  Other  operating  expenses  were  $46.4  million  in  2023,  compared  with 
$18.0  million  in  2022.  The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  the  $20.0  million  we  accrued  for  estimated  civil  penalties 
related  to  our  potential  regulatory  settlements  with  the  SEC  and  CFTC  regarding  recordkeeping  requirements  for 
business-related  communications,  as  well  as  the  write-off  of  a  $7.5  million  uncollectible  receivable  in  our  municipal 
finance business.

Income Taxes

For the year ended December 31, 2023, our provision for income taxes was $23.6 million, which included $16.6 million 
of tax benefits related to stock-based compensation awards vesting at values greater than the grant price and accrued 
forfeitable dividends paid on vested restricted stock related to acquisitions. Excluding the impact of these benefits and 
noncontrolling interests, our effective tax rate was 36.8 percent. The effective tax rate was impacted by non-deductible 
expenses, including estimated civil penalties related to our potential regulatory settlements with the SEC and the CFTC 
regarding  recordkeeping  requirements  for  business-related  communications,  as  well  as  non-deductible  covered 
employee compensation expense.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our provision for income taxes was $33.2 million, which included a $5.6 million 
tax benefit related to stock-based compensation awards vesting at values greater than the grant price and a one-time 
tax benefit of $4.6 million related to the full reversal of our U.K. subsidiary's deferred tax valuation allowance, as a result 
of  improved  operating  results  in  the  U.K.  Excluding  the  impact  of  these  benefits  and  noncontrolling  interests,  our 
effective tax rate was 30.2 percent.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  38

Table of Contents

Financial Performance

Our activities as an investment bank and institutional securities firm constitute a single business segment.

Throughout this section, we have presented results on both a U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP basis. Management believes 
that  presenting  results  and  measures  on  an  adjusted,  non-GAAP  basis  in  conjunction  with  the  corresponding  U.S. 
GAAP  measures  provides  a  more  meaningful  basis  for  comparison  of  its  operating  results  and  underlying  trends 
between  periods,  and  enhances  the  overall  understanding  of  our  current  financial  performance  by  excluding  certain 
items that may not be indicative of our core operating results. The non-GAAP results should be considered in addition 
to, not as a substitute for, the results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. 

The  adjusted  financial  results  exclude  (1)  investment  (income)/loss  and  non-compensation  expenses  related  to 
noncontrolling  interests,  (2)  interest  expense  on  long-term  financing  from  net  revenues,  (3)  amortization  of  intangible 
assets related to acquisitions, (4) compensation and non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements, 
(5)  restructuring  and  integration  costs  related  to  acquisitions  and/or  headcount  reductions  and  (6)  non-compensation 
expenses  from  potential  regulatory  settlements.  For  U.S.  GAAP  purposes,  these  items  are  included  in  each  of  their 
respective line items on the consolidated statements of operations.

Adjusted  operating  income  and  adjusted  operating  margin  present  the  results  of  operations  excluding  the  impact 
resulting  from  the  consolidation  of  noncontrolling  interests  in  alternative  asset  management  funds.  Consolidation  of 
these funds results in the inclusion of the proportionate share of the income or loss attributable to the equity interests in 
consolidated  funds  that  are  not  attributable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  us  (i.e.,  noncontrolling  interests).  This 
proportionate  share  is  reflected  in  net  income/(loss)  attributable  to  noncontrolling  interests  in  the  accompanying 
consolidated statements of operations, and has no effect on our overall financial performance, as ultimately, this income 
or loss is not income or loss for us. Included in adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin is the actual 
proportionate share of the income or loss attributable to us as an investor in such funds. 

The  adjusted,  non-GAAP  financial  results  also  exclude  amortization  of  intangible  assets  and  compensation  and  non-
compensation  expenses  from  acquisition-related  agreements. These  amounts  are  excluded  on  a  non-GAAP  basis  as 
they represent expenses specifically related to acquisitions and therefore are not part of our ongoing operations. The 
restructuring  and  integration  costs  excluded  from  the  adjusted  financial  results  represent  charges  that  resulted  from 
severance benefits related to acquisitions or headcount reductions, as well as acquisition-related costs associated with 
contract termination, vacating redundant leased office space and professional fees related to the respective transaction. 
Excluding  these  restructuring  and  integration  costs  from  our  non-GAAP  financial  measures  provides  a  better 
understanding  of  our  core  non-compensation  expenses.  The  non-compensation  expenses  from  potential  regulatory 
settlements represent amounts accrued for estimated civil penalties with the SEC and CFTC regarding compliance with 
recordkeeping  requirements  for  business-related  communications,  and  the  related  outside  services  expenses. 
Excluding  these  non-compensation  expenses  from  potential  regulatory  settlements  from  our  non-GAAP  financial 
measures  provides  a  better  understanding  of  our  core  non-compensation  expenses.  Interest  expense  on  long-term 
financing  includes  interest  on  our  Class  B  unsecured  fixed  rate  senior  notes  ("Class  B  Notes"),  and  is  an  adjustment 
from  net  revenues  as  this  arrangement  was  used  to  fund  the  acquisition  of  SOP  Holdings,  LLC  and  its  subsidiaries, 
including Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. (collectively, "Sandler O'Neill"). Management believes that presenting adjusted 
financial results excluding the acquisition-related amounts provides clarity on the financial results generated by the core 
operating components of our business.

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The following table sets forth the adjusted, non-GAAP financial results and adjustments necessary to reconcile to our 
consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results for the periods presented: 

Year Ended December 31,

2023

Adjustments (1)

2022

Adjustments (1)

(Amounts in thousands)

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Revenues

Investment banking:

Advisory services

$  709,316  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  709,316  $  776,428  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  776,428 

Corporate financing  

131,077 

Municipal financing

83,419 

Total investment 

banking

923,812 

Institutional 
brokerage:

Equity brokerage

209,512 

Fixed income 

services

Total institutional 

brokerage

Interest income

Investment income/

(loss)

168,027 

377,539 

26,723 

7,123 

Total revenues

  1,335,197 

Interest expense

5,000 

Net revenues

  1,330,197 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

22,916 

22,916 

— 

22,916 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

131,077 

83,419 

125,342 

107,739 

923,812 

  1,009,509 

209,512 

210,314 

168,027 

194,953 

377,539 

405,267 

26,723 

20,365 

30,039 

1,552 

  1,358,113 

  1,436,693 

5,146 

10,146 

2,980 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,575) 

(1,575) 

— 

— 

— 

125,342 

107,739 

— 

  1,009,509 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

210,314 

194,953 

405,267 

20,365 

(23) 

  1,435,118 

6,500 

9,480 

(5,146) 

  1,347,967 

  1,433,713 

(1,575) 

(6,500) 

  1,425,638 

Total non-interest 

expenses

  1,117,254 

9,434 

98,693 

  1,225,381 

  1,164,560 

7,919 

118,790 

  1,291,269 

Pre-tax income

$  212,943  $ 

13,482  $ 

(103,839)  $  122,586  $  269,153  $ 

(9,494)  $ 

(125,290)  $  134,369 

Pre-tax margin

 16.0 %

 9.1 %

 18.8 %

 9.4 %

(1)    The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  adjustments  needed  to  reconcile  our  consolidated  U.S.  GAAP  financial  results  to  the  adjusted,  non-GAAP 

financial results: 

Noncontrolling interests – The impacts of consolidating noncontrolling interests in our alternative asset management funds are not included in our 
adjusted financial results. 

Other adjustments – The following items are not included in our adjusted financial results:

(Amounts in thousands)

Other adjustments

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

Interest expense on long-term financing

$ 

5,146  $ 

6,500 

Other adjustments to total non-interest expenses:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

Restructuring and integration costs

Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions

Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements

Non-compensation expenses from potential regulatory settlements

Total other adjustments to total non-interest expenses

51,058 

7,749 

19,440 

(1,102) 

21,548 

98,693 

87,525 

11,440 

15,375 

4,450 

— 

118,790 

Total other adjustments

$ 

103,839  $ 

125,290 

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Net  revenues  on  a  U.S.  GAAP  basis  were  $1.35  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  with 
$1.43 billion in the prior-year period. For the year ended December 31, 2023, adjusted net revenues were $1.33 billion, 
compared  with  $1.43  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022. The  variance  explanations  for  net  revenues  and 
adjusted net revenues are consistent on both a U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP basis unless stated otherwise.

The following table provides supplemental business information:

Advisory services

Completed M&A and restructuring transactions

Completed capital advisory transactions

Total completed advisory transactions

Corporate financings

Total equity transactions priced

Book run equity transactions priced

Total debt and preferred transactions priced
Book run debt and preferred transactions priced

Municipal negotiated issues

Aggregate par value of issues priced (in billions)

Total issues priced

Equity brokerage

Number of shares traded (in billions)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

213 

56 

269 

73 

65 

15 
7 

218 

84 

302 

55 

45 

30 
19 

$ 

12.4  $ 

413 

14.6 

570 

10.7 

11.0 

Investment banking revenues comprise all of the revenues generated through advisory services activities, which include 
M&A, equity and debt private placements, debt and restructuring advisory, and municipal financial advisory transactions. 
Collectively,  debt  advisory  transactions  and  equity  and  debt  private  placements  are  referred  to  as  capital  advisory 
transactions.  Investment  banking  revenues  also  include  equity  and  debt  corporate  financing  activities  and  municipal 
financings.

In 2023, investment banking revenues were $923.8 million, down 8.5 percent compared to $1.01 billion in the prior-year 
period.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  advisory  services  revenues  were  $709.3  million,  down  8.6  percent 
compared with $776.4 million in 2022, due to fewer completed transactions, offset in part by a higher average fee. Our 
advisory  services  activity  during  the  year  was  relatively  diverse  across  our  sectors  led  by  our  financial  services  and 
healthcare sectors with strong contributions from the energy & power and restructuring groups. The diversification of our 
sectors  and  products  provided  some  resiliency  to  our  results  despite  the  challenging  M&A  and  debt  markets  we 
experienced  during  most  of  the  year  driven  by  macroeconomic  uncertainty.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023, 
corporate financing revenues were $131.1 million, up 4.6 percent compared to $125.3 million in the prior-year period, 
driven by an increase in completed equity financings, which more than offset the decline in financial services debt and 
preferred transactions. Although our equity financings increased from the prior year driven by lower volatility levels and 
increased  investor  demand,  overall  market  activity  remains  below  historic  levels. Activity  for  us  during  the  year  was 
principally  in  the  healthcare  sector,  and  we  served  as  book  runner  on  45  of  46  completed  healthcare  equity  deals. 
Municipal financing revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $83.4 million, down 22.6 percent compared 
to  $107.7  million  in  the  year-ago  period,  driven  by  a  decline  in  municipal  negotiated  issuances.  Market  conditions 
remained  challenging  during  most  of  the  year  due  to  increased  interest  rates  and  volatility,  combined  with  weakened 
investor demand, which has reduced market issuances, particularly refinancing activity and high-yield issuances.

Institutional  brokerage  revenues  comprise  all  of  the  revenues  generated  through  trading  activities,  which  principally 
consist of facilitating customer trades, as well as fees received for our research services and corporate access offerings. 
Our results may vary from quarter to quarter as a result of changes in trading margins, trading gains and losses, net 
interest spreads, trading volumes and the timing of fees received for research services.

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For the year ended December 31, 2023, institutional brokerage revenues decreased to $377.5 million, compared with 
$405.3  million  in  the  prior-year  period.  In  2023,  equity  brokerage  revenues  were  $209.5  million,  essentially  flat 
compared with $210.3 million in 2022 as market share gains offset the decline in market volumes resulting from reduced 
market  volatility.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  fixed  income  services  revenues  were  $168.0  million,  down 
13.8  percent  compared  with  $195.0  million  in  the  prior-year  period,  due  to  a  decline  in  activity  among  our  depository 
clients.  The  market  conditions  for  fixed  income  remained  challenging  during  most  of  the  year  driven  by  interest  rate 
uncertainty and an increased focus to maintain higher levels of liquidity for depository institutions.

Interest  income  represents  amounts  earned  from  holding  long  inventory  positions  and  cash  balances.  For  the  year 
ended December 31, 2023, interest income increased to $26.7 million, compared with $20.4 million in 2022, reflecting 
higher interest rates on our long inventory and cash balances.

Investment  income/(loss)  includes  realized  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on  investments,  including  amounts 
attributable  to  noncontrolling  interests,  in  our  alternative  asset  management  funds,  as  well  as  management  and 
performance fees generated from those funds. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded investment income 
of  $30.0  million,  compared  to  an  investment  loss  of  $23  thousand  in  2022.  In  2023,  we  recorded  gains  on  our 
investments and the noncontrolling interests in the alternative asset management funds that we manage. Excluding the 
impact of noncontrolling interests, adjusted investment income was $7.1 million in 2023, compared with $1.6 million in 
2022.

Interest  expense  represents  amounts  associated  with  financing,  economically  hedging  and  holding  short  inventory 
positions, including interest paid on our short- and long-term financing arrangements, as well as commitment fees on 
our committed line and revolving credit facility. For the year ended December 31, 2023, interest expense increased to 
$10.1 million, compared with $9.5 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher interest rates on our short 
inventory balances, partially offset by lower interest paid on long-term financings. We repaid our $125 million of Class B 
Notes upon maturity on October 15, 2023. As a result, we do not currently incur interest expense on long-term financing 
arrangements.

Pre-tax margin for 2023 decreased to 9.1 percent, compared with 9.4 percent for 2022 due to lower net revenues and 
higher  non-compensation  expenses  related  to  potential  regulatory  settlements  with  the  SEC  and  the  CFTC  regarding 
recordkeeping requirements for business-related communications, offset in part by a lower compensation ratio. Adjusted 
pre-tax margin decreased to 16.0 percent in 2023, compared with 18.8 percent in 2022 resulting from lower adjusted net 
revenue and a higher adjusted compensation ratio. 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  42

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The following table sets forth the adjusted, non-GAAP financial results and adjustments necessary to reconcile to our 
consolidated U.S. GAAP financial results for the periods presented: 

Year Ended December 31,

2022

Adjustments (1)

2021

Adjustments (1)

(Amounts in thousands)

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Adjusted

Interests

Adjustments

GAAP

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Total

Noncontrolling

Other

U.S.

Revenues

Investment banking:

Advisory services

$  776,428  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  776,428  $ 1,026,138  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 1,026,138 

Corporate financing  

125,342 

Municipal financing

107,739 

Total investment 

banking

  1,009,509 

Institutional 
brokerage:

Equity brokerage

210,314 

Fixed income 

services

Total institutional 

brokerage

Interest income

Investment income/

(loss)

194,953 

405,267 

20,365 

1,552 

Total revenues

  1,436,693 

Interest expense

2,980 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,575) 

(1,575) 

— 

— 

— 

125,342 

107,739 

362,797 

164,284 

— 

  1,009,509 

  1,553,219 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

210,314 

154,067 

194,953 

233,510 

405,267 

387,577 

20,365 

6,967 

(23) 

34,982 

  1,435,118 

  1,982,745 

6,500 

9,480 

2,288 

Net revenues

  1,433,713 

(1,575) 

(6,500) 

  1,425,638 

  1,980,457 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

59,050 

59,050 

— 

59,050 

— 

— 

362,797 

164,284 

— 

  1,553,219 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

154,067 

233,510 

387,577 

6,967 

94,032 

  2,041,795 

8,446 

10,734 

(8,446) 

  2,031,061 

Total non-interest 

expenses

  1,164,560 

7,919 

118,790 

  1,291,269 

  1,430,505 

7,196 

151,848 

  1,589,549 

Pre-tax income

$  269,153  $ 

(9,494)  $ 

(125,290)  $  134,369  $  549,952  $ 

51,854  $ 

(160,294)  $  441,512 

Pre-tax margin

 18.8 %

 9.4 %

 27.8 %

 21.7 %

(1)    The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  adjustments  needed  to  reconcile  our  consolidated  U.S.  GAAP  financial  results  to  the  adjusted,  non-GAAP 

financial results: 

Noncontrolling interests – The impacts of consolidating noncontrolling interests in our alternative asset management funds are not included in our 
adjusted financial results. 

Other adjustments – The following items are not included in our adjusted financial results:

(Amounts in thousands)

Other adjustments

Year Ended December 31,

2022

2021

Interest expense on long-term financing

$ 

6,500  $ 

8,446 

Other adjustments to total non-interest expenses:

Compensation from acquisition-related agreements

Restructuring and integration costs

Amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions

Non-compensation expenses from acquisition-related agreements

Total other adjustments to total non-interest expenses

87,525 

11,440 

15,375 

4,450 

118,790 

116,795 

4,724 

30,080 

249 

151,848 

Total other adjustments

$ 

125,290  $ 

160,294 

Discussion of the year-over-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 can be found in "Management's Discussion and 
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023.

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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements are set forth in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, 
Item 8 of this Form 10-K, and are incorporated herein by reference.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our accounting and reporting policies comply with U.S. GAAP and conform to practices within the securities industry. 
The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  compliance  with  U.S.  GAAP  and  industry  practices  requires  us  to  make 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  could  materially  affect  amounts  reported  in  our  consolidated  financial  statements. 
Critical accounting policies are those policies that we believe to be the most important to the portrayal of our financial 
condition and results of operations and that require us to make estimates that are difficult, subjective or complex. Most 
accounting  policies  are  not  considered  by  us  to  be  critical  accounting  policies.  Several  factors  are  considered  in 
determining  whether  or  not  a  policy  is  critical,  including  whether  the  estimates  are  significant  to  the  consolidated 
financial statements taken as a whole, the nature of the estimates, the ability to readily validate the estimates with other 
information (e.g., third-party or independent sources), the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in economic conditions 
and whether alternative accounting methods may be used under U.S. GAAP.

For a full description of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included 
in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, the following are our critical 
accounting policies and estimates.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned, financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but 
not  yet  purchased,  and  investments  on  our  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  consist  of  financial 
instruments  recorded  at  fair  value,  as  required  by  accounting  guidance.  Unrealized  gains  and  losses  related  to  these 
financial instruments are reflected on our consolidated statements of operations.

The  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  is  the  amount  at  which  the  instrument  could  be  exchanged  in  an  orderly 
transaction  between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date  (i.e.,  the  exit  price).  Based  on  the  nature  of  our 
business and our role as a "dealer" in the securities industry or as a manager of alternative asset management funds, 
the fair values of our financial instruments are determined internally. See Note 2 and Note 6 to our consolidated financial 
statements for additional information on the valuation of our financial instruments and our fair value processes, including 
specific control processes to determine the reasonableness of the fair value of our financial instruments.

Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  820,  "Fair  Value 
Measurement," establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair 
value.  The  hierarchy  gives  the  highest  priority  to  unadjusted  quoted  prices  in  active  markets  for  identical  assets  or 
liabilities (i.e., Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to inputs with little or no pricing observability (i.e., Level III 
measurements). Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant 
to  the  fair  value  measurement.  Substantially  all  of  our  financial  instruments  categorized  as  Level  III  are  investments 
related  to  our  alternative  asset  management  funds. These  investments  in  private  companies  are  valued  based  on  an 
assessment of each underlying security, considering rounds of financing, the financial condition and operating results of 
the  private  company,  third-party  transactions  and  market-based  information,  including  comparable  company 
transactions, trading multiples (e.g., multiples of revenue and EBITDA), discounted cash flow analyses and changes in 
market outlook, among  other  factors. See Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of 
our assets and liabilities in the fair value hierarchy.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We record all assets acquired and liabilities assumed in acquisitions, including goodwill and other intangible assets, at 
fair  value.  Determining  the  fair  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  acquired  requires  certain  management  estimates.  At 
December 31, 2023, we had goodwill of $301.8 million and intangible assets of $116.2 million.

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We are required to perform impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually and on an interim 
basis when circumstances exist that could indicate possible impairment. We have elected to test goodwill for impairment 
in the fourth quarter of each calendar year. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it 
is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  is  less  than  its  carrying  amount.  If,  after  making  an 
assessment,  we  determine  it  is  not  more  likely  than  not  that  the  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit  is  less  than  its  carrying 
amount,  then  further  analysis  is  unnecessary.  However,  if  we  conclude  otherwise,  then  we  are  required  to  perform  a 
quantitative goodwill test, which requires management to make judgments in determining what assumptions to use in 
the calculation. The quantitative goodwill test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including 
allocated goodwill. An impairment is recognized for the excess amount of a reporting unit's carrying value over its fair 
value.  See  Note  2  and  Note  11  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  additional  information  on  our  impairment 
testing. 

The  initial  recognition  of  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  and  the  subsequent  quantitative  impairment  analysis 
involves significant judgment in determining the estimates of future cash flows, discount rates, economic forecast and 
other assumptions which are then used in acceptable valuation techniques, such as the market approach (e.g., earnings 
and/or  transaction  multiples)  and/or  the  income  approach  (e.g.,  discounted  cash  flow  method).  Changes  in  these 
estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value and any resulting impairment of goodwill. 
Our estimated cash flows, by their nature, are difficult to determine over an extended time period. Events and factors 
that  may  significantly  affect  the  estimates  include,  among  others,  competitive  forces  and  changes  in  revenue  growth 
trends,  cost  structures,  technology  and  market  conditions. To  assess  the  reasonableness  of  cash  flow  estimates  and 
validate assumptions used in our estimates, we review historical performance of the underlying assets or similar assets. 
In assessing the fair value of our reporting unit, the volatile nature of the securities markets and our industry requires us 
to consider the business and market cycle and assess the stage of the cycle in estimating the timing and extent of future 
cash flows. In addition to discounted cash flows, we consider earnings multiples of comparable public companies and 
multiples of recent M&A transactions of similar businesses in our subsequent impairment analysis. 

We  elected  to  perform  a  qualitative  assessment  to  test  goodwill  for  impairment.  The  following  relevant  events  and 
circumstances  were  evaluated  in  concluding  that  it  was  not  more  likely  than  not  that  goodwill  was  impaired: 
macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  market  considerations  and  the  overall  financial  performance  of  our  reporting 
unit. Our annual goodwill impairment testing, performed as of October 31, 2023, resulted in no impairment.

We also evaluated our indefinite-lived intangible assets and concluded there was no impairment in 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

As  part  of  our  compensation  to  employees  and  directors,  we  use  stock-based  compensation,  consisting  of  restricted 
stock,  restricted  stock  units  and  stock  options.  We  account  for  equity  awards  in  accordance  with  FASB  Accounting 
Standards Codification Topic 718, "Compensation–Stock Compensation," ("ASC 718"), which requires all share-based 
payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized on the consolidated statements 
of operations at grant date fair value. Compensation expense related to share-based awards that require future service 
are  amortized  over  the  service  period  of  the  award.  Forfeitures  of  awards  with  service  conditions  are  accounted  for 
when they occur. Share-based awards that do not require future service are recognized in the year in which the awards 
are deemed to be earned. 

See  Note  19  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  additional  information  about  our  stock-based  compensation 
plans.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  45

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Income Taxes

We  file  a  consolidated  U.S.  federal  income  tax  return,  which  includes  all  of  our  qualifying  subsidiaries.  We  also  are 
subject to income tax in various states and municipalities and those foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Amounts 
provided  for  income  taxes  are  based  on  income  reported  for  financial  statement  purposes  and  do  not  necessarily 
represent  amounts  currently  payable.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  expected  future  tax 
consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets 
and  liabilities  and  their  respective  tax  basis  and  for  tax  loss  carryforwards.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are 
measured  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary 
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax 
rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income taxes are provided for 
temporary  differences  in  reporting  certain  items,  principally  restricted  compensation  (i.e.,  restricted  stock,  restricted 
stock  units,  restricted  mutual  fund  shares,  and  deferred  compensation).  The  realization  of  deferred  tax  assets  is 
assessed  and  a  valuation  allowance  is  recognized  to  the  extent  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  any  portion  of  the 
deferred  tax  asset  will  not  be  realized.  We  believe  that  our  future  taxable  profits  will  be  sufficient  to  recognize  our 
deferred  tax  assets.  However,  if  our  projections  of  future  taxable  profits  do  not  materialize,  we  may  conclude  that  a 
valuation  allowance  is  necessary,  which  would  impact  our  results  of  operations  in  that  period.  In  the  fourth  quarter  of 
2022, we reversed the full amount of our U.K. subsidiary's deferred tax asset valuation allowance based upon improved 
operating results in  the  U.K. This resulted in a  $4.6 million tax benefit to our results of operations for the year ended 
December 31, 2022.

We record deferred tax benefits for future tax deductions expected upon the vesting of stock-based compensation. We 
recognize the income tax effects of stock-based compensation awards in the income statement when the awards vest. If 
deductions reported on our tax return for stock-based compensation (i.e., the value of the stock-based compensation at 
the  time  of  vesting)  exceed  the  cumulative  cost  of  those  instruments  recognized  for  financial  reporting  (i.e.,  the  grant 
date fair value of the compensation computed in accordance with ASC 718), we record the excess tax benefit as income 
tax  benefit.  Conversely,  if  deductions  reported  on  our  tax  return  for  stock-based  compensation  are  less  than  the 
cumulative  cost  of  those  instruments  recognized  for  financial  reporting,  the  deficiency  is  recorded  as  income  tax 
expense.  Additionally,  we  record  a  tax  benefit  related  to  accrued  forfeitable  dividends  paid  on  restricted  stock  upon 
vesting.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  we  recorded  $16.6  million  of  tax  benefits  related  to  stock-based 
compensation awards vesting at values greater than the grant date fair value and accrued forfeitable dividends paid on 
vested restricted stock related to acquisitions. As of February 20, 2024, approximately 726,000 shares have vested at 
share prices greater than the grant date fair values, resulting in an income tax benefit of $10.6 million recorded in the 
first quarter of 2024, including accrued forfeitable dividends paid on vested restricted stock related to acquisitions. 

