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Post

post · NYSE Consumer Defensive
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Sector Consumer Defensive
Industry Packaged Foods
Employees 5001-10,000
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FY2023 Annual Report · Post
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Post Holdings, Inc. 2023 Annual Report

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Net Sales by Segment(1)

POST CONSUMER BRANDS

30%

Ready-to-Eat Cereals and Nut Butters

FOODSERVICE

31%

20%

Pet Foods

WEETABIX

6%

REFRIGERATED RETAIL

13%

Net Sales  
($ in millions)

Adjusted EBITDA(2)  
($ in millions)

Operating Cash Flow  
($ in millions)

 6,991.0 

750.3

1,233.4

5,851.2 

4,980.7 

963.5

889.4

 362.1 

384.2 

2021

2022

2023

2021

2022

2023

2021

2022

2023

POST HOLDINGS, INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT   1

Driving success  
by going beyond  
traditional  
boundaries.  
Again.

Financial Highlights  
(in millions except per share data)

     Net Sales

     Gross Profit

     Operating Profit

     Net Earnings from Continuing Operations

2021

2022

2023

 $4,980.7 

 $5,851.2 

 $6,991.0 

1,428.1

487.7

 104.9 

1,467.5

1,881.7

415.6

735.0

598.9

301.3

     Diluted Earnings from Continuing Operations per Common Share

 $      1.44 

 $   11.75 

 $     4.82 

     Operating Cash Flow from Continuing Operations

     Adjusted EBITDA(2)

     Adjusted Net Earnings from Continuing Operations(2)

 362.1 

889.4

74.6

384.2 

963.5

 105.5 

750.3

1,233.4

358.1

     Adjusted Diluted Earnings from Continuing Operations per Common Share(2)

 $      1.14

 $      1.68

 $      5.34

2   POST HOLDINGS, INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT

POST CONSUMER BRANDS

Ready-to-Eat Cereals and Nut Butters

Pet Foods

20%

#3

branded dollar market share in  
RTE cereal(3)

branded U.S. pet food manufacturer  
by volume(4)

To Our Shareholders,

Post had a terrific fiscal 2023. 
Our financial results exceeded 
both our initial and updated 
expectations, and we entered 
an exciting new category in  
pet food. 

Foodservice delivered outsized performance in 2023, 
earning approximately $480 million in Adjusted 
EBITDA.(2) While we consider a portion of these 
earnings to be transitory as we priced through the 
dynamics of avian influenza, the recovery in the base 
Foodservice business from the depths of the pandemic 
has been nothing short of remarkable. Demand for on-
the-go options in the breakfast daypart remains strong, 
and our Foodservice customers opt for the convenience 
afforded to them by our products.

Our Refrigerated Retail platform has been 
navigating the effects of price elasticities on our core 
side dish products. Throughout the year, volumes in the 
segment were challenged; however, Refrigerated Retail 
earned approximately $147 million in Adjusted EBITDA(2) 
through production efficiencies and cost reductions.

POST HOLDINGS, INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT   3

WEETABIX

FOODSERVICE

REFRIGERATED RETAIL

#1

80% 15%

RTE cereal brand in  
the U.K.(5)

of foodservice eggs are 
value-added product(6)

household penetration of 
Bob Evans branded side  
dish products(7)

Last year, we wrote about the turbulent conditions 
in the United Kingdom. Over the course of the ensuing 
year, the economic environment seems to have found 
more stable footing, albeit at a place where consumers are 
still significantly constrained. This created a challenging 
backdrop for our Weetabix business as volumes and 
mix were under pressure all year. On the strength of our 
overall performance, we made discretionary investments 
in this business, which we expect will set us up for 
improved performance in fiscal 2024.

Our North American cereal business had another 
solid year. We held share in a category that retreated 
from post-pandemic gains and restored some margin 
lost to inflationary pressures. A major highlight for the 
year was growth in our Post Consumer Brands platform 
through a major acquisition.

In February, we announced our agreement to 
acquire several pet food brands from The J. M. Smucker 
Company. We have long been interested in the pet  
food category but had been unable to find an attractive 
entry point. The combination of scale and price in  
this transaction gave us the opportunity to enter  
the category in a way that positions us for both  
organic and inorganic growth. We later announced a 
second pet acquisition, Perfection Pet Foods, which 
closed in early December.

Our new pet food business had an exceptional  
year and performed well above our underwriting case. 
When we made the acquisition, we believed that the 
right attention and positioning would unleash the 
potential of these brands. While there is significant 
work still to be done on this front, our first few 

4   POST HOLDINGS, INC. 2023 ANNUAL REPORT

We continue  
to unleash  
the potential  
of our platform.

quarters of ownership have shown the earning power  
of this business, and we are excited for what the  
future holds.

In acquiring the pet food assets, we issued 
approximately 5.4 million shares of Post common 
stock as a portion of the consideration. Food company 
stocks fared poorly this year (although ours better than 
most). We took advantage of the market weakness to 
repurchase on the open market an equivalent amount 
of most of the issued shares, synthetically converting 
our purchase price to nearly an all-cash transaction. 
Equally important, we generated sufficient Adjusted 
EBITDA and free cash flow to also reduce our net 
leverage(2) from 5.6x to 4.6x. We expect to further 
reduce leverage in light of an increase in the overall 
cost of debt. Recall that we have used long-dated 
liabilities to finance our business. This gives us plenty 
of time to react to changes in the capital markets. 

On a personal note, after year-end, I received a 

a strategic and operational perspective. I am as engaged 
as possible and expect to return after successful 
treatment. I am grateful for the many notes of 
encouragement I have received. 

As always, whether in facing personal adversity or 
in guiding our company, I thank you for your support.

Robert V. Vitale
President and Chief Executive Officer

surprising cancer diagnosis. While I am in treatment, 
the company remains in excellent hands — both from  

William P. Stiritz
Chairman of the Board

UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023 
or 

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number: 1-35305 
______________________

POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
_______________________

Missouri
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

45-3355106
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2503 S. Hanley Road 
St. Louis, Missouri 63144 
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (314) 644-7600 
_______________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value

Trading Symbol(s)
POST
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None
_______________________

Name of each exchange on which registered
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ☒  Yes   ☐ No 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ☐  Yes    ☒  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such 
filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 
of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit 
such files).    ☒  Yes   ☐  No 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or 
an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging 
growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer

☒
☐

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

☐
☐
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any 
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 
control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that 
prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in 
the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation 
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No 
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 31, 2023, the last business day of 
the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $4,743,630,588. 
Number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of November 13, 2023: 60,354,354 

Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 30, 2023, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements    ........................................................................................................
Risk Factors Summary    ...........................................................................................................................................................

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PART I

Item 1.
Business   ...............................................................................................................................................................
Item 1A. Risk Factors    .........................................................................................................................................................
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments     ................................................................................................................................
Item 1C. Cybersecurity   .......................................................................................................................................................
Properties    .............................................................................................................................................................
Item 2.
Legal Proceedings    ................................................................................................................................................
Item 3.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures   ......................................................................................................................................

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities     ..............................................................................................................................................................
Item 6.
[Reserved]    ............................................................................................................................................................
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    ..............................
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   .............................................................................
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data  ....................................................................................................
Item 8.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure   .............................
Item 9.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures     ......................................................................................................................................
Item 9B. Other Information    ................................................................................................................................................

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections    .................................................................

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ...................................................................................
Executive Compensation     .....................................................................................................................................
Item 11.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters   ............
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence      ....................................................
Principal Accountant Fees and Services  ..............................................................................................................
Item 14.

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54
56
110
110
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110

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PART IV

Item 15.
Item 16.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    .......................................................................................................
Form 10-K Summary    ...........................................................................................................................................
Signatures    .............................................................................................................................................................

111
115
116

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Forward-looking  statements,  within  the  meaning  of  Section  27A  of  the  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as  amended,  and 
Section  21E  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  are  made  throughout  this  report.  These  forward-looking 
statements are sometimes identified from the use of forward-looking words such as “believe,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” 
“continue,”  “expect,”  “project,”  “estimate,”  “predict,”  “anticipate,”  “aim,”  “intend,”  “plan,”  “forecast,”  “target,”  “is  likely,” 
“will,” “can,” “may” or “would” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions elsewhere in this report. Our financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows may differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this report. Such 
statements  are  based  on  management’s  current  views  and  assumptions  and  involve  risks  and  uncertainties  that  could  affect 
expected results. Those risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: 

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consumer and customer reaction to our pricing actions;

changes in economic conditions, financial instability, disruptions in capital and credit markets, changes in interest 
rates and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

volatility in the cost or availability of inputs to our businesses (including raw materials, energy and other supplies 
and freight);

disruptions or inefficiencies in our supply chain, inflation, labor shortages, public health crises, climatic events, 
avian influenza and other agricultural diseases and pests, fires and other events beyond our control;

our  ability  to  hire  and  retain  talented  personnel,  leaves  of  absence  of  key  employees,  increases  in  labor-related 
costs, employee safety, labor strikes, work stoppages and unionization efforts;

our reliance on third parties for the manufacture of many of our products;

our high leverage, our ability to obtain additional financing and service our outstanding debt (including covenants 
restricting the operation of our businesses) and a potential downgrade in our credit ratings;

our  and  our  private  brand  customers’  ability  to  compete  in  their  product  categories,  including  the  success  of 
pricing, advertising and promotional programs and the ability to anticipate and respond to changes in consumer 
and customer preferences and behaviors; 

the success of new product introductions;

allegations that our products cause injury or illness, product recalls and withdrawals, product liability claims and 
other related litigation;

compliance with existing and changing laws and regulations;

the impact of litigation;

our  ability  to  complete  the  acquisition  of  substantially  all  of  the  assets  of  Perfection  Pet  Foods,  LLC 
(“Perfection”), successfully integrate the pet food assets and operations recently acquired from The J. M. Smucker 
Company  (“Smucker,”  and  the  assets  and  operations  acquired,  “Pet  Food”)  and  the  assets  from  the  pending 
Perfection  acquisition,  deliver  on  the  expected  financial  contribution,  cost  savings  and  synergies  from  these 
acquisitions  and  maintain  relationships  with  employees,  customers  and  suppliers  for  the  acquired  businesses, 
while maintaining focus on our pre-acquisition businesses;

our and Smucker’s ability to comply with certain ancillary agreements associated with the Pet Food acquisition;

our  ability  to  identify,  complete  and  integrate  or  otherwise  effectively  execute  acquisitions  or  other  strategic 
transactions;

our ability to successfully implement business strategies to reduce costs;

differences in our actual operating results from any of our guidance regarding our future performance;

impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or other intangibles;

risks related to the intended tax treatment of our divestitures of our interest in BellRing Brands, Inc.; 

the loss of, a significant reduction of purchases by or the bankruptcy of a major customer; 

costs,  business  disruptions  and  reputational  damage  associated  with  cybersecurity  incidents,  information 
technology failures or information security breaches;

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costs associated with the obligations of Bob Evans Farms, Inc. (“Bob Evans”) in connection with the sale of its 
restaurants  business,  including  certain  indemnification  obligations  and  Bob  Evans’s  payment  and  performance 
obligations as a guarantor for certain leases;

our ability to protect our intellectual property and other assets and to license third-party intellectual property;

risks associated with our international businesses;

business  disruption  or  other  losses  from  political  instability,  terrorism,  war  or  armed  hostilities  or  geopolitical 
tensions;

changes in critical accounting estimates;

losses or increased funding and expenses related to our qualified pension or other postretirement plans;

conflicting interests or the appearance of conflicting interests resulting from any of our directors and officers also 
serving as directors or officers of other companies; and

other risks and uncertainties included under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report.

You  should  not  rely  upon  forward-looking  statements  as  predictions  of  future  events.  Although  we  believe  that  the 
expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of 
activity,  performance  or  events  and  circumstances  reflected  in  the  forward-looking  statements  will  be  achieved  or  occur. 
Moreover, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this 
report to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

2

RISK FACTORS SUMMARY

We are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including operating and market risks, industry risks, strategic risks, 
financial  risks,  legal  and  regulatory  risks  and  certain  general  risks,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows.  Risks  that  we  deem  material  are  described  under  “Risk 
Factors” in Item 1A of this report. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: 

• Measures  taken  to  offset  the  impact  of  adverse  macroeconomic  conditions  to  maintain  our  profitability,  including 
increasing  prices  or  decreasing  product  sizes,  may  be  ineffective,  inadequate  or  unavailable  or  may  otherwise 
adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 

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Deterioration  of  general  macroeconomic  conditions,  including  periods  of  inflation,  rising  interest  rates,  volatility  in 
capital  markets,  an  economic  recession  or  economic  uncertainty,  could  harm  our  businesses,  financial  condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. 

Increased  costs  for  raw  materials,  energy  and  other  supplies,  or  limited  availability  of  such  inputs,  could  negatively 
impact our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Disruption  of  our  supply  chain  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows. 

• We  may  not  be  able  to  operate  successfully  if  we  lose  the  services  of  key  employees  or  are  unable  to  recruit,  hire, 

retain and develop a qualified and diverse workforce.

• We  are  currently  dependent  upon  third  parties  for  the  supply  of  materials  for  and  the  manufacture  of  many  of  our 
products.  Our  businesses  could  suffer  as  a  result  of  a  third  party’s  inability  to  supply  materials  for  our  products  or 
produce our products for us on time or to our specifications.

• We have substantial debt and high leverage, which could have a negative impact on our financing options and liquidity 

position and could adversely affect our businesses.

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Despite  our  current  level  of  indebtedness,  we  may  be  able  to  incur  substantially  more  debt,  which  could  further 
exacerbate the risks related to our debt and leverage.

The  agreements  governing  our  debt,  including  the  indentures  governing  our  senior  notes,  contain,  or  may  in  future 
financings contain, various covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions and also require us to meet financial 
maintenance tests, and failure to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse effect on us. 

• We operate in categories with strong competition. 

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United  States  and  global  capital  and  credit  market  issues  could  negatively  affect  our  liquidity,  increase  our  costs  of 
borrowing and disrupt the operations of our suppliers, third-party manufacturers, customers, distributors or financial 
institutions. 

Our financial results may be adversely affected by increases in freight costs or limited freight carrier availability.

• We must identify changing consumer and customer preferences and behaviors and develop and offer products to meet 

these preferences and behaviors. 

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Our  sales  and  profit  growth  are  dependent  upon  our  ability  to  expand  existing  market  penetration,  enter  into  new 
markets and enhance our product portfolio with innovative and profitable products.

If our products become adulterated or contaminated, or if they are misbranded or mislabeled, we might need to recall 
or withdraw those items and may experience product liability claims if consumers or their pets are injured.

Damage  to  our  reputation  could  adversely  impact  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash 
flows.

Violations of laws or regulations, as well as new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations or to 
interpretations thereof, could adversely affect our businesses. 

Agricultural diseases or pests could harm our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Pending and future litigation may impair our reputation or cause us to incur significant costs. 

• We  may  be  unable  to  successfully  integrate  the  Pet  Food  operations  and  realize  the  anticipated  benefits  of  the 

acquisition, or the parties may be unable to fulfill their obligations under agreements related to the acquisition. 

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Our  announced  acquisition  of  Perfection  is  subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  various  closing  conditions  and  may  not  be 
consummated, which could adversely impact our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows 
and the price of our common stock.

Our  business  strategy  depends  upon  us  identifying  and  completing  additional  acquisitions  and  other  strategic 
transactions.  We  may  not  be  able  to  successfully  consummate  favorable  strategic  transactions  in  the  future.  Our 
corporate  development  activities  also  may  have  an  adverse  impact  on  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows.

• We may experience difficulties in integrating acquired businesses, or acquisitions may not perform as expected.

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Unsuccessful implementation of business strategies to reduce costs, or unintended consequences of the implementation 
of such strategies, may adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance and forward-looking statements. 

Impairment  in  the  carrying  value  of  intangible  assets  could  negatively  impact  our  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.  If  our  goodwill  or  other  intangible  assets  become  impaired,  we  will  be  required  to  record  impairment 
charges, which may be significant.

If the transactions we undertook relating to divestitures of our interest in BellRing Brands, Inc. do not qualify for their 
intended tax treatment, we may incur significant tax liabilities. 

Increases in labor-related costs, including the costs of medical and other employee health and welfare benefits, may 
reduce our profitability. 

Our  Post  Consumer  Brands  and  Weetabix  segments  operate  in  the  mature  ready-to-eat  cereal  category,  and  the 
weakening of this category could materially adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows.

The loss of, a significant reduction of purchases by or the bankruptcy of a major customer may adversely affect our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, consolidation of our customer base, 
as well as competitive, economic and other pressures facing our customers, may hurt our volumes or profit margins. 

Technology failures or cybersecurity incidents could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our businesses. 

Our intellectual property rights are valuable and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products 
and brands. 

Termination of our material intellectual property licenses could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.

Labor strikes or work stoppages by our employees could harm our businesses.

Our international operations subject us to additional risks.

National  or  international  disputes,  political  instability,  terrorism,  war  or  armed  hostilities  may  cause  damage  or 
disruption to us and our employees, facilities, suppliers, customers and information systems and could adversely affect 
our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Public health crises may adversely impact our financial and operational performance.

Our  Company  has  overlapping  directors  and  management  with  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.  and  8th  Avenue  Food  & 
Provisions, Inc., each of which may lead to conflicting interests or the appearance of conflicting interests. 

Additional  risks  and  uncertainties  not  presently  known  to  us  or  that  we  currently  deem  immaterial  also  may  impair  our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

4

ITEM 1. 

BUSINESS

Introduction

PART I

We  are  a  consumer  packaged  goods  holding  company  with  businesses  operating  in  the  center-of-the-store,  refrigerated, 
foodservice  and  food  ingredient  categories.  We  also  participate  in  the  private  brand  food  category,  including  through  our 
ownership  interest  in  8th  Avenue  Food  &  Provisions,  Inc.  (“8th  Avenue”).  Unless  otherwise  stated  or  the  context  otherwise 
indicates,  all  references  in  this  Form  10-K  to  “Post,”  “the  Company,”  “us,”  “our”  or  “we”  mean  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  and  its 
consolidated subsidiaries. 

Post  is  a  Missouri  corporation  incorporated  on  September  22,  2011.  On  February  3,  2012,  Post  completed  its  legal 
separation via a tax free spin-off from its former parent company. On February 6, 2012, Post common stock began trading on 
the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “POST”. 

We operate in four reportable segments: 

•

Post Consumer Brands: Includes branded and private label ready-to-eat (“RTE”) cereals from the businesses of 
Post  Foods,  LLC,  MOM  Brands  Company,  LLC,  which  Post  acquired  in  May  2015,  Weetabix  North  America, 
which  Post  acquired  as  part  of  its  acquisition  of  Weetabix  Limited  in  July  2017  referred  to  below,  and  certain 
private label RTE cereal operations, which Post acquired in June 2021, peanut butter under the Peter Pan brand, 
which Post acquired in January 2021, and branded and private label pet food, the brands and operations of which 
Post acquired in April 2023 (“Pet Food”);

• Weetabix: Includes the businesses of Weetabix Limited, which Post acquired in July 2017 and which produces and 
distributes  branded  and  private  label  RTE  cereal,  hot  cereals  and  other  cereal-based  food  products,  breakfast 
drinks and muesli primarily outside of North America, and Lacka Foods Limited, which Post acquired in April 
2022  and  which  distributes  and  markets  protein-based  shakes  under  the  UFIT  brand  primarily  in  the  United 
Kingdom (the “U.K.”);

•

•

Foodservice: Includes primarily egg and potato products in the foodservice and food ingredient channels from the 
businesses  of  MFI  Holding  Corporation  (“Michael  Foods”),  which  Post  acquired  in  June  2014,  National 
Pasteurized  Eggs,  Inc.  (“NPE”),  which  Post  acquired  in  October  2016,  Bob  Evans  Farms,  Inc.  (“Bob  Evans”), 
which  Post  acquired  in  January  2018,  Henningsen  Foods,  Inc.,  which  Post  acquired  in  July  2020,  and  Almark 
Foods (“Almark”), which Post acquired in February 2021; and

Refrigerated Retail: Provides refrigerated retail products, inclusive of side dishes, eggs and egg products, sausage, 
cheese and other dairy and refrigerated products, from the businesses of Bob Evans, Michael Foods, including the 
business of Crystal Farms Dairy Company, which Post acquired as a part of its acquisition of Michael Foods in 
June 2014, NPE and Almark, as well as the Egg Beaters brand, which Post acquired in May 2021.

In October 2023, Post announced it had entered into an agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of Perfection Pet 
Foods,  LLC  (“Perfection”),  a  manufacturer  and  packager  of  private  label  and  co-manufactured  pet  food  and  baked  treat 
products. Upon closing of the Perfection acquisition, the financial results of Perfection are expected to be reported in the Post 
Consumer  Brands  segment.  Refer  to  “Risk  Factors”  in  Item  1A  of  this  report  for  a  discussion  of  certain  risks  related  to  the 
Perfection acquisition.

For  additional  information  regarding  our  reportable  segments,  refer  to  Note  21  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 

Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Recent Strategic Transactions

Post Holdings Partnering Corporation

In May and June 2021, Post and Post Holdings Partnering Corporation (“PHPC”), a special purpose acquisition company, 
consummated  the  initial  public  offering  of  34.5  million  units  of  PHPC  (the  “PHPC  Units,”  and  such  transaction,  the  “PHPC 
IPO”), of which a wholly-owned subsidiary of Post (“PHPC Sponsor”) purchased 4.0 million PHPC Units. Each PHPC Unit 
consisted of one share of Series A common stock of PHPC (“PHPC Series A Common Stock”) and one-third of one redeemable 
warrant  to  purchase  one  share  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock  at  an  exercise  price  of  $11.50  per  share  (the  “PHPC 
Warrants”). The PHPC Units, PHPC Series A Common Stock and PHPC Warrants each traded on the NYSE. Under the terms 
of  the  PHPC  IPO,  PHPC  was  required  to  consummate  a  partnering  transaction  by  May  28,  2023,  which  could  have  been 
extended to August 28, 2023 in certain circumstances (the “Combination Period”). 

Substantially concurrently with the closing of the PHPC IPO, PHPC completed a series of related transactions, including 
the  private  sale  of  1.1  million  units  of  PHPC  (the  “PHPC  Private  Placement  Units;”  each  PHPC  Private  Placement  Unit 

5

consisted of one share of PHPC Series A Common Stock and one-third of one redeemable warrant of PHPC to purchase one 
share of PHPC Series A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “PHPC Private Placement Warrants”)) to 
PHPC Sponsor (the “PHPC Private Placement”) and the entry into a forward purchase agreement with PHPC Sponsor, which 
provided for the purchase by PHPC Sponsor, at the election of PHPC, of up to 10.0 million units of PHPC (the “PHPC Forward 
Purchase Units,” with each PHPC Forward Purchase Unit consisting of one share of PHPC’s Series B common stock and one-
third  of  one  warrant  to  purchase  one  share  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock)  for  a  purchase  price  of  $10.00  per  PHPC 
Forward Purchase Unit, in a private placement to occur concurrently with the closing of PHPC’s partnering transaction.

In  addition,  Post,  through  PHPC  Sponsor’s  ownership  of  8.6  million  shares  of  Series  F  common  stock  of  PHPC  (the 
“PHPC Series F Common Stock”), had certain governance rights in PHPC relating to the election of PHPC directors and voting 
rights on amendments to PHPC’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Proceeds  of  $345.0  million  were  deposited  in  a  trust  account  established  for  the  benefit  of  PHPC’s  public  stockholders, 
which  consisted  of  certain  proceeds  from  the  PHPC  IPO  and  certain  proceeds  from  the  PHPC  Private  Placement,  net  of 
underwriters’  discounts  and  commissions  and  other  costs  and  expenses,  and  which  were  invested  only  in  U.S.  treasury 
securities. 

On May 11, 2023, PHPC announced that it would not complete a partnering transaction within the Combination Period and 
that  the  entity  would  liquidate  and  dissolve  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  its  amended  and  restated  certificate  of 
incorporation.  On  May  28,  2023,  the  PHPC  Warrants  and  the  PHPC  Private  Placement  Warrants  expired  worthless,  and  the 
Forward  Purchase  Agreement  terminated  in  accordance  with  its  terms,  as  PHPC  had  not  completed  a  partnering  transaction 
before  the  expiration  of  the  Combination  Period.  On  May  30,  2023,  PHPC  redeemed  all  of  the  outstanding  public  shares  of 
PHPC Series A Common Stock (the “PHPC Redemption”). Each share of PHPC Series A Common Stock was redeemed for 
approximately  $10.24  per  share,  representing  the  per  share  price  equal  to  the  aggregate  amount  then  on  deposit  in  the  trust 
account, including interest earned on the trust account not previously released to pay taxes or dissolution expenses, divided by 
the number of then outstanding shares of PHPC Series A Common Stock. Subsequent to the PHPC Redemption, PHPC delisted 
from the NYSE and dissolved in June 2023, and all classes of shares of PHPC equity were cancelled, including the shares of 
PHPC Series F Common Stock, which were surrendered by PHPC Sponsor for no consideration. PHPC Sponsor subsequently 
dissolved in August 2023.

For additional information regarding the PHPC IPO, the PHPC Redemption and related transactions, refer to Note 5 within 

“Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

BellRing Brands, Inc.

On  October  21,  2019,  the  initial  public  offering  of  a  minority  interest  in  our  historical  active  nutrition  business  was 
completed (the “BellRing IPO”). As a result of the BellRing IPO and certain other transactions completed in connection with 
the BellRing IPO (the “BellRing formation transactions”), BellRing Brands, Inc. (“Old BellRing”) became a holding company 
owning 28.8% of the non-voting membership units (the “BellRing LLC units”) of BellRing Brands, LLC and a publicly-traded 
company with its Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Old BellRing Class A Common Stock”), trading on 
the NYSE under the ticker symbol “BRBR”. Immediately after the BellRing IPO, Post owned 71.2% of the BellRing LLC units 
and  one  share  of  Old  BellRing’s  Class  B  common  stock,  $0.01  par  value  per  share  (the  “Old  BellRing  Class  B  Common 
Stock”). 

On March 9, 2022, Post contributed its share of Old BellRing Class B Common Stock, all of its BellRing LLC units and 
cash  to  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.  (formerly  known  as  BellRing  Distribution,  LLC)  (“BellRing”)  in  exchange  for  certain  limited 
liability  company  interests  in  BellRing  and  the  right  to  receive  $840.0  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  BellRing’s 
7.00% senior notes maturing in 2030 (the “BellRing Notes,” and such transactions are collectively referred to as the “BellRing 
Contribution”).  On  March  10,  2022,  BellRing  converted  into  a  Delaware  corporation  and  changed  its  name  to  “BellRing 
Brands, Inc.”, and Post consummated the distribution of 80.1% of its ownership interest in BellRing common stock, $0.01 par 
value  per  share  (“BellRing  Common  Stock”),  to  Post’s  shareholders  (the  “BellRing  Distribution,”  and  such  transaction,  the 
BellRing  Contribution,  the  BellRing  Merger  (as  defined  below)  and  the  “Debt-for-Debt  Exchange”  (which  refers  to  Post’s 
delivery of the BellRing Notes to certain of its lenders in full satisfaction of certain of its debt obligations on March 10, 2022, 
as  described  in  more  detail  in  Note  16  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report)  are 
collectively  referred  to  as  the  “BellRing  Spin-off”).  Upon  completion  of  the  BellRing  Distribution,  BellRing  Merger  Sub 
Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BellRing, merged with and into Old BellRing (the “BellRing Merger”), with Old 
BellRing  continuing  as  the  surviving  corporation  and  becoming  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  BellRing.  Pursuant  to  the 
BellRing Merger, each outstanding share of Old BellRing Class A Common Stock was converted into one share of BellRing 
Common Stock plus $2.97 in cash. As a result of the BellRing Spin-off, BellRing became the holding company for the legacy 
Old BellRing business. Immediately following the BellRing Spin-off, Post owned 14.2% of the BellRing Common Stock, and 
Post shareholders owned 57.3% of the BellRing Common Stock. The former Old BellRing stockholders owned 28.5% of the 
BellRing Common Stock, maintaining the same effective percentage ownership interest in the BellRing business as prior to the 

6

BellRing Spin-off. The BellRing Distribution was structured in a manner intended to qualify as a tax-free distribution to Post 
shareholders  for  United  States  (“U.S.”)  federal  income  tax  purposes,  except  to  the  extent  of  any  cash  received  in  lieu  of 
fractional shares of BellRing Common Stock. For additional information regarding the BellRing Spin-off, refer to Note 4 within 
“Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

On August 11, 2022, Post transferred 14.8 million shares of BellRing Common Stock to certain of its lenders to repay and 
retire  $342.3  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  debt  (such  exchange,  the  “First  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange”). 
Immediately  after  the  completion  of  the  First  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange,  Post  held  4.6  million  shares,  or  3.4%,  of  BellRing 
Common Stock. On November 25, 2022, Post transferred the remaining 4.6 million shares of BellRing Common Stock to one 
of its lenders to repay and retire $99.9 million in aggregate principal amount of debt (such exchange, the “Second Debt-for-
Equity  Exchange”).  Immediately  after  the  completion  of  the  Second  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange,  Post  owned  no  shares  of 
BellRing Common Stock. For additional information regarding the First Debt-for Equity Exchange and the Second Debt-for-
Equity Exchange, refer to Note 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report. 

Refer to “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report for a discussion of certain risks related to the BellRing transactions.

8th Avenue

On October 1, 2018, 8th Avenue was separately capitalized by Post and third parties through a series of transactions (the 
“8th Avenue Formation Transactions”), and 8th Avenue became the holding company for Post’s private brand food products 
business.  After  completion  of  the  8th  Avenue  Formation  Transactions,  Post  retained  60.5%  of  the  common  equity  in  8th 
Avenue,  which,  since  October  1,  2018,  has  been  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method.  Our  investment  in  8th  Avenue  was 
recorded at zero as of September 30, 2023. For additional information regarding 8th Avenue, refer to Note 5 within “Notes to 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report.  8th  Avenue  primarily  manufactures  and  distributes  private  label 
peanut and other nut butters, pasta, dried fruit and nut products and granola.

Our Business Model

We operate a decentralized, adaptive business model, which provides us with flexibility to pursue acquisitions and other 
strategic transactions. Since our formation, we have expanded and established new platforms through numerous acquisitions. 
Our acquisition strategy has focused on businesses with product offerings that can strengthen our current portfolio, enable us to 
expand into complementary categories, geographic regions or distribution channels or provide diversification of cash flows in 
similar  channels.  In  addition  to  acquisitions,  we  also  have  pursued  and  completed  other  types  of  strategic  transactions.  For 
example, we separately capitalized 8th Avenue with third parties in fiscal 2019, facilitated the completion of the BellRing IPO 
in fiscal 2020, the PHPC IPO in fiscal 2021, the BellRing Spin-off and the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange in fiscal 2022 and 
the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange in fiscal 2023 and have completed other divestitures from time to time. 

Our Businesses

Post Consumer Brands 

Our Post Consumer Brands segment manufactures, markets and sells a portfolio of branded and private label human and 
pet  food  products,  primarily  in  the  RTE  cereal,  hot  cereal,  peanut  butter  and  dog  and  cat  food  categories  primarily  in  North 
America. Post Consumer Brands’s core brands include the RTE cereal brands of Honey Bunches of Oats, Pebbles and Malt-O-
Meal  and  the  Peter  Pan  peanut  butter  brand.  Post  Consumer  Brands’s  pet  food  brands,  which  were  acquired  in  April  2023, 
include Rachael Ray Nutrish, Nature’s Recipe, 9Lives, Kibbles ’n Bits and Gravy Train. Post Consumer Brands’s products are 
primarily manufactured through a flexible production platform at thirteen owned facilities in the U.S. and Canada; our Peter 
Pan peanut butters are primarily manufactured by 8th Avenue.

Weetabix

Our  Weetabix  segment  primarily  markets  and  distributes  branded  and  private  label  RTE  cereal  products.  Weetabix  is  a 
leading  manufacturer  in  the  U.K.  cereals  and  breakfast  drinks  category,  with  its  core  brands  being  the  Weetabix  and  Alpen 
brands.  Weetabix  also  markets  and  distributes  breakfast  drinks,  hot  cereals,  protein-based  shakes  and  nutritional  snacks. 
Weetabix’s products are primarily manufactured at three owned manufacturing facilities in the U.K. Some of its RTE cereals 
and  muesli  also  are  manufactured  in  Africa  through  two  joint  ventures,  each  of  which  owns  a  manufacturing  facility. 
Weetabix’s  main  markets  are  the  U.K.  and  the  Republic  of  Ireland.  Weetabix  distributes  products  to  multiple  countries 
throughout the world mainly through a network of third-party distributors in the respective markets. Weetabix’s protein-based 
shakes  and  nutritional  snacks  are  co-manufactured  in  Germany  and  distributed  in  the  U.K.  through  a  network  of  large  retail 
outlets. 

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Foodservice

Through  our  Foodservice  segment,  we  primarily  produce  and  distribute  egg  and  potato  products  in  the  foodservice  and 
food ingredient channels. We provide a broad portfolio of egg products under several brands, with the primary brands being 
Papetti’s and Abbotsford Farms, and potato products. The Foodservice segment also manufactures certain meat products. Our 
operations  include  fourteen  egg  products  production  facilities  in  the  U.S.,  some  of  which  are  fully  integrated  from  the 
maintenance of laying flocks through the processing of egg products, three potato processing facilities and two meat products 
processing  and  production  facilities.  Several  of  these  production  facilities  also  produce  products  for  our  Refrigerated  Retail 
segment.  In  addition,  our  Foodservice  business  constructed  a  new  manufacturing  facility  in  West  Jefferson,  Ohio  to 
manufacture  ready-to-drink  shakes  as  a  third-party  manufacturer  for  BellRing,  and  such  facility  is  expected  to  begin 
manufacturing products in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. 

Refrigerated Retail

Through our Refrigerated Retail segment, we produce and distribute side dishes, eggs and egg products, sausage, cheese 
and other dairy and refrigerated products to retail customers. Our refrigerated side dish, potato and sausage products are sold 
primarily under the Bob Evans, Bob Evans Farms and Simply Potatoes brands. We sell private label egg products as well as 
branded  egg  products  primarily  under  the  Bob  Evans  Egg  Whites  and  Egg  Beaters  brands.  Our  cheese  and  other  dairy  case 
products  are  sold  principally  under  the  Crystal  Farms  brand.  Our  products  are  manufactured  across  eleven  facilities,  five  of 
which are egg products processing facilities and two of which are potato processing facilities previously referenced under the 
Foodservice segment discussion. In addition, our Egg Beaters products are manufactured under a co-manufacturing agreement 
at a third-party facility, and we also use third-party manufacturers for many of our cheese products and certain of our potato 
side dish and sausage products. 

Products

Cereal sold by our Post Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments together accounted for 39.1% of our consolidated net 
sales for fiscal 2023. Eggs and egg products sold by our Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail segments together accounted for 
33.0% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal 2023, and side dishes (including potato products) sold by our Foodservice and 
Refrigerated Retail segments together accounted for 10.5% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal 2023. Pet food sold by our 
Post Consumer Brands segment accounted for 9.7% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal 2023, which represents the period 
from the completion of the Pet Food acquisition through fiscal 2023 year end. For additional information regarding our net sales 
by product, refer to Note 21 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report. 

Sales, Marketing and Distribution 

Each of our businesses has developed marketing strategies specific to its product lines. For certain of our products, we have 
consumer-targeted  marketing  campaigns,  which  generally  include  television,  digital  and  print  advertisements,  coupon  offers, 
rebate  programs,  co-marketing  arrangements  with  complementary  consumer  product  and  entertainment  companies  and  joint 
advertising with select retail customers. We also generally use print and digital advertising and social media, as well as more 
targeted grass roots programs such as sampling events, in order to increase brand awareness and loyalty at both national and 
local levels. Our internet and social media efforts are used to educate consumers about the nutritional value and flavor profiles 
of our products and for product promotion and consumer entertainment.

Our Post Consumer Brands segment sells products primarily through an internal sales staff and broker organizations. Our 
Weetabix  segment  services  its  key  U.K.  markets  through  a  centralized  commercial  team  which  manages  relationships  with 
customers at the corporate level while a third-party sales force operates at the store level to ensure maximum availability and 
compliance  with  agreed  plans.  Weetabix  has  in-country  sales  and  marketing  teams  in  Europe  and  in  the  growth  markets  of 
Spain and the United Arab Emirates. Our Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail segments sell and market their products primarily 
through dedicated teams of internal sales staff and broker organizations.

Generally, our products are distributed through a network of third-party common carriers. In addition, our Foodservice and 

Refrigerated Retail segments have internal fleets that distribute certain of their products.

Research and Development

Our  research  and  development  efforts  span  our  business  segments.  These  capabilities  extend  to  ingredients,  packaging 
technologies, product sizes and delivery formats; new product and process development, as well as analytical support; bench-
top and pilot plant capabilities; and research support to operations.

We leverage our research and development resources for both growth and efficiency initiatives. Our innovation and new 
product development objectives include growth through new products, customer satisfaction and reduced production costs. Our 
innovation efforts focus on anticipating consumer demands and adapting quickly to changing market trends. We also evaluate 
the sustainability impacts of our manufacturing processes and products in our research and development activities and continue 

8

to drive processing innovations aimed at complying with regulatory requirements, reducing waste, water usage and greenhouse 
gas emissions and increasing the recycled content and recyclability of packaging while maintaining food safety and quality.

Raw Materials and Energy

Raw materials used in our businesses (purchased from local, regional and international suppliers) include ingredients and 
packaging  materials.  The  principal  ingredients  for  the  Post  Consumer  Brands  and  Weetabix  segments  are  wheat,  oats,  rice, 
corn,  other  grain  products,  vegetable  oils,  dairy-  and  vegetable-based  proteins,  sugar  and  other  sweeteners,  fruit  and  nuts.  In 
addition, our Post Consumer Brands segment uses animal proteins and fats in its pet food products. The principal ingredients 
for the Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail segments are eggs, pork, pasta, potatoes, bakery products, cheese, milk and butter. 
A portion of our egg needs comes from Company-owned layer hens, and the balance is purchased under third-party contracts 
and  in  the  spot  market.  We  also  buy  significant  amounts  of  grain  to  feed  layer  hens.  In  addition,  we  procure  live  sows  at 
prevailing  market  prices,  and  under  fixed  price  contracts,  from  terminals,  local  auctions,  country  markets  and  corporate  and 
family  farms  in  various  U.S.  locations.  Our  businesses  also  use  large  quantities  of  water.  Each  of  our  segments  utilizes  raw 
material  sources  that  ensure  that  its  products  meet  standards,  certifications  and  customer  requirements,  where  applicable,  for 
example,  non-GMO,  organic,  gluten-free  and/or  cage-free.  The  principal  packaging  materials  used  by  our  businesses  are 
folding  cartons,  corrugated  boxes,  flexible  and  rigid  plastic  film,  trays  and  containers,  beverage  packaging,  plastic  lined 
cartonboard,  large  format  bags  and  steel  cans  and  lids.  Our  Refrigerated  Retail  segment  also  uses  large  quantities  of  carbon 
dioxide as a cooling agent during its sausage production.

In  addition,  our  manufacturing  and  distribution  operations  use  large  quantities  of  natural  gas,  electricity  and  diesel  fuel. 
Cereal  processing  ovens,  pet  food  manufacturing  processes  and  most  of  the  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail  production 
facilities generally are fueled by natural gas, which is obtained from local utilities or other local suppliers. Electricity and steam 
(generated in on-site, gas-fired boilers) also are used in our manufacturing facilities. In addition, considerable amounts of diesel 
fuel are used in connection with the distribution of our products, including in our internal fleets. Weetabix owns and operates its 
own  combined  heat  and  power  generation  unit,  which  is  capable  of  supplying  the  majority  of  the  requirements  of  its  main 
operation site with power and steam which means the site can be operated using either electricity or natural gas.

Supply availability and prices paid for raw materials and energy can fluctuate widely due to external factors, including, as 
applicable,  inflation,  labor  shortages,  increased  fuel  costs,  limited  freight  carrier  availability,  public  health  crises,  strikes  or 
other labor unrest, war or armed hostilities, geopolitical events or tensions, national or international disputes, terrorism or other 
acts of violence, increased demand, increased compliance costs associated with new or changing government regulations, any 
naturally  occurring  or  climate  change  induced  acute  (including  extreme  weather  and  natural  disasters)  or  chronic  (including 
prolonged  temperature  and  weather  patterns)  climatic  events,  fire,  water  stress,  animal  feed  costs,  agricultural  yield, 
governmental programs, incentives or controls, regulations or trade and tariff policies, insects, plant diseases, diseases affecting 
livestock (including avian influenza and PEDV) and milk price supports established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (the 
“USDA”).  Higher  prices  for  natural  gas,  electricity  and  fuel  also  increase  our  ingredient,  production  and  delivery  costs.  In 
addition,  the  prices  of  inputs  may  increase  as  we  pursue  more  sustainable,  specially  sourced  or  certified  raw  materials  or 
alternative  energy  sources,  including  mandatory  or  voluntary  transitions  to  low  carbon  renewables  (some  of  which  we  have 
experienced). 

We continuously monitor worldwide supply and cost trends for our raw materials and energy needs to enable us to take 
appropriate  action  to  obtain  the  necessary  raw  materials  and  energy  for  our  operations.  During  fiscal  2023,  we  continued  to 
experience heightened raw materials and energy costs, largely due to cost pressures resulting from macroeconomic conditions, 
including inflation, rising interest rates, labor shortages and downstream economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and 
the  ongoing  conflict  in  Ukraine.  We  expect  these  pressures  to  continue  into  fiscal  2024  for  certain  categories,  but  for  our 
domestic  operations,  at  a  slower  rate  than  we  experienced  in  fiscal  2023.  In  addition,  from  time  to  time,  we  experience 
diminished supply or shortages of certain of our inputs, which have resulted, and may in the future result, in us paying increased 
costs for our inputs or have impacted, and may in the future impact, our ability to produce our products.

Trademarks and Intellectual Property

We own or have long-term licenses to use a number of trademarks that are critical to the success of our businesses. Our 
Post Consumer Brands business’s trademarks include Post, Post Consumer Brands, Honey Bunches of Oats, Great Grains, Post 
Bran Flakes, Post Shredded Wheat, Spoon Size Shredded Wheat, Golden Crisp, Alpha-Bits, Ohs!, Shreddies, Post Raisin Bran, 
Grape-Nuts,  Honeycomb,  Frosted  Mini  Spooners,  Golden  Puffs,  Cinnamon  Toasters,  Fruity  Dyno-Bites,  Cocoa  Dyno-Bites, 
Berry  Colossal  Crunch,  Malt-O-Meal,  Farina,  Dyno-Bites,  Mom’s  Best,  Better  Oats,  CoCo  Wheats,  Peter  Pan,  Nutrish, 
Nature’s  Recipe,  9Lives,  Kibbles  ’n  Bits,  Gravy  Train,  Weetabix,  Barbara’s  and  Puffins,  each  of  which  we  own,  as  well  as 
several trademarks that we license from third parties for use in the U.S., Canada and several other international markets, such as 
Pebbles,  Oreo  O’s,  Chips  Ahoy!,  Honeymaid,  Rachael  Ray  and  Premier  Protein.  The  trademarks  for  the  Weetabix  business 
include Weetabix, Alpen, Weetos, Ready Brek, Weetabix On The Go, Oatibix and UFIT, each of which we own, as well as Oreo 
O’s,  which  we  license  from  a  third  party.  The  trademarks  for  the  Foodservice  business  include  Michael  Foods,  Papetti’s, 

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Abbotsford  Farms,  Simply  Potatoes,  Henningsen  Foods  and  Almark  Foods,  each  of  which  we  own.  The  trademarks  for  the 
Refrigerated  Retail  business  include  Davidson’s  Safest  Choice,  Abbotsford  Farms,  Better’n  Eggs,  Crystal  Farms,  Simply 
Potatoes,  Diner’s  Choice,  Westfield  Farms,  David’s  Deli,  Owens,  Country  Creek  Farm  and  Egg  Beaters,  each  of  which  we 
own, Bob Evans (which is used in brands such as Bob Evans Egg Whites), Bob Evans Farms and Pineland Farms, which we 
license from a third party for worldwide use, and Old El Paso, which we license from a third party for use in the U.S. We also 
own the trademarks for Airly and Oat Clouds. Our owned trademarks are, in most cases, protected through registration in the 
U.S. or the U.K., as well as in many other countries where the related products are sold. 

In  addition,  we  market  certain  of  our  products  in  the  U.S.,  Canada,  the  U.K.  and  several  other  locations  pursuant  to 

intellectual property license agreements. 

Depending  on  the  jurisdiction,  our  trademarks  are  generally  valid  as  long  as  they  are  in  use  or  their  registrations  are 
properly maintained, and they have not been found to have become generic. Registrations of our trademarks also can generally 
be  renewed  indefinitely  for  as  long  as  the  trademarks  are  in  use.  As  a  general  matter,  our  trademark  and  other  intellectual 
property  licenses  with  third  parties  have  varying  terms  and  must  be  periodically  renegotiated  or  renewed  pursuant  to  their 
terms.

We  also  own  several  patents  in  North  America  and  elsewhere.  While  our  patent  portfolio  as  a  whole  is  material  to  our 
business, no one patent or group of related patents is material to our business. In addition, we have proprietary trade secrets, 
technology, know-how processes and other intellectual property rights that are not registered.

We rely on a combination of trademark law, copyright law, trade secrets, non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements, 
provisions in other agreements and other measures to establish and protect our proprietary rights to our products, packaging, 
processes and intellectual property.

Seasonality

Demand for certain of our products may be influenced by holidays, changes in seasons or other events, which may impact 
customer and consumer spending patterns and the timing of promotional activities. For example, demand for our egg products, 
potatoes, sausage, side dishes, butter and cheese tends to increase during the Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter and other holiday 
seasons, which may result in increased net sales during the corresponding quarters of our fiscal year when such holidays occur. 
However,  on  a  consolidated  basis  our  net  sales  and  results  of  operations  generally  are  distributed  relatively  evenly  over  the 
quarters of our fiscal year. 

Customers

We  sell  Post  Consumer  Brands  products  primarily  to  grocery  stores,  mass  merchandise  customers,  supercenters,  club 
stores,  natural/specialty  stores,  dollar  stores,  discounters,  wholesalers,  convenience  stores,  pet  supply  retailers  and  drug  store 
customers. We also sell Post Consumer Brands products in the military, eCommerce and foodservice channels. Our Weetabix 
segment’s  products  are  primarily  sold  to  retailers,  discounters,  wholesalers  and  convenience  stores  and  through  eCommerce. 
Our Foodservice segment’s primary customers include foodservice distributors and national restaurant chains. Our Refrigerated 
Retail segment’s primary customers include grocery stores and mass merchandise customers. 

Our  largest  customer,  Walmart,  accounted  for  17.3%  of  our  consolidated  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  No  other  customer 
accounted  for  more  than  10%  of  our  fiscal  2023  consolidated  net  sales,  but  each  of  our  segments  depends  on  sales  to  large 
customers. For example, the largest customer of our Post Consumer Brands segment, Walmart, accounted for 32.6% of Post 
Consumer Brands’s net sales in fiscal 2023. The largest customers of our Weetabix segment, Tesco and Asda, accounted for 
28.3%  of  Weetabix’s  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  The  largest  customers  of  our  Foodservice  segment,  Sysco  and  US  Foods, 
accounted for 40.5% of the segment’s net sales in fiscal 2023. Additionally, the largest customers of our Refrigerated Retail 
segment, Walmart and Kroger, accounted for 32.9% of the segment’s net sales in fiscal 2023. For purposes of this disclosure, 
“Walmart” refers to Walmart Inc. and its affiliates, which include Sam’s Club.

Competition 

The human and pet food categories in which we operate are highly competitive and highly sensitive to both pricing and 
promotion. Competition is based on, among other things, brand appeal, recognition and loyalty, taste, nutritional value, price, 
ingredients, product quality, product availability, variety, innovation, distribution, shelf space and product visibility, packaging, 
convenience, effective promotional activities and the ability to identify and satisfy dynamic, emerging consumer preferences. 
Our  principal  competitors  in  these  categories  may  have  substantial  financial,  marketing  and  other  resources.  In  addition,  in 
many of our product categories, we compete not only with widely advertised branded products, but also with private label and 
store  brand  products.  Our  principal  strategies  for  competing  in  each  of  our  segments  include  effective  customer  relationship 
management,  category  insights,  superior  product  quality  and  food  safety,  product  innovation,  an  efficient  supply  chain  and 
competitive pricing. The categories in which we operate are expected to remain highly competitive for the foreseeable future. 

10

During fiscal 2023, due to adverse macroeconomic conditions, including increased product pricing occurring as a result of 
heightened costs, our retail businesses have experienced shifts to private label and other value brands. We expect this trend to 
continue into fiscal 2024. For additional information regarding the risks related to competition and demand for our products, 
refer to “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report.

Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters

We  are  subject  to  regulation  by  federal,  state,  local  and  foreign  governmental  entities  and  agencies.  Our  activities  in 
Canada  and  Europe  are  subject  to  regulations  similar  to  those  applicable  to  our  businesses  in  the  U.S.  As  a  producer  and 
distributor  of  goods  for  human  and  animal  consumption,  our  operations  must  comply  with  stringent  production,  packaging, 
quality,  safety,  storage,  distribution,  labeling  and  marketing  standards  administered  by  the  applicable  government  entities, 
namely the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the USDA, the Federal Trade Commission and state and local agencies 
in  the  U.S.,  as  well  as  similar  regulatory  agencies  in  Canada,  Mexico,  the  U.K.,  the  European  Union  (the  “E.U.”)  and 
elsewhere. Products that do not meet regulatory standards may be considered to be adulterated and/or misbranded and subject to 
recall. 

Our  facilities,  like  those  of  similar  businesses,  are  subject  to  certain  safety  regulations,  including  regulations  issued 
pursuant  to  the  U.S.  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Act  and  similar  regulations  in  Canada  and  the  U.K.  These  regulations 
require  us  to  comply  with  certain  safety  standards  to  protect  our  employees  and  on-site  contractors.  Further,  certain  of  our 
Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail operations are subject to laws that mandate specific housing requirements for layer hens 
and mandate specific space requirements for farm animal enclosures, including layer hens and pigs, which laws vary on a state 
to state basis. Our operations and products also are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations with 
respect  to  environmental  matters,  including  air  quality,  noise,  wastewater  pretreatment  and  discharge,  storm  water,  waste 
management,  product  stewardship,  packaging  composition  and  other  regulations  intended  to  protect  public  health  and  the 
environment.

We  are  subject  to  various  laws  and  regulations  in  the  U.S.  and  other  countries  governing  our  employment  practices, 
including  those  related  to  equal  employment,  paid  leave  and  overtime  compensation.  We  also  are  subject  to  laws,  rules  and 
regulations in the U.S. and other countries related to anti-corruption, antitrust and competition, economic sanctions and imports/
exports. In addition, our operations are subject to various federal, state and foreign laws and regulations regarding data privacy, 
including the General Data Protection Regulation, the E.U.’s retained law version of the General Data Protection Regulation, 
the E.U.-U.S. Data Privacy Framework and the California Consumer Privacy Act (as modified by the California Privacy Rights 
Act), each of which applies to certain of our businesses and deals with the collection and use of personal information obtained 
from data subjects. We also are subject to tax and securities regulations, accounting and reporting standards and other financial 
laws and regulations.

We continue to monitor developments in laws and regulations. While the impact of laws and regulations on our businesses 

cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently do not believe that compliance with existing laws and regulations will have a 
material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.

Human Capital 

Post  and  its  consolidated  subsidiaries  have  11,430  employees  as  of  November  1,  2023,  of  which  9,790  are  in  the  U.S., 
1,080  are  in  the  U.K.,  420  are  in  Canada  and  140  are  located  in  other  jurisdictions.  As  of  November  1,  2023,  20%  of  such 
employees were unionized. We have entered into several collective bargaining agreements on terms that we believe are typical 
for the industries in which we operate. Most of the unionized workers at our facilities are represented under contracts which 
expire at various times throughout the next several years. In general, as these agreements expire, we believe that the agreements 
can  be  renegotiated  on  satisfactory  terms.  Any  new  collective  bargaining  agreements  could  result  in  changes  to  our  cost 
structure  at  the  relevant  facilities.  We  believe  that  overall  we  have  good  relationships  with  our  employees  and  their 
representative organizations. 

Our  people  are  critical  to  our  success.  While  each  of  our  businesses  generally  operates  autonomously  to  implement  its 
talent acquisition and management strategies with respect to its employees, our organization aligns to provide a safe, rewarding 
and  respectful  workplace  where  employees  have  opportunities  to  pursue  development  and  career  paths  based  on  their  skills, 
performance and potential. 

Company Ethics 

Our  Code  of  Conduct  reflects  our  commitment  to  our  stakeholders,  including  our  employees,  to  conduct  our  businesses 
ethically, responsibly and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. To encourage open and honest communication 
throughout  our  organization,  our  employees  have  access  to  an  employee  speak  up  line,  which  is  operated  by  a  third-party 
provider, is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week in multiple languages and allows for anonymous reports.

11

Health and Safety

We are committed to maintaining a healthy and safe workplace for our employees. We adhere to a global environmental, 
health,  safety  and  sustainability  policy.  We  utilize  a  comprehensive  safety  and  risk  management  system  that  incorporates 
rigorous  safety  standards  and  practices,  employee  and  leadership  training  to  ensure  consistent  implementation  of  our  safety 
protocols  and  periodic  internal  and  external  audits  to  evaluate  our  compliance  with  such  policies.  Through  regular 
communications  between  safety  teams  and  leaders,  we  strive  to  continuously  improve  and  update  our  safety  protocols  and 
practices.  Our  senior  leadership  team  and  our  Board  of  Directors  receive  periodic  updates  regarding  the  performance  of  our 
safety and risk management system and our risk mitigation activities. 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  led  to  unique  challenges,  and  throughout  the  pandemic,  we  highlighted,  invested  in  and 
recognized the importance of our employees, including by implementing additional safety protocols as part of our health and 
safety program. 

