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PowerHouse Energy Group Plc

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FY2023 Annual Report · PowerHouse Energy Group Plc
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POWERHOUSE ENERGY GROUP PLC 

COMPANY NUMBER: 03934451 

Consolidated Annual Report and Financial Statements 
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors 

David (Dewi) Hitchcock  
Paul Emmitt 
Ben Brier 
Hugh McAlister 
Anthony Gale 
Karol Kacprzak  

Acting Non-Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer  
Chief Financial Officer 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director  
Non-Executive Director 

Company secretary 

Delgany Corporate Services Limited 

Company number 

03934451 

Registered office 

Unit 3/3a Garth Drive, Brackla Industrial 
Estate, Bridgend, Wales, CF31 2AQ 

Website 

Bankers 

www.phegroup.com 

HSBC 
79 Piccadilly 
London W1J 8EU  

Nominated & Financial 
Adviser 

Strand Hanson Limited 
26 Mount Row 
London W1K 3SQ 

Registrar 

Broker 

Auditor 

Neville Registrars Limited 
Neville House, Steelpark Road 
Halesowen B62 8HD   

Turner Pope Investments (TPI) Limited 
8 Fredrick’s Pl, 
London EC2R 8AB   

Barnes Roffe LLP 
Charles Lake House 
Claire Causeway 
Crossways Business Park 
Dartford 
DA2 6QA 

Forward-looking statements 

This report includes forward-looking statements. Whilst these forward-looking statements are made in good faith, they are based 
upon  the  information  available  to  Powerhouse  Energy  Group  PLC  at  the  date  of  this  report  and  upon  current  expectations, 
projections,  market  conditions  and  assumptions  about  future  events.  These  forward-looking  statements  are  subject  to  risks