We establish reserves for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 
Topic 740, "Income Taxes," when it is not more likely than not that a certain position or component of a position will be 
ultimately upheld by the relevant taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in evaluating uncertain tax positions. 
Our tax provision and related accruals include the impact of estimates for uncertain tax positions and changes to the 
reserves  that  are  considered  appropriate.  To  the  extent  the  probable  tax  outcome  of  these  matters  changes,  such 
change in estimate will impact the income tax provision in the period of change and, in turn, our results of operations. As 
of December 31, 2023, we have a $1.8 million liability recorded for uncertain state income tax positions.

LIQUIDITY, FUNDING AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We  regularly  monitor  our  liquidity  position,  which  is  of  critical  importance  to  our  business. Accordingly,  we  maintain  a 
liquidity strategy designed to enable our business to continue to operate even under adverse circumstances, although 
there  can  be  no  assurance  that  our  strategy  will  be  successful  under  all  circumstances.  Insufficient  liquidity  resulting 
from adverse circumstances contributes to, and may be the cause of, financial institution failure. 

The  majority  of  our  tangible  assets  consist  of  assets  readily  convertible  into  cash.  Financial  instruments  and  other 
inventory  positions  owned  are  stated  at  fair  value  and  are  generally  readily  marketable  in  most  market  conditions. 
Receivables and payables with brokers, dealers and clearing organizations usually settle within a few days. As part of 
our liquidity strategy, we emphasize diversification of funding sources to the extent possible while considering tenor and 
cost.  Our  assets  are  financed  by  our  cash  flows  from  operations,  equity  capital  and  our  funding  arrangements.  The 
fluctuations  in  cash  flows  from  financing  activities  are  directly  related  to  daily  operating  activities  from  our  various 
businesses. One of our most important risk management disciplines is our ability to manage the size and composition of 
our balance sheet. While our asset base changes due to client activity, market fluctuations and business opportunities, 
the  size  and  composition  of  our  balance  sheet  reflect  our  overall  risk  tolerance,  our  ability  to  access  stable  funding 
sources and the amount of equity capital we hold.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  46

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Certain  market  conditions  can  impact  the  liquidity  of  our  inventory  positions,  requiring  us  to  hold  larger  inventory 
positions for longer than expected or requiring us to take other actions that may adversely impact our results.

A  significant  component  of  our  employees'  compensation  is  paid  in  annual  discretionary  incentive  compensation. The 
timing of these incentive compensation payments, which is generally in February, has a significant impact on our cash 
position and liquidity.

Our dividend policy is intended to return between 30 percent and 50 percent of our fiscal year adjusted net income to 
shareholders.  Our  board  of  directors  determines  the  declaration  and  payment  of  dividends  and  is  free  to  change  our 
dividend policy at any time. Our board of directors declared the following dividends on shares of our common stock:

Declaration Date

Dividend Per Share

Record Date

Payment Date

Related to 2020:

February 4, 2021 (1)

$ 

Related to 2021:

February 4, 2021
April 30, 2021
July 30, 2021
October 29, 2021 (1)
October 29, 2021
February 10, 2022 (1)

Related to 2022:

February 10, 2022
April 29, 2022
July 29, 2022
October 28, 2022
February 3, 2023 (1)

Related to 2023:

February 3, 2023
May 2, 2023
July 28, 2023
October 27, 2023
February 2, 2024 (1)

Related to 2024:

February 2, 2024

(1) Represents a special cash dividend.

1.85 

0.40 
0.45 
0.55 
3.00 
0.55 
4.50 

0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
1.25 

0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
0.60 
1.00 

0.60 

March 3, 2021

March 12, 2021

March 3, 2021
May 28, 2021
August 27, 2021
November 23, 2021
November 23, 2021
March 2, 2022

March 2, 2022
May 27, 2022
August 26, 2022
November 23, 2022
March 3, 2023

March 3, 2023
May 26, 2023
August 25, 2023
November 21, 2023
March 4, 2024

March 12, 2021
June 11, 2021
September 10, 2021
December 10, 2021
December 10, 2021
March 11, 2022

March 11, 2022
June 10, 2022
September 9, 2022
December 9, 2022
March 17, 2023

March 17, 2023
June 9, 2023
September 8, 2023
December 8, 2023
March 15, 2024

March 4, 2024

March 15, 2024

Our board of directors has declared a special cash dividend on our common stock of $1.00 per share related to 2023 
adjusted net income. This special dividend will be paid on March 15, 2024, to shareholders of record as of the close of 
business  on  March  4,  2024.  Including  this  special  cash  dividend,  we  will  have  returned  $3.40  per  share,  or 
approximately 37 percent of our fiscal year 2023 adjusted net income to shareholders.

As part of our capital management strategy, we repurchase our common stock over time in order to offset the dilutive 
effect of our employee stock-based compensation awards and our grants of acquisition-related restricted stock, as well 
as to return capital to shareholders.

Effective  May  6,  2022,  our  board  of  directors  authorized  the  repurchase  of  up  to  $150.0  million  in  common  shares 
through  December  31,  2024.  In  2023,  we  did  not  repurchase  any  shares  of  our  common  stock  related  to  this 
authorization. At  December  31,  2023,  we  had  $138.2  million  remaining  under  this  authorization.  Effective  January  1, 
2022, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $150.0 million in common shares through December 31, 
2023, and we repurchased the full amount of this authorization during 2022.

We also purchase shares of common stock from restricted stock award recipients upon the award vesting as recipients 
sell shares to meet their employment tax obligations. During 2023, we purchased 494,555 shares of our common stock 
at an average price of $142.92 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $70.7 million for these purposes. 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Cash Flows 

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 were $383.1 million, an increase of $17.5 million from December 31, 
2022.  Operating  activities  provided  $275.6  million  of  cash,  primarily  driven  by  cash  generated  from  earnings  and  a 
decrease  in  operating  assets.  The  decrease  in  operating  assets  was  primarily  due  to  a  decline  in  receivables  from 
brokers, dealers and clearing organizations of $88.5 million, as well as a decrease in other assets of $28.8 million driven 
by  lower  fee  receivables.  In  2023,  investing  activities  used  $10.1  million  for  the  purchase  of  fixed  assets.  Cash  of 
$249.6 million was used in financing activities, as we repaid the $125 million of Class B Notes upon maturity on October 
15, 2023. In addition, we paid $84.4 million in dividends and repurchased $70.7 million of common stock during 2023.

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022 were $365.6 million, a decrease of $605.3 million from December 31, 
2021.  Operating  activities  used  $224.9  million  of  cash,  driven  by  a  decrease  in  operating  liabilities.  The  decrease  in 
operating  liabilities  was  primarily  due  to  a  decrease  in  accrued  compensation  of  $296.4  million,  the  result  of  lower 
compensation  costs  in  2022  from  decreased  revenues  and  operating  profits.  In  2022,  investing  activities  used 
$127.1  million,  of  which  $96.5  million  was  used  for  the  acquisitions  of  DBO  Partners,  Stamford  Partners  and 
Cornerstone Macro. We also used $30.6 million for the purchase of fixed assets. Cash of $250.1 million was used in 
financing  activities,  as  we  paid  $107.5  million  in  dividends  and  repurchased  $187.3  million  of  common  stock  during 
2022.

Leverage 

The following table presents total assets, adjusted assets, total shareholders' equity and tangible common shareholders' 
equity with the resulting leverage ratios:

(Dollars in thousands)
Total assets

Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets

Deduct: Right-of-use lease assets

Deduct: Assets from noncontrolling interests

Adjusted assets

Total shareholders' equity

Deduct: Goodwill and intangible assets

Deduct: Noncontrolling interests

Tangible common shareholders' equity

Leverage ratio (1)

Adjusted leverage ratio (2)

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

2,140,983  $ 

2,181,557 

(417,957)   

(436,788) 

(69,387)   

(87,730) 

(217,411)   

(201,541) 

$ 

1,436,228  $ 

1,455,498 

$ 

1,299,473  $ 

1,254,028 

(417,957)   

(213,975)   

(436,788) 

(199,955) 

$ 

667,541  $ 

617,285 

1.6 

2.2 

1.7 

2.4 

(1) Leverage ratio equals total assets divided by total shareholders' equity.

(2) Adjusted leverage ratio equals adjusted assets divided by tangible common shareholders' equity.

Adjusted assets and tangible common shareholders' equity are non-GAAP financial measures. Goodwill and intangible 
assets  are  subtracted  from  total  assets  and  total  shareholders'  equity  in  determining  adjusted  assets  and  tangible 
common shareholders' equity, respectively, as we believe that goodwill and intangible assets do not constitute operating 
assets  that  can  be  deployed  in  a  liquid  manner.  Right-of-use  lease  assets  are  also  subtracted  from  total  assets  in 
determining  adjusted  assets  as  these  are  not  operating  assets  that  can  be  deployed  in  a  liquid  manner.  Amounts 
attributable  to  noncontrolling  interests  are  subtracted  from  total  assets  and  total  shareholders'  equity  in  determining 
adjusted assets and tangible common shareholders' equity, respectively, as they represent assets and equity interests 
in consolidated entities that are not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to Piper Sandler Companies. We view the 
resulting measure of adjusted leverage, also a non-GAAP financial measure, as a more relevant measure of financial 
risk when comparing financial services companies.

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Funding and Capital Resources 

The primary goal of our funding activities is to ensure adequate funding over a wide range of market conditions. Given 
the  mix  of  our  business  activities,  funding  requirements  are  fulfilled  through  a  diversified  range  of  financing 
arrangements. We attempt to ensure that the tenor of our borrowing liabilities equals or exceeds the expected holding 
period of the assets being financed. Our ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of our ability to 
obtain  funding  from  external  sources.  Access  to  these  external  sources,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  that  financing,  is 
dependent  upon  various  factors,  including  market  conditions,  the  general  availability  of  credit  and  credit  ratings.  We 
currently do not have a credit rating, which could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive position by increasing our 
financing  costs  and  limiting  access  to  sources  of  liquidity  that  require  a  credit  rating  as  a  condition  to  providing  the 
funds.

Our day-to-day funding and liquidity is obtained primarily through the use of cash from our operating activities, as well 
as through the use of a clearing arrangement with Pershing, a clearing arrangement with bank financing, and a bank 
line  of  credit,  which  are  typically  collateralized  by  our  securities  inventory.  These  funding  sources  are  critical  to  our 
ability to finance and hold inventory, which is a necessary part of our institutional brokerage business. The majority of 
our  inventory  is  liquid  and  is  therefore  funded  by  short-term  facilities  or  cash  from  our  operating  activities.  Our 
committed  line  has  been  established  to  mitigate  changes  in  the  liquidity  of  our  inventory  based  on  changing  market 
conditions,  and  is  available  to  us  regardless  of  changes  in  market  liquidity  conditions  through  the  end  of  its  term, 
although there may be limitations on the type of securities available to pledge. Our funding sources are also dependent 
on  the  types  of  inventory  that  our  counterparties  are  willing  to  accept  as  collateral  and  the  number  of  counterparties 
available. Funding is generally obtained at rates based upon the federal funds rate.

Pershing Clearing Arrangement

We have established an arrangement to obtain financing from Pershing related to the majority of our trading activities. 
Under our fully disclosed clearing agreement, all of our securities inventories with the exception of convertible securities, 
and all of our customer activities are held by or cleared through Pershing. Financing under this arrangement is secured 
primarily by securities, and collateral limitations could reduce the amount of funding available under this arrangement. 
Our clearing arrangement activities are recorded net of trading activity and reported within receivables from or payables 
to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations. The funding is at the discretion of Pershing (i.e., uncommitted) and could 
be denied without a notice period. Our fully disclosed clearing agreement includes a covenant requiring Piper Sandler & 
Co., our U.S. broker dealer subsidiary, to maintain excess net capital of $120 million. At December 31, 2023, we had 
$0.2 million of financing outstanding under this arrangement. 

Clearing Arrangement with Bank Financing

We  have  established  a  financing  arrangement  with  a  U.S.  branch  of  Canadian  Imperial  Bank  of  Commerce  ("CIBC") 
related  to  our  convertible  securities  inventories.  Under  this  arrangement,  our  convertible  securities  inventories  are 
cleared through a broker dealer affiliate of CIBC and held by CIBC. We generally economically hedge changes in the 
market  value  of  our  convertible  securities  inventories  using  the  underlying  common  stock  or  the  stock  options  of  the 
underlying common stock. Financing under this arrangement is secured primarily by convertible securities and collateral 
limitations could reduce the amount of funding available. The funding is at the discretion of CIBC (i.e., uncommitted) and 
could be denied subject to a notice period. This arrangement is reported within receivables from or payables to brokers, 
dealers  and  clearing  organizations,  net  of  trading  activity. At  December  31,  2023,  we  had  $80.6  million  of  financing 
outstanding under this arrangement.

Revolving Credit Facility

We elected to increase our unsecured revolving credit facility with U.S. Bank N.A. from $75 million to $100 million in the 
fourth quarter of 2023. The credit agreement will terminate on December 18, 2026, unless otherwise terminated, and is 
subject  to  a  one-year  extension  exercisable  at  our  option.  This  credit  facility  has  been  in  place  since  2019  and  was 
renewed in the fourth quarter of 2023. At December 31, 2023, there were $30.0 million of advances against this credit 
facility. We repaid the outstanding balance on this credit facility in January 2024.

This credit facility includes customary events of default and covenants that, among other things, require Piper Sandler & 
Co.  to  maintain  a  minimum  regulatory  net  capital  of  $120  million,  limit  our  leverage  ratio,  require  maintenance  of  a 
minimum ratio of operating cash flow to fixed charges, and impose certain limitations on our ability to make acquisitions 
and make payments on our capital stock. At December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants.

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Committed Line

We elected to decrease our committed line from $80 million to $50 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Advances under 
this facility are secured by certain marketable securities. The facility includes a covenant that requires Piper Sandler & 
Co. to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, and the unpaid principal amount of all advances under 
the  facility  will  be  due  on  December  6,  2024.  This  credit  facility  has  been  in  place  since  2008  and  was  renewed  for 
another  one-year  term  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023. At  December  31,  2023,  we  had  no  advances  against  this  line  of 
credit.

The following tables present the average balances outstanding for our various funding sources by quarter for 2023 and 
2022:

(Amounts in millions)
Funding source

Average Balance for the Three Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023 Sept. 30, 2023 June 30, 2023 Mar. 31, 2023

Pershing clearing arrangement

Clearing arrangement with bank financing

Revolving credit facility

Total

$ 

$ 

27.5  $ 

7.1  $ 

26.8  $ 

43.5 

40.5 

96.1 

— 

99.6 

— 

111.5  $ 

103.2  $ 

126.4  $ 

8.5 

55.2 

— 

63.7 

(Amounts in millions)
Funding source

Average Balance for the Three Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022 Sept. 30, 2022 June 30, 2022 Mar. 31, 2022

Pershing clearing arrangement

Clearing arrangement with bank financing

Total

$ 

$ 

8.5  $ 

62.3 

38.8  $ 

69.0 

19.7  $ 

83.3 

70.8  $ 

107.8  $ 

103.0  $ 

3.8 

110.3 

114.1 

The average funding in the fourth quarter of 2023 increased to $111.5 million, compared with $70.8 million during the 
fourth quarter of 2022, as we borrowed on our revolving credit facility in the fourth quarter of 2023.

The following table presents the maximum daily funding amount by quarter for 2023 and 2022:

(Amounts in millions)
First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Long-Term Financing

2023

2022

$ 

146.6  $ 

370.1 

224.2 

550.8 

366.3 

409.5 

996.5 

246.2 

In  2019,  we  entered  into  unsecured  fixed  rate  senior  notes  with  certain  entities  advised  by  Pacific  Investment 
Management  Company  ("PIMCO").  The  Class  B  Notes  of  $125  million  were  repaid  in  full  on  the  October  15,  2023 
maturity date.

Given our level of capital and earnings, we did not enter into any new long-term financing arrangements.

Contractual Obligations 

In December 2022, we entered into a lease agreement for approximately 113,000 square feet of office space related to 
our  future  corporate  headquarters  location  in  Minneapolis,  Minnesota.  Our  contractual  rental  obligations  over  the  15-
year  lease  term  are  $53.1  million.  For  further  discussion  of  our  contractual  rental  obligations,  see  Note  15  to  our 
consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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Capital Requirements 

As a registered broker dealer and member firm of FINRA, Piper Sandler & Co. is subject to the uniform net capital rule 
of the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. We have elected to use the alternative method permitted by the uniform 
net capital rule which requires that we maintain minimum net capital of $1.0 million. Advances to affiliates, repayment of 
subordinated  liabilities,  dividend  payments  and  other  equity  withdrawals  are  subject  to  certain  approvals,  notifications 
and other provisions of the uniform net capital rules. We expect that these provisions will not impact our ability to meet 
current  and  future  obligations. At  December  31,  2023,  our  net  capital  under  the  SEC's  uniform  net  capital  rule  was 
$247.9 million, and exceeded the minimum net capital required under the SEC rule by $246.9 million. 

Although we operate with a level of net capital substantially greater than the minimum thresholds established by FINRA 
and  the  SEC,  a  substantial  reduction  of  our  capital  would  curtail  many  of  our  capital  markets  revenue  producing 
activities.

Our committed line and revolving credit facility include covenants requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain a minimum 
regulatory  net  capital  of  $120  million.  Our  fully  disclosed  clearing  agreement  with  Pershing  includes  a  covenant 
requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain excess net capital of $120 million.

At December 31, 2023, Piper Sandler Ltd., our broker dealer subsidiary registered in the U.K., was subject to, and was 
in compliance with, the capital requirements of the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority 
pursuant to the Financial Services Act of 2012. 

Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, which is subject to 
the  liquid  capital  requirements  of  the  Securities  and  Futures  (Financial  Resources)  Rule  promulgated  under  the 
Securities and Futures Ordinance. At December 31, 2023, Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited was in compliance with the 
liquid capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the ordinary course of business we enter into various types of off-balance sheet arrangements. The following table 
summarizes the notional contract value of our off-balance sheet arrangements for the periods presented:

Expiration Per Period at December 31,

Total Contractual Amount

(Amounts in thousands)

2024

2025

2026

Customer matched-book 

2027

- 2028

2029

- 2030

December 31, December 31,

Later

2023

2022

derivative contracts (1) (2) $  56,190  $ 

—  $ 

6,960  $  48,876  $  101,392  $ 1,143,506  $ 

1,356,924  $ 

1,354,881 

Trading securities 

derivative contracts (2)

  191,250 

Investment 

commitments (3)

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

5,000 

196,250 

134,750 

— 

95,142 

96,280 

(1) Consists  of  interest  rate  swaps.  We  have  minimal  market  risk  related  to  these  matched-book  derivative  contracts;  however,  we  do  have 
counterparty  risk  with  one  major  financial  institution,  which  is  mitigated  by  collateral  deposits.  In  addition,  we  have  a  limited  number  of 
counterparties (contractual amount of $150.2 million at December 31, 2023) who are not required to post collateral. The uncollateralized amounts, 
representing  the  fair  value  of  the  derivative  contracts,  expose  us  to  the  credit  risk  of  these  counterparties.  At  December  31,  2023,  we  had 
$6.7 million of credit exposure with these counterparties, including $5.8 million of credit exposure with one counterparty.

(2) We believe the fair value of these derivative contracts is a more relevant measure of the obligations because we believe the notional or contract 
amount  overstates  the  expected  payout.  At  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  net  fair  value  of  these  derivative  contracts  approximated 
$6.9 million and $7.8 million, respectively.

(3) The investment commitments have no specified call dates. The timing of capital calls is based on market conditions and investment opportunities. 

Derivatives

Derivatives'  notional  or  contract  amounts  are  not  reflected  as  assets  or  liabilities  on  our  consolidated  statements  of 
financial condition. Rather, the fair value of the derivative transactions are reported on the consolidated statements of 
financial  condition  as  assets  or  liabilities  in  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  and  financial 
instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, as applicable. For a discussion of our activities 
related to derivative products, see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 
10-K.

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Investment Commitments

We  have  investments,  including  those  made  as  part  of  our  alternative  asset  management  activities,  in  limited 
partnerships  or  limited  liability  companies  that  make  direct  or  indirect  equity  or  debt  investments  in  companies.  We 
commit  capital  and/or  act  as  the  managing  partner  of  these  entities.  We  have  committed  capital  of  $95.1  million  to 
certain  entities  and  these  commitments  generally  have  no  specified  call  dates.  For  additional  information  on  our 
activities related to these types of entities, see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 
of this Form 10-K. 

REPLACEMENT OF INTERBANK OFFERED RATES ("IBORs"), INCLUDING THE LONDON INTERBANK 
OFFERED RATE ("LIBOR")

Central  banks  and  regulators  in  a  number  of  major  jurisdictions  (e.g.,  U.S.,  U.K.,  European  Union,  Switzerland  and 
Japan) have implemented replacements for IBORs. Effective July 1, 2023 all LIBOR tenors have ceased publication.

The  replacement  of  LIBOR  did  not  impact  our  financing  arrangements,  as  each  arrangement  either  transitioned  to  a 
replacement rate prior to LIBOR ceasing publication, or included terms that identified a replacement rate (e.g., Secured 
Overnight Financing Rate) that became effective when LIBOR ceased publication.

Our limited number of contractual agreements that previously used LIBOR are principally within our customer matched-
book  derivatives  portfolio.  The  International  Swaps  and  Derivatives  Association  ("ISDA")  created  the  IBOR  Fallback 
Protocol to facilitate amending references to benchmark interest rates in derivative contracts governed by Master ISDA 
Agreements. If a benchmark interest rate is no longer published, it will "fall back" to a new benchmark interest rate in 
those contracts where both counterparties have agreed to adhere to the protocol. All of our clients had adhered to the 
protocol when LIBOR ceased publication. As a result, the transition from LIBOR to a replacement rate did not impact our 
operations.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Risk  is  an  inherent  part  of  our  business. The  principal  risks  we  face  in  operating  our  business  include:  strategic  risk, 
market  risk,  liquidity  risk,  credit  risk,  operational  risk,  human  capital  risk,  and  legal  and  regulatory  risk.  The  extent  to 
which we properly identify and effectively manage each of these risks is critical to our financial condition and profitability. 
We  have  a  formal  risk  management  process  to  identify,  assess  and  monitor  each  risk  and  mitigating  controls  in 
accordance  with  defined  policies  and  procedures.  The  risk  management  functions  are  independent  of  our  business 
lines.  Our  management  takes  an  active  role  in  the  risk  management  process,  and  the  results  are  reported  to  senior 
management and the board of directors. 

The  audit  committee  of  the  board  of  directors  oversees  management's  processes  for  identifying  and  evaluating  our 
major  risks,  and  the  policies,  procedures  and  practices  employed  by  management  to  govern  its  risk  assessment  and 
risk management processes. The nominating and governance committee of the board of directors oversees the board of 
directors'  committee  structures  and  functions  as  they  relate  to  the  various  committees'  responsibilities  with  respect  to 
oversight of our major risk exposures. With respect to these major risk exposures, the audit committee is responsible for 
overseeing management's monitoring and control of our major risk exposures relating to market risk, credit risk, liquidity 
risk,  legal  and  regulatory  risk,  operational  risk  (including  cybersecurity,  as  further  described  in  Part  I,  Item  1C  of  this 
Form 10-K), and human capital risk relating to misconduct, fraud, and legal and compliance matters. Our compensation 
committee is responsible for overseeing management's monitoring and control of our major risk exposures relating to 
compensation,  organizational  structure,  and  succession.  Our  board  of  directors  is  responsible  for  overseeing 
management's monitoring and control of our major risk exposures related to our corporate strategy. Our Chief Executive 
Officer and Chief Financial Officer meet with the audit committee on a quarterly basis to discuss our market, liquidity, 
and  legal  and  regulatory  risks,  and  provide  updates  to  the  board  of  directors,  audit  committee,  and  compensation 
committee concerning the other major risk exposures on a regular basis.

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We use internal committees to assist in governing risk and ensure that our business activities are properly assessed, 
monitored  and  managed.  Our  executive  financial  risk  committee  manages  our  market,  liquidity  and  credit  risks; 
oversees risk management practices related to these risks, including defining acceptable risk tolerances and approving 
risk management policies; and responds to market changes in a dynamic manner. Membership is comprised of senior 
leadership,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer,  President,  Chief  Financial  Officer,  Treasurer,  Head  of  Market  and 
Credit Risk, and Head of Fixed Income Trading and Risk. Other committees that help evaluate and monitor risk include 
underwriting,  leadership  team  and  operating  committees.  These  committees  help  manage  risk  by  ensuring  that 
business activities are properly managed and within a defined scope of activity. Our valuation committees, comprised of 
members  of  senior  management  and  risk  management,  provide  oversight  and  overall  responsibility  for  the  internal 
control  processes  and  procedures  related  to  fair  value  measurements.  Additionally,  our  operational  risk  committees 
address  and  monitor  risk  related  to  information  systems  and  security,  legal,  regulatory  and  compliance  matters,  and 
third parties such as vendors and service providers.