Talent Acquisition, Development, Engagement and Retention

Acquiring, developing, engaging and retaining a diverse and talented workforce is key to achieving our business goals. 

We  continue  to  enhance  our  talent  acquisition  strategy  across  the  enterprise  through  community  outreach  initiatives,  by 
providing  training  and  resources  to  our  recruiters  and  people  leaders  on  interviewing  skills,  through  job  description 
development and by enhancing our career websites and resources.

We  believe  encouraging  internal  mobility  is  a  key  strategy  to  reducing  attrition  by  retaining  critical  talent  across  our 
organization,  as  well  as  building  succession  plans  with  such  employees’  future  roles  in  mind.  We  continue  to  implement 
initiatives  to  encourage  and  remove  barriers  to  internal  mobility  opportunities.  To  further  increase  our  talent  pool,  we  also 
provide robust intern programs designed to provide experience and assist with development of skills to diverse and qualified 
college students.

Another  key  factor  in  our  human  capital  management  strategy  is  providing  development  opportunities  and  resources  for 
our employees. We offer a variety of training and development programs for employees. In addition, we encourage building 
individual development plans and offer a large array of training resources, ranging from technical skills to behavioral skills. We 
also provide robust compliance training. 

Our businesses conduct engagement surveys and then use those results to understand strengths and areas of opportunity. 

Many of our employees participate in company-organized volunteer events which foster a sense of community and giving.

We  continue  to  review,  evaluate  and  implement  solutions  and  resources  that  address  the  physical  and  mental  health  and 
overall well-being of our employees. Our Total Rewards programs, plans and policies are designed to be comprehensive and 
competitive, support our business goals and be cost effective and promote shared fiscal responsibility. To support the health and 
financial needs of our employees, we offer competitive fixed and/or variable pay and a suite of benefit plans and programs to 
eligible  employees,  including  medical,  prescription  drug,  dental,  vision,  life  insurance,  disability  coverage,  paid  time  off, 
employee assistance and defined benefit and defined contribution retirement plans and programs.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

We  are  committed  to  building  an  inclusive  culture  throughout  our  organization.  Our  Diversity,  Equity  and  Inclusion 
Council, which has representation from our holding company and each of our businesses, develops strategies, helps establish 
and  implement  initiatives  for  diversity,  equity  and  inclusion  (“DEI”)  and  creates  tools  that  can  be  used  to  align  efforts  and 
monitor and track progress across our organization. During fiscal 2023, our Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Council established 
working committees (dedicated to image, suppliers, talent and culture) to focus and refine its efforts. 

Our  Company’s  DEI  initiatives  include:  (i)  conducting  a  standardized  DEI  training  program  utilized  throughout  our 
organization to establish a consistent foundation of knowledge and foster more inclusive work environments; (ii) forming and 
supporting  employee  resource  groups  throughout  our  organization  with  a  focus  on  DEI;  (iii)  integrating  inclusive  business 
practices to eliminate bias in talent management and procurement; (iv) issuing our DEI newsletter biannually; and (v) operating 
an  employee  speak-up  line  to  encourage  a  “speak  up”  culture  with  regard  to  DEI  matters.  Our  Board  of  Directors  receives 
periodic updates regarding our DEI efforts. 

12

Available Information 

We make available, free of charge, through our website (www.postholdings.com) reports we file with, or furnish to, the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our annual reports on Forms 10-K, quarterly reports on Forms 10-
Q, current reports on Forms 8-K and amendments to those reports (including exhibits) filed or furnished pursuant to Section 
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file 
such material with, or furnish such material to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site containing these reports, proxy and 
information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. Our 
Corporate  Governance  Guidelines,  our  Code  of  Conduct  and  the  charters  of  the  Audit  and  Corporate  Governance  and 
Compensation  Committees  of  our  Board  of  Directors  also  are  available  on  our  website,  where  they  can  be  printed  free  of 
charge.  All  of  these  documents  also  are  available  to  shareholders  at  no  charge  upon  request  sent  to  our  corporate  secretary 
(2503 S. Hanley Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63144, Telephone: 314-644-7600). The information and other content contained on 
our website are not part of (or incorporated by reference in) this report or any other document we file or furnish with the SEC. 

Information about our Executive Officers

The section below provides information regarding our executive officers as of November 16, 2023: 

Jeff A. Zadoks, age 58, has served as Executive Vice President since November 2017 and as our Chief Operating Officer 
since December 2022. Mr. Zadoks also has been serving as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer since November 
2,  2023,  in  connection  with  Mr.  Vitale’s  medical  leave  of  absence.  Mr.  Zadoks  previously  served  as  our  Executive  Vice 
President  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  from  November  2017  until  December  2022,  and  our  Senior  Vice  President  and  Chief 
Financial  Officer  from  November  2014  until  November  2017.  Mr.  Zadoks  served  as  our  Senior  Vice  President  and  Chief 
Accounting  Officer  from  January  2014  until  November  2014,  and  as  our  Corporate  Controller  from  October  2011  until 
November 2014. Mr. Zadoks also served as the chairman of the board of directors of Post Holdings Partnering Corporation, our 
former publicly-traded affiliate that was a special purpose acquisition company, from January 2021 until June 2023. Prior to 
joining Post, Mr. Zadoks served as senior vice president and chief accounting officer at RehabCare Group, Inc., a provider of 
post-acute  care  in  hospitals  and  skilled  nursing  facilities,  from  February  2010  to  September  2011,  and  as  vice  president  and 
corporate controller of RehabCare Group from December 2003 until January 2010. 

Robert V. Vitale, age 57, has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since November 2014, and is currently on 
medical leave. Mr. Vitale also has served as a member of our Board of Directors since November 2014. Previously, Mr. Vitale 
served  as  our  Chief  Financial  Officer  from  October  2011  until  November  2014.  Mr.  Vitale  served  as  president  and  chief 
executive  officer  of  AHM  Financial  Group,  LLC,  a  diversified  provider  of  insurance  brokerage  and  wealth  management 
services,  from  2006  until  2011  and  previously  was  a  partner  of  Westgate  Equity  Partners,  LLC,  a  consumer-oriented  private 
equity  firm.  Mr.  Vitale  has  served  as  the  executive  chairman  of  BellRing,  a  publicly-traded  former  subsidiary  of  ours  that 
manufactures products in the global convenient nutrition category, since September 2019, but since November 2, 2023 has been 
on medical leave in his executive capacity, and is a member of the board of directors of 8th Avenue, a private brand-centric, 
consumer products holding company which we separately capitalized with third parties. Mr. Vitale also served as the president 
and  chief  investment  officer  of  Post  Holdings  Partnering  Corporation,  our  former  publicly-traded  affiliate  that  was  a  special 
purpose acquisition company, from January 2021 until June 2023. Mr. Vitale also serves on the board of directors of Energizer 
Holdings,  Inc.,  a  publicly-traded  manufacturer,  marketer  and  distributor  of  primary  batteries,  portable  lights  and  auto  care 
appearance, performance, refrigerant and fragrance products. 

Matthew J. Mainer, age 52, has served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since December 
2022 and as our Senior Vice President and Treasurer since December 2018. Mr. Mainer previously served as our Vice President 
and  Treasurer  from  January  2015  until  November  2018.  Prior  to  joining  Post,  Mr.  Mainer  served  as  Assistant  Treasurer  at 
Mallinckrodt plc, a global business that develops, manufactures, markets and distributes specialty pharmaceutical products and 
therapies,  from  January  2013  to  December  2014  and  as  Vice  President  and  Treasurer  of  ESCO  Technologies  Inc.,  a  global 
provider of highly engineered products and solutions serving diverse end-markets, from November 2002 to December 2012.

Nicolas Catoggio, age 49, has served as President and Chief Executive Officer, Post Consumer Brands since September 
2021. Mr. Catoggio has over twenty years of experience in the consumer goods industry. From 2007 to September 2021, he 
served in various roles at Boston Consulting Group (“BCG”), a privately owned global management consulting firm, advising 
clients  in  the  consumer  goods  industry,  most  recently  as  managing  director  and  senior  partner  from  June  2021  to  September 
2021, and previously as managing director and partner from 2007 to May 2021. Before joining BCG, Mr. Catoggio served in 
various  roles  for  eight  years  at  Unilever  PLC,  a  publicly-traded  multinational  consumer  goods  company,  mainly  in  new 
business development, corporate strategy and finance.

Diedre J. Gray, age 45, has served as an Executive Vice President since November 2017 and as our General Counsel and 
Chief Administrative Officer since November 2014. She has served as our Corporate Secretary since January 2012. Ms. Gray 
previously served as our Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer from November 2014 until 

13

November 2017. Ms. Gray served as our Senior Vice President-Legal starting in December 2011 and was promoted to Senior 
Vice President, General Counsel in September 2012. Prior to joining Post, Ms. Gray served as associate general counsel and 
assistant secretary at MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. (now SunEdison, Inc.), a semiconductor and solar wafer manufacturing 
company, from 2010 to 2011. Previously, Ms. Gray was an attorney at Bryan Cave LLP (now Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner 
LLP) from 2003 to 2010.

Mark W. Westphal, age 58, has served as President, Foodservice (formerly known as Michael Foods) since January 2018. 
Until  January  2018,  Mr.  Westphal  served  as  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  Michael  Foods  for  nearly  ten  years.  Prior  to  joining 
Michael Foods in 1995, Mr. Westphal worked for Grant Thornton LLP, an audit, tax and advisory firm. 

14

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

In  addition  to  the  factors  discussed  elsewhere  in  this  report,  the  following  risks  and  uncertainties,  some  of  which  have 
occurred and any of which may occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. Although the risks below are organized by heading, and each risk is described separately, 
many of the risks are interrelated. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the material risks to us, additional 
risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our businesses, financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Operating and Market Risks

Measures taken to offset the impact of adverse macroeconomic conditions to maintain our profitability, including increasing 
prices  or  decreasing  product  sizes,  may  be  ineffective,  inadequate  or  unavailable  or  may  otherwise  adversely  affect  our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 

From time to time, we take measures to mitigate the impact of adverse macroeconomic conditions, including increased costs 
for  ingredients,  packaging,  energy,  other  supplies  and  freight  and  employee-related  costs,  through  pricing  measures  (such  as 
increasing the selling prices of our products or decreasing the size of our products). However, the prices charged for our products 
may not reflect changes in our costs or the impact of other adverse events at the time they occur or at all. When these measures 
are  ineffective  or  are  not  implemented  in  a  timely  manner,  changes  in  costs  and  the  impact  of  other  adverse  macroeconomic 
conditions  may  limit  our  ability  to  maintain  existing  margins  and  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows (some of which we experienced in fiscal 2023 and may experience in the 
future). Further, we may not be able to raise our prices sufficiently in response to cost increases or other adverse macroeconomic 
conditions  (including  if  inflation  or  cost  increases  outpace  our  price  elasticities  or  as  a  result  of  competitive  pressures).  In 
addition,  such  price  increases  could  result  in  decreased  sales  volume  or  consumption  or  shifts  to  private  label  or  other  value 
brands, some of which we have experienced during fiscal 2023 and expect to experience during fiscal 2024. These impacts may 
be  intensified  by  reductions  in  governmental  assistance  programs  or  incentives  (as  examples,  the  discontinuation  of  the 
heightened Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits that were put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, which 
occurred  during  fiscal  2023,  and  the  resumption  of  student  loan  repayments  that  were  temporarily  suspended  during  the 
COVID-19 pandemic, which occurred in October 2023).

Deterioration of general macroeconomic conditions, including periods of inflation, rising interest rates, volatility in capital 
markets,  an  economic  recession  or  economic  uncertainty,  could  harm  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows.

We have in the past been and may continue to be adversely affected by changes in macroeconomic conditions, including 
periods  of  inflation,  rising  interest  rates,  decreased  availability  of  capital,  volatility  in  financial  markets,  declining  consumer 
spending  rates,  recessions,  decreased  energy  availability  and  increased  energy  costs  (including  fuel  surcharges),  supply  chain 
challenges, labor shortages, geopolitical events or tensions, the negative impacts caused by government shutdowns, the negative 
impacts caused by public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and the effects of governmental initiatives to manage 
economic conditions.

Such adverse macroeconomic conditions and ongoing economic uncertainty have impacted us and could continue to impact 

us, or may impact us, in a variety of ways, including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

consumers  shifting  purchases  from  branded  to  lower-priced  private  label  or  other  value  products,  shifting  purchases 
from traditional retail outlets to mass merchandisers and dollar stores or forgoing certain purchases altogether during 
economic downturns, which could result in loss of our category share or sales volume or a shift in our product mix to 
lower margin offerings;

customers managing their inventory levels in response to such adverse macroeconomic conditions;

decreased  away-from-home  demand,  which  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic  substantially  impacted  our  Foodservice 
business;

increased volatility in commodity and other input costs;

increased  uncollectible  receivables  or  non-performance  due  to  the  financial  instability  of  our  customers,  suppliers, 
distributors or financial institutions; 

increases in labor-related costs;

increases in the cost or difficulty of obtaining debt or equity financing to fund operations or investment opportunities, or 
to refinance our debt in the future, in each case on terms and within a time period acceptable to us; and

decreases to the fair value of our fixed rate debt and increases to interest expense on our variable rate debt.

15

Increased costs for raw materials, energy and other supplies, or limited availability of such inputs, could negatively impact 
our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The primary ingredients used by our businesses include wheat, oats, rice, corn, other grain products, eggs, pork and other 
animal  proteins  and  fats,  pasta,  potatoes,  bakery  products,  cheese,  milk,  butter,  vegetable  oils,  dairy-  and  vegetable-based 
proteins, sugar and other sweeteners, fruit, nuts and water. Our Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail segments also use corn and 
soybean  meal  as  the  primary  grains  fed  to  layer  hens.  Our  primary  packaging  materials  include  folding  cartons,  corrugated 
boxes, flexible and rigid plastic film, trays and containers, beverage packaging, plastic lined cartonboard, large format bags and 
steel cans and lids. In addition, our manufacturing operations use large quantities of natural gas, electricity, diesel fuel, carbon 
dioxide, sanitizing supplies and personal protective equipment. Considerable amounts of diesel fuel also are used in connection 
with the distribution of our products, including in our internal fleets. The supply and price of these inputs are subject to market 
conditions  and  are  impacted  by  many  factors  beyond  our  control,  including  inflation,  labor  shortages,  increased  fuel  costs, 
limited freight carrier availability, public health crises, strikes or other labor unrest, war or armed hostilities (such as the ongoing 
conflict  in  Ukraine  and  the  Israel-Hamas  war),  geopolitical  events  or  tensions,  national  or  international  disputes,  terrorism  or 
other acts of violence, increased demand, increased compliance costs associated with new or changing government regulations, 
any naturally occurring or climate change induced acute (including extreme weather and natural disasters) or chronic (including 
prolonged  temperature  and  weather  patterns)  climatic  events,  fire,  water  stress,  animal  feed  costs,  agricultural  yield, 
governmental programs, incentives or controls, regulations or trade and tariff policies, insects, plant diseases, diseases affecting 
livestock (such as the fiscal 2015, 2022 and 2023 avian influenza outbreaks and the 2013 PEDV swine outbreak) and milk price 
supports  established  by  the  USDA.  From  time  to  time,  higher  prices  for  natural  gas,  electricity  and  fuel  also  increase  our 
ingredient, production and delivery costs. In addition, the prices of inputs may increase as we pursue more sustainable, specially 
sourced  or  certified  raw  materials  or  alternative  energy  sources,  including  mandatory  or  voluntary  transitions  to  low  carbon 
renewables, some of which we have experienced. 

While, historically, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prices of certain of our raw materials, energy and other 
supplies used in our businesses have fluctuated, unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, labor shortages and 
rising interest rates, have caused our raw materials and other input costs to increase. We expect these pressures to continue into 
fiscal 2024 for certain categories, but for our domestic operations, at a slower rate than we experienced in fiscal 2023. Similarly, 
from time to time, we experience diminished supply or shortages of certain of our inputs, which have resulted, and may in the 
future result, in us paying increased costs for such inputs or have impacted, and may in the future impact, our ability to produce 
our products. Although we try to manage the impact of increases in certain of these costs by using hedges to lock in prices on 
quantities required to meet our anticipated production requirements, if we fail, or are unable, to hedge and prices subsequently 
increase, or if we institute a hedge and prices subsequently decrease, our costs may be greater than anticipated or greater than our 
competitors’ costs, and our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. 

Disruption of our supply chain could have an adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and 
cash flows.

In  coordination  with  our  suppliers,  third-party  manufacturers  and  distributors,  our  ability  to  make,  move,  store  and  sell 
products is critical to our success. From time to time, damage or disruption to our collective supply, manufacturing, warehousing 
or  distribution  capabilities  resulting  from  inflation,  the  need  for  repairs  or  enhancements  at  facilities  (including  delays  in 
repairing, obtaining and installing equipment), execution issues, labor shortages, insufficient product or raw material availability, 
operational or financial instability of parties in our supply chain, limited freight carrier availability, public health crises (such as 
the  COVID-19  pandemic),  strikes  or  other  labor  unrest,  governmental  restrictions  or  mandates,  war  or  armed  hostilities, 
geopolitical  events  or  tensions,  national  or  international  disputes,  terrorism  or  other  acts  of  violence,  border  closures,  any 
naturally  occurring  or  climate  change  induced  acute  (including  extreme  weather  and  natural  disasters)  or  chronic  (including 
prolonged  temperature  and  weather  patterns)  climatic  events,  fire  or  evacuations  related  thereto,  water  stress,  insects,  plant 
diseases,  diseases  affecting  livestock  (such  as  the  fiscal  2015,  2022  and  2023  avian  influenza  outbreaks  and  the  2013  PEDV 
swine outbreak), explosions, cybersecurity incidents, workforce disruptions (including as a result of widespread employee illness 
or widespread employee absenteeism) or other reasons impairs our ability to source inputs or manufacture, sell or timely deliver 
our products. Competitors are, from time to time, affected differently by any of these events depending on a number of factors, 
including the location of their operations, suppliers, third-party manufacturers and distributors. Failure to take adequate steps to 
reduce  the  likelihood  or  mitigate  the  potential  impact  of  any  of  these  events,  or  to  effectively  manage  such  events  when  they 
occur, particularly when an input is sourced from, or a product is manufactured at, a single location, could adversely affect our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and require additional resources to restore our supply chain.

In addition, construction of new or expansions of existing manufacturing facilities and other capital projects could result in 
manufacturing delays and increased costs (some of which we have experienced and may continue to experience). Further, any 
construction delays, including those resulting from equipment delays, could impact future demand for our products. If we are 
unable  to  complete  capital  projects  within  anticipated  time  frames  and  within  our  cost  estimates,  our  businesses,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

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We may not be able to operate successfully if we lose the services of key employees or are unable to recruit, hire, retain and 
develop a qualified and diverse workforce.

Our employees are critical to our success. We depend upon the skills, working relationships and continued services of key 
employees, including members of our senior management team. In addition, our ability to achieve our operating goals depends 
upon our ability to recruit, hire, retain and develop a qualified and diverse workforce to operate and expand our businesses. We 
compete with other companies both within and outside of our industry for skilled and talented people. During the COVID-19 
pandemic, certain of our businesses experienced heightened employee turnover and labor shortages, resulting in increased labor-
related costs and our inability to meet consumer demand for certain of our products. Furthermore, as a result of such heightened 
employee turnover, certain of our businesses lost institutional knowledge. As a general matter, recruitment and retention of talent 
remains challenging in the current employment environment. In addition, a member of our senior management team or other key 
employee  may  find  it  necessary  to  take  a  leave  of  absence  due  to  medical  or  other  reasons.  If  we  lose  the  services  of  key 
employees, including one or more members of our senior management team, and we fail to develop adequate succession plans, 
or  if  we  fail  to  hire,  retain  and  develop  qualified  and  diverse  talent  to  operate  and  expand  our  businesses,  our  businesses, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be harmed. Activities relating to recruiting, hiring, integrating and 
training our workforce also may require significant time and expense.

Our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  is  currently  on  medical  leave,  and  our  Executive  Vice  President  and  Chief 
Operating Officer has been appointed to also serve as our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer. The effectiveness of 
this transition, and any further transition, or the loss of services of any member of our senior management team, including our 
President and Chief Executive Officer or our Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and 
Chief  Operating  Officer,  could  materially  adversely  impact  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  result  of  operations  or  cash 
flows, significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our strategic objectives and operating goals and cause volatility in our 
stock price. 

We  are  currently  dependent  upon  third  parties  for  the  supply  of  materials  for  and  the  manufacture  of  many  of  our 
products. Our businesses could suffer as a result of a third party’s inability to supply materials for our products or produce 
our products for us on time or to our specifications. 

Our businesses rely on independent third parties for the supply of materials for and the manufacture of many products. Our 
businesses could be materially affected if we fail to develop or maintain our relationships with these third parties, if any of these 
third parties is unable to fulfill its obligations to us, if any of these third parties fails to comply with governmental regulations 
applicable  to  the  supply  of  materials  for  or  the  manufacturing  of  our  products  or  if  any  of  these  third  parties  ceases  doing 
business with us or goes out of business. Additionally, from time to time, we experience operational difficulties with these third 
parties,  which  may  include  increases  in  costs,  reductions  in  the  availability  of  materials  or  production  capacity,  delays  in  the 
addition of incremental capacity, failures to meet shipment or production deadlines, including as a result of public health crises 
(such  as  the  COVID-19  pandemic)  and  related  governmental  restrictions  or  mandates  and  any  naturally  occurring  or  climate 
change induced acute (including extreme weather and natural disasters) or chronic (including prolonged temperature and weather 
patterns) climatic events, fire and water stress, cybersecurity incidents, errors in complying with specifications and insufficient 
quality control. The inability of a third-party supplier or manufacturer to ship orders in a timely manner or in desirable quantities 
or to meet our safety, quality and social compliance standards or regulatory requirements could have a material adverse impact 
on our businesses, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, certain of our relationships 
with third-party manufacturers and suppliers require us to purchase minimum volumes, and we could incur significant penalties 
if we do not purchase the minimum quantities required under these commitments.

U.S.  and  global  capital  and  credit  market  issues  could  negatively  affect  our  liquidity,  increase  our  costs  of  borrowing  and 
disrupt the operations of our suppliers, third-party manufacturers, customers, distributors or financial institutions. 

U.S. and global credit markets have, from time to time, experienced significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions which 
have caused the spreads to applicable reference U.S. Treasury notes on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. In the 
past,  such  circumstances  have  materially  impacted  liquidity  in  the  debt  markets,  making  financing  terms  for  borrowers  less 
attractive and in certain cases resulted in the unavailability of certain types of debt financing, any of which could occur in the 
future. Further, our access to funds under our revolving credit facilities is dependent on the ability of the financial institutions 
that  are  parties  to  such  facilities  to  meet  their  respective  funding  commitments.  Unfavorable  macroeconomic  conditions, 
including  inflation,  supply  chain  challenges,  labor  shortages,  high  interest  rates,  lower  consumer  confidence,  foreign  currency 
exchange volatility, volatility in global capital markets, recession risks and macroeconomic uncertainty, have caused, and may in 
the  future  cause,  periods  of  increased  volatility  and  pricing  in  the  credit  and  capital  markets.  If  such  periods  of  increased 
volatility  recur,  it  may  become  more  difficult  or  costly  for  us  to  raise  capital  through  the  issuance  of  common  stock  or  other 
equity securities or debt financings, refinance our existing debt or sell our assets. These and other events affecting the credit and 
capital markets also have had, and may in the future have, an adverse effect on other financial markets in the U.S. Our businesses 
also  could  be  negatively  impacted  if  our  suppliers,  third-party  manufacturers,  customers  or  distributors  experience  disruptions 
resulting  from  tighter  capital  and  credit  markets  or  a  slowdown  in  the  general  economy.  Any  of  these  risks  could  impair  our 

17

ability to fund our operations, limit our ability to expand our businesses, result in interruptions to our businesses or increase our 
interest expense, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows.

Our financial results may be adversely affected by increases in freight costs or limited freight carrier availability. 

We  rely  on  trucking  and  railroad  operators  to  deliver  ingredients  to  manufacturing  locations  and  to  deliver  our  finished 
products to our customers. Freight costs are impacted by many factors beyond our control, including inflation, labor shortages, 
increased fuel costs, limited freight carrier availability, public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), strikes or other 
labor unrest, war or armed hostilities (such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine), geopolitical events or tensions (such as between 
the  U.S.  and  China),  national  or  international  disputes,  terrorism  or  other  acts  of  violence,  increased  demand,  increased 
compliance  costs  associated  with  new  or  changing  government  regulations  and  any  naturally  occurring  or  climate  change 
induced  acute  (including  extreme  weather  and  natural  disasters)  or  chronic  (including  prolonged  temperature  and  weather 
patterns) climatic events. During fiscal 2022, we experienced increased freight costs, which leveled off during fiscal 2023, and 
we could experience increased freight costs in the future. In addition, shortages of freight operators may impact our ability to 
manufacture and deliver our products (some of which we have experienced).

We must identify changing consumer and customer preferences and behaviors and develop and offer products to meet these 
preferences and behaviors.

Consumer  and  customer  preferences  and  behaviors  evolve  over  time  due  to  a  variety  of  factors.  The  success  of  our 
businesses depends on our ability to identify these changing preferences and behaviors, to distinguish between short-term trends 
and long-term changes in such preferences and behaviors and to continue to develop and offer products that appeal to consumers 
and  customers  through  the  sales  channels  that  they  prefer.  Consumer  preference  and  behavior  changes  include  dietary  trends, 
attention  to  different  nutritional  aspects  of  products,  consumer  at-home  and  on-the-go  consumption  patterns,  shifts  to  private 
label or other value products, preferences for certain sales channels, concerns regarding the health effects of products, attention 
to  sourcing  practices  relating  to  raw  materials,  animal  welfare  concerns,  environmental  concerns  (including  climate  change) 
regarding  packaging  and  manufacturing  processes  and  attention  to  other  social  and  governance  aspects  of  our  Company 
(including  our  products  and  operations)  and  of  others  in  our  supply  chain.  Any  significant  changes  in  consumer  or  customer 
preferences  and  behaviors  and  our  inability  to  anticipate  or  react  to  such  changes  could  result  in  reduced  demand  for  our 
products, which could negatively impact our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

In  recent  years,  including  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  consumer  shopping  through  eCommerce  websites  and  mobile 
commerce applications has been prominent, and this trend is altering the retail landscape in which many of our products are sold 
and is intensifying competition by simplifying distribution and lowering barriers to entry. If we or our customers are unable to 
effectively  compete  in  the  eCommerce  market  or  develop  the  data  analytics  capabilities  needed  to  generate  actionable 
commercial insights, and appropriately act on such insights, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash 
flows could be adversely impacted. Also, certain weight loss drugs, which may suppress a person’s appetite, may impact demand 
for  our  products.  In  addition,  our  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail  businesses  are,  and  will  continue  to  be,  affected  by 
changing preferences and requirements as to the housing of layer hens, as well as certain other farm animals. Many restaurant 
chains, foodservice companies and grocery chains have announced goals to transition to a cage-free egg supply, as well as goals 
for  other  farm  animal  initiatives,  by  specified  future  dates.  Also,  several  states  have  enacted,  or  may  in  the  future  enact, 
provisions providing for specific requirements for the housing of certain farm animals. Meeting anticipated customer demand has 
resulted, and will continue to result, in additional operating and capital costs to procure cage-free eggs, to modify existing layer 
facilities and to construct new cage-free layer housing and to comply with other farm animal initiatives. Also, our businesses are, 
and we expect will continue to be, affected by changing preferences and requirements as to the environmental and social impacts 
of products. Several of our customers have announced goals to transition to recyclable, compostable or reusable packaging or 
require certified ingredients for specific products. From time to time, these changing preferences and requirements require us to 
use  specially  sourced  ingredients  and  packaging  types  that  are  more  difficult  to  source  or  entail  a  higher  cost  or  incremental 
capital investment, including within our manufacturing processes, which we may not be able to pass on to customers. 

Our sales and profit growth are dependent upon our ability to expand existing market penetration, enter into new markets 
and enhance our product portfolio with innovative and profitable products. 

Successful growth depends upon our ability to add new retail and foodservice customers, enter into new markets, expand the 
number  of  products  sold  through  existing  customers  and  enhance  our  product  portfolio  with  new  innovative  and  profitable 
products. The development and introduction of new products involves risks, such as the investment associated with developing 
and marketing such new products, uncertainties regarding trade and consumer acceptance of such new products, the timeliness of 
such new product introductions and the potential for such new products to cause a decline in sales of our existing products. In 
addition,  our  growth  depends  upon  our  ability  to  obtain  new  customers  while  also  expanding  our  business  with  existing 
customers. Our failure to successfully add new customers, enter into new markets, expand our business with existing customers 

18

or enhance our product portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows. 

Damage to our reputation could adversely impact our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Our  reputation  could  be  adversely  affected  by  a  number  of  factors,  including  adverse  publicity  about  us,  our  business 
practices, products, packaging, ingredients or sponsorship or endorsement relationships (whether or not valid), our suppliers’ or 
third-party manufacturers’ business practices, our failure to maintain the quality of our products, the failure of our products to 
deliver consistently positive consumer experiences, concerns about food safety, real or perceived health concerns regarding our 
products,  lawsuits  filed  against  us,  our  suppliers  or  our  third-party  manufacturers,  our  products  becoming  unavailable  to 
consumers,  consumer  perceptions  that  we  have  acted  in  an  irresponsible  manner,  any  failure  or  perceived  failure  to  achieve 
sufficient  environmental,  social  and  governance  performance  or  any  failure  or  perceived  failure  to  act  in  a  manner  consistent 
with stakeholder expectations. In addition, negative perceptions of the food and beverage and pet food industries in their entirety, 
or segments of the food and beverage and pet food industries in which we operate, may heighten attention from consumers, third 
parties, the media, governments, our shareholders and other stakeholders and could adversely affect our reputation. The use of 
social and digital media increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative 
social  media  posts  or  comments  about  us,  our  business  practices,  brands,  products,  ingredients,  packaging,  sponsorship  or 
endorsement  relationships,  suppliers  or  third-party  manufacturers  or  the  food  and  beverage  and  pet  food  industries  generally 
(whether or not valid) in the media could damage our brands and reputation. If we do not maintain favorable perceptions of our 
Company or brands or if we experience a loss of confidence in us or our products, our businesses, financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

Agricultural diseases or pests could harm our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Many of our business activities are subject to a variety of agricultural risks, including agricultural diseases and pests, which 
can adversely affect the quality and quantity of the raw materials we use and the products we produce and distribute (or have 
produced or distributed by third parties), as well as increase the costs of production. Any actual or potential contamination of our 
products  could  result  in  product  recalls,  market  withdrawals,  product  detentions,  safety  alerts,  cessation  of  manufacturing  or 
distribution or, if we fail to comply with applicable FDA, USDA or other U.S. or international regulatory authority requirements, 
enforcement actions. We also could be subject to product liability claims or adverse publicity if any of our products are alleged 
to have caused illness or injury.

Avian influenza occasionally affects the domestic poultry industry, leading to hen deaths. In fiscal 2015, an avian influenza 
outbreak occurred in the Midwest of the U.S., affecting a substantial portion of our owned and third-party contracted flocks. In 
addition, in fiscal 2022 and early fiscal 2023, we were impacted by outbreaks of avian influenza. Although we utilize biosecurity 
measures  at  our  layer  locations  to  protect  against  disease  exposures,  if  our  facilities  are  exposed  to  diseases  and  pests,  such 
exposure could affect a substantial portion of our production facilities in any year and could have a material adverse effect on our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, diseases affecting livestock (including PEDV) 
occasionally impact sow supply, which could adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash 
flows. 

Technology failures or cybersecurity incidents could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our businesses. 

Information technology is critically important to our operations. We rely on information technology networks and systems 
to process, transmit and store operating and financial information, to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements and to 
manage  and  support  our  business  processes  and  activities,  including  our  manufacturing  operations.  We  also  depend  upon  our 
information technology infrastructure for electronic communications among our locations, personnel, customers and third-party 
manufacturers  and  suppliers.  With  a  number  of  employees  working  remotely  in  our  workforce,  our  traditional  network 
boundaries have been extended past our physical facilities, requiring that we protect our systems and data in environments that 
we  do  not  control.  In  addition,  third  parties  in  our  supply  chain  and  other  third-party  providers,  including  our  third-party 
suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and service providers (“Third Parties”), could be a source of security risk to us, or cause 
disruptions  to  our  normal  operations,  in  the  event  of  a  breach  of  their  products,  components,  networks,  security  systems  or 
infrastructure.

If we do not build and sustain the proper technology infrastructure or maintain or protect the related automated and manual 
control  processes,  or  if  one  of  our  Third  Parties  fails  to  provide  the  products  or  services  we  require,  we  could  be  subject  to, 
among other things, billing and collection errors, business disruptions or damage resulting from such events, particularly material 
security breaches and cybersecurity incidents. Our and our Third Parties’ information technology systems may be vulnerable to a 
variety  of  invasions,  interruptions  or  malfunctions  due  to  events  beyond  our  or  their  control,  including  natural  disasters,  user 
error, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, power outages, computer viruses, ransomware and malware, hardware and 
software  failures,  cybersecurity  incidents,  hackers  and  other  causes.  Such  invasions,  interruptions  or  malfunctions  could 
negatively impact our businesses. If any of our or our Third Parties’ significant information technology systems suffers severe 
damage, disruption or shutdown, including by malicious or unintentional actions of contractors or employees or by cyber attacks, 

19

and our business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our product sales, businesses, financial 
condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  may  be  materially  and  adversely  affected,  and  we  could  experience  delays  in 
reporting our financial results. In addition, there is a risk of business interruption, competitive loss, litigation, violation of data 
privacy laws, reputational damage and other losses from such events, including any leaks of confidential or personal information 
resulting therefrom. While we have insurance programs in place related to these matters, the potential liabilities associated with 
such events, or those that could arise in the future, could be excluded from coverage or, if covered, could exceed the coverage 
provided by such programs. In addition, such insurance programs are costly, and the costs could increase substantially over time.

Cyber  attacks  and  other  cybersecurity  incidents  are  occurring  more  frequently,  are  constantly  evolving  in  nature,  are 
becoming  more  sophisticated  and  are  being  made  by  individuals  and  groups  (including  criminal  hackers,  hacktivists,  state-
sponsored institutions, terrorist organizations and individuals or groups participating in organized crime) with a wide range of 
expertise  and  motives  (including  monetization  of  corporate,  payment  or  other  internal  or  personal  data,  fraud,  identity  theft, 
public embarrassment with the intent to cause financial or reputational harm, corporate or nation-state espionage, theft of trade 
secrets  and  intellectual  property  for  competitive  advantage  and  leverage  for  political,  social,  economic  and  environmental 
reasons).  Our  and  our  Third  Parties’  networks  and  systems  are  subject  to  constant  attempts  to  identify  and  exploit  potential 
vulnerabilities  in  our  and  their  operating  environments  potentially  resulting  in  cyber  intrusions,  hacks  or  ransom  attacks  with 
intent  to  disrupt  our  and  their  business  operations  and  capture,  destroy,  manipulate  or  expose  various  types  of  information 
relating to corporate trade secrets, customer information, vendor information and other sensitive business information, including 
acquisition  activity,  non-public  financial  results  and  intellectual  property  (“General  Cyber  Events”).  Although  we  have  not 
detected a material security breach to date, nor have we had a material impact resulting from a breach of one of our Third Parties, 
we have had and continue to experience General Cyber Events or other events of this nature and expect them to continue. 

We  implement  and  maintain  systems  and  processes  aimed  at  detecting  and  preventing  information  and  cybersecurity 
incidents,  which  require  significant  investment,  maintenance  and  ongoing  monitoring  and  updating  as  technologies  and 
regulatory requirements change and as efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated. Despite our efforts, the 
possibility  of  information  and  cybersecurity  incidents  and  human  error  or  malfeasance  cannot  be  eliminated  entirely  and  will 
evolve as new and emerging technology is deployed, including the use of generative artificial intelligence and personal mobile 
and  computing  devices  that  are  outside  of  our  network  and  control  environments.  Risks  associated  with  such  incidents  and 
activities  include  theft  of  funds  and  other  monetary  loss,  the  disruption  of  our  operations  and  the  unauthorized  disclosure, 
release,  gathering,  monitoring,  misuse,  modification,  loss  or  destruction  of  confidential,  proprietary,  trade  secret  or  other 
information (including account data information), the effects of which could be compounded if not detected or reported quickly. 
An information or cybersecurity incident may not be detected until well after it occurs and the severity and potential impact may 
not be fully known for a substantial period of time after it has been discovered.

Labor strikes or work stoppages by our employees could harm our businesses. 

Some of our full-time production, maintenance and warehouse employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. 
A dispute with a union or employees represented by a union could result in production interruptions caused by strikes or work 
stoppages. If a strike or work stoppage were to occur, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows 
could be adversely affected. In addition, we periodically renegotiate the collective bargaining agreements in place at our facilities 
as  such  agreements  expire,  and  we  expect  such  agreements  to  be  more  difficult  to  negotiate  due  to,  among  other  factors, 
heightened expectations from union members on wages, labor market conditions and inflation. As such agreements expire, if we 
are unable to enter into new agreements on favorable terms, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash 
flows could be adversely impacted. Further, there is no guarantee that we will be able to enter into new agreements in a timely 
manner, and if new agreements are not reached, there could be interruptions in production at the respective facilities. In addition, 
we  could  be  subject  to  unionization  efforts  at  our  non-union  facilities.  Increased  unionization  of  our  workforce  could  lead  to 
disruptions in our businesses, increases in our operating costs and constraints on our operating flexibility.

In  the  event  of  a  strike  or  work  stoppage,  we  have  contingency  plans  in  place  to  hire  additional  labor  or  manufacture 
products  in  other  locations  to  mitigate  disruption  to  our  businesses.  However,  there  are  limitations  inherent  in  any  plan  to 
mitigate disruption to our businesses in the event of a strike or work stoppage, and particularly in the case of a prolonged strike 
or  work  stoppage,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  it  would  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Our international operations subject us to additional risks. 

We  are  subject  to  a  number  of  risks  related  to  doing  business  internationally,  any  of  which  could  significantly  harm  our 

financial and operational performance. These risks include: 

• restrictions on the transfer of funds to and from foreign countries, including potentially negative tax consequences;

• unfavorable  changes  in  trade  agreements  or  treaties,  tariffs,  quotas,  trade  barriers,  import  or  export  licensing 

requirements or other trade restrictions;

20

• unfavorable changes in local regulatory requirements that impact our ability to sell our products in that country; 

• unfavorable currency exchange rates;

• challenges  associated  with  cross-border  product  distribution,  including  those  that  were  caused  (in  the  case  of  the 

COVID-19 pandemic) or may in the future be caused by a public health crisis;

• the occurrence of a public health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which may cause us or our distributors, third-
party manufacturers, vendors or customers to temporarily suspend our or their respective operations in the affected city 
or country;

• increased  exposure  to  general  market  and  economic  conditions,  political  and  economic  uncertainty  and  volatility  and 
other  events,  including  social  unrest,  government  shutdowns,  terrorist  activity  and  other  acts  of  violence,  acts  of  war 
and other armed hostilities (such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine) and travel restrictions, outside of the U.S.;

• compliance  with  U.S.  laws  and  regulations  affecting  operations  outside  of  the  U.S.,  including  anti-corruption 

regulations (such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), and changes to such laws and regulations; 

• compliance  with  treaties,  antitrust  and  competition  laws,  data  privacy  laws  (including  the  General  Data  Protection 
Regulation  and  the  E.U.’s  retained  law  version  of  the  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  and  the  E.U.-U.S.  Data 
Privacy Framework), anti-corruption laws (including the U.K. Bribery Act), food safety and marketing laws and other 
regulatory  requirements  and  a  variety  of  other  local,  national  and  multi-national  regulations  and  laws  in  multiple 
jurisdictions and changes to such treaties, laws and regulations;

• unfavorable  changes  in  foreign  tax  treaties  and  policies,  changes  in  the  mix  of  earnings  in  countries  with  differing 
statutory  tax  rates,  changes  in  the  valuation  of  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities,  changes  in  tax  laws  or  their 
interpretations or tax audit implications;

• exposure to evolving regulations and stakeholder expectations related to environmental, social and governance matters, 

which could have significant implications on our operations, products, marketing and disclosures;

• the potential difficulty of enforcing intellectual property and contractual rights;

• increased risk of uncollectible accounts and longer collection cycles;

• unfavorable changes in labor conditions and difficulties in staffing our operations; and

• the difficulty and costs of designing and implementing an effective data security and control environment across diverse 

regions and employee bases.

In addition, the exit of the U.K. from the E.U. (“Brexit”) in 2020 created uncertainty surrounding certain of our businesses. 
While trading through Brexit has become normal course of business, we continue to plan for and mitigate risks to production 
post-Brexit.  Specifically,  as  the  E.U.  and  the  U.K.  amend  legislation  and  regulations  post-Brexit,  there  is  a  risk  of  increased 
divergence between the E.U. and the U.K. regulatory regimes, and we continue to monitor for divergence in regulations which 
could impact our supply chain operations. We also closely monitor and manage our inventory levels of imported raw materials 
and finished goods in the U.K. Despite our efforts to control costs, we have continued to see inflationary cost pressures rise in 
our  U.K.  business  during  fiscal  2023,  as  we  also  have  experienced  in  other  markets.  If  Brexit,  or  new  trade  arrangements 
between the U.K. and the E.U., negatively impact the U.K. economy or result in disagreements on trade terms, then the impact to 
our operations, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be material.

Our financial performance on a U.S. dollar denominated basis is subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Because 
we have operations and assets in foreign jurisdictions, as well as a portion of our contracts and revenues denominated in foreign 
currencies,  and  our  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  U.S.  dollars,  we  must  translate  our  foreign  assets, 
liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses  into  U.S.  dollars  at  applicable  exchange  rates.  Consequently,  fluctuations  in  the  value  of 
foreign  currencies  relative  to  the  U.S.  dollar  may  negatively  affect  the  value  of  these  items  in  our  consolidated  financial 
statements. Our principal currency exposures are to the British pound sterling, the Euro and the Canadian dollar. From time to 
time,  we  enter  into  agreements  that  are  intended  to  reduce  the  effects  of  our  exposure  to  currency  fluctuations,  but  these 
agreements may not be effective in significantly reducing our exposure. To the extent we fail to manage our foreign currency 
exposure adequately, we may suffer losses in value of our net investment in a foreign operation, and our businesses, financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows may be negatively affected. 

National or international disputes, political instability, terrorism, war or armed hostilities may cause damage or disruption to 
us  and  our  employees,  facilities,  suppliers,  customers  and  information  systems  and  could  adversely  affect  our  businesses, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Geopolitical events, national or international disputes, political instability, terrorism or other acts of violence, war or armed 
hostilities, such as the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war, may cause damage or disruption to our operations, 

21

international commerce and the global economy. The reactions of governments, markets and the general public to such events, 
including economic sanctions, trade restrictions, tariffs and boycotts, may result in a number of adverse consequences for our 
businesses,  suppliers  and  customers.  Such  events  could  lead  to  supply  chain  and  transportation  disruptions,  constrained 
availability  of  raw  materials  and  other  commodities,  inflation,  increased  commodity,  energy  and  fuel  costs,  cyber  attacks, 
breaches of information systems, foreign currency fluctuations and other disruptions that could adversely affect our businesses 
and  our  customers,  distributors  and  suppliers.  Such  events  also  could  result  in  physical  harm  to  our  or  our  customers’, 
distributors’  or  suppliers’  employees  and  property.  In  addition,  such  events  could  cause  increased  volatility  in  the  capital 
markets, which could negatively impact our ability to obtain additional financing or refinance our existing debt obligations on 
commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any such events, including the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war, 
may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described herein, such as those relating to capital markets, raw 
materials, energy and freight costs, our supply chain, information security and market conditions, any of which could negatively 
affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Although we do not have operations in Russia, Ukraine or Belarus and do not have significant direct exposure to customers 
in  those  countries,  our  businesses  and  operations  have  been  negatively  impacted  by  increased  inflation,  escalating  energy  and 
fuel  prices  and  constrained  availability,  and  thus  increasing  costs,  of  certain  raw  materials  and  other  commodities,  and 
declarations of force majeure by certain suppliers. These and other impacts have caused, and may continue to cause, an adverse 
effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows that may be material. Similarly, although we do 
not  have  operations,  or  significant  direct  exposure  to  customers,  in  Israel  or  Gaza,  our  businesses  and  operations  could  be 
negatively impacted by increased energy costs, supply chain disruptions or adverse impacts on customers.

Climate  change,  or  legal,  regulatory  or  market  measures  to  address  climate  change,  may  negatively  affect  our  businesses, 
reputation and operations.

There is growing concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have caused and will continue 
to  cause  increases  in  the  frequency  or  severity  of  any  acute  (including  extreme  weather  and  natural  disasters)  or  chronic 
(including prolonged temperature and weather patterns) climatic events, fire and water stress. If any of these climatic events has 
a negative effect on agricultural productivity, we may be subject to disruptions in the availability or less favorable pricing for 
certain raw materials that are necessary for our products, including wheat, oats, corn and other grain products, sugar, fruit, nuts, 
eggs, potatoes,  animal proteins and dairy  products. In addition, increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather or 
natural  disasters  may  result  in  damage  or  disruptions  to  our  manufacturing  operations  or  our  third-party  manufacturers’ 
operations, disrupt our supply chain or distribution channels, impact demand for our products, increase our insurance or other 
operating  costs  or  require  us  to  make  additional  mandatory  or  voluntary  capital  expenditures.  Also,  water  is  essential  to  our 
businesses and the safety of our products, and the impacts of these climatic events may cause unpredictable availability of, or 
usage restrictions on, water of acceptable quality, which may lead to, among other things, adverse effects on our operations. 

The  increasing  concern  over  climate  change  and  related  environmental  sustainability  matters  also  may  result  in  more 
federal, state, local and foreign legal requirements, including requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases 
or  conserve  and  replenish  water,  implement  new  sustainability  initiatives  or  comply  with  additional  disclosure  obligations. 
Collecting, measuring, analyzing and auditing information relating to such matters can be costly, time-consuming, dependent on 
third-party cooperation and unreliable. Our compliance, or our customers’, suppliers’ or third-party manufacturers’ compliance, 
with  existing  laws  and  regulations  and  new  laws  or  regulations  enacted  in  the  future,  or  any  changes  in  how  existing  laws  or 
regulations  are  enforced,  administered  or  interpreted,  may  lead  to  an  increase  in  compliance  costs,  cause  changes  in  the  way 
operations are conducted or expose us to additional risk of liabilities and claims, which could have a material adverse effect on 
our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Also, our customers or consumers may place increased 
priority on purchasing products that are sustainably grown and made and certified as such, requiring us to incur increased costs 
for additional transparency, due diligence and reporting and for the inputs for such products. Further, our businesses could be 
adversely  affected  if  we  are  unable  to  remain  effectively  aligned  with  expectations  from  the  media,  shareholders  and  other 
stakeholders,  which  expectations  may  contradict  one  another,  on  strategy,  performance  and  disclosure  on  climate  change  and 
other environmental, social and governance matters, which could result in reduced demand for our products or adverse impacts 
on our ability to raise capital or could divert the attention of management and our employees from operating our businesses. Any 
failure to meet or delay in meeting, or perceived failure to meet or delay in meeting, stakeholder expectations on environmental, 
social  and  governance  matters  or  any  perception  of  a  failure  to  act  responsibly  with  respect  to  environmental,  social  or 
governance matters could lead to adverse publicity, which could damage our reputation, which in turn could adversely impact 
our financial results or our ability to raise capital, as well as expose us to regulatory and legal risks. 

22

Public health crises may adversely impact our financial and operational performance. 

Public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and measures taken by governments, businesses and individuals in 
response  to  such  crises  may  have  significant  impacts  on  our  businesses.  During  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  we  experienced, 
among other impacts, shifts away from consumption of our foodservice and certain on-the-go products due to reduced consumer 
traffic or changes in consumer preferences, adverse impacts on our operations and the operations of third parties in our supply 
chain  resulting  in  disruptions  in  our  ability  to  manufacture  and  deliver  our  products,  adverse  impacts  on  our  operating  costs, 
unexpected variability and volatility in consumer demand and delays or modifications to our strategic plans and other initiatives. 
The  COVID-19  pandemic  also  resulted  in  broader  economic  and  operational  challenges,  including  heightened  inflation,  labor 
shortages,  volatility  in  commodity  and  operating  costs  and  supply  chain  disruptions,  and  some  of  such  adverse  economic 
conditions continue to impact us. Public health crises evolve rapidly, and the severity, magnitude and duration of such public 
health  crises  are  uncertain  and  difficult  to  predict.  Future  public  health  crises  may  result  in  similar  impacts  or  additional 
challenges that we may not be able to foresee. Any public health crisis also may heighten or manifest other risks set forth herein. 
Any of these impacts may be material to our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Industry Risks

We operate in categories with strong competition. 

The human and pet food categories in which we operate are highly competitive. Competition in our categories is based on, 
among  other  things,  brand  appeal,  recognition  and  loyalty,  taste,  nutritional  value,  price,  ingredients,  product  quality,  product 
availability, variety, innovation, distribution, shelf space and product visibility, packaging, convenience, effective promotional 
activities and the ability to identify and satisfy dynamic, emerging consumer preferences. The ability of our retail businesses to 
compete may be limited by an inability to secure new retailers or maintain or add shelf or retail space for our products. Retailers 
may not provide us sufficient, if any, shelf space, and online retailers may not provide access to, or adequate product visibility 
on, their platforms. Certain weight loss drugs, which may suppress a person’s appetite, may cause competition in our product 
categories  to  increase,  if  consumers  reduce  purchases  of  certain  types  of  foods  or  of  food  products  altogether.  Some  of  our 
competitors may have substantial financial, marketing and other resources and may spend more aggressively on advertising and 
promotional activities than we do. In addition, smaller competitors have been gaining market share in categories in which our 
retail businesses compete. In most of our categories, we compete not only with widely advertised branded products, but also with 
private  label  and  store  brand  products.  Increased  competition  can  reduce  our  sales  due  to  loss  of  market  share  or  the  need  to 
reduce  prices  to  respond  to  competitive  and  customer  pressures  or  can  result  in  increased  capital,  marketing  or  other 
expenditures. Competitive and customer pressures, as well as industry supply and market demand, also may limit our ability to 
increase prices, including in response to increased costs (such as those resulting from inflation). Also, our competitors continue 
to  expand  and  evolve  their  usage  of  social  media  networks  and  digital  platforms  to  advertise  products.  If  we  are  unable  to 
compete in this environment and use social media and digital platforms effectively, our businesses, financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

Our Post Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments operate in the mature RTE cereal category, and the weakening of this 
category could materially adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Our Post Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments produce and distribute branded, licensed and private label RTE cereals 
and  hot  cereals,  other  cereal-based  food  products  and  muesli,  selling  products  to  grocery  stores,  discounters,  retailers, 
foodservice distributors, wholesalers and convenience stores primarily across the U.S., Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, the U.K. 
and  Ireland.  Despite  the  strong  demand  experienced  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic  starting  in  March  2020  and  continuing 
through the first half of fiscal 2021, the RTE cereal category had previously been experiencing weakness in recent years, and the 
RTE cereal category has since returned to demand levels largely in line with pre-pandemic levels. Continuing weakness in the 
RTE cereal category, or the weakening of our major products competing in this category, could have a material adverse impact 
on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

The  loss  of,  a  significant  reduction  of  purchases  by  or  the  bankruptcy  of  a  major  customer  may  adversely  affect  our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, consolidation of our customer base, as well 
as competitive, economic and other pressures facing our customers, may hurt our volumes or profit margins. 

A limited number of customers represents a large percentage of our consolidated net sales. Our largest customer, Walmart, 
accounted  for  17.3%  of  our  consolidated  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  Walmart  also  is  the  largest  customer  of  our  Post  Consumer 
Brands  segment,  accounting  for  32.6%  of  Post  Consumer  Brands’s  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  The  largest  customers  of  our 
Weetabix segment, Tesco and Asda, accounted for 28.3% of Weetabix’s net sales in fiscal 2023. The largest customers of our 
Foodservice  segment,  Sysco  and  US  Foods,  accounted  for  40.5%  of  the  segment’s  net  sales  in  fiscal  2023.  Additionally,  the 
largest customers of our Refrigerated Retail segment, Walmart and Kroger, accounted for 32.9% of the segment’s net sales in 
fiscal 2023. For purposes of this risk factor, “Walmart” refers to Walmart Inc. and its affiliates, which include Sam’s Club.

23

The success of our businesses depends, in part, on our ability to maintain our level of sales and product distribution through 
high-volume  food  distributors,  retailers,  club  stores,  supercenters,  mass  merchandisers,  pet  supply  retailers  and  national 
restaurant chains. The competition to supply products to these high-volume customers is intense. Our customers generally are not 
contractually  obligated  to  purchase  from  us,  and  they  frequently  reevaluate  the  products  they  carry.  A  decision  by  any  of  our 
major customers to decrease the amount of product purchased from us, including in response to shifts in consumer purchasing or 
traffic trends, sell another brand on an exclusive or priority basis, reduce shelf space allotted to our products, demand reduced 
pricing  or  change  the  manner  of  doing  business  with  us  could  reduce  our  revenues  and  materially  adversely  affect  our 
businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows.  Our  retail  customers  also  may  offer  branded  and  private 
label products that compete directly with our products for retail shelf space and consumer purchases. Accordingly, there is a risk 
that our customers may give higher priority to their own products or to the products of our competitors. In the event of a loss of 
any  of  our  large  customers,  a  significant  reduction  of  purchases  by  any  of  our  large  customers  or  the  bankruptcy  or  serious 
financial difficulty of any of our large customers, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be 
adversely affected. 