With  respect  to  market  risk  and  credit  risk,  the  cornerstone  of  our  risk  management  process  is  daily  communication 
among  traders,  trading  department  management  and  senior  management  concerning  our  inventory  positions  and 
overall  risk  profile.  Our  risk  management  functions  supplement  this  communication  process  by  providing  their 
independent  perspectives  on  our  market  and  credit  risk  profile  on  a  daily  basis.  The  broader  objectives  of  our  risk 
management functions are to understand the risk profile of each trading area, to consolidate risk monitoring company-
wide,  to  assist  in  implementing  effective  hedging  strategies,  to  articulate  large  trading  or  position  risks  to  senior 
management, and to ensure accurate fair values of our financial instruments.

Risk management techniques, processes and strategies may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all 
market  environments  or  against  all  types  of  risk,  and  any  risk  management  failures  could  expose  us  to  material 
unanticipated losses.

Strategic Risk 

Strategic  risk  represents  the  risk  associated  with  executive  management  failing  to  develop  and  execute  on  the 
appropriate  strategic  vision  which  demonstrates  a  commitment  to  our  culture,  leverages  our  core  competencies, 
appropriately responds to external factors in the marketplace, and is in the best interests of our clients, employees and 
shareholders.

Our  leadership  team  is  responsible  for  managing  our  strategic  risks.  The  board  of  directors  oversees  the  leadership 
team in setting and executing our strategic plan.

Market Risk

Market  risk  represents  the  risk  of  losses,  or  financial  volatility,  that  may  result  from  the  change  in  value  of  a  financial 
instrument due to fluctuations in its market price. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to our role as a financial 
intermediary for our clients and to our market-making activities. The scope of our market risk management policies and 
procedures includes all market-sensitive cash and derivative financial instruments.

Our different types of market risk include:

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk represents the potential volatility from changes in market interest rates. We are exposed to interest rate 
risk arising from changes in the level and volatility of interest rates, changes in the slope of the yield curve, changes in 
credit spreads, and the rate of prepayments on our interest-earning assets (e.g., inventories) and our funding sources 
(e.g., short-term financing) which finance these assets. Interest rate risk is managed by selling short U.S. government 
securities, agency securities, corporate debt securities and derivative contracts. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial 
statements  included  in  Part  II,  Item  8  of  this  Form  10-K  for  additional  information  on  our  derivative  contracts.  Our 
interest  rate  hedging  strategies  may  not  work  in  all  market  environments  and  as  a  result  may  not  be  effective  in 
mitigating interest rate risk. Also, we establish limits on our long fixed income securities inventory, monitor these limits 
on  a  daily  basis  and  manage  within  those  limits.  Our  limits  include  but  are  not  limited  to  the  following:  position  and 
concentration size, dollar duration (i.e., DV01), credit quality and aging.

We estimate that a parallel 50 basis point adverse change in the market would result in a decrease of approximately 
$0.3 million in the carrying value of our fixed income securities inventory as of December 31, 2023, including the effect 
of the hedging transactions.

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We  also  measure  and  monitor  the  aging  and  turnover  of  our  long  fixed  income  securities  inventory.  Turnover  is 
evaluated  based  on  a  five-day  average  by  category  of  security.  The  vast  majority  of  our  fixed  income  securities 
inventory generally turns over within three weeks. 

In  addition  to  the  measures  discussed  above,  we  monitor  and  manage  market  risk  exposure  through  evaluation  of 
spread DV01 and the MMD basis risk for municipal securities to movements in U.S. treasury securities. All metrics are 
aggregated  by  asset  concentration  and  are  used  for  monitoring  limits  and  exception  approvals.  In  times  of  market 
volatility, we may also perform ad hoc stress tests and scenario analysis as market conditions dictate.

Equity Price Risk

Equity price risk represents the potential loss in value due to adverse changes in the level or volatility of equity prices. 
We are exposed to equity price risk through our trading activities primarily in the U.S. market. We attempt to reduce the 
risk  of  loss  inherent  in  our  market-making  and  in  our  inventory  of  equity  securities  by  establishing  limits  on  our  long 
inventory, monitoring these limits on a daily basis, and by managing net position levels within those limits.

Foreign Exchange Risk

Foreign  exchange  risk  represents  the  potential  volatility  to  earnings  or  capital  arising  from  movement  in  foreign 
exchange rates. A modest portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and changes in 
foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar can therefore affect the value of non-U.S. dollar net assets, revenues 
and expenses. 

Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that we are unable to timely access necessary funding sources in order to operate our business, 
as well as the risk that we are unable to timely divest securities that we hold in connection with our market-making and 
sales and trading activities. We are exposed to liquidity risk in our day-to-day funding activities, by holding potentially 
illiquid inventory positions and in our role as a remarketing agent for variable rate demand notes. 

Our  inventory  positions  subject  us  to  potential  financial  losses  from  the  reduction  in  value  of  illiquid  positions.  Market 
risk  can  be  exacerbated  in  times  of  trading  illiquidity  when  market  participants  refrain  from  transacting  in  normal 
quantities  or  at  normal  bid-offer  spreads.  Depending  on  the  specific  security,  the  structure  of  the  financial  product,  or 
overall market conditions, we may be forced to hold a security for substantially longer than we had planned or forced to 
liquidate into a challenging market if funding becomes unavailable. 

See the section entitled "Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources" for information regarding our liquidity and how we 
manage liquidity risk.

Credit Risk 

Credit risk refers to the potential for loss due to the default or deterioration in credit quality of a counterparty, customer, 
borrower or issuer of securities we hold in our trading inventory. The nature and amount of credit risk depends on the 
type of transaction, the structure and duration of that transaction and the parties involved. Credit risk also results from 
an  obligor's  failure  to  meet  the  terms  of  any  contract  with  us  or  otherwise  fail  to  perform  as  agreed.  This  may  be 
reflected through issues such as settlement obligations or payment collections.

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A key tenet of our risk management procedures related to credit risk is the daily monitoring of the credit quality of our 
long  fixed  income  securities  inventory.  These  rating  trends  and  the  credit  quality  mix  are  regularly  reviewed  with  the 
executive financial risk committee. The following table summarizes the credit rating for our long corporate fixed income 
securities, taxable and tax-exempt municipal securities, and U.S. government and agency securities as a percentage of 
the total of these asset classes as of December 31, 2023:

Corporate fixed income securities
Taxable and tax-exempt municipal 
securities

U.S. government and agency securities

AAA

AA

A

BBB

BB

Not Rated

 — %

 — %

 — %

 — %

 — %

 — %

 20.8 

 — 

 28.0 

 22.3 

 22.6 

 — 

 1.5 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 4.4 

 0.4 

 20.8 %

 50.3 %

 22.6 %

 1.5 %

 — %

 4.8 %

Corporate fixed income securities represent less than 0.1% of the total of the asset classes above as of December 31, 
2023. Convertible and preferred securities are excluded from the table above as they are typically unrated. 

Our different types of credit risk include:

Credit Spread Risk

Credit spread risk arises from the possibility that changes in credit spreads will affect the value of financial instruments. 
Credit  spreads  represent  the  credit  risk  premiums  required  by  market  participants  for  a  given  credit  quality  (e.g.,  the 
additional yield that a debt instrument issued by a AA-rated entity must produce over a risk-free alternative). Changes in 
credit  spreads  result  from  potential  changes  in  an  issuer's  credit  rating  or  the  market's  perception  of  the  issuer's 
creditworthiness. We are exposed to credit spread risk with the debt instruments held in our trading inventory. We enter 
into  transactions  to  hedge  our  exposure  to  credit  spread  risk  with  derivatives  and  certain  other  financial  instruments. 
These  hedging  strategies  may  not  work  in  all  market  environments  and  as  a  result  may  not  be  effective  in  mitigating 
credit spread risk.

Deterioration/Default Risk

Deterioration/default risk represents the risk due to an issuer, counterparty or borrower failing to fulfill its obligations. We 
are exposed to deterioration/default risk in our role as a trading counterparty to dealers and customers, as a holder of 
securities, and as a member of exchanges. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness of the counterparty or 
issuer  of  the  security.  We  mitigate  this  risk  by  establishing  and  monitoring  individual  and  aggregate  position  limits  for 
each counterparty relative to potential levels of activity, holding and marking to market collateral on certain transactions. 
Our  risk  management  functions  also  evaluate  the  potential  risk  associated  with  institutional  counterparties  with  whom 
we  hold  derivatives,  TBAs  and  other  documented  institutional  counterparty  agreements  that  may  give  rise  to  credit 
exposure. 

Collections Risk

Collections  risk  arises  from  ineffective  management  and  monitoring  of  collecting  outstanding  debts  and  obligations, 
including  those  related  to  our  customer  trading  activities.  Our  client  activities  involve  the  execution,  settlement  and 
financing of various transactions. Client activities are transacted on a delivery versus payment, cash or margin basis. 
Our credit exposure to institutional client business is mitigated by the use of industry-standard delivery versus payment 
through  depositories  and  clearing  banks.  Our  risk  management  functions  have  credit  risk  policies  establishing 
appropriate credit limits and collateralization thresholds for our customers and counterparties.

Concentration Risk

Concentration  risk  is  the  risk  due  to  concentrated  exposure  to  a  particular  product;  individual  issuer,  borrower  or 
counterparty; financial instrument; or geographic area. We are subject to concentration risk if we hold large individual 
securities  positions,  execute  large  transactions  with  individual  counterparties  or  groups  of  related  counterparties,  or 
make substantial underwriting commitments. Potential concentration risk is monitored through review of counterparties 
and borrowers and is managed using policies and limits established by senior management. 

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We  have  concentrated  counterparty  credit  exposure  with  four  non-publicly  rated  entities  totaling  $6.7  million  at 
December  31,  2023. This  counterparty  credit  exposure  is  part  of  our  matched-book  derivative  program  related  to  our 
public  finance  business,  consisting  primarily  of  interest  rate  swaps.  One  derivative  counterparty  represented  87.5 
percent,  or  $5.8  million,  of  this  exposure.  Credit  exposure  associated  with  our  derivative  counterparties  is  driven  by 
uncollateralized market movements in the fair value of the interest rate swap contracts and is monitored regularly by our 
financial risk committee. We attempt to minimize the credit (or repayment) risk in derivative instruments by entering into 
transactions with high-quality counterparties that are reviewed periodically by senior management.

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of loss, or damage to our reputation, resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people 
and  systems  or  from  external  events.  We  rely  on  the  ability  of  our  employees  and  our  systems,  both  internal  and  at 
computer centers operated by third parties, to process a large number of transactions. Our systems may fail to operate 
properly  or  become  disabled  as  a  result  of  events  that  are  wholly  or  partially  beyond  our  control.  In  the  event  of  a 
breakdown or improper operation of our systems or improper action by our employees or third-party vendors, we could 
suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. We also face 
the risk of operational failure or termination of our relationship with any of the exchanges, fully disclosed clearing firms, 
or  other  financial  intermediaries  we  use  to  facilitate  our  securities  transactions. Any  such  failure  or  termination  could 
adversely affect our ability to effect transactions and manage our exposure to risk. 

Our operations rely on secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our internal 
and outsourced computer systems and networks. Our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to 
unauthorized  access,  computer  viruses  or  other  malicious  code,  internal  misconduct  or  inadvertent  errors  and  other 
events that could have an information security impact. The occurrence of one or more of these events could jeopardize 
our or our clients' or counterparties' confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, 
our  computer  systems  and  networks,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our,  our  clients',  our 
counterparties' or third parties' operations. We take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances 
warrant. A further discussion of our procedures for cybersecurity risk management is included in Part I, Item 1C of this 
Form 10-K.

In order to mitigate and control operational risk, we have developed and continue to enhance policies and procedures 
that are designed to identify and manage operational risk at appropriate levels throughout the organization. Important 
aspects  of  these  policies  and  procedures  include  segregation  of  duties,  management  oversight,  internal  control  over 
financial reporting and independent risk management activities within such functions as Risk Management, Compliance, 
Operations,  Internal  Audit,  Treasury,  Finance,  Information  Technology  and  Legal.  Internal  Audit  oversees,  monitors, 
evaluates, analyzes and reports on operational risk across the firm. We also have business continuity plans in place that 
we believe will cover critical processes on a company-wide basis, and redundancies are built into our systems as we 
have deemed appropriate. These control mechanisms attempt to ensure that operational policies and procedures are 
being followed and that our various businesses are operating within established corporate policies and limits.

We operate under a fully disclosed clearing model for all of our securities inventories with the exception of convertible 
securities, and for all of our client clearing activities. In a fully disclosed clearing model, we act as an introducing broker 
for  client  transactions  and  rely  on  Pershing,  our  clearing  broker  dealer,  to  facilitate  clearance  and  settlement  of  our 
clients' securities transactions. The clearing services provided by Pershing are critical to our business operations, and 
similar to other services performed by third-party vendors, any failure by Pershing with respect to the services we rely 
upon  Pershing  to  provide  could  cause  financial  loss,  significantly  disrupt  our  business,  damage  our  reputation,  and 
adversely affect our ability to serve our clients and manage our exposure to risk.

Human Capital Risk 

Our business is a human capital business and our success is dependent upon the skills, expertise and performance of 
our employees. Human capital risks represent the risks posed if we fail to attract and retain qualified individuals who are 
motivated  to  serve  the  best  interests  of  our  clients,  thereby  serving  the  best  interests  of  our  company. Attracting  and 
retaining  employees  depends,  among  other  things,  on  our  company's  culture,  management,  work  environment, 
geographic  locations  and  compensation.  There  are  risks  associated  with  the  proper  recruitment,  development  and 
rewards of our employees to ensure quality performance and retention.

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Legal and Regulatory Risk 

Legal and regulatory risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and loss 
to  our  reputation  we  may  suffer  as  a  result  of  failure  to  comply  with  laws,  regulations,  rules,  related  self-regulatory 
organization standards and codes of conduct applicable to our business activities. We are generally subject to extensive 
regulation  in  the  various  jurisdictions  in  which  we  conduct  our  business.  We  have  established  procedures  that  are 
reasonably  designed  to  achieve  compliance  with  applicable  statutory  and  regulatory  requirements,  such  as  public 
company  reporting  obligations,  regulatory  net  capital  requirements,  sales  and  trading  practices,  potential  conflicts  of 
interest,  anti-money  laundering,  privacy,  and  financial  and  electronic  recordkeeping.  We  have  also  established 
procedures  that  are  reasonably  designed  to  achieve  compliance  with  our  policies  relating  to  ethics  and  business 
conduct. The legal and regulatory focus on the financial services industry presents a continuing business challenge for 
us.

Our business also subjects us to the complex income tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we have business operations, 
and  these  tax  laws  may  be  subject  to  different  interpretations  by  the  taxpayer  and  the  relevant  governmental  taxing 
authorities.  We  must  make  judgments  and  interpretations  about  the  application  of  these  inherently  complex  tax  laws 
when determining the provision for income taxes.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

Because  our  assets  are  liquid  and  generally  short-term  in  nature,  they  are  not  significantly  affected  by  inflation. 
However,  the  rate  of  inflation  affects  our  expenses,  such  as  employee  compensation,  office  space  occupancy  costs, 
communications charges and travel costs, which may not be readily recoverable in the price of services we offer to our 
clients. To the extent inflation results in rising interest rates and has adverse effects upon the securities markets, it may 
adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market 
Risk.

The  information  under  the  caption  "Risk  Management"  in  Part  II,  Item  7  of  this  Form  10-K  entitled,  "Management's 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. 
Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting  principles. All  internal  control  systems,  no  matter  how  well  designed,  have  inherent  limitations. Therefore, 
even  those  systems  determined  to  be  effective  can  provide  only  reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial 
statement preparation and presentation.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In 
making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework). Based on its assessment 
and those criteria, management has concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as 
of December 31, 2023.

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements 
of Piper Sandler Companies included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. Their report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the 
effectiveness of Piper Sandler Companies' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, is included 
herein.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  58

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Piper Sandler Companies

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Piper Sandler Companies’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on 
criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of 
the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).  In  our  opinion,  Piper  Sandler  Companies  (the 
Company)  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31, 
2023, based on the COSO criteria.  

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States)  (PCAOB),  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2023  and 
2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and 
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and our report 
dated February 26, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s 
Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  Company’s 
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB 
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and 
the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB. Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was 
maintained in all material respects. 

Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  assessing  the  risk  that  a 
material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the 
assessed  risk,  and  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe 
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally  accepted  accounting  principles. A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are 
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely 
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on 
the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may 
deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 26, 2024 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  59

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Piper Sandler Companies

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  of  Piper  Sandler  Companies  (the 
Company)  as  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  comprehensive 
income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 
2023,  and  the  related  notes  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  “consolidated  financial  statements”).  In  our  opinion,  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  the  Company  at 
December  31,  2023  and  2022,  and  the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the 
period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria 
established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the 
Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework),  and  our  report  dated  February  26,  2024  expressed  an  unqualified  opinion 
thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the 
PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  that  respond  to 
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in 
the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements 
that  was  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that:  (1)  relates  to  accounts  or 
disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective  or 
complex  judgments.  The  communication  of  the  critical  audit  matter  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the 
consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, 
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  60

Description of 
the Matter

Valuation of Investments at Fair Value
At  December  31,  2023,  the  Company’s  investments  at  fair  value  totaled  $285.9  million,  primarily 
consisting of investments in private companies. These investments are held in consolidated alternative 
asset  management  funds,  which  include  $211.1  million  of  noncontrolling  interests  attributable  to 
unrelated third party ownership. Of the total investments at fair value, $224.3 million are categorized 
as Level III within the fair value hierarchy. As described in Notes 2 and 6 of the consolidated financial 
statements,  management  determines  the  fair  values  of  these  investments  internally  using  the  best 
information available. These investments in private companies are valued based on an assessment of 
each underlying security, considering rounds of financing, the financial condition and operating results 
of the private company, third party transactions and market-based information, including comparable 
company transactions, trading multiples (e.g., multiples of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, 
depreciation  and  amortization  (EBITDA)),  discounted  cash  flow  analyses  and  changes  in  market 
outlook, among other factors.

Auditing  the  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  investments  related  to  its  alternative  asset  management 
funds was complex, as the inputs and assumptions used by the Company are highly judgmental and 
could have a significant effect on the fair value measurements of such investments.

How We 
Addressed the 
Matter in Our 
Audit

We  obtained  an  understanding,  evaluated  the  design,  and  tested  the  operating  effectiveness  of 
controls over the Company’s investment valuation process. This included controls over management’s 
assessment of the valuation methodologies, the inputs and assumptions used in determining fair value 
measurements, and the valuation committees' reviews of investment valuations on a quarterly basis.

To test the valuation of the Company’s investments related to its alternative asset management funds, 
our  procedures  included,  among  others,  involving  internal  valuation  specialists  to  assist  in  our 
evaluation of the Company’s valuation methodologies, testing the significant inputs and assumptions 
used  by  the  Company  in  determining  the  fair  values,  and  testing  the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the 
Company’s  valuation  calculations.  For  example,  we  agreed  model  inputs  to  source  information 
including capital structure, investee-provided financial information or projections, and publicly available 
information  on  comparable  transactions  (e.g.,  transaction  multiples).  We  assessed  the  issuer’s 
financial projections by comparing them to historical performance, obtaining an understanding of key 
events impacting the issuer and performing sensitivity analyses as needed to evaluate the impact to 
fair  value  that  would  result  from  changes  in  these  projections. To  the  extent  available,  we  evaluated 
subsequent events and other information and considered whether it corroborated or contradicted the 
Company’s year-end valuations.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2003.

Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 26, 2024 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  61

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Piper Sandler Companies
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned:
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and pledged as 
collateral

Total financial instruments and other inventory positions owned

Investments (including noncontrolling interests of $211,096 and $200,687, 
respectively)
Fixed assets (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $91,378 and 
$75,759, respectively)
Right-of-use lease assets
Goodwill
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $150,487 and $131,047, 
respectively)
Net deferred income tax assets
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Short-term financing
Long-term financing
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations
Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased
Accrued compensation
Accrued lease liabilities
Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Shareholders' equity:

Common stock, $0.01 par value:

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

383,098  $ 
212,004 

365,624 
300,463 

341,780 

282,501 

92,777 
434,557 

57,478 
339,979 

298,048 

285,726 

60,770 
69,387 
301,760 

68,220 
87,730 
301,151 

116,197 
179,207 
85,955 
2,140,983  $ 

135,637 
191,002 
106,025 
2,181,557 

30,000  $ 
— 
979 
148,980 
486,145 
93,727 
81,679 
841,510 

— 
125,000 
4,622 
60,836 
565,738 
109,771 
61,562 
927,529 

$ 

$ 

Shares authorized: 100,000,000 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022;
Shares issued: 19,553,101 at December 31, 2023 and 19,544,507 at     
December 31, 2022;
Shares outstanding: 15,200,149 at December 31, 2023 and 13,673,064 at 
  December 31, 2022
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Less: Common stock held in treasury, at cost: 4,352,952 shares at December 31, 
2023 and 5,871,443 shares at December 31, 2022
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total common shareholders' equity

Noncontrolling interests
Total shareholders' equity

195 
988,136 
454,358 

(356,297)   
(894)   

1,085,498 
213,975 
1,299,473 

195 
1,044,719 
453,311 

(441,653) 
(2,499) 
1,054,073 
199,955 
1,254,028 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 

2,140,983  $ 

2,181,557 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Piper Sandler Companies  |  62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Piper Sandler Companies
Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues

Investment banking

Institutional brokerage

Interest income

Investment income/(loss)

Total revenues

Interest expense

Net revenues

Non-interest expenses

Compensation and benefits

Outside services

Occupancy and equipment

Communications
Marketing and business development

Deal-related expenses

Trade execution and clearance

Restructuring and integration costs

Intangible asset amortization

Other operating expenses

Total non-interest expenses

Income before income tax expense

Income tax expense

Net income

Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

923,812  $ 

1,009,509  $ 

1,553,219 

377,539 

26,723 

30,039 

405,267 

20,365 

(23)   

387,577 

6,967 

94,032 

1,358,113 

1,435,118 

2,041,795 

10,146 

9,480 

10,734 

1,347,967 

1,425,638 

2,031,061 

897,034 

983,524 

1,305,166 

51,754 

64,356 

52,718 

37,734 

28,189 

19,972 

7,749 

19,440 

46,435 

53,189 

64,252 

50,565 

42,849 

31,874 

20,185 

11,440 

15,375 

18,016 

45,942 

56,946 

44,008 

20,902 

42,921 

16,533 

4,724 

30,080 

22,327 

1,225,381 

1,291,269 

1,589,549 

122,586 

23,613 

98,973 

13,482 

134,369 

33,189 

101,180 

(9,494)   

441,512 

111,144 

330,368 

51,854 

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

85,491  $ 

110,674  $ 

278,514 

Earnings per common share

Basic
Diluted

Dividends declared per common share

$ 

$ 

$ 

5.72  $ 

4.96  $ 

7.92  $ 

6.52  $ 

19.52 

16.43 

3.65  $ 

6.90  $ 

6.80 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding

Basic

Diluted

14,958 

17,224 

13,982 

16,965 

14,265 

16,955 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Piper Sandler Companies  |  63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Piper Sandler Companies
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Amounts in thousands)
Net income

Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax — Foreign 
currency translation adjustment

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling 
interests

Comprehensive income attributable to Piper Sandler 
Companies

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

98,973  $ 

101,180  $ 

330,368 

1,605 

100,578 

(1,535)   

99,645 

(767) 

329,601 

13,482 

(9,494)   

51,854 

$ 

87,096  $ 

109,139  $ 

277,747 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Piper Sandler Companies  |  64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Piper Sandler Companies
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

Accumulated

Total

Common

Additional

Other

Common

Total

(Amounts in thousands,

Shares

Common

Paid-In

Retained

Treasury

Comprehensive Shareholders' Noncontrolling Shareholders'

 except share amounts)

Outstanding

Stock

Capital

Earnings

Stock

Loss

Equity

Interests

Equity

Balance at                          

December 31, 2020

Net income

Dividends

Amortization/issuance of 

restricted stock (1)

Repurchase of common 
stock through share 
repurchase program

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees

Shares reserved/issued for 

director compensation

Other comprehensive loss

Fund capital        

contributions, net

Balance at                           

December 31, 2021

Net income/(loss)

Dividends

Amortization/issuance of 

restricted stock (1)

Repurchase of common 
stock through share 
repurchase program

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees

Shares reserved/issued for 

director compensation

Other comprehensive loss

Fund capital               
contributions, net

Balance at                           

December 31, 2022

Net income

Dividends

Amortization/issuance of 

restricted stock (1)

Issuance of treasury 

shares for restricted 
stock vestings

Repurchase of common 
stock from employees

Shares reserved/issued for 

director compensation

Other comprehensive 

income

Fund capital        

contributions, net

Balance at                          

December 31, 2023

  13,776,025  $ 

195  $  847,785  $ 271,001  $ (289,359)  $ 

(197)  $ 

829,425  $ 

96,657  $ 

926,082 

— 

— 

— 

(417,903) 

918,024 

(154,117) 

7,490 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  278,514 

— 

(99,350) 

123,270 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(52,250) 

(46,687) 

— 

46,687 

— 

— 

(17,651) 

1,019 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(767) 

— 

278,514 

(99,350) 

123,270 

(52,250) 

— 

(17,651) 

1,019 

(767) 

51,854 

330,368 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(99,350) 

123,270 

(52,250) 

— 

(17,651) 

1,019 

(767) 

— 

16,134 

16,134 

  14,129,519  $ 

195  $  925,387  $ 450,165  $ (312,573)  $ 

(964)  $ 

1,062,210  $ 

164,645  $ 

1,226,855 

— 

— 

— 

(1,245,221) 

953,293 

(172,156) 

7,629 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  110,674 

— 

  (107,528) 

176,645 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  (161,811) 

(58,254) 

— 

58,254 

— 

941 

— 

— 

— 

(25,523) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,535) 

110,674 

(107,528) 

176,645 

(161,811) 

— 

(25,523) 

941 

(1,535) 

(9,494) 

101,180 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(107,528) 

176,645 

(161,811) 

— 

(25,523) 

941 

(1,535) 

— 

— 

44,804 

44,804 

  13,673,064  $ 

195  $ 1,044,719  $ 453,311  $ (441,653)  $ 

(2,499)  $ 

1,054,073  $ 

199,955  $ 

1,254,028 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  85,491 

— 

(84,444) 

98,285 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,013,046 

— 

(156,036) 

— 

  156,036 

(494,555) 

8,594 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(70,680) 

1,168 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,605 

— 

85,491 

(84,444) 

98,285 

— 

(70,680) 

1,168 

1,605 

— 

13,482 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

538 

98,973 

(84,444) 

98,285 

— 

(70,680) 

1,168 

1,605 

538 

  15,200,149  $ 

195  $  988,136  $ 454,358  $ (356,297)  $ 

(894)  $ 

1,085,498  $ 

213,975  $ 

1,299,473 

(1)

Includes amortization of restricted stock issued in conjunction with the Company's acquisitions.