Over  the  past  several  years,  the  retail  and  foodservice  channels  have  undergone  significant  consolidations,  and  mass 
merchandisers  and  non-traditional  retailers,  including  online  food  retailers  and  discount  retailers,  have  been  gaining  market 
share. As this trend continues and such customers grow larger, they from time to time seek to use their position to improve their 
profitability  through  improved  efficiency,  lower  pricing,  increased  reliance  on  their  own  brand  name  products,  increased 
emphasis on private label and other value brands and increased promotional programs. In addition, larger retailers have the scale 
to develop supply chains that permit them to operate with reduced inventories. If we are unable to respond to this environment, 
our  profitability  or  volume  growth  could  be  negatively  impacted.  Additionally,  if  any  of  our  existing  retailer  or  distributor 
customers are consolidated with another entity and the surviving entity of any such consolidation is not a customer or decides to 
discontinue purchasing our products, we may lose significant amounts of our preexisting business with the acquired retailer or 
distributor.  These  consolidations  also  may  adversely  impact  the  ability  of  our  smaller  customers  to  effectively  compete.  The 
consolidation  in  the  retail  and  foodservice  channels  also  increases  the  risk  that  adverse  changes  to  our  customers’  business 
operations or financial performance could have a material adverse effect on us. Further, the traditional retail grocery outlets in 
the  U.S.  where  certain  of  our  businesses  are  concentrated  have  experienced  slower  growth  in  recent  years  than  other  retail 
channels,  such  as  discount  and  dollar  stores,  direct-to-consumer  brands,  subscription  services,  club  stores  and  eCommerce 
retailers. This trend accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect it to continue in the future. Our businesses may 
be adversely affected if such non-traditional retailers take significant additional market share away from traditional retailers, if 
we are unable to effectively participate in such non-traditional retail channels, if our customers fail to find ways to create digital 
tools and capabilities to enable them to grow their businesses or if consumer price deflation occurs as a result of this trend.

Our private label products may not be able to compete successfully with nationally branded products. 

We participate in the private brand food category, producing and distributing private label products, including through our 
ownership interest in 8th Avenue. In many cases, competitors with nationally branded products have a competitive advantage 
over private label products due to name recognition. In addition, when branded competitors focus on price and promotion, the 
environment for private label producers and distributors becomes more challenging because the price differential between private 
label  products  and  branded  products  may  become  less  significant.  Competitive  pressures  or  promotions  of  branded  products 
could cause us, 8th Avenue or our or 8th Avenue’s customers to lose sales, which may require us or 8th Avenue to lower prices 
or increase the use of discounting or promotional programs, each of which could adversely affect our or 8th Avenue’s margins, 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations, profitability and cash flows.

Strategic Risks 

We may be unable to successfully integrate the Pet Food operations and realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, or 
the parties may be unable to fulfill their obligations under agreements related to the acquisition. 

The  Pet  Food  acquisition  involves  the  combination  with  us  of  a  business  that  has  operated  independently  of  us  and 
represents our entry into the pet food industry and category. We are devoting significant management attention and resources to 
integrating  business  practices,  cultures  and  operations  of  our  pre-acquisition  businesses  and  the  Pet  Food  operations  and  to 
offering a new platform of pet food products. Potential difficulties we may encounter as part of the integration process include 
the following:

•

•

the  inability  to  successfully  combine  our  pre-acquisition  businesses  with  the  Pet  Food  operations  in  a  manner  that 
permits us to achieve the synergies and other benefits anticipated to result from the acquisition;

the challenges of providing a new offering of pet food products for which we have limited experience and of integrating 
complex information technology systems, operating procedures, regulatory compliance programs, technology, networks 
and other assets acquired as part of the Pet Food acquisition in a seamless manner that minimizes any adverse impact on 
customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies;

24

•

•

•

•

potential  unknown  liabilities,  liabilities  that  are  significantly  larger  than  we  currently  anticipate  and  unforeseen 
increased  expenses  or  delays  associated  with  the  Pet  Food  acquisition,  including  cash  costs  for  integration  that  may 
exceed the cash costs that we currently anticipate;

our  inability  to  comply  with  our  obligations  to  manufacture  certain  products  for  The  J.  M.  Smucker  Company 
(“Smucker”) under a co-manufacturing agreement;

our  dependence  on  Smucker  to  continue  to  manufacture  certain  products  and  to  provide  certain  services  and 
information, including financial information, to us for a period of time pursuant to transition services agreements and a 
co-manufacturing agreement; and

our limited post-closing indemnification or similar rights under the purchase agreement we entered into with Smucker 
concerning the representations and warranties Smucker made in the purchase agreement with respect to the Pet Food 
acquisition.  No  portion  of  the  purchase  price  for  the  acquisition  was  held  in  escrow  for  the  purpose  of  funding 
indemnifications claims, so we will have limited recourse against Smucker in the event any of the representations or 
warranties made by Smucker in the purchase agreement prove to be inaccurate or are breached.

Accordingly,  the  contemplated  benefits  of  the  Pet  Food  acquisition  may  not  be  realized  fully,  or  at  all,  or  may  take  longer  to 
realize than expected.

Our  announced  acquisition  of  Perfection  is  subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  various  closing  conditions  and  may  not  be 
consummated, which could adversely impact our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the 
price of our common stock.

On  October  10,  2023,  we  announced  that  we  had  entered  into  an  agreement  to  acquire  Perfection.  Completion  of  this 

acquisition is subject to certain customary closing conditions. 

We expect the Perfection acquisition to be completed late in the fourth calendar quarter of 2023, our first fiscal quarter of 
fiscal 2024. However, there can be no assurance that all closing conditions for the acquisition will be satisfied and, if they are 
satisfied, that they will be satisfied in time for the closing to occur during the previously referenced time frame.

If the Perfection acquisition is not completed, our ongoing business and financial results may be adversely affected, and we 

will be subject to a number of risks, including the following:

•

•

•

•

we  have  dedicated  significant  time  and  resources,  financial  and  otherwise,  in  planning  for  the  acquisition  and  the 
associated integration;

we are responsible for certain transaction costs relating to the Perfection acquisition, whether or not the acquisition is 
completed;

we are currently dependent on Smucker to continue to manufacture certain products for a limited period of time under a 
co-manufacturing agreement, and without the assets and facilities we anticipate acquiring from Perfection, we will be 
unable to manufacture such products on our own after the expiration of the co-manufacturing agreement;

we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets and from our customers and employees;

• matters  relating  to  the  acquisition  (including  integration  planning)  may  require  substantial  commitments  of  time  and 
resources by our management, whether or not the acquisition is completed, which could otherwise have been devoted to 
other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us; and

•

we  may  be  subject  to  litigation  related  to  any  failure  to  complete  the  acquisition  or  to  enforcement  proceedings 
commenced against us to perform our obligations under the purchase agreement.

If  the  Perfection  acquisition  is  not  completed,  these  risks  may  materialize  and  may  adversely  affect  our  businesses,  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows, as well as the price of our common stock.

Our business strategy depends upon us identifying and completing additional acquisitions and other strategic transactions. 
We  may  not  be  able  to  successfully  consummate  favorable  strategic  transactions  in  the  future.  Our  corporate  development 
activities also may have an adverse impact on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Although we continuously evaluate strategic transactions, we may be unable to identify suitable strategic transactions in the 
future or may not be able to enter into such transactions at favorable prices or on terms that are favorable to us. Alternatively, we 
may  in  the  future  enter  into  additional  strategic  transactions,  and  any  such  transaction  could  happen  at  any  time,  could  be 
material to our businesses and could take any number of forms, including, for example, an acquisition, investment or merger, for 
cash or in exchange for our equity securities, a divestiture or a joint venture. 

Evaluating potential transactions, including divestitures and joint ventures, requires additional expenditures (including legal, 
accounting and due diligence expenses, higher administrative costs to support any acquired entities and information technology, 

25

personnel  and  other  integration  expenses)  and  may  divert  the  attention  of  our  management  from  ordinary  course  operating 
matters. 

Our  corporate  development  activities  also  may  present  financial  and  operational  risks  and  may  have  adverse  effects  on 
existing business relationships with suppliers and customers. In addition, future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive 
issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities and amortization expenses related to certain intangible 
assets  and  increased  operating  expenses,  all  of  which  could,  individually  or  collectively,  adversely  affect  our  businesses, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may experience difficulties in integrating acquired businesses, or acquisitions may not perform as expected.

We  have  acquired  multiple  businesses,  and  we  may  continue  to  acquire  other  businesses,  including  Perfection.  The 
successful  integration  of  these  acquisitions  depends  upon  our  ability  to  manage  the  operations  and  personnel  of  the  acquired 
businesses.  Integrating  operations  is  complex  and  requires  significant  efforts  and  expenses  on  the  part  of  both  us  and  the 
acquired businesses. Potential difficulties we may encounter as part of the integration process include, but are not limited to, the 
following:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

employees  may  voluntarily  or  involuntarily  separate  employment  from  us  or  the  acquired  businesses  because  of  the 
acquisitions;

our management may have its attention diverted while trying to integrate the acquired businesses;

we may encounter obstacles when incorporating the acquired businesses into our operations and management, including 
integrating  or  separating  personnel,  financial  systems,  operating  procedures,  regulatory  compliance  programs, 
technology, networks and other assets in a seamless manner that minimizes any adverse impact on customers, suppliers, 
employees and other constituencies;

we may encounter differences in business backgrounds, corporate cultures and management philosophies;

integration may be more costly, time-consuming or complex or less effective than anticipated;

we may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls and procedures; and

we may discover previously undetected operational or other issues, such as fraud.

Any  of  these  factors  could  adversely  affect  our  and  the  acquired  businesses’  ability  to  maintain  relationships  with  customers, 
suppliers, employees and other constituencies.

In addition, the success of these acquired businesses will depend, in part, upon our ability to realize the anticipated growth 
opportunities and cost synergies through the successful integration of the businesses we acquire with our pre-existing businesses. 
Even if we are successful in integrating acquired businesses, these integrations may not result in the realization of the full benefit 
of any anticipated growth opportunities or cost synergies or these benefits may not be realized within the expected time frames. 
In addition, acquired businesses may have unanticipated liabilities or contingencies.

If  the  transactions  we  undertook  relating  to  divestitures  of  our  interest  in  BellRing  do  not  qualify  for  their  intended  tax 
treatment, we may incur significant tax liabilities.

In  March  2022,  we  completed  a  series  of  transactions  related  to  a  divestiture  of  a  substantial  portion  of  our  interest  in 
BellRing,  which  included  the  BellRing  Contribution,  the  BellRing  Distribution  and  the  Debt-for-Debt  Exchange.  After  the 
BellRing Distribution, we retained 14.2% of the shares of BellRing Common Stock. During August 2022, we completed the First 
Debt-for-Equity Exchange. Immediately after the completion of the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange, we held 3.4% of the shares 
of BellRing Common Stock. During November 2022, we completed the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange, which resulted in us 
no longer holding any interest in BellRing. Detailed descriptions of the transactions discussed in this risk factor are provided in 
“Business” in Item 1 of this report under the heading “Recent Strategic Transactions – BellRing Brands, Inc.”

The BellRing Distribution was conditioned upon the receipt of a tax opinion from our tax advisor which concluded that the 
BellRing Distribution, together with certain related transactions, such as the Debt-for-Debt Exchange, the First Debt-for-Equity 
Exchange  and  the  Second  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange,  qualifies  as  a  tax-free  reorganization  within  the  meaning  of  Sections 
368(a) and 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”) and is eligible for nonrecognition within the meaning of Sections 
355 and 361 of the IRC. The tax opinion was based on, among other things, then-current law and certain representations and 
assumptions as to factual matters and certain statements and undertakings made by us and Old BellRing. Any change in the then-
current applicable law, which may or may not be retroactive, or the failure of any factual representation, assumption, statement 
or undertaking to be true, correct and complete in all material respects, could adversely affect the conclusions reached in the tax 
opinion. In addition, the tax opinion is not binding on the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or the courts, and the IRS 
and/or the courts may not agree with the tax opinion. If the BellRing Distribution, the Debt-for-Debt Exchange, the First Debt-
for-Equity  Exchange  or  the  Second  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange  do  not  qualify  as  tax-free  transactions  for  any  reason,  we  may 

26

recognize  a  substantial  gain  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes,  which  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  businesses, 
financial condition and cash flows.

Moreover,  if  the  BellRing  Distribution  is  determined  not  to  qualify  for  nonrecognition  of  gain  and  loss  under  Sections 
368(a)  and  355  of  the  IRC,  each  of  our  U.S.  shareholders  who  received  shares  of  BellRing  Common  Stock  in  the  BellRing 
Distribution  would  generally  be  treated  as  receiving  a  taxable  distribution  in  an  amount  equal  to  the  fair  market  value  of  the 
shares  of  BellRing  Common  Stock  received  by  such  shareholder  in  the  BellRing  Distribution.  In  the  event  that  one  of  our 
shareholders  is  treated  as  receiving  a  taxable  distribution  pursuant  to  the  BellRing  Distribution,  the  distribution  to  such 
shareholder  would  generally  be  taxable  as  a  dividend  to  the  extent  of  such  shareholder’s  allocable  share  of  our  current  and 
accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). To the extent the distribution exceeds 
such  earnings  and  profits,  the  distribution  would  generally  constitute  a  non-taxable  return  of  capital  to  the  extent  of  such 
shareholder’s tax basis in its shares of Post common stock, with any remaining amount of the distribution taxed as a capital gain.

Pursuant to a tax matters agreement among us, BellRing and Old BellRing (the “Tax Matters Agreement”), BellRing has 
agreed  to  indemnify  us  for  any  tax  liabilities  resulting  from  certain  events,  actions  or  inactions  that  BellRing  takes  that  could 
affect the intended tax-free treatment of the transactions as set forth in the Tax Matters Agreement, including causing any portion 
of the BellRing Distribution, the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange or the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange to be taxable to us. 
BellRing’s indemnification obligations to us are not limited by any maximum amount and such amounts could be substantial. If 
BellRing  were  required  to  indemnify  us  under  the  circumstances  set  forth  in  the  Tax  Matters  Agreement,  BellRing  may  be 
subject to substantial liabilities and there is no assurance that BellRing will be able to satisfy such indemnification obligations.

Furthermore, pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement, if and to the extent (i) the BellRing Distribution, the First Debt-for-
Equity Exchange and/or the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange do not qualify as tax-free transactions, (ii) such failure to qualify 
as tax-free transactions gives rise to adjustments to the tax basis of assets held by BellRing and its subsidiaries and (iii) BellRing 
is not required to indemnify us for any tax liabilities resulting from such failure to qualify as tax-free transactions pursuant to the 
Tax Matters Agreement, we will be entitled to periodic payments from BellRing equal to 85% of the tax savings arising from the 
aggregate increase to the tax basis of the assets held by BellRing and its subsidiaries resulting from such failure. Any failure by 
BellRing  to  satisfy  these  periodic  payments,  which  could  be  substantial,  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  businesses, 
financial condition and cash flows.

Our  Company  has  overlapping  directors  and  management  with  BellRing  and  8th  Avenue,  each  of  which  may  lead  to 
conflicting interests or the appearance of conflicting interests. 

Several  of  our  directors  and  officers  also  serve  as  directors  or  officers  of  BellRing  and  8th  Avenue,  and  there  are 
overlapping  directors  with  such  entities.  Our  officers  and  members  of  our  Board  of  Directors  have  fiduciary  duties  to  our 
shareholders. Likewise, any such persons who serve in similar capacities at any of such other companies have fiduciary duties to 
that  company’s  shareholders.  Therefore,  such  persons  may  have  conflicts  of  interest  or  the  appearance  of  conflicts  of  interest 
with  respect  to  matters  involving  or  affecting  us  and  one  or  more  other  companies  to  which  they  owe  fiduciary  duties.  In 
addition, some of our officers or members of our Board of Directors may own equity or options to purchase equity in one or 
more of such other companies. Such ownership interests may create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when the applicable 
individuals are faced with decisions that could have different implications for us and the other companies. The appearance of 
conflicts of interest created by such overlapping relationships also could impair the confidence of our investors.

Financial Risks

We  have  substantial  debt  and  high  leverage,  which  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  financing  options  and  liquidity 
position and could adversely affect our businesses. 

We  have  a  significant  amount  of  debt.  We  had  $6,049.6  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  total  debt  as  of 
September  30,  2023.  Additionally,  our  secured  revolving  credit  facility  had  borrowing  capacity  of  $730.3  million  at 
September 30, 2023 (all of which would be secured when drawn). 

Our overall leverage and the terms of our financing arrangements could: 

•

limit  our  ability  to  obtain  additional  financing  in  the  future  for  working  capital,  for  capital  expenditures,  for 
acquisitions,  to  fund  growth  or  for  general  corporate  purposes,  even  when  necessary  to  maintain  adequate  liquidity, 
particularly if any ratings assigned to our debt securities by rating organizations were revised downward; 

• make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations under the terms of our financing arrangements; 

•

•

trigger limitations on our ability to deduct interest paid on such indebtedness;

limit our ability to refinance our indebtedness on terms acceptable to us or at all; 

• negatively impact our credit ratings;

27

•

•

•

limit our flexibility to plan for and to adjust to changing business and market conditions in the industries in which we 
operate and increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; 

require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to make interest and principal payments on 
our debt, thereby limiting the availability of our cash flows to fund future investments, capital expenditures, working 
capital, business activities and other general corporate requirements; 

require us to use cash, shares of our common stock or both to settle any conversion obligations of our 2.50% convertible 
senior notes maturing in 2027 (the “Convertible Notes”), and require us to use cash to repurchase some or all of the 
Convertible Notes if a fundamental change (for example, a change of control of the Company) occurs;

•

increase our vulnerability to adverse macroeconomic or industry conditions; and 

• subject us to higher levels of indebtedness than our competitors, which may cause a competitive disadvantage and may 

reduce our flexibility in responding to increased competition. 

Our ability to meet expenses and debt service obligations will depend upon our future performance, which will be affected 
by financial, business, economic and other factors, including the impact of adverse macroeconomic conditions (including periods 
of inflation, rising interest rates or recessions), public health crises, potential changes in consumer and customer preferences and 
behaviors, the success of product and marketing innovation and pressure from competitors. If we do not generate enough cash to 
pay  our  debt  service  obligations,  we  may  be  required  to  refinance  all  or  part  of  our  existing  debt  at  less  favorable  rates,  sell 
assets, borrow more money or issue additional equity.

Despite our current level of indebtedness, we may be able to incur substantially more debt, which could further exacerbate 
the risks related to our debt and leverage.

We may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future. Although the financing arrangements governing 
our indebtedness contain restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of 
qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. 
These  restrictions  also  may  not  prevent  us  from  incurring  obligations  that  do  not  constitute  indebtedness,  as  defined  in  the 
documents governing our indebtedness.

The  agreements  governing  our  debt,  including  the  indentures  governing  our  senior  notes,  contain,  or  may  in  future 
financings  contain,  various  covenants  that  limit  our  ability  to  take  certain  actions  and  also  require  us  to  meet  financial 
maintenance tests, and failure to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse effect on us. 

Our  financing  arrangements  contain  restrictions,  covenants  and  events  of  default  that,  among  other  things,  require  us  to 
satisfy  certain  financial  tests  and  maintain  certain  financial  ratios  and  restrict  our  ability  to  incur  additional  indebtedness,  to 
refinance our existing indebtedness and to pay dividends. Financing arrangements which we enter into in the future could contain 
similar  restrictions  and  could  additionally  require  us  to  comply  with  similar,  new  or  additional  financial  tests  or  to  maintain 
similar, new or additional financial ratios. The terms of our financing arrangements, financing arrangements which we enter into 
in the future and any future indebtedness may impose various restrictions and covenants on us that could limit our ability to pay 
dividends,  respond  to  market  conditions,  provide  for  capital  investment  needs  or  take  advantage  of  business  opportunities  by 
limiting  the  amount  of  additional  borrowings  we  may  incur.  These  restrictions  include  compliance  with,  or  maintenance  of, 
certain financial tests and ratios and may limit or prohibit our ability to, among other things:

• borrow money or guarantee debt; 

• create liens; 

• pay dividends on or redeem or repurchase stock or other securities; 

• make investments and acquisitions; 

• enter into or permit to exist contractual limits on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us; 

• enter into new lines of business; 

• enter into transactions with affiliates; and 

• sell assets or merge with other companies. 

Various  risks,  uncertainties  and  events  beyond  our  control,  including  the  impact  of  adverse  macroeconomic  conditions 
(including periods of inflation, rising interest rates or recessions) and public health crises, could affect our ability to comply with 
these restrictions and covenants. Failure to comply with any of the restrictions and covenants in our existing or future financing 
arrangements  could  result  in  a  default  under  those  arrangements  and  under  other  arrangements  containing  cross-default 
provisions. 

28

Our credit agreement contains customary financial covenants, including a covenant requiring us to maintain a secured net 
leverage ratio (as defined in our credit agreement) not to exceed 4.25 to 1.00, measured as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, if, 
as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, the aggregate outstanding amount of all revolving credit loans, swing line loans and letter 
of  credit  obligations  (subject  to  certain  exceptions  specified  in  our  credit  agreement)  exceeds  30%  of  our  revolving  credit 
commitments.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  under  the  terms  of  Joinder  Agreement  No.  4  dated  April  26,  2023  (the  “Joinder 
Agreement”), which provided for an incremental term loan of $400.0 million (the “Fourth Incremental Term Loan”) under our 
credit  agreement,  so  long  as  any  principal  or  accrued  interest  remains  outstanding  with  respect  the  Fourth  Incremental  Term 
Loan, we are required to comply with financial covenants consisting of the foregoing secured net leverage ratio and a minimum 
consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in our credit agreement) of not less than 2.00 to 1.00, with each such financial 
covenant  measured  as  of  the  last  day  of  each  fiscal  quarter.  In  addition,  the  Joinder  Agreement  contain  certain  mandatory 
prepayment provisions.

A  default  would  permit  the  lenders  or  noteholders,  as  applicable,  to  accelerate  the  maturity  of  the  debt  under  these 
arrangements  and,  with  respect  to  our  credit  agreement,  to  foreclose  upon  any  collateral  securing  the  debt.  Under  these 
circumstances, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations, including our obligations 
under our indentures and credit agreement. In addition, the limitations imposed by financing agreements on our ability to incur 
additional debt and to take other actions might significantly impair our ability to obtain other financing. 

Certain of our subsidiaries are not subject to the restrictive covenants in our debt, and their financial resources and assets 
may not be available to us to pay our obligations on our indebtedness. 

We have designated 8th Avenue and its subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries under our credit agreement and senior note 
indentures. Any subsidiary that is designated as unrestricted is not a guarantor under our credit agreement or under our senior 
note  indentures,  and  the  assets  of  our  unrestricted  subsidiaries  do  not  secure  our  obligations  under  our  credit  agreement.  In 
addition,  8th  Avenue  has  entered  into  secured  credit  facilities  that  are  separate  from  our  credit  agreement  and  senior  note 
indentures  and  that  restrict,  among  other  matters,  its  ability  to  make  distributions  to  us  or  engage  in  transactions  with  us. 
Accordingly, the financial resources and other assets of 8th Avenue and its subsidiaries may not be available to us to pay our 
obligations on our indebtedness or, if available, may be significantly limited. 

To service our indebtedness and other cash needs, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash 
depends upon many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to pay interest on our outstanding senior notes, to fund the settlement of our Convertible Notes, to satisfy our 
other debt obligations and to fund any planned capital expenditures, dividends and other cash needs will depend in part upon the 
future financial and operating performance of our subsidiaries and upon our ability to renew or refinance borrowings. Prevailing 
economic conditions and financial, business, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our 
control,  including  the  impact  of  periods  of  inflation,  rising  interest  rates,  recessions  and  public  health  crises,  will  affect  our 
ability to make these payments. 

If  we  are  unable  to  make  payments  or  refinance  our  debt  or  obtain  new  financing  under  these  circumstances,  we  may 

consider other options, including: 

• sales of assets; 

• sales of equity; 

•

reductions or delays of capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and investments; or 

• negotiations with our lenders to restructure the applicable debt.

Our businesses may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and future borrowings may not be available to us in a 
sufficient amount, to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including the senior notes and our other debt obligations, or to fund our 
other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to 
refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Unsuccessful  implementation  of  business  strategies  to  reduce  costs,  or  unintended  consequences  of  the  implementation  of 
such strategies, may adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Many  of  our  costs,  such  as  raw  materials,  energy  and  freight,  are  impacted  by  factors  that  are  outside  of  our  control. 
Therefore, to offset any increases in such costs, we must seek to reduce costs in other areas, such as through operating efficiency. 
If we are not able to complete projects designed to reduce costs and increase operating efficiency on time or within budget, or if 
the implementation of these projects results in unintended consequences, such as business disruptions, distraction of management 
and  employees  or  reduced  productivity,  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  may  be 
adversely impacted. Labor shortages, inflation and shortages of materials have adversely affected and may continue to adversely 
affect our ability to timely obtain equipment and materials necessary to complete planned capital projects. Future disruptions and 

29

uncertainties  for  a  sustained  period  of  time  could  result  in  additional  delays  or  modifications  to  our  strategic  plans  and  other 
initiatives  or  impact  our  ability  to  complete  projects  to  reduce  costs  or  improve  efficiency  on  planned  timelines.  If  the  cost-
saving  initiatives  we  have  implemented,  or  any  future  cost-saving  initiatives,  do  not  generate  the  expected  cost  savings  and 
synergies, our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected. 

Actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance and forward-looking statements.

From  time  to  time,  we  release  guidance  regarding  our  future  performance,  the  future  performance  of  some  or  all  of  our 
unconsolidated and consolidated subsidiaries or the expected future performance of companies or businesses that we have agreed 
to acquire. This guidance, which consists of forward-looking statements, is prepared by our management and is qualified by, and 
subject to, the assumptions and the other information contained or referred to in such release and certain factors described in our 
current  and  periodic  reports  filed  with  the  SEC.  Our  guidance  is  not  prepared  with  a  view  toward  compliance  with  published 
guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and neither our independent registered public accounting 
firm  nor  any  other  independent  expert  or  outside  party  has  audited,  reviewed,  examined,  compiled  or  applied  agreed  upon 
procedures with respect to the guidance, and accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance 
with respect thereto. The independent registered public accounting firm report included herein relates to our historical financial 
statements. It does not extend to any guidance and should not be read to do so.

Guidance  is  based  upon  a  number  of  assumptions  and  estimates  that,  although  presented  with  numerical  specificity,  are 
inherently subject to business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control 
and  are  based  upon  specific  assumptions  with  respect  to  future  business  decisions,  some  of  which  will  change.  We  generally 
state possible outcomes as high and low ranges which are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed but 
are  not  intended  to  represent  that  actual  results  could  not  fall  outside  of  the  suggested  ranges.  The  principal  reason  that  we 
release this data is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not 
accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such persons. 

Guidance  is  necessarily  speculative  in  nature,  and  it  can  be  expected  that  some  or  all  of  the  assumptions  of  the  guidance 
furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate 
of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results will vary from the guidance. Investors also 
should recognize that the reliability of any forecasted financial data diminishes the farther in the future that the data is forecasted. 
In light of the foregoing, investors are urged to put the guidance in context and not to place undue reliance on it.

Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the risks or uncertainties set forth in 
this report could result in actual operating results being different than the guidance, and such differences may be adverse and 
material.

Impairment  in  the  carrying  value  of  intangible  assets  could  negatively  impact  our  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.  If  our  goodwill  or  other  intangible  assets  become  impaired,  we  will  be  required  to  record  impairment  charges, 
which may be significant. 

Our balance sheet includes a significant amount of intangible assets, including goodwill, trademarks, trade names, customer 
relationships  and  other  acquired  intangibles.  Goodwill  and  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  are  expected  to  contribute 
indefinitely  to  our  cash  flows  and  are  not  amortized.  Management  reviews  all  intangible  assets  for  impairment  on  at  least  an 
annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may be impaired. Impairments to 
intangible assets may be caused by factors outside of our control, such as increasing competitive pricing pressures, lower than 
expected revenue and profit growth rates, changes in industry EBITDA (which stands for earnings before interest, income taxes, 
depreciation  and  amortization)  and  revenue  multiples,  changes  in  discount  rates  based  on  changes  in  cost  of  capital  (interest 
rates, etc.) or the bankruptcy of a significant customer. These factors, along with other internal and external factors, could have a 
significant  negative  impact  on  our  fair  value  determination,  which  could  then  result  in  a  material  impairment  charge  in  our 
results of operations. In fiscal 2023, we had an impairment of goodwill and no impairments of other intangible assets. In fiscal 
2022  and  2021,  we  had  no  impairments  of  goodwill  or  other  intangible  assets.  Refer  to  Notes  2  and  8  within  “Notes  to 
Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report for a discussion of our goodwill and other intangible assets.

Increases in labor-related costs, including the costs of medical and other employee health and welfare benefits, may reduce 
our profitability. 

Inflationary  pressures,  shortages  in  the  labor  market  and  increased  competition  for  skilled  and  talented  employees  have 
increased our labor costs, which have negatively impacted our profitability, and we expect this trend to continue into fiscal 2024, 
although  there  are  some  economic  indicators  beginning  to  signal  an  alleviation  of  wage  pressures.  Although  we  continue  to 
develop  and  enhance  opportunities  for  efficient  work  processes,  including  using  robotic  technology  and  other  artificial 
intelligence capabilities, an inability to automate processes in our manufacturing and distribution facilities could cause this trend 
of  increasing  labor  costs  to  continue.  Labor  costs  also  include  the  costs  of  providing  medical  and  other  health  and  welfare 
benefits to our employees as well as certain former employees. With 11,430 employees as of November 1, 2023 (which excludes 

30

the employees of our unconsolidated subsidiaries), our profitability may be substantially affected by the costs of such benefits. 
Although we try to control these costs, they can vary because of changes in health care laws and claims experience, which have 
the potential to increase the cost of providing medical and other employee health and welfare benefits. Any substantial increase 
in these costs could have a materially negative impact on our profitability. 

Increases in interest rates may negatively affect earnings. 

As of September 30, 2023, we did not have debt outstanding under our variable interest rate revolving credit facility, and we 
had  $400.0  million  of  variable  interest  rate  term  loan  debt  and  $5.3  million  of  municipal  bond  debt  outstanding.  We  utilize 
derivative instruments to hedge the variable interest rate risk associated with our outstanding term loan debt. In the future, we 
may have additional debt outstanding with exposure to interest rate risk. As a result, we may be adversely impacted by rising 
interest  rates.  Also,  at  September  30,  2023,  we  held  derivative  instruments,  including  those  hedging  our  variable  interest  rate 
term  loan  debt  previously  referenced,  whose  market  values  are  subject  to  changes  in  the  secured  overnight  financing  rate 
(“SOFR”) rate. These derivative instruments have resulted, and may continue to result, in volatility in our financial results due to 
interest rate fluctuations.

The  U.K.  Financial  Conduct  Authority  fully  discontinued  the  London  Inter-Bank  Offered  Rate  (“LIBOR”)  as  a  reference 
rate as of June 30, 2023. With the transition from LIBOR to SOFR as the preferred alternative to LIBOR, we have transitioned 
and amended our contracts to reference the SOFR rate where required. Although we have not experienced, and do not expect to 
experience,  a  material  adverse  impact  from  the  transition  from  LIBOR  to  SOFR,  the  consequences  of  the  transition  remain 
uncertain at this time.

Volatility in the market value of derivative instruments we use to manage exposures to fluctuations in commodity prices and 
interest rates may cause volatility in our net earnings.

We utilize derivative instruments to manage commodity price risk for some of our principal ingredients and energy costs. In 
addition, from time to time, we utilize derivative instruments to manage our interest rate risk. Changes in the fair value of these 
derivative  instruments,  which  are  not  designated  for  hedge  accounting,  are  recognized  immediately  in  our  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations, resulting in volatility in our net earnings. If the fair value of these derivative instruments changes in an 
unpredictable  or  significantly  favorable  or  unfavorable  manner,  we  may  experience  material  adjustments  within  our  results  of 
operations. Refer to Notes 2 and 13 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report for a discussion 
of our derivative instruments.

Gains  and  losses  related  to  our  commodity  derivative  instruments  are  reported  in  cost  of  goods  sold  in  our  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Operations  and  in  unallocated  general  corporate  expenses  in  our  segment  operating  results  until  we  utilize  the 
underlying input in our manufacturing process, at which time the gains and losses are recorded within segment operating profit. 
Gains  and  losses  related  to  our  interest  rate  derivative  instruments  are  reported  in  income/expense  on  swaps,  net  in  our 
Consolidated Statements of Operations. 

Our  borrowing  costs  and  access  to  capital  and  credit  markets  could  be  adversely  affected  by  a  downgrade  or  potential 
downgrade of our credit ratings. 

Rating agencies routinely evaluate us, and their ratings of our debt are based upon a number of factors, including our cash 
generating capability, levels of indebtedness, policies with respect to shareholder distributions and financial strength generally, 
as well as factors beyond our control, such as the then-current state of the economy and our industry generally. Any downgrade 
of our credit ratings by a credit rating agency, whether as a result of our actions or factors which are beyond our control, could 
increase our future borrowing costs, impair our ability to access capital and credit markets on terms commercially acceptable to 
us or at all and result in a reduction in our liquidity. Our borrowing costs and access to capital markets also could be adversely 
affected  if  a  credit  rating  agency  announces  that  our  ratings  are  under  review  for  a  potential  downgrade.  An  increase  in  our 
borrowing costs, limitations on our ability to access the global capital and credit markets or a reduction in our liquidity could 
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may experience losses or be subject to increased funding and expenses to our qualified pension and other postretirement 
plans, which could negatively impact profits.

We  maintain  and  contribute  to  qualified  defined  benefit  plans  in  the  U.S.,  Canada  and  the  U.K.,  primarily  for  our  Post 
Consumer Brands and Weetabix businesses. With respect to those plans we maintain, we are obligated to ensure that such plans 
are funded or paid in accordance with applicable regulations. In the event the assets in which we invest do not perform according 
to expectations, or the valuation of the projected benefit obligation increases due to changes in interest rates or other factors, we 
may  be  required  to  make  significant  cash  contributions  to  these  plans  and  recognize  increased  expense  on  our  financial 
statements. 

31

Legal and Regulatory Risks

If  our  products  become  adulterated  or  contaminated,  or  if  they  are  misbranded  or  mislabeled,  we  might  need  to  recall  or 
withdraw those items and may experience product liability claims if consumers or their pets are injured. 

Selling  products  for  human  and  animal  consumption  involves  a  number  of  risks,  including  contamination,  spoilage, 
degradation, tampering, allergens, mislabeling or other adulteration. Additionally, many of the ingredients used to make certain 
of  our  products,  including  eggs,  pork,  nuts,  raw  potatoes  and  grains,  are  vulnerable  to  contamination  by  naturally  occurring 
molds  and  pathogens,  such  as  salmonella.  These  pathogens  may  survive  in  our  products  as  a  result  of  improper  handling  by 
customers or consumers. We do not have control over handling procedures once our products have been shipped for distribution 
or delivered. We may need to recall, withdraw or isolate some or all of our products if there is suspected or confirmed damage, 
adulteration, undeclared allergens, mislabeling, misbranding or other food safety concerns, whether caused by us or someone in 
our  supply  chain  or  distribution  network.  Such  an  incident  could  result  in  destruction  of  product  ingredients  and  inventory, 
negative publicity, temporary plant closings, supply chain interruption, substantial costs of compliance or remediation, fines and 
increased scrutiny by federal, state and foreign regulatory agencies. New scientific discoveries regarding ingredients, microbes 
and food manufacturing may bring additional risks and latent liability. Should consumption of any of our products cause illness 
or  injury,  we  may  be  liable  for  monetary  damages  as  a  result  of  claims  against  us.  In  addition,  adverse  publicity,  including 
claims,  whether  or  not  valid,  that  our  products  or  ingredients  are  unsafe  or  of  poor  quality,  may  discourage  consumers  or 
customers from buying our products or cause production and delivery disruptions. Although we have various insurance programs 
in  place,  any  of  these  events  or  a  loss  of  consumer  or  customer  confidence  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses, 
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Violations  of  laws  or  regulations,  as  well  as  new  laws  or  regulations  or  changes  to  existing  laws  or  regulations  or  to 
interpretations thereof, could adversely affect our businesses. 

Our businesses are subject to a variety of laws and extensive regulations administered by federal, state and local government 
authorities  for  both  the  countries  where  we  manufacture  or  license  products,  primarily  in  the  U.S.,  Canada  and  the  U.K.,  and 
those where we distribute products, including requirements related to food safety, quality, manufacturing, processing, storage, 
marketing, advertising, labeling and distribution, animal welfare, worker health and workplace safety. Changes in these legal or 
regulatory requirements, including new food safety requirements, revised labeling requirements for human or pet food (such as 
front of pack labeling requirements, changes to nutrition facts labeling and pet food label modernization), and sales or media and 
marketing  restrictions,  or  evolving  interpretations  of  existing  legal  or  regulatory  requirements,  may  result  in  increased 
compliance costs and other financial obligations. In the U.S., we are regulated by, and our activities are affected by, among other 
federal, state and local authorities and regulations, the FDA, the USDA, the Federal Trade Commission, the Occupational Safety 
and  Health  Administration  and  California’s  Safe  Drinking  Water  and  Toxic  Enforcement  Act  of  1986  (Proposition  65). 
Internationally,  we  are  regulated  by,  among  other  authorities,  Health  Canada,  the  U.K.’s  Food  Standards  Agency,  Health  and 
Safety  Executive,  Environment  Agency,  Environmental  Health,  the  Information  Commissioners  Office  and  the  Trading 
Standards Office and their equivalents in E.U. member states. We also are regulated by similar authorities elsewhere in the world 
where  our  products  are  distributed  or  licensed.  Certain  of  our  businesses  are  subject  to  heightened  regulations.  Specifically, 
certain  of  our  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail  businesses’  products  are  subject  to  continuous  on-site  inspections  by  the 
USDA. Such heightened regulatory scrutiny results in increased costs of operations and the potential for delays in product sales. 
In addition, there is some risk that product classifications could be changed by the regulators, which could result in significant 
fines, penalties, discontinued distribution and relabeling costs.

Governmental  regulations  also  affect  taxes  and  levies,  tariffs,  import  and  export  restrictions,  healthcare  costs,  energy 
sourcing and usage, environmental and sustainability actions and disclosures, competition, data privacy and security and related 
disclosures, immigration and labor issues, governmental assistance programs and incentives (as examples, the discontinuation of 
the  heightened  Supplemental  Nutrition  Assistance  Program  benefits  that  were  put  in  place  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic, 
which  occurred  during,  and  adversely  impacted  us  in,  fiscal  2023,  and  the  resumption  of  student  loan  repayments  that  were 
temporarily suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic, which occurred in October 2023) and other regulatory reforms, any or 
all of which may have a direct or indirect effect on our businesses or the businesses of our customers, suppliers or third-party 
manufacturers. In addition, we could be the target of claims relating to alleged false or deceptive advertising under federal, state 
and  foreign  laws  and  regulations  and  may  be  subject  to  initiatives  to  limit  or  prohibit  the  marketing  and  advertising  of  our 
products to children or products containing certain ingredients. We also may be impacted by changes to administrative policies, 
such as business restrictions, tariffs and trade agreements, in markets in which we manufacture, sell or distribute our products.

The impact of current laws and regulations, changes in these laws or regulations or interpretations thereof or the introduction 
of  new  laws  or  regulations  could  increase  the  costs  of  doing  business  for  us  or  our  customers,  suppliers  or  third-party 
manufacturers,  causing  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  to  be  adversely  affected.  As 
specific examples, some states have passed laws or enacted regulations, or may do so in the future, that mandate specific housing 
requirements for layer hens and mandate specific space requirements for farm animal enclosures, including layer hens and pigs, 
which have resulted, and may in the future result, in us incurring additional operating and capital costs. In addition, there is an 

32

increased focus by foreign, federal, state and local regulatory and legislative bodies regarding environmental policies relating to 
packaging,  environmental  contaminants,  climate  change  and  the  regulation  of  greenhouse  gas  emissions  and  mandatory 
disclosures related to such topics. Compliance with any such legal or regulatory requirements may require us to make significant 
changes  to  our  business  operations,  strategy,  supply  chain  management  and  disclosures,  which  will  likely  require  substantial 
time,  attention  and  costs.  The  limited  availability  of  government  inspectors  due  to  a  government  shutdown,  government 
restrictions,  public  health  crises  or  closed  borders  also  could  cause  disruption  to  our  manufacturing  facilities.  A  government 
shutdown also could impact our ability to receive governmental approvals necessary for our businesses, such as labeling of new 
products.

It is possible that federal, state, local or foreign enforcement authorities might take regulatory or enforcement action, which 
could  result  in  significant  fines  or  penalties  and  revocations  of  required  licenses  or  injunctions,  as  well  as  potential  criminal 
sanctions. Even if we make changes to align ourselves with changing legal or regulatory requirements, we may still be subject to 
significant penalties if such laws and regulations are interpreted and applied in a manner inconsistent with our practices. If we 
are found to be significantly out of compliance with applicable laws, regulations or permits, an enforcement authority could issue 
a  warning  letter,  institute  enforcement  actions  or  both,  which  could  result  in  additional  costs,  product  detentions,  substantial 
delays  in  production  or  even  a  temporary  shutdown  in  manufacturing  and  product  sales  while  the  non-conformances  are 
rectified.  Also,  we  may  have  to  recall  product  or  otherwise  remove  product  from  the  market  and  temporarily  cease  its 
manufacture and distribution, which would increase our costs and reduce our revenues. Any claims, such as product liability or 
labeling  claims,  resulting  from  the  failure  to  comply  with  applicable  laws  and  regulations  would  be  expensive  to  defend  and 
could result in substantial damage awards against us or harm our reputation. Any of these events would negatively impact our 
revenues and costs of operations. 

Pending and future litigation may impair our reputation or cause us to incur significant costs.

We are, or may become, party to various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business, which may include 
lawsuits  or  claims  relating  to  contracts,  intellectual  property,  product  recalls,  product  liability,  the  advertising,  marketing, 
labeling or certification of products, employment matters, environmental matters, data privacy or security or other aspects of our 
business. Over the past several years, there has been an increase in lawsuits filed against food and beverage companies, as well 
as  pet  food  companies,  alleging  deceptive  advertising  and  labeling.  Negative  publicity  resulting  from  allegations  made  in 
lawsuits or claims asserted against us, whether or not valid, may adversely affect our reputation or brands. In addition, we may 
incur  substantial  costs  and  fees  in  defending  such  actions  or  asserting  our  rights,  be  required  to  pay  damage  awards  or 
settlements  or  become  subject  to  injunctions  or  other  equitable  remedies,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The outcome of pending or future litigation is often difficult 
to predict and may have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Although we have various insurance programs in place, the potential liabilities associated with these litigation matters, or 
those that could arise in the future, could be excluded from coverage or, if covered, could exceed the coverage provided by such 
programs.  In  addition,  insurance  carriers  may  seek  to  rescind  or  deny  coverage  with  respect  to  pending  or  future  claims  or 
lawsuits. If we do not have sufficient coverage under our policies, or if coverage is denied, we may be required to make material 
payments  to  settle  litigation  or  satisfy  any  judgment.  Any  of  these  consequences  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Failure  to  comply  with  personal  data  protection  and  privacy  laws  can  adversely  affect  our  businesses,  financial  condition, 
results of operations and cash flows. 

  We  are  subject  to  an  evolving  body  of  federal,  state  and  foreign  laws,  regulations,  guidelines  and  principles  regarding 
personal information, data privacy, data protection and data security. Such laws, regulations, guidelines and principles impose 
varying  obligations  and  requirements  from  country  to  country  or,  within  the  U.S.,  from  state  to  state,  which  can  create 
complexity  in  our  compliance  efforts.  Our  efforts  to  comply  with  such  requirements,  including  the  General  Data  Protection 
Regulation,  the  E.U.’s  retained  law  version  of  the  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  and  the  E.U.-U.S.  Data  Privacy 
Framework and the California Consumer Privacy Act (as modified by the California Privacy Rights Act), require significant time 
and  resources  and  impose  significant  challenges  that  are  likely  to  continue  to  increase  over  time,  particularly  as  additional 
jurisdictions adopt similar requirements. In addition, if a state or other jurisdiction where we have substantial operations were to 
adopt new requirements, we could incur substantial compliance costs. Failure to comply with these requirements or to otherwise 
protect personal data from unauthorized access, use or other processing could result in substantial penalties or fines, regulatory 
proceedings,  litigation  and  damage  to  our  reputation,  all  of  which  could  adversely  affect  our  businesses,  financial  condition, 
results of operations or cash flows. 

33

We  are  subject  to  certain  continuing  obligations,  including  indemnification  obligations  and  lease  guarantor  obligations, 
related  to  the  sale  of  the  Bob  Evans  restaurants  business  that  could  adversely  affect  our  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations and cash flows. 

In April 2017, prior to our acquisition of Bob Evans, Bob Evans completed the sale and separation of its restaurants business 
(the  “Bob  Evans  Restaurants  Transaction”)  to  Bob  Evans  Restaurants,  LLC,  a  Delaware  limited  liability  company  formed  by 
affiliates  of  Golden  Gate  Capital  Opportunity  Fund,  L.P.  (the  “Bob  Evans  Restaurants  Buyer”),  pursuant  to  a  sale  agreement 
between  Bob  Evans  and  the  Bob  Evans  Restaurants  Buyer  (the  sale  agreement,  together  with  agreements  related  thereto, 
collectively  referred  to  as  the  “Restaurants  Sale  Agreement”).  As  a  result  of  our  acquisition  of  Bob  Evans,  we  have  the 
obligation  to  indemnify  the  Bob  Evans  Restaurants  Buyer  for  certain  breaches  of  the  Restaurants  Sale  Agreement  and  certain 
other liabilities set forth in the Restaurants Sale Agreement. 

In addition, in connection with the Bob Evans Restaurants Transaction, the Bob Evans Restaurants Buyer assumed the lease 
obligations  of  the  Bob  Evans  restaurants  business.  However,  as  part  of  a  sale  leaseback  transaction  of  143  of  Bob  Evans’s 
restaurant  properties  that  Bob  Evans  completed  in  2016,  Bob  Evans  and  one  of  its  wholly-owned  subsidiaries  entered  into 
payment and performance guarantees relating to the leases on such restaurant properties (the “Guarantees”), which remained in 
place after the completion of the Bob Evans Restaurants Transaction. The Guarantees have subsequently been adjusted to 130 
properties.  Although  the  Bob  Evans  Restaurants  Buyer  assumed  responsibility  for  the  payment  and  performance  obligations 
under the leases on the sale leaseback properties, under the terms of the Guarantees, we remain liable for payments due under 
any of the leases that remain in place if the Bob Evans Restaurants Buyer fails to satisfy its lease obligations where we do not 
otherwise have adequate defenses under the Guarantees, the lease agreements or applicable law. Any such unexpected expenses 
related  to  our  obligations  under  the  Guarantees  or  under  the  Restaurants  Sale  Agreement  could  adversely  affect  our  financial 
condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our  intellectual  property  rights  are  valuable  and  any  inability  to  protect  them  could  reduce  the  value  of  our  products  and 
brands. 

We  consider  our  intellectual  property  rights,  particularly  our  trademarks,  but  also  our  patents,  trade  secrets,  know-how, 
copyrights and licenses, to be a significant and valuable asset to us. We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through 
a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as exclusive and nonexclusive licensing agreements, 
third-party  nondisclosure,  confidentiality  and  assignment  agreements,  confidentiality  provisions  in  third-party  agreements  and 
the policing of third-party misuses of our intellectual property. Our failure or inability to obtain or maintain adequate protection 
of  our  intellectual  property  rights,  or  any  change  in  law  or  other  changes  that  serve  to  lessen  or  remove  the  current  legal 
protections of intellectual property, may diminish our competitiveness and could materially harm our businesses. In addition, as 
certain of our trademarks, trade names and trade secrets are subject to licenses and are shared and used by third parties, negative 
events outside of our control could have an adverse impact on us and our businesses, financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows.

We  face  the  risk  of  claims  that  we  have  infringed  third  parties’  intellectual  property  rights.  Any  claims  of  intellectual 
property  infringement,  even  those  without  merit,  could  be  costly  and  time-consuming  to  defend;  cause  us  to  cease  making, 
licensing or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property; require us to redesign or rebrand our products or 
packaging, if feasible; divert management’s attention and resources; or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in 
order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property. Any royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be 
available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Additionally, a successful claim of infringement against us could require us to pay 
significant damages, enter into costly license or royalty agreements or stop the sale of certain products, any or all of which could 
have a negative impact on our operating profits and harm our future prospects.

Termination of our material intellectual property licenses could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.

We market certain of our products in the U.S., Canada, the U.K. and several other locations pursuant to intellectual property 
license agreements. These licenses give us the right to use certain names, characters and logos in connection with our products 
and to sell the products in certain regions. If we were to breach any material term of these license agreements and not timely cure 
the breach, the licensor could terminate the agreement. If the licensor were to terminate our rights to use the names, characters 
and logos for this reason or any other reason, or if a licensor decided not to renew a license agreement upon the expiration of the 
license term, the loss of such rights could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations that can impose significant costs and expose us to potential financial 
liabilities.

We are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health 
and the environment, including those limiting the discharge and release of pollutants into the environment and those regulating 
the transport, storage, disposal and remediation of, and exposure to, solid and hazardous wastes. Certain environmental laws and 
regulations can impose joint and several liability without regard to fault on responsible parties, including past and present owners 

34

and operators of sites, related to cleaning up sites at which hazardous materials were disposed of or released. Failure to comply 
with environmental laws and regulations could result in severe fines and penalties by governments or courts of law and could 
result in negative publicity. In addition, future laws may more stringently regulate environmental matters, including greenhouse 
gas emissions, water use and wastewater management. 

Future events, such as new or more stringent environmental laws and regulations, new environmental claims, the discovery 
of  currently  unknown  environmental  conditions  requiring  response  action  or  more  vigorous  interpretations  or  enforcement  of 
existing  environmental  laws  and  regulations,  might  require  us  to  incur  increased  costs,  capital  expenditures  or  other  financial 
obligations that could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and provisions of Missouri law may prevent or delay an acquisition of 
the Company, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.

Our amended and restated articles of incorporation (as amended, the “articles of incorporation”), our amended and restated 
bylaws  (the  “bylaws”)  and  Missouri  law  contain  provisions  intended  to  deter  coercive  takeover  practices  and  inadequate 
takeover bids by making such practices or bids unacceptably expensive and incentivizing prospective acquirers to negotiate with 
our Board of Directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover. These provisions include, among others:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

our Board of Directors is divided into three classes with staggered terms;

our Board of Directors fixes the number of members on the Board of Directors;

elimination of the rights of our shareholders to act by written consent (except when such consent is unanimous) and to 
call shareholder meetings;

rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings;

the right of our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval;

supermajority vote requirements for certain amendments to our articles of incorporation;

anti-takeover  provisions  of  Missouri  law  which  may  prevent  us  from  engaging  in  a  business  combination  with  an 
interested  shareholder,  or  which  may  deter  third  parties  from  acquiring  amounts  of  our  common  stock  above  certain 
thresholds; and

limitations on the right of shareholders to remove directors.

General Risk Factors

Changes  in  tax  laws  may  adversely  affect  us,  and  the  IRS,  another  taxing  authority  or  a  court  may  disagree  with  our  tax 
positions, which may result in adverse effects on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. 

We are subject to taxes in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in the U.S. 
and various foreign jurisdictions have been and may be subject to significant changes. There can be no assurance that future tax 
law changes will not increase the rate of the corporate income tax significantly; impose new limitations on deductions, credits or 
other tax benefits; or make other changes that may adversely affect the performance of an investment in us. Furthermore, there is 
no  assurance  that  the  IRS,  another  taxing  authority  or  a  court  will  agree  with  the  positions  taken  by  us,  in  which  case  tax 
penalties and interest may be imposed that could adversely affect our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and 
cash flows. The enactment of or increases in tariffs, including value added tax, or other changes in the application of existing 
taxes, in markets in which we are currently active or may be active in the future, or on specific products that we sell or with 
which  our  products  compete,  may  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  businesses,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  or  cash 
flows.

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including in response to the risks and 
uncertainties  discussed  in  this  report,  announcements  we  make  about  our  businesses,  variations  in  our  quarterly  results  of 
operations and those of our competitors, market data that is available to subscribers, reports by industry analysts, whether or not 
we  meet  the  financial  estimates  of  analysts  who  follow  us,  industry  or  market  trends,  investor  perceptions,  actions  by  credit 
rating agencies, future issuances or sales of our common stock, to the extent any Convertible Notes are converted into shares of 
our  common  stock  or  cash  or  negative  developments  relating  to  our  customers,  competitors  or  suppliers,  as  well  as  general 
economic and industry conditions, including periods of inflation, rising interest rates or recessions. In addition, the stock market 
in  general  has  experienced  extreme  price  and  volume  fluctuations  that  often  have  been  unrelated  or  disproportionate  to  the 
operating performance of individual companies. These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price 
of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.

As a result of such events or market volatility, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or 
above  the  price  at  which  they  purchase  our  common  stock.  In  addition,  this  market  volatility  may  impact  our  ability  to  raise 

35

capital  through  sales  of  our  equity  securities  and  may  adversely  affect  the  retentive  power  of  our  equity  compensation  plans, 
Further, in the past, some companies that have had volatile market prices for their securities have been subject to class action or 
derivative lawsuits. The filing of a lawsuit against us, regardless of the outcome, could have a negative effect on our businesses, 
financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows,  as  it  could  result  in  substantial  legal  costs  and  a  diversion  of 
management’s attention and resources. 