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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Table of Contents

(Amounts in thousands)
Operating Activities

Net income

Piper Sandler Companies
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

98,973  $ 

101,180  $ 

330,368 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/
(used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets

Deferred income taxes

Stock-based compensation

Amortization of intangible assets

Amortization of forgivable loans

Decrease/(increase) in operating assets:

Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Net financial instruments and other inventory positions owned

Investments

Other assets
Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities:
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Accrued compensation

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities

Investing Activities

Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Purchases of fixed assets, net

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing Activities

Net change in short-term financing

Repayment of long-term financing

Payment of cash dividend

Increase in noncontrolling interests
Repurchase of common stock

17,932 

11,426 

93,768 

19,440 

10,816 

88,459 

(6,434)   

(12,322)   

28,756 

15,639 

(32,802)   

131,203 

15,375 

9,322 

(43,392)   

(58,859)   

(33,681)   

(5,216)   

(3,643)   

(8,625)   

(74,689)   

(296,369)   

3,147 

275,629 

(18,682)   

(224,907)   

12,630 

(53,981) 

171,447 

30,080 

9,505 

(32,639) 

30,238 

(68,866) 

(34,913) 

(5,344) 

330,883 

(12,321) 

707,087 

— 

(10,051)   

(10,051)   

(96,504)   

(30,600)   

(127,104)   

— 

(20,577) 

(20,577) 

30,000 
(125,000)   

(84,444)   

538 
(70,680)   

— 
— 

(107,528)   

44,804 
(187,334)   

— 
(70,000) 

(99,350) 

16,134 
(69,901) 

Net cash used in financing activities

(249,586)   

(250,058)   

(223,117) 

Currency adjustment:

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

1,482 

(3,272)   

(363) 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

17,474 

(605,341)   

463,030 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

365,624 

970,965 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$ 

383,098  $ 

365,624  $ 

507,935 

970,965 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

Cash paid during the year for:

Interest

Income taxes

$ 

$ 

10,163  $ 

19,446  $ 

9,481  $ 

10,777 

85,428  $ 

165,910 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Piper Sandler Companies  |  66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Index

Note 1

Note 2

Note 3

Note 4

Note 5

Note 6

Note 7

Note 8

Note 9

Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Organization and Basis of Presentation

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Acquisitions

Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions

Investments

Variable Interest Entities

Note 10

Fixed Assets

Note 11

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Note 12

Other Assets

Note 13

Short-Term Financing

Note 14

Long-Term Financing

Note 15

Leases

Note 16

Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees

Note 17

Shareholders' Equity

Note 18

Revenues and Business Information

Note 19

Compensation Plans

Note 20

Employee Benefit Plans

Note 21

Restructuring and Integration Costs

Note 22

Income Taxes

Note 23

Earnings Per Share

Note 24

Net Capital Requirements and Other Regulatory Matters

Note 25

Parent Company Only and PSLS

68

69

74

74

78

78

85

87

87

88

89

90

90

90

91

91

93

95

96

103

103

104

107

107

108

Piper Sandler Companies  |  67

Table of Contents

Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 1 | ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

Organization

Piper  Sandler  Companies  is  the  parent  company  of  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.,  a  securities  broker  dealer  and  investment 
banking  firm;  Piper  Sandler  Ltd.,  a  firm  providing  securities  brokerage  and  mergers  and  acquisitions  services  in  the 
United Kingdom ("U.K."); Piper Sandler Finance LLC, which facilitates corporate debt underwriting in conjunction with 
affiliated  credit  vehicles;  Piper  Sandler  Investment  Group  Inc.,  PSC  Capital  Management  LLC,  PSC  Capital 
Management II LLC and PSC Capital Management III LLC, entities providing alternative asset management services; 
Piper Sandler Loan Strategies, LLC ("PSLS"), which provides management services for primary and secondary market 
liquidity transactions of loan and servicing rights; Piper Sandler Hedging Services, LLC, an entity that assists clients with 
hedging  strategies;  Piper  Sandler  Financial  Products  Inc.  and  Piper  Sandler  Financial  Products  II  Inc.,  entities  that 
facilitate derivative transactions; and other immaterial subsidiaries.

Piper Sandler Companies and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") operate in one reporting segment providing 
investment banking services and institutional sales, trading and research services. Investment banking services include 
financial  advisory  services,  management  of  and  participation  in  underwritings,  and  municipal  financing  activities. 
Revenues  are  generated  through  the  receipt  of  advisory  and  financing  fees.  Institutional  sales,  trading  and  research 
services focus on the trading of equity and fixed income products with institutions, corporations, government and non-
profit  entities.  Revenues  are  generated  through  commissions  and  sales  credits  earned  on  equity  and  fixed  income 
institutional sales activities, net interest revenues on trading securities held in inventory, profits and losses from trading 
these  securities,  and  fees  for  research  services  and  corporate  access  offerings.  Also,  the  Company  has  created 
alternative asset management funds in merchant banking and healthcare in order to invest firm capital and to manage 
capital from outside  investors. The Company records gains and losses from investments in these funds and  receives 
management and performance fees.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally 
accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and include the accounts of Piper Sandler Companies, its wholly owned 
subsidiaries,  and  all  other  entities  in  which  the  Company  has  a  controlling  financial  interest.  Noncontrolling  interests 
represent equity interests in consolidated entities that are not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to Piper Sandler 
Companies.  Noncontrolling  interests  include  the  minority  equity  holders'  proportionate  share  of  the  equity  in  the 
Company's alternative asset management funds. All material intercompany balances have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial 
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates 
and assumptions are based on the best information available, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  68

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 2 | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

Principles of Consolidation

The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it 
has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") or 
a voting interest entity.

VIEs are entities in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities 
independently or (ii) the at-risk equity holders do not have the normal characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A 
controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has one or more variable interests that have both (i) 
the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the 
obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to 
the VIE. The enterprise with a controlling financial interest is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE.

Voting  interest  entities  lack  one  or  more  of  the  characteristics  of  a  VIE. The  usual  condition  for  a  controlling  financial 
interest is ownership of a majority voting interest for a corporation or a majority of kick-out or participating rights for a 
limited partnership.

When the Company  does  not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but exerts significant influence  over the 
entity's  operating  and  financial  policies,  the  Company's  investment  is  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method  of 
accounting. If the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in, or exert significant influence over, an entity, 
the Company accounts for its investment at fair value, if the fair value option was elected, or at cost.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of 
origination.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, 
but  not  yet  purchased  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition  consist  of  financial  instruments  (including 
securities  with  extended  settlements  and  derivative  contracts)  recorded  at  fair  value.  Unrealized  gains  and  losses 
related to these financial instruments are reflected on the consolidated statements of operations. Securities (both long 
and  short),  including  securities  with  extended  settlements,  are  recognized  on  a  trade-date  basis.  Additionally,  the 
Company's investments on the consolidated statements of financial condition are principally recorded at fair value.

Fair Value Measurement – Definition and Hierarchy

Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  820,  "Fair  Value 
Measurement," ("ASC 820") defines fair value as the amount at which an instrument could be exchanged in an orderly 
transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). ASC 820 establishes a fair value 
hierarchy  based  on  the  inputs  used  to  measure  fair  value. The  fair  value  hierarchy  maximizes  the  use  of  observable 
inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. 
Observable  inputs  are  inputs  that  market  participants  would  use  in  pricing  the  asset  or  liability  based  on  market  data 
obtained  from  independent  sources.  Unobservable  inputs  reflect  management's  assumptions  that  market  participants 
would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The 
hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

Level I – Quoted prices (unadjusted) are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the report 
date.  A  quoted  price  for  an  identical  asset  or  liability  in  an  active  market  provides  the  most  reliable  fair  value 
measurement because it is directly observable to the market. 

Level  II  –  Pricing  inputs  are  other  than  quoted  prices  in  active  markets,  which  are  either  directly  or  indirectly 
observable  as  of  the  report  date.  The  nature  of  these  financial  instruments  include  instruments  for  which  quoted 
prices are available but traded less frequently, instruments whose fair value has been derived using a model where 
inputs  to  the  model  are  directly  observable  in  the  market,  or  can  be  derived  principally  from  or  corroborated  by 
observable market data, and instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of 
which can be directly observed. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Level III – Instruments that have little to no pricing observability as of the report date. These financial instruments 
are measured using management's best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value 
require significant management judgment or estimation. 

Valuation of Financial Instruments 

Based on the nature of the Company's business and its role as a "dealer" in the securities industry or as a manager of 
alternative  asset  management  funds,  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  are  determined  internally.  When 
available,  the  Company  values  financial  instruments  at  observable  market  prices,  observable  market  parameters,  or 
broker  or  dealer  prices  (i.e.,  bid  and  ask  prices).  In  the  case  of  financial  instruments  transacted  on  recognized 
exchanges, the observable market prices represent quotations for completed transactions from the exchange on which 
the financial instrument is principally traded.

A substantial percentage of the fair value of the Company's financial instruments and other inventory positions owned 
and  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  sold,  but  not  yet  purchased,  is  based  on  observable  market 
prices,  observable  market  parameters,  or  derived  from  broker  or  dealer  prices.  The  availability  of  observable  market 
prices and pricing parameters can vary from product to product. Where available, observable market prices and pricing 
or  market  parameters  in  a  product  may  be  used  to  derive  a  price  without  requiring  significant  judgment.  In  certain 
markets, observable market prices or market parameters are not available for all products, and fair value is determined 
using techniques appropriate for each particular product. These techniques involve some degree of judgment. Results 
from  valuation  models  and  other  techniques  in  one  period  may  not  be  indicative  of  future  period  fair  value 
measurement.

For investments in illiquid or privately held securities that do not have readily determinable fair values, the determination 
of fair value requires the Company to estimate the value of the securities using the best information available. Among 
the factors considered by the Company in determining the fair value of such financial instruments are the cost, terms 
and  liquidity  of  the  investment,  the  financial  condition  and  operating  results  of  the  issuer,  the  quoted  market  price  of 
publicly  traded  securities  with  similar  quality  and  yield,  and  other  factors  generally  pertinent  to  the  valuation  of 
investments.  In  addition,  even  where  the  Company  derives  the  value  of  a  security  based  on  information  from  an 
independent  source,  certain  assumptions  may  be  required  to  determine  the  security's  fair  value.  For  instance,  the 
Company assumes that the size of positions in securities that it holds would not be large enough to affect the quoted 
price of the securities if the Company sells them, and that any such sale would happen in an orderly manner. The actual 
value realized upon disposition could be different from the currently estimated fair value.

Investments

The Company's investments include equity investments in private companies and partnerships, as well as mutual funds 
held  by  the  grantor  trust  for  the  Company's  nonqualified  deferred  compensation  plan.  Equity  investments  in  private 
companies and mutual funds held by the grantor trust are accounted for at fair value. Investments in partnerships are 
accounted for under the equity method, which is generally the net asset value.

Fixed Assets

Fixed  assets  include  furniture  and  equipment,  software,  and  leasehold  improvements.  Furniture  and  equipment  and 
software  are  depreciated  using  the  straight-line  method  over  estimated  useful  lives  of  three  to  ten  years.  Leasehold 
improvements are amortized over ten years or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Leases

A lease is a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for 
a  period  of  time  in  exchange  for  consideration.  In  making  this  determination,  the  Company  considers  if  it  obtains 
substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the underlying asset and directs how and for what purpose the 
asset is used during the term of the contract.

The Company leases its corporate headquarters and other offices under various non-cancelable leases, all of which are 
operating  leases.  In  addition  to  rent,  the  leases  require  payment  of  real  estate  taxes,  insurance  and  common  area 
maintenance. Some of the leases contain renewal and/or termination options, escalation clauses, rent-free holidays and 
operating cost adjustments. The original terms of the Company's lease agreements generally range up to 12 years.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  Company  recognizes  a  right-of-use  ("ROU")  lease  asset  and  lease  liability  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial  condition  for  all  leases  with  a  term  greater  than  12  months.  The  lease  liability  represents  the  Company’s 
obligation  to  make  future  lease  payments  and  is  recorded  at  an  amount  equal  to  the  present  value  of  the  remaining 
lease payments due over the lease term. The ROU lease asset, which represents the right to use the underlying asset 
during the lease term, is measured based on the carrying value of the lease liability, adjusted for other items, such as 
lease incentives and uneven rent payments. 

The  discount  rate  used  to  determine  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease  payments  reflects  the  Company’s 
incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a 
similar term in a similar economic environment. In calculating its discount rates, the Company takes into consideration 
financing arrangements that are on a secured (i.e., collateralized) basis, as well as market interest rates and spreads, 
other  reference  points,  and  the  respective  tenors  of  the  Company’s  designated  lease  term  ranges.  The  Company 
applies the portfolio approach in determining the discount rates for its leases.

For leases that contain escalation clauses or rent-free holidays, the Company recognizes the related rent expense on a 
straight-line basis from the date the Company takes possession of the property to the end of the initial lease term. The 
Company records any difference between the straight-line rent expense and amounts paid under the leases as part of 
the amortization of the ROU lease asset.

Cash  or  lease  incentives  received  upon  entering  into  certain  leases  are  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  as  a 
reduction of rent expense from the date the Company takes possession of the property or receives the cash to the end 
of  the  initial  lease  term.  Lease  incentives,  which  initially  reduce  the  ROU  lease  asset,  are  a  component  of  the 
amortization of the ROU lease asset.

Rent expense for leases with a term of 12 months or less is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the 
consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the fair value of the consideration transferred in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at 
the  acquisition  date.  The  Company  tests  goodwill  and  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  for  impairment  on  an  annual 
basis and on an interim basis when circumstances exist that could indicate possible impairment. The Company tests for 
impairment  at  the  reporting  unit  level,  which  is  generally  one  level  below  its  operating  segment.  The  Company  has 
identified one reporting unit. When testing for impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors 
to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, 
after making an assessment, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit 
is less than its carrying amount, then further analysis is unnecessary. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, 
then the Company is required to perform a quantitative goodwill test, which requires management to make judgments in 
determining  what  assumptions  to  use  in  the  calculation. The  quantitative  goodwill  test  compares  the  fair  value  of  the 
reporting unit to its carrying value, including allocated goodwill. An impairment is recognized for the excess amount of a 
reporting  unit's  carrying  value  over  its  fair  value.  The  estimated  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  is  derived  based  on 
valuation  techniques  that  a  market  participant  would  use. The  Company  estimates  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit 
using the income approach (e.g., discounted cash flow method) and market approach (e.g., earnings and/or transaction 
multiples).

At December 31, 2023, intangible assets with determinable lives consisted of customer relationships that are amortized 
over their original estimated useful lives ranging from two to eight years. The pattern of amortization reflects the timing 
of  the  realization  of  the  economic  benefits  of  such  intangible  assets.  The  Sandler  trade  name  is  an  indefinite-lived 
intangible asset, which is not amortized and is evaluated for impairment annually, at a minimum, or on an interim basis if 
events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount.

Other Assets

Other assets include receivables and prepaid expenses. Receivables primarily include fee receivables and loans made 
to  employees,  typically  in  connection  with  their  recruitment.  Employee  loans  are  forgiven  based  on  continued 
employment  and  are  amortized  to  compensation  and  benefits  expense  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the 
respective terms of the loans, which generally range from one to five years.

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Contingencies

Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company is involved in various pending and potential legal proceedings related to its business, including litigation, 
arbitration and regulatory proceedings. The Company establishes accruals for potential losses to the extent that claims 
are probable of loss and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The determination of the outcome and 
accrual amounts requires significant judgment on the part of the Company's management.

Revenue Recognition

Investment Banking

Investment  banking  revenues,  which  include  advisory  and  underwriting  fees,  are  recorded  when  the  performance 
obligation  for  the  transaction  is  satisfied  under  the  terms  of  each  engagement.  Expenses  associated  with  such 
transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded. Investment 
banking revenues are presented gross of related client reimbursed deal expenses. Expenses for completed deals are 
reported  separately  in  deal-related  expenses  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Expenses  related  to 
investment  banking  deals  not  completed  are  recognized  as  non-interest  expenses  in  their  respective  category  on  the 
consolidated statements of operations. 

The Company's advisory fees generally consist of a nonrefundable up-front fee and a success fee. The nonrefundable 
fee is recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt and recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is 
satisfied, or when the transaction is deemed by management to be terminated. Management's judgment is required in 
determining  when  a  transaction  is  considered  to  be  terminated.  Certain  engagements,  such  as  restructuring  advisory 
fees, consist of services provided on an ongoing basis, and are recognized over time as the performance obligation is 
satisfied. 

The  substantial  majority  of  the  Company's  advisory  and  underwriting  fees  (i.e.,  the  success-related  advisory  fee)  is 
considered  variable  consideration  and  recognized  when  it  is  probable  that  the  variable  consideration  will  not  be 
reversed  in  a  future  period.  The  variable  consideration  is  considered  to  be  constrained  until  satisfaction  of  the 
performance obligation. The Company's performance obligation is generally satisfied at a point in time upon the closing 
of a strategic transaction, completion of a financing or underwriting arrangement, or some other defined outcome (e.g., 
providing  a  fairness  opinion).  At  this  time,  the  Company  has  transferred  control  of  the  promised  service  and  the 
customer  obtains  control.  As  these  arrangements  represent  a  single  performance  obligation,  allocation  of  the 
transaction  price  is  not  necessary.  The  Company  has  elected  to  apply  the  following  optional  exemptions  regarding 
disclosure of its remaining performance obligations: (i) the Company's performance obligation is part of a contract that 
has  an  original  expected  duration  of  one  year  or  less  and/or  (ii)  the  variable  consideration  is  allocated  entirely  to  a 
wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation. 

Institutional Brokerage

Institutional  brokerage  revenues  include  (i)  commissions  received  from  customers  for  the  execution  of  brokerage 
transactions  in  listed  and  over-the-counter  ("OTC")  equity,  fixed  income  and  convertible  debt  securities,  which  are 
recognized at a point in time on the trade date because the customer has obtained the rights to the underlying security 
provided by the trade execution service, (ii) trading gains and losses, recorded based on changes in the fair value of 
long and short security positions in the reporting period, (iii) fees earned by PSLS related to the brokering of loans and 
servicing rights in market liquidity transactions, which are recognized at a point in time on the trade date, and (iv) fees 
received  by  the  Company  for  research  services  and  corporate  access  offerings.  The  Company  permits  institutional 
customers to allocate a portion of their gross commissions to pay for research products and other services provided by 
third parties. The amounts allocated for those purposes are commonly referred to as commission share agreements or 
"soft dollar" arrangements. As the Company is not acting as a principal in satisfying the performance obligation for these 
arrangements, expenses relating to soft dollars are netted against commission revenues and included in other liabilities 
and accrued expenses on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Interest Revenue and Expense

The Company nets interest expense within net revenues to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on the 
Company's  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  The  Company  recognizes  contractual  interest  on  financial 
instruments  owned  and  financial  instruments  sold,  but  not  yet  purchased  (excluding  derivative  instruments)  on  an 
accrual basis as a component of interest revenue and expense. The Company accounts for interest related to its short-
term and long-term financing arrangements on an accrual basis with related interest recorded as interest expense. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Investment Income/(Loss)

Investment income/(loss) includes realized and unrealized gains and losses from the Company's investments, as well 
as management and performance fees generated from the Company’s alternative asset management funds.

The  performance  obligation  related  to  the  transfer  of  management  and  investment  advisory  services  is  satisfied  over 
time  and  the  related  management  fees  are  recognized  under  the  output  method,  which  reflects  the  fees  that  the 
Company has a right to invoice based on the services provided during the period. Fees are defined as a percentage of 
committed  and/or  invested  capital.  Amounts  related  to  remaining  performance  obligations  are  not  disclosed  as  the 
Company applies the output method.

Performance  fees,  if  earned,  are  recognized  when  it  is  probable  that  such  revenue  will  not  be  reversed  in  a  future 
period. Management will consider such factors as the remaining assets and residual life of the fund to conclude whether 
it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur in the future. 

See Note 18 for revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major business activity.

Stock-Based Compensation

FASB Accounting  Standards  Codification Topic 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation," ("ASC 718") requires  all 
stock-based compensation to be expensed on the consolidated statements of operations based on the grant date fair 
value  of  the  award.  Compensation  expense  related  to  stock-based  awards  that  do  not  require  future  service  are 
recognized in the year in which the awards were deemed to be earned. Stock-based awards that require future service 
are  amortized  over  the  relevant  service  period.  Forfeitures  of  awards  with  service  conditions  are  accounted  for  when 
they occur. See Note 19 for additional information on the Company's accounting for stock-based compensation.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated United States ("U.S.") federal income tax return, which includes all of its qualifying 
subsidiaries.  The  Company  is  also  subject  to  income  tax  in  various  states  and  municipalities  and  those  foreign 
jurisdictions in which it operates. Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets 
and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  expected  future  tax  consequences  attributable  to  temporary  differences  between 
amounts reported for income tax purposes and financial statement purposes, using enacted tax rates expected to apply 
to  taxable  income  in  the  years  in  which  those  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The 
realization of deferred tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recognized to the extent that it is more likely 
than  not  that  any  portion  of  a  deferred  tax  asset  will  not  be  realized.  Tax  reserves  for  uncertain  tax  positions  are 
recorded in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740").

Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies by the 
weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  for  the  period.  Diluted  earnings  per  common  share  is 
calculated by adjusting the weighted average outstanding shares to assume conversion of all potentially dilutive stock 
options, restricted stock units and restricted shares. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate diluted 
earnings per common share. See Note 23 for additional information on the Company's calculation of EPS.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company consolidates foreign subsidiaries which have designated their local currency as their functional currency. 
Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated at period-end rates of exchange. The gains or losses 
resulting  from  translating  foreign  currency  financial  statements  are  included  in  other  comprehensive  income/(loss). 
Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 3 | RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 

Future Adoption of New Applicable Accounting Standards

Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, "Improvements to Reportable 
Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"). This guidance improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily 
through  enhanced  disclosures  about  significant  segment  expenses.  ASU  2023-07  is  effective  for  annual  periods 
beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early 
adoption  is  permitted.  The  Company  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  of  ASU  2023-07  on  its  financial  statement 
disclosures.

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"). 
This guidance enhances the annual income tax disclosure requirements by requiring disaggregated information related 
to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid, as well as other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is 
effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2024,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  Company  is 
currently assessing the impact of ASU 2023-09 on its financial statement disclosures.

NOTE 4 | ACQUISITIONS 

The  following  acquisitions  were  accounted  for  pursuant  to  FASB  Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  805, 
"Business Combinations." Accordingly, the purchase price of each acquisition was allocated to the acquired assets and 
liabilities  assumed  based  on  their  estimated  fair  values  as  of  the  respective  acquisition  dates.  The  excess  of  the 
purchase price over the net assets acquired was allocated between goodwill and intangible assets. The fair value of the 
retention-related restricted stock was determined using the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of 
the respective acquisition.

DBO Partners Holding LLC

On  October  7,  2022,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  DBO  Partners  Holding  LLC,  including  its  subsidiary, 
DBO Partners LLC (collectively, "DBO Partners"), a technology investment banking firm. The acquisition expanded the 
scale of the Company's technology sector and added general partner advisory services.

The  purchase  price  of  $66.3  million  consisted  of  cash  consideration  of  $64.6  million  and  contingent  consideration  of 
$1.7 million, as detailed in the net assets acquired table below. As part of the acquisition, the Company granted 368,957 
restricted  shares  valued  at  $39.9  million  on  the  acquisition  date. The  restricted  shares  are  subject  to  graded  vesting, 
beginning on the second anniversary of the acquisition date, so long as the applicable employee remains continuously 
employed  by  the  Company  for  such  period.  Compensation  expense  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the 
requisite  service  period  of  five  years.  As  discussed  in  Note  19,  the  Company  also  entered  into  acquisition-related 
compensation  arrangements  with  certain  employees  of  $17.4  million  in  restricted  stock  for  retention  purposes. These 
restricted  shares  are  subject  to  ratable  vesting  and  employees  must  fulfill  service  requirements  in  exchange  for  the 
rights  to  the  restricted  shares.  Compensation  expense  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service 
period  (a  weighted  average  service  period  of  4.9  years). As  both  restricted  share  grants  compensate  employees  for 
future services, the value of the shares was not part of the purchase price.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Additional cash of up to $25.0 million may be earned (the "DBO Earnout") if a net revenue target is achieved during the 
performance  period  from  January  1,  2023  to  December  31,  2024.  Of  the  total  amount,  up  to  $20.0  million  may  be 
earned  by  former  partners  with  no  service  requirements.  The  Company  recorded  a  $1.7  million  liability  as  of  the 
acquisition  date  for  the  fair  value  of  this  contingent  consideration,  which  was  included  in  the  purchase  price. 
Adjustments to this liability after the acquisition date are recorded as non-compensation expense on the consolidated 
statements of operations. As of December 31, 2023, the Company does not expect the portion of the DBO Earnout with 
no  service  requirements  will  be  earned. As  a  result,  the  Company  recorded  a $1.7  million  reversal  of  other  operating 
expenses  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  related  to  this  additional  cash  payment. The  remaining  $5.0  million 
may be earned by certain employees, whom are now employees of the Company, in exchange for service requirements. 
As  this  amount  compensates  employees  for  future  services,  the  value  was  not  part  of  the  purchase  price. Amounts 
estimated  to  be  payable,  if  any,  will  be  recorded  as  compensation  expense  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations over the requisite service period. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has no accrual recorded for the 
portion of the DBO Earnout with service requirements. If earned, the DBO Earnout will be paid by March 31, 2025.

The Company recorded $57.3  million  of goodwill on the consolidated statements of financial condition, all of which is 
expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the  reputation 
and  operating  expertise  of  DBO  Partners.  Identifiable  intangible  assets  purchased  by  the  Company  consisted  of 
customer relationships with an acquisition-date fair value of $10.4 million.

Transaction costs of $1.5 million were incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022, and are included in restructuring 
and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the 
acquisition, including measurement period adjustments:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Fixed assets

Right-of-use lease assets

Goodwill

Intangible assets

Other assets

Total assets acquired

Liabilities

Accrued compensation

Accrued lease liabilities

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities assumed

$ 

575 

1,353 

3,760 

57,337 

10,390 

414 

73,829 

1,167 

3,760 

2,603 
7,530 

Net assets acquired

$ 

66,299 

Stamford Partners LLP ("Stamford Partners")

On June 10, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Stamford Partners, a specialist investment bank offering 
mergers  and  acquisitions  advisory  services  to  European  food  and  beverage  and  related  consumer  sectors.  The 
acquisition  expanded  the  Company's  presence  in  Europe.  The  purchase  price  consisted  of  cash  consideration,  and 
restricted stock was granted for retention purposes.

The Company recorded $7.3 million of goodwill on the consolidated statements of financial condition, none of which is 
expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the  reputation 
and  operating  expertise  of  Stamford  Partners.  Identifiable  intangible  assets  purchased  by  the  Company  consisted  of 
customer relationships with an acquisition-date fair value of $1.8 million.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Cornerstone Macro Research LP

On  February  4,  2022,  the  Company  completed  the  acquisition  of  Cornerstone  Macro  Research  LP,  including  its 
subsidiary,  Cornerstone  Macro  LLC  (collectively,  "Cornerstone  Macro"),  a  research  firm  focused  on  providing  macro 
research  and  equity  derivatives  trading  to  institutional  investors.  The  acquisition  added  a  macro  research  team  and 
increased the scale of the Company's equity brokerage operations.

The  purchase  price  of  $34.1  million  consisted  of  cash  consideration  of  $32.5  million  and  contingent  consideration  of 
$1.6 million, as detailed in the net assets acquired table below. As part of the acquisition, the Company granted 64,077 
restricted shares valued at $9.7 million on the acquisition date. The restricted shares are subject to graded vesting on 
the  fourth  and  fifth  anniversaries  of  the  acquisition  date,  so  long  as  the  applicable  employee  remains  continuously 
employed by the Company for the respective vesting period. As these shares contain service conditions, the value of 
the  shares  was  not  part  of  the  purchase  price.  Compensation  expense  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the 
requisite service period of five years.

The Company also entered into acquisition-related compensation arrangements with certain employees of $10.7 million, 
which  consisted  of  restricted  stock  ($7.5  million)  and  forgivable  loans  ($3.2  million),  for  retention  purposes.  As 
employees must fulfill service requirements in exchange for the rights to the restricted shares, compensation expense is 
amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period  (a  weighted  average  service  period  of  3.4  years). 
See Note 19 for further discussion. The loans will be forgiven, so long as the applicable employee remains continuously 
employed for the loan term. Compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis over the respective loan term 
(a weighted average period of 3.6 years).

Additional cash of up to $27.8 million may be earned if a net revenue target is achieved during the performance period 
from July 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. Of the total amount, up to $6.0 million may be earned by Cornerstone Macro's 
equity owners with no service requirements. The Company recorded a $1.6 million liability as of the acquisition date for 
the fair value of this contingent consideration, which was included in the purchase price. Adjustments to this liability after 
the  acquisition  date  are  recorded  as  non-compensation  expense  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations. As  of 
December  31,  2023,  the  Company  has  accrued  the  maximum  amount  of  $6.0  million  related  to  this  additional  cash 
payment, which will be paid by March 31, 2024. The Company recorded $4.4 million in other operating expenses related 
to this additional cash payment for the year ended December 31, 2022. The remaining amount may be earned by the 
equity  owners,  whom  are  now  employees  of  the  Company,  and  certain  employees  in  exchange  for  service 
requirements. As this amount compensates employees for future services, the value was not part of the purchase price. 
Amounts estimated to be payable, if any, will be recorded as compensation expense on the consolidated statements of 
operations over the requisite service period, and will be paid by June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2026. As of December 31, 
2023, the Company has accrued $1.9 million related to this additional cash payment. Compensation expense related to 
this additional cash payment was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.9 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022.

The  Company  recorded  $9.6  million  of  goodwill  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  condition,  all  of  which  is 
expected  to  be  deductible  for  income  tax  purposes.  In  management's  opinion,  the  goodwill  represents  the  reputation 
and  operating  expertise  of  Cornerstone  Macro.  Identifiable  intangible  assets  purchased  by  the  Company  consisted  of 
customer relationships with an acquisition-date fair value of $19.0 million. 

Transaction  costs  of  $1.1  million  and  $0.5  million  were  incurred  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively, and are included in restructuring and integration costs on the consolidated statements of operations.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the 
acquisition, including measurement period adjustments:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Fixed assets

Right-of-use lease assets

Goodwill

Intangible assets

Other assets

Total assets acquired

Liabilities

Accrued compensation

Accrued lease liabilities

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities assumed

$ 

6,885 

2,941 

286 

7,026 

9,574 

19,000 

4,451 

50,163 

4,672 

7,026 

4,401 
16,099 

Net assets acquired

$ 

34,064 

Pro Forma Financial Information

The  results  of  operations  of  DBO  Partners,  Stamford  Partners  and  Cornerstone  Macro  have  been  included  in  the 
Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  prospectively  beginning  on  the  respective  acquisition  dates.  The 
acquisitions have been fully integrated with the Company's existing operations. Accordingly, post-acquisition revenues 
and net income are not discernible. The following unaudited pro forma financial data is presented on a combined basis 
and  includes  DBO  Partners  and  Cornerstone  Macro.  Pro  forma  financial  information  for  Stamford  Partners  is  not 
presented as the acquisition is not material.

Based on the respective acquisition dates, the unaudited pro forma financial data assumes that the DBO Partners and 
Cornerstone Macro acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2020. Pro forma results have been prepared by adjusting 
the Company's historical results to include the results of operations of DBO Partners and Cornerstone Macro adjusted 
for the following significant changes: amortization expense was adjusted to account for the acquisition-date fair value of 
intangible assets; compensation and benefits expenses were adjusted to reflect the restricted stock issued as part of the 
respective acquisition, the restricted stock and forgivable loans issued for retention purposes, the earnouts with service 
conditions,  and  the  cost  that  would  have  been  incurred  had  certain  employees  been  included  in  the  Company's 
employee compensation arrangements; and the income tax effect of applying the Company's statutory tax rates to the 
results  of  operations  of  the  respective  acquisitions.  The  Company's  consolidated  unaudited  pro  forma  information 
presented  does  not  necessarily  reflect  the  results  of  operations  that  would  have  resulted  had  the  acquisitions  been 
completed  at  the  beginning  of  the  applicable  period  presented,  does  not  contemplate  client  account  overlap  and 
anticipated  operational  efficiencies  of  the  combined  entities,  nor  does  it  indicate  the  results  of  operations  in  future 
periods.

(Amounts in thousands)
Net revenues

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

Year Ended December 31,

2022

2021

$ 

1,493,620  $ 

2,136,637 

109,043 

276,178 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 5 | RECEIVABLES FROM AND PAYABLES TO BROKERS, DEALERS AND CLEARING 
ORGANIZATIONS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Receivable from clearing organizations

Receivable from brokers and dealers

Other

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

199,143  $ 

285,957 

9,176 

3,685 

10,942 

3,564 

Total receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

$ 

212,004  $ 

300,463 

Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

Payable to brokers and dealers

Total payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

$ 

$ 

979  $ 

979  $ 

4,622 

4,622 

Under the Company's fully disclosed clearing agreement, all of its securities inventories with the exception of convertible 
securities, and all of its customer activities are held by or cleared through Pershing LLC ("Pershing"). The Company has 
established  an  arrangement  to  obtain  financing  from  Pershing  related  to  the  majority  of  its  trading  activities.  The 
Company also has a clearing arrangement with bank financing related to its convertible securities inventories. Financing 
under  these  arrangements  is  secured  primarily  by  securities,  and  collateral  limitations  could  reduce  the  amount  of 
funding  available  under  these  arrangements.  The  funding  is  at  their  discretion  and  could  be  denied.  The  Company's 
clearing arrangement activities are recorded net of trading activity. The Company's fully disclosed clearing agreement 
includes a covenant requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain excess net capital of $120 million.

NOTE 6 | FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Based on the nature of the Company's business and its role as a "dealer" in the securities industry or as a manager of 
alternative  asset  management  funds,  the  fair  values  of  its  financial  instruments  are  determined  internally.  The 
Company's processes are designed to ensure that the fair values used for financial reporting are based on observable 
inputs  wherever  possible.  In  the  event  that  observable  inputs  are  not  available,  unobservable  inputs  are  developed 
based on an evaluation of all relevant empirical market data, including prices evidenced by market transactions, interest 
rates, credit spreads, volatilities and correlations and other security-specific information. Valuation adjustments related 
to illiquidity or counterparty credit risk are also considered. In estimating fair value, the Company may utilize information 
provided by third-party pricing vendors to corroborate internally-developed fair value estimates.

The  Company  employs  specific  control  processes  to  determine  the  reasonableness  of  the  fair  value  of  its  financial 
instruments. The Company's processes are designed to ensure that the internally-estimated fair values are accurately 
recorded and that the data inputs and the valuation techniques used are appropriate, consistently applied, and that the 
assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value. Individuals outside of the trading 
departments perform independent pricing verification reviews as of each reporting date. The Company has established 
parameters  which  set  forth  when  the  fair  value  of  securities  is  independently  verified.  The  selection  parameters  are 
generally based upon the type of security, the level of estimation risk of a security, the materiality of the security to the 
Company's consolidated financial statements, changes in fair value from period to period, and other specific facts and 
circumstances of the Company's securities portfolio. In evaluating the initial internally-estimated fair values made by the 
Company's traders, the nature and complexity of securities involved (e.g., term, coupon, collateral, and other key drivers 
of  value),  level  of  market  activity  for  securities,  and  availability  of  market  data  are  considered. The  independent  price 
verification procedures include, but are not limited to, analysis of trade data (both internal and external where available), 
corroboration  to  the  valuation  of  positions  with  similar  characteristics,  risks  and  components,  or  comparison  to  an 
alternative pricing source, such as a discounted cash flow model. The Company's valuation committees, comprised of 
members  of  senior  management  and  risk  management,  provide  oversight  and  overall  responsibility  for  the  internal 
control processes and procedures related to fair value measurements.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value.

Cash Equivalents

Cash  equivalents  include  highly  liquid  investments  with  original  maturities  of  90  days  or  less. Actively  traded  money 
market funds are measured at their net asset value and classified as Level I.

Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions

The  Company  records  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  and  financial  instruments  and  other 
inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial condition with 
unrealized gains and losses reflected on the consolidated statements of operations.

Equity Securities

Exchange traded equity securities are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange for identical assets or liabilities 
as of the period-end date. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are not applied, 
they are categorized as Level I.

Convertible Securities

Convertible securities are valued based on observable trades, when available, and therefore are generally categorized 
as Level II. 

Corporate Fixed Income Securities

Fixed income securities include corporate bonds which are valued based on recently executed market transactions of 
comparable  size,  internally-developed  fair  value  estimates  based  on  observable  inputs,  or  broker  quotations. 
Accordingly, these corporate bonds are categorized as Level II.

Taxable Municipal Securities

Taxable  municipal  securities  are  valued  using  recently  executed  observable  trades  or  market  price  quotations  and 
therefore are generally categorized as Level II.

Tax-Exempt Municipal Securities

Tax-exempt municipal securities are valued using recently executed observable trades or market price quotations and 
therefore are generally categorized as Level II. Certain illiquid tax-exempt municipal securities are valued using market 
data  for  comparable  securities  (e.g.,  maturity  and  sector)  and  management  judgment  to  infer  an  appropriate  current 
yield or other model-based valuation techniques deemed appropriate by management based on the specific nature of 
the individual security and therefore are categorized as Level III.

Short-Term Municipal Securities

Short-term municipal securities include variable rate demand notes and other short-term municipal securities. Variable 
rate demand notes and other short-term municipal securities are valued using recently executed observable trades or 
market price quotations and therefore are generally categorized as Level II. 

Asset-Backed Securities

Asset-backed  securities  are  valued  using  recently  executed  observable  trades,  when  available,  and  therefore  are 
generally categorized as Level II. Certain asset-backed securities are valued using models where inputs to the model 
are  directly  observable  in  the  market,  or  can  be  derived  principally  from  or  corroborated  by  observable  market  data. 
Accordingly, these asset-backed securities are categorized as Level II.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

U.S. Government Agency Securities

U.S. government agency securities include agency debt bonds and mortgage bonds. Agency debt bonds are valued by 
using  either  direct  price  quotes  or  price  quotes  for  comparable  bond  securities  and  are  categorized  as  Level  II. 
Mortgage  bonds  include  bonds  secured  by  mortgages,  mortgage  pass-through  securities,  agency  collateralized 
mortgage-obligation  ("CMO")  securities  and  agency  interest-only  securities.  Mortgage  pass-through  securities,  CMO 
securities and interest-only securities are valued using recently executed observable trades or other observable inputs, 
such  as  prepayment  speeds  and  therefore  are  generally  categorized  as  Level  II.  Mortgage  bonds  are  valued  using 
observable  market  inputs,  such  as  market  yields  on  spreads  over  U.S.  treasury  securities,  or  models  based  upon 
prepayment expectations. These securities are categorized as Level II.

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. government securities include highly liquid U.S. treasury securities which are generally valued using quoted market 
prices and therefore are categorized as Level I. The Company does not transact in securities of countries other than the 
U.S. government.

Derivative Contracts

Derivative contracts include interest rate swaps, interest rate locks, and U.S. treasury bond futures. These instruments 
derive their value from underlying assets, reference rates, indices or a combination of these factors. The majority of the 
Company's interest rate derivative contracts, including both interest rate swaps and interest rate locks, are valued using 
market standard pricing models based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows. The valuation models 
used do not involve material subjectivity as the methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the pricing inputs 
are  market  observable,  including  contractual  terms,  yield  curves  and  measures  of  volatility.  These  instruments  are 
classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy. Certain interest rate locks transact in less active markets and are 
valued using valuation models that include the previously mentioned observable inputs and certain unobservable inputs 
that  require  significant  judgment,  such  as  the  premium  over  the  Municipal  Market  Data  ("MMD")  curve.  These 
instruments are classified as Level III. 

Investments

The Company's investments valued at fair value include equity investments in private companies and mutual funds held 
by  a  grantor  trust  for  the  Company's  nonqualified  deferred  compensation  plan.  Investments  in  private  companies  are 
valued based on an assessment of each underlying security, considering rounds of financing, the financial condition and 
operating results of the private company, third-party transactions and market-based information, including comparable 
company transactions, trading multiples (e.g., multiples of revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and 
amortization ("EBITDA")), discounted cash flow analyses and changes in market outlook, among other factors. These 
securities are categorized based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Certain 
underlying securities, as well as investments in mutual funds, are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange for 
identical assets as of the period-end date. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments 
are  not  applied,  they  are  categorized  as  Level  I.  See  Note  19  to  our  consolidated  financial  statements  for  additional 
information about the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  summarizes  the  valuation  of  the  Company's  financial  instruments  by  pricing  observability  levels 
defined in ASC 820 as of December 31, 2023:

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned:
Corporate securities:

Equity securities

Convertible securities

Fixed income securities

Municipal securities:
Taxable securities

Tax-exempt securities

Short-term securities
Asset-backed securities
U.S. government agency securities  
U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

Total financial instruments and 
other inventory positions owned  

Level I

Level II

Level III

Netting (1)

Total

Counterparty

and Cash

Collateral

$ 

388  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

388 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

5,895 

— 

131,375 

1,645 

25,744 

135,886 

7,122 
8,149 

104,418 

— 

52,611 

— 

— 

— 

2,869 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

5,834 

(47,379)   

131,375 

1,645 

25,744 

138,755 

7,122 
8,149 

104,418 

5,895 

11,066 

6,283 

466,950 

8,703 

(47,379)   

434,557 

Cash equivalents

Investments at fair value (2)

343,856 

61,601 

— 

— 

— 

224,280 

— 

— 

343,856 

285,881 

Total assets

$ 

411,740  $ 

466,950  $ 

232,983  $ 

(47,379)  $  1,064,294 

Liabilities

Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not 
yet purchased:

Corporate securities:

Equity securities

$ 

53,857  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

40,437 

— 

2,230 

48,268 

— 

47,032 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

7,962 

(50,806)   

53,857 

2,230 

48,268 

40,437 

4,188 

Fixed income securities
U.S. government agency securities  
U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

Total financial instruments and 
other inventory positions sold, 
but not yet purchased

$ 

94,294  $ 

97,530  $ 

7,962  $ 

(50,806)  $ 

148,980 

(1) Represents  cash  collateral  and  the  impact  of  netting  on  a  counterparty  basis.  The  Company  had  no  securities  posted  as 

collateral to its counterparties.

(2)

Includes noncontrolling interests of $211.1 million attributable to unrelated third-party ownership in consolidated alternative asset 
management funds.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  summarizes  the  valuation  of  the  Company's  financial  instruments  by  pricing  observability  levels 
defined in ASC 820 as of December 31, 2022:

Level I

Level II

Level III

Netting (1)

Total

Counterparty

and Cash

Collateral

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions owned:
Corporate securities:

Equity securities

Convertible securities

Fixed income securities

Municipal securities:
Taxable securities

Tax-exempt securities

Short-term securities
U.S. government agency securities  
U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

Total financial instruments and 
other inventory positions owned  

$ 

1,490  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

3,800 

— 

94,552 

4,103 

28,389 

147,578 

14,386 
28,874 

— 

55,844 

— 

— 

— 

3,887 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

4,756 

(47,680)   

1,490 

94,552 

4,103 

28,389 

151,465 

14,386 
28,874 

3,800 

12,920 

5,290 

373,726 

8,643 

(47,680)   

339,979 

Cash equivalents

Investments at fair value (2)

323,143 

82,047 

— 

— 

— 

191,845 

— 

— 

323,143 

273,892 

Total assets

$ 

410,480  $ 

373,726  $ 

200,488  $ 

(47,680)  $ 

937,014 

Liabilities

Financial instruments and other 
inventory positions sold, but not 
yet purchased:

Corporate securities:

Equity securities

Fixed income securities

U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

Total financial instruments and 
other inventory positions sold, 
but not yet purchased

$ 

15,376  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

36,415 

— 

3,894 

— 

49,838 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,082 

(45,769)   

15,376 

3,894 

36,415 

5,151 

$ 

51,791  $ 

53,732  $ 

1,082  $ 

(45,769)  $ 

60,836 

(1) Represents  cash  collateral  and  the  impact  of  netting  on  a  counterparty  basis.  The  Company  had  no  securities  posted  as 

collateral to its counterparties.

(2)

Includes noncontrolling interests of $200.7 million attributable to unrelated third-party ownership in consolidated alternative asset 
management funds.

The carrying values of the Company's cash, receivables and payables either from or to brokers, dealers and clearing 
organizations, and short- and long-term financings approximate fair value due to either their liquid or short-term nature.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  Company's  Level  III  assets  were  $233.0  million  (including  noncontrolling  interests  of  $177.0  million)  and 
$200.5  million  (including  noncontrolling  interests  of  $148.7  million),  or  21.9  percent  and  21.4  percent  of  financial 
instruments measured at fair value at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were $19.8 million of transfers 
of  financial  assets  out  of  Level  III  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  primarily  due  to  unobservable  inputs 
becoming observable. There were $3.6 million of transfers of financial assets into Level III for the year ended December 
31,  2022,  primarily  due  to  observable  inputs  becoming  unobservable. At  December  31,  2023,  the  Company's  Level  I 
investments  at  fair  value  included  $5.1  million  of  equity  securities  subject  to  contractual  sale  restrictions.  The  sale 
restrictions will expire in the second quarter of 2024.

The  following  table  summarizes  the  changes  in  fair  value  associated  with  Level  III  financial  instruments  held  at  the 
beginning or end of the periods presented: 

Level III

Assets

Liabilities

Tax-Exempt 
Municipal 
Securities

Derivative 
Contracts

Investments at 
Fair Value

Derivative 
Contracts

Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 

247  $ 

726  $ 

142,286  $ 

1,898 

Purchases
Sales
Settlements

Transfers in

Transfers out
Total realized and unrealized 
gains/(losses)

— 
— 
— 

3,626 

— 

14 

Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 

3,887  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,018)   

2,869  $ 

Purchases

Sales

Settlements

Transfers in

Transfers out
Total realized and unrealized 
gains/(losses)

Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 

Unrealized gains/(losses) for 
assets/liabilities held at:
December 31, 2022

December 31, 2023

$ 

$ 

— 
— 
450 

— 

— 

3,580 

4,756  $ 

— 

— 

(2,443)   

— 

— 

3,521 

5,834  $ 

62,695 
(19,574)   

— 

— 

(172)   

6,610 

191,845  $ 

45,954 

(33,731)   

— 

— 

(19,810)   

40,022 

224,280  $ 

— 
— 
680 

— 

— 

(1,496) 

1,082 

— 

— 

(1,373) 

— 

— 

8,253 

7,962 

14  $ 

(1,018)  $ 

4,756  $ 

5,834  $ 

6,536  $ 

28,007  $ 

1,082 

7,962 

Realized  and  unrealized  gains/(losses)  related  to  financial  instruments,  with  the  exception  of  customer  matched-book 
derivatives,  are  reported  in  institutional  brokerage  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Realized  and 
unrealized  gains/(losses)  related  to  customer  matched-book  derivatives  are  reported  in  investment  banking.  Realized 
and unrealized gains/(losses) related to investments are principally reported in investment income on the consolidated 
statements of operations.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value 
measurement of the Company's Level III financial instruments as of December 31, 2023:

Valuation

Technique

Unobservable Input

Range

Average (1)

Weighted

Assets
Tax-exempt municipal securities Discounted cash flow Expected recovery rate 

(% of par) (3)

Current yield (3)

Derivative contracts

Discounted cash flow Premium over the MMD curve 

in basis points ("bps") (3)

Investments at fair value (2)

Market approach

Revenue multiple (3)

EBITDA multiple (3)
Market comparable valuation 
multiple (3)

Discounted cash flow Discount rate (4)

0 - 25%

14%

13.4%

14%

0 - 27 bps

0 - 9 times

13.4 bps

5.1 times

11 - 17 times

14.9 times

1 - 2 times

1.4 times

19 - 25%

20.6%

Liabilities
Derivative contracts

Discounted cash flow Premium over the MMD curve 

in bps (4)

0 - 31 bps

16.2 bps

(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the financial instruments.