If we are unable to continue to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or our internal 
control over financial reporting is not effective, the reliability of our financial statements may be questioned, and our stock 
price may suffer. 

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) requires any company subject to the reporting requirements of the 
U.S. securities laws to perform a comprehensive evaluation of its and its consolidated subsidiaries’ internal control over financial 
reporting. To comply with this statute, we are required to document and test our internal control procedures, our management is 
required  to  assess  and  issue  a  report  concerning  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  our  independent  registered 
public accounting firm is required to issue an opinion on its audit of our internal control over financial reporting. 

The rules governing the standards that must be met for management to assess our internal control over financial reporting 
are  complex  and  require  significant  documentation,  testing  and  possible  remediation  to  meet  the  detailed  standards  under  the 
rules. During the course of its testing, our management may identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies which may 
not  be  remedied  in  time  to  meet  the  annual  deadline  imposed  by  SOX.  If  our  management  cannot  favorably  assess  the 
effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  or  our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  identifies 
material weaknesses in our internal controls, investor confidence in our financial results may weaken, and our stock price may 
consequently suffer. In addition, in the event that we do not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we might 
fail  to  timely  prevent  or  detect  potential  financial  misstatements.  As  discussed  under  the  heading  “Management’s  Report  on 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” in Item 9A of this report, and subject to the permitted exclusion of certain elements 
of internal controls of Pet Food noted therein, as of September 30, 2023, management determined that our internal control over 
financial reporting was effective. 

A shareholder’s percentage ownership in Post may be diluted in the future.

As with any publicly-traded company, our shareholders’ percentage ownership in Post may be diluted in the future because 
of  equity  issuances  for  acquisitions,  capital  market  transactions  or  otherwise,  including  equity  awards  that  we  expect  will  be 
granted  to  our  directors,  officers  and  employees  and  the  vesting  of  those  equity  awards.  For  a  brief  discussion  of  our  equity 
incentive  plan,  see  Note  19  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report.  In  addition,  any 
Convertible Notes converted into shares of our common stock will dilute the ownership of our then existing shareholders.

Actions of shareholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources and have an 
adverse effect on our businesses.

From time to time, we may be subject to proposals and other requests from shareholders urging us to take certain corporate 
actions, including proposals seeking to influence our corporate policies or effecting a change in our management. In the event of 
such  shareholder  proposals,  particularly  with  respect  to  matters  which  our  management  and  Board  of  Directors,  in  exercising 
their  fiduciary  duties,  disagree  with  or  have  determined  not  to  pursue,  our  businesses  could  be  adversely  affected  because 
responding to actions and requests of shareholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupting our operations and diverting the 
attention of management and our employees. Additionally, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction may result in the 
loss  of  potential  business  opportunities  and  may  make  it  more  difficult  to  attract  and  retain  qualified  employees,  business 
partners and customers.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C.  CYBERSECURITY

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES

We own our principal executive offices and lease corporate administrative offices in St. Louis, Missouri. The general offices 
and  locations  of  our  principal  operations  for  each  of  our  businesses  are  set  forth  in  the  summary  below.  We  also  lease  sales 
offices  mainly  in the U.S. and maintain a number of stand-alone distribution facilities.  In addition, there is on-site warehouse 
space  available  at  many  of  our  manufacturing  facilities,  and  in  addition  to  the  owned  and  leased  warehouse  space  discussed 
below, we contract for additional warehouse space on an as-needed basis. 

We own many of our manufacturing facilities. Certain of our owned real properties may be subject to mortgages or other 
applicable security interests pursuant to our financing arrangements. Management believes our facilities generally are in good 

36

operating condition and, taken as a whole and in conjunction with our arrangements with third-party manufacturers, are suitable 
and of sufficient capacity for our current operations. See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report for more information about our 
supply  chain  and  related  risks.  Utilization  of  manufacturing  capacity  varies  by  manufacturing  facility  based  upon  the  type  of 
products manufactured and the level of demand for those products.

Post Consumer Brands

The  main  administrative  office  for  Post  Consumer  Brands,  which  we  own,  is  located  in  Lakeville,  Minnesota.  Post 
Consumer Brands also leases administrative office space in Bentonville, Arkansas; Cincinnati, Ohio; Orrville, Ohio and Toronto, 
Ontario.

Post  Consumer  Brands  has  twelve  owned  manufacturing  facilities  located  in  Asheboro,  North  Carolina;  Battle  Creek, 
Michigan; Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania (which includes a distribution center); Jonesboro, Arkansas; Lancaster, Ohio; Lawrence, 
Kansas;  Meadville,  Pennsylvania  (which  includes  a  distribution  center);  Niagara  Falls,  Ontario;  Northfield,  Minnesota  (which 
consists of two facilities and also includes a distribution center); Sparks, Nevada and Tremonton, Utah. Post Consumer Brands 
also  leases  land  for  another  owned  manufacturing  facility  located  in  Cobourg,  Ontario.  Post  Consumer  Brands  maintains  6.9 
million square feet of warehouse and distribution space throughout the U.S. and Canada, 2.4 million of which is owned by us 
and 4.5 million of which is leased by us.

Weetabix

Weetabix has three owned manufacturing facilities in the U.K. in Burton Latimer, Corby and Ashton-under-Lyne, each of 
which  includes  warehousing  space.  In  addition,  each  of  Weetabix’s  joint  ventures  in  Kenya  and  South  Africa  owns  a 
manufacturing facility in those respective countries. Weetabix also leases office space in the U.K., United Arab Emirates, Spain, 
Holland and China.

Foodservice

The Foodservice segment has leased administrative offices in Hopkins, Minnesota. Operations for our Foodservice segment 
include nine owned egg products production facilities in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Nebraska, and five leased egg products 
production  facilities  in  Arizona,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  South  Dakota.  The  egg  products  business  owns  five  layer 
facilities in the U.S. Operations for our Foodservice segment include two owned potato processing facilities in Mars Hill, Maine 
and Chaska, Minnesota, two owned meat products processing and production facilities in Norfolk and Ravenna, Nebraska and a 
leased potato processing facility in North Las Vegas, Nevada. In addition, our Foodservice segment owns a ready-to-drink shake 
manufacturing facility in West Jefferson, Ohio, which is expected to begin manufacturing products in the first quarter of fiscal 
2024. 

Refrigerated Retail

The Refrigerated Retail segment has leased administrative offices in New Albany, Ohio; Cincinnati, Ohio; Rogers, Arkansas 
and Edina, Minnesota. In addition to certain of the egg products production facilities previously referenced for our Foodservice 
business, our Refrigerated Retail operations include owned sausage production plants in Hillsdale, Michigan and Xenia, Ohio. In 
addition  to  the  facilities  in  Mars  Hill,  Maine  and  Chaska,  Minnesota  previously  referenced  for  our  Foodservice  business,  our 
Refrigerated Retail operations include an owned manufacturing plant in Sulphur Springs, Texas, which produces side dishes, and 
a leased potato and side dish processing facility in Lima, Ohio. The Refrigerated Retail segment uses an owned transportation 
facility in Springfield, Ohio and a leased transportation property in Talty, Texas. The Refrigerated Retail segment additionally 
operates an owned cheese processing and packaging facility and warehouse in Lake Mills, Wisconsin for its cheese and other 
dairy-case products business.

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For  information  regarding  our  legal  proceedings,  refer  to  “Legal  Proceedings”  in  Note  17  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated 

Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Pursuant to SEC regulations, the Company is required to disclose certain information about environmental proceedings with 
a  governmental  entity  as  a  party  if  the  Company  reasonably  believes  such  proceedings  may  result  in  monetary  sanctions, 
exclusive of interest and costs, above a stated threshold. Pursuant to such SEC regulations, the Company has elected to use a 
threshold  of  $1.0  million  for  purposes  of  determining  whether  disclosure  of  any  such  proceedings  is  required.  Applying  this 
threshold, there are no such environmental proceedings pending as of the filing date of this report or that were resolved during 
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

37

PART II 

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND 

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES 

Market for Common Stock and Dividends 

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “POST”. There were 2,589 shareholders 
of  record  on  November  13,  2023.  We  did  not  pay  any  cash  dividends  on  our  common  stock  during  the  years  ended 
September 30, 2023 or 2022. We have no plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and the 
indentures governing our debt securities and our credit facilities restrict our ability to pay dividends. The information required 
under this Item 5 concerning equity compensation plan information is set out under Item 12 of this report and is incorporated 
herein by this reference.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table sets forth information with respect to shares of our common stock that we purchased during the fiscal 

quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Period
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 2023
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023

Total

(a) Does not include broker’s commissions.

Total Number 
of Shares 
Purchased

Average Price 
Paid per Share 
(a)

Total Number of Shares 
Purchased as Part of  
Publicly Announced 
Plans or Programs (b)

Approximate Dollar 
Value of Shares that 
may yet be Purchased 
Under the Plans or 
Programs (b)

699,982 
776,664 
83,533 

1,560,179 

$86.39  
$88.60  
$86.86  

$87.52  

699,982 
776,664 
83,533 

1,560,179 

$278,498,727
$209,682,430
$202,426,461

$202,426,461

(b) On  June  6,  2023,  our  Board  of  Directors  approved  an  authorization  to  repurchase  up  to  $400.0  million  of  shares  of  our 
common stock effective June 7, 2023 (the “Authorization”). The Authorization expires on June 7, 2025. Repurchases may 
be made from time to time in the open market, in private purchases, through forward, derivative, accelerated repurchase or 
automatic purchase transactions, or otherwise. 

38

 
 
 
 
Performance Graph 

The  following  performance  graph  compares  the  changes,  for  the  period  indicated,  in  the  cumulative  total  value  of  $100 
hypothetically invested in each of (i) Post common stock (with reinvestment of shares of BellRing Common Stock, as defined 
in  Note  4  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report,  distributed  to  Post  shareholders  on 
March 10, 2022); (ii) the Russell 1000 index; and (iii) the S&P 1500 Packaged Foods & Meats Index. 

This graph covers the period from September 28, 2018 through September 29, 2023. 

* $100 invested on 9/28/18 in stock or index. 

Performance Graph Data 

9/28/2018
9/30/2019
9/30/2020
9/30/2021
9/30/2022
9/29/2023

Post ($)

Russell 1000 Index 
($)

S&P 1500 Packaged 
Foods & Meats 
Index ($)

100.00 
107.96 
87.72 
112.36 
122.50 
128.23 

100.00 
103.87 
120.49 
157.78 
130.60 
158.24 

100.00 
114.02 
118.62 
125.29 
132.01 
135.16 

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. 

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended (the “Exchange Act”), or subject to the liabilities of the Exchange Act, nor shall it be incorporated by reference into 
any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by 
specific reference in such filing. 

ITEM 6. 

[RESERVED]

39

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN *Among Post Holdings, Inc., the Russell 1000 Index and the S&P 1500 Packaged Foods & Meats Index Post Holdings, Inc.Russell 1000 IndexS&P 1500 Packaged Foods & Meats IndexSep 28, 2018Sep 30, 2019Sep 30, 2020Sep 30, 2021Sep 30, 2022Sep 29, 2023$75.00$100.00$125.00$150.00$175.00$200.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 

OPERATIONS 

The  following  discussion  summarizes  the  significant  factors  affecting  the  consolidated  operating  results,  financial 
condition, liquidity and capital resources of Post Holdings, Inc. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial 
statements under Item 8 of this report and the “Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1 of this report. 
The terms “our,” “we,” “us,” “Company” and “Post” as used herein refer to Post Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The following should be read in conjunction with the discussion and analysis of our fiscal 2022 results compared to our 
fiscal 2021 results, including any related discussion of fiscal 2021 results and activity, which can be found in Item 7 under the 
title “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 
10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022, and such discussion and analysis is incorporated by reference herein.

On March 10, 2022, we completed the BellRing Spin-off (as defined below), which represented a strategic shift that had a 
major effect on our operations and consolidated financial results. Accordingly, the historical results of BellRing Intermediate 
Holdings,  Inc.  (formerly  known  as  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.)  (“Old  BellRing”)  and  BellRing  Distribution,  LLC  prior  to  the 
BellRing  Spin-off  have  been  presented  as  discontinued  operations  in  our  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Cash  Flows.  The  following  discussion  reflects  continuing  operations  only,  unless  otherwise 
indicated. See below for additional information.

OVERVIEW

We  are  a  consumer  packaged  goods  holding  company,  operating  in  four  reportable  segments:  Post  Consumer  Brands, 
Weetabix,  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail.  Our  products  are  sold  through  a  variety  of  channels,  including  grocery,  club 
and drug stores, mass merchandisers, foodservice, food ingredient and eCommerce.

At September 30, 2023, our reportable segments were as follows:

Post Consumer Brands: North American ready-to-eat (“RTE”) cereal, pet food and nut butters; 

•
• Weetabix: primarily United Kingdom (the “U.K.”) RTE cereal, muesli and protein-based shakes;
•
•

Foodservice: primarily egg and potato products; and
Refrigerated Retail: primarily side dish, egg, cheese and sausage products.

Transactions

Post Holdings Partnering Corporation

In May and June 2021, we and Post Holdings Partnering Corporation (“PHPC”), a special purpose acquisition company, 
consummated  the  initial  public  offering  of  34.5  million  units  of  PHPC  (the  “PHPC  Units”  and  such  transaction,  the  “PHPC 
IPO”),  of  which  our  wholly-owned  subsidiary  (“PHPC  Sponsor”)  purchased  4.0  million  PHPC  Units.  Each  PHPC  Unit 
consisted of one share of Series A common stock of PHPC (“PHPC Series A Common Stock”) and one-third of one redeemable 
warrant  to  purchase  one  share  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock  at  an  exercise  price  of  $11.50  per  share  (the  “PHPC 
Warrants”).  The  PHPC  Units  were  sold  at  a  price  of  $10.00  per  PHPC  Unit,  generating  gross  proceeds  to  PHPC  of  $345.0 
million.  Under  the  terms  of  the  PHPC  IPO,  PHPC  was  required  to  consummate  a  partnering  transaction  by  May  28,  2023, 
which could have been extended to August 28, 2023 in certain circumstances (the “Combination Period”).

Substantially  concurrently  with  the  closing  of  the  PHPC  IPO,  PHPC  completed  the  private  sale  of  1.1  million  units  of 
PHPC  (the  “PHPC  Private  Placement  Units”),  at  a  purchase  price  of  $10.00  per  PHPC  Private  Placement  Unit,  to  PHPC 
Sponsor, generating proceeds to PHPC of $10.9 million (the “PHPC Private Placement”). Each PHPC Private Placement Unit 
consisted of one share of PHPC Series A Common Stock and one-third of one redeemable warrant of PHPC to purchase one 
share of PHPC Series A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “PHPC Private Placement Warrants”).

In addition, we, through PHPC Sponsor’s ownership of 8.6 million shares of Series F common stock of PHPC (the “PHPC 
Series F Common Stock”), had certain governance rights in PHPC relating to the election of PHPC directors and voting rights 
on amendments to PHPC’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

In connection with the PHPC IPO, PHPC incurred offering costs of $17.9 million, of which $10.7 million were deferred 
underwriting  commissions  that  would  have  become  payable  to  the  underwriters  solely  in  the  event  that  PHPC  completed  a 
partnering  transaction  and  were  included  in  “Other  current  liabilities”  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  at  September  30, 
2022.

Proceeds  of  $345.0  million  were  deposited  in  a  trust  account  established  for  the  benefit  of  PHPC’s  public  stockholders, 
which  consisted  of  certain  proceeds  from  the  PHPC  IPO  and  certain  proceeds  from  the  PHPC  Private  Placement,  net  of 
underwriters’  discounts  and  commissions  and  other  costs  and  expenses.  A  minimum  balance  of  $345.0  million,  which 

40

represented the number of PHPC Units sold at the offering price of $10.00 per PHPC Unit, was required by the underwriting 
agreement  to  be  maintained  in  the  trust  account.  These  proceeds  were  invested  only  in  United  States  (“U.S.”)  treasury 
securities. At September 30, 2022, there was $346.8 million held in the trust account, which was included in “Investments held 
in trust” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The  public  stockholders’  ownership  of  PHPC  equity  represented  a  noncontrolling  interest  (“NCI”)  to  us,  which  was 
classified outside of permanent shareholders’ equity as the PHPC Series A Common Stock was redeemable at the option of the 
public  stockholders  in  certain  circumstances.  As  of  September  30,  2022,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  redeemable  NCI  was 
recorded at its redemption value of $306.6 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As  of  September  30,  2022  and  prior  to  the  PHPC  Redemption  (as  defined  below),  we  beneficially  owned  31.0%  of  the 
equity of PHPC and the net earnings and net assets of PHPC were consolidated within our financial statements. The remaining 
69.0% of the consolidated net earnings and net assets of PHPC, which represented the percentage of economic interest in PHPC 
held  by  the  public  stockholders  of  PHPC  through  their  ownership  of  PHPC  equity,  were  allocated  to  redeemable  NCI.  All 
transactions between PHPC and PHPC Sponsor, as well as related financial statement impacts, eliminated in consolidation. 

On May 11, 2023, PHPC announced that it would not complete a partnering transaction within the Combination Period and 
that  the  entity  would  liquidate  and  dissolve  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  its  amended  and  restated  certificate  of 
incorporation.  Subsequent  to  the  decision  to  liquidate  and  dissolve,  PHPC  completed  certain  winding-up  activities,  which 
included writing-off the deferred underwriting commissions as the underwriters agreed to waive their rights to these amounts 
should  a  partnering  transaction  not  occur.  We  recorded  a  $10.7  million  gain  in  connection  with  this  write-off,  which  was 
recorded in “Other income, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended September 30, 2023. 

On  May  28,  2023,  the  PHPC  Warrants  and  the  PHPC  Private  Placement  Warrants  expired  worthless,  as  PHPC  had  not 

completed a partnering transaction before the expiration of the Combination Period.

On  May  30,  2023,  PHPC  redeemed  all  of  the  outstanding  public  shares  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock  (the  “PHPC 
Redemption”). Each share of PHPC Series A Common Stock was redeemed for approximately $10.24 per share, representing 
the  per  share  price  equal  to  the  aggregate  amount  then  on  deposit  in  the  trust  account,  including  interest  earned  on  the  trust 
account not previously released to pay taxes or dissolution expenses, divided by the number of then outstanding shares of PHPC 
Series A Common Stock. In connection with the PHPC Redemption: 

•

•

$353.4  million  of  funds  held  in  the  trust  account  immediately  prior  to  the  PHPC  Redemption  were  distributed  to 
redeem all of the outstanding shares of PHPC Series A Common Stock, which reduced “Investments held in trust” on 
the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  to  zero  as  of  September  30,  2023.  We  received  $40.9  million  from  the  PHPC 
Redemption related to our ownership of 4.0 million shares of PHPC Series A Common Stock; and 

redeemable  NCI  of  $312.5  million  immediately  prior  to  the  PHPC  Redemption  was  reduced  to  zero  on  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023.

Subsequent to the PHPC Redemption, PHPC delisted from the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and dissolved in 
June 2023, and all classes of shares of PHPC equity were cancelled, including the PHPC Private Placement Units and the shares 
of  PHPC  Series  F  Common  Stock,  which  were  surrendered  by  PHPC  Sponsor  for  no  consideration.  PHPC  Sponsor 
subsequently dissolved in August 2023.

BellRing Brands, Inc.

On March 9, 2022, pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 26, 2021 (as amended 
by  Amendment  No.  1  to  the  Transaction  Agreement  and  Plan  of  Merger,  dated  as  of  February  28,  2022,  the  “Spin-off 
Agreement”),  by  and  among  us,  Old  BellRing,  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.  (formerly  known  as  BellRing  Distribution,  LLC) 
(“BellRing”)  and  BellRing  Merger  Sub  Corporation,  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  BellRing  (“BellRing  Merger  Sub”),  we 
contributed our share of Old BellRing Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per share, all of our BellRing Brands, LLC non-
voting membership units and $550.4 million of cash to BellRing in exchange for certain limited liability company interests of 
BellRing and the right to receive $840.0 million in aggregate principal amount of BellRing’s 7.00% senior notes maturing in 
2030 (the “BellRing Notes,” and such transactions, collectively, the “BellRing Contribution”).

On March 10, 2022, BellRing converted into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “BellRing Brands, Inc.”, and 
we  distributed  an  aggregate  of  78.1  million,  or  80.1%,  of  our  shares  of  BellRing  common  stock,  $0.01  par  value  per  share 
(“BellRing Common Stock”), to our shareholders of record as of the close of business, Central Time, on February 25, 2022 (the 
“Record Date”) in a pro-rata distribution (the “BellRing Distribution”). Our shareholders received 1.267788 shares of BellRing 
Common Stock for every one share of our common stock held as of the Record Date. No fractional shares of BellRing Common 
Stock were issued, and instead, cash in lieu of any fractional shares was paid to our shareholders.

Upon completion of the BellRing Distribution, BellRing Merger Sub merged with and into Old BellRing (the “BellRing 
Merger”),  with  Old  BellRing  continuing  as  the  surviving  corporation  and  becoming  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  BellRing. 

41

The transactions described above, including the BellRing Contribution, the BellRing Distribution and the BellRing Merger, and 
the Debt-for-Debt Exchange described under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within this section, are collectively referred to 
as the “BellRing Spin-off.”

Our  equity  interest  in  BellRing  subsequent  to  the  BellRing  Spin-off  (our  “Investment  in  BellRing”)  was  14.2% 
immediately  following  the  BellRing  Spin-off.  As  a  result  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off,  the  dual  class  voting  structure  in  the 
BellRing  business  was  eliminated.  The  BellRing  Distribution  was  structured  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  a  tax-free 
distribution  to  our  shareholders  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes,  except  to  the  extent  of  any  cash  received  in  lieu  of 
fractional shares of BellRing Common Stock.

On August 11, 2022, we transferred 14.8 million shares of our Investment in BellRing to repay certain outstanding debt 

obligations as part of the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange (as defined in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within this section). 

On  November  25,  2022,  we  transferred  the  remaining  4.6  million  shares  of  our  Investment  in  BellRing  to  repay  certain 
outstanding debt obligations as part of the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange (as defined in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” 
within this section). We owned no shares of BellRing Common Stock as of September 30, 2023.

We incurred separation-related expenses of $0.1 million and $29.9 million during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 
2022, respectively, related to the BellRing Spin-off and subsequent divestment of our Investment in BellRing. These expenses 
generally included third-party costs for advisory services, fees charged by other service providers and government filing fees 
and were included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For  additional  information  on  the  BellRing  Spin-off  and  the  transactions  to  subsequently  divest  of  our  Investment  in 

BellRing, refer to Notes 4, 5 and 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Acquisitions

On  April  28,  2023,  we  completed  our  acquisition  of  a  portion  of  The  J.  M.  Smucker  Company’s  (“Smucker”)  pet  food 
business, including brands such as Rachael Ray Nutrish, Nature’s Recipe, 9Lives, Kibbles ’n Bits and Gravy Train, private label 
pet  food  assets  and  certain  manufacturing  and  distribution  facilities  (collectively,  “Pet  Food”),  which  is  reported  in  our  Post 
Consumer Brands segment. In connection with the Pet Food acquisition, we entered into a transition services agreement with 
Smucker (the “TSA”) pursuant to which Smucker provides certain Pet Food support services to us for a transition period of 18 
months (or up to 24 months at our election) following the close of the acquisition based on the terms set forth in the TSA. Pet 
Food receivables and payables are settled between us and Smucker monthly on a net basis per the terms of the TSA. 

We completed the Lacka Foods Limited (“Lacka Foods”) acquisition on April 5, 2022, which is reported in our Weetabix 

segment.

For additional information on our acquisitions, refer to Note 6 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 

8 of this report.

Divestitures

We completed the sale of the Willamette Egg Farms business (the “WEF Transaction”) on December 1, 2021. Prior to the 

WEF Transaction, Willamette Egg Farms’ operating results were reported in our Refrigerated Retail segment. 

Market and Company Trends

Our Company, as well as the consumer packaged goods industry in which we operate, have been impacted by the following 
trends  which  have  impacted  our  results  of  operations  and  may  continue  to  impact  our  results  of  operations  in  the  future, 
including:

•

•

•

inflationary  pressures,  which  have  driven  increased  input  costs  and  therefore  pricing  actions  within  each  of  our 
respective segments (refer to “Commodity Trends and Seasonality” section below);

shifting  consumer  preferences  from  branded  to  private  label  or  other  value  products  as  consumers  continue  to  be 
impacted by rising costs, which has negatively impacted sales volumes within our Refrigerated Retail, Post Consumer 
Brands  and  Weetabix  segments  and  driven  shifts  in  product  mix  toward  lower  margin  products  within  our  Post 
Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments; and

outbreaks  of  avian  influenza  during  fiscal  2022  and  early  fiscal  2023,  which  impacted  our  Foodservice  and 
Refrigerated Retail segments, and drove increased costs related to production inefficiencies, egg supply constraints and 
higher market-based egg prices, all of which were mitigated through volume management with customers and pricing 
actions.

42

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

dollars in millions
Net Sales

Year Ended
September 30,

Change in

2023
$ 6,991.0 

2022

Dollars

$ 5,851.2  $  1,139.8 

Percentage
 19 %

Operating Profit
Interest expense, net
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, net
Income on swaps, net
Gain on investment in BellRing
Other income, net
Income tax expense
Equity method loss, net of tax
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests from continuing 
operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax and noncontrolling 
interest
Net Earnings

$  598.9 
279.1 
(40.5) 
(39.9) 
(5.1) 
(7.6) 
99.7 
0.3 

$  415.6  $  183.3 
(38.7) 
32.1 
228.1 
432.0 
12.2 
14.0 
(66.8) 

317.8 
(72.6) 
(268.0) 
(437.1) 
(19.8) 
85.7 
67.1 

 44 %
 (12) %
 44 %
 85 %
 99 %
 62 %
 16 %
 (100) %

11.6 

7.5 

4.1 

 55 %

— 
$  301.3 

21.6 

(21.6) 
$  756.6  $  (455.3) 

 (100) %
 (60) %

Net Sales

Net sales increased $1,139.8 million, or 19%, during the year ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year. 
This  increase  was  due  to  higher  net  sales  within  our  Post  Consumer  Brands,  Foodservice  and  Weetabix  segments,  partially 
offset  by  lower  net  sales  in  our  Refrigerated  Retail  segment.  For  further  discussion,  refer  to  “Segment  Results”  within  this 
section. 

Operating Profit 

Operating profit increased $183.3 million, or 44%, during the year ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the prior 
year. This increase was driven by higher segment profit within our Foodservice, Post Consumer Brands and Refrigerated Retail 
segments,  partially  offset  by  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  of  $42.2  million  related  to  our  Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit, 
lower segment profit within our Weetabix segment and increased general corporate expenses. For further discussion, refer to 
“Segment Results” within this section.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense decreased $38.7 million, or 12%, for the year ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year. 
The decrease was driven by lower average outstanding principal amounts of debt, increased interest income primarily on our 
investments held in trust prior to the PHPC Redemption and a lower weighted-average interest rate when compared to fiscal 
2022. Our weighted-average interest rate on our total outstanding debt was 4.9% and 5.0% for the years ended September 30, 
2023 and 2022, respectively.

For additional information on our debt, refer to Note 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of 

this report and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of this report. 

(Gain) Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, net

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  we  recognized  a  net  gain  of  $40.5  million  related  to  the  extinguishment  of 
debt. The net gain primarily related to the partial repurchase of our 4.50% senior notes and our 4.625% senior notes. The net 
gain  included  debt  discounts  received  of  $42.9  million  and  the  write-off  of  unamortized  premiums  of  $0.9  million,  partially 
offset by the write-off of debt issuance costs of $3.3 million related to our senior notes and our Third Incremental Term Loan 
(as defined in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” within this section).

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2022,  we  recognized  a  net  gain  of  $72.6  million  related  to  the  extinguishment  of 
debt. The net gain primarily related to the partial repurchase of our 4.50% senior notes, our 4.625% senior notes and our 5.50% 
senior notes, partially offset by a net loss related to the partial redemption of our 5.75% senior notes. The net gain included net 
debt  discounts  received  of  $73.7  million  and  the  write-off  of  unamortized  premiums  of  $15.3  million,  partially  offset  by  the 
write-off of debt issuance costs and tender fees of $16.4 million related to our senior notes, our First Incremental Term Loan 
and our Second Incremental Term Loan (as such terms are defined in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”) within this section. 

For additional information on our debt, refer to Note 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of 

this report.

Income on Swaps, net

During the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized income on swaps, net of $39.9 million and $268.0 
million,  respectively,  related  to  mark-to-market  adjustments  on  our  interest  rate  swaps.  For  additional  information  on  our 
interest  rate  swaps,  refer  to  Note  13  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report  and 
“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of this report.

Gain on Investment in BellRing

During the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded a gain related to our Investment in BellRing of $5.1 
million and $437.1 million, respectively. For additional information on our Investment in BellRing, refer to Notes 4, 5 and 14 
within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective income tax rate for fiscal 2023 was 24.1% compared to 9.6% for fiscal 2022. The following table presents the 

reconciliation of income tax expense with amounts computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate.

Computed tax at federal statutory rate (21%)
State income tax, net of effect on federal tax
Non-deductible goodwill impairment charge
Non-deductible compensation
Valuation allowances
Enacted tax law and changes in deferred tax rates
Excess tax benefits for share-based payments
Income tax credits
Enhanced deduction for food donations
Gain on investment in BellRing (a)
Rate differential on foreign income
Return-to-provision and changes in prior year accruals
Net losses and basis difference attributable to equity method investment
Other, net (none in excess of 5% of statutory tax)
Income tax expense

Year Ended 
September 30,

2023

2022

86.7  $ 
12.2 
8.9 
7.0 
1.0 
(5.8) 
(5.7) 
(2.4) 
(1.6) 
(1.1) 
(0.2) 
(0.1) 
— 
0.8 
99.7  $ 

188.0 
10.3 
— 
5.9 
1.4 
0.9 
(3.6) 
(1.9) 
(1.0) 
(91.8) 
(10.2) 
(0.5) 
(14.1) 
2.3 
85.7 

$ 

$ 

(a) No income taxes have been recorded with respect to the non-cash realized and unrealized book gains on the Company’s Investment in 
BellRing  during  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023  or  2022,  as  the  Company  fully  divested  its  remaining  Investment  in  BellRing 
within  12  months  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  tax-free  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes.  For 
additional information on our Investment in BellRing, refer to Notes 4, 5 and 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in 
Item 8 of this report.

In fiscal 2022, our effective income tax rate differed significantly from the statutory rate primarily as a result of (i) a $91.8 
million tax-effected benefit from the non-cash realized and unrealized book gains on our Investment in BellRing, which was 
divested  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  tax-free  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes,  and  (ii)  $14.1  million  of  discrete 
income tax benefit items related to our equity method loss attributable to 8th Avenue Food & Provisions, Inc. (“8th Avenue”). 
See  Notes  4  and  5  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this  report  and  “Liquidity  and  Capital 
Resources” within this section for additional information on our Investment in BellRing and the 8th Avenue equity method loss. 

Discontinued Operations

The  BellRing  Spin-off  represented  a  strategic  shift  that  had  a  major  effect  on  our  operations  and  consolidated  financial 
results. Accordingly, the historical results of Old BellRing and BellRing Distribution, LLC prior to the BellRing Spin-off were 

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
presented as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For additional information on the BellRing 
Spin-off, refer to Notes 4 and 16 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

SEGMENT RESULTS

We  evaluate  each  segment’s  performance  based  on  its  segment  profit,  which  for  all  segments  is  its  earnings/loss  before 
income  taxes  and  equity  method  earnings/loss  before  impairment  of  property,  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets,  facility 
closure related costs, restructuring expenses, gain/loss on assets and liabilities held for sale, gain/loss on sale of businesses and 
facilities,  interest  expense  and  other  unallocated  corporate  income  and  expenses.  The  discussion  of  Post  Consumer  Brands 
segment  profit  below  includes  segment  profit  attributable  to  Pet  Food,  as  it  is  impracticable  to  separately  present  due  to  the 
level of integration of Pet Food within the Post Consumer Brands segment.

Post Consumer Brands

dollars in millions
Net Sales
Segment Profit
Segment Profit Margin

Year Ended September 30,

Change in

2023
$  3,033.1 
$  378.8 

2022
$  2,242.7 
$  314.6 

Dollars

Percentage

$ 
$ 

790.4 
64.2 

 35 %
 20 %

 12 %

 14 %

Net sales for the Post Consumer Brands segment increased $790.4 million, or 35%, for the year ended September 30, 2023, 
when compared to the prior year. The increase in net sales was primarily due to the inclusion of five months of Pet Food net 
sales  of  $679.8  million.  The  remaining  increase  was  driven  by  higher  average  net  selling  prices  primarily  due  to  increased 
pricing taken to mitigate inflation. Excluding Pet Food, pricing increases were partially offset by a volume decline of 5% and 
unfavorable product mix as branded cereal volumes declined, partially offset by increased private label cereal volumes.

Segment profit for the year ended September 30, 2023 increased $64.2 million, or 20%, when compared to the prior year. 
This increase was primarily driven by higher net sales, as previously discussed, partially offset by higher product costs, which 
included five months of incremental costs attributable to Pet Food of $503.0 million, raw material inflation of $116.7 million 
and higher manufacturing costs of $65.5 million, partially offset by lower freight costs of $27.7 million. In addition, employee-
related  expenses,  integration  costs,  advertising  and  consumer  spending  and  amortization  expense  increased  compared  to  the 
prior year, primarily due to the inclusion of five months of Pet Food expenses.

Weetabix

dollars in millions
Net Sales
Segment Profit

Segment Profit Margin

Year Ended September 30,

Change in

2023
$  512.1 
73.9 
$ 

2022
$  477.3 
$  109.5 

Dollars

Percentage

$ 
$ 

34.8 
(35.6) 

 7 %
 (33) %

 14 %

 23 %

Net  sales  for  the  Weetabix  segment  increased  $34.8  million,  or  7%,  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  when 
compared to the prior year. Excluding the impact of unfavorable foreign exchange rates and six incremental months of net sales 
of $14.2 million attributable to our prior year acquisition of Lacka Foods, net sales increased $42.7 million, or 9%, on 1% lower 
volumes. The increase in net sales was driven by higher average net selling prices primarily due to list price increases, partially 
offset  by  a  shift  in  product  mix  towards  private  label  products  and  increased  promotional  spending.  Volumes  declined  1%, 
driven by volume decreases in branded products, partially offset by increases in private label products.

 Segment profit decreased $35.6 million, or 33%, for the year ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year. 
Excluding the impact of unfavorable foreign exchange rates, segment profit decreased $32.3 million, or 30%. This decrease was 
primarily driven by raw material inflation of $33.4 million and higher manufacturing costs of $13.1 million, partially offset by 
higher net sales, as previously discussed.

Foodservice

dollars in millions
Net Sales
Segment Profit

Segment Profit Margin

Year Ended September 30,

Change in

2023
$  2,425.9 
$  349.5 

2022
$  2,095.0 
$  151.0 

Dollars

Percentage

$ 
$ 

330.9 
198.5 

 16 %
 131 %

 14 %

 7 %

45

Net  sales  for  the  Foodservice  segment  increased  $330.9  million,  or  16%,  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  when 
compared to the prior year. The increase in net sales was primarily driven by higher average net selling prices during the current 
year and the lapping of lower product demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year. Egg product sales were 
up $289.6 million, or 16%, with volume up 4%, driven by price increases taken to mitigate cost inflation as well as the pass-
through of increased grain and egg market prices. Egg volumes increased due to distribution gains in the foodservice channel, 
partially  offset  by  lower  food  ingredient  volume.  Sales  of  side  dishes  were  up  $55.0  million,  or  27%,  with  volume  up  7%, 
driven  by  price  increases  taken  to  mitigate  inflation  and  volume  increases  as  a  result  of  distribution  gains.  Sales  of  other 
products were down $13.7 million.

Segment  profit  increased  $198.5  million,  or  131%,  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  when  compared  to  the  prior 
year, driven by higher net sales, as previously discussed, lower freight costs of $31.7 million and lapping a provision for legal 
settlement and related legal fees of $18.2 million in the prior year. These positive impacts were partially offset by raw material 
inflation of $140.1 million, primarily driven by higher egg raw material costs due to unfavorable grain and egg market prices 
and  higher  potato  raw  material  costs,  increased  employee-related  expenses  of  $6.6  million,  increased  manufacturing  costs  of 
$6.5 million and higher warehousing costs of $5.2 million.

Refrigerated Retail

dollars in millions
Net Sales
Segment Profit
Segment Profit Margin

Year Ended September 30,

Change in

2023
$  1,019.7 
69.2 
$ 

2022
$  1,036.6 
57.1 
$ 

Dollars

Percentage

$ 
$ 

(16.9) 
12.1 

 (2) %
 21 %

 7 %

 6 %

Net sales for the Refrigerated Retail segment decreased $16.9 million, or 2%, for the year ended September 30, 2023, when 
compared to the prior year. Net sales for the year ended September 30, 2023 were impacted by the absence of net sales as a 
result of the WEF Transaction. Excluding this impact, net sales decreased $9.8 million, or 1%, driven by 7% lower volumes 
primarily  due  to  price  elasticities  and  a  shift  towards  private  label  products.  These  negative  impacts  were  partially  offset  by 
higher  average  net  selling  prices  compared  to  the  prior  year  primarily  due  to  price  increases  taken  to  mitigate  input  cost 
inflation, partially offset by increased promotional spending. Cheese and other dairy product sales were down $22.8 million, or 
11%,  with  volume  down  16%,  and  were  additionally  impacted  by  distribution  losses.  Egg  product  sales  were  down  $4.6 
million, or 2%, on 12% lower volumes, and were additionally impacted by avian influenza-related supply constraints. Sausage 
sales declined $1.9 million, or 1%, with volume down 1%. Sales of side dishes increased $24.7 million, or 6%, with volume 
down 4%. Sales of other products were down $5.2 million.

Segment profit increased $12.1 million, or 21%, for the year ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the prior year. 
This increase was driven by higher average net selling prices, as previously discussed, and lower freight costs of $8.0 million. 
These  positive  impacts  were  partially  offset  by  raw  material  inflation  of  $17.9  million,  increased  advertising  and  consumer 
spending of $13.6 million, lower net sales volume, as previously discussed, and higher employee-related costs.

Other Items

General Corporate Expenses and Other

dollars in millions
General corporate expenses and other

Year Ended September 30,

Change in

2023

2022

Dollars

Percentage

$ 

222.7  $ 

196.8  $ 

25.9 

 13 %

General corporate expenses and other increased $25.9 million, or 13%, during the year ended September 30, 2023, when 
compared  to  the  prior  year.  The  current  year  included  $12.0  million  of  restructuring  and  facility  closure  costs,  including 
accelerated depreciation, incurred by our Refrigerated Retail, Post Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments. The prior year 
included  $11.1  million  of  restructuring  and  facility  closure  costs  incurred  by  our  Post  Consumer  Brands  and  Foodservice 
segments, a loss on sale of business of $6.3 million related to the WEF Transaction and a gain on assets held for sale of $9.4 
million  related  to  the  sale  of  equipment  in  Klingerstown,  Pennsylvania  within  our  Foodservice  segment.  Excluding  these 
impacts,  general  corporate  expenses  and  other  increased  $21.9  million.  This  increase  was  driven  by  higher  employee-related 
expenses of $19.6 million, higher acquisition-related costs of $14.6 million primarily related to Pet Food, increased mark-to-
market adjustments and impairments on equity securities and investments of $14.5 million and increased net losses related to 
mark-to-market adjustments on economic hedges and warrant liabilities of $6.9 million. These negative impacts were partially 
offset by decreased separation-related expenses of $29.8 million in connection with the BellRing Spin-off and a gain related to 
the write-off of deferred underwriting commissions of $10.7 million in connection with the PHPC Redemption.

46

Impairment of Goodwill

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  we  recorded  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  of  $42.2  million  related  to  our 
Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit,  which  is  reported  in  our  Refrigerated  Retail  segment.  There  were  no  goodwill  impairment 
charges recorded during the years ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. For additional information on our goodwill impairment 
charge, refer to Note 8 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

We completed the following activities during the reporting period (for additional information, see Notes 4, 5, 6, 16 and 20 

within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report) impacting our liquidity and capital resources:

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Fiscal 2023

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

entered  into  a  Joinder  Agreement  No.  4  (the  “Fourth  Joinder  Agreement”),  which  provided  for  an  incremental  term 
loan (the “Fourth Incremental Term Loan”) of $400.0 million under our second amended and restated credit agreement 
dated March 18, 2020 (the “Credit Agreement”), which we borrowed in full on April 26, 2023;

issued 5.4 million shares of our common stock to Smucker to fund a portion of the Pet Food acquisition; 

entered into a Joinder Agreement No. 3 (the “Third Joinder Agreement”), which provided for an incremental term loan 
(the “Third Incremental Term Loan”) of $130.0 million under our Credit Agreement, which we borrowed in full on 
November 18, 2022;

transferred  our  remaining  4.6  million  shares  of  BellRing  Common  Stock  to  the  lender  under  the  Third  Joinder 
Agreement  to  repay  $99.9  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Third  Incremental  Term  Loan  (the  “Second 
Debt-for-Equity Exchange”) on November 25, 2022; 

repaid the remaining principal amount of $30.1 million on the Third Incremental Term Loan on November 25, 2022; 

$220.8 million principal value of our 4.50% senior notes repurchased at a discount of $31.5 million; 

$96.8 million principal value of our 4.625% senior notes repurchased at a discount of $11.4 million;

$1.0 million principal value of our 5.625% senior notes repurchased;

$43.5 million paid related to the termination of certain of our rate-lock interest rate swap contracts, which contained 
non-cash, off-market financing elements; 

$345.0 million of investments held in the trust account returned in connection with the PHPC Redemption, of which 
$312.5 million was distributed to PHPC public stockholders;

4.4 million shares of our common stock repurchased at an average share price of $87.13 per share and at a total cost, 
including broker’s commissions, of $387.1 million; and

had outstanding letters of credit of $19.7 million under our $750.0 million revolving credit facility under our Credit 
Agreement  (the  “Revolving  Credit  Facility”),  which  reduced  the  available  borrowing  capacity  under  our  Revolving 
Credit Facility to $730.3 million at September 30, 2023.

Fiscal 2022

•

•

•

•

entered into a second amendment to our Credit Agreement to, among other provisions, facilitate the BellRing Spin-off 
and  to  change  the  reference  interest  rate  applicable  to  revolving  loan  borrowings  in  U.S.  Dollars  from  the  London 
Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to a rate based on the secured overnight financing rate;

entered  into  a  Joinder  Agreement  No.  1  (the  “First  Joinder  Agreement”),  in  connection  with  the  BellRing  Spin-off, 
which provided for an incremental term loan (the “First Incremental Term Loan”) of $840.0 million under our Credit 
Agreement, which we borrowed in full on March 8, 2022; 

contributed $550.4 million to BellRing in exchange for certain limited liability company interests of BellRing and the 
right to receive $840.0 million in aggregate principal amount of BellRing Notes in connection with the BellRing Spin-
off.  On  March  10,  2022,  we  delivered  the  BellRing  Notes  to  the  lenders  under  the  First  Joinder  Agreement  in  full 
satisfaction of the principal amount of the First Incremental Term Loan (the “Debt-for-Debt Exchange”); 

$840.0 million principal value repaid, or approximately 65%, of our outstanding 5.75% senior notes using the $840.0 
million  proceeds  from  the  First  Incremental  Term  Loan,  and  $24.1  million  premium  payment  made  on  the  partial 
extinguishment of our 5.75% senior notes;

47

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

entered into a Joinder Agreement No. 2 (the “Second Joinder Agreement”), which provided for an incremental term 
loan (the “Second Incremental Term Loan”) of $450.0 million under our Credit Agreement, which we borrowed in full 
on July 25, 2022; 

transferred 14.8 million of our shares of BellRing Common Stock to the lenders under the Second Joinder Agreement 
to  repay  $342.3  million  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Second  Incremental  Term  Loan  (the  “First  Debt-for-
Equity Exchange”) on August 11, 2022;

repaid  the  remaining  principal  amount  of  $107.7  million  of  the  Second  Incremental  Term  Loan  on  September  14, 
2022;

$575.0 million principal value issued of 2.50% convertible senior notes;

settled a modified “Dutch Auction” tender offer and purchased $139.8 million principal value, or approximately 8%, 
of  our  4.625%  senior  notes  at  87%  of  par,  including  a  5%  tender  premium,  and  $381.8  million  principal  value,  or 
approximately  22%,  of  our  4.50%  senior  notes  at  86%  of  par,  including  a  5%  tender  premium,  for  aggregate  cash 
consideration of $450.0 million, excluding accrued interest and fees;

$147.7 million principal value of our 4.50% senior notes repurchased at a discount of $21.3 million; 

$28.0 million principal value of our 4.625% senior notes repurchased at a discount of $3.8 million;

$15.0 million principal value of our 5.50% senior notes repurchased at a discount of $1.2 million; 

$500.0 million additional principal value issued of 5.50% senior notes;

4.9 million shares of our common stock repurchased at an average share price of $90.02 per share and at a total cost, 
including broker’s commissions, of $439.0 million; and

had  outstanding  letters  of  credit  of  $19.7  million  under  our  Revolving  Credit  Facility,  which  reduced  the  available 
borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility to $730.3 million at September 30, 2022.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Historically,  we  have  generated  and  expect  to  continue  to  generate  positive  cash  flows  from  operations.  We  believe  our 
cash  on  hand,  cash  flows  from  operations  and  current  and  possible  future  credit  facilities  will  be  sufficient  to  satisfy  our 
working  capital  requirements,  purchase  commitments,  interest  payments,  research  and  development  activities,  capital 
expenditures, pension contributions and other financing requirements for the foreseeable future. We are currently not aware of 
any trends or demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in, or that are reasonably likely to result in, our 
liquidity  increasing  or  decreasing  in  any  material  way  that  will  impact  meeting  our  capital  needs  during  or  beyond  the  next 
twelve  months.  Our  ability  to  generate  positive  cash  flows  from  operations  is  dependent  on  general  economic  conditions, 
competitive pressures and other business risk factors. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and cash on hand to satisfy 
our cash needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or are otherwise unable to comply with the 
terms of our credit facilities, we may be required to seek additional financing alternatives, which may require waivers under our 
Credit  Agreement  and  our  indentures  governing  our  senior  notes,  in  order  to  generate  additional  cash.  There  can  be  no 
assurance  that  we  would  be  able  to  obtain  additional  financing  or  any  such  waivers  on  terms  acceptable  to  us  or  at  all.  For 
additional  information  on  our  debt,  refer  to  Note  16  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this 
report.

Short-term financing needs primarily consist of working capital requirements and interest payments on our long-term debt. 
Long-term  financing  needs  will  depend  largely  on  potential  growth  opportunities,  including  acquisition  activity  and  other 
strategic transactions and repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt obligations. We may, from time to time, seek to retire 
or  purchase  our  outstanding  debt  through  cash  purchases  in  open  market  transactions,  privately  negotiated  transactions  or 
otherwise.  Additionally,  we  may  seek  to  repurchase  shares  of  our  common  stock.  Such  repurchases,  if  any,  will  depend  on 
prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may 
be material.

Obligations  under  our  Credit  Agreement  are  unconditionally  guaranteed  by  our  existing  and  subsequently  acquired  or 
organized  subsidiaries  (other  than  immaterial  subsidiaries,  certain  excluded  subsidiaries  and  subsidiaries  we  designate  as 
unrestricted subsidiaries, which include 8th Avenue and its subsidiaries) and are secured by security interests in substantially all 
of our assets and the assets of our subsidiary guarantors, but excluding, in each case, real property. These guarantees are subject 
to release in certain circumstances.

Our senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by each of our 
existing  and  subsequently  acquired  or  organized  domestic  subsidiaries,  other  than  immaterial  subsidiaries,  certain  excluded 

48

subsidiaries  and  subsidiaries  we  designate  as  unrestricted  subsidiaries,  which  include  8th  Avenue  and  its  subsidiaries.  These 
guarantees are subject to release in certain circumstances.

Our 2.50% convertible senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured 
basis  by  each  of  our  existing  domestic  subsidiaries  that  have  guaranteed  our  other  senior  notes,  which  excludes  certain 
immaterial subsidiaries, certain excluded subsidiaries and subsidiaries we designate as unrestricted subsidiaries under our other 
senior  notes  indentures,  which  include  8th  Avenue  and  its  subsidiaries.  If,  after  the  date  our  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes 
were issued, any domestic wholly-owned subsidiary guarantees any of our existing senior notes or any other debt securities we 
may issue in the form of senior unsecured notes or convertible or exchangeable notes, then we must cause such subsidiary to 
become a guarantor under the 2.50% convertible senior notes as well. 

Cash Requirements

Our cash requirements under our various contractual obligations and commitments include:

•  Debt  and  interest  obligations  –  See  Note  16  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements”  in  Item  8  of  this 
report  for  information  on  our  debt  and  the  timing  of  future  principal  and  interest  payments.  For  information  on  our 
interest rate swaps that require monthly settlements, see Note 13 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” 
in Item 8 of this report.

•  Purchase obligations – Purchase obligations are legally binding agreements to purchase goods, services or equipment 
that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased and/or penalties imposed for 
failing to meet contracted minimum purchase quantities (such as “take-or-pay” contracts); fixed, minimum or variable 
price  provisions;  and  the  approximate  timing  of  the  transaction.  The  Company  has  long-term  ingredient,  packaging, 
utility and information technology commitments used to support our various businesses for periods up to fiscal 2034. 
Minimum amounts committed to as of September 30, 2023 were $4,511.1 million (with $1,925.2 million due in fiscal 
2024), primarily related to long-term egg contracts, open purchase orders and accrued capital expenditures. 

• 

Leases – See Note 15 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report for information on 
our lease obligations and the amount and timing of future payments.

•  Pension  and  other  postretirement  benefit  obligations  –  See  Note  18  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements” in Item 8 of this report for information on our pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and the 
amount and timing of future payments.

•  Other  liabilities  –  Other  liabilities  include  obligations  associated  with  certain  employee  benefit  programs,  payments 
for workers’ compensation, general liability and auto liability claim losses, unrecognized tax benefits and various other 
long-term liabilities, all of which have some inherent uncertainty as to the amount and timing of payments and were 
reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023.

On  October  7,  2023,  we  entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  acquire  substantially  all  of  the  assets  of  Perfection  Pet 
Foods,  LLC  (“Perfection”)  for  $235.0  million,  subject  to  working  capital  adjustments.  Perfection  is  a  manufacturer  and 
packager of private label and co-manufactured pet food and baked treat products. The acquisition is expected to close in our 
first  quarter  of  fiscal  2024,  and  we  plan  to  use  a  combination  of  cash  on  hand  and  borrowings  under  our  Revolving  Credit 
Facility to fund the purchase price.

The following table presents cash flow data, which is discussed below.

dollars in millions

Cash provided by (used in):

Operating activities - continuing operations
Investing activities - continuing operations
Financing activities - continuing operations
Net cash used in discontinued operations
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Year ended September 30,

2023

2022

$ 

$ 

750.3  $ 
(669.3)   
(555.7)   
— 
1.8 
(472.9)  $ 

384.2 
(220.2) 
(237.2) 
(151.9) 
(9.0) 
(234.1) 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Activities - Continuing Operations

Cash  provided  by  operating  activities  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023  increased  $366.1  million  compared  to  the 
year ended September 30, 2022, primarily driven by higher operating profit, cash inflows related to fluctuations in the timing of 
sales and collections of trade receivables at our Post Consumer Brands and Foodservice segments (compared to cash outflows 
in fiscal 2022), lower interest payments of $19.8 million and lower net payments on our interest rate swaps of $16.9 million. 
These impacts were partially offset by cash outflows related to fluctuations in the timing of purchases and payments of trade 
payables  at  our  Post  Consumer  Brands  and  Foodservice  segments  (compared  to  cash  inflows  in  fiscal  2022)  and  higher  tax 
payments of $68.9 million.

Investing Activities - Continuing Operations

Fiscal 2023 

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended September 30, 2023 was $669.3 million, primarily driven by net cash 
payments of $715.2 million related to the Pet Food acquisition and capital expenditures of $303.0 million. Capital expenditures 
in  the  period  primarily  related  to  ongoing  projects  in  our  Post  Consumer  Brands  and  Foodservice  segments.  These  cash 
outflows were partially offset by a return of $345.0 million in connection with the PHPC Redemption which had been deposited 
in a trust account in connection with the PHPC IPO and the PHPC Private Placement.

Fiscal 2022

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended September 30, 2022 was $220.2 million. The cash outflow during the 
year  ended  September  30,  2022  was  driven  by  capital  expenditures  of  $255.3  million,  net  cash  payments  of  $24.8  million 
primarily related to our acquisition of Lacka Foods and cash paid related to investments in partnerships of $9.0 million. These 
cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from the sale of a business (related to the WEF Transaction) of $50.5 million 
and  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  property  and  assets  held  for  sale  of  $18.0  million.  Capital  expenditures  in  the  period  were 
primarily driven by ongoing projects in our Post Consumer Brands and Foodservice segments.

Financing Activities - Continuing Operations

Fiscal 2023 

Cash  used  in  financing  activities  was  $555.7  million  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023.  We  received  proceeds  of 
$400.0 million and $130.0 million from our Fourth Incremental Term Loan and our Third Incremental Term Loan, respectively. 
The  Third  Incremental  Term  Loan  was  partially  repaid  through  the  Second  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange,  and  the  remaining 
principal balance of $30.1 million was repaid using cash on hand. In addition, we repaid $318.6 million principal value of our 
4.50%, 4.625% and 5.625% senior notes, net of $42.9 million of discounts, and $1.1 million principal value of our municipal 
bond,  which  resulted  in  total  net  repayments  of  debt  of  $306.9  million.  We  distributed  $312.5  million  to  PHPC  public 
stockholders  in  connection  with  the  PHPC  Redemption.  We  paid  $387.1  million,  including  broker’s  commissions,  for 
repurchases of shares of our common stock and $43.5 million related to the termination of certain of our rate-lock interest rate 
swap contracts, which contained non-cash, off-market financing elements.