(2) As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $224.3 million of Level III investments at fair value, of which $39.0 million, or 17.4 

percent, was valued based on a recent round of independent financing.

(3) There is uncertainty in the determination of fair value. Significant increase/(decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would 

have resulted in a significantly higher/(lower) fair value measurement.

(4) There is uncertainty in the determination of fair value. Significant increase/(decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would 

have resulted in a significantly lower/(higher) fair value measurement.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 7 | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER INVENTORY POSITIONS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

Corporate securities:

Equity securities

Convertible securities

Fixed income securities

Municipal securities:

Taxable securities

Tax-exempt securities

Short-term securities

Asset-backed securities
U.S. government agency securities

U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

$ 

388  $ 

131,375 

1,645 

25,744 

138,755 

7,122 

8,149 

104,418 

5,895 

11,066 

Total financial instruments and other inventory positions owned

$ 

434,557  $ 

Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased
Corporate securities:

Equity securities

Fixed income securities

U.S. government agency securities

U.S. government securities

Derivative contracts

$ 

53,857  $ 

2,230 

48,268 

40,437 

4,188 

1,490 

94,552 

4,103 

28,389 

151,465 

14,386 

— 

28,874 

3,800 

12,920 
339,979 

15,376 

3,894 

— 

36,415 

5,151 

Total financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet 
purchased

$ 

148,980  $ 

60,836 

At  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  owned  in  the  amount  of 
$92.8 million and $57.5 million, respectively, had been pledged as collateral for short-term financing arrangements.

Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased represent obligations of the Company to 
deliver the specified security at the contracted price, thereby creating a liability to purchase the security in the market at 
prevailing prices. The Company is obligated to acquire the securities sold short at prevailing market prices, which may 
exceed the amount reflected on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company economically hedges 
changes in the market value of its financial instruments and other inventory positions owned using inventory positions 
sold,  but  not  yet  purchased,  interest  rate  derivatives,  U.S.  treasury  bond  futures  and  options,  and  equity  option 
contracts.

Derivative Contract Financial Instruments

Customer Matched-Book Derivatives 

The  Company  enters  into  interest  rate  derivative  contracts  in  a  principal  capacity  as  a  dealer  to  satisfy  the  financial 
needs of its customers. The Company simultaneously enters into an interest rate derivative contract with a third party for 
the same notional amount to hedge the interest rate and credit risk of the initial client interest rate derivative contract. In 
certain limited instances, the Company has only hedged interest rate risk with a third party, and retains uncollateralized 
credit  risk  as  described  below.  These  instruments  use  rates  based  upon  the  Secured  Overnight  Financing  Rate 
("SOFR") index, the MMD index or the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA") index. Similarly, 
the  Company  enters  into  a  limited  number  of  credit  default  swap  contracts  to  facilitate  customer  transactions.  These 
instruments use rates based upon the Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities ("CMBX") index.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Trading Securities Derivatives

The Company enters into interest rate derivative contracts and uses U.S. treasury bond futures and options to hedge 
interest rate and market value risks primarily associated with its fixed income securities. These instruments use rates 
based upon the MMD or SOFR indices. The Company also enters into equity option contracts to hedge market value 
risk associated with its convertible securities.

Derivatives  are  reported  on  a  net  basis  by  counterparty  (i.e.,  the  net  payable  or  receivable  for  derivative  assets  and 
liabilities  for  a  given  counterparty)  when  a  legal  right  of  offset  exists  and  on  a  net  basis  by  cross  product  when 
applicable  provisions  are  stated  in  master  netting  agreements.  Cash  collateral  received  or  paid  is  netted  on  a 
counterparty basis, provided a legal right of offset exists. The total absolute notional contract amount, representing the 
absolute  value  of  the  sum  of  gross  long  and  short  derivative  contracts,  provides  an  indication  of  the  volume  of  the 
Company's  derivative  activity  and  does  not  represent  gains  and  losses.  The  following  table  presents  the  gross  fair 
market value and the total absolute notional contract amount of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments, prior 
to counterparty netting, by asset or liability position:

(Amounts in thousands)
Derivative Category
Interest rate:

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Derivative
Assets (1)

Derivative
Liabilities (2)

Notional
Amount

Derivative
Assets (1)

Derivative
Liabilities (2)

Notional
Amount

Customer matched-book $ 
Trading securities

54,676  $ 

49,293  $  1,356,924  $ 

55,414  $ 

49,838  $  1,354,881 

3,769 

5,701 

196,250 

5,186 

1,082 

134,750 

$ 

58,445  $ 

54,994  $  1,553,174  $ 

60,600  $ 

50,920  $  1,489,631 

(1) Derivative assets are included within financial instruments and other inventory positions owned on the consolidated statements of 

financial condition.

(2) Derivative  liabilities  are  included  within  financial  instruments  and  other  inventory  positions  sold,  but  not  yet  purchased  on  the 

consolidated statements of financial condition.

The  Company's  derivative  contracts  do  not  qualify  for  hedge  accounting;  therefore,  unrealized  gains  and  losses  are 
recorded  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  The  gains  and  losses  on  the  related  economically  hedged 
inventory  positions  are  not  disclosed  below  as  they  are  not  in  qualifying  hedging  relationships.  The  following  table 
presents the Company's unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative instruments:

(Amounts in thousands)
Derivative Category
Interest rate derivative contract

Interest rate derivative contract

Institutional brokerage

Investment banking

Operations Category

2023

2022

2021

Year Ended December 31,

$ 

$ 

(426)  $ 

(1,317)  $ 

(1,786) 

(5,790)   

(6,216)  $ 

4,848 

3,531  $ 

2,264 

478 

Credit  risk  associated  with  the  Company's  derivatives  is  the  risk  that  a  derivative  counterparty  will  not  perform  in 
accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  applicable  derivative  contract.  Credit  exposure  associated  with  the  Company's 
derivatives is driven by uncollateralized market movements in the fair value of the contracts with counterparties and is 
monitored  regularly  by  the  Company's  financial  risk  committee.  The  Company  considers  counterparty  credit  risk  in 
determining  derivative  contract  fair  value.  The  majority  of  the  Company's  derivative  contracts  are  substantially 
collateralized  by  its  counterparties,  who  are  major  financial  institutions.  The  Company  has  a  limited  number  of 
counterparties  who  are  not  required  to  post  collateral.  Based  on  market  movements,  the  uncollateralized  amounts 
representing  the  fair  value  of  a  derivative  contract  can  become  material,  exposing  the  Company  to  the  credit  risk  of 
these counterparties. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $6.7 million of uncollateralized credit exposure with 
these  counterparties  (notional  contract  amount  of  $150.2  million),  including  $5.8  million  of  uncollateralized  credit 
exposure with one counterparty.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 8 | INVESTMENTS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Investments at fair value

Investments at cost

Investments accounted for under the equity method

Total investments

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

285,881  $ 

273,892 

281 

11,886 

298,048 

509 

11,325 

285,726 

Less: Investments attributable to noncontrolling interests (1)

(211,096)   

(200,687) 

Total investments attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

86,952  $ 

85,039 

(1) Noncontrolling interests are attributable to unrelated third-party ownership in consolidated alternative asset management funds.

At December 31, 2023, investments carried on a cost basis had an estimated fair market value of $0.3 million. Because 
valuation  estimates  were  based  upon  management's  judgment,  investments  carried  at  cost  would  be  categorized  as 
Level III assets in the fair value hierarchy, if they were carried at fair value.

Investments accounted for under the equity method include general and limited partnership interests. The carrying value 
of these investments is based on the investment vehicle's net asset value. The net assets of investment partnerships 
consist  of  investments  in  both  marketable  and  non-marketable  securities.  The  underlying  investments  held  by  such 
partnerships  are  valued  based  on  the  estimated  fair  value  determined  by  management  in  the  Company's  capacity  as 
general  partner  or  investor  and,  in  the  case  of  investments  in  unaffiliated  investment  partnerships,  are  based  on 
financial statements prepared by the unaffiliated general partners.

NOTE 9 | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The  Company  has  investments  in  and/or  acts  as  the  managing  partner  of  various  partnerships  and  limited  liability 
companies. These entities were established for the purpose of investing in securities of public or private companies, and 
were initially financed through the capital commitments or seed investments of the members. 

VIEs  are  entities  in  which  equity  investors  lack  the  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial  interest  or  do  not  have 
sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities. The determination as to whether an entity is a VIE is based 
on the structure and nature of each entity. The Company also considers other characteristics such as the power through 
voting  rights  or  similar  rights  to  direct  the  activities  of  an  entity  that  most  significantly  impact  the  entity's  economic 
performance and how the entity is financed.

The  Company  is  required  to  consolidate  all  VIEs  for  which  it  is  considered  to  be  the  primary  beneficiary.  The 
determination as to whether the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary is based on whether the Company 
has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance 
and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the 
VIE. 

Consolidated VIEs

The Company's consolidated VIEs at December 31, 2023 included certain alternative asset management funds in which 
the Company has an investment and, as the managing partner, is deemed to have both the power to direct the most 
significant  activities  of  the  funds  and  the  right  to  receive  benefits  (or  the  obligation  to  absorb  losses)  that  could 
potentially be significant to these funds. 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  following  table  presents  information  about  the  carrying  value  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  VIEs  that  are 
consolidated by the Company and included on the consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2023. 
The  assets  can  only  be  used  to  settle  the  liabilities  of  the  respective  VIE,  and  the  creditors  of  the  VIEs  do  not  have 
recourse  to  the  general  credit  of  the  Company.  These  VIEs  have  a  combined  $56.0  million  of  bank  line  financing 
available with interest rates based on SOFR plus an applicable margin. The assets and liabilities are presented prior to 
consolidation, and thus a portion of these assets and liabilities is eliminated in consolidation.

(Amounts in thousands)
Assets

Investments

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Alternative Asset

Management Funds

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

266,508 

7,031 

273,539 

4,857 

4,857 

The Company has investments in a grantor trust which was established as part of a nonqualified deferred compensation 
plan. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the grantor trust. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the grantor 
trust are consolidated by the Company on the consolidated statements of financial condition. See Note 19 for additional 
information on the nonqualified deferred compensation plan.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

The Company determined it is not the primary beneficiary of certain VIEs and, accordingly, does not consolidate them. 
These  VIEs  had  net  assets  approximating  $1.1  billion  and  $1.2  billion  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  respectively. 
The Company's exposure to loss from these VIEs is $12.2 million, which is the carrying value of its capital contributions 
recorded in investments on the consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 2023. The Company had 
no  liabilities  related  to  these  VIEs  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022.  Furthermore,  the  Company  has  not  provided 
financial or other support to these VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide as of December 31, 
2023.

NOTE 10 | FIXED ASSETS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Furniture and equipment

Leasehold improvements

Software

Total fixed assets

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

55,534  $ 

83,587 

13,027 

152,148 

(91,378)   

53,138 

78,266 

12,575 

143,979 

(75,759) 

Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization

$ 

60,770  $ 

68,220 

For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  depreciation  and  amortization  of  furniture  and  equipment, 
leasehold  improvements  and  software  totaled  $17.9  million,  $15.6  million  and  $12.6  million,  respectively,  and  are 
included in occupancy and equipment expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 11 | GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2021

Goodwill acquired

Balance at December 31, 2022

Goodwill acquired

Measurement period adjustments

Balance at December 31, 2023

Intangible assets

Balance at December 31, 2021

Intangible assets acquired

Amortization of intangible assets

Balance at December 31, 2022

Intangible assets acquired
Amortization of intangible assets

Balance at December 31, 2023

$ 

$ 

227,508 

73,643 

301,151 

— 

609 

$ 

301,760 

$ 

119,778 

31,234 

(15,375) 

$ 

135,637 

— 
(19,440) 

$ 

116,197 

As discussed in Note 4, the addition of goodwill and intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2022 related 
to the acquisitions of DBO Partners, Stamford Partners and Cornerstone Macro. Management identified $10.4 million of 
customer  relationship  intangible  assets  related  to  the  acquisition  of  DBO  Partners,  which  are  being  amortized  over  a 
weighted average life of 1.1 years. Management identified $1.8 million of customer relationship intangible assets related 
to the acquisition of Stamford Partners, which were amortized over a weighted average life of 0.8 years. Management 
identified $19.0 million of customer relationship intangible assets related to the acquisition of Cornerstone Macro, which 
are being amortized over a weighted average life of 7.2 years. In 2023, the Company recorded a measurement period 
adjustment  to  increase  the  value  of  the  contingent  consideration  and  goodwill  related  to  the  acquisition  of  DBO 
Partners. The Company also recorded a measurement period adjustment related to Stamford Partners in 2023, which 
resulted in an increase to goodwill.

At  December  31,  2023,  intangible  assets  with  determinable  lives  consisted  of  customer  relationships.  The  following 
table  summarizes  the  future  aggregate  amortization  expense  of  the  Company's  intangible  assets  with  determinable 
lives:

(Amounts in thousands)
2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Thereafter

Total

$ 

9,445 
7,887 

7,253 

3,480 

2,191 

541 

$ 

30,797 

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of the Sandler trade name of $85.4 million, which is not subject to amortization.

The  Company  performed  its  annual  impairment  testing  as  of  October  31,  which  resulted  in  no  impairment  related  to 
goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets in 2023, 2022 and 2021.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 12 | OTHER ASSETS 

(Amounts in thousands)
Fee receivables

Forgivable employee loans

Prepaid expenses

Income tax receivables

Other (1)

Total other assets

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

27,765  $ 

15,771 

22,396 

5,939 

14,084 

42,645 

20,667 

18,664 

— 

24,049 

$ 

85,955  $ 

106,025 

(1) As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  had  a  $7.5  million  financing  receivable  included  in  other  assets.  This  balance  was 
written  off  in  2023  as  it  was  deemed  uncollectible.  The  write-off  is  included  in  other  operating  expenses  on  the  consolidated 
statements of operations.

NOTE 13 | SHORT-TERM FINANCING 

The  Company  has  an  unsecured  $100  million  revolving  credit  facility  with  U.S.  Bank  N.A.  The  credit  agreement  will 
terminate on December 18, 2026, unless otherwise terminated, and is subject to a one-year extension exercisable at 
the  option  of  the  Company.  The  interest  rate  is  variable  and  based  on  either  the  federal  funds  rate  or  prime  plus  an 
applicable  margin.  This  credit  facility  includes  customary  events  of  default  and  covenants  that,  among  other  things, 
require the Company's U.S. broker dealer subsidiary to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, limit 
the  Company's  leverage  ratio,  require  maintenance  of  a  minimum  ratio  of  operating  cash  flow  to  fixed  charges,  and 
impose  certain  limitations  on  the  Company's  ability  to  make  acquisitions  and  make  payments  on  its  capital  stock. At 
December 31, 2023, there were $30.0 million of advances against this credit facility, with a weighted average interest 
rate of 5.33 percent. The Company repaid the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility in January 2024.

The  Company's  committed  short-term  bank  line  financing  at  December  31,  2023  consisted  of  a  one-year  $50  million 
committed revolving credit facility with U.S. Bank N.A., which has been renewed annually in the fourth quarter of each 
year since 2008. Advances under this facility are secured by certain marketable securities. The interest rate is variable 
and  based  on  the  federal  funds  rate  plus  an  applicable  margin.  The  facility  includes  a  covenant  that  requires  the 
Company's U.S. broker dealer subsidiary to maintain a minimum regulatory net capital of $120 million, and the unpaid 
principal  amount  of  all  advances  under  this  facility  will  be  due  on  December  6,  2024.  The  Company  pays  a 
nonrefundable  commitment  fee  on  the  unused  portion  of  the  facility  on  a  quarterly  basis. At  December  31,  2023,  the 
Company had no advances against this line of credit.

NOTE 14 | LONG-TERM FINANCING 

On  October  15,  2019,  the  Company  entered  into  a  note  purchase  agreement  with  certain  entities  advised  by  Pacific 
Investment  Management  Company  ("PIMCO"),  under  which  the  Company  issued  unsecured  fixed  rate  senior  notes 
("Notes")  in  the  amount  of  $175  million. The  Notes  consisted  of  two  classes,  Class A  Notes  and  Class  B  Notes,  with 
principal amounts of $50 million and $125 million, respectively. The Class A Notes were repaid in full by the Company 
upon  maturity  on  October  15,  2021.  The  Class  B  Notes  were  repaid  in  full  by  the  Company  upon  maturity  on 
October 15, 2023.

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NOTE 15 | LEASES

Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  Company  leases  office  space  throughout  the  U.S.  and  in  a  limited  number  of  foreign  countries  where  its 
international  operations  reside.  Aggregate  minimum  lease  payments  on  an  undiscounted  basis  for  the  Company's 
operating  leases  and  a  reconciliation  to  accrued  lease  liabilities  included  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)
2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Thereafter

Total operating lease payments

Less: Present value discount

Total accrued lease liabilities

$ 

$ 

25,292 

24,998 

22,839 

18,531 

10,021 

20,832 

122,513 

(28,786) 

93,727 

The following table summarizes the Company's operating lease costs and sublease income:

(Amounts in millions)
Operating lease costs

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

21.9  $ 

24.3  $ 

Operating lease costs related to short-term leases

Sublease income

0.5 

0.2 

1.3 

0.4 

20.7 

0.9 

0.7 

At  December  31,  2023,  the  weighted  average  remaining  lease  term  for  operating  leases  was  5.5  years  and  the 
weighted average discount rate was 4.4 percent.

In  December  2022,  the  Company  entered  into  a  lease  agreement  for  its  future  corporate  headquarters  location  in 
Minneapolis, Minnesota. As the Company anticipates taking possession of the space in 2025, no ROU lease asset or 
accrued lease liability is recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2023. The 
Company's contractual rent commitment over the 15-year lease term is $53.1 million.

NOTE 16 | CONTINGENCIES, COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES 

Legal Contingencies

The  Company  has  been  named  as  a  defendant  in  various  legal  actions,  including  complaints  and  litigation  and 
arbitration  claims,  arising  from  its  business  activities.  Such  actions  include  claims  related  to  securities  brokerage  and 
investment  banking  activities,  and  certain  class  actions  that  primarily  allege  violations  of  securities  laws  and  seek 
unspecified damages, which could be substantial. Also, the Company is involved from time to time in investigations and 
proceedings  by  governmental  agencies  and  self-regulatory  organizations  ("SROs")  which  could  result  in  adverse 
judgments, settlements, penalties, fines or other relief.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  Company  accrues  for  potential  losses  resulting  from  pending  and  potential  legal  actions,  investigations  and 
regulatory  proceedings  when  such  losses  are  probable  and  reasonably  estimable.  In  many  cases,  however,  it  is 
inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or even possible or to estimate the amount or range of any 
potential loss, particularly where proceedings may be in relatively early stages or where plaintiffs are seeking substantial 
or indeterminate damages. Matters frequently need to develop before a probability of loss can be determined or range 
of loss can reasonably be estimated. Given uncertainties regarding the timing, scope, volume and outcome of pending 
and  potential  legal  actions,  investigations  and  regulatory  proceedings  and  other  factors,  the  amounts  of  accruals  and 
ranges of reasonably possible losses are difficult to determine and of necessity subject to future revision. Subject to the 
foregoing,  management  of  the  Company  believes,  based  on  currently  available  information,  after  consultation  with 
outside  legal  counsel  and  taking  into  account  any  prior  accruals,  that  pending  legal  actions,  investigations  and 
regulatory proceedings will be resolved with no material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations 
or cash flows of the Company, except as described in the next paragraph.

The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC") are 
conducting investigations of the Company regarding compliance with recordkeeping requirements for business-related 
communications  sent  over  unapproved  electronic  messaging  channels.  The  SEC  and  the  CFTC  have  brought 
numerous  enforcement  actions  relating  to  recordkeeping  practices  and  are  currently  conducting  numerous  similar 
investigations  of  other  broker  dealers  and  registered  investment  advisors.  The  Company  is  cooperating  with  the 
investigations.  The  Company  has  engaged  in  settlement  negotiations  with  the  SEC  and  the  CFTC  to  resolve  these 
investigations and anticipates that the resolution will include the payment of civil money penalties. As of December 31, 
2023, the Company accrued $20.0 million as estimated civil penalties related to these investigations, which are included 
in other operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

If during any period a potential adverse contingency becomes probable or is resolved for an amount in excess of the 
established accrual, the results of operations and cash flows in that period and the financial condition as of the end of 
that  period  could  be  materially  adversely  affected.  At  December  31,  2023,  the  high  end  of  the  range  of  reasonably 
estimable losses in excess of amounts accrued was approximately $3.0 million. In addition, there can be no assurance 
that material losses will not be incurred from claims that have not yet been brought to the Company's attention or are 
not yet determined to be reasonably possible.

Litigation-related  accrual  activity  included  within  other  operating  expenses  was  immaterial  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Investment Commitments

As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had  commitments  to  invest  $95.1  million  in  limited  partnerships  or  limited 
liability companies that make direct or indirect equity or debt investments in companies.

Other Guarantees

The Company is a member of numerous exchanges. Under the membership agreements with these entities, members 
generally are required to guarantee the performance of other members, and if a member becomes unable to satisfy its 
obligations to the exchange, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, 
the  exchanges  often  require  members  to  post  collateral.  In  addition,  the  Company  identifies  and  guarantees  certain 
clearing agents against specified potential losses in connection with providing services to the Company or its affiliates. 
The  Company's  maximum  potential  liability  under  these  arrangements  cannot  be  quantified.  However,  management 
believes  the  likelihood  that  the  Company  would  be  required  to  make  payments  under  these  arrangements  is  remote. 
Accordingly, no liability is recorded in the consolidated statements of financial condition for these arrangements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The  Company  provides  investment,  capital-raising  and  related  services  to  a  diverse  group  of  domestic  and  foreign 
customers,  including  governments,  corporations,  and  institutional  investors.  The  Company's  exposure  to  credit  risk 
associated  with  the  non-performance  of  customers  in  fulfilling  their  contractual  obligations  pursuant  to  securities 
transactions  can  be  directly  impacted  by  volatile  securities  markets,  credit  markets  and  regulatory  changes.  This 
exposure is measured on an individual customer basis and on a group basis for customers that share similar attributes. 
To alleviate the potential for risk concentrations, counterparty credit limits have been implemented for certain products 
and are continually monitored in light of changing customer and market conditions.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 17 | SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 

The  Company's  amended  and  restated  certificate  of  incorporation  provides  for  the  issuance  of  up  to  100,000,000 
shares  of  common  stock  with  a  par  value  of  $0.01  per  share  and  up  to  5,000,000  shares  of  undesignated  preferred 
stock with a par value of $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

The holders of the Company's common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by the 
shareholders.  Subject  to  preferences  that  may  be  applicable  to  any  outstanding  preferred  stock  of  Piper  Sandler 
Companies, the holders of its common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared 
out  of  funds  legally  available  for  that  purpose. There  are  also  restrictions  on  the  payment  of  dividends  as  set  forth  in 
Note 24. The Company's board of directors determines the declaration and payment of dividends and is free to change 
the Company's dividend policy at any time.

Dividends 

The  Company's  current  dividend  policy  is  intended  to  return  a  metric  based  on  fiscal  year  net  income  to  its 
shareholders.

In 2023, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $2.40 per share, 
and a special cash dividend on its common stock related to fiscal year 2022 results of $1.25 per share. Total dividends 
paid,  including  accrued  forfeitable  dividends  paid  on  restricted  stock  vestings,  were  $84.4  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023.

In 2022, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $2.40 per share, 
and a special cash dividend on its common stock related to fiscal year 2021 results of $4.50 per share. Total dividends 
paid, including accrued forfeitable dividends paid on restricted stock vestings, were $107.5 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022. 

In 2021, the Company declared and paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock, aggregating $1.95 per share, a 
special cash dividend on its common stock related to fiscal year  2020 results of $1.85 per share, and a special cash 
dividend  on  its  common  stock  related  to  fiscal  year  2021  results  of  $3.00  per  share.  Total  dividends  paid,  including 
accrued  forfeitable  dividends  paid  on  restricted  stock  vestings,  were  $99.4  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2021.

On February 2, 2024, the board of directors declared both a quarterly and a special cash dividend on its common stock 
of $0.60 and $1.00 per share, respectively, to be paid on March 15, 2024, to shareholders of record as of the close of 
business on March 4, 2024. The special cash dividend relates to the Company's fiscal year 2023 results.

In  the  event  that  Piper  Sandler  Companies  is  liquidated  or  dissolved,  the  holders  of  its  common  stock  are  entitled  to 
share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to any prior distribution rights of Piper Sandler 
Companies preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. Currently, there is no outstanding preferred stock. The holders of 
the  common  stock  have  no  preemptive  or  conversion  rights  or  other  subscription  rights.  There  are  no  redemption  or 
sinking fund provisions applicable to Piper Sandler Companies common stock.

Share Repurchases

The  Company  purchases  shares  of  common  stock  pursuant  to  share  repurchase  programs  authorized  by  the 
Company's  board  of  directors.  The  Company  also  purchases  shares  of  common  stock  from  restricted  stock  award 
recipients upon the award vesting as recipients sell shares to meet their employment tax obligations.

The following table summarizes the repurchase programs authorized by the Company's board of directors:

Effective Date

May 6, 2022

January 1, 2022

January 1, 2020

Authorized Amount

Expiration Date

$150.0 million

$150.0 million

$150.0 million

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2021

Remaining Authorization 
at December 31, 2023
$138.2 million

$—

$—

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes the Company's repurchase activity:

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

Shares repurchased pursuant to repurchase authorizations

Common shares repurchased

Aggregate purchase price (in millions)

Average price per share

Shares repurchased from employees related to employment 
tax obligations
Common shares repurchased

Aggregate purchase price (in millions)

Average price per share

Issuance of Shares

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

1,245,221 

161.8  $ 

417,903 

52.3 

129.95  $ 

125.03 

—  $ 

—  $ 

494,555 

172,156 

70.7  $ 

25.5  $ 

154,117 

17.7 

142.92  $ 

148.25  $ 

114.53 

The  Company  issues  common  shares  out  of  treasury  stock  as  a  result  of  employee  restricted  share  vesting  and 
exercise  transactions  as  discussed  in  Note  19.  During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the 
Company issued 2,013,046 shares, 953,293 shares and 918,024 shares, respectively, related to these obligations.

Preferred Stock

The Piper Sandler Companies board of directors has the authority, without action by its shareholders, to designate and 
issue preferred stock in one or more series and to designate the rights, preferences and privileges of each series, which 
may  be  greater  than  the  rights  associated  with  the  common  stock.  It  is  not  possible  to  state  the  actual  effect  of  the 
issuance  of  any  shares  of  preferred  stock  upon  the  rights  of  holders  of  common  stock  until  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies board of directors determines the specific rights of the holders of preferred stock. However, the effects might 
include,  among  other  things,  the  following:  restricting  dividends  on  its  common  stock,  diluting  the  voting  power  of  its 
common stock, impairing  the  liquidation rights of its common stock and delaying or preventing a change in control  of 
Piper Sandler Companies without further action by its shareholders.

Noncontrolling Interests 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Piper Sandler Companies, its wholly owned subsidiaries 
and  other  entities  in  which  the  Company  has  a  controlling  financial  interest.  Noncontrolling  interests  represent  equity 
interests  in  consolidated  entities  that  are  not  attributable,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  to  Piper  Sandler  Companies. 
Noncontrolling  interests  represent  the  minority  equity  holders'  proportionate  share  of  the  equity  in  the  Company's 
alternative asset management funds.

Ownership  interests  in  entities  held  by  parties  other  than  the  Company's  common  shareholders  are  presented  as 
noncontrolling interests within shareholders' equity, separate from the Company's own equity. Revenues, expenses and 
net income or loss are reported on the consolidated statements of operations on a consolidated basis, which includes 
amounts attributable to both the Company's common shareholders and noncontrolling interests. Net income or loss is 
then  allocated  between  the  Company  and  noncontrolling  interests  based  upon  their  relative  ownership  interests.  Net 
income  attributable  to  noncontrolling  interests  is  deducted  from  consolidated  net  income  to  determine  net  income 
attributable  to  the  Company.  The  Company  does  not  have  other  comprehensive  income  or  loss  attributable  to 
noncontrolling interests.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 18 | REVENUES AND BUSINESS INFORMATION 

The Company's activities as an investment bank and institutional securities firm constitute a single business segment. 
The Company is organized as one reportable segment in order to maximize the value provided to clients by leveraging 
the diversified expertise and broad relationships of its experienced professionals across the Company. The substantial 
majority of the Company's net revenues and long-lived assets are located in the U.S.

Reportable financial results are as follows: 

(Amounts in thousands)

Revenues

Investment banking:

Advisory services

Corporate financing

Municipal financing

Total investment banking

Institutional brokerage:

Equity brokerage

Fixed income services

Total institutional brokerage

Interest income

Investment income/(loss)

Total revenues

Interest expense

Net revenues

Total non-interest expenses

Pre-tax income

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

709,316 
131,077 

83,419 

$ 

776,428 

$  1,026,138 

125,342 

107,739 

362,797 

164,284 

923,812 

  1,009,509 

  1,553,219 

209,512 

168,027 

377,539 

26,723 

30,039 

210,314 

194,953 

405,267 

20,365 

(23) 

154,067 

233,510 

387,577 

6,967 

94,032 

  1,358,113 

  1,435,118 

  2,041,795 

10,146 

9,480 

10,734 

  1,347,967 

  1,425,638 

  2,031,061 

  1,225,381 

  1,291,269 

  1,589,549 

$ 

122,586 

$ 

134,369 

$ 

441,512 

Pre-tax margin

 9.1 %

 9.4 %

 21.7 %

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 19 | COMPENSATION PLANS 

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The  Company  has  three  outstanding  stock-based  compensation  plans:  the Amended  and  Restated  2003 Annual  and 
Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), the 2020 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "2020 Inducement 
Plan") and the 2022 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "2022 Inducement Plan"). The Company's equity awards 
are  recognized  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  at  grant  date  fair  value  over  the  service  period  of  the 
award, less forfeitures.

The following table provides a summary of the Company's outstanding equity awards (in shares or units, as applicable) 
as of December 31, 2023:

Restricted stock

Restricted stock related to compensation plans:

Annual grants

Sign-on grants

Inducement grants

2020 Inducement Plan grants
2022 Inducement Plan grants

Total restricted stock related to compensation plans

Restricted stock related to acquisitions (1)

Total restricted stock

Restricted stock units

Stock options

734,642 

120,005 
61,806 

555,059 

126,608 

1,598,120 

995,802 

2,593,922 

181,193 

156,667 

(1)

Includes restricted stock with service conditions issued in conjunction with all acquisitions since January 1, 2020. See Note 4 for 
further discussion.

Incentive Plan

The Incentive Plan permits the grant of equity awards, including restricted stock, restricted stock units and non-qualified 
stock  options,  to  the  Company's  employees  and  directors  for  up  to  10.9  million  shares  of  common  stock  (1.9  million 
shares  remained  available  for  future  issuance  under  the  Incentive  Plan  as  of  December  31,  2023).  The  Company 
believes that such awards help align the interests of employees and directors with those of shareholders and serve as 
an employee retention tool. The Incentive Plan provides for accelerated vesting of awards if there is a severance event, 
a change in control of the Company (as defined in the Incentive Plan), in the event of a participant's death, and at the 
discretion of the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors.

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock grants  are  valued at the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant and are 
amortized  over  the  requisite  service  period.  The  Company  grants  shares  of  restricted  stock  to  employees  as  part  of 
year-end  compensation  ("Annual  Grants")  and  upon  initial  hiring  or  as  a  retention  award  ("Sign-on  Grants"  or 
"Inducement Grants").

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company's Annual Grants are made each year in February. Annual Grants vest ratably over three years in equal 
installments. The Annual Grants provide for continued vesting after termination of employment, so long as the employee 
does not violate certain post-termination restrictions set forth in the award agreement or any agreements entered into 
upon termination. The Company determined the service inception date precedes the grant date for the Annual Grants, 
and that the post-termination  restrictions do not meet the criteria for an in-substance service condition, as defined by 
ASC 718. Accordingly, restricted stock granted as part of the Annual Grants is expensed in the one-year period in which 
those awards are deemed to be earned, which is generally the calendar year preceding the February grant date. For 
example, the Company recognized compensation expense during fiscal year 2023 for its February 2024 Annual Grant. If 
an  equity  award  related  to  the Annual  Grants  is  forfeited  as  a  result  of  violating  the  post-termination  restrictions,  the 
lower of the fair value of the award at grant date or the fair value of the award at the date of forfeiture is recorded within 
the consolidated statements of operations as a reversal of compensation expense. 

Sign-on Grants are used as a recruiting tool for new employees and are issued to current employees as a retention tool. 
These  awards  have  both  cliff  and  ratable  vesting  terms,  and  the  employees  must  fulfill  service  requirements  in 
exchange for rights to the awards. Compensation expense is amortized on a straight-line basis from the grant date over 
the  requisite  service  period,  generally  three  to  five  years.  Employees  forfeit  unvested  shares  upon  termination  of 
employment and a reversal of compensation expense is recorded.

Inducement  Grants  are  issued  as  a  retention  tool  in  conjunction  with  certain  acquisitions.  During 2022,  the  Company 
granted $9.3 million (65,125 shares) in restricted stock under the Incentive Plan in conjunction with its acquisitions of 
Cornerstone Macro and Stamford Partners. These restricted shares are subject to graded vesting, and employees must 
fulfill service requirements in exchange for the rights to the restricted shares. Compensation expense is amortized on a 
straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period,  generally  three  to  four  years.  Employees  forfeit  unvested  shares 
upon termination of employment and a reversal of compensation expense is recorded.

Annually,  the  Company  grants  stock  to  its  non-employee  directors.  The  stock-based  compensation  paid  to  non-
employee  directors  is  fully  expensed  on  the  grant  date  and  included  within  outside  services  expense  on  the 
consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company grants restricted stock units to its leadership team ("Leadership Grants"). Restricted stock units will vest 
and convert to shares of common stock at the end of each 36-month performance period only if the Company satisfies 
predetermined performance and/or market conditions over the performance period. The performance condition requires 
the  Company  to  achieve  certain  average  adjusted  return  on  equity  targets,  as  defined  in  the  terms  of  the  award 
agreements. The market condition requires the Company to achieve a certain total shareholder return ("TSR") relative 
to members of a predetermined peer group. Under the terms of these awards, the number of units that will actually vest 
and  convert  to  shares  will  be  based  on  the  extent  to  which  the  Company  achieves  the  specified  targets  during  each 
performance period. The maximum payout leverage by grant year is as follows: 

Grant Year

Performance Condition

Market Condition 

Maximum Payout Leverage

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

100%

75%

75%

75%

75%

100%

75%

75%

75%

75%

Total

200%

150%

150%

150%

150%

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  fair  value  of  the  performance  condition  portion  of  the  award  was  based  on  the  closing  price  of  the  Company's 
common stock on the grant date. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance condition will be 
achieved,  compensation  expense  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  36-month  performance  period.  The 
Company reevaluates achievement of the performance condition by grant year each reporting period with changes in 
estimated  outcomes  accounted  for  using  a  cumulative  effect  adjustment  to  compensation  expense.  Compensation 
expense will be recognized only if the performance condition is met. Employees forfeit unvested restricted stock units 
upon termination of employment with a corresponding reversal of compensation expense. As of December 31, 2023, the 
expected payout leverage for the performance condition portion of the award by grant year is as follows: 

Grant Year

2023

2022

2021

Expected Payout 
Leverage

47%

—%

75%

The market condition must be met for the market condition portion of the award to vest. Compensation expense will be 
recognized regardless if the market condition is satisfied, and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the 36-month 
requisite  service  period  (or  earlier  if  age  and  service  conditions  are  met,  as  described  below).  Employees  forfeit 
unvested  restricted  stock  units  upon  termination  of  employment  with  a  corresponding  reversal  of  compensation 
expense. The fair value of the market condition portion of the award was determined on the grant date using a Monte 
Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:

Grant Year

Vesting Year

Risk-Free 

Interest Rate

Expected Stock 

Price Volatility

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2026

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

4.35%

1.80%

0.23%

1.40%

2.50%

2.40%

47.5%

43.8%

43.2%

27.3%

31.9%

34.8%

Because  the  vesting  of  the  market  condition  portion  of  the  award  depends  on  the  Company's TSR  relative  to  a  peer 
group, the valuation modeled the performance of the peer group as well as the correlation between the Company and 
the peer group. The expected stock price volatility assumptions were determined using historical volatility, as correlation 
coefficients  can  only  be  developed  through  historical  volatility.  The  risk-free  interest  rates  were  determined  based  on 
three-year U.S. Treasury bond yields.

The  compensation  committee  of  the  Company's  board  of  directors  included  defined  retirement  provisions  in  its 
Leadership Grants. Certain grantees meeting defined age and service requirements will be fully vested in the awards as 
long  as  performance  and  post-termination  obligations  are  met  throughout  the  performance  period.  These  retirement-
eligible grants are expensed in the period in which those awards are deemed to be earned, which is the calendar year 
preceding the February grant date.

Stock Options

On February 15, 2023 and February 15, 2018, the Company granted options to certain executive officers. These options 
are expensed on a straight-line basis over the required service period of five years, based on the estimated fair value of 
the award on the respective date of grant. The exercise price per share is equal to the closing price on the respective 
date of grant plus ten percent. These options are subject to graded vesting, beginning on the third anniversary of the 
respective grant date, so long as the employee remains continuously employed by the Company. The maximum term of 
these stock options is ten years.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The  fair  value  of  these  stock  option  awards  was  estimated  on  the  respective  date  of  grant  using  the  Black-Scholes 
option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate

Dividend yield

Expected stock price volatility

Expected life of options (in years)

Fair value of options granted (per share)

February 2023 February 2018

Grant

Grant

 3.94 %

 3.21 %

 38.50 %

7.0

 2.82 %

 3.22 %

 37.20 %

7.0

$ 

46.71 

$ 

24.49 

The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the U.S. Treasury bond yield with a maturity equal to the expected 
life of the options. The dividend yield assumption was based on the assumed dividend payout over the expected life of 
the  options.  The  expected  stock  price  volatility  assumption  was  determined  using  historical  volatility,  as  correlation 
coefficients can only be developed through historical volatility. The expected life of options assumption was determined 
using  the  simplified  method  due  to  the  Company's  limited  exercise  information.  The  simplified  method  calculates  the 
expected term as the midpoint of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the options.

Inducement Plans

Inducement plan awards are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over each respective vesting 
period. Employees forfeit unvested shares upon termination of employment and a reversal of compensation expense is 
recorded.

The Company established the 2019 Employment Inducement Award Plan (the "2019 Inducement Plan") in conjunction 
with  its  acquisition  of  Weeden  &  Co.  L.P.  ("Weeden  &  Co.").  On August  2,  2019,  the  Company  granted  $7.3  million 
(97,752 shares) in restricted stock. These restricted shares were subject to graded vesting through August 2, 2023. The 
Company terminated the 2019 Inducement Plan in August 2023.

The Company established the 2020 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of SOP Holdings, LLC and its 
subsidiaries,  including  Sandler  O'Neill  &  Partners,  L.P.  (collectively,  "Sandler  O'Neill").  On  January  3,  2020,  the 
Company  granted  $96.9  million  (1,217,423  shares)  in  restricted  stock.  These  restricted  shares  have  both  cliff  and 
graded  vesting  terms  with  vesting  periods  of  18  months,  three  years  or  five  years  (with  a  weighted  average  service 
period of 3.7 years). On April 3, 2020, the Company granted $5.5 million (114,000 shares) in restricted stock under the 
2020 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of The Valence Group ("Valence"). These restricted shares are 
subject  to  graded  vesting,  generally  beginning  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the  grant  date  through  April  3,  2025.  On 
December 31, 2020, the Company granted $2.9 million (29,194 shares) in restricted stock under the 2020 Inducement 
Plan  in  conjunction  with  its  acquisition  of TRS Advisors  LLC  ("TRS"). These  restricted shares  were  subject  to  ratable 
vesting through December 31, 2023.

The Company established the 2022 Inducement Plan in conjunction with its acquisition of DBO Partners. On October 7, 
2022,  the  Company  granted  $17.4  million  (161,030  shares)  in  restricted  stock.  These  restricted  shares  are  generally 
subject to ratable vesting over a five-year vesting period. 

Stock-Based Compensation Activity

The following table summarizes the Company's stock-based compensation activity:

(Amounts in millions)
Stock-based compensation expense

Forfeitures

Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

92.3  $ 

129.9  $ 

1.9 

17.9 

1.5 

17.5 

170.1 

1.6 

23.8 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's unvested restricted stock:

December 31, 2020

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2021

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2022

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2023

Unvested

Weighted Average

Restricted Stock

(in Shares)

Grant Date

Fair Value 

4,312,557  $ 

353,753 

(850,355)   

(20,743)   

3,795,212  $ 

1,330,471 

(890,629)   

(15,228)   

4,219,826  $ 

336,093 

(1,932,950)   
(29,047)   
2,593,922  $ 

74.99 

108.21 

81.29 

90.27 

76.59 

131.69 

82.95 

129.10 

92.43 

153.89 

85.62 
144.34 
104.89 

The  fair  value  of  restricted  stock  that  vested  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021  was 
$165.5 million, $73.9 million and $69.1 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's unvested restricted stock units:

December 31, 2020

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2021

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2022

Granted

Vested

Canceled

December 31, 2023

Unvested

Restricted

Stock Units

Weighted Average

Grant Date

Fair Value

146,048  $ 

62,569 

(50,224)   

— 

158,393  $ 

69,693 

(39,758)   

— 

188,328  $ 

48,931 

(56,066)   

— 

181,193  $ 

85.60 

103.69 

92.93 

— 

90.43 

148.90 

75.78 
— 

115.16 
177.75 

86.01 

— 

141.08 

As of December 31, 2023, there was $93.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock 
and restricted stock units expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's outstanding stock options:

Weighted Average

Weighted

Remaining

Options

Average

Contractual Term

Aggregate

Outstanding Exercise Price

(in Years)

Intrinsic Value

December 31, 2020

81,667  $ 

99.00 

7.1

$ 

155,167 

Granted

Exercised

Canceled

Expired

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

December 31, 2021

81,667  $ 

99.00 

6.1

$ 

6,493,343 

Granted

Exercised

Canceled

Expired

December 31, 2022

Granted

Exercised

Canceled

Expired

— 

— 

— 

— 
81,667  $ 
75,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
99.00 
170.76 

— 

— 

— 

5.1

$ 

2,547,194 

December 31, 2023

156,667  $ 

133.35 

6.5

$ 

6,504,325 

Options exercisable at:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2023

27,222  $ 

54,444  $ 

81,667  $ 

99.00 

99.00 

99.00 

6.1

5.1

4.1

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,164,421 

1,698,108 

6,196,075 

As of December 31, 2023, there was $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options expected 
to be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.1 years. 

The Company has a policy of issuing shares out of treasury (to the extent available) to satisfy share option exercises 
and restricted stock vesting. The Company expects to withhold approximately 0.3 million shares from employee equity 
awards vesting in  2024, related to employee individual income tax withholding obligations on restricted stock vesting. 
For  accounting  purposes,  withholding  shares  to  cover  employees'  tax  obligations  is  deemed  to  be  a  repurchase  of 
shares by the Company.

Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company maintains various deferred compensation arrangements for employees.

Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan

The Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan is a fully funded deferred compensation plan which allows eligible 
employees  to  receive  a  portion  of  their  incentive  compensation  in  restricted  mutual  fund  shares  ("MFRS Awards")  of 
investment funds. MFRS Awards are awarded to qualifying employees in February of each year, and represent a portion 
of  their  compensation  for  performance  in  the  preceding  year  similar  to  the  Company's Annual  Grants.  MFRS Awards 
vest ratably over three years in equal installments and provide for continued vesting after termination of employment so 
long  as  the  employee  does  not  violate  certain  post-termination  restrictions  set  forth  in  the  award  agreement  or  any 
agreement  entered  into  upon  termination.  Forfeitures  are  recorded  as  a  reduction  of  compensation  and  benefits 
expense within the consolidated statements of operations. MFRS Awards are owned by employee recipients (subject to 
aforementioned vesting restrictions) and as such are not included on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company recorded compensation expense of $75.4 million, $104.7 million and $127.3 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to employee MFRS Awards, less forfeitures. Forfeitures were 
$1.3 million, $3.1 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan

The nonqualified deferred compensation plan is an unfunded plan which allows certain highly compensated employees, 
at  their  election,  to  defer  a  portion  of  their  compensation.  This  plan  was  closed  to  future  deferral  elections  by 
participants for performance periods beginning after December 31, 2017. The amounts deferred under this plan are held 
in a grantor trust. The Company invests, as a principal, in investments to economically hedge its obligation under the 
nonqualified  deferred  compensation  plan.  The  investments  in  the  grantor  trust  consist  of  mutual  funds  which  are 
categorized  as  Level  I  in  the  fair  value  hierarchy.  These  investments  totaled  $18.6  million  and  $15.9  million  as  of 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in investments on the consolidated statements of financial 
condition.  A  corresponding  deferred  compensation  liability  is  included  in  accrued  compensation  on  the  consolidated 
statements  of  financial  condition.  The  compensation  deferred  by  the  employees  was  expensed  in  the  period  earned. 
Changes in the fair value of the investments made by the Company are reported in investment income and changes in 
the  corresponding  deferred  compensation  liability  are  reflected  as  compensation  and  benefits  expense  on  the 
consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisition-Related Compensation Arrangements

In conjunction with the 2020 acquisition of Valence, additional cash was available to be earned by certain employees if a 
revenue threshold was exceeded during the three-year post-acquisition period (the "Valence Earnout"). The Company 
paid $10.0 million related to the Valence Earnout in 2023. Amounts payable were recorded as compensation expense 
on the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service period. The Company recorded $2.2 million and 
$11.2  million  in  compensation  expense  related  to  the  Valence  Earnout  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023  and 
2021, respectively, and a $3.4 million reversal of compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In conjunction with the 2020 acquisition of TRS, additional cash of $7.0 million may be earned by certain employees if a 
revenue  threshold  is  exceeded  during  the  three-year  post-acquisition  period  to  the  extent  they  are  employed  by  the 
Company  at  the  time  of  payment  (the  "TRS  Earnout").  Amounts  estimated  to  be  payable,  if  any,  are  recorded  as 
compensation expense on the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service period, and will be paid 
by April 3, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the Company expects the maximum amount of $7.0 million will be earned 
and has accrued $6.5 million related to this additional cash payment. The Company recorded $2.2 million, $2.1 million 
and $2.2 million in compensation expense related to the TRS Earnout for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 
and 2021, respectively.

In conjunction with the 2019 acquisition of Weeden & Co., the Company entered into acquisition-related compensation 
arrangements  with  certain  Weeden  &  Co.  equity  owners,  a  portion  of  whom  are  now  employees  of  the  Company. 
Additional cash of up to $31.5 million was available to be earned if a net revenue target was achieved during the period 
from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021 (the "Weeden Earnout"). The Company paid $31.5 million related to the Weeden 
Earnout  in  2021.  Amounts  payable  to  employees  were  recorded  as  compensation  expense  on  the  consolidated 
statements  of  operations  over  the  requisite  service  period.  Amounts  payable  to  non-employee  equity  holders  were 
recorded as a liability as of the acquisition date and adjusted through the statement of operations for any changes after 
the acquisition date. The Company recorded $6.5 million in non-interest expenses related to the Weeden Earnout for 
the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company also granted restricted cash in conjunction with the acquisitions of Sandler O'Neill and Weeden & Co. for 
retention purposes. The restricted cash awards were amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over 
each respective vesting period. The restricted cash of $17.0 million related to the acquisition of Sandler O'Neill vested 
and was paid in 2021. The restricted cash of $10.1 million related to the acquisition of Weeden & Co. was subject to 
graded  vesting,  beginning  on  the  third  anniversary  of  the  grant  date  through August  2,  2023.  The  final  payment  was 
made in 2023.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 20 | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 

The Company has various employee benefit plans, and substantially all employees are covered by at least one plan. 
The plans include health and welfare plans and a tax-qualified retirement plan (the "Retirement Plan"). During the years 
ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  incurred  employee  benefits  expenses  of  $35.9  million, 
$33.8 million and $35.9 million, respectively.

Health and Welfare Plans

Company  employees  who  meet  certain  work  schedule  and  service  requirements  are  eligible  to  participate  in  the 
Company's health and welfare plans. The Company subsidizes the cost of coverage for employees. The health plans 
contain cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance.

The  Company  is  self-insured  for  losses  related  to  health  claims,  although  it  obtains  third-party  stop  loss  insurance 
coverage  on  both  an  individual  and  a  group  plan  basis.  Self-insured  liabilities  are  based  on  a  number  of  factors, 
including historical claims experience, an estimate of claims incurred but not reported and valuations provided by third-
party  actuaries.  For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  recognized  expense  of 
$20.9 million, $19.7 million and $20.0 million, respectively, in compensation and benefits expense on the consolidated 
statements of operations related to its health plans.

Retirement Plan

The Retirement Plan is a defined contribution retirement savings plan. The defined contribution retirement savings plan 
allows qualified employees, at their option, to make contributions through salary deductions under Section 401(k) of the 
Internal Revenue Code. Employee contributions are 100 percent matched by the Company to a maximum of six percent 
of  recognized  compensation  up  to  the  social  security  taxable  wage  base.  The  Retirement  Plan  also  provides  for  a 
discretionary  profit  sharing  contribution  by  the  Company.  Payment  and  amount  of  the  profit  sharing  contribution  are 
determined annually on a discretionary basis. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not 
make  a  profit  sharing  contribution.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  contributed  two  percent  of 
recognized  compensation  up  to  the  social  security  taxable  wage  base  for  each  eligible  employee  related  to  the  profit 
sharing contribution. Although the Company's matching and profit sharing contributions vest immediately, a participant 
must be employed on December 31 to receive that year's employer contributions. 