Fiscal 2022

Cash used in financing activities was $237.2 million for the year ended September 30, 2022. We paid $550.4 million of 
cash to BellRing in connection with the BellRing Spin-off, which was partially offset by cash receipts from BellRing of $3.2 
million prior to the BellRing Spin-off related to quarterly tax distributions pursuant to BellRing Brands, LLC’s amended and 
restated limited liability company agreement. We received proceeds of $840.0 million from our First Incremental Term Loan, 
which were used to repay $840.0 million principal value of our 5.75% senior notes. We received proceeds of $450.0 million 
from our Second Incremental Term Loan. The Second Incremental Term Loan was partially repaid through the First Debt-for-
Equity  Exchange  and  the  remaining  principal  balance  of  $107.7  million  was  repaid  using  cash  on  hand.  We  repaid 
$712.3  million  principal  value  of  our  4.50%,  4.625%  and  5.50%  senior  notes,  net  of  $97.8  million  in  discounts.  These 
repayments, combined with a principal payment of $1.1 million on a municipal bond, resulted in total net repayments of long-
term debt of $1,563.3 million. In connection with the repayment of the 5.75% senior notes (discussed above), we paid $24.1 
million in debt premiums. We received proceeds of $500.0 million and a premium of $17.5 million from our additional 5.50% 
senior  notes  issuance.  We  received  proceeds  of  $575.0  million  from  our  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  issuance.  We  paid 
$26.4 million in debt issuance costs and deferred financing fees primarily in connection with our additional 5.50% senior notes 
issuance, our 2.50% convertible senior notes issuance, our First Incremental Term Loan, our Second Incremental Term Loan 
and  the  amendment  of  our  Credit  Agreement.  We  paid  $443.0  million,  including  broker’s  commissions,  for  repurchases  of 
shares of our common stock, which included repurchases of shares of our common stock that were accrued at September 30, 
2021 and did not settle until fiscal 2022.

50

Debt Covenants

Credit Agreement

Under the terms of our Credit Agreement, we are required to comply with a financial covenant consisting of a secured net 
leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) not to exceed 4.25 to 1.00, measured as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, 
if, as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, the aggregate outstanding amount of all revolving credit loans, swing line loans and 
letter of credit obligations (subject to certain exceptions specified in the Credit Agreement) exceeds 30% of our revolving credit 
commitments.  In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  under  the  terms  of  the  Fourth  Joinder  Agreement,  so  long  as  any  principal  or 
accrued  interest  remains  outstanding  with  respect  to  the  Fourth  Incremental  Term  Loan,  we  are  required  to  comply  with 
financial  covenants  consisting  of  the  foregoing  secured  net  leverage  ratio  as  of  the  last  day  of  each  fiscal  quarter  and  a 
minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of not less than 2.00 to 1.00, measured as of 
the last day of each fiscal quarter. As of September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with these financial covenants. We do not 
believe non-compliance is reasonably likely in the foreseeable future.

Our  Credit  Agreement  provides  for  incremental  revolving  and  term  loan  facilities,  and  also  permits  other  secured  or 

unsecured debt, if, among other conditions, certain financial ratios are met, as defined and specified in the Credit Agreement. 

COMMODITY TRENDS AND SEASONALITY

Our Company is exposed to regular price fluctuations primarily from purchases of raw materials, including ingredients and 
packaging  materials,  energy  and  other  inputs.  Primary  exposures  include  wheat,  oats,  rice,  corn,  other  grain  products,  eggs, 
sows, pasta, potatoes, bakery products, cheese, milk, butter, vegetable oils, dairy- and vegetable-based proteins, sugar and other 
sweeteners, fruit, nuts, natural gas, electricity, diesel fuel, carbon dioxide, folding cartons, corrugated boxes, flexible and rigid 
plastic  film,  trays  and  containers,  beverage  packaging,  plastic  lined  cartonboard,  large  format  bags  and  steel  cans  and  lids. 
These  costs  have  been  volatile  in  recent  years  and  future  changes  in  such  costs  may  cause  our  results  of  operations  and  our 
operating  margins  to  fluctuate  significantly.  We  manage  the  impact  of  cost  increases,  wherever  possible,  on  commercially 
reasonable terms, by locking in prices on the quantities required to meet our anticipated production requirements. In addition, 
we may offset the effect of increased costs by raising prices to our customers. However, for competitive reasons, we may not be 
able to pass along the full effect of increases in raw materials and other input costs as we incur them. 

Inflationary pressures can have an adverse effect on us through higher raw material, including ingredients and packaging, 
and  energy  costs,  and  we  experienced  input  cost  inflationary  headwinds  across  all  segments  of  our  business  during  the  year 
ended September 30, 2023. Raw material, including ingredient and packaging, and energy inflation has been widespread, rapid 
and significant and has put downward pressures on our profit margins. We have largely mitigated these impacts through pricing 
actions  across  all  segments,  cost  savings  measures  and  hedging  programs.  We  expect  inflationary  pressures  to  continue  into 
fiscal 2024, albeit at a slower rate than fiscal 2023 for our domestic segments. These trends could have a materially adverse 
impact on our businesses in the future if inflation rates significantly exceed our ability to continue to achieve price increases or 
cost savings or if such price increases significantly impact demand for our products.

Demand for certain of our products may be influenced by holidays, changes in seasons or other events, which may impact 
customer and consumer spending patterns and the timing of promotional activities. For example, demand for our egg products, 
potatoes, sausage, side dishes, butter and cheese tends to increase during the Thanksgiving, Christmas, Easter and other holiday 
seasons, which may result in increased net sales during the corresponding quarters of our fiscal year when such holidays occur. 
However,  on  a  consolidated  basis  our  net  sales  and  results  of  operations  generally  are  distributed  relatively  evenly  over  the 
quarters of our fiscal year.

CURRENCY

Certain  sales  and  costs  of  our  foreign  operations  were  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  our  reporting  currency, 
primarily Pounds Sterling and Canadian Dollars. Consequently, profits from these businesses can be impacted by fluctuations in 
the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar. We incur gains and losses within our shareholders’ equity due to the 
translation of our financial statements from foreign currencies into U.S. Dollars. Our results of operations may be impacted by 
the translation of the results of operations of our foreign operations into U.S. Dollars. The exchange rates used to translate our 
foreign sales into U.S. Dollars positively affected consolidated net sales by less than 1% during the year ended September 30, 
2023, and did not have a material impact on our operating profit or net earnings during the year ended September 30, 2023.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America (“GAAP”) requires the use of judgment, estimates and assumptions. We make these subjective determinations after 
considering  our  historical  performance,  management’s  experience,  current  economic  trends  and  events  and  information  from 
outside sources. Inherent in this process is the possibility that actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions 
for any particular period.

51

Our  critical  accounting  estimates  are  those  that  involve  a  significant  amount  of  estimation  uncertainty  and  have  a 
meaningful impact on the reporting of our financial condition and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with 
our significant accounting policies as described in Note 2 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this 
report. 

Revenue Recognition, Allowance for Trade Promotions — The recognition of certain variable trade promotions requires 
significant  management  judgment  regarding  estimated  purchase  volumes  and  program  participation.  Estimates  are  based  on 
contractual  provisions,  redemption  rate  assumptions  and  our  assessment  of  current  market  provisions.  Redemption  rate 
assumptions  are  based  on  historical  results  of  similar  promotions  on  a  program-by-program  basis,  adjusted  for  current 
expectations  of  promotion  performance  based  on  current  market  trends.  We  review  and  update  estimates  of  variable 
consideration quarterly. Uncertainties related to the estimates of variable consideration are resolved in a short time frame and do 
not  require  any  additional  constraint  on  variable  consideration.  Approximately  1%  of  our  annual  net  sales  represent  variable 
consideration that will be resolved in the subsequent period. Based on historical experience, we do not believe that there will be 
significant  changes  to  our  estimates  of  variable  consideration  when  any  uncertainties  are  resolved  with  customers.  However, 
significant changes in our estimates could have a material impact on our results of operations.

Business Combinations — We use the acquisition method of accounting for acquired businesses that meet the criteria to 
be accounted for as a business combination, whereby the fair value of total consideration transferred is allocated to the assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. The allocation of 
the  purchase  price  in  a  business  combination  requires  us  to  perform  valuations  with  significant  judgment  and  estimates.  As 
such, in the case of significant acquisitions, we engage the assistance of third-party valuation specialists in estimating the fair 
value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed. 

Various valuation methodologies may be used in estimating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based 
on the nature of the underlying asset or liability. Inventory acquired is valued using a combination of the replacement cost and 
comparatives sales methodologies, while property acquired is valued using a combination of the market and replacement cost 
new  approaches.  Intangible  assets  acquired,  including  customer  relationships  and  trademarks  and  licensing  agreements,  are 
valued  using  an  income-based  approach.  The  income  approach  utilizes  inputs  that  require  significant  assumptions  for  each 
identifiable  intangible  asset,  including  estimates  regarding  future  revenue  growth,  profitability,  discount  rates,  attrition  rates, 
royalty  rates  and  economic  lives.  Revenue  growth  assumptions  (along  with  profitability  assumptions)  are  based  on  historical 
trends  and  management’s  expectations  for  future  growth.  Discount  rates  are  based  on  a  weighted-average  cost  of  capital 
utilizing industry market data of similar companies. Attrition rates are estimated based on historical customer experience and 
analysis of comparable peer transactions. Royalty rates are determined based on profit levels, research of external royalty rates 
by third-party specialists and the relative importance of each trademark to our Company. 

The fair value estimates are based on available historical information and on expectations and assumptions about the future, 
considering the perspective of marketplace participants. While we believe those expectations and assumptions are reasonable, 
they are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur, which could affect 
the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Additionally, determining the useful lives of tangible and intangible 
assets requires judgment, as different types of assets will have different useful lives.

Indefinite-Lived Assets — We assess indefinite-lived intangible assets for recoverability utilizing either a qualitative or 
quantitative test. If a quantitative test is performed, the fair value is determined using an income-based approach, which requires 
significant assumptions for each indefinite-lived asset, including estimates regarding future revenue growth, discount rates and 
royalty  rates.  Revenue  growth  assumptions  are  based  on  historical  trends  and  management’s  expectations  for  future  growth. 
The  discount  rates  are  based  on  a  risk  adjusted  weighted-average  cost  of  capital  utilizing  industry  market  data  of  similar 
companies. Royalty rates are determined based on profit levels, research of external royalty rates by third-party specialists and 
the relative importance of each brand to our Company. 

Changes  in  the  assumptions  used  to  estimate  the  fair  value  of  our  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  could  result  in 
impairment charges in future periods. These key assumptions are inherently uncertain and require a high degree of estimation 
and  are  subject  to  change  based  on,  among  others,  industry  and  geopolitical  conditions,  our  ability  to  navigate  changing 
macroeconomic conditions and trends and the timing and success of strategic initiatives. Additionally, certain factors have the 
potential  to  create  variances  in  the  estimated  fair  values  of  our  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets,  which  also  could  result  in 
impairment charges. These factors include (i) failure to achieve forecasted revenue growth rates, (ii) increases in the discount 
rate or (iii) a significant change in profitability and the corresponding royalty rate. 

In  fiscal  2023,  2022  and  2021,  we  performed  a  quantitative  impairment  test  for  all  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  and 
concluded  each  year  there  were  no  impairments.  The  estimated  fair  value  of  all  indefinite-lived  trademarks  exceeded  book 
value by 11% or greater, 23% or greater and 22% or greater at September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Goodwill  —  We  assess  goodwill  for  recoverability  using  either  a  qualitative  or  quantitative  test.  If  a  quantitative  test  is 
performed,  the  fair  value  of  each  reporting  unit  is  determined  using  a  combined  income  and  market  approach  with  a  greater 

52

weighting on the income approach (75% of the calculation for all reporting units). The income approach is based on discounted 
future  cash  flows  and  requires  significant  assumptions,  including  estimates  regarding  future  revenue  growth,  profitability, 
capital  requirements  and  discount  rates.  The  market  approach  (25%  of  the  calculation  for  all  reporting  units)  is  based  on  a 
market  multiple  (revenue  and  “EBITDA,”  which  stands  for  earnings  before  interest,  income  taxes,  depreciation  and 
amortization) and requires an estimate of appropriate multiples based on market data. Revenue growth assumptions (along with 
profitability and cash flow assumptions) were based on historical trends for the reporting units and management’s expectations 
for future growth. The discount rates were based on a risk adjusted weighted-average cost of capital utilizing industry market 
data  of  businesses  similar  to  the  reporting  units  and  based  upon  management’s  judgment.  For  the  market  approach,  we  used 
estimated EBITDA and revenue multiples based on industry market data. 

Changes  in  the  assumptions  used  to  estimate  the  fair  value  of  each  reporting  unit  could  result  in  impairment  charges  in 
future  periods.  These  key  assumptions  are  inherently  uncertain  and  require  a  high  degree  of  estimation  and  are  subject  to 
change  based  on,  among  others,  industry  and  geopolitical  conditions,  our  ability  to  navigate  changing  macroeconomic 
conditions  and  trends  and  the  timing  and  success  of  strategic  initiatives.  Variances  between  the  actual  performance  of  the 
businesses and the assumptions that were used in developing the estimates of fair value could result in impairment charges in 
future periods. Factors that could create variances in the estimated fair value of the reporting units include but are not limited to 
(i)  fluctuations  in  forecasted  sales  volumes,  which  can  be  driven  by  external  factors  affecting  demand  such  as  changes  in 
consumer  preferences  and  consumer  responses  to  marketing  and  pricing  strategy,  (ii)  changes  in  product  costs,  including 
commodities, (iii) a significant change in profitability, (iv) interest rate fluctuations and (v) currency fluctuations.

In fiscal 2023, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $42.2 million related to our Cheese and Dairy reporting unit 
driven primarily by narrowing of the pricing gap between branded and private label competitors, resulting in distribution losses 
and  declining  profitability.  The  Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit  had  an  aggregate  carrying  value  after  impairment  of  $335.3 
million as of September 30, 2023. 

At September 30, 2023, our Weetabix reporting unit fair value exceeded its carrying value by approximately 6.4% and was 
impacted  by  raw  material  and  energy  cost  inflation  as  well  as  U.K.  economic  pressures  negatively  impacting  consumer 
spending trends, both of which impacted near-term profitability. We expect these impacts to be transitory in nature; however, 
inherent risk to the reporting unit’s cash flows remains. If we had increased the discount rate assumption used to estimate the 
fair value of our Weetabix reporting unit as of the fiscal 2023 annual impairment test by 50 basis points, this isolated change, 
which is reasonably possible to occur, would have decreased the Weetabix reporting unit’s fair value below its carrying value 
by 1.1%. The Weetabix reporting unit had a goodwill balance of $854.3 million as of September 30, 2023.

For additional information on the results of our annual goodwill impairment assessment for the years ended September 30, 

2023, 2022 and 2021, refer to Note 8 within “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits — Pension assets and liabilities are determined on an actuarial basis and are 
affected  by  the  estimated  market-related  value  of  plan  assets,  estimates  of  the  expected  return  on  plan  assets,  discount  rates, 
future salary increases and other assumptions inherent in these valuations. We annually review the assumptions underlying the 
actuarial  calculations  and  make  changes  to  these  assumptions,  based  on  current  market  conditions  and  historical  trends,  as 
necessary.  Differences  between  the  actual  returns  on  plan  assets  and  the  expected  returns  on  plan  assets  and  changes  to 
projected future rates of return on plan assets will affect the amount of pension expense or income ultimately recognized. The 
other postretirement benefits liability (partially subsidized retiree health and life insurance) is also determined on an actuarial 
basis and is affected by assumptions including discount rates and expected trends in healthcare costs. Changes in the discount 
rates  and  differences  between  actual  and  expected  healthcare  costs  will  affect  the  recorded  amount  of  other  postretirement 
benefits expense. 

For both pensions and other postretirement benefit calculations, the assumed discount rates are determined by projecting 
the  plans’  expected  future  benefit  payments  as  defined  for  the  projected  benefit  obligation  or  accumulated  postretirement 
benefit  obligation,  discounting  those  expected  payments  using  a  theoretical  zero-coupon  spot  yield  curve  derived  from  a 
universe  of  high-quality  (rated  AA  or  better  by  Moody’s  Investor  Service)  corporate  bonds  as  of  the  measurement  date  and 
solving  for  the  single  equivalent  discount  rate  that  results  in  the  same  present  value.  A  one  percentage  point  decrease  in  the 
assumed discount rates (from 6.06% to 5.06% for U.S. pension; from 6.01% to 5.01% for U.S. other postretirement benefits; 
from 5.68% to 4.68% for Canadian pension; from 5.67% to 4.67% for Canadian other postretirement benefits and from 5.67% 
to  4.67%  for  other  international  pension)  would  have  increased  the  recorded  benefit  obligations  at  September  30,  2023  by 
approximately $71 million for pensions and approximately $5 million for other postretirement benefits.

  The  expected  return  on  plan  assets  was  determined  based  on  historical  and  expected  future  returns  of  the  various  asset 
classes, using the target allocations of the plans. A one percentage point decrease in the assumed return on plan assets (from 
6.50%  to  5.50%  for  U.S.;  from  5.75%  to  4.75%  for  Canada  and  from  5.63%  to  4.63%  for  other  international)  would  have 
increased the net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans by approximately $7 million. We expect to contribute $0.3 million 
to the combined pension plans in fiscal 2024. Contributions beyond fiscal 2024 remain uncertain and will significantly depend 

53

on changes in actuarial assumptions, actual return on plan assets and any legislative or regulatory changes that may affect plan 
funding requirements. We do not make contributions to our postretirement medical benefit plans. See Note 18 within “Notes to 
Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report for more information about pension and other postretirement benefit 
assumptions. 

RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

We considered all new accounting pronouncements and have concluded there are no new pronouncements that had or will 
have  a  material  impact  on  our  consolidated  results  of  operations,  comprehensive  income,  financial  condition,  cash  flows, 
shareholders’ equity or related disclosures based on current information.

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is exposed to market risk from commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, among 
others. For additional discussion of these risks, refer to “Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1 of 
this report and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report.

Commodity Price Risk

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  the  Company  is  exposed  to  commodity  price  risks  relating  to  the  acquisition  of  raw 
materials, including ingredients and packaging, energy and fuel. The Company may use futures contracts and options to manage 
certain  of  these  exposures  when  it  is  practical  to  do  so.  A  hypothetical  10%  adverse  change  in  the  market  price  of  the 
Company’s principal hedged commodities, including natural gas, heating oil, soybean oil, corn, wheat and dairy, would have 
decreased the fair value of the Company’s commodity-related derivatives portfolio by approximately $5 million and $7 million 
as  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.  This  volatility  analysis  ignores  changes  in  the  exposures  inherent  in  the 
underlying hedged transactions. Because the Company does not hold or trade derivatives for speculation or profit, all changes in 
derivative values are effectively offset by corresponding changes in the underlying commodity exposures. 

For  more  information  regarding  the  Company’s  commodity  derivative  contracts,  refer  to  Note  13  within  “Notes  to 

Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report. 

Foreign Currency Risk

Related to its foreign subsidiaries, the Company is exposed to risks of fluctuations in future cash flows and earnings due to 
changes  in  foreign  currency  exchange  rates.  To  mitigate  these  risks,  the  Company  uses  a  combination  of  foreign  currency 
exchange contracts, which may consist of options, forward contracts and currency swaps. As of both September 30, 2023 and 
2022, a hypothetical 10% change in the Euro-GBP foreign currency exchange rate would have changed the fair value of the 
Company’s foreign currency-related derivatives portfolio by an immaterial amount. 

For additional information regarding the Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts, refer to Note 13 within “Notes 

to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

Interest Rate Risk

Long-term debt

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had outstanding principal value of indebtedness of $6,049.6 million related to its 
senior  notes,  the  Fourth  Incremental  Term  Loan  and  a  municipal  bond,  and  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  had  available 
borrowing capacity of $730.3 million. Of the total $6,049.6 million of outstanding indebtedness, $5,644.3 million bore interest 
at a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 4.8%. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had principal value of indebtedness 
of $5,969.3 million related to its senior notes and a municipal bond, and the Revolving Credit Facility had available borrowing 
capacity  of  $730.3  million.  Of  the  total  $5,969.3  million  of  outstanding  indebtedness,  $5,962.9  million  bore  interest  at  a 
weighted-average fixed interest rate of 4.8%. 

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the Company’s total debt, excluding any outstanding indebtedness 
under the municipal bond, was $5,491.5 million and $5,171.0 million, respectively. Changes in interest rates impact fixed and 
variable rate debt differently. For fixed rate debt, a change in interest rates will only impact the fair value of the debt, whereas a 
change in the interest rates on variable rate debt will impact interest expense and cash flows. A hypothetical 10% decrease in 
interest rates would have increased the fair value of the fixed rate debt by approximately $112 million and $111 million as of 
September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would have had an immaterial impact 
on both interest expense and interest paid on variable rate debt during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

For  additional  information  regarding  the  Company’s  debt,  refer  to  Note  16  within  “Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 

Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

54

Interest rate swaps

As  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  had  interest  rate  swaps  with  a  notional  value  of  $700.0  million  and 
$1,381.9 million, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would have decreased the fair value of the interest 
rate swaps by approximately $15 million and $48 million as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

For  additional  information  regarding  the  Company’s  interest  rate  swap  contracts,  refer  to  Note  13  within  “Notes  to 

Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this report.

55

ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)    ....................................................................
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021    ..........................
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021    ......
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and 2022     .......................................................................................
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021      .........................
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021   ..........
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements   .........................................................................................................................

57
60
61
62
63
64
66

56

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Post Holdings, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  and  its  subsidiaries  (the 
“Company”)  as  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  and  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  of  comprehensive 
income, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2023, including 
the  related  notes  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  “consolidated  financial  statements”).  We  also  have  audited  the  Company's 
internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the 
three years in the period ended September 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States  of  America.  Also  in  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over 
financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal 
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included 
in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express 
opinions  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  and  on  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in 
all material respects.

Our  audits  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material 
misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to 
those  risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the 
consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Our  audit  of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting, 
assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal 
control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

As  described  in  Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting,  management  has  excluded  certain 
elements of the internal control over financial reporting of the acquired pet food business (“Pet Food”) from its assessment of 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  September  30,  2023,  because  it  was  acquired  by  the  Company  in  a  purchase 
business combination in the period ended September 30, 2023. Subsequent to the acquisition, certain elements of Pet Food’s 
internal control over financial reporting and related processes were integrated into the Company’s existing systems and internal 
control over financial reporting. Those controls that were not integrated have been excluded from management’s assessment of 
the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023. We have also excluded these elements of 
the  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  of  Pet  Food  from  our  audit  of  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting. The excluded elements represent controls over approximately 2% or $223.5 million of consolidated assets and 10% 
or $679.8 million of the consolidated net sales.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted  accounting  principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures 
that  (i)  pertain  to  the  maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and 

57

dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and 
expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the 
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The  critical  audit  matters  communicated  below  are  matters  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  consolidated 
financial  statements  that  were  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that  (i)  relate  to 
accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, 
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the 
consolidated  financial  statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not,  by  communicating  the  critical  audit  matters  below, 
providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. 

Acquisition of Pet Food - Valuation of Customer Relationships and Trademarks and Licensing Agreements

As described in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, on April 28, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition 
of a portion of The J. M. Smucker Company’s pet food business (“Pet Food”) for net consideration of $1,207.5 million. Of the 
acquired intangible assets, $235.0 million of trademarks and licensing agreements and $391.0 million of customer relationships 
were recorded. As disclosed by management, the intangible assets acquired, including customer relationships and trademarks 
and  licensing  agreements,  are  valued  using  an  income-based  approach.  The  income  approach  utilizes  inputs  that  require 
significant assumptions for each identifiable intangible asset, including estimates regarding future revenue growth, profitability, 
discount rates, attrition rate, royalty rates, and economic lives.

The  principal  considerations  for  our  determination  that  performing  procedures  relating  to  the  valuation  of  customer 
relationships and trademarks and licensing agreements is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management 
when developing the fair value estimate of the customer relationships and trademarks and licensing agreements acquired, (ii) a 
high  degree  of  auditor  judgment,  subjectivity,  and  effort  in  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  management’s  significant 
assumptions  related  to  future  revenue  growth,  profitability,  discount  rate,  attrition  rate,  and  economic  life  for  customer 
relationships  and  future  revenue  growth,  profitability,  discount  rates,  royalty  rates,  and  economic  lives  for  trademarks  and 
licensing agreements, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing  the  matter  involved  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  audit  evidence  in  connection  with  forming  our 
overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating 
to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation of the customer relationships and trademarks and 
licensing  agreements.  These  procedures  also  included,  among  others,  (i)  reading  the  purchase  agreement;  (ii)  testing 
management’s  process  for  developing  the  fair  value  estimate  of  the  customer  relationships  and  trademarks  and  licensing 
agreements acquired, (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of the income approaches used to estimate fair value, (iv) testing the 
completeness  and  accuracy  of  underlying  data  used  in  the  income  approaches,  and  (v)  evaluating  the  reasonableness  of  the 
significant  assumptions  used  by  management  related  to  future  revenue  growth,  profitability,  discount  rate,  attrition  rate  and 
economic life for customer relationships and future revenue growth, profitability, discount rates, royalty rates, and economic 
lives  for  tradenames  and  licensing  agreements.  Evaluating  management’s  significant  assumptions  related  to  future  revenue 
growth and profitability for customer relationships and trademarks and licensing agreements involved evaluating whether the 
assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the Pet Food business, 
(ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence 
obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the 
appropriateness  of  the  Company’s  income  approaches,  and  (ii)  the  reasonableness  of  the  discount  rate,  attrition  rate,  and 
economic life for customer relationships and the discount rates, royalty rates, and economic lives for trademarks and licensing 
agreements.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Weetabix Reporting Unit Within the Weetabix Segment and Cheese and Dairy Reporting 
Unit Within the Refrigerated Retail Segment

As described in Notes 2 and 8 to the consolidated financial statements, as of September 30, 2023, the Company’s goodwill 
balance  was  $4,574.4  million,  of  which  the  goodwill  associated  with  the  Refrigerated  Retail  and  Weetabix  segments  was 
$712.8 million and $854.3 million, respectively. The Cheese and Dairy reporting unit within the Refrigerated Retail segment 
and the Weetabix reporting unit within the Weetabix segment each make up a certain portion and a significant portion of the 

58

respective  segments.  Management  conducts  a  goodwill  impairment  assessment  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year 
following the annual forecasting process, or more frequently if facts and circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. 
Management  recorded  a  goodwill  impairment  charge  of  $42.2  million  related  to  the  Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit  driven 
primarily by narrowing of the pricing gap between branded and private label competitors, resulting in distribution losses and 
declining  profitability.  Additionally,  as  of  September  30,  2023,  the  Weetabix  reporting  unit  fair  value  exceeded  its  carrying 
value by approximately 6.4% and was impacted by raw material and energy cost inflation as well as U.K. economic pressures 
negatively impacting consumer spending trends, both of which impacted near-term profitability. The estimated fair value of a 
reporting unit is determined using a combined income and market approach with a greater weighting on the income approach. 
The  income  approach  is  based  on  discounted  future  cash  flows  and  requires  significant  assumptions,  including  estimates 
regarding  future  revenue,  profitability,  capital  requirements  and  discount  rates.  The  market  approach  is  based  on  a  market 
multiple (revenue and “EBITDA,” which stands for earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization) and 
requires an estimate of multiples based on market data for comparable peers.

The  principal  considerations  for  our  determination  that  performing  procedures  relating  to  the  goodwill  impairment 
assessment  of  the  Weetabix  reporting  unit  within  the  Weetabix  segment  and  the  Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit  within  the 
Refrigerated Retail segment is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair 
value estimate of the Weetabix and Cheese and Dairy reporting units, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and 
effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to future revenue, profitability, 
the discount rates, the revenue market multiples and the EBITDA market multiples, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of 
professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

Addressing  the  matter  involved  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  audit  evidence  in  connection  with  forming  our 
overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating 
to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Weetabix and the Cheese and 
Dairy reporting units. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair 
value estimates, (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the income and market approaches used to estimate fair value, (iii) testing 
the  completeness  and  accuracy  of  underlying  data  used  in  the  approaches,  and  (iv)  evaluating  the  reasonableness  of  the 
significant  assumptions  used  by  management  related  to  future  revenue,  profitability,  the  discount  rates,  the  revenue  market 
multiples and the EBITDA market multiples. Evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to future revenue and 
profitability involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and 
past performance of the Weetabix and Cheese and Dairy reporting units, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry 
data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with 
specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the Company’s income and market 
approaches, and (ii) the reasonableness of the discount rates, the revenue market multiples and the EBITDA market multiples 
assumptions.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

St. Louis, Missouri
November 17, 2023 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011. 

59

POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)

Net Sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross Profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of goodwill
Other operating expense (income), net
Operating Profit
Interest expense, net
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, net
Income on swaps, net
Gain on investment in BellRing
Other income, net
Earnings before Income Taxes and Equity Method Loss
Income tax expense
Equity method loss, net of tax
Net Earnings from Continuing Operations, Including Noncontrolling 
Interests
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests from continuing 
operations
Net Earnings from Continuing Operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax and noncontrolling interest
Net Earnings

Earnings from Continuing Operations per Common Share:
Basic
Diluted

Earnings from Discontinued Operations per Common Share:
Basic
Diluted

Earnings per Common Share:
Basic
Diluted

Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic
Diluted

2023
$  6,991.0 
5,109.3 
1,881.7 
1,078.4 
160.7 
42.2 
1.5 
598.9 
279.1 
(40.5) 
(39.9) 
(5.1) 
(7.6) 
412.9 
99.7 
0.3 

Year Ended September 30,
2022
$  5,851.2 
4,383.7 
1,467.5 
904.7 
146.0 
— 
1.2 
415.6 
317.8 
(72.6) 
(268.0) 
(437.1) 
(19.8) 
895.3 
85.7 
67.1 

2021
$  4,980.7 
3,552.6 
1,428.1 
807.0 
143.2 
— 
(9.8) 
487.7 
332.6 
93.2 
(122.8) 
— 
(29.3) 
214.0 
58.2 
43.9 

312.9 

11.6 
301.3 
— 
301.3 

5.21 
4.82 

— 
— 

5.21 
4.82 

60.0 
67.0 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

742.5 

7.5 
735.0 
21.6 
756.6 

12.07 
11.75 

0.35 
0.34 

12.42 
12.09 

60.9 
62.7 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

111.9 

7.0 
104.9 
61.8 
166.7 

1.46 
1.44 

0.96 
0.94 

2.42 
2.38 

64.2 
65.3 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)

Net Earnings
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests from continuing operations
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest from discontinued operations
Net Earnings Including Noncontrolling Interests
Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments:

$ 

Unrealized pension and postretirement benefit obligations

Reclassifications to net earnings 

Hedging adjustments:

Reclassifications to net earnings 

Foreign currency translation adjustments:

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments
Tax benefit (expense) on other comprehensive income:

Pension and postretirement benefits adjustments:

Unrealized pension and postretirement benefit obligations
Reclassifications to net earnings

Hedging adjustments:

Reclassifications to net earnings

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

301.3 
11.6 
— 
312.9 

3.4 

(4.8) 

756.6 
7.5 
11.8 
775.9 

(24.0) 

(1.9) 

166.7 
7.0 
33.0 
206.7 

(8.1) 

(0.6) 

— 

7.1 

2.3 

126.4 

(293.9) 

77.4 

(0.3) 
1.1 

— 

6.7 
0.4 

1.9 
0.2 

(1.8) 

(0.6) 

Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Including Noncontrolling 
Interests
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Total Comprehensive Income

$ 

$ 

125.8 
9.6 
429.1 

$ 

$ 

(307.4) 
20.0 
448.5 

$ 

$ 

72.5 
40.3 
238.9 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value)

ASSETS

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Receivables, net
Inventories
Investment in BellRing
Investments held in trust
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total Current Assets

Property, net
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net
Other assets

Total Assets

Current Liabilities

Current portion of long-term debt
Accounts payable
Other current liabilities

Total Current Liabilities

Long-term debt
Deferred income taxes
Other liabilities

Total Liabilities

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 17)

Redeemable noncontrolling interest

Shareholders’ Equity

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50.0 shares authorized; zero shares outstanding in each 
year
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300.0 shares authorized; 60.4 and 58.7 shares outstanding, 
respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Treasury stock, at cost, 31.3 and 26.9 shares, respectively

Total Shareholders’ Equity Excluding Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests

Total Shareholders’ Equity
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

September 30,

2023

2022

$ 

93.3 
23.9 
512.4 
789.9 
— 
— 
59.0 
1,478.5 
2,021.4 
4,574.4 
3,212.4 
360.0 
$  11,646.7 

$ 

1.1 
368.8 
435.4 
805.3 
6,039.0 
674.4 
276.7 
7,795.4 

$ 

$ 

$ 

586.5 
3.6 
544.2 
549.1 
94.8 
346.8 
98.4 
2,223.4 
1,751.9 
4,349.6 
2,712.2 
270.9 
11,308.0 

1.1 
452.7 
370.0 
823.8 
5,956.6 
688.4 
266.9 
7,735.7 

— 

306.6 

— 

— 

0.9 
5,288.1 
1,416.5 
(135.1) 
(2,728.3) 
3,842.1 
9.2 
3,851.3 
$  11,646.7 

0.9 
4,748.2 
1,109.0 
(262.9) 
(2,341.2) 
3,254.0 
11.7 
3,265.7 
11,308.0 

$ 

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

312.9 

$ 

742.5 

$ 

111.9 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net earnings from continuing operations, including noncontrolling interests
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings from continuing operations, including noncontrolling 
interests, to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, net
Impairment of goodwill
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, foreign exchange contracts and warrant liabilities, net
Gain on investment in BellRing
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense
Equity method loss, net of tax
Deferred income taxes
Non-cash gain on write-off of deferred underwriting commissions
Other, net
Other changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions, divestitures and 
held for sale assets and liabilities:

Decrease (increase) in receivables, net
(Increase) decrease in inventories
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and other current liabilities
Increase (decrease) in non-current liabilities

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities - continuing operations
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities - discontinued operations
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Return of subsidiary investments held in trust account
Additions to property
Proceeds from sale of property and assets held for sale
Proceeds from sale of business
Sale of equity securities
Investments in partnerships
Investment of subsidiary initial public offering proceeds into trust account
Other, net

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities - continuing operations
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities - discontinued operations
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of debt
Repayments of debt, net of discounts
Purchases of treasury stock
Proceeds from subsidiary initial public offering
Premium from issuance of debt
Payments of debt issuance costs, deferred financing fees and tender fees
Payments of debt premiums 
Redemption of Post Holdings Partnering Corporation Series A common stock
Financing portion of cash paid for rate-lock interest rate swaps
Cash received from share repurchase contracts
Distributions (to) from BellRing Brands, Inc., net
Other, net

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities - continuing operations
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities - discontinued operations
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Year
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash from discontinued operations, Beginning of Year
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash from discontinued operations, End of Year
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash, End of Year

$ 

 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

63

407.1 
(40.5) 
42.2 
(44.3) 
(5.1) 
77.2 
0.3 
(22.9) 
(10.7) 
24.6 

30.6 
(31.9) 
50.2 
(17.0) 
(29.9) 
7.5 
750.3 
— 
750.3 

(715.2) 
345.0 
(303.0) 
1.3 
4.6 
— 
(1.7) 
— 
(0.3) 
(669.3) 
— 
(669.3) 

530.0 
(306.9) 
(387.1) 
— 
— 
(3.1) 
— 
(312.5) 
(43.5) 
— 
— 
(32.6) 
(555.7) 
— 
(555.7) 
1.8 
(472.9) 
590.1 
— 
— 
117.2 

$ 

380.2 
(72.6) 
— 
(296.2) 
(437.1) 
65.8 
67.1 
(9.7) 
— 
0.9 

(102.0) 
(86.8) 
0.3 
28.8 
106.4 
(3.4) 
384.2 
(1.6) 
382.6 

(24.8) 
— 
(255.3) 
18.0 
50.5 
— 
(9.0) 
— 
0.4 
(220.2) 
(0.8) 
(221.0) 

2,365.0 
(1,563.3) 
(443.0) 
— 
17.5 
(26.4) 
(24.1) 
— 
— 
— 
(547.2) 
(15.7) 
(237.2) 
(149.5) 
(386.7) 
(9.0) 
(234.1) 
671.6 
152.6 
— 
590.1 

$ 

366.5 
93.2 
— 
(170.5) 
— 
48.7 
43.9 
68.2 
— 
(8.8) 

(117.1) 
22.1 
(68.4) 
5.9 
(48.7) 
15.2 
362.1 
226.1 
588.2 

(290.3) 
— 
(190.9) 
19.4 
— 
34.2 
(22.1) 
(345.0) 
2.7 
(792.0) 
(1.6) 
(793.6) 

1,800.0 
(1,698.3) 
(397.1) 
305.0 
— 
(16.8) 
(74.3) 
— 
— 
47.5 
24.6 
(37.2) 
(46.6) 
(120.9) 
(167.5) 
3.7 
(369.2) 
1,144.7 
48.7 
152.6 
671.6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions)

Post Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital

Retained 
Earnings

Balance, September 30, 2020

—  $ 

Net earnings
Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Purchases of treasury stock
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests
Cash received from share repurchase contracts

Distribution to noncontrolling interest
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax
Net change in hedges, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Balance, September 30, 2021

—  $ 

Net earnings

Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Purchases of treasury stock

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax

Net change in hedges, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments
BellRing Spin-off

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

Balance, September 30, 2022

—  $ 

Net earnings
Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Issuance of common stock

Purchases of treasury stock
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests 
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

Balance, September 30, 2023

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

66.4  $ 

0.8  $  4,182.9  $ 

— 

— 

0.7 
— 

(4.0) 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

0.1 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(28.1) 
51.2 

— 

— 
47.5 
— 
— 
— 
— 

63.1  $ 

0.9  $  4,253.5  $ 

— 

— 

0.5 
— 

(4.9) 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(14.3) 
66.5 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
442.5 

208.6 

166.7 

(28.0) 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

347.3 

756.6 

5.1 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 

58.7  $ 

0.9  $  4,748.2  $ 

1,109.0 

— 

— 

— 
— 

6.1 

(4.4) 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(29.6) 
77.2 

492.3 

— 

— 
— 
— 

301.3 

6.2 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

60.4  $ 

0.9  $  5,288.1  $ 

1,416.5 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions)

Post Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Retirement 
Benefit 
Adjustments, 
net of tax

Hedging 
Adjustments, 
net of tax

Foreign 
Currency 
Translation 
Adjustments

Treasury 
Stock

Non-
Controlling 
Interests

Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity

Balance, September 30, 2020

$ 

(4.3)  $ 

70.3  $ 

(95.3)  $ (1,508.5)  $ 

(25.5)  $ 

2,829.0 

Net earnings
Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Purchases of treasury stock
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests
Cash received from share repurchase contracts

Distribution to noncontrolling interest
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax
Net change in hedges, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
(6.6) 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
1.1 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
77.7 

— 

— 

— 
— 

(393.7) 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(0.8) 
4.6 

— 

34.2 
— 
(1.0)  $ 
— 
0.6 
(0.3) 

166.7 

(28.0) 

(28.8) 
55.8 

(393.7) 

34.2 
47.5 
(1.0) 
(6.6) 
1.7 
77.4 

Balance, September 30, 2021

$ 

(10.9)  $ 

71.4  $ 

(17.6)  $ (1,902.2)  $ 

11.8  $ 

2,754.2 

Net earnings

Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Purchases of treasury stock
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax

Net change in hedges, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments
BellRing Spin-off

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
(18.8) 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

3.4 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
(292.7) 
2.3 

— 

— 

— 
— 

(439.0) 

— 
— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

(0.9) 
2.9 

(18.1) 

12.6 
— 

1.9 
(1.2) 
2.7  $ 

756.6 

5.1 

(15.2) 
69.4 

(457.1) 

12.6 
(18.8) 

5.3 
(293.9) 
447.5 

Balance, September 30, 2022

$ 

(29.7)  $ 

74.8  $ 

(308.0)  $ (2,341.2)  $ 

11.7  $ 

3,265.7 

Net earnings
Post Holdings Partnering Corporation deemed 
dividend

Activity under stock and deferred compensation 
plans
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense

Issuance of common stock

Purchases of treasury stock
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling 
interests 
Net change in retirement benefits, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
(0.6) 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
128.4 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

(387.1) 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

(0.5) 
— 
(2.0) 

301.3 

6.2 

(29.6) 
77.2 

492.3 

(387.1) 

(0.5) 
(0.6) 
126.4 

Balance, September 30, 2023

$ 

(30.3)  $ 

74.8  $ 

(179.6)  $ (2,728.3)  $ 

9.2  $ 

3,851.3 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
POST HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
($ in millions, except per share information or where indicated otherwise)

NOTE 1 — BACKGROUND

Post  is  a  consumer  packaged  goods  holding  company  operating  in  the  center-of-the-store,  refrigerated,  foodservice  and 
food ingredient categories. The Company’s products are sold through a variety of channels, including grocery, club and drug 
stores,  mass  merchandisers,  foodservice,  food  ingredient  and  eCommerce.  As  of  September  30,  2023,  Post  operates  in  four 
reportable  segments:  Post  Consumer  Brands,  Weetabix,  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail.  The  Post  Consumer  Brands 
segment  includes  North  American  ready-to-eat  (“RTE”)  cereal,  pet  food  and  nut  butters  products;  the  Weetabix  segment 
includes primarily United Kingdom (“U.K.”) RTE cereal, muesli and protein-based shake products; the Foodservice segment 
includes primarily egg and potato products; and the Refrigerated Retail segment includes primarily side dish, egg, cheese and 
sausage products.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, all references in these financial statements and notes to “Post,” 

“the Company,” “us,” “our” or “we” mean Post Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. 

On March 10, 2022, the Company completed its distribution of 80.1% of its ownership interest in BellRing Brands, Inc. 
(formerly  known  as  BellRing  Distribution,  LLC)  (“BellRing”)  to  Post’s  shareholders  (the  “BellRing  Distribution,”  and  such 
transaction, as well as the BellRing Contribution, the BellRing Merger (as such terms are defined in Note 4), the Debt-for-Debt 
Exchange (as such term is defined in Note 16) and the related transactions described in Note 4, the “BellRing Spin-off”). The 
BellRing Spin-off represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and consolidated financial 
results. Accordingly, the historical results of BellRing Intermediate Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as BellRing Brands, Inc.) 
(“Old BellRing”) and BellRing Distribution, LLC prior to the BellRing Spin-off have been presented as discontinued operations 
in  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Consolidated  Statements  of  Cash  Flows.  The  Notes  to 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  reflect  continuing  operations  only,  unless  otherwise  indicated.  See  Note  4  for  additional 
information regarding the BellRing Spin-off and discontinued operations.

The Company completed its acquisitions of the Egg Beaters liquid egg brand (“Egg Beaters”) and the Peter Pan nut butter 
brand (“Peter Pan”) on May 27, 2021 and January 25, 2021, respectively. The year-end close date for both Egg Beaters and 
Peter Pan was September 26, 2021. As the amounts associated with the additional four days were immaterial, results of these 
entities were not adjusted to conform with Post’s fiscal calendar in fiscal 2021. 

Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported financial information to conform to the Company’s current 

period presentation.

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the operations of Post and its subsidiaries. All 

intercompany transactions have been eliminated. 

Use of Estimates and Allocations — The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in conformity with 
accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“GAAP”),  which  require  certain  elections  as  to 
accounting  policy,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities,  the  disclosure  of 
contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amount of net revenues and expenses during the 
reporting  periods.  Significant  accounting  policy  elections,  estimates  and  assumptions  include,  among  others,  allowance  for 
trade promotions, business combinations, pension and benefit plan assumptions, valuation assumptions of goodwill and other 
intangible assets and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Business  Combinations  —  The  Company  uses  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting  for  acquired  businesses.  Under  the 
acquisition method, the Company’s financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the date of 
acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of the 
acquisition. Useful lives of identified tangible and intangible assets are determined based on the expected time period in which 
the cash flows of the related assets are expected to be realized. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values 
of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Any excess of the estimated fair values of the identifiable net 
assets acquired over the purchase price is recorded as a gain on bargain purchase. 

The  Company  utilizes  various  valuation  methodologies  (and  depending  on  the  size  and  complexity  of  an  acquisition, 
assistance from third-party specialists) to estimate the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the nature of 
the  underlying  asset  or  liability.  These  methodologies  include  but  are  not  limited  to  utilizing  replacement  cost,  comparative 
sales  and  market-  and  income-based  approaches.  The  income  approach  utilizes  significant  unobservable  inputs,  including 
revenue growth rates, discount rates, attrition rates and royalty rates. These fair value measurements fall within Level 3 of the 

66

fair value hierarchy as described in Note 14. During the measurement period, up to twelve months from the date of acquisition, 
subsequent  changes  may  be  made  to  adjust  the  preliminary  amounts  recognized  at  the  acquisition  date  to  their  subsequently 
determined acquisition-date fair values.

Cash  Equivalents  —  Cash  equivalents  include  all  highly  liquid  investments  with  original  maturities  of  less  than  three 

months.

Restricted  Cash  —  Restricted  cash  includes  cash  deposits  which  serve  as  collateral  for  certain  commodity  and  energy 

hedging contracts as well as the Company’s high deductible workers’ compensation insurance program.

Receivables — Receivables are reported net of appropriate allowances for credit losses, cash discounts and other amounts 
which the Company does not ultimately expect to collect. To calculate an allowance for credit losses, the Company estimates 
uncollectible amounts based on a review of past due balances, historical loss information and expectations regarding potential 
future  losses.  A  receivable  is  considered  past  due  if  payments  have  not  been  received  within  the  agreed  upon  invoice  terms. 
Receivables are written off against the allowance when the customer files for bankruptcy protection or are otherwise deemed to 
be  uncollectible  based  upon  the  Company’s  evaluation  of  the  customer’s  solvency.  As  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the 
Company  did  not  have  off-balance  sheet  credit  exposure  related  to  its  customers.  The  Weetabix  segment  sells  certain 
receivables to a third-party institution without recourse. Receivables sold during the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 
were $92.5 and $111.7, respectively. See Note 6 for information regarding the Company’s monthly settlement of receivables 
and payables with a third party in connection with its fiscal 2023 acquisition.

Inventories — Inventories, other than flocks, are generally valued at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out 
basis)  or  net  realizable  value.  Reported  amounts  have  been  reduced  by  an  allowance  for  excess  and  obsolete  product  and 
packaging materials based on a review of inventories on hand compared to estimated future usage and sales. Flock inventory 
represents the cost of purchasing and raising chicken flocks to egg laying maturity. The costs included in our flock inventory 
include the costs of the chicks, the feed fed to the birds and the labor and overhead costs incurred to operate the pullet facilities 
until the birds are transferred into the laying facilities, at which time their cost is amortized to operations, as cost of goods sold, 
over their expected useful lives of one to two years.

Restructuring Expenses — Restructuring charges and related charges principally consist of one-time termination benefits, 
severance,  contract  termination  benefits,  accelerated  stock  compensation  and  other  employee  separation  costs.  The  Company 
recognizes  restructuring  obligations  and  liabilities  for  exit  and  disposal  activities  at  fair  value  in  the  period  the  liability  is 
incurred.  Employee  severance  costs  are  expensed  when  they  become  probable  and  reasonably  estimable  under  established 
severance plans.

Property — Property is recorded at cost, and depreciation expense is generally provided on a straight-line basis over the 
estimated  useful  lives  of  the  properties.  Estimated  useful  lives  range  from  1  to  30  years  for  machinery  and  equipment;  1  to 
35 years for buildings, building improvements and leasehold improvements; and 1 to 7 years for software. Total depreciation 
expense was $245.3, $232.9 and $222.2 in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Any gains and losses incurred on the sale 
or  disposal  of  assets  are  included  in  “Other  operating  expense  (income),  net”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations. 
Ordinary repair and maintenance costs are accounted for under the direct expensing method. Property consisted of: 

September 30,

2023

2022

Land and land improvements
Buildings and leasehold improvements
Machinery and equipment
Software
Construction in progress

Accumulated depreciation

$ 

109.9  $ 

92.2 
932.7 
1,951.1 
110.6 
182.7 
3,269.3 
(1,517.4) 
$  2,021.4  $  1,751.9 

1,042.9 
2,312.2 
113.3 
191.1 
3,769.4 
(1,748.0) 

Goodwill — Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair market value of 
their identifiable net assets and represents the value the Company expects to achieve through the implementation of operational 
synergies, the expansion of the business into new or growing segments of the industry and the addition of new employees. The 
Company  conducts  a  goodwill  impairment  assessment  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year  following  the  annual 
forecasting  process,  or  more  frequently  if  facts  and  circumstances  indicate  that  goodwill  may  be  impaired.  The  goodwill 
impairment assessment performed may be either qualitative or quantitative; however, if adverse qualitative trends are identified 
that could negatively impact the fair value of the business, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. In fiscal 2023, 
2022 and 2021, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test for all reporting units. 

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company has six reporting units, which have been identified at either the operating segment level, or in the case of 
certain reporting units, at a level below the operating segment. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit is determined 
using a combined income and market approach with a greater weighting on the income approach. The income approach is based 
on  discounted  future  cash  flows  and  requires  significant  assumptions,  including  estimates  regarding  future  revenue, 
profitability,  capital  requirements  and  discount  rates.  The  market  approach  is  based  on  a  market  multiple  (revenue  and 
EBITDA)  and  requires  an  estimate  of  appropriate  multiples  based  on  market  data  for  comparable  peers.  These  fair  value 
measurements fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as described in Note 14.

See  Note  8  for  additional  information  on  goodwill  and  the  annual  goodwill  impairment  assessments  for  the  years  ended 

September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Other  Intangible  Assets  —  Other  intangible  assets  consist  primarily  of  customer  relationships,  trademarks,  brands  and 
licensing  agreements  acquired  in  business  combinations  and  include  both  indefinite  and  definite-lived  assets.  Amortization 
expense related to definite-lived intangible assets, which is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 
the assets, was $160.7, $146.0 and $143.2 in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the definite-lived intangible assets 
recorded as of September 30, 2023, amortization expense of $179.9, $178.7, $178.7, $178.7 and $173.5 is expected for fiscal 
2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. Other intangible assets consisted of: 

Subject to amortization:

Customer relationships
Trademarks, brands and licensing 
agreements

Not subject to amortization:
Trademarks and brands

September 30, 2023
Accum.
Amort.

Carrying
Amount

Net
Amount

September 30, 2022
Accum.
Amort.

Carrying
Amount

Net
Amount

$  2,535.5  $ 

(940.7)  $  1,594.8 

$  2,129.7  $ 

(816.4)  $  1,313.3 

885.8 
3,421.3 

(301.3) 
(1,242.0) 

584.5 
2,179.3 

647.7 
2,777.4 

(260.4) 
(1,076.8) 

387.3 
1,700.6 

1,033.1 

1,033.1 
$  4,454.4  $  (1,242.0)  $  3,212.4 

— 

1,011.6 

1,011.6 
$  3,789.0  $  (1,076.8)  $  2,712.2 

— 

Recoverability  of  Assets  —  The  Company  continually  evaluates  whether  events  or  circumstances  have  occurred  which 
might impair the recoverability of the carrying value of its assets, including property, identifiable intangibles and right-of-use 
(“ROU”) assets. 

Trademarks  and  brands  with  indefinite  lives  are  reviewed  for  impairment  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year 
following the annual forecasting process, or more frequently if facts and circumstances indicate the trademark or brand may be 
impaired.  The  trademark  and  brand  impairment  test  performed  may  either  be  qualitative  or  quantitative;  however,  if  adverse 
qualitative trends are identified that could negatively impact the fair value of the trademark or brand, a quantitative impairment 
test is performed. In fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test.

The  quantitative  trademark  and  brand  impairment  tests  require  the  Company  to  compare  the  calculated  fair  value  of  the 
trademark or brand to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is 
recognized  in  an  amount  equal  to  that  excess.  The  fair  value  is  determined  using  an  income-based  approach,  which  requires 
significant assumptions for each brand, including estimates regarding future revenue growth, discount rates and royalty rates. 
Assumptions are determined after consideration of several factors for each brand, including profit levels, research of external 
royalty rates by third-party experts and the relative importance of each brand to the Company. Revenue growth assumptions are 
based on historical trends and management’s expectations for future growth by brand. The discount rate is based on a weighted-
average cost of capital utilizing industry market data of similar companies.

In  fiscal  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  performed  a  quantitative  impairment  test  for  all  indefinite-lived  intangible 
assets  and  concluded  for  each  year  there  were  no  impairments.  The  estimated  fair  value  of  all  indefinite-lived  trademarks 
exceeded  book  value  by  11%  or  greater,  23%  or  greater  and  22%  or  greater  at  September  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively.	These fair value measurements fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as described in Note 14.

 In addition, definite-lived assets (groups) are tested for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that  the  carrying  value  of  an  asset  (group)  may  not  be  recoverable  or  the  estimated  useful  life  is  no  longer  appropriate.  The 
Company  groups  assets  at  the  lowest  level  for  which  cash  flows  are  separately  identifiable.  In  general,  an  asset  (group)  is 
deemed  impaired  and  written  down  to  its  fair  value  if  the  estimated  related  undiscounted  future  cash  flows  are  less  than  its 
carrying amount. There were no impairments recorded on the Company’s definite-lived assets (groups) in fiscal 2023, 2022 or 
2021.

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software  Implementation  Costs  —  For  hosting  arrangements  that  are  service  contracts,  the  Company  capitalizes  certain 
implementation costs incurred during the development stage of the related project. Capitalized software implementation costs 
are expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the hosting service arrangement, beginning when the software is ready for 
its  intended  use.  Total  capitalized  software  implementation  costs  for  hosting  service  arrangements  are  recorded  in  “Prepaid 
expenses  and  other  current  assets”  and  “Other  assets”  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  and  were  $20.4  and  $7.6  as  of 
September  30,  2023  and  2022,  respectively.  There  were  no  material  capitalized  software  implementation  costs  expensed  in 
fiscal 2023, 2022 or 2021.

Deferred Compensation Investments — The Company funds a portion of its deferred compensation liability by investing in 
certain  mutual  funds  in  substantially  the  same  amounts  as  selected  by  the  participating  employees.  Because  management’s 
intent is to invest in a manner that matches the deferral options chosen by the participants and those participants can elect to 
transfer amounts into or out of each of the designated deferral options at any time, these investments are stated at fair value in 
“Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 14). Both realized 
and unrealized gains and losses on these assets are generally included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations and offset the related change in the deferred compensation liability.

Derivative Financial Instruments — In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to commodity price risks 
relating  to  the  purchases  of  raw  materials  and  supplies,  interest  rate  risks  and  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  risks.  The 
Company  utilizes  derivative  financial  instruments,  including  (but  not  limited  to)  futures  contracts,  option  contracts,  forward 
contracts and swaps, to manage certain of these exposures by hedging when it is practical to do so. The Company does not hold 
or issue financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

The  Company’s  derivative  programs  may  include  strategies  that  qualify  and  strategies  that  do  not  qualify  for  hedge 
accounting  treatment.  To  qualify  for  hedge  accounting,  the  hedging  relationship,  both  at  inception  of  the  hedge  and  on  an 
ongoing basis, is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged risk during the 
period that the hedge is designated. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives that qualify 
for  hedge  accounting,  the  derivative  is  designated  as  a  hedge  on  the  date  in  which  the  derivative  contract  is  entered.  A 
derivative could be designated as a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid 
related  to  a  recognized  asset  or  liability  (cash  flow  hedge)  or  a  hedge  of  a  net  investment  in  a  foreign  operation.  Some 
derivatives may also be considered natural hedging instruments, where changes in their fair value act as economic offsets to 
changes in fair value of the underlying hedged item and are not designated for hedge accounting.

Gains  and  losses  on  derivatives  designated  as  cash  flow  hedges  are  recorded  in  other  comprehensive  income  or  loss 
(“OCI”) and are reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Operations in conjunction with the recognition of the underlying 
hedged item. If a derivative is designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, its changes in fair value are 
recorded in OCI and subsequently recognized in earnings when the foreign operation is liquidated. Changes in the fair value of 
derivatives  that  are  not  designated  for  hedge  accounting  are  recognized  immediately  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations.  The  Company  does  not  have  any  derivatives  currently  designated  as  hedging  instruments  under  Accounting 
Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”

Cash  flows  associated  with  all  derivatives  are  reported  as  cash  flows  from  operating  activities  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Cash Flows, unless the derivative contains an other-than-insignificant financing element, in which case its cash 
flows are reported as cash flows from financing activities.

Leases  —  The  Company  leases  office  space,  certain  warehouses  and  equipment  primarily  through  operating  lease 
agreements. The Company has no material finance lease agreements. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at 
its inception. When the arrangements include lease and non-lease components, the Company accounts for them as a single lease 
component. Leases with an initial term of less than 12 months are not reported on the balance sheet, but rather are recognized as 
lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Arrangements may include options to extend or terminate the lease 
arrangement.  These  options  are  included  in  the  lease  term  used  to  establish  ROU  assets  and  lease  liabilities  when  it  is 
reasonably certain they will be exercised. The Company will reassess expected lease terms based on changes in circumstances 
that indicate options may be more or less likely to be exercised.

The  Company  has  certain  lease  arrangements  that  include  variable  rental  payments.  The  future  variability  of  these 
payments and adjustments are unknown and therefore are not included in minimum rental payments used to determine ROU 
assets and lease liabilities. The Company has lease arrangements where it makes separate payments to the lessor based on the 
lessor’s common area maintenance expenses, property and casualty insurance costs, property taxes assessed on the property and 
other variable expenses. As the Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components, 
these  variable  amounts  are  captured  in  operating  lease  expense  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  incurred.  Variable  rental 
payments are recognized in the period in which their associated obligation is incurred. 

69

For lease arrangements that do not provide an implicit interest rate, an incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) is applied in 
determining the present value of future payments. The Company’s IBR is selected based upon information available at the lease 
commencement date. 

ROU  assets  are  recorded  as  “Other  assets”  and  lease  liabilities  are  recorded  as  “Other  current  liabilities”  and  “Other 
liabilities”  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  Operating  lease  expense  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  lease 
term  and  is  included  in  either  “Cost  of  goods  sold”  or  “Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses”  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Operations.  Costs  associated  with  finance  leases  do  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Company’s  financial 
statements.

Revenue — The Company recognizes revenue when performance obligations have been satisfied by transferring control of 
the goods to customers. Control is generally transferred upon delivery of the goods to the customer. At the time of delivery, the 
customer is invoiced using previously agreed-upon credit terms. Shipping and/or handling costs that occur before the customer 
obtains  control  of  the  goods  are  deemed  fulfillment  activities  and  are  accounted  for  as  fulfillment  costs.  The  Company’s 
contracts with customers generally contain one performance obligation. 

Many of the Company’s contracts with customers include some form of variable consideration. The most common forms 
of variable consideration are trade promotions, rebates and discounts. Variable consideration is treated as a reduction of revenue 
at the time product revenue is recognized. Depending on the nature of the variable consideration, the Company uses either the 
“expected value” or the “most likely amount” method to determine variable consideration. The Company does not believe that 
there will be significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration when any uncertainties are resolved with customers. 
The  Company  reviews  and  updates  estimates  of  variable  consideration  quarterly.  Uncertainties  related  to  the  estimates  of 
variable consideration are resolved in a short time frame and do not require any additional constraint on variable consideration. 

The  Company’s  products  are  sold  with  no  right  of  return,  except  in  the  case  of  goods  which  do  not  meet  product 
specifications or are damaged. No services beyond this assurance-type warranty are provided to customers. Customer remedies 
include  either  a  cash  refund  or  an  exchange  of  the  product.  As  a  result,  the  right  of  return  and  related  refund  liability  is 
estimated and recorded as a reduction of revenue based on historical sales return experience. 

Cost of Goods Sold — Cost of goods sold includes, among other things, inbound and outbound freight costs (including for 
the Company-owned fleets) and depreciation expense related to assets used in production, while storage and other warehousing 
costs are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Storage and 
other warehousing costs totaled $263.2, $204.0 and $167.7 in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Advertising  —  Advertising  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred  except  for  costs  of  producing  media  advertising,  such  as 
television commercials or magazine or online advertisements, which are deferred until the first time the advertising takes place 
and amortized to the statement of operations over the time the advertising takes place. The amounts reported as assets on the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” were $1.3 and $1.4 as of September 30, 2023 and 
2022, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation — The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of 
equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of the equity or liability award. For liability awards, the fair market value 
is remeasured at each quarterly reporting period. The cost for equity and liability awards is recognized ratably over the period 
during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award — the requisite service period (usually the 
vesting period). Any forfeitures of stock-based awards are recorded as they occur. 

Income Taxes — Income tax expense is estimated based on income taxes in each jurisdiction and includes the effects of 
both  current  tax  exposures  and  the  temporary  differences  resulting  from  differing  treatment  of  items  for  tax  and  financial 
reporting purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established 
against the related deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the future benefits will not be realized. 
Reserves are recorded for estimated exposures associated with the Company’s tax filing positions, which are subject to periodic 
audits by governmental taxing authorities. Interest incurred due to an underpayment of income taxes is classified as income tax 
expense. The Company considers the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be permanently invested, so no United 
States (“U.S.”) taxes have been recorded in relation to the Company’s investment in its foreign subsidiaries.

Earnings  per  Share  —  The  Company  has  presented  basic  and  diluted  earnings  per  share  for  both  continuing  and 
discontinued  operations.  Basic  earnings  per  share  is  based  on  the  average  number  of  shares  of  common  stock  outstanding 
during  the  year.  Diluted  earnings  per  share  is  based  on  the  average  number  of  shares  used  for  the  basic  earnings  per  share 
calculation,  adjusted  for  the  dilutive  effect  of  stock  options,  stock  appreciation  rights  and  restricted  stock  units  using  the 
“treasury stock” method and convertible senior notes using the “if-converted” method. 

Remeasurements to the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest (“NCI”) (see Note 5) were recognized 
as a deemed dividend. The Company made an election to treat the portion of the deemed dividend that exceeded fair value as an 
adjustment to income available to common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings from continuing operations per share. In 

70

addition,  dilutive  net  earnings  from  continuing  operations  was  adjusted  for  interest  expense,  net  of  tax,  related  to  the 
Company’s convertible senior notes, and dilutive net earnings from discontinued operations was adjusted for the Company’s 
share of Old BellRing’s consolidated net earnings prior to the BellRing Spin-off, to the extent it was dilutive. Net earnings from 
continuing  operations  was  utilized  as  the  “control  number”  to  determine  whether  potential  shares  of  common  stock  were 
dilutive or anti-dilutive.

NOTE 3 — RECENTLY ISSUED AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The  Company  has  considered  all  new  accounting  pronouncements  and  has  concluded  there  are  no  new  pronouncements 
that  had  or  will  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Company’s  results  of  operations,  comprehensive  income,  financial  condition, 
cash flows, shareholders’ equity or related disclosures based on current information.

NOTE 4 — BELLRING SPIN-OFF AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

BellRing Spin-off

On March 9, 2022, pursuant to the Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 26, 2021 (as amended 
by  Amendment  No.  1  to  the  Transaction  Agreement  and  Plan  of  Merger,  dated  as  of  February  28,  2022,  the  “Spin-off 
Agreement”), by and among Post, Old BellRing, BellRing and BellRing Merger Sub Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary 
of BellRing (“BellRing Merger Sub”), Post contributed its share of Old BellRing Class B common stock, $0.01 par value per 
share,  all  of  its  BellRing  Brands,  LLC  non-voting  membership  units  and  $550.4  of  cash  to  BellRing  in  exchange  for  certain 
limited  liability  company  interests  of  BellRing  and  the  right  to  receive  $840.0  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  BellRing’s 
7.00% senior notes maturing in 2030 (the “BellRing Notes,” and such transactions, collectively, the “BellRing Contribution”).

On March 10, 2022, BellRing converted into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “BellRing Brands, Inc.”, and 
Post  consummated  the  BellRing  Distribution,  distributing  an  aggregate  of  78.1  million,  or  80.1%,  of  its  shares  of  BellRing 
common  stock,  $0.01  par  value  per  share  (“BellRing  Common  Stock”),  to  Post  shareholders  of  record  as  of  the  close  of 
business,  Central  Time,  on  February  25,  2022  (the  “Record  Date”)  in  a  pro-rata  distribution.  Post  shareholders  received 
1.267788  shares  of  BellRing  Common  Stock  for  every  one  share  of  Post  common  stock  held  as  of  the  Record  Date.  No 
fractional shares of BellRing Common Stock were issued, and instead, cash in lieu of any fractional shares was paid to Post 
shareholders.

Upon completion of the BellRing Distribution, BellRing Merger Sub merged with and into Old BellRing (the “BellRing 

Merger”), with Old BellRing continuing as the surviving corporation and becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of BellRing. 

The Company’s equity interest in BellRing subsequent to the BellRing Spin-off (its “Investment in BellRing”) was 14.2% 
immediately  following  the  BellRing  Spin-off.  As  a  result  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off,  the  dual  class  voting  structure  in  the 
BellRing  business  was  eliminated.  The  BellRing  Distribution  was  structured  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  a  tax-free 
distribution  to  Post  shareholders  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes,  except  to  the  extent  of  any  cash  received  in  lieu  of 
fractional shares of BellRing Common Stock.

The  Company  incurred  separation-related  expenses  related  to  the  BellRing  Spin-off  and  subsequent  divestment  of  its 
Investment  in  BellRing  (see  Note  5)  of  $0.1,  $29.9  and  $1.6  during  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively,  which  were  included  in  “Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations. These expenses generally included third-party costs for advisory services, fees charged by other service providers 
and government filing fees.

On March 17, 2022, the Company utilized proceeds received in connection with the BellRing Spin-off to redeem a portion 

of Post’s existing 5.75% senior notes (see Note 16).

The following is a summary of BellRing’s net assets as of March 10, 2022.

Total Assets

Less: Total Liabilities

BellRing Net Assets

$ 

$ 

633.0 

1,064.6 

(431.6) 

As  a  result  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off,  the  Company  recorded  a  $442.5  adjustment  to  additional  paid-in  capital,  which 
included  BellRing  net  assets  of  $(431.6).  The  BellRing  Spin-off  also  resulted  in  a  reduction  of  accumulated  OCI  associated 
with BellRing’s foreign currency translation adjustments. The total adjustment to accumulated OCI was $2.3. 

The  Company’s  Investment  in  BellRing  immediately  following  the  BellRing  Spin-off  did  not  represent  a  controlling 
interest  in  BellRing.  As  such,  the  Company’s  remaining  proportionate  share  of  BellRing’s  net  assets  was  recorded  at  a  zero 
carrying value on March 10, 2022, as the BellRing net assets were negative. See Note 14 for additional information regarding 

71

 
the Company’s subsequent remeasurement of its Investment in BellRing to fair value for the periods subsequent to the BellRing 
Spin-off.

Discontinued Operations

The BellRing Spin-off represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and consolidated 
financial results. Accordingly, the historical results of Old BellRing and BellRing Distribution, LLC prior to the BellRing Spin-
off have been presented as discontinued operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated 
Statements of Cash Flows.

The following table presents the components of net earnings from discontinued operations. The year ended September 30, 

2022 represents the period ending March 10, 2022, the completion date of the BellRing Spin-off.

Net Sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross Profit
Selling, general and administrative expenses 
Amortization of intangible assets
Other operating income, net
Operating Profit
Interest expense, net 
Loss on extinguishment and refinancing of debt, net
Earnings from Discontinued Operations before Income Taxes
Income tax expense
Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations, Including Noncontrolling Interest
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest from discontinued operations
Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations, net of tax and noncontrolling interest

$ 

$ 

Year Ended September 30,

2022

2021

541.9  $ 
390.3 
151.6 
68.5 
8.7 
— 
74.4 
13.1 
17.6 
43.7 
10.3 
33.4 
11.8 
21.6  $ 

1,246.0 
859.8 
386.2 
167.1 
51.2 
(0.1) 
168.0 
43.2 
1.6 
123.2 
28.4 
94.8 
33.0 
61.8 

NOTE 5 — NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS, EQUITY INTERESTS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Post Holdings Partnering Corporation

In May and June 2021, the Company and Post Holdings Partnering Corporation (“PHPC”), a special purpose acquisition 
company, consummated the initial public offering of 34.5 million units of PHPC (the “PHPC Units,” and such transaction, the 
“PHPC  IPO”),  of  which  a  wholly-owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company  (“PHPC  Sponsor”)  purchased  4.0  million  PHPC  Units. 
Each PHPC Unit consisted of one share of Series A common stock of PHPC (“PHPC Series A Common Stock”) and one-third 
of one redeemable warrant to purchase one share of PHPC Series A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the 
“PHPC  Warrants”).  The  PHPC  Units  were  sold  at  a  price  of  $10.00  per  PHPC  Unit,  generating  gross  proceeds  to  PHPC  of 
$345.0. The PHPC Units, PHPC Series A Common Stock and PHPC Warrants each traded on the New York Stock Exchange 
(the “NYSE”) under the ticker symbols “PSPC.U”, “PSPC” and “PSPC WS”, respectively. Under the terms of the PHPC IPO, 
PHPC was required to consummate a partnering transaction by May 28, 2023, which could have been extended to August 28, 
2023 in certain circumstances (the “Combination Period”).

Substantially  concurrently  with  the  closing  of  the  PHPC  IPO,  PHPC  completed  the  private  sale  of  1.1  million  units  of 
PHPC  (the  “PHPC  Private  Placement  Units”),  at  a  purchase  price  of  $10.00  per  PHPC  Private  Placement  Unit,  to  PHPC 
Sponsor, generating proceeds to PHPC of $10.9 (the “PHPC Private Placement”). The PHPC Private Placement Units sold in 
the PHPC Private Placement were identical to the PHPC Units sold in the PHPC IPO, except that, with respect to the warrants 
underlying the PHPC Private Placement Units (the “PHPC Private Placement Warrants”) that were held by PHPC Sponsor or 
its permitted transferees, such PHPC Private Placement Warrants (i) could have been exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, 
(ii)  were  not  subject  to  being  called  for  redemption  (except  in  certain  circumstances  if  the  PHPC  Warrants  were  called  for 
redemption  and  a  certain  price  per  share  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock  threshold  was  met)  and  (iii)  subject  to  certain 
limited  exceptions,  would  have  been  subject  to  transfer  restrictions  until  30  days  following  the  consummation  of  PHPC’s 
partnering transaction. If the PHPC Private Placement Warrants were held by holders other than PHPC Sponsor or its permitted 
transferees,  the  PHPC  Private  Placement  Warrants  would  have  been  redeemable  by  PHPC  in  all  redemption  scenarios  and 
exercisable by holders on the same basis as the PHPC Warrants.

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition, the Company, through PHPC Sponsor’s ownership of 8.6 million shares of Series F common stock of PHPC 
(the “PHPC Series F Common Stock”), had certain governance rights in PHPC relating to the election of PHPC directors and 
voting rights on amendments to PHPC’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

In connection with the completion of the PHPC IPO, PHPC also entered into a forward purchase agreement with PHPC 
Sponsor (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”), which provided for the purchase by PHPC Sponsor, at the election of PHPC, of 
up to 10.0 million units of PHPC (the “PHPC Forward Purchase Units”), subject to the terms and conditions of the Forward 
Purchase Agreement, with each PHPC Forward Purchase Unit consisting of one share of PHPC’s Series B common stock and 
one-third of one warrant to purchase one share of PHPC Series A Common Stock, for a purchase price of $10.00 per PHPC 
Forward Purchase Unit, in an aggregate amount of up to $100.0 in a private placement to occur concurrently with the closing of 
PHPC’s partnering transaction.

In determining the accounting treatment of the Company’s equity interest in PHPC, management concluded that PHPC was 
a variable interest entity (“VIE”) as defined by ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation.” A VIE is an entity in which equity investors at 
risk lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, the party who 
has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, as well as 
the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to 
the VIE. PHPC Sponsor was the primary beneficiary of PHPC as it had, through its equity interest, the right to receive benefits 
or  the  obligation  to  absorb  losses  from  PHPC,  as  well  as  the  power  to  direct  a  majority  of  the  activities  that  significantly 
impacted  PHPC’s  economic  performance,  including  partnering  transaction  target  identification.  As  such,  PHPC  was  fully 
consolidated into the Company’s financial statements until the time of its dissolution, as discussed below. 

Proceeds  of  $345.0  were  deposited  in  a  trust  account  established  for  the  benefit  of  PHPC’s  public  stockholders,  which 
consisted of certain proceeds from the PHPC IPO and certain proceeds from the PHPC Private Placement, net of underwriters’ 
discounts  and  commissions  and  other  costs  and  expenses.  A  minimum  balance  of  $345.0,  which  represented  the  number  of 
PHPC Units sold at the offering price of $10.00 per PHPC Unit, was required by the underwriting agreement to be maintained 
in the trust account. These proceeds were invested only in U.S. treasury securities. At September 30, 2022, there was $346.8 
held in the trust account, which was included in “Investments held in trust” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The public stockholders’ ownership of PHPC equity represented a NCI to the Company, which was classified outside of 
permanent shareholders’ equity as the PHPC Series A Common Stock was redeemable at the option of the public stockholders 
in certain circumstances. The carrying amount of the redeemable NCI was equal to the greater of (i) the initial carrying amount, 
increased  or  decreased  for  the  redeemable  NCI’s  share  of  PHPC’s  net  earnings  or  loss,  OCI  and  distributions  or  (ii)  the 
redemption  value.  The  redemption  value  represented  the  amount  the  public  stockholders  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock 
would be entitled in certain circumstances to redeem their shares of PHPC Series A Common Stock for, which was a pro-rata 
portion of the amount in the trust account at $10.00 per share of PHPC Series A Common Stock held, plus any pro-rata interest 
earned on  the funds held in the trust account (which interest was net of taxes payable, and less  up to $0.1 of interest to pay 
dissolution expenses). As of September 30, 2022, the carrying amount of the redeemable NCI was recorded at its redemption 
value  of  $306.6  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  Remeasurements  to  the  redemption  value  of  the  redeemable  NCI  were 
recognized as a deemed dividend and were recorded to “Retained earnings” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In connection with the PHPC IPO, PHPC incurred offering costs of $17.9, of which $16.9 was recorded to the redeemable 
NCI and $1.0 was reported in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for 
the year ended September 30, 2021. Of the $17.9 offering costs incurred, $10.7 were deferred underwriting commissions that 
would  have  become  payable  to  the  underwriters  solely  in  the  event  that  PHPC  completed  a  partnering  transaction  and  were 
included in “Other current liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2022. 

As of September 30, 2022 and prior to the PHPC Redemption (as defined below), the Company beneficially owned 31.0% 
of  the  equity  of  PHPC  and  the  net  earnings  and  net  assets  of  PHPC  were  consolidated  within  the  Company’s  financial 
statements. The remaining 69.0% of the consolidated net earnings and net assets of PHPC, which represented the percentage of 
economic interest in PHPC held by the public stockholders of PHPC through their ownership of PHPC equity, were allocated to 
redeemable NCI. All transactions between PHPC and PHPC Sponsor, as well as related financial statement impacts, eliminated 
in consolidation. 

On May 11, 2023, PHPC announced that it would not complete a partnering transaction within the Combination Period and 
that  the  entity  would  liquidate  and  dissolve  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  its  amended  and  restated  certificate  of 
incorporation.  Subsequent  to  the  decision  to  liquidate  and  dissolve,  PHPC  completed  certain  winding-up  activities,  which 
included writing-off the deferred underwriting commissions as the underwriters agreed to waive their rights to these amounts 
should  a  partnering  transaction  not  occur.  The  Company  recorded  a  $10.7  gain  in  connection  with  this  write-off,  which  was 
recorded in “Other income, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the year ended September 30, 2023. 

73

On  May  28,  2023,  the  PHPC  Warrants  and  the  PHPC  Private  Placement  Warrants  expired  worthless  and  the  Forward 
Purchase Agreement terminated in accordance with its terms, as PHPC had not completed a partnering transaction before the 
expiration of the Combination Period.

On  May  30,  2023,  PHPC  redeemed  all  of  the  outstanding  public  shares  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock  (the  “PHPC 
Redemption”). Each share of PHPC Series A Common Stock was redeemed for approximately $10.24 per share, representing 
the  per  share  price  equal  to  the  aggregate  amount  then  on  deposit  in  the  trust  account,  including  interest  earned  on  the  trust 
account not previously released to pay taxes or dissolution expenses, divided by the number of then outstanding shares of PHPC 
Series A Common Stock. In connection with the PHPC Redemption: 

•

•

$353.4 of funds held in the trust account immediately prior to the PHPC Redemption were distributed to redeem all of 
the  outstanding  shares  of  PHPC  Series  A  Common  Stock,  which  reduced  “Investments  held  in  trust”  on  the 
Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  to  zero  as  of  September  30,  2023.  The  Company  received  $40.9  from  the  PHPC 
Redemption related to its ownership of 4.0 million shares of PHPC Series A Common Stock; and 

redeemable  NCI  of  $312.5  immediately  prior  to  the  PHPC  Redemption  was  reduced  to  zero  on  the  Consolidated 
Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023.

Subsequent to the PHPC Redemption, PHPC delisted from the NYSE and dissolved in June 2023, and all classes of shares 
of PHPC equity were cancelled, including the PHPC Private Placement Units and the shares of the PHPC Series F Common 
Stock, which were surrendered by PHPC Sponsor for no consideration. PHPC Sponsor subsequently dissolved in August 2023.

The following table summarizes the effects of changes in the Company’s redeemable NCI on the Company’s equity. The 
year ended September 30, 2021 represents the period that began May 28, 2021, the effective date of the PHPC IPO, and ended 
September  30,  2021.  The  year  ended  September  30,  2023  represents  the  period  ended  May  30,  2023,  as  the  Company’s 
redeemable NCI was reduced to zero upon completion of the PHPC Redemption.

PHPC IPO offering costs

Initial valuation of PHPC Warrants

Net earnings attributable to redeemable NCI

Redemption value adjustment

PHPC deemed dividend

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

12.1 

(5.9) 

— 

6.7 

(1.6) 

(16.9) 

(16.9) 

5.8 

— 

$ 

6.2  $ 

5.1  $ 

(28.0) 

The following table summarizes the changes to the Company’s redeemable NCI. The period as of and for the year ended 
September 30, 2021 represents the period that began May 28, 2021, the effective date of the PHPC IPO, and ended September 
30,  2021.  The  period  as  of  and  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023  represents  the  period  ended  May  30,  2023,  as  the 
Company’s redeemable NCI was reduced to zero upon completion of the PHPC Redemption.

As of and for the Year Ended September 30,
2022

2023

2021

Balance, beginning of year

Impact of PHPC IPO (a)

Net earnings attributable to redeemable NCI

PHPC deemed dividend

Redemption of PHPC Series A Common Stock

$ 

306.6  $ 

305.0  $ 

— 

12.1 

(6.2) 

(312.5) 

— 

6.7 

(5.1) 

— 

— 

271.2 

5.8 

28.0 

— 

Balance, end of year

$ 

—  $ 

306.6  $ 

305.0 

(a) For the year ended September 30, 2021, the impact of the PHPC IPO included the value of PHPC Units owned by public stockholders of 

$305.0 less offering costs of $16.9 and the initial valuation of PHPC Warrants of $16.9.

8th Avenue

The  Company  has  a  60.5%  common  equity  interest  in  8th  Avenue  Food  &  Provisions,  Inc.  (“8th  Avenue”)  that  is 
accounted for using the equity method. In determining the accounting treatment of the common equity interest, management 
concluded  that  8th  Avenue  was  not  a  VIE  as  defined  by  ASC  Topic  810,  and  as  such,  8th  Avenue  was  evaluated  under  the 
voting interest model. Based on the terms of 8th Avenue’s governing documents, management determined that the Company 
does not have a controlling voting interest in 8th Avenue due to substantive participating rights held by third parties associated 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
with  the  governance  of  8th  Avenue.  However,  the  Company  does  retain  significant  influence,  and  therefore,  the  use  of  the 
equity method of accounting is required.

During the year ended September 30, 2022, 8th Avenue’s equity method loss attributable to Post exceeded the Company’s 
remaining investment in 8th Avenue. In accordance with ASC Topic 323, “Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures,” 
the Company did not recognize equity method losses in excess of its remaining investment in 8th Avenue, which was $66.6 as 
of September 30, 2021, and discontinued applying the equity method to the investment. As such, the Company’s investment in 
8th  Avenue  was  zero  at  both  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  and  there  was  no  equity  method  gain  (loss)  attributable  to  8th 
Avenue recognized during the year ended September 30, 2023. The following table presents the calculation of the Company’s 
equity method loss attributable to 8th Avenue for the year ended September 30, 2021. 

Net loss attributable to 8th Avenue common shareholders

Equity method loss attributable to Post

Less: Amortization of basis difference, net of tax (a)

Equity method loss, net of tax

$ 

$ 

$ 

(60.6) 

 60.5 %
(36.7) 

6.8 
(43.5) 

(a) The Company adjusted the historical basis of 8th Avenue’s assets and liabilities to fair value and recognized a basis difference of $70.3 
upon the initial recording of its equity method investment in 8th Avenue. The basis difference related to property, plant and equipment 
and other intangible assets was initially amortized over the weighted-average useful lives of the assets. During the year ended September 
30,  2022,  the  carrying  value  of  the  Company’s  investment  in  8th  Avenue  was  reduced  to  zero,  resulting  in  the  termination  of  basis 
difference amortization in accordance with ASC Topic 323. 

The following table presents summarized financial information of 8th Avenue prior to the discontinuance of applying the 

equity method to the investment. 

Net sales 

Gross profit

Net loss

Less: Preferred stock dividend

Net loss attributable to 8th Avenue common shareholders

Year Ended September 30,

2022

2021

1,089.0  $ 

159.9  $ 

900.8 

132.3 

(210.9)  $ 

40.4 

(251.3)  $ 

(24.3) 

36.3 

(60.6) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The Company provides services to 8th Avenue under a master services agreement (the “MSA”), as well as certain advisory 
services  for  a  fee.  During  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  the  Company  recorded  MSA  and  advisory 
income  of  $3.1,  $3.2  and  $3.5,  respectively,  which  were  recorded  in  “Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses”  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net sales to 8th Avenue of $8.0, $8.1 and 
$6.7,  respectively,  and  purchases  from  and  royalties  paid  to  8th  Avenue  of  $83.9,  $102.9  and  $54.1  respectively.  Sales  and 
purchases between the Company and 8th Avenue were all made at arm’s-length. 

The  Company  had  current  receivables  and  current  payables  with  8th  Avenue  of  $3.9  and  $13.3,  respectively,  at 
September  30,  2023,  and  $4.4  and  $26.1,  respectively,  at  September  30,  2022.  The  current  receivables  and  current  payables 
were included in “Receivables, net” and “Accounts payable,” respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and related to 
MSA fees, pass-through charges owed by 8th Avenue to the Company and related party sales and purchases. In addition, the 
Company  has  a  long-term  receivable  and  a  long-term  liability  with  8th  Avenue  of  $12.9  and  $0.7,  respectively,  at 
September 30, 2023 and zero and $0.7, respectively, at September 30, 2022, which were included in “Other assets” and “Other 
liabilities,” respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and related to tax indemnifications.

Investment in BellRing

Immediately  following  the  BellRing  Spin-off,  the  Company’s  Investment  in  BellRing  represented  19.4  million  shares  of 
BellRing Common Stock, or a 14.2% equity interest in BellRing, which did not represent a controlling interest in BellRing and 
was accounted for as an equity security. 

On  August  11,  2022,  the  Company  transferred  14.8  million  shares  of  its  Investment  in  BellRing  to  repay  certain 
outstanding debt obligations as part of the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange (as defined in Note 16). See Note 16 for additional 
information regarding the First Debt-for-Equity Exchange. As a result, the Company’s remaining Investment in BellRing as of 

75

 
 
 
September 30, 2022 represented 4.6 million shares of BellRing Common Stock, or 3.4% of the outstanding equity of BellRing. 
As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s Investment in BellRing was recorded at its fair value of $94.8 and was included in 
“Investment in BellRing” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 14). 

On November 25, 2022, the Company transferred the remaining 4.6 million shares of its Investment in BellRing to repay 
certain outstanding debt obligations as part of the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange (as defined in Note 16). See Note 16 for 
additional information regarding the Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange. The Company had no ownership of BellRing Common 
Stock as of September 30, 2023. 

The Company recognized a gain on its Investment in BellRing of $5.1 and $437.1 during the years ended September 30, 
2023  and  2022,  respectively,  which  was  recorded  in  “Gain  on  investment  in  BellRing”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations.  No  deferred  income  taxes  have  been  recorded  with  respect  to  the  non-cash  mark-to-market  adjustments  on  the 
Company’s  Investment  in  BellRing  as  of  September  30,  2023  or  2022,  as  the  Company  fully  divested  its  Investment  in 
BellRing  within  12  months  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  tax-free  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax 
purposes.

Weetabix East Africa and Alpen 

The Company holds a controlling equity interest in Weetabix East Africa Limited (“Weetabix East Africa”). Weetabix East 
Africa is a Kenyan-based company that produces RTE cereal and muesli. The Company owns 50.1% of Weetabix East Africa 
and holds a controlling voting and financial interest through its appointment of management and representation on Weetabix 
East  Africa’s  board  of  directors.  Accordingly,  Weetabix  East  Africa  is  fully  consolidated  into  the  Company’s  financial 
statements  and  its  assets  and  results  of  operations  are  reported  in  the  Weetabix  segment.  The  remaining  interest  in  the 
consolidated net earnings and net assets of Weetabix East Africa is allocated to NCI.

The Company holds an equity interest in Alpen Food Company South Africa (Pty) Limited (“Alpen”). Alpen is a South 
African-based  company  that  produces  RTE  cereal  and  muesli.  The  Company  owns  50%  of  Alpen’s  common  stock  with  no 
other indicators of control and, accordingly, the Company accounts for its investment in Alpen using the equity method. The 
Company’s  equity  method  loss,  net  of  tax,  attributable  to  Alpen  was  $0.3,  $0.5  and  $0.4  for  the  years  ended  September  30, 
2023,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  and  was  included  in  “Equity  method  loss,  net  of  tax”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations.  The  investment  in  Alpen  was  $3.6  and  $4.1  at  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  respectively,  and  was  included  in 
“Other  assets”  on  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  The  Company  had  a  note  receivable  balance  with  Alpen  of  $0.4  at  both 
September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was included in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NOTE 6 — BUSINESS COMBINATIONS 

Fiscal 2023

On April 28, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of a portion of The J. M. Smucker Company’s (“Smucker”) pet 
food business, including brands such as Rachael Ray Nutrish, Nature’s Recipe, 9Lives, Kibbles ’n Bits and Gravy Train, private 
label pet food assets and certain manufacturing and distribution facilities (collectively, “Pet Food”), facilitating the Company’s 
entry into the pet food category. The purchase price of the Pet Food acquisition was $1,207.5 which included (i) $700.0 in cash, 
subject to inventory adjustments, resulting in a payment at closing of $715.5, (ii) 5.4 million shares of Post common stock, or 
$492.3, and (iii) immaterial working capital adjustments. The cash payment was made using cash on hand, including proceeds 
from the Fourth Incremental Term Loan (as defined in Note 16). Pet Food is reported in the Post Consumer Brands segment. 

Based  upon  the  purchase  price  allocation,  the  Company  recorded  $235.0  of  trademarks  and  licensing  agreements  and 
$391.0 of customer relationships, both of which are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 18 years. Net sales 
included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations attributable to Pet Food was $679.8 for the year ended September 30, 
2023. Due to the level of integration of Pet Food within the Post Consumer Brands segment, it is impracticable to separately 
present net earnings included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations attributable to Pet Food. The goodwill generated by 
the Company’s Pet Food acquisition is expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes. 

76

The following table presents the purchase price allocation, including immaterial measurement period adjustments, related 

to the Pet Food acquisition based upon the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of September 30, 2023. 

Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Property

Other intangible assets

Deferred tax asset

Other assets

Other current liabilities

Other liabilities

Total identifiable net assets

Goodwill

Fair value of total consideration transferred

$ 

$ 

205.8 
0.5 

192.9 

626.0 

2.7 

0.3 

(14.7) 

(0.2) 

1,013.3 

194.2

1,207.5 

In connection with the Pet Food acquisition, the Company and Smucker entered into a transition services agreement (the 
“TSA”) pursuant to which Smucker provides certain Pet Food support services to Post for a transition period of 18 months (or 
up  to  24  months  at  Post’s  election)  following  the  close  of  the  acquisition  based  on  the  terms  set  forth  in  the  TSA.  Pet  Food 
support  services  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  certain  sales,  marketing,  finance,  information  technology,  procurement  and 
supply  chain  services.  During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  Post  incurred  $10.0  related  to  TSA  fees,  which  were 
recorded  within  “Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  In  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  the  TSA,  Smucker  collects  sales  receivables  from  and  remits  payments  to  customers  and  vendors, 
respectively, in accordance with Smucker’s existing contractual terms. Pet Food receivables and payables are settled between 
Post and Smucker monthly on a net basis per the terms of the TSA. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had recorded a net 
receivable due from Smucker of $35.5, which was recorded within “Receivables, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Fiscal 2022

On  April  5,  2022,  the  Company  completed  its  acquisition  of  Lacka  Foods  Limited  (“Lacka  Foods”),  a  U.K.-based 
distributor  and  marketer  of  protein-based  shakes  and  nutritional  snacks,  for  £24.5  million  (approximately  $32.2),  net  of  cash 
acquired, using cash on hand. The acquisition included earnings-based contingent consideration of £3.5 million (approximately 
$4.6), representing its initial fair value estimate, which may be paid to the seller in annual installments over three years with a 
maximum  cash  payout  of  £3.5  million.  During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  the  Company  paid  £1.5  million 
(approximately $1.9) related to the earnings-based contingent consideration, which was reported as a cash flow from financing 
activities in “Other, net” on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Lacka Foods is reported in the Weetabix segment. 

Fiscal 2021

On June 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the private label RTE cereal business from TreeHouse Foods, 
Inc. (the “PL RTE Cereal Business”) for $85.0, subject to inventory and other adjustments, resulting in a payment at closing of 
$88.0.  The  acquisition  was  completed  using  cash  on  hand.  The  PL  RTE  Cereal  Business  is  reported  in  the  Post  Consumer 
Brands segment. Based on the purchase price allocation at September 30, 2021, the Company identified and recorded $99.5 of 
net assets, which exceeded the purchase price paid for the PL RTE Cereal Business. As a result, the Company recorded a gain 
of $11.5, which was reported as “Other operating expense (income), net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the 
year ended September 30, 2021.

On May 27, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Egg Beaters from Conagra Brands, Inc. for $50.0, subject to 
working capital and other adjustments, resulting in a payment at closing of $50.6. The acquisition was completed using cash on 
hand. Egg Beaters is a retail liquid egg brand and is reported in the Refrigerated Retail segment. 

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the Almark Foods business and related assets (“Almark”) 
for  $52.0,  subject  to  working  capital  and  other  adjustments,  resulting  in  a  payment  at  closing  of  $51.3.  The  acquisition  was 
completed using cash on hand. The Company reached a final settlement of net working capital in fiscal 2022, resulting in an 
amount  received  by  the  Company  of  $2.9.  Almark  is  a  provider  of  hard-cooked  and  deviled  egg  products,  offering 
conventional,  organic  and  cage-free  products,  and  distributes  its  products  to  foodservice  distributors,  as  well  as  across  retail 
outlets,  including  in  the  perimeter-of-the-store  and  the  deli  counter.  Almark  is  reported  in  the  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated 
Retail segments. 

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On January 25, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Peter Pan from Conagra Brands, Inc. for $102.0, subject to 
working capital and other adjustments, resulting in a payment at closing of $103.4. The acquisition was completed using cash 
on hand. The Company reached a final settlement of net working capital in fiscal 2021, resulting in an amount received by the 
Company  of  $2.0.  Peter  Pan  is  a  nationally  recognized  brand  with  a  diversified  customer  base  across  key  channels  and  is 
reported in the Post Consumer Brands segment. All Peter Pan nut butter products are currently co-manufactured by 8th Avenue, 
in which the Company has a 60.5% common equity interest (see Note 5). 

Acquisition-Related Expenses

The  Company  incurs  acquisition-related  expenses  in  conjunction  with  both  completed  and  contemplated  acquisitions. 
These expenses generally include third-party costs for due diligence, advisory services and transaction success fees. During the 
years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company incurred acquisition-related expenses of $17.8, $3.2 and $6.4, 
respectively,  which  were  recorded  in  “Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations. 

Unaudited Pro Forma Information

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the results of operations of the Company combined 
with the results of the fiscal 2023 Pet Food acquisition and the fiscal 2021 acquisitions. The results of operations for the fiscal 
2022 acquisition of Lacka Foods were immaterial for presentation within the following unaudited pro forma information. 

The years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 present a summary of the results of operations of the Company combined 
with the results of the fiscal 2023 Pet Food acquisition as if the fiscal 2023 Pet Food acquisition had occurred on October 1, 
2021,  along  with  certain  pro  forma  adjustments.  The  year  ended  September  30,  2021  presents  a  summary  of  the  results  of 
operations  of  the  Company  combined  with  the  the  fiscal  2021  acquisitions  as  if  the  acquisitions  had  occurred  on  October  1, 
2019, along with certain pro forma adjustments. The fiscal 2021 acquisitions did not affect the unaudited pro forma information 
presented for the years ended September 30, 2023 or 2022. The pro forma adjustments give effect to the amortization of certain 
definite-lived  intangible  assets,  adjusted  depreciation  based  upon  fair  value  of  assets  acquired,  acquisition-related  costs, 
inventory  revaluation  adjustments,  interest  expense,  TSA  fees,  gain  on  bargain  purchase  and  related  income  taxes.  The 
following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of 
the results of operations as they would have been had the acquisitions occurred on the assumed date, nor is it necessarily an 
indication of future operating results.

Pro forma net sales
Pro forma net earnings from continuing operations 
Pro forma basic earnings from continuing operations per common share
Pro forma diluted earnings from continuing operations per common share

NOTE 7 — DIVESTITURES AND AMOUNTS HELD FOR SALE

Divestiture

2023

2021

Year Ended September 30,
2022
$  7,902.9  $  7,360.2  $  5,184.3 
96.9 
$ 
1.51 
$ 
1.48 
$ 

354.2  $ 
5.78  $ 
5.36  $ 

607.0  $ 
9.15  $ 
8.93  $ 

On December 1, 2021, the Company sold the Willamette Egg Farms business (the “WEF Transaction”), which included the 
sale of $62.8 book value of assets, for total proceeds of $56.1. Of the $56.1, the Company had $6.0 in escrow, subject to certain 
contingencies, which was included in “Receivables, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2022. During the 
year  ended  September  30,  2023,  the  Company  received  $4.6  of  the  proceeds  held  in  escrow,  which  reduced  the  amount  in 
escrow to $1.4 as of September 30, 2023. As a result of the WEF Transaction, during the year ended September 30, 2022, the 
Company recorded a net loss on sale of business of $6.3, which included a favorable working capital adjustment of $0.4, and 
was reported as “Other operating expense (income), net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Subsequent to the WEF 
Transaction,  Willamette  Egg  Farms  was  no  longer  consolidated  in  the  Company’s  financial  statements.  Prior  to  the  WEF 
Transaction, Willamette Egg Farms’ operating results were reported in the Refrigerated Retail segment. 

There were no gains or losses on sale of business recorded during the years ended September 30, 2023 or 2021. 

Amounts Held For Sale

In the year ended September 30, 2022, a net gain on assets held for sale of $9.4 was recorded consisting of (i) a gain of 
$9.8  related  to  the  sale  of  certain  Foodservice  production  equipment  in  Klingerstown,  Pennsylvania  in  November  2021  (the 
“Klingerstown Equipment”) and (ii) a loss of $0.4 related to the classification of certain Foodservice production equipment in 
Jefferson  City,  Tennessee  (the  “Jefferson  City  Equipment”)  as  held  for  sale.  As  of  September  30,  2022,  the  Jefferson  City 

78

Equipment was classified as held for sale and was reported as “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets. The Jefferson City Equipment sale closed in fiscal 2023.

In the year ended September 30, 2021, a net gain on assets held for sale of $0.5 was recorded consisting of (i) a gain of 
$0.7 related to the sale of a Weetabix manufacturing facility in Corby, U.K. in November 2020, (ii) a loss of $0.1 related to the 
sale  of  land  and  a  building  at  the  Post  Consumer  Brands  RTE  cereal  manufacturing  facility  in  Asheboro,  North  Carolina  in 
November  2020  and  (iii)  a  loss  of  $0.1  related  to  the  sale  of  the  remaining  portion  of  a  Post  Consumer  Brands  RTE  cereal 
manufacturing plant in Clinton, Massachusetts in February 2021.

The  above  held  for  sale  gains  and  losses  were  included  in  “Other  operating  expense  (income),  net”  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements  of  Operations  for  the  years  ended  September  30,  2022  and  2021.  There  were  no  held  for  sale  gains  or  losses 
recorded in the year ended September 30, 2023.

NOTE 8 — GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are presented in the following table. 

Balance, September 30, 2021
Goodwill (gross)

Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill (net)

Goodwill from acquisitions (a)
Sale of business (b)
Currency translation adjustment

Balance, September 30, 2022
Goodwill (gross)
Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill (net)

Goodwill from acquisition
Impairment loss
Currency translation adjustment

Balance, September 30, 2023
Goodwill (gross)
Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill (net)

Post Consumer 
Brands

Weetabix

Foodservice

Refrigerated 
Retail

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,067.1  $ 

(609.1)   
1,458.0  $ 
— 
— 
(0.3)   

2,066.8  $ 
(609.1)   
1,457.7  $ 
194.2 
— 
0.1 

2,261.1  $ 
(609.1)   
1,652.0  $ 

929.4  $ 

1,355.0  $ 

— 
929.4  $ 
13.9 
— 
(161.7)   

781.6  $ 
— 
781.6  $ 
— 
— 
72.7 

854.3  $ 
— 
854.3  $ 

— 
1,355.0  $ 
0.3 
— 
— 

1,355.3  $ 
— 
1,355.3  $ 
— 
— 
— 

1,355.3  $ 
— 
1,355.3  $ 

807.9  $ 

(48.7)   
759.2  $ 
— 
(4.2)   
— 

803.7  $ 
(48.7)   
755.0  $ 
— 
(42.2)   
— 

803.7  $ 
(90.9)   
712.8  $ 

5,159.4 

(657.8) 
4,501.6 
14.2 
(4.2) 
(162.0) 

5,007.4 
(657.8) 
4,349.6 
194.2 
(42.2) 
72.8 

5,274.4 
(700.0) 
4,574.4 

(a)

In fiscal 2022, the Company recorded $13.9 of goodwill related to the Lacka Foods acquisition and also recorded a final measurement 
period adjustment of $0.3 related to the Almark acquisition. For additional information on the Company’s acquisitions, see Note 6.

(b)

In December 2021, the Company completed the WEF Transaction. For additional information on the WEF Transaction, see Note 7.

During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $42.2 related to its 
Cheese and Dairy reporting unit within the Refrigerated Retail segment, which was recorded in “Impairment of goodwill” in the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations. The goodwill impairment charge was driven primarily by narrowing of the pricing gap 
between  branded  and  private  label  competitors,  resulting  in  distribution  losses  and  declining  profitability.  See  Note  14  for 
additional information on the significant assumptions utilized in the estimate of the fair value of the Cheese and Dairy reporting 
unit. The Company did not record a goodwill impairment charge during the years ended September 30, 2022 or 2021, as all 
reporting units subjected to the quantitative test passed during each respective year. 

At September 30, 2023, the Weetabix reporting unit fair value exceeded its carrying value by approximately 6.4% and was 
impacted  by  raw  material  and  energy  cost  inflation  as  well  as  U.K.  economic  pressures  negatively  impacting  consumer 
spending trends, both of which impacted near-term profitability. The Company expects these impacts to be transitory in nature; 
however, inherent risk to the reporting unit’s cash flows remains. Variances between the actual performance of the reporting 
unit and the assumptions that were used in developing the estimate of fair value could result in impairment charges in future 
periods. The estimated fair values of all other reporting units exceeded their carrying values by at least 13% at September 30, 
2023. 

At September 30, 2022, the Cheese and Dairy reporting unit and the Refrigerated Retail reporting unit fair values exceeded 
their carrying values by approximately 6.5% and 8.5%, respectively, and the estimated fair values of all other reporting units 
exceeded their carrying values by at least 10%. At September 30, 2021, the estimated fair values of all reporting units exceeded 

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
their carrying values by at least 11% (the lowest of which was Foodservice; all others exceeded their carrying values by at least 
15%).

NOTE 9 — INCOME TAXES

The  components  of  “Earnings  before  Income  Taxes  and  Equity  Method  Loss”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of 

Operations and other summary information is presented in the following table. 

Domestic
Foreign
Earnings before Income Taxes and Equity Method Loss

Income tax expense
Effective income tax rate

Income tax expense consisted of the following:

Current:

Federal
State
Foreign

Deferred:
Federal
State
Foreign

Income tax expense

Year Ended September 30,
2022
$  799.9 
95.4 
$  895.3 

2021
$  105.9 
108.1 
$  214.0 

2023
$  397.2 
15.7 
$  412.9 

$ 

$ 

99.7 
 24.1 %

$ 

85.7 
 9.6 %

58.2 
 27.2 %

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

$ 

$ 

96.4  $ 
21.0 
5.2 
122.6 

(10.7) 
(11.8) 
(0.4) 
(22.9) 
99.7  $ 

71.1  $ 
11.1 
13.2 
95.4 

(9.7) 
— 
— 
(9.7) 
85.7  $ 

(20.3) 
(0.2) 
10.5 
(10.0) 

22.6 
3.4 
42.2 
68.2 
58.2 

The following table presents the reconciliation of income tax expense with amounts computed at the U.S. federal statutory 

tax rate.

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Computed tax at federal statutory rate (21%)
State income tax, net of effect on federal tax
Non-deductible goodwill impairment charge
Non-deductible compensation
Valuation allowances
Enacted tax law and changes in deferred tax rates
Excess tax benefits for share-based payments
Income tax credits
Enhanced deduction for food donations
Gain on investment in BellRing (a)
Rate differential on foreign income
Return-to-provision and changes in prior year accruals
Net losses and basis difference attributable to equity method investment
Gain on bargain purchase
Other, net (none in excess of 5% of statutory tax)
Income tax expense

$ 

$ 

86.7  $ 
12.2 
8.9 
7.0 
1.0 
(5.8) 
(5.7) 
(2.4) 
(1.6) 
(1.1) 
(0.2) 
(0.1) 
— 
— 
0.8 
99.7  $ 

188.0  $ 

10.3 
— 
5.9 
1.4 
0.9 
(3.6) 
(1.9) 
(1.0) 
(91.8) 
(10.2) 
(0.5) 
(14.1) 
— 
2.3 
85.7  $ 

44.9 
1.7 
— 
5.4 
2.9 
40.0 
(6.1) 
(1.5) 
(0.8) 
— 
(11.0) 
(2.8) 
(9.2) 
(2.4) 
(2.9) 
58.2 

(a) No income taxes have been recorded with respect to the non-cash realized and unrealized book gains on the Company’s Investment in 
BellRing  during  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023  or  2022,  as  the  Company  fully  divested  its  Investment  in  BellRing  within  12 
months  of  the  BellRing  Spin-off  in  a  manner  intended  to  qualify  as  tax-free  for  U.S.  federal  income  tax  purposes.  For  additional 
information on our Investment in BellRing, refer to Notes 4, 5 and 16.

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred  income  taxes  reflect  the  net  tax  effects  of  temporary  differences  between  the  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for  income  tax  purposes.  Non-current  deferred  tax  assets 
(liabilities) were as follows:

Disallowed interest carryforwards
Lease liabilities
Derivatives, equity securities and investment 
adjustments
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards
Stock-based and deferred compensation
Inventory
Capitalized research and development
Accrued liabilities
Accrued vacation, incentive and severance
Basis difference attributable to equity 
method investment
Intangible assets
Property
ROU assets
Pension and other postretirement benefits
Other items

Total gross deferred income taxes

Valuation allowance

Total deferred income taxes

$ 

September 30, 2023
Liabilities

Net

Assets

September 30, 2022
Liabilities

Net

Assets

$ 

53.9  $ 
49.1 

—  $ 
— 

41.0
20.9 
20.6 
16.0 
11.2 
10.8 
10.3 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

53.9 
49.1 

41.0
20.9 
20.6 
16.0 
11.2 
10.8 
10.3 

$ 

55.4  $ 
35.8 

—  $ 
— 

34.9
24.1 
19.9 
8.8 
— 
7.0 
6.2 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

55.4 
35.8 

34.9
24.1 
19.9 
8.8 
— 
7.0 
6.2 

4.7 
— 
— 
— 
— 
6.9 
245.4 
(36.4) 
209.0  $ 

— 
(592.2) 
(226.1) 
(46.2) 
(16.2) 
(2.7) 
(883.4) 
— 
(883.4)  $ 

4.7 
(592.2) 
(226.1) 
(46.2) 
(16.2) 
4.2 
(638.0) 
(36.4) 
(674.4) 

$ 

4.6 
— 
— 
— 
— 
5.5 
202.2 
(35.5) 
166.7  $ 

— 
(611.4) 
(197.6) 
(32.9) 
(11.4) 
(1.8) 
(855.1) 
— 
(855.1)  $ 

4.6 
(611.4) 
(197.6) 
(32.9) 
(11.4) 
3.7 
(652.9) 
(35.5) 
(688.4) 

As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s $20.9 deferred tax asset for net operating loss (“NOL”) and credit carryforwards 
is comprised of state NOLs of $11.5, foreign tax loss carryforwards of $5.1, state credit carryforwards of $2.6 and U.S. federal 
NOL carryforwards of $1.7. The expiration for the majority of these carryforwards are either greater than 10 years or are able to 
be carried forward indefinitely. The Company has offset approximately $11.4 of the $11.5 state NOLs and all of the $5.1 of 
foreign tax loss carryforwards by a valuation allowance based on management’s judgment that it is more likely than not that the 
benefits of those deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future. In addition, as of September 30, 2023, the Company had a 
deferred  tax  asset  for  disallowed  U.S.  interest  expense  of  $53.9  subject  to  Internal  Revenue  Code  Section  163(j)  limitations, 
which  may  be  carried  forward  indefinitely.  Based  on  management’s  judgement,  with  the  exception  of  a  $6.0  valuation 
allowance  recorded  for  state-related  disallowed  interest  carryforwards,  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  Company  will 
recognize the benefit of this deferred tax asset in the future. 

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a valuation allowance of $36.4 and $35.5, respectively, based on 
management’s  judgment  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  benefits  of  its  deferred  tax  assets  will  not  be  realized  in  the 
future. The changes in the valuation allowance during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $0.9, $(6.1) 
and $0.5, respectively. These changes primarily relate to valuation allowances on state carryforwards.