NOTE 21 | RESTRUCTURING AND INTEGRATION COSTS 

The Company incurred the following restructuring and integration costs:

(Amounts in thousands)
Severance, benefits and outplacement

Vacated leased office space

Contract termination
Total restructuring costs

Integration costs

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

6,658  $ 

652  $ 

896 

109 
7,663 

86 

5,616 

— 
6,268 

5,172 

317 

3,404 

— 
3,721 

1,003 

4,724 

Total restructuring and integration costs

$ 

7,749  $ 

11,440  $ 

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 22 | INCOME TAXES 

Income tax expense is provided using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized 
for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between amounts reported for income 
tax  purposes  and  financial  statement  purposes,  using  enacted  tax  rates  expected  to  apply  to  taxable  income  in  the 
years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The components of income tax expense are as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Current

Federal

State

Foreign

Total current

Deferred
Federal

State

Foreign

Total deferred

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

3,988  $ 

44,769  $ 

124,389 

5,292 

684 

9,964 

11,856 

1,546 

247 

13,649 

19,237 

2,390 

66,396 

36,793 

3,818 

165,000 

(20,500)   

(9,207)   

(3,500)   

(33,207)   

(41,980) 

(10,874) 

(1,002) 

(53,856) 

Total income tax expense

$ 

23,613  $ 

33,189  $ 

111,144 

A reconciliation of federal income taxes at statutory rates to the Company's effective tax rates is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

Federal income tax expense at statutory rates

$ 

25,743  $ 

28,218  $ 

92,718 

Increase/(decrease) in taxes resulting from:

State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit

Net tax-exempt interest income

Foreign jurisdictions tax rate differential

Non-deductible compensation
Change in valuation allowance

Vestings of stock awards

Income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

Other, net

Total income tax expense

7,994 

(1,613)   

993 

3,645 
(159)   

(13,714)   

(2,831)   

3,555 

7,501 

(1,449)   

1,152 

4,602 
(4,935)   

(5,646)   

1,994 

1,752 

19,020 

(754) 

978 

9,013 
49 

(2,732) 

(10,889) 

3,741 

$ 

23,613  $ 

33,189  $ 

111,144 

In accordance with ASC 740, U.S. income taxes are not provided on undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries 
that are permanently reinvested. As of December 31, 2023, no deferred taxes have been provided for withholding taxes 
or other taxes that would result upon repatriation of the Company's foreign earnings to the U.S.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of 
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for the same items for income tax reporting 
purposes. The net deferred income tax assets consisted of the following items:

(Amounts in thousands)

Deferred tax assets

Deferred compensation

Accrued lease liabilities

Goodwill tax basis in excess of book basis

Net operating loss carryforwards

Liabilities/accruals not currently deductible

Other

Total deferred tax assets

Valuation allowance

Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance

Deferred tax liabilities

Right-of-use lease assets

Unrealized gains on firm investments

Fixed assets

Other

Total deferred tax liabilities

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

131,791  $ 

141,160 

21,850 

43,630 

1,301 

5,616 

5,336 

25,428 

47,463 

3,659 

2,667 

6,781 

209,524 

227,158 

— 

(159) 

209,524 

226,999 

16,055 

5,318 

8,451 

493 

30,317 

20,010 

5,532 

9,891 

564 

35,997 

Net deferred tax assets

$ 

179,207  $ 

191,002 

The  realization  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  assessed  and  a  valuation  allowance  is  recorded  to  the  extent  that  it  is  more 
likely than not that any portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company believes that its future tax 
profits will be sufficient to recognize its deferred tax assets. 

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, which requires tax 
reserves to be recorded for uncertain tax positions on the consolidated statements of financial condition. A reconciliation 
of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)

Balance at December 31, 2020

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Additions for tax positions of prior years

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

Settlements

Balance at December 31, 2021

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Additions for tax positions of prior years

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

Settlements

Balance at December 31, 2022

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
Additions for tax positions of prior years

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

Settlements

Balance at December 31, 2023

$ 

104 

— 

1,743 

(38) 

(66) 

$ 

1,743 

— 

408 

— 

— 

$ 

2,151 

— 
— 

(42) 

(305) 

1,804 

$ 

As  of  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  $1.8  million  and  $2.2  million,  respectively,  of  the  Company's  unrecognized  tax 
benefits included above would impact the annual effective rate, if recognized. 

The  Company  recognizes  interest  and  penalties  accrued  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  as  a  component  of 
income  tax  expense. The  Company  had  $0.4  million,  $0.4  million  and  $0.3  million  accrued  related  to  the  payment  of 
interest and penalties at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company or one of its subsidiaries files 
income tax returns with the various states and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company is not 
subject to examination by U.S. federal tax authorities for years before 2020 and is not subject to examination by state 
and  local  or  non-U.S.  tax  authorities  for  taxable  years  before  2018.  The  Company  anticipates  the  majority  of  its 
uncertain income tax positions will be resolved within the next twelve months.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 23 | EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies by the 
weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  for  the  period.  Diluted  earnings  per  common  share  is 
calculated by adjusting the weighted average outstanding shares to assume conversion of all potentially dilutive stock 
options, restricted stock units and restricted shares. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate diluted 
earnings per common share.

The computation of EPS is as follows:

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

85,491  $ 

110,674  $ 

278,514 

Shares for basic and diluted calculations

Average shares used in basic computation

Stock options

Restricted stock units

Restricted shares

Average shares used in diluted computation

Earnings per common share

Basic

Diluted

14,958 

13,982 

14,265 

25 

163 

2,079 
17,224 

16 

196 

2,771 
16,965 

14 

187 

2,488 
16,955 

$ 

$ 

5.72  $ 

4.96  $ 

7.92  $ 

6.52  $ 

19.52 

16.43 

The  anti-dilutive  effects  from  stock  options  and  restricted  shares  were  immaterial  for  the  years  ended  December  31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021.

NOTE 24 | NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND OTHER REGULATORY MATTERS 

Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  is  registered  as  a  securities  broker  dealer  with  the  SEC  and  is  a  member  of  various  SROs  and 
securities  exchanges.  The  Financial  Industry  Regulatory  Authority,  Inc.  ("FINRA")  serves  as  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.'s 
primary SRO. Piper Sandler & Co. is subject to the uniform net capital rule of the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. 
Piper Sandler & Co. has elected to use the alternative method permitted by the SEC rule which requires that it maintain 
minimum  net  capital  of  $1.0  million. Advances  to  affiliates,  repayment  of  subordinated  debt,  dividend  payments  and 
other equity withdrawals by Piper Sandler & Co. are subject to certain approvals, notifications and other provisions of 
SEC and FINRA rules. 

At December 31, 2023, net capital calculated under the SEC rule was $247.9 million, and exceeded the minimum net 
capital required under the SEC rule by $246.9 million.

The Company's committed line and revolving credit facility include covenants requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain 
a  minimum  regulatory  net  capital  of  $120  million.  The  Company's  fully  disclosed  clearing  agreement  with  Pershing 
includes a covenant requiring Piper Sandler & Co. to maintain excess net capital of $120 million.

Piper  Sandler  Ltd.,  a  broker  dealer  subsidiary  registered  in  the  U.K.,  is  subject  to  the  capital  requirements  of  the 
Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority. As of December 31, 2023, Piper Sandler Ltd. was 
in compliance with the capital requirements of the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.

Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited is licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, which is subject to 
the  liquid  capital  requirements  of  the  Securities  and  Futures  (Financial  Resources)  Rule  promulgated  under  the 
Securities and Futures Ordinance. At December 31, 2023, Piper Sandler Hong Kong Limited was in compliance with the 
liquid capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission.

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

NOTE 25 | PARENT COMPANY ONLY AND PSLS 

Parent Company Only

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition 

(Amounts in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment in and advances to subsidiaries

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Short-term financing
Long-term financing

Accrued compensation
Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

100  $ 

200 

1,147,090 

1,221,123 

14,346 

10,435 

$ 

1,161,536  $ 

1,231,758 

$ 

30,000  $ 
— 

42,698 
3,340 

76,038 

— 
125,000 

48,414 
4,271 

177,685 

Shareholders' equity

1,085,498 

1,054,073 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 

1,161,536  $ 

1,231,758 

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Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Condensed Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands)

Revenues

Dividends from subsidiaries

Interest income

Investment income/(loss)

Total revenues

Interest expense

Net revenues

Total non-interest expenses

Income before income tax expense and equity in income of 
subsidiaries
Income tax expense

Income of parent company

Equity in undistributed/(distributed in excess of) income of 
subsidiaries

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

118,934  $ 

172,383  $ 

74,456 

917 

1,823 

121,674 

6,083 

115,591 

6,319 

109,272 
28,957 
80,315 

5,176 

1,235 

(3,461)   

170,157 

6,759 

163,398 

4,497 

158,901 
41,050 
117,851 

508 

2,723 

77,687 

8,606 

69,081 

7,522 

61,559 
15,636 
45,923 

(7,177)   
110,674  $ 

232,591 
278,514 

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

85,491  $ 

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

Operating Activities

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by 
operating activities:
Stock-based compensation
Equity distributed in excess of/(in undistributed) income of 
subsidiaries

Net cash provided by operating activities

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$ 

85,491  $ 

110,674  $ 

278,514 

1,168 

941 

1,019 

(5,176)   
81,483 

7,177 
118,792 

(232,591) 
46,942 

Financing Activities

Net change in short-term financing

Repayment of long-term financing

Advances from subsidiaries

Payment of cash dividend

Repurchase of common stock

Net cash used in financing activities

30,000 

(125,000)   

— 

— 

168,541 

176,070 

(84,444)   

(70,680)   

(81,583)   

(107,528)   

(187,334)   

(118,792)   

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

(100)   

— 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$ 

200 

100  $ 

200 

200  $ 

— 

(70,000) 

192,309 

(99,350) 

(69,901) 

(46,942) 

— 

200 

200 

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PSLS

Piper Sandler Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Continued

Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

(Amounts in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Right-of-use lease assets

Fee receivables

Prepaid expenses

Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity

Accrued compensation
Accrued lease liabilities

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

Total liabilities

Shareholder's equity

December 31, December 31,

2023

2022

$ 

5,810  $ 

102 

1,329 

46 

910 

4,362 

514 

1,392 

115 

807 

$ 

$ 

8,197  $ 

7,190 

1,818  $ 
102 

1,443 
3,363 

2,998 
514 

373 
3,885 

4,834 

3,305 

Total liabilities and shareholder's equity

$ 

8,197  $ 

7,190 

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Piper Sandler Companies
Supplementary Data — Quarterly Information (unaudited)

2023 Fiscal Quarter

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenues

 First

 Second

 Third

 Fourth

$ 

300,544  $ 

291,331  $ 

292,031  $ 

474,207 

Interest expense

Net revenues

Total non-interest expenses

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)

Income tax expense/(benefit)

Net income/(loss)

Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

2,639 

297,905 

272,096 

25,809 

2,605 

288,726 

274,345 

14,381 

2,546 

289,485 

292,935 

(3,450)   

(7,637)   

(250)   

10,227 

33,446 

7,812 

14,631 

10,677 

(13,677)   

(17,555)   

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

25,634  $ 

3,954  $ 

3,878  $ 

2,356 

471,851 

386,005 

85,846 

21,273 

64,573 

12,548 

52,025 

Earnings per common share

Basic
Diluted

Dividends declared per common share

Weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding
Basic

Diluted

$ 

$ 

$ 

1.77  $ 

1.49  $ 

0.26  $ 

0.23  $ 

0.26  $ 

0.22  $ 

3.44 

3.00 

1.85  $ 

0.60  $ 

0.60  $ 

0.60 

14,507 

17,182 

15,066 

17,084 

15,105 

17,256 

15,143 

17,367 

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Total revenues

 First

 Second

 Third

 Fourth

$ 

352,846  $ 

354,546  $ 

334,402  $ 

393,324 

2022 Fiscal Quarter

Interest expense

Net revenues

Total non-interest expenses

Income before income tax expense

Income tax expense

Net income

Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

2,201 

350,645 

315,008 

35,637 

10,979 

24,658 
(11,993)   

2,355 

352,191 

315,031 

37,160 

9,385 

27,775 
6,385 

2,649 

331,753 

312,851 

18,902 

8,169 

10,733 
(3,799)   

2,275 

391,049 

348,379 

42,670 

4,656 

38,014 
(87) 

Net income attributable to Piper Sandler Companies

$ 

36,651  $ 

21,390  $ 

14,532  $ 

38,101 

Earnings per common share

Basic

Diluted

Dividends declared per common share

Weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding
Basic

Diluted

$ 

$ 

$ 

2.53  $ 

2.12  $ 

1.53  $ 

1.26  $ 

1.05  $ 

0.87  $ 

2.79 

2.25 

5.10  $ 

0.60  $ 

0.60  $ 

0.60 

14,481 

17,294 

14,018 

16,920 

13,775 

16,733 

13,663 

16,925 

Piper Sandler Companies  |  111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on 
Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

As  of  the  end  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report,  we  conducted  an  evaluation,  under  the  supervision  and  with  the 
participation  of  our  principal  executive  officer  and  our  principal  financial  officer,  of  our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  under  the  Exchange  Act).  Based  on  this  evaluation,  our 
principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are 
effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange 
Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and 
(b)  accumulated  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  principal  executive  officer  and  our  principal 
financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

During the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, there was no change in our system of internal 
control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially 
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control  Over  Financial  Reporting  and  the  attestation  report  of  our  independent 
registered public accounting firm on management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting are included 
in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K entitled "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" and are incorporated herein 
by reference.

Item 9B. Other Information.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated any "Rule 
10b5-1  trading  arrangement"  or  "non-Rule  10b5-1  trading  arrangement,"  as  each  term  is  defined  in  Item  408(a)  of 
Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent 
Inspections.

Not applicable.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  112

Table of Contents

PART III 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The  information  regarding  our  executive  officers  included  in  Part  I,  Item  1  of  this  Form  10-K  under  the  caption 
"Information About  our  Executive  Officers"  is  incorporated  herein  by  reference. The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy 
statement for our 2024 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 23, 2024, under the captions "Proposal One 
— Election of Directors," "Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Committees of 
the Board — Audit Committee," "Information Regarding the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Codes of 
Ethics and Business Conduct" and "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy  statement  for  our  2024  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  23, 
2024, under the captions "Executive Compensation," "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Compensation 
Committee  Interlocks  and  Insider  Participation,"  "Information  Regarding  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate 
Governance — Compensation Program for Non-Employee Directors" and "Information Regarding the Board of Directors 
and Corporate Governance — Non-Employee Director Compensation for 2023" is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and 
Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy  statement  for  our  2024  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  23, 
2024, under the captions "Security Ownership — Beneficial Ownership of Directors, Nominees and Executive Officers," 
"Security Ownership — Beneficial Owners of More than Five Percent of Our Common Stock," "Executive Compensation 
—  Outstanding  Equity  Awards  at  Fiscal  Year-End"  and  "Executive  Compensation  —  Equity  Compensation  Plan 
Information" is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and 
Director Independence.

The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy  statement  for  our  2024  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  23, 
2024,  under  the  captions  "Information  Regarding  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Corporate  Governance  —  Director 
Independence,"  "Certain  Relationships  and  Related Transactions  — Transactions  with  Related  Persons"  and  "Certain 
Relationships and Related Transactions — Review and Approval of Transactions with Related Persons" is incorporated 
herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The  information  in  the  definitive  proxy  statement  for  our  2024  annual  meeting  of  shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  23, 
2024, under the captions "Audit Committee Report and Payment of Fees to Our Independent Auditor — Auditor Fees" 
and  "Audit  Committee  Report  and  Payment  of  Fees  to  Our  Independent  Auditor  —  Auditor  Services  Pre-Approval 
Policy" is incorporated herein by reference.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  113

Table of Contents

PART IV 

Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)(1)    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

The Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference and included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 
10-K.

(a)(2)    FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

All financial statement schedules for the Company have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the 
related footnotes, or are either inapplicable or not required.

(a)(3)    EXHIBITS.

Number Description

2.1

2.2

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

Separation and Distribution Agreement dated as of December 23, 2003, between U.S. Bancorp and Piper 
Sandler Companies (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-
K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 8, 2004). #

Agreement  and  Plans  of  Merger,  dated  July  9,  2019,  by  and  among  Piper  Sandler  Companies,  SOP 
Holdings,  LLC,  Sandler  O’Neill  &  Partners  Corp.,  Sandler  O’Neill  &  Partners,  L.P.  and  the  other  parties 
thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 
10, 2019). #

Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  the 
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 18, 2023).

Amended  and  Restated  Bylaws  (as  of  February  9,  2023)  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  to  the 
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2023).

Form  of  Specimen  Certificate  for  Piper  Sandler  Companies  Common  Stock  (incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit  4.1  to  the  Company's Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31,  2017, 
filed February 26, 2018).

Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 
10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020).

Form  of  director  indemnification  agreement  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  its  directors 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 17, 
2014). †

Office Lease Agreement, dated May 30, 2012, by and among Piper Sandler & Co. and Wells REIT – 800 
Nicollett Avenue Owner, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K, filed June 1, 2012).

Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended 
and restated May 17, 2023) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K, filed May 18, 2023). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2019  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  10.14  to  the  Company's Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  December  31, 
2018, filed February 26, 2019). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2020  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, 
filed February 28, 2020). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2021  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, 
filed February 25, 2021). †

Piper Sandler Companies  |  114

Table of Contents

Number Description

10.7

10.8

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2022  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, 
filed February 25, 2022). †

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2023  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, 
filed February 24, 2023). †

10.9

Form  of  Performance  Share  Unit  Agreement  for  2024  Leadership  Team  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan. †*

10.10 Piper  Sandler  Companies  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Non-Employee  Directors,  as  amended  and 
restated effective May 4, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report 
on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2016, filed August 5, 2016). †

10.11 Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program. †*

10.12

Form  of  Notice  Period  Agreement  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.16  to  the  Company's  Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, filed March 1, 2007). †

10.13 Amended  and  Restated  Credit  Agreement,  dated  December  20,  2022,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler 
Companies  and  U.S.  Bank  National  Association  (as  conformed  through  the  Second  Amendment  to 
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 8, 2023). *

10.14 Amended  and  Restated  Loan Agreement,  dated  December  28,  2012,  between  Piper  Sandler  &  Co.  and 
U.S.  Bank  National Association  (as  conformed  through  the  Tenth Amendment  to Amended  and  Restated 
Loan Agreement, dated December 9, 2022) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed February 24, 2023).

10.15 Eleventh  Amendment  to  Amended  and  Restated  Loan  Agreement,  dated  December  8,  2023,  by  and 

between Piper Sandler & Co. and U.S. Bank National Association. *

10.16 Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan, effective 
as of November 16, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed February 24, 2023). †

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

10.22

10.23

Form  of  Non-Qualified  Stock  Option  Agreement  for  2018  Promotional  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler 
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 9, 2018). †

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement for 2023 Special Grant under the Piper Sandler Companies 
Amended  and  Restated  2003 Annual  and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit 
10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2023). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2019 
(related to performance in 2018) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.39  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2018, filed February 26, 2019). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2020 
(related to performance in 2019) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.34  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020). † 

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2021 
(related to performance in 2020) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.31  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2020, filed February 25, 2021). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2022 
(related to performance in 2021) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.31  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2021, filed February 25, 2022). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2023 
(related to performance in 2022) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Investment  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference  to  Exhibit  10.21  to  the  Company's  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
December 31, 2022, filed February 24, 2023). †

Piper Sandler Companies  |  115

Table of Contents

Number Description

10.24

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  and  Mutual  Fund  Restricted  Share  Agreement  for  Employee  Grants  in  2024 
(related to performance in 2023) under the Piper Sandler Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual 
and Long-Term Incentive Plan and Mutual Fund Restricted Share Investment Plan. †*

10.25 Piper Sandler Companies 2019 Employment Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 

4.4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed March 13, 2019). †

10.26

10.27

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2019  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Registration Statement 
on Form S-8, filed March 13, 2019). †

Letter Agreement,  dated  July  8,  2019,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  Jonathan  J.  Doyle 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 6, 
2020). †

10.28 Amendment  Letter,  dated  March  10,  2021,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler  Companies  and  Jonathan  J. 
Doyle (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 
period ended March 31, 2021, filed May 6, 2021). †

10.29 Equity  Consideration  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  dated  July  9,  2019,  by  and  between  Piper  Sandler 
Companies  and  Jonathan  J.  Doyle  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.39  to  the  Company's Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed February 28, 2020). †

10.30 Piper Sandler Companies 2020 Employment Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 

4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †

10.31

10.32

10.33

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (18-Month Cliff Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s 
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). † 

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement Award  Plan  (3-Year  Cliff  Vesting)  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.6  to  the  Company’s 
Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †

Form  of  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  for  Grants  under  the  Piper  Sandler  Companies  2020  Employment 
Inducement Award Plan (Years 3, 4 and 5 Pro-rata Vesting) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the 
Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed November 29, 2019). †

10.34 Piper Sandler Companies 2022 Employment Inducement Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 

4.5 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed September 23, 2022). †

10.35

Letter Agreement, dated August 8, 2023, by and between Piper Sandler Companies and Katherine P. Clune 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 
12, 2023). †

21.1

23.1

24.1
31.1

31.2
32.1

97.1

101

Subsidiaries of Piper Sandler Companies *

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP *

Power of Attorney *

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. * 

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. *
Section 1350 Certifications. **

Piper Sandler Companies Incentive Compensation Recovery Policy for Accounting Restatements. *

The following financial information from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
2023, formatted in iXBRL (inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements 
of Financial Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of 
Comprehensive  Income,  (iv)  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Changes  in  Shareholders'  Equity,  (v)  the 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. *

104

The cover page from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in 
iXBRL and included in Exhibit 101. *

The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission upon request any omitted exhibit or schedule.

This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or agreement.

Filed herewith.

# 

† 

* 

**  This information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the 

Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

Piper Sandler Companies  |  116

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  the  registrant  has  duly 
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 26, 2024. 

SIGNATURES

PIPER SANDLER COMPANIES

By

/s/ Chad R. Abraham

Name

Chad R. Abraham

Its

  Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 26, 2024. 

SIGNATURE

/s/ Chad R. Abraham

Chad R. Abraham

/s/ Katherine P. Clune

Katherine P. Clune

/s/ Jonathan J. Doyle

Jonathan J. Doyle

/s/ William R. Fitzgerald

William R. Fitzgerald

/s/ Victoria M. Holt

Victoria M. Holt

/s/ Robbin Mitchell

Robbin Mitchell

/s/ Thomas S. Schreier Jr.

Thomas S. Schreier Jr.

/s/ Sherry M. Smith

Sherry M. Smith

/s/ Philip E. Soran

Philip E. Soran

/s/ Brian R. Sterling

Brian R. Sterling

/s/ Scott C. Taylor

Scott C. Taylor

TITLE

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Piper Sandler Companies  |  117

 
Shareholder information

Corporate Headquarters

Piper Sandler Companies
Mail Stop J12NSH
800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 900
Minneapolis, MN  55402
612 303-6000

Company Website

www.pipersandler.com

Common Stock Listing

New York Stock Exchange (symbol: PIPR)

Stock Transfer Agent and Registrar 

Broadridge acts as transfer agent and registrar for Piper 
Sandler Companies and maintains all shareholder records 
for the company. If you have questions regarding the Piper 
Sandler Companies stock you own, stock transfers, 
address corrections or changes, lost stock certificates or 
duplicate mailings, please contact Broadridge.

Online: 
shareholder.broadridge.com/PIPR

Telephone:
Toll-Free
Outside of U.S. 
Shareowner relations specialists available 
Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET

800 872-4409
720 501-4324

Written correspondence:
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc
PO Box 1342
Brentwood, NY  11717

Certified and overnight delivery:
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc
ATTN: IWS
1155 Long Island Avenue
Edgewood, NY  11717

Independent Accountants

Ernst & Young LLP

Investor Inquiries

Shareholders, securities analysts and investors seeking 
more information about the company should contact Kate 
Clune, chief financial officer, at 212 466-7799 or 
investorrelations@psc.com; or the corporate headquarters 
address.

Website Access to SEC Reports and Corporate 
Governance Information

Piper Sandler Companies makes available free of charge 
on its website, www.pipersandler.com, its annual reports 
on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current 
reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports 
filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as well as 
all other reports filed by Piper Sandler Companies with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission, as soon as 
reasonably practicable after it electronically files them with, 
or furnishes them to, the Securities and Exchange 
Commission. These reports are also available at the 
Securities and Exchange Commission website, 
www.sec.gov.

Piper Sandler Companies also makes available free of 
charge on its website the company’s codes of ethics and 
business conduct, its corporate governance principles and 
the charters of the audit, compensation, and nominating 
and governance committees of the board of directors. 
Printed copies of these materials will be mailed upon 
request. 

Dividends

Piper Sandler Companies began paying cash dividends on 
its common stock in 2017. The decision to pay future 
dividends is at the discretion of the board of directors.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report and the preceding letter to shareholders contain forward-looking statements. Statements that are not 
historical or current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements and are subject
to significant risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. A number of these risks and uncertainties are described in our 
reports filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2023. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no 
obligation to update them in light of new information or future events.