The  Company  generally  repatriates  a  portion  of  current  year  earnings  from  select  non-U.S.  subsidiaries  only  if  the 
economic cost of the repatriation is not considered material. No provision has been made for income taxes on the Company’s 
undistributed earnings of consolidated foreign subsidiaries of $106.2 as of September 30, 2023, as it is the Company’s intention 
to indefinitely reinvest undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to, amongst other things, fund local operations, fund 
debt  service  payments,  fund  pension  and  other  post-retirement  obligations,  fund  capital  projects  and  support  foreign  growth 
initiatives, including potential acquisitions. If the Company repatriated any of the earnings, it could be subject to withholding 
tax and the impact of foreign currency movements. It is not practicable to estimate the additional income taxes and applicable 
foreign  withholding  taxes  that  would  be  payable  on  the  remittance  of  such  undistributed  earnings.  Applicable  income  and 
withholding taxes will be provided on these earnings in the periods in which they are no longer considered reinvested.

U.K. Tax Law Changes

In  fiscal  2021,  the  effective  income  tax  rate  was  impacted  by  enacted  tax  law  changes  in  the  U.K.,  which  included  a 
provision to increase the U.K.’s corporate income tax rate from 19% to 25%, effective April 1, 2023. During the years ended 
September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company measured its existing deferred tax assets and liabilities considering the 25% 

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.K. corporate income tax rate for future periods and recorded tax expense of $0.7, $0.9 and $40.0, respectively. Other changes 
made  to  the  U.K.’s  tax  laws  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the  Company’s  financial  statements  during  the  years  ended 
September 30, 2023, 2022 or 2021. 

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position 
will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are measured based 
on  the  largest  benefit  that  has  a  greater  than  50%  likelihood  of  being  realized  upon  ultimate  settlement.  To  the  extent  the 
Company’s  assessment  of  such  tax  positions  changes,  the  change  in  estimate  will  be  recorded  in  the  period  in  which  the 
determination is made.

Unrecognized tax benefits activity is presented in the following table.

As of and for the Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Balance, beginning of year
Additions for tax positions taken in current year and acquisitions
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years
Settlements with tax authorities/statute expirations
Balance, end of year

$ 

$ 

11.7  $ 
0.8 
0.4 
(0.1) 
12.8  $ 

12.5  $ 
0.1 
— 
(0.9) 
11.7  $ 

8.3 
0.3 
5.2 
(1.3) 
12.5 

The amount of the net unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would directly affect the effective income tax rate was 
$7.6  at  September  30,  2023.  The  Company  believes  that,  due  to  expiring  statutes  of  limitations  and  settlements  with  tax 
authorities,  it  is  reasonably  possible  that  the  total  unrecognized  tax  benefits  may  decrease  up  to  approximately  $5.3  within 
twelve months of the reporting date.

The  Company  computes  tax-related  interest  and  penalties  as  the  difference  between  the  tax  position  recognized  for 
financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amount  previously  taken  on  the  Company’s  tax  returns  and  classifies  these  amounts  as 
components  of  income  tax  expense  (benefit).  The  Company  recorded  income  tax  expense  (benefit)  of  $0.5,  $0.1  and  $(0.5) 
related to interest and penalties in the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company had accrued 
interest and penalties of $1.1 and $0.6 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The accrued interest and penalties are not 
included in the table above.

U.S.  federal,  U.S.  state  and  foreign  jurisdiction  income  tax  returns  for  the  tax  years  ended  September  30,  2020  through 

September 30, 2022 are generally open and subject to examination by the tax authorities in each respective jurisdiction.

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 10 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for both continuing and discontinued 

operations.

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Net Earnings from Continuing Operations

Net earnings from continuing operations
Impact of redeemable NCI
Net earnings from continuing operations for basic earnings per share

Impact of interest expense, net of tax, related to convertible senior notes
Net earnings from continuing operations for diluted earnings per share

Net Earnings from Discontinued Operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations for basic earnings per share

Dilutive impact of Old BellRing net earnings from discontinued operations
Net earnings from discontinued operations for diluted earnings per share

Net Earnings

Net earnings for basic earnings per share

Net earnings for diluted earnings per share

shares in millions
Weighted-average shares for basic earnings per share

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock options

Stock appreciation rights

Restricted stock units

Market-based performance restricted stock units

Earnings-based performance restricted stock units

Shares issuable upon conversion of convertible senior notes

Total dilutive securities

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

301.3  $ 
11.0 
312.3  $ 

10.9 
323.2  $ 

735.0  $ 
— 
735.0  $ 

1.5 
736.5  $ 

104.9 
(11.0) 
93.9 

— 
93.9 

—  $ 

— 
—  $ 

21.6  $ 

— 
21.6  $ 

61.8 

(0.1) 
61.7 

312.3  $ 

756.6  $ 

323.2  $ 

758.1  $ 

155.7 

155.6 

60.0 

60.9 

64.2 

0.4 

— 

0.5 

0.6 

0.1 

5.4 

7.0 

0.3 

0.1 

0.5 

0.1 

0.1 

0.7 

1.8 

0.6 

0.1 

0.3 

0.1 

— 

— 

1.1 

Weighted-average shares for diluted earnings per share

67.0 

62.7 

65.3 

Earnings from Continuing Operations per Common Share:

Basic
Diluted

Earnings from Discontinued Operations per Common Share:

Basic 
Diluted

Earnings per Common Share:

Basic 
Diluted

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

5.21  $ 
4.82  $ 

12.07  $ 
11.75  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

0.35  $ 
0.34  $ 

5.21  $ 
4.82  $ 

12.42  $ 
12.09  $ 

1.46 
1.44 

0.96 
0.94 

2.42 
2.38 

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  details  the  securities  that  have  been  excluded  from  the  calculation  of  weighted-average  shares  for 

diluted earnings per share for both continuing and discontinued operations as they were anti-dilutive.

Restricted stock units
Market-based performance restricted stock units

0.1 
0.1 

0.3 
0.1 

— 
— 

NOTE 11 — SUPPLEMENTAL OPERATIONS STATEMENT AND CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Advertising expenses 
Research and development expenses
Interest income
Interest paid
Income taxes paid
Accrued additions to property

$ 

124.1  $ 
22.9 
(20.9) 
300.2 
114.7 
37.9 

93.2  $ 
18.9 
(4.4) 
320.0 
45.8 
36.4 

112.3 
21.9 
(0.6) 
348.2 
45.6 
38.3 

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 12 — SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION

Receivables, net

Trade
Pet Food net receivable (see Note 6)
Income tax receivable
Related party
Other

Allowance for credit losses

Inventories

Raw materials and supplies
Work in process
Finished products
Flocks

Other Assets

Pension asset
Operating ROU assets
Other investments
Derivative assets
Software implementation costs
Other

Accounts Payable

Trade
Book cash overdrafts
Related party
Other

Other Current Liabilities

Advertising and promotion
Accrued interest
Accrued compensation
Derivative liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Accrued freight
Other accrued taxes
Other

Other Liabilities

Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations
Derivative liabilities
Deferred compensation
Operating lease liabilities
Other

September 30,

2023

2022

451.0  $ 
35.5 
8.3 
6.9 
13.2 
514.9 
(2.5) 
512.4  $ 

155.9  $ 
24.4 
573.6 
36.0 
789.9  $ 

110.3  $ 
176.2 
6.1 
11.3 
18.0 
38.1 

360.0  $ 

339.7  $ 
1.3 
13.8 
14.0 

368.8  $ 

74.0  $ 
67.0 
128.2 
16.1 
22.8 
16.4 
21.4 
89.5 

435.4  $ 

42.8  $ 
— 
36.2 
169.6 
28.1 

276.7  $ 

499.4 
— 
17.4 
4.4 
25.3 
546.5 
(2.3) 
544.2 

130.9 
21.1 
361.9 
35.2 
549.1 

93.9 
122.9 
26.9 
3.0 
— 
24.2 
270.9 

362.1 
53.3 
26.1 
11.2 
452.7 

47.2 
69.5 
63.4 
25.9 
25.5 
25.1 
19.1 
94.3 
370.0 

45.6 
49.1 
33.1 
113.7 
25.4 
266.9 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

NOTE 13 — DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING

At  September  30,  2023,  the  Company’s  derivative  instruments,  none  of  which  were  designated  as  hedging  instruments 

under ASC Topic 815, consisted of:

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•

•

•

•

commodity and energy futures, swaps and option contracts, which relate to inputs that generally will be utilized within 
the next two years;

foreign  currency  forward  contracts  (the  “FX  contracts”)  maturing  in  the  next  year  that  have  the  effect  of  hedging 
currency fluctuations between the Euro and the Pound Sterling;

pay-fixed,  receive-variable  interest  rate  swaps  maturing  in  June  2033  that  require  monthly  settlements  and  have  the 
effect of hedging interest payments on debt expected to be issued but not yet priced; and

pay-fixed, receive-variable interest rate swaps maturing in April 2026 that require monthly settlements and have the 
effect of hedging forecasted interest payments on the Company’s Fourth Incremental Term Loan (as defined in Note 
16). 

Interest rate swaps

In fiscal 2023, the Company paid $55.1 in connection with the termination of $849.3 notional value of its rate-lock swap 
contracts, of which $43.5 related to the termination of rate-lock swap contracts that contained other-than-insignificant financing 
elements  and  were  reported  as  cash  flows  from  financing  activities  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Cash  Flows.  The 
Company  also  paid  $2.1  in  connection  with  the  termination  of  $332.6  notional  value  of  its  interest  rate  swap  option,  and 
received cash proceeds of $6.7 in connection with the termination of its interest rate swap contract with a $200.0 notional value. 

In fiscal 2022, the Company paid $17.0 in connection with the termination of $700.0 notional value of its rate-lock swap 
contracts.  The  Company  also  restructured  two  of  its  rate-lock  swap  contracts,  which  contained  other-than-insignificant 
financing elements. There were no cash settlements paid or received in connection with these restructurings.

In  fiscal  2021,  the  Company  restructured  four  of  its  rate-lock  swap  contracts,  which  contained  non-cash,  off-market 

financing elements. There were no cash settlements paid or received in connection with these restructurings.

The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative instruments held.

Commodity contracts 

Energy contracts

FX contracts

Interest rate swap

Interest rate swaps - Rate-lock swaps

Interest rate swaps - Option

PHPC Warrants 

September 30,

2023

2022

$ 

215.0  $ 

48.9 

3.0 

700.0 

— 

— 

— 

145.0 

23.7 

3.2 

200.0 

849.3 

332.6 

16.9 

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  presents  the  balance  sheet  location  and  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  derivative  instruments.  The 

Company does not offset derivative assets and liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Balance Sheet Location

September 30,

2023

2022

Asset Derivatives: 

Commodity contracts
Energy contracts

Interest rate swaps
Commodity contracts
Interest rate swaps

Liability Derivatives: 
Commodity contracts

Energy contracts
FX contracts

Interest rate swaps

Interest rate swaps

PHPC Warrants

$ 

$ 

$ 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Other assets

Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities
Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities

Other liabilities

Other liabilities

1.2  $ 
2.5 

10.6 
— 
11.3 

12.9 
13.6 

3.4 
0.5 
2.5 

25.6  $ 

32.9 

14.1  $ 

2.0 
— 

— 

— 

— 

1.5 

1.8 
0.1 

22.5 

48.1 

1.0 

75.0 

$ 

16.1  $ 

The  following  table  presents  the  statement  of  operations  location  and  loss  (gain)  recognized  related  to  the  Company’s 

derivative instruments.

Derivative Instruments

Commodity contracts

Energy contracts

FX contracts

Interest rate swaps

PHPC Warrants

Statement of Operations Location

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Income on swaps, net

Other income, net

Year Ended September 30,
2021
2022

2023

$  28.5  $ 

(32.2)  $ 

(11.3) 

6.7 

(0.1) 

(28.5) 

(43.1) 

0.1 

0.1 

(39.9) 

(268.0) 

(122.8) 

(1.0) 

(8.2) 

(7.7) 

At  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  had  pledged  collateral  of  $23.4  and  $2.8,  respectively,  related  to  its 

commodity and energy contracts. These amounts were classified as “Restricted cash” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 14 — FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the basis 

for that measurement according to the levels in the fair value hierarchy in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement.”

Assets:

Deferred compensation investments
Derivative assets
Equity securities
Investment in BellRing

Liabilities:

Deferred compensation liabilities
Derivative liabilities

Deferred Compensation

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

September 30, 2023
Level 1

Level 2

Total

September 30, 2022
Level 1

Level 2

Total

13.0  $ 
25.6 
0.2 
— 
38.8  $ 

13.0  $ 
— 
0.2 
— 
13.2  $ 

— 
25.6 
— 
— 
25.6 

$ 

12.0  $ 
32.9 
32.1 
94.8 

12.0  $ 
— 
32.1 
94.8 

$  171.8  $  138.9  $ 

— 
32.9 
— 
— 
32.9 

36.8  $ 
16.1 
52.9  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

36.8 
16.1 
52.9 

$ 

33.7  $ 
75.0 
$  108.7  $ 

33.7 
—  $ 
1.0 
74.0 
1.0  $  107.7 

The deferred compensation investments are primarily invested in mutual funds, and their fair value is measured using the 
market  approach.  These  investments  are  in  the  same  funds,  or  funds  that  employ  a  similar  investment  strategy,  and  are 
purchased in substantially the same amounts, as the participants’ selected notional investment options (excluding Post common 
stock  equivalents),  which  represent  the  underlying  liabilities  to  participants  in  the  Company’s  deferred  compensation  plans. 
Deferred compensation liabilities are recorded at amounts due to participants in cash, based on the fair value of participants’ 
selected  notional  investment  options  (excluding  certain  Post  common  stock  equivalents  to  be  distributed  in  shares)  using  the 
market approach.

Derivatives

The Company utilizes the income approach to measure fair value for its commodity and energy derivatives. The income 
approach uses pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as yield curves and forward prices. FX contracts are 
valued using the spot rate less the forward rate multiplied by the notional amount. The Company’s calculation of the fair value 
of interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate 
curve. Refer to Note 13 for the classification of changes in fair value of derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value 
on a recurring basis within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of September 30, 2022, the PHPC Warrants were valued using the market approach based on quoted prices and were 
categorized as Level 1. The fair value of the PHPC Warrants was zero as of September 30, 2023, as the PHPC Warrants expired 
worthless in connection with the PHPC Redemption. For additional information on the PHPC Warrants, see Notes 5 and 13. 

Equity Securities and Investment in BellRing

The  Company  uses  the  market  approach  to  measure  the  fair  value  of  its  equity  securities.  The  Investment  in  BellRing 
represented the Company’s 3.4% equity interest in BellRing as of September 30, 2022, which was measured at its fair value of 
$94.8  based  on  the  trading  value  of  the  BellRing  Common  Stock  on  September  30,  2022.  As  of  September  30,  2023,  the 
Company did not hold an equity interest in BellRing. For additional information on the Investment in BellRing, see Notes 4 and 
5. 

Other Fair Value Measurements

Investments held in trust held prior to the PHPC Redemption were invested in a fund consisting entirely of U.S. treasury 
securities.  The  fund  was  valued  at  net  asset  value  (“NAV”)  per  share,  and  as  such,  in  accordance  with  ASC  Topic  820,  the 
investments  were  not  classified  in  the  fair  value  hierarchy.  Investments  held  in  trust  were  reported  at  fair  value  on  the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022. In connection with the PHPC Redemption, the investments held in trust 
were liquidated and the proceeds were disbursed to PHPC’s public stockholders, including $40.9 to the Company, during fiscal 
2023. For additional information, see Note 5. 

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities also include cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable for 
which the carrying value approximates fair value due to their short maturities (less than 12 months). The Company does not 
record its current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value 

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of  any  outstanding  borrowings  under  the  municipal  bond  as  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022  approximated  their  carrying 
values. Based on current market rates, the fair value (Level 2) of the Company’s debt, excluding outstanding borrowings under 
the municipal bond (which are also categorized as Level 2), was $5,491.5 and $5,171.0 as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, 
respectively, which included $572.6 and $566.1 related to the Company’s convertible senior notes, respectively.

Certain assets and liabilities, including property, goodwill, other intangible assets and assets held for sale, are measured at 
fair value on a non-recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a 
goodwill  impairment  charge  of  $42.2  related  to  its  Cheese  and  Dairy  reporting  unit  within  the  Refrigerated  Retail  segment, 
which  was  recorded  in  “Impairment  of  goodwill”  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations.  There  were  no  goodwill 
impairment charges recorded during the years ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. For additional information on goodwill, see 
Notes 2 and 8.

During fiscal 2022, the Company sold the Klingerstown Equipment and entered into an agreement to sell the Jefferson City 
Equipment,  which  subsequently  closed  in  fiscal  2023.  The  Klingerstown  Equipment  and  the  Jefferson  City  Equipment  were 
reported in the Foodservice segment. For additional information on assets held for sale, see Note 7.

The fair value of assets held for sale was measured on a non-recurring basis based on the lower of the carrying amount or 
fair value less cost to sell. When applicable, the fair value is adjusted to reflect an offer to purchase the assets. The fair value 
measurements  were  categorized  as  Level  3,  as  the  fair  values  utilize  significant  unobservable  inputs.  The  following  table 
summarizes the Level 3 activity.

Balance, September 30, 2021

Net gain related to assets held for sale

Proceeds from the sale of assets held for sale

Transfers of assets into held for sale

Balance, September 30, 2022

Proceeds from the sale of assets held for sale

Balance, September 30, 2023

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

9.4 

(10.3) 

1.0 

0.1 

(0.1) 

— 

For information regarding the fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets, see Note 18. 

NOTE 15 — LEASES

The Company leases office space, certain warehouses, manufacturing facilities and equipment primarily through operating 
lease agreements. The Company has no material finance lease agreements. Leases have remaining terms which range from less 
than 1 to 53 years and most leases provide the Company with the option to exercise one or more renewal terms. 

The following table presents the balance sheet location of the Company’s operating leases.

ROU assets:

   Other assets

Lease liabilities:
   Other current liabilities
   Other liabilities
      Total lease liabilities

September 30,

2023

2022

176.2  $ 

122.9 

22.8  $ 

169.6 
192.4  $ 

25.5 
113.7 
139.2 

$ 

$ 

$ 

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
Future  minimum  payments  of  the  Company’s  operating  lease  liabilities  as  of  September  30,  2023  are  presented  in  the 

following table.

Fiscal 2024
Fiscal 2025

Fiscal 2026
Fiscal 2027

Fiscal 2028
Thereafter 

   Total future minimum payments
   Less: Implied interest

      Total lease liabilities

$ 

$ 

$ 

33.5 
37.1 

36.9 
32.8 

27.1 
75.2 

242.6 
50.2 

192.4 

The following table presents supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases.

Total operating lease expense

Variable lease expense
Short-term lease expense

Weighted-average remaining lease term

Weighted-average IBR

2023

$45.8

5.3
7.7

8 years

5.99%

Year Ended September 30,
2022

$45.5

5.2
9.4

9 years

5.26%

2021

$40.1

4.8
7.5

9 years

4.70%

 Operating cash flows for amounts included in the measurement of the Company’s operating lease liabilities for the years 
ended  September  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021  were  $32.5,  $29.6  and  $28.4,  respectively.  ROU  assets  obtained  in  exchange  for 
operating lease liabilities during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $77.7, $20.7 and $33.8, respectively. 

NOTE 16 — LONG-TERM DEBT

The components of “Long-term debt” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the following table.

September 30,

2023

2022

$ 

575.0  $ 

575.0 

1,049.7 

1,385.4 

1,235.0 

1,270.5 

1,482.2 

1,235.0 

939.9 
459.3 
400.0 
5.3 

940.9 
459.3 
— 
6.4 
$  6,049.6  $  5,969.3 
1.1 
50.1 
38.5 
$  6,039.0  $  5,956.6 

1.1 
42.0 
32.5 

2.50% convertible senior notes maturing August 2027

4.50% senior notes maturing September 2031

4.625% senior notes maturing April 2030

5.50% senior notes maturing December 2029

5.625% senior notes maturing January 2028
5.75% senior notes maturing March 2027
Fourth Incremental Term Loan
Municipal bond

Less: Current portion of long-term debt

Debt issuance costs, net

Plus: Unamortized premium, net

Total long-term debt

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Transactions in Connection with BellRing

On March 8, 2022, the Company entered into a Joinder Agreement No. 1 (the “First Joinder Agreement”) by and among 
the  Company,  as  borrower,  certain  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries,  as  guarantors,  the  institutions  constituting  the  Funding 
Incremental Term Loan Lenders (as defined in the First Joinder Agreement, referred to herein as the “First Funding Incremental 
Term  Loan  Lenders”),  Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent,  and  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.,  as  sub-agent  to  the 
administrative agent. The First Joinder Agreement provided for an incremental term loan (the “First Incremental Term Loan”) 
of $840.0 under the Company’s Credit Agreement (as defined below), which the Company borrowed in full on March 8, 2022. 
The First Joinder Agreement permitted the Company to repay the First Incremental Term Loan, in whole or in part, in cash or, 
with the prior written consent of the First Funding Incremental Term Loan Lenders, in lieu of cash, to exchange its obligations 
under the First Incremental Term Loan with the First Funding Incremental Term Loan Lenders for the BellRing Notes.

On  March  10,  2022,  the  Company  and  the  First  Funding  Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  entered  into  an  exchange 
agreement (the “First Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company repaid the First Incremental Term Loan and all 
accrued and unpaid interest and expenses owed thereunder through a combination of (i) with respect to the principal amount 
owed under the First Incremental Term Loan, the assignment and transfer by the Company of all $840.0 of the BellRing Notes 
to the First Funding Incremental Term Loan Lenders and (ii) with respect to accrued and unpaid interest and fees and expenses 
owed under the First Incremental Term Loan, cash on hand (collectively, the “Debt-for-Debt Exchange”). As provided in the 
First Exchange Agreement, upon completion of the transfer of the BellRing Notes to the First Funding Incremental Term Loan 
Lenders and payment of interest, fees and expenses, the First Incremental Term Loan was deemed satisfied and paid in full. For 
additional information, see “Repayments of Debt” below.

On  March  17,  2022,  the  Company  redeemed  $840.0  in  aggregate  principal  amount,  or  approximately  65%,  of  the 
outstanding 5.75% senior notes maturing in March 2027 using the proceeds from the First Incremental Term Loan. The 5.75% 
senior notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 102.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the 5.75% senior notes 
being  redeemed,  plus  accrued  and  unpaid  interest  for  each  day  from  March  1,  2022  to,  but  excluding,  March  17,  2022.  For 
additional information, see “Repayments of Debt” below.

On July 25, 2022, the Company entered into a Joinder Agreement No. 2 (the “Second Joinder Agreement”) by and among 
the  Company,  as  borrower,  certain  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries,  as  guarantors,  the  institutions  constituting  the  Funding 
Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  (as  defined  in  the  Second  Joinder  Agreement,  referred  to  herein  as  the  “Second  Funding 
Incremental Term Loan Lenders”), Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as sub-agent 
to  the  administrative  agent.  The  Second  Joinder  Agreement  provided  for  an  incremental  term  loan  (the  “Second  Incremental 
Term Loan”) of $450.0 under the Company’s Credit Agreement, which the Company borrowed in full on July 25, 2022. The 
Second Joinder Agreement permitted the Company to repay the Second Incremental Term Loan, in whole or in part, in cash or, 
with the prior written consent of the Second Funding Incremental Term Loan Lenders, with an alternative form of consideration 
in lieu of cash.

On  August  8,  2022,  the  Company  and  the  Second  Funding  Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  entered  into  an  exchange 
agreement (the “Second Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company transferred on August 11, 2022 14.8 million 
shares  of  its  Investment  in  BellRing  to  the  Second  Funding  Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  to  repay  $342.3  in  aggregate 
principal amount of the Second Incremental Term Loan, excluding accrued interest, which was paid with cash (such exchange, 
the “First Debt-for-Equity Exchange”). On September 14, 2022, the Company repaid the remaining principal balance of $107.7 
of the Second Incremental Term Loan using cash on hand. For additional information, see “Repayments of Debt” below.

On  November  18,  2022,  the  Company  entered  into  a  Joinder  Agreement  No.  3  (the  “Third  Joinder  Agreement”)  by  and 
among  the  Company,  as  borrower,  certain  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries,  as  guarantors,  J.P.  Morgan  Securities  LLC  (“J.P. 
Morgan”),  as  lender,  Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent,  and  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.,  as  sub-agent  to  the 
administrative agent. The Third Joinder Agreement provided for an incremental term loan (the “Third Incremental Term Loan”) 
of $130.0 under the Company’s Credit Agreement, which the Company borrowed in full on November 18, 2022.

Interest on the Third Incremental Term Loan accrued at the adjusted term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) (as 
defined  in  the  Credit  Agreement)  plus  a  margin  of  1.50%  per  annum,  and  the  maturity  date  for  the  Third  Incremental  Term 
Loan  was  December  19,  2022.  The  Third  Joinder  Agreement  permitted  the  Company  to  repay  the  Third  Incremental  Term 
Loan, in whole or in part, in cash or, with the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan, with an alternative form of consideration in 
lieu of cash.

On  November  21,  2022,  the  Company  and  J.P.  Morgan  entered  into  an  exchange  agreement  (the  “Third  Exchange 
Agreement”)  pursuant  to  which  the  Company  transferred,  on  November  25,  2022,  the  remaining  4.6  million  shares  of  its 
Investment  in  BellRing  to  J.P.  Morgan  to  repay  $99.9  in  aggregate  principal  amount  of  the  Third  Incremental  Term  Loan, 
excluding accrued interest, which was paid with cash (such exchange, the “Second Debt-for-Equity Exchange”). Following the 
completion  of  the  Second  Debt-for-Equity  Exchange,  the  Company  no  longer  held  shares  of  BellRing  Common  Stock.  On 

91

November 25, 2022, the Company repaid the remaining principal balance of $30.1 of the Third Incremental Term Loan using 
cash on hand. For additional information, see “Repayments of Debt” below.

Convertible Senior Notes 

On  August  12,  2022,  the  Company  issued  $575.0  principal  value  of  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  maturing  in  August 
2027.  The  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  were  issued  at  par,  and  the  Company  received  $559.1  after  incurring  investment 
banking and other fees and expenses of $15.9, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of 
the  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes.  Interest  payments  on  the  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  are  due  semi-annually  each 
February 15 and August 15, which began on February 15, 2023.

The initial conversion rate of the 2.50% convertible senior notes is 9.4248 shares of the Company’s common stock per one 
thousand  dollars  principal  amount  of  the  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes,  which  represents  an  initial  conversion  price  of 
approximately $106.10 per share of common stock. The conversion rate, and thus the conversion price, may be adjusted under 
certain  circumstances  as  described  in  the  indenture  governing  the  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  (the  “Convertible  Notes 
Indenture”). The Company may settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of its common stock or a 
combination of cash and shares of its common stock, at the Company’s election. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as 
defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture) occurs, then the Company must in certain circumstances increase the conversion 
rate for a specified period of time. 

The  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  may  be  converted  at  the  holder’s  option  up  to  the  second  scheduled  trading  day 

immediately before the maturity date of August 15, 2027 under the following circumstances:

•

•

•

•

•

during  any  calendar  quarter  (and  only  during  such  calendar  quarter)  commencing  after  the  calendar  quarter  ended 
September 30, 2022, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the 
conversion  price  for  each  of  at  least  20  trading  days,  whether  or  not  consecutive,  during  the  30  consecutive  trading 
days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter;

during  the  five  consecutive  business  days  immediately  after  any  10  consecutive  trading  day  period  (such  10 
consecutive  trading  day  period,  the  “Measurement  Period”)  in  which  the  trading  price  per  one  thousand  dollars 
principal amount of the 2.50% convertible senior notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 
98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock on such trading day and 
the conversion rate on such trading day;

upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s common stock described in the 
Convertible Notes Indenture;

if the Company calls the 2.50% convertible senior notes for redemption; and

at any time from, and including, May 15, 2027 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day 
immediately before the August 15, 2027 maturity date.

If  a  “fundamental  change”  (as  defined  in  the  Convertible  Notes  Indenture)  occurs,  then,  except  as  described  in  the 
Convertible Notes Indenture, holders of the 2.50% convertible senior notes may require the Company to repurchase their 2.50% 
convertible senior notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2.50% convertible senior notes to be 
repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the “fundamental change repurchase date” (as defined 
in the Convertible Notes Indenture).

The  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  may  be  redeemed,  in  whole  or  in  part  (subject  to  the  partial  redemption  limitation 
described in the Convertible Notes Indenture), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after August 
20, 2025 and on or before the 35th scheduled trading day immediately before August 15, 2027, at a cash redemption price equal 
to the principal amount of the 2.50% convertible senior notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but 
excluding, the redemption date, only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of 
the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days 
ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, and (ii) 
the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice.

As  of  both  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  none  of  the  conditions  permitting  holders  to  convert  their  2.50%  convertible 
senior  notes  had  been  satisfied,  and  no  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  had  been  issued  in  connection  with  any 
conversions of the 2.50% convertible senior notes.

The 2.50% convertible senior notes have no embedded features that required separate bifurcation under ASC Topic 815. As 
such,  the  2.50%  convertible  senior  notes  were  recorded  at  the  principal  amount,  net  of  unamortized  issuance  costs,  on  the 
Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of both September 30, 2023 and 2022.

92

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the net carrying value of the 2.50% convertible senior notes was $562.4 and $559.5, 

respectively, which included $12.6 and $15.5, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs.

The Company’s 2.50% convertible senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior, 
unsecured  basis,  by  each  of  the  Company’s  existing  domestic  subsidiaries  that  have  guaranteed  its  other  senior  notes,  which 
excludes certain immaterial subsidiaries, certain excluded subsidiaries and subsidiaries the Company designated as unrestricted 
subsidiaries, which include 8th Avenue and its subsidiaries. If, after the date the 2.50% convertible senior notes were issued, 
any domestic wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company guarantees any of the Company’s other debt securities the Company 
may  issue  in  the  form  of  senior  unsecured  notes  or  convertible  or  exchangeable  notes,  then  the  Company  will  cause  such 
subsidiary to become a guarantor under the 2.50% convertible senior notes as well. 

Other Senior Notes 

On  February  14,  2017,  the  Company  issued  $750.0  principal  value  of  5.75%  senior  notes  maturing  in  March  2027.  The 
5.75% senior notes were issued at par, and the Company received $739.5 after incurring investment banking and other fees and 
expenses of $10.5, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.75% senior notes. On 
August 10, 2017, the Company issued an additional $750.0 principal value of 5.75% senior notes. The additional 5.75% senior 
notes were issued at a price of 105.5% of par value, and the Company received $784.0 after incurring investment banking and 
other fees and expenses of $7.2, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.75% 
senior notes. The premium related to the additional 5.75% senior notes was recorded as an unamortized premium and is being 
amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of the 5.75% senior notes. Interest payments on the 5.75% senior 
notes are due semi-annually each March 1 and September 1.

On December 1, 2017, the Company issued $1,000.0 principal value of 5.625% senior notes maturing in January 2028. The 
5.625% senior notes were issued at par, and the Company received $990.6 after incurring investment banking and other fees 
and  expenses  of  $9.4,  which  were  deferred  and  are  being  amortized  to  interest  expense  over  the  term  of  the  5.625%  senior 
notes. Interest payments on the 5.625% senior notes are due semi-annually each January 15 and July 15.

On  July  3,  2019,  the  Company  issued  $750.0  principal  value  of  5.50%  senior  notes  maturing  in  December  2029.  The 
5.50% senior notes were issued at par, and the Company received $743.0 after incurring investment banking and other fees and 
expenses of $7.0, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 5.50% senior notes. On 
December  22,  2021,  the  Company  issued  an  additional  $500.0  principal  value  of  5.50%  senior  notes.  The  additional  5.50% 
senior  notes  were  issued  at  a  price  of  103.5%  of  par  value,  and  the  Company  received  $514.0  after  incurring  investment 
banking and other fees and expenses of $3.5, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of 
the 5.50% senior notes. The premium related to the additional 5.50% senior notes was recorded as an unamortized premium and 
is being amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of the 5.50% senior notes. Interest payments on the 5.50% 
senior notes are due semi-annually each June 15 and December 15.

On February 26, 2020, the Company issued $1,250.0 principal value of 4.625% senior notes maturing in April 2030. The 
4.625% senior notes were issued at par, and the Company received $1,241.0 after incurring investment banking and other fees 
and  expenses  of  $9.0,  which  were  deferred  and  are  being  amortized  to  interest  expense  over  the  term  of  the  4.625%  senior 
notes. On August 14, 2020, the Company issued an additional $400.0 principal value of 4.625% senior notes. The additional 
4.625% senior notes were issued at a price of 105.5% of par value, and the Company received $417.5 after incurring investment 
banking and other fees and expenses of $4.5 which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of 
the 4.625% senior notes. The premium related to the additional 4.625% senior notes was recorded as an unamortized premium 
and is being amortized as a reduction of interest expense over the term of the 4.625% senior notes. Interest payments on the 
4.625% senior notes are due semi-annually each April 15 and October 15.

On March 10, 2021, the Company issued $1,800.0 principal value of 4.50% senior notes maturing in September 2031. The 
4.50% senior notes were issued at par, and the Company received $1,783.2 after incurring investment banking and other fees 
and  expenses  of  $16.8,  which  were  deferred  and  are  being  amortized  to  interest  expense  over  the  term  of  the  4.50%  senior 
notes.  Interest  payments  on  the  4.50%  senior  notes  are  due  semi-annually  each  March  15  and  September  15.  With  the  net 
proceeds received from the issuance, the Company redeemed the outstanding principal balance of the Company’s previously 
held 5.00% senior notes maturing in August 2026. For additional information, see “Repayments of Debt” below.

All of the Company’s senior notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured 
basis by each of the Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries, other than immaterial subsidiaries and subsidiaries 
the  Company  designated  as  unrestricted  subsidiaries,  which  such  unrestricted  subsidiaries  includes  8th  Avenue  and  its 
subsidiaries. These guarantees are subject to release in certain circumstances.

Credit Agreement

On March 18, 2020, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (as amended, including by 
the First Joinder Agreement, the Second Joinder Agreement, the Third Joinder Agreement and the Fourth Joinder Agreement 

93

(as defined below), restated or amended and restated, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving 
credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $750.0 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), with the commitments thereunder to 
be made available to the Company in U.S. Dollars, Canadian Dollars, Euros and Pounds Sterling. Letters of credit are available 
under the Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount of up to $75.0. The Company incurred $3.6 of issuance costs in connection 
with entering into the initial Credit Agreement, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over the term 
of the Credit Agreement. 

As of both September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Revolving Credit Facility had outstanding letters of credit of $19.7, which 
reduced the available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility to $730.3. Any outstanding amounts under the 
Revolving Credit Facility must be repaid on or before March 18, 2025.

The Credit Agreement provides for potential incremental revolving and term facilities at the request of the Company and at 
the discretion of the lenders or other persons providing such incremental facilities, in each case on terms to be determined, and 
also permits the Company to incur other secured or unsecured debt, in all cases subject to conditions and limitations specified in 
the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement permits the Company to designate certain of its subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries and once so 
designated,  permits  the  disposition  of  (and  authorizes  the  release  of  liens  on)  the  assets  of,  and  the  equity  interests  in,  such 
unrestricted subsidiaries and permits the release of such unrestricted subsidiaries as guarantors under the Credit Agreement. The 
Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by its existing and subsequently acquired or 
organized domestic subsidiaries (other than immaterial subsidiaries, certain excluded subsidiaries and subsidiaries the Company 
designates as unrestricted subsidiaries, which include 8th Avenue and its subsidiaries) and are secured by security interests in 
substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of its subsidiary guarantors, but excluding, in each case, real property.

On September 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to change the reference interest 
rate applicable to revolving loan borrowings in Pounds Sterling from a Eurodollar rate-based rate to a rate based on the Sterling 
Overnight Index Average. 

On  December  17,  2021,  the  Company  entered  into  a  second  amendment  to  the  Credit  Agreement  to,  among  other 
provisions,  facilitate  the  BellRing  Spin-off.  The  amendment  also  amended  the  Credit  Agreement  to  change  the  reference 
interest rate applicable to revolving loan borrowings in U.S. Dollars from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) to a 
rate based on the adjusted term SOFR rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement). During the year ended September 30, 2022, the 
Company paid $0.4 of deferred financing fees in connection with the amendment.

Borrowings in U.S. Dollars under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at the option of the Company, at an annual 
rate equal to either (a) the adjusted term SOFR rate or (b) the base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the prime 
rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% per annum and (iii) the one-month adjusted term SOFR rate plus 1.00% per annum, 
in each case plus an applicable margin, which is determined by reference to the secured net leverage ratio (as defined in the 
Credit  Agreement),  with  the  applicable  margin  for  adjusted  term  SOFR  rate  loans  and  base  rate  loans  being  (i)  2.00%  and 
1.00%, respectively, if the secured net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 3.00:1.00, (ii) 1.75% and 0.75%, respectively, if 
the  secured  net  leverage  ratio  is  less  than  3.00:1.00  and  greater  than  or  equal  to  1.50:1.00  or  (iii)  1.50%  and  0.50%, 
respectively,  if  the  secured  net  leverage  ratio  is  less  than  1.50:1.00.  Commitment  fees  on  the  daily  unused  amount  of 
commitments  under  the  Revolving  Credit  Facility  accrue  at  a  rate  of  0.375%  if  the  Company’s  secured  net  leverage  ratio  is 
greater  than  3.00:1.00,  and  accrue  at  a  rate  of  0.25%  if  the  Company’s  secured  net  leverage  ratio  is  less  than  or  equal  to 
3.00:1.00.

The  Credit  Agreement  provides  for  customary  events  of  default,  including  material  breach  of  representations  and 
warranties, failure to make required payments, failure to comply with certain agreements or covenants, failure to pay or default 
under certain other indebtedness in excess of $100.0, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, inability to pay debts, the 
occurrence  of  one  or  more  unstayed  or  undischarged  judgments  in  excess  of  $100.0,  attachments  issued  against  all  or  any 
material  part  of  the  Company’s  property,  certain  events  under  the  Employee  Retirement  Income  Security  Act  of  1974 
(“ERISA”), a change of control (as defined in the Credit Agreement), the invalidity of any loan document and the failure of the 
collateral documents to create a valid and perfected first priority lien (subject to certain permitted liens). Upon the occurrence 
and during the continuance of an event of default, the maturity of the loans under the Credit Agreement may accelerate and the 
agent  and  lenders  under  the  Credit  Agreement  may  exercise  other  rights  and  remedies  available  at  law  or  under  the  loan 
documents, including with respect to the collateral and guarantees of the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement.

Fourth Incremental Term Loan

On April 26, 2023, the Company entered into a Joinder Agreement No. 4 (the “Fourth Joinder Agreement”) by and among 
the  Company,  as  borrower,  certain  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries,  as  guarantors,  the  institutions  party  to  the  Fourth  Joinder 
Agreement as lenders (the “Fourth Incremental Term Loan Lenders”) and Barclays Bank PLC, as the administrative agent. The 
Fourth Joinder Agreement provided for an incremental term loan (the “Fourth Incremental Term Loan”) of $400.0 under the 

94

Credit Agreement, which the Company borrowed in full on April 26, 2023. The Company incurred $1.9 of debt issuance costs 
in connection with the Fourth Incremental Term Loan, which were deferred and are being amortized to interest expense over 
the term of the Fourth Incremental Term Loan.

Interest on the Fourth Incremental Term Loan accrues, at the Company’s option, at the base rate (as defined in the Credit 
Agreement)  plus  1.25%  per  annum  or  the  adjusted  term  SOFR  rate  plus  2.25%  per  annum.  Interest  is  payable  quarterly  for 
loans bearing interest based upon the base rate and either monthly or every three months (depending on the applicable interest 
period) for loans bearing interest based upon the adjusted term SOFR rate. As of September 30, 2023, the interest rate on the 
Fourth Incremental Term Loan was 7.67%. 

The  maturity  date  for  the  Fourth  Incremental  Term  Loan  is  April  26,  2026.  The  Company  may  prepay  the  Fourth 
Incremental Term Loan in whole or in part, without premium or penalty (subject to reimbursement of the Fourth Incremental 
Term  Loan  Lenders’  breakage  costs  under  certain  circumstances).  The  Fourth  Joinder  Agreement  also  contains  mandatory 
prepayment provisions, including provisions for prepayment (a) from the net cash proceeds of certain debt incurrences, (b) of 
consolidated excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with certain adjustments for fiscal years beginning with the 
fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, which percentage shall be 50%, 25% or 0% depending on the Company’s secured net 
leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) at the end of such fiscal year and (c) from the net cash proceeds of certain 
asset  dispositions  in  excess  of  a  specified  threshold  to  the  extent  that  the  Company  has  not  reinvested  such  proceeds  in  its 
business within a period of time described in the Fourth Joinder Agreement. The mandatory prepayments also are subject to 
certain adjustments and credits described in the Fourth Joinder Agreement.

Municipal Bond

In  connection  with  the  construction  of  a  filtration  system  at  the  Company’s  potato  plant  in  Chaska,  Minnesota,  the 
Company incurred debt that guarantees the repayment of certain industrial revenue bonds used to finance the construction of the 
project.  Principal  payments  are  due  annually  on  March  1,  and  interest  payments  are  due  semi-annually  each  March  1  and 
September 1. The debt matures on March 1, 2028.

Repayments of Debt

On  June  27,  2022,  the  Company  commenced  a  modified  “Dutch  Auction”  tender  offer  to  purchase  up  to  $450.0  in 
aggregate cash consideration (excluding accrued interest) of its (i) 4.625% senior notes at a bid range of 81% to 88% of par and 
(ii) 4.50% senior notes at a bid range of 80% to 87% of par (collectively, the “Tender Offer”). The Tender Offer included a 
tender premium of 5% of par for holders who tendered their senior notes prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on July 11, 
2022  (the  “Tender  Premium”).  On  July  26,  2022,  the  Company  settled  the  Tender  Offer  and  purchased  $139.8  in  aggregate 
principal amount, or approximately 8%, of its outstanding 4.625% senior notes at 87% of par, including the Tender Premium, 
and  $381.8  in  aggregate  principal  amount,  or  approximately  22%,  of  its  outstanding  4.50%  senior  notes  at  86%  of  par, 
including the Tender Premium, for aggregate cash consideration of $450.0, excluding accrued interest and fees. The Company 
paid tender fees of $1.7 in connection with the Tender Offer, which were included in “(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, 
net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended September 30, 2022.

95

The following table presents the Company’s (i) principal repayments of debt, which, net of discounts, were included in the 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (ii) principal amounts of debt exchanged (refer to “Debt Transactions in Connection 
with BellRing” above), which were not included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iii) the associated (gain) 
loss  related  to  such  repayments  and  exchanges  included  in  “(Gain)  loss  on  extinguishment  of  debt,  net”  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations.

— 
(0.9) 

— 
— 

— 
(0.9) 

— 

(1.8) 
(0.2) 
(13.3) 
— 
— 

— 

(15.3) 

— 
— 
— 

(Gain) Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, net

Principal 
Amount 
Repaid

Principal 
Amount 
Exchanged

Debt Discounts 
(Received) / 
Premiums Paid

Write-off of Debt 
Issuance Costs /
 Tender Fees

Write-off of 
Unamortized 
Premiums

$ 

$ 

220.8  $ 
96.8 

1.0 
30.1 

—  $ 
— 

— 
99.9 

1.1 
349.8  $ 

— 
99.9  $ 

(31.5)  $ 
(11.4) 

— 
— 

— 
(42.9)  $ 

1.7  $ 
0.5 

— 
1.1 

— 
3.3  $ 

Debt Instrument

Year Ended September 30, 2023

4.50% senior notes
4.625% senior notes

5.625% senior notes
Third Incremental Term Loan

Municipal bond

Total

Year Ended September 30, 2022

4.50% senior notes

$ 

529.5  $ 

—  $ 

(74.7)  $ 

6.0  $ 

4.625% senior notes
5.50% senior notes
5.75% senior notes
First Incremental Term Loan
Second Incremental Term Loan

Municipal bond

Total

Year Ended September 30, 2021
5.00% senior notes 
Municipal bond

Total

167.8 
15.0 
840.0 
— 
107.7 

1.1 

— 
— 
— 
840.0 
342.3 

— 

(21.9) 
(1.2) 
24.1 
— 
— 

— 

1.1 
0.1 
5.0 
3.5 
0.7 

— 

$ 

1,661.1  $ 

1,182.3  $ 

(73.7)  $ 

16.4  $ 

$ 

$ 

1,697.3  $ 
1.0 
1,698.3  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

74.3  $ 
— 
74.3  $ 

18.9  $ 
— 
18.9  $ 

As of September 30, 2023, expected principal payments on the Company’s debt for the next five fiscal years were:

Fiscal 2024
Fiscal 2025
Fiscal 2026
Fiscal 2027 (a)
Fiscal 2028

$ 

1.1 
1.2 
401.2 
1,035.6 
940.4 

(a)

Includes principal payments of $575.0 related to the Company’s 2.50% convertible senior notes.

Estimated future interest payments on the Company’s debt through fiscal 2028 are expected to be $1,367.1 (with $305.9 

expected in fiscal 2024) based on interest rates as of September 30, 2023.

Debt Covenants

Under  the  terms  of  the  Credit  Agreement,  the  Company  is  required  to  comply  with  a  financial  covenant  consisting  of  a 
secured net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) not to exceed 4.25:1.00, measured as of the last day of any fiscal 
quarter, if, as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, the aggregate outstanding amount of all revolving credit loans, swing line 
loans  and  letter  of  credit  obligations  (subject  to  certain  exceptions  specified  in  the  Credit  Agreement)  exceeds  30%  of  the 
Company’s revolving credit commitments. In addition to the foregoing, under the terms of the Fourth Joinder Agreement, so 
long as any principal or accrued interest remains outstanding with respect to the Fourth Incremental Term Loan, the Company 
is required to comply with financial covenants consisting of the foregoing secured net leverage ratio as of the last day of each 

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
fiscal quarter and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of not less than 2.00 to 
1.00 measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with these 
financial covenants.

The  Credit  Agreement  provides  for  incremental  revolving  and  term  loan  facilities,  and  also  permits  other  secured  or 

unsecured debt, if, among other conditions, certain financial ratios are met, as defined and specified in the Credit Agreement.

NOTE 17 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings 

Antitrust Claims

In late 2008 and early 2009, approximately 22 class action lawsuits were filed in various federal courts against Michael 
Foods, Inc. (“MFI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and approximately 20 other defendants (producers of shell 
eggs and egg products and egg industry organizations), alleging violations of federal and state antitrust laws in connection with 
the  production  and  sale  of  shell  eggs  and  egg  products,  and  seeking  unspecified  damages.  All  cases  were  transferred  to  the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania for coordinated and/or consolidated pretrial proceedings.

The cases involved three plaintiff groups: (i) a nationwide class of direct purchasers of shell eggs (the “direct purchaser 
class”); (ii) individual companies (primarily large grocery chains and food companies that purchase considerable quantities of 
eggs)  that  opted  out  of  various  settlements  and  filed  their  own  complaints  related  to  their  purchases  of  shell  eggs  and  egg 
products (the “opt-out plaintiffs”); and (iii) indirect purchasers of shell eggs (the “indirect purchaser plaintiffs”). 

Resolution of this matter: (i) In December 2016, MFI settled all claims asserted against it by the direct purchaser class for a 
payment  of  $75.0,  which  was  approved  by  the  district  court  in  December  2017;  (ii)  in  January  2017,  MFI  settled  all  claims 
asserted against it by opt-out plaintiffs related to shell egg purchases on confidential terms; (iii) in June 2018, MFI settled all 
claims asserted against it by indirect purchaser plaintiffs on confidential terms; (iv) between June 2019 and September 2019, 
MFI individually settled on confidential terms egg product opt-out claims asserted against it by four separate opt-out plaintiffs; 
and  (v)  in  September  2022,  MFI  settled  the  remaining  pending  claims  for  this  matter,  which  had  sought  damages  based  on 
purchases of egg products by three opt-out plaintiffs, on confidential terms. 

MFI has at all times denied liability in this matter, and no settlement contains any admission of liability by MFI. During the 
year ended September 30, 2022, the Company expensed $13.8 related to the September 2022 settlement, which was included in 
“Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. No expense was recorded in the 
years ended September 30, 2023 or 2021 related to these matters and the Company had no accruals related to these matters as of 
September  30,  2023  or  2022.  Under  current  law,  any  settlement  paid,  including  the  settlements  with  the  direct  purchaser 
plaintiffs, the opt-out plaintiffs and the indirect purchaser plaintiffs, is deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Other

The  Company  is  subject  to  various  other  legal  proceedings  and  actions  arising  in  the  normal  course  of  business.  In  the 
opinion of management, based upon the information presently known, the ultimate liability, if any, arising from such pending 
legal proceedings, as well as from asserted legal claims and known potential legal claims which are likely to be asserted, taking 
into  account  established  accruals  for  estimated  liabilities  (if  any),  are  not  expected  to  be  material  individually  or  in  the 
aggregate to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. In addition, although it is 
difficult to estimate the potential financial impact of actions regarding expenditures for compliance with regulatory matters, in 
the opinion of management, based upon the information currently available, the ultimate liability arising from such compliance 
matters  is  not  expected  to  be  material  to  the  consolidated  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  or  cash  flows  of  the 
Company.

Bob Evans Lease Guarantees

Historically,  Bob  Evans  Farms,  Inc.  (“Bob  Evans”)  guaranteed  certain  payment  and  performance  obligations  associated 
with the leases for 143 properties (the “Guarantees”) leased by the restaurant business formerly owned by Bob Evans (the “Bob 
Evans Restaurant Business”). The Guarantees remained in effect following the Company’s acquisition of Bob Evans in 2018, 
but have subsequently been adjusted to apply only to 130 properties. In the event the Bob Evans Restaurant Business fails to 
meet  its  payment  and  performance  obligations  under  these  leases,  subject  in  certain  cases  to  certain  early  termination 
allowances,  the  Company  may  be  required  to  make  rent  and  other  payments  to  the  landlord  under  the  requirements  of  the 
Guarantees.  Should  the  Company,  as  guarantor  of  the  lease  obligations,  be  required  to  make  all  lease  payments  due  for  the 
remaining terms of the leases subsequent to September 30, 2023, the maximum amount the Company may be required to pay is 
equal to the annual rent amount for the remainder of the lease terms. The current annual rent on these leases is $13.1 and will 
increase up to 1.5% annually based on indexed inflation. The lease terms for the majority of the leases extend for approximately 
14 years from September 30, 2023, and the Guarantees would remain in effect in the event the leases are extended for a renewal 

97

period.  In  the  event  the  Company  is  obligated  to  make  payments  under  any  of  the  Guarantees,  the  Company  believes  its 
exposure  is  limited  due  to  protections  and  recourse  available  in  the  leases  associated  with  the  leased  properties,  including  a 
requirement  of  the  applicable  landlord  to  mitigate  damages  by  re-letting  the  properties  in  default.  While  the  COVID-19 
pandemic impacted the restaurants industry generally, including the Bob Evans Restaurant Business, the Bob Evans Restaurant 
Business was able to amend certain of its leases during fiscal 2020 in order to ensure that it continued to meet its obligations 
under these leases, and there is no indication that the obligations will not continue to be met. As such, the Company believes the 
fair value of the Guarantees is immaterial as of September 30, 2023.

NOTE 18 — PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

The Company maintains qualified defined benefit plans in the U.S., the U.K. and Canada for certain employees primarily 
within its Post Consumer Brands and Weetabix segments. Certain of the Company’s employees are eligible to participate in the 
Company’s postretirement benefit plans (partially subsidized retiree health and life insurance). The following disclosures reflect 
amounts  related  to  the  Company’s  employees  based  on  separate  actuarial  valuations,  projections  and  certain  allocations. 
Amounts for the Canadian plans are included in the North America disclosures and are not disclosed separately because they do 
not  constitute  a  significant  portion  of  the  combined  amounts.  With  respect  to  defined  benefits  for  Canadian  Post  Consumer 
Brands  employees,  eligibility  is  frozen  to  new  entrants  and  benefit  accrual  is  frozen  for  salaried  employees.  With  respect  to 
defined benefits for U.S. Post Consumer Brands employees, eligibility is frozen to new employees and the benefit accrual is 
frozen for all administrative employees and certain production employees. The benefit accrual is frozen for salaried Weetabix 
North America employees in the U.S. With respect to Weetabix employees in the U.K. participating in the executive and group 
schemes of the defined benefit pension plans, the plans are closed to new entrants and the benefit accrual is frozen with respect 
to existing participants.

98

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The  following  table  provides  a  reconciliation  of  the  changes  in  the  pension  plans’  benefit  obligations  and  fair  value  of 
assets over the two year period ended September 30, 2023 and a statement of the funded status and amounts recognized on the 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Plan participants’ contributions
Net actuarial gain
Benefits paid
Currency translation
Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in fair value of plan assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
Actual return on plan assets
Employer contributions
Plan participants’ contributions
Benefits paid
Currency translation
Other
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
Funded status

Amounts recognized in assets or liabilities
Other assets
Other liabilities
Net amount recognized

Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI
Net actuarial (gain) loss 
Prior service cost
Total

North America
As of and for the Year 
Ended September 30,
2022
2023

Other International
As of and for the Year 
Ended September 30,
2022
2023

$ 

$ 

95.5 
2.2 
5.3 
0.3 
(5.4) 
(5.4) 
0.1 
92.6 

$  102.9 
10.1 
0.1 
0.3 
(5.4) 
0.2 
— 
108.2 
15.6 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

15.9 
(0.3) 
15.6 

(2.7) 
0.4 
(2.3) 

$  133.3 
4.3 
3.5 
0.4 
(38.9) 
(5.9) 
(1.2) 
95.5 

$ 

$  136.6 
(27.1) 
0.4 
0.4 
(5.9) 
(1.5) 
— 
102.9 
7.4 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

7.7 
(0.3) 
7.4 

5.0 
0.6 
5.6 

$  421.1 
— 
23.3 
— 
(37.5) 
(25.9) 
41.0 
$  422.0 

$  507.3 
(14.3) 
— 
— 
(25.9) 
49.4 
(0.1) 
516.4 
94.4 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

94.4 
— 
94.4 

47.7 
10.3 
58.0 

$  821.3 
— 
15.7 
— 
(251.6) 
(28.4) 
(135.9) 
$  421.1 

$  970.9 
(273.0) 
— 
— 
(28.4) 
(162.1) 
(0.1) 
507.3 
86.2 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

86.2 
— 
86.2 

40.2 
10.7 
50.9 

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit 
obligation
Discount rate — U.S. plans
Discount rate — Canadian plans
Discount rate — Other international plans
Rate of compensation increase — U.S. plans
Rate of compensation increase — Canadian plans
Rate of compensation increase — Other international plans

 6.06 %
 5.68 %
n/a
 3.00 %
 2.75 %
n/a

 5.65 %
 5.12 %
n/a
 3.00 %
 2.75 %
n/a

n/a
n/a
 5.67 %
n/a
n/a
 3.02 %

n/a
n/a
 5.15 %
n/a
n/a
 3.85 %

The fair value of plan assets for the North America and Other International pension plans exceeded the accumulated benefit 
obligation at September 30, 2023 and 2022. The aggregate accumulated benefit obligation for the North America pension plans 
was $91.8 and $94.6 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The aggregate accumulated benefit obligation for the Other 
International pension plans was $422.0 and $418.9 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following tables present the components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for the pension plans including amounts 
recognized in OCI. Service cost was reported in “Cost of goods sold” and “Selling, general and administrative expenses” and 

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
all other components of net periodic benefit (income) cost were reported in “Other income, net” in the Consolidated Statements 
of Operations. 

North America
Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Components of net periodic benefit (income) cost
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss
Recognized prior service cost
Net periodic benefit (income) cost

$ 

$ 

2.2 
5.3 
(7.5) 
(0.2) 
0.1 
(0.1) 

$ 

$ 

4.3 
3.5 
(7.0) 
1.6 
0.1 
2.5 

$ 

$ 

3.9 
3.2 
(6.4) 
2.4 
0.1 
3.2 

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit (income) cost
Discount rate — U.S. plans
Discount rate — Canadian plans
Rate of compensation increase — U.S. plans
Rate of compensation increase — Canadian plans
Expected return on plan assets — U.S. plans
Expected return on plan assets — Canadian plans

 5.65 %
 5.12 %
 3.00 %
 2.75 %
 6.50 %
 5.75 %

 3.05 %
 3.32 %
 3.00 %
 2.75 %
 5.75 %
 5.25 %

 3.01 %
 2.71 %
 3.00 %
 2.75 %
 5.40 %
 5.25 %

Changes in plan assets and benefit obligation recognized in OCI
Net gain
Recognized gain (loss)
Prior service cost (a)
Recognized prior service cost
Total recognized in OCI (before tax effects)

$ 

$ 

(8.0) 
0.2 
— 
(0.1) 
(7.9) 

$ 

$ 

(4.7) 
(1.6) 
— 
(0.1) 
(6.4) 

$ 

$ 

(14.5) 
(2.4) 
0.5 
(0.1) 
(16.5) 

(a) Amounts  reported  for  the  year  ended  September  30,  2021  represent  the  impact  of  fiscal  2020  union  negotiations  that  were  ratified 

subsequent to September 30, 2020.

Other International
Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Components of net periodic benefit income
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Recognized net actuarial loss
Recognized prior service cost
Net periodic benefit income

$ 

$ 

23.3 
(30.8) 
0.1 
0.4 
(7.0) 

$ 

$ 

15.7 
(24.8) 
— 
0.4 
(8.7) 

$ 

$ 

15.2 
(24.9) 
— 
0.5 
(9.2) 

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit income
Discount rate 
Rate of compensation increase
Expected return on plan assets

 5.15 %
 3.85 %
 5.63 %

 2.05 %
 3.45 %
 2.73 %

 1.73 %
 2.65 %
 2.38 %

Changes in plan assets and benefit obligation recognized in OCI
Net loss
Recognized loss
Recognized prior service cost
Total recognized in OCI (before tax effects)

$ 

$ 

7.6 
(0.1) 
(0.4) 
7.1 

$ 

$ 

46.2 
— 
(0.4) 
45.8 

$ 

$ 

26.4 
— 
(0.5) 
25.9 

The Company expects to make contributions of $0.3 and zero to its defined benefit North America and Other International 

pension plans, respectively, during fiscal 2024.

100

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The expected return on North America pension plan assets was determined based on historical and expected future returns 
of the various asset classes, using the target allocation. The broad target allocations are 57.7% equity securities, 38.0% fixed 
income and bonds, 3.3% real assets and 1.0% cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2023, equity securities were 64.7%, 
fixed income and bonds were 30.2%, real assets were 1.3% and cash and cash equivalents were 3.8% of the fair value of total 
plan assets, 96.8% of which was invested in passive index funds. At September 30, 2022, equity securities were 54.5%, fixed 
income and bonds were 33.9%, real assets were 2.9% and cash and cash equivalents were 8.7% of the fair value of total plan 
assets, 91.9% of which was invested in passive index funds. The allocation guidelines were established based on management’s 
determination of the appropriate risk posture and long-term objectives.

The  expected  return  on  Other  International  pension  plan  assets  was  determined  based  on  historical  and  expected  future 
returns of the various asset classes, using the target allocation. The broad target allocations are 71.6% fixed income and bonds, 
27.7% liability driven investments, 0.6% real assets and 0.1% cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2023, fixed income 
and bonds were 75.2%, liability driven investments were 21.4% and cash and cash equivalents were 3.4% of the fair value of 
total plan assets, 23.7% of which was invested in passive index funds. At September 30, 2022, fixed income and bonds were 
78.8%,  liability  driven  investments  were  18.7%,  real  assets  were  0.4%  and  cash  and  cash  equivalents  were  2.1%  of  the  fair 
value of total plan assets, 20.2% of which was invested in passive index funds. The allocation guidelines were established by 
the trustees of the plan based on their determination of the appropriate risk posture and long-term objectives after consulting 
with management.

The following tables present the North America and Other International pension plans’ assets measured at fair value on a 
recurring basis and the basis for that measurement. The fair value of funds is based on quoted NAV per share held by the plans 
at year end.

North America

Equities
Fixed income and bonds
Cash and cash equivalents

Fair value of plan assets in the fair value hierarchy

Equities
Fixed income and bonds
Real assets

Investments measured at NAV (a)

Total plan assets

Fixed income and bonds
Liability driven instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Fair value of plan assets in the fair value hierarchy

Fixed income and bonds
Liability driven instruments
Real assets

Investments measured at NAV (a)

Total plan assets

Total

September 30, 2023
Level 2
Level 1
$  11.9  $  —  $  11.9 
5.2 
— 
— 
4.1 
17.1 
4.1 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
4.1  $  17.1 

5.2 
4.1 
21.2 
58.1 
27.6 
1.3 
87.0 
$  108.2  $ 

Total

September 30, 2022
Level 2
Level 1
$  11.0  $  —  $  11.0 
5.0 
— 
— 
8.9 
16.0 
8.9 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
8.9  $  16.0 

5.0 
8.9 
24.9 
45.1 
29.9 
3.0 
78.0 
$  102.9  $ 

Other International

Total

September 30, 2023
Level 2
Level 1
$  280.4  $  280.4  $  — 
— 
91.6 
— 
17.4 
— 
  389.4 
— 
  107.8 
— 
19.2 
— 
— 
  127.0 
— 
$  516.4  $  389.4  $  — 

91.6 
17.4 
  389.4 
— 
— 
— 
— 

Total

September 30, 2022
Level 2
Level 1
$  321.3  $  321.3  $  — 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
$  507.3  $  409.8  $  — 

77.9 
10.6 
  409.8 
— 
— 
— 
— 

77.9 
10.6 
  409.8 
78.5 
16.9 
2.1 
97.5 

(a)

In accordance with ASC Topic 820, certain investments were measured at NAV. In cases where the fair value was measured at NAV 
using the practical expedient provided for in ASC Topic 820, the investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The 
fair value amounts presented in these tables are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the tables above.

101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Postretirement Benefits

The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the North America other postretirement benefit obligations 
over  the  two  year  period  ended  September  30,  2023  and  a  statement  of  the  funded  status  and  amounts  recognized  on  the 
Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  as  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022.  Besides  the  North  America  plans,  the  Company  does  not 
maintain any other postretirement benefit plans.

Change in benefit obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Net actuarial gain
Benefits paid
Currency translation
Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in fair value of plan assets
Employer contributions
Benefits paid
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
Funded status

Amounts recognized in assets or liabilities
Other current liabilities
Other liabilities
Net amount recognized

Amounts recognized in accumulated OCI
Net actuarial loss
Prior service credit
Total

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation
Discount rate — U.S. plans
Discount rate — Canadian plans
Rate of compensation increase — Canadian plans

As of and for the Year 
Ended September 30,
2022
2023

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

48.3 
0.3 
2.5 
(3.0) 
(2.3) 
— 
45.8 

2.3 
(2.3) 
— 
(45.8) 

(3.3) 
(42.5) 
(45.8) 

(11.7) 
(0.7) 
(12.4) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

66.5 
0.5 
1.5 
(17.4) 
(2.3) 
(0.5) 
48.3 

2.3 
(2.3) 
— 
(48.3) 

(3.0) 
(45.3) 
(48.3) 

(9.2) 
(5.4) 
(14.6) 

 6.01 %
 5.67 %
 2.75 %

 5.62 %
 5.12 %
 2.75 %

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  presents  the  components  of  net  periodic  benefit  income  for  the  other  postretirement  benefit  plans 
including  amounts  recognized  in  OCI.  Service  cost  was  reported  in  “Cost  of  goods  sold”  and  “Selling,  general  and 
administrative expenses” and all other components of net periodic benefit income were reported in “Other income, net” in the 
Consolidated Statements of Operations. 

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Components of net periodic benefit income
Service cost
Interest cost
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss
Recognized prior service credit
Net periodic benefit income

$ 

$ 

0.3 
2.5 
(0.5) 
(4.7) 
(2.4) 

$ 

$ 

0.5 
1.5 
0.6 
(4.6) 
(2.0) 

$ 

$ 

0.5 
1.5 
1.1 
(4.7) 
(1.6) 

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit income
Discount rate — U.S. plans
Discount rate — Canadian plans
Rate of compensation increase — Canadian plans

 5.62 %
 5.12 %
 2.75 %

 2.89 %
 3.45 %
 2.75 %

 2.79 %
 2.78 %
 2.75 %

Changes in benefit obligation recognized in OCI
Net gain
Recognized net actuarial gain (loss)
Recognized prior service credit
Total recognized in OCI (before tax effects)

$ 

$ 

(3.0) 
0.5 
4.7 
2.2 

$ 

$ 

(17.5) 
(0.6) 
4.6 
(13.5) 

$ 

$ 

(4.3) 
(1.1) 
4.7 
(0.7) 

For September 30, 2023 measurement purposes, the assumed annual rate of increase in the future per capita cost of covered 
health care benefits related to domestic plans for fiscal 2024 was 6.5% for participants both under the age of 65 and over the 
age of 65, declining gradually to an ultimate rate of 5.0% for fiscal 2030 and beyond. For September 30, 2022 measurement 
purposes, the assumed annual rate of increase in the future per capita cost of covered health care benefits related to domestic 
plans  for  fiscal  2023  was  6.3%  for  participants  both  under  the  age  of  65  and  over  the  age  of  65,  declining  gradually  to  an 
ultimate rate of 5.0% for fiscal 2028 and beyond. For both September 30, 2023 and 2022 measurement purposes, the assumed 
annual rate of increase in the future per capita cost of covered health care benefits related to Canadian plans for the following 
fiscal year was 4.5%, and will remain at this rate for 2024 and beyond. 

Additional Information

As of September 30, 2023, expected future benefit payments and related federal subsidy receipts (Medicare Part D) in the 

next ten fiscal years were:

Fiscal 2024
Fiscal 2025
Fiscal 2026
Fiscal 2027
Fiscal 2028
Fiscal 2029 - 2033

Pension 
Benefits
$ 

Other 
Benefits

Subsidy 
Receipts
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.2 
1.1 

3.5  $ 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
3.5 
17.8 

26.7  $ 
27.6 
28.9 
30.1 
30.7 
172.2 

In addition to the defined benefit plans described above, the Company sponsors a defined contribution 401(k) plan under 
which  it  makes  matching  contributions.  The  Company  expensed  $21.4,  $19.6  and  $19.9  for  the  years  ended  September  30, 
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to such plan. 

NOTE 19 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Long-Term Incentive Plans

The Company’s employees participate in various Company long-term incentive plans (the “Long-Term Incentive Plans”). 
On  January  27,  2022,  the  Company’s  shareholders  approved  the  2021  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan  (the  “2021  Plan”),  which 
permits the issuance of stock-based compensation awards of up to 2.4 million shares, plus shares remaining to be issued under 
the 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan (including any shares assumed thereunder from the 2016 and 2012 Long-Term Incentive 

103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plans)  which  were  transferred  to  the  2021  Plan  upon  its  effectiveness  as  well  as  shares  underlying  awards  previously  issued 
under any of the Long-Term Incentive Plans which awards are later forfeited. Awards issued under the Long-Term Incentive 
Plans have a maximum term of 10 years.

Total compensation cost for the Company’s cash and non-cash stock-based compensation awards recognized in the years 
ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $77.8, $66.4 and $49.7, respectively, and the related recognized deferred tax 
benefit  for  each  of  those  periods  was  approximately  $10.5,  $9.1  and  $5.8,  respectively.  As  of  September  30,  2023,  the  total 
compensation cost related to Post’s non-vested awards not yet recognized was $77.2, which is expected to be recognized over a 
weighted-average period of 1.3 years. 

BellRing Spin-off

In  connection  with  the  BellRing  Spin-off,  adjustments  were  made  to  the  terms  of  outstanding  equity-based  awards  (the 
“Equity  Awards”)  to  preserve  the  intrinsic  value  of  the  Equity  Awards  and  to  participants’  accounts  under  the  deferred 
compensation  plans  maintained  by  the  Company  with  respect  to  notional  investments  in  Post  common  stock  (the  “Deferred 
Compensation  Accounts”).  The  adjustments  to  the  Equity  Awards  and  Deferred  Compensation  Accounts  were  based  on  the 
volume  weighted  average  price  of  a  share  of  Post  common  stock  during  the  five  trading  day  period  prior  to  and  including 
March 10, 2022 and the volume weighted average price of a share of Post common stock during the five trading day period 
immediately following March 10, 2022.

The adjustments to the Equity Awards and Deferred Compensation Accounts had an immaterial impact on the Company’s 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. 

Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”)

$ in millions, except price per share
Outstanding at September 30, 2022

Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Outstanding at September 30, 2023

Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2023
Exercisable at September 30, 2023

SARs

81,554  $ 
— 
(29,656) 
— 
— 
51,898 

51,898 
51,898 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per 
Share

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

33.42 

28.28 

36.35 

36.35 
36.35 

$ 

1.23

1.23
1.23

2.6 

2.6 
2.6 

Upon  exercise  of  each  SAR,  the  holder  will  receive  the  number  of  shares  of  Post  common  stock  equal  in  value  to  the 
difference  between  the  exercise  price  and  the  fair  market  value  at  the  date  of  exercise,  less  all  applicable  taxes.  The  total 
intrinsic  value  of  SARs  exercised  was  $1.9,  $3.0  and  $3.2  during  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively. There were no SARs granted during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 or 2021.

Stock Options

$ in millions, except price per share
Outstanding at September 30, 2022

Stock Options

1,011,315  $ 

Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Expired

Outstanding at September 30, 2023

Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2023
Exercisable at September 30, 2023

— 
(262,607) 
— 
— 
748,708 

748,708 
748,708 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Per 
Share

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

48.75 
— 
39.57 
— 
— 
51.96 

51.96 
51.96 

$ 

3.63

3.63
3.63

25.3 

25.3 
25.3 

The fair value of each stock option was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes Model. The Company used the 
simplified  method  for  estimating  a  stock  option  term  as  it  did  not  have  sufficient  historical  stock  option  exercise  experience 

104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
upon which to estimate an expected term. The expected term was estimated based on the award’s vesting period and contractual 
term. Expected volatilities were based on historical volatility trends and other factors. The risk-free rate was the interpolated 
U.S. Treasury rate for a term equal to the expected term. There were no stock options granted during the years ended September 
30, 2023, 2022 or 2021.

The  total  intrinsic  value  of  stock  options  exercised  was  $14.1,  $14.1  and  $46.4  in  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company received proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $3.9, $4.9 and $7.6 during 
the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

Nonvested at September 30, 2022

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at September 30, 2023

Weighted-
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value Per 
Share

68.38 
90.85 
67.34 
74.06 
79.99 

RSUs
1,348,806  $ 
526,035 
(763,124) 
(51,485) 
1,060,232 

The  grant  date  fair  value  of  each  RSU  award  was  determined  based  upon  the  closing  price  of  the  Company’s  common 
stock on the date of grant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of nonvested RSUs was $79.99, $68.38 and $97.23 at 
September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The total vest date fair value of RSUs that vested during fiscal 2023, 2022 
and 2021 was $68.9, $35.1 and $49.8, respectively.

Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units (“Cash RSUs”)

Nonvested at September 30, 2022

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at September 30, 2023

Weighted-
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value Per 
Share

Cash RSUs

29,063  $ 
— 
(16,015) 
— 
13,048 

34.68 
— 
34.68 
— 
34.68 

At September 30, 2023, the 13,048 nonvested Cash RSUs were valued at the greater of the Company’s closing stock price 
or  the  grant  price  of  $34.68.  Cash  used  by  the  Company  to  settle  Cash  RSUs  was  $1.4,  $1.1  and  $1.1  for  the  years  ended 
September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Earnings-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units (“Earnings PRSUs”)

Nonvested at September 30, 2022

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at September 30, 2023

Weighted-
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value Per 
Share

Earnings 
PRSUs

272,427  $ 
142,939 
(148,531) 
(7,293) 
259,542 

70.46 
94.09
70.36 
83.83 
83.20 

105

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted Earnings PRSUs to certain employees. 
These awards will be earned based on reaching certain earnings-based targets over a period ranging from one to three years. 
The  grant  date  fair  value  of  each  Earnings  PRSU  award  was  determined  based  upon  the  closing  price  of  the  Company’s 
common  stock  on  the  date  of  grant  and  the  assumption  that  the  Company  would  meet  the  full  earnings-based  targets.  The 
Company  reassesses  the  probability  of  achieving  the  earnings-based  targets  each  quarterly  reporting  period  and  adjusts 
compensation cost accordingly. The weighted-average grant date fair value of nonvested Earnings PRSUs was $83.20, $70.46 
and $98.33 at September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The total vest date fair value of Earnings PRSUs that vested 
during the year ended September 30, 2023 was $14.1. No Earnings PRSUs vested during the years ended September 30, 2022 
or 2021.

Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Units (“Market PRSUs”)

Nonvested at September 30, 2022

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at September 30, 2023

Weighted-
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value Per 
Share

Market 
PRSUs

374,402  $ 
142,843 
— 
(23,140) 
494,105 

106.10 
156.05 
— 
102.95 
120.69 

The total vest date fair value of Market PRSUs that vested during fiscal 2022 and 2021 was $6.6 and $3.9, respectively. No 

Market PRSUs vested during the year ended September 30, 2023. 

During the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted Market PRSUs to certain employees, 
which will be earned by comparing Post’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) during a three year period to the respective TSRs of 
companies  in  a  performance  peer  group.  Based  upon  Post’s  ranking  in  its  performance  peer  group  when  comparing  TSRs,  a 
recipient of a Market PRSU grant may earn a total award ranging from 0% to 260% of the target award. The fair value of each 
Market PRSU was estimated on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation. The weighted-average assumptions for Market 
PRSUs granted during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are summarized in the table below. 

Expected term (in years)
Expected stock price volatility
Risk-free interest rate
Expected dividends
Fair value (per Market PRSU)

Deferred Compensation

2023
3.0
29.1%
4.1%
0%
$156.05

2022
3.0
27.7%
0.9%
0%
$163.63

2021
3.0
28.3%
0.2%
0%
$152.58

Post provides deferred compensation plans for directors and key employees through which eligible participants may elect 
to defer payment of all or a portion of their compensation, and, with respect to key employee participants, all or a portion of 
their eligible annual bonus, until a later date based on the participant’s elections. Participant deferrals for employee and director 
participants  may  be  notionally  invested  in  Post  common  stock  equivalents  (the  “Equity  Option”)  or  into  a  number  of  funds 
operated by The Vanguard Group Inc. with a variety of investment strategies and objectives (the “Vanguard Funds”). In order 
to receive a 33.3% matching contribution, deferrals for director participants must be made into the Equity Option. Deferrals into 
the Equity Option are generally distributed in Post common stock for employees and cash for directors, while deferrals into the 
Vanguard  Funds  are  distributed  in  cash.  There  are  no  significant  costs  related  to  the  administration  of  the  deferred 
compensation plans. Post funds its deferred compensation liability (potential cash distributions) by investing in the Vanguard 
Funds  in  substantially  the  same  amounts  as  selected  by  the  participating  employees.  Both  realized  and  unrealized  gains  and 
losses on these investments are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of 
Operations and offset the related change in the deferred compensation liability. For additional information regarding deferred 
compensation, see Note 14.

106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTE 20 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following table summarizes the Company’s repurchases of its common stock.

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Shares repurchased (in millions)

Average price per share (a)

Total share repurchase costs (b)

4.4 

4.9 

4.0 

$ 

$ 

87.13  $ 

90.02  $ 

98.37 

387.1  $ 

439.0  $ 

393.7 

(a) Average price per share excludes broker’s commissions, which are included in “Total share repurchase costs” within this table. Average 
price  per  share  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2022  was  $103.79  prior  to  the  BellRing  Spin-off  and  $81.53  subsequent  to  the 
BellRing Spin-off.

(b) “Purchases of treasury stock” in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended September 30, 2022 included $4.0 of 
repurchases of common stock that were accrued in fiscal 2021 but did not settle until fiscal 2022. “Purchases of treasury stock” in the 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended September 30, 2021 included $7.4 of repurchases of common stock that were 
accrued in fiscal 2020 but did not settle until fiscal 2021.

On  April  28,  2023,  the  Company  completed  the  Pet  Food  acquisition  (see  Note  6).  The  purchase  price  included  the 
issuance of 5.4 million shares of Post common stock to Smucker. The shares of Post common stock were valued based on the 
price of Post’s common stock for total stock consideration of $492.3. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds from the 
issuance of the shares of Post common stock to Smucker.

The  Company  may,  from  time  to  time,  enter  into  common  stock  structured  repurchase  arrangements  with  financial 
institutions using general corporate funds. Under such arrangements, the Company pays a fixed sum of cash upon execution of 
each  agreement  in  exchange  for  the  right  to  receive  either  a  predetermined  amount  of  cash  or  Post  common  stock.  Upon 
expiration  of  each  agreement,  if  the  closing  market  price  of  Post’s  common  stock  is  above  the  predetermined  price,  the 
Company will have the initial investment returned with a premium in cash. If the closing market price of Post’s common stock 
is  at  or  below  the  predetermined  price,  the  Company  will  receive  the  number  of  shares  specified  in  the  agreement.  The 
Company  settled  a  structured  share  repurchase  arrangement  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2021  and  received  cash 
payments of $47.5, which were recorded as “Cash received from share repurchase contracts” in the Consolidated Statements of 
Cash Flows for the year ended September 30, 2021.

NOTE 21 — SEGMENTS

At  September  30,  2023,  the  Company  managed  and  reported  operating  results  through  the  following  four  reportable 

segments:

Post Consumer Brands: North American RTE cereal, pet food and nut butters; 

•
• Weetabix: primarily U.K. RTE cereal, muesli and protein-based shakes;
•
•

Foodservice: primarily egg and potato products; and
Refrigerated Retail: primarily side dish, egg, cheese and sausage products.

Due  to  the  level  of  integration  between  the  Foodservice  and  Refrigerated  Retail  segments,  it  is  impracticable  to  present 
additions to property and intangibles and total assets separately for each segment. An allocation has been made between the two 
segments for depreciation based on inventory costing.

Amounts  reported  for  Corporate  in  the  table  below  include  any  amounts  attributable  to  PHPC  prior  to  the  PHPC 

Redemption (see Note 5). 

Management evaluates each segment’s performance based on its segment profit, which for all segments is its earnings/loss 
before  income  taxes  and  equity  method  earnings/loss  before  impairment  of  property,  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets, 
facility  closure  related  costs,  restructuring  expenses,  gain/loss  on  assets  and  liabilities  held  for  sale,  gain/loss  on  sale  of 
businesses and facilities, gain on/adjustment to bargain purchase, interest expense and other unallocated corporate income and 
expenses. 

In  fiscal  2023,  2022  and  2021,  Post’s  revenues  were  primarily  generated  by  sales  within  the  U.S.;  foreign  sales  were 
11.0%, 12.5% and 14.3% of total net sales, respectively. The largest concentration of foreign sales was within the U.K., which 
accounted for 54.0%, 52.9% and 54.6% of total foreign sales in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales are attributed to 
individual countries based on the address to which the product is shipped.

107

 
 
 
As  of  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the  majority  of  Post’s  tangible  long-lived  assets  were  located  in  the  U.S.;  the 
remainder were located primarily in the U.K. and Canada, which combined have a net carrying value of approximately $280.9 
and $253.6, respectively. 

In the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, one customer, including its affiliates, accounted for 17.3%, 14.4% 
and 15.9%, respectively, of Post’s total net sales. All segments, except Foodservice, sold products to this major customer or its 
affiliates. 

The following tables present information about the Company’s reportable segments. In addition, the tables present net sales 

by product. Note that additions to property and intangibles exclude additions through business acquisitions (see Note 6).

Year Ended September 30,
2022

2021

2023

Net Sales

Post Consumer Brands

Weetabix
Foodservice
Refrigerated Retail

Eliminations and Corporate

Total
Segment Profit

Post Consumer Brands

Weetabix

Foodservice

Refrigerated Retail

Total segment profit

General corporate expenses and other

Impairment of goodwill

Interest expense, net

(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, net

Income on swaps, net

Gain on investment in BellRing

Earnings before income taxes and equity method loss
Net sales by product

Cereal
Eggs and egg products
Side dishes (including potato products)
Pet food
Cheese and dairy
Sausage
Nut butters
Protein-based products
Other
Eliminations

Total

Additions to property and intangibles

Post Consumer Brands
Weetabix

Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail

Corporate (a)

Total

$  3,033.1  $  2,242.7  $  1,915.3 

512.1 
2,425.9 
1,019.7 

0.2 

477.3 
2,095.0 
1,036.6 

477.5 
1,615.6 
974.5 

(0.4) 

(2.2) 

$  6,991.0  $  5,851.2  $  4,980.7 

$ 

378.8  $ 

314.6  $ 

73.9 

349.5 

69.2 

871.4 

222.7 

42.2 

279.1 

(40.5) 

(39.9) 

(5.1) 

109.5 

151.0 

57.1 

632.2 

196.8 

— 

317.8 

(72.6) 

(268.0) 

(437.1) 

316.6 

115.4 

61.7 

75.9 

569.6 

52.6 

— 

332.6 

93.2 

(122.8) 

— 

$ 

412.9  $ 

895.3  $ 

214.0 

$  2,730.8  $  2,595.0  $  2,333.3 
1,556.1 
575.0 
— 
223.0 
165.9 
58.7 
— 
70.9 
(2.2) 
$  6,991.0  $  5,851.2  $  4,980.7 

2,304.0 
732.0 
679.8 
191.5 
163.6 
100.5 
34.1 
55.4 
(0.7) 

2,026.1 
652.4 
— 
214.3 
171.2 
111.7 
12.9 
68.5 
(0.9) 

$ 

112.8  $ 

30.1 

144.0 

24.2 

91.2  $ 
26.7 

136.1 

20.8 

81.2 
19.6 

89.7 

0.4 

$ 

311.1  $ 

274.8  $ 

190.9 

108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization

Post Consumer Brands

Weetabix
Foodservice

Refrigerated Retail

Total segment depreciation and amortization

Corporate
Total

Assets

Post Consumer Brands
Weetabix

Foodservice and Refrigerated Retail
Corporate

Total assets

$ 

157.3  $ 

133.1  $ 

35.9 
128.7 

76.1 
398.0 

37.5 
127.5 

78.4 
376.5 

9.1 
407.1  $ 

3.7 
380.2  $ 

$ 

122.0 

39.0 
126.0 

75.5 
362.5 

4.0 
366.5 

September 30,

2023

2022

$  4,782.2  $  3,529.1 
1,591.3 

1,737.8 

4,921.6 
205.1 

5,022.7 
1,164.9 
$  11,646.7  $  11,308.0 

(a) During  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  had  non-cash  exchanges  of  fixed  assets  of  $8.1  and  $19.5, 

respectively, which were included in the Corporate additions to property and intangibles.

NOTE 22 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 7, 2023, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets of Perfection 
Pet Foods, LLC (“Perfection”) for $235.0, subject to working capital adjustments. Perfection is a manufacturer and packager of 
private label and co-manufactured pet food and baked treat products. The acquisition is expected to close in Post’s first quarter 
of  fiscal  2024.  Upon  closing,  the  financial  results  of  Perfection  are  expected  to  be  reported  in  the  Post  Consumer  Brands 
segment.

109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with our Interim Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated 
the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2023. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and 
CFO concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide 
reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In  connection  with  the  Pet  Food  acquisition  completed  in  fiscal  2023,  management  is  in  the  process  of  analyzing, 
evaluating  and,  where  necessary,  implementing  changes  in  controls  and  procedures.  This  process  may  result  in  additions  or 
changes to our internal control over financial reporting. Based on management’s evaluation, there were no other changes in our 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  occurred  during  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  2023  that  have  materially 
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such 
term  is  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act.  Our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

On April 28, 2023, we completed the Pet Food acquisition. Our assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023 did not include certain elements of the internal 
controls of Pet Food in accordance with SEC guidance permitting management to exclude recently acquired businesses from 
management’s report on internal control over financial reporting, not to extend beyond one year from the date of acquisition. 
Total Pet Food assets, excluding property, goodwill and intangible assets (which are included in our fiscal 2023 assessment), 
were  $223.5  million,  or  2%  of  consolidated  total  assets,  as  of  September  30,  2023.  Total  Pet  Food  net  sales  were  $679.8 
million, or 10% of consolidated net sales, for the year ended September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control 
over  financial  reporting  based  upon  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway 
Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on management’s assessment utilizing these 
criteria, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

The  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  September  30,  2023  has  been  audited  by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report, which appears in Item 8 
of this report.

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 and Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

During  the  three  months  ended  September  30,  2023,  no  director  or  “officer,”  as  defined  in  Rule  16a-1(f)  under  the 
Exchange  Act,  of  the  Company  adopted  or  terminated  a  “Rule  10b5-1  trading  arrangement”  or  “non-Rule  10b5-1  trading 
arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 9C.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

110

PART III 

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item that appears under the headings “Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance 
– Board Meetings and Committees” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders, 
to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) within 120 days after September 30, 2023 (the “2024 
Proxy Statement”), is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding executive officers of the Company is included 
under the heading “Information about our Executive Officers” in “Business” in Item 1 of this report. 

The  Company  has  adopted  a  code  of  ethics,  our  Code  of  Conduct,  applicable  to  our  directors,  officers  and  employees, 
including  our  principal  executive  officer,  principal  financial  officer  and  principal  accounting  officer,  which  sets  forth  the 
Company’s expectations for the conduct of business by our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Conduct is available 
on the Company’s website at www.postholdings.com. In the event the Company amends the Code of Conduct or waivers of 
compliance are granted and it is determined that such amendments or waivers are subject to the disclosure provisions of Item 
5.05  of  Form  8-K,  the  Company  intends  to  satisfy  such  disclosure  obligations  by  posting  such  information  on  its  website  at 
www.postholdings.com. 

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The  information  required  by  this  Item  that  appears  under  the  headings  “Compensation  of  Officers,”  “Director 
Compensation for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” 
and  “Corporate  Governance  and  Compensation  Committee  Report”  in  the  2024  Proxy  Statement  is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference.  The  information  contained  in  “Corporate  Governance  and  Compensation  Committee  Report”  in  the  2024  Proxy 
Statement shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended (the “Exchange Act”), nor shall it be incorporated by reference into any of the Company’s filings under the Securities 
Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference 
in such filing.

ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS 

The  information  required  by  this  Item  that  appears  under  the  headings  “Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Shareholders  – 
Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Beneficial  Owners,”  “Security  Ownership  of  Certain  Shareholders  –  Security  Ownership  of 
Management”  and  “Compensation  of  Officers  –  Equity  Compensation  Plan  Information”  in  the  2024  Proxy  Statement  is 
incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE 

The information required by this Item that appears under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” 
and “Corporate Governance – Director Independence and Role of the Independent Lead Director” in the 2024 Proxy Statement 
is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The  information  required  by  this  Item  that  appears  under  the  heading  “Ratification  of  Appointment  of  Independent 

Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the 2024 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Documents filed as a part of this report: 

PART IV 

1. Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial statements of Post Holdings, Inc. are filed as a part of this 

document under Item 8.

•

•

•

•

•

•

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021

111

•

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2. Financial Statement Schedules. None. Schedules not included have been omitted because they are not applicable or not 

material or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

3. Exhibits. 

Exhibit No.
*2.1

2.2

*2.3

2.4

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7
†10.1

†10.2

†10.3

†10.4

Description
Transaction  Agreement  and  Plan  of  Merger,  dated  as  of  October  26,  2021,  by  and  among  BellRing 
Brands,  Inc.  (now  known  as  BellRing  Intermediate  Holdings,  Inc.),  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  BellRing 
Distribution,  LLC  (now  known  as  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.)  and  BellRing  Merger  Sub  Corporation 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 27, 2021)
Amendment No. 1 to Transaction Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 28, 2022, by and 
among  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.  (now  known  as  BellRing  Intermediate  Holdings,  Inc.),  Post  Holdings, 
Inc.,  BellRing  Distribution,  LLC  (now  known  as  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.)  and  BellRing  Merger  Sub 
Corporation  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  2.1  to  the  Company’s  first  Form  8-K  (film  no. 
22683895) filed on February 28, 2022)
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 8, 2023, by and among The J. M. Smucker Company, 
PCB Sub, LLC (now known as Post Brands Pet Care, LLC) and Post Holdings, Inc. (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 13, 2023)
Amendment No. 1 to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2023, by and among The J. 
M. Smucker Company, Post Holdings, Inc. and Post Brands Pet Care, LLC (formerly known as PCB 
Sub,  LLC)  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  2.4  to  the  Company’s  Form  10-Q  filed  on  May  5, 
2023)
Amended  and  Restated  Articles  of  Incorporation  of  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  (Incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 2, 2018)
Amendment of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Post Holdings, Inc. (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 2, 2018)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Post Holdings, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 17, 2023)
Indenture  (2027  Notes),  dated  as  of  February  14,  2017,  by  and  among  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  the 
Guarantors (as defined therein) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo 
Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 
8-K filed on February 14, 2017)
Indenture  (2028  Notes),  dated  as  of  December  1,  2017,  by  and  among  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  the 
Guarantors (as defined therein) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo 
Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 
8-K filed on December 4, 2017)
Indenture (2029 Notes), dated as of July 3, 2019, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors (as 
defined therein) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, National 
Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on 
July 3, 2019)

Indenture  (2030  Notes),  dated  as  of  February  26,  2020,  by  and  among  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  the 
Guarantors (as defined therein) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo 
Bank, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 
8-K filed on February 26, 2020)
Indenture (2031 Notes), dated as of March 10, 2021, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors 
(as  defined  therein)  and  Computershare  Trust  Company,  N.A.,  as  successor  to  Wells  Fargo  Bank, 
National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K 
filed on March 11, 2021)
Indenture (2027 Convertible Notes), dated as of August 12, 2022, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., 
the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (Incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 17, 2022)
Description of Post Holdings, Inc.’s Registered Securities
Form of Indemnification Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 4 to 
the Company’s Form 10, filed on January 25, 2012)
Post Holdings, Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, effective as of February 3, 2012 (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2012)
Form of Non-Management Director Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement (Incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2012)
Form  of  Non-Qualified  Stock  Option  Agreement  for  Other  Executive  Officers  of  Post  Holdings,  Inc. 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 31, 2012)

112

Exhibit No.
†10.5

†10.6

†10.7

†10.8

†10.9

†10.10

†10.11

†10.12

†10.13

10.14

†10.15

†10.16

†10.17

†10.18

†10.19

†10.20

†10.21

†10.22

10.23

10.24

10.25

†10.26

Description
Post Holdings, Inc. 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, effective as of January 
31, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 
2013)
Form  of  Cash-Settled  Long-Term  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on August 8, 2014)
Post Holdings, Inc. Senior Management Bonus Program, effective as of May 4, 2015 (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2015)
Form  of  Management  Continuity  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2  to  the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2015)
Post Holdings, Inc. 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan, effective as of January 28, 2016 (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2016)

Form  of  Non-Qualified  Stock  Option  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2016)

Post Holdings, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Savings Investment Plan, effective as of August 
1, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 3, 2017)
Post Holdings, Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Key Employees, effective 
as of August 1, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on 
August 3, 2017)

Post  Holdings,  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Non-Management  Directors,  as  Amended  and 
Restated, effective as of August 1, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to the Company’s 
Form 10-Q filed on August 4, 2017)
Transaction  Agreement,  dated  as  of  August  2,  2018,  by  and  among  THL  Equity  Fund  VIII  Investors 
(PB), LLC, 8th Avenue Food & Provisions, Inc. and Post Holdings, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s first Form 8-K (film no. 18989403) filed on August 2, 2018)

Form  of  Cliff  Vesting  Stock-Settled  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (two  and  five  year  vesting) 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 16, 2018)
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to 
the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2018)
Post  Holdings,  Inc.  2019  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan,  effective  January  24,  2019  (Incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2019)
Form of Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (U.S. Employees) (Incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2019)
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (U.S. Employees) (Incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2019)
Form  of  Non-Employee  Director  Stock-Settled  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 22, 2019)
Amendment  to  the  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  Senior  Management  Bonus  Program,  effective  September  30, 
2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 22, 
2019)
Amendment  to  the  Amended  and  Restated  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  Deferred  Compensation  Plan  for  Key 
Employees,  effective  October  1,  2019  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.55  to  the  Company’s 
Form 10-Q filed on February 7, 2020)

Tax  Receivable  Agreement,  dated  as  of  October  21,  2019,  by  and  among  BellRing  Brands,  Inc., 
BellRing Brands, LLC and Post Holdings, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 
8-K filed by BellRing Brands, Inc. on October 21, 2019 (File No. 001-39093))
Second  Amended  and  Restated  Credit  Agreement,  dated  as  of  March  18,  2020,  by  and  among  Post 
Holdings, Inc., as borrower, the institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders, Barclays Bank 
PLC, as administrative agent, Barclays Bank PLC, BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 
Credit  Suisse  Loan  Funding  LLC,  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.  and  Wells  Fargo  Securities,  LLC,  as 
joint  lead  arrangers  and  joint  bookrunners,  BofA  Securities,  Inc.,  Citigroup  Global  Markets  Inc.  and 
Wells  Fargo  Securities,  LLC,  as  syndication  agents,  and  Credit  Suisse  Loan  Funding  LLC  and 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as documentation agents (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2020)
Second  Amended  and  Restated  Guarantee  and  Collateral  Agreement,  dated  as  of  March  18,  2020,  by 
and  among  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  certain  of  its  subsidiaries  and  Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative 
agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2020)
Form of Performance-Based, Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 23, 2020)

113

Exhibit No.
†10.27

†10.28

†10.29

10.30

†10.31

†10.32

†10.33

†10.34

†10.35

†10.36

†10.37

10.38

†10.39

†10.40

10.41

*10.42

10.43

†10.44

†10.45

Description
Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (United Kingdom Non-Management 
Directors)  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.52  to  the  Company’s  Form  10-Q  filed  on  May  7, 
2021)
Offer Letter to Nicolas Catoggio, dated June 30, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the 
Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 17, 2022)
Form  of  Cliff-Vesting  Stock-Settled  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on July 6, 2021)
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 3, 2021, 
by and among Post Holdings, Inc. and Barclays Bank PLC, as administrative agent, including as Exhibit 
A thereto, Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2020 (as amended 
by the First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 3, 
2021),  among  Post  Holdings,  Inc.,  as  borrower,  the  institutions  from  time  to  time  party  thereto  as 
lenders,  Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent,  Barclays  Bank  PLC,  BofA  Securities,  Inc., 
Citigroup  Global  Markets  Inc.,  Credit  Suisse  Loan  Funding  LLC,  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.  and 
Wells  Fargo  Securities  LLC,  as  joint  lead  arrangers  and  joint  bookrunners,  BofA  Securities,  Inc., 
Citigroup  Global  Markets  Inc.  and  Wells  Fargo  Securities,  LLC,  as  syndication  agents,  and  Credit 
Suisse Loan Funding LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as documentation agents (Incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 19, 2021)
Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Post Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for 
Key  Employees,  effective  October  1,  2021  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.46  to  the 
Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 4, 2022)
Post Holdings, Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective November 16, 2021 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 4, 2022)

Post  Holdings,  Inc.  2021  Long-Term  Incentive  Plan,  effective  November  17,  2021  (Incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 4, 2022)
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Company’s 
Form 10-Q filed on February 4, 2022)
Form  of  Performance-Based  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit 
10.50 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on February 4, 2022)
Form  of  Stock-Settled  Bonus  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit 
10.36 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 17, 2022)
Form  of  Performance-Based  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (3-Year  Cumulative  EBITDA  Grant) 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 17, 2022)
Second  Amendment  to  Second  Amended  and  Restated  Credit  Agreement  and  First  Amendment  to 
Second Amended and Restated Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2021, 
by and among Post Holdings, Inc., as borrower, certain of its subsidiaries, as guarantors, Barclays Bank 
PLC, as administrative agent, and the institutions constituting the Required Lenders (as defined therein) 
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2021)
Form  of  Non-Employee  Director  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (United  States  Non-Employee 
Directors)  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.52  to  the  Company’s  Form  10-Q  filed  on  May  6, 
2022)
Form  of  Non-Employee  Director  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (United  Kingdom  Non-Employee 
Directors)  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.53  to  the  Company’s  Form  10-Q  filed  on  May  6, 
2022)
Joinder Agreement No. 1, dated as of March 8, 2022, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors 
(as  defined  therein)  party  thereto,  the  Funding  Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  (as  defined  therein), 
Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent,  and  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.,  as  sub-agent  to  the 
administrative  agent  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.2  to  the  Company’s  Form  8-K  filed  on 
March 10, 2022)
Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2022, by and among BellRing Intermediate Holdings, 
Inc.,  Post  Holdings,  Inc.  and  BellRing  Brands,  Inc.  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 10, 2022)
Joinder Agreement No. 2, dated as of July 25, 2022, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors 
(as  defined  therein)  party  thereto,  the  Funding  Incremental  Term  Loan  Lenders  (as  defined  therein), 
Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent  and  JPMorgan  Chase  Bank,  N.A.,  as  sub-agent  to  the 
administrative  agent  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the  Company’s  Form  8-K  filed  on 
July 26, 2022)
Form  of  Cliff-Vesting  Stock-Settled  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to 
Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Form 10-K filed on November 17, 2022)
Form of Stock-Settled Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to 
the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)

114

Exhibit No.
†10.46

†10.47

*10.48

10.49

†10.50

21.1

23.1

24.1

31.1

31.2

**32.1

97.1

101.INS

101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
104

Description
Form of Stock-Settled Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
Form  of  Stock-Settled  Bonus  Restricted  Stock  Unit  Agreement  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit 
10.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2022)
Joinder Agreement No. 4, dated as of April 26, 2023, by and among Post Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors 
(as defined therein) party thereto, the Funding Incremental Term Loan Lenders (as defined therein) and 
Barclays  Bank  PLC,  as  administrative  agent  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the 
Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2023)
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2023, between Post Holdings, Inc. and The J. M. 
Smucker  Company  (Incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to  the  Company’s  Form  8-K  filed  on 
April 28, 2023)
Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Post Holdings, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for 
Key Employees, effective August 1, 2023
Subsidiaries of Post Holdings, Inc.

Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Power of Attorney (Included under Signatures)

Certification of Jeff A. Zadoks pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 17, 2023
Certification of Matthew J. Mainer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 17, 2023
Certifications of Jeff A. Zadoks and Matthew J. Mainer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted 
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 17, 2023
Post Holdings, Inc. Executive Compensation Recovery Policy

The  instance  document  does  not  appear  in  the  interactive  data  file  because  its  XBRL  (eXtensible 
Business Reporting Language) tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
The cover page from the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023, formatted in 
iXBRL (Inline XBRL) and contained in Exhibit 101

†
*

These exhibits constitute management contracts, compensatory plans and arrangements.

Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Post agrees to furnish 
supplementally to the SEC a copy of any omitted exhibit or schedule upon request by the SEC.

** Exhibit furnished herewith and shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of the 

Exchange Act, nor shall such exhibit be incorporated by reference into any of Post’s filings under the Securities Act or 
the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

115

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, Post Holdings, Inc. has 

duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES 

POST HOLDINGS, INC.

By:

/s/ Jeff A. Zadoks
Jeff A. Zadoks
Interim President and Chief Executive 
Officer and Executive Vice President 
and Chief Operating Officer

November 17, 2023

KNOW  ALL  PERSONS  BY  THESE  PRESENTS,  that  each  person  whose  signature  appears  below  constitutes  and  appoints 
Matthew J. Mainer and Diedre J. Gray, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of 
substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all 
amendments to this report, and to file the same, with any or all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do 
and  perform  each  and  every  act  and  thing  requisite  and  necessary  to  be  done  in  and  about  the  premises,  as  fully  to  all  intents  and 
purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of 
them or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. 

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

/s/ Jeff A. Zadoks
Jeff A. Zadoks

/s/ Matthew J. Mainer
Matthew J. Mainer

/s/ Bradly A. Harper
Bradly A. Harper

/s/ William P. Stiritz
William P. Stiritz

/s/ Dorothy M. Burwell
Dorothy M. Burwell

/s/ Gregory L. Curl
Gregory L. Curl

/s/ Thomas C. Erb
Thomas C. Erb

/s/ Robert E. Grote
Robert E. Grote

/s/ Ellen F. Harshman
Ellen F. Harshman

/s/ David W. Kemper
David W. Kemper

/s/ Jennifer Kuperman
Jennifer Kuperman

/s/ David P. Skarie
David P. Skarie

/s/ Robert V. Vitale
Robert V. Vitale

Title

Interim President and Chief Executive Officer and Executive 
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
(principal executive officer)

Date

November 17, 2023

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 
(principal financial officer)

November 17, 2023

Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer (principal 
accounting officer)

November 17, 2023

Chairman of the Board

November 17, 2023

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

116

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

November 17, 2023

Corporate and Shareholder Information

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

Robert V. Vitale

The 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders  

Post Holdings, Inc. 

President and Chief Executive Officer

will be held virtually at 9:00 a.m. Central Time, 

2503 South Hanley Road 

Thursday, January 25, 2024.

Saint Louis, MO 63144 

Jeff A. Zadoks

Executive VP and Chief Operating Officer  

(Interim Chief Executive Officer)

Matthew J. Mainer

Senior VP, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Diedre J. Gray

Executive VP, General Counsel and  

Chief Administrative Officer, Secretary

Nicolas Catoggio 

President and CEO, Post Consumer Brands

Mark W. Westphal

President, Foodservice

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Dorothy M. Burwell

Gregory L. Curl

Thomas C. Erb

Robert E. Grote

Ellen F. Harshman

David W. Kemper

Jennifer Kuperman

David P. Skarie

William P. Stiritz, Chairman

Robert V. Vitale

Transfer Agent and Registrar:

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.  

computershare.com 

Shareholder Telephone Calls:

Operators are available Monday-Friday,  

8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time.  

An interactive automated system is  

available around the clock daily.  

Inside the U.S.: 

877-498-8861  

Outside the U.S.: 

312-360-5193

Mailing Address:

For questions regarding stock transfer, change

of address or lost certificates by regular mail:

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

P.O. Box 43006

Providence, RI 02940-3006

To deliver stock certificates by courier:

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

150 Royall St.

Canton, MA 02021

Independent registered public  

accounting firm: 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

314-644-7600 

postholdings.com

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

You can access financial and other information 

about Post Holdings, Inc. at postholdings.com, 

including press releases and proxy materials; 

Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K as filed with the  

Securities and Exchange Commission; and  

information on corporate governance such as 

our Code of Conduct and charters of board 

committees. You can also request that any of 

these materials be mailed to you at no charge  

by calling or writing:

Post Holdings, Inc. 

Attn:  Shareholder Services 

2503 South Hanley Road 

Saint Louis, MO 63144 

Telephone:  314-644-7600 

1. Last 12 months ended September 30, 2023; pro forma to 
include all closed acquisitions as of September 30, 2023 
including both pre- and post-acquisition periods. 

2. Certain financial measures presented herein are non-GAAP 
measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, segment Adjusted 
EBITDA, Adjusted net earnings from continuing operations, 
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per 
common share and net leverage. Non-GAAP measures are 
not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted 
accounting principles (“GAAP”), as they exclude certain 
items, and may not be comparable to similarly titled 
measures of other companies. Management uses certain 
non-GAAP measures, including Adjusted EBITDA and 
segment Adjusted EBITDA, as key metrics in the evaluation 
of underlying company and segment performance; in 
making financial, operating and planning decisions; and, 
in part, in the determination of bonuses for its executive 
officers and employees. Management believes the use of 
non-GAAP measures provides increased transparency and 
assists investors in understanding the underlying operating 
performance of Post and its segments and in the analysis of 
ongoing operating trends.  

Post believes Adjusted net earnings from continuing 
operations and Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing 
operations per common share are useful to investors in 
evaluating Post’s operating performance because they exclude 
items that affect the comparability of Post’s financial results 
and could potentially distort an understanding of the trends in 
business performance. Adjusted net earnings from continuing 
operations and Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing 
operations per common share are adjusted for the following 
items: gain/loss on investment in BellRing Brands, Inc. 
(“BellRing”); income/expense on swaps, net; debt premiums 
and tender fees paid/discounts received, net; impairment 
of goodwill and other intangible assets; mark-to-market 

adjustments on commodity and foreign exchange hedges 
and warrant liabilities; mark-to-market adjustments and 
impairments on equity securities and investments; integration 
and transaction costs; provision for legal settlements; 
restructuring and facility closure costs, including accelerated 
depreciation; inventory revaluation adjustment on acquired 
businesses; gain on dissolution of Post Holdings Partnering 
Corporation (“PHPC”); gain/loss on assets held for sale; 
gain/loss on sale of business; gain on/adjustment to bargain 
purchase; asset disposal costs; costs expected to be 
indemnified, net; purchase price adjustment on acquisition; 
advisory income; adjustment to tax receivable agreement 
liability; noncontrolling interest adjustment; income tax effect 
on adjustments; and U.K. tax reform expense.  

Post believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in 
evaluating Post’s operating performance and liquidity because 
(i) Post believes it is widely used to measure a company’s 
operating performance without regard to items such as 
depreciation and amortization, which can vary depending 
upon accounting methods and the book value of assets, (ii) 
it presents a measure of corporate performance exclusive 
of Post’s capital structure and the method by which the 
assets were acquired and (iii) it is a financial indicator of 
a company’s ability to service its debt, as Post is required 
to comply with certain covenants and limitations that are 
based on variations of EBITDA in its financing documents. 
Post believes that segment Adjusted EBITDA is useful to 
investors in evaluating Post’s operating performance because 
it allows for assessment of the operating performance of each 
reportable segment. Adjusted EBITDA and segment Adjusted 
EBITDA reflect adjustments for income tax expense/benefit; 
interest expense, net; depreciation and amortization; gain/
loss on investment in BellRing; income/expense on swaps, 
net; impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets; mark-
to-market adjustments on commodity and foreign exchange 
hedges and warrant liabilities; mark-to-market adjustments 

and impairments on equity securities and investments; 
integration costs and transaction costs; provision for legal 
settlements; restructuring and facility closure costs, excluding 
accelerated depreciation; inventory revaluation adjustment 
on acquired businesses; gain on dissolution of PHPC; gain/
loss on assets held for sale; gain/loss on sale of business; 
asset disposal costs; costs expected to be indemnified, net; 
purchase price adjustment on acquisition; advisory income;  
gain/loss on extinguishment of debt, net; noncash stock-based 
compensation; equity method investment adjustment; gain 
on/adjustment to bargain purchase; noncontrolling interest 
adjustment; and adjustment to tax receivable agreement 
liability. For a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures 
referenced in the preceding two paragraphs to the most 
directly comparable GAAP measure, see our press releases 
posted on our website.  

Net leverage is a non-GAAP measure which represents net 
debt divided by Adjusted EBITDA. Post considers net leverage 
an important measure of ability to service debt. 

3. NielsenIQ xAOC, 52 weeks ended October 28, 2023. U.S.  

data only.

4. Circana Scan Data MULO+C+PET SPECIALTY; 52 weeks 
ended October 29, 2023. Excludes eCommerce Data.

5. Nielsen Scantrack, 52 weeks ended October 7, 2023. U.K.  

data only.

6. Management estimates.

7. Circana Scan Data Dinner Sides; 52 weeks ended  

October 8, 2023.

 
 
 
2503 South Hanley Road   St. Louis, MO 63144   
postholdings.com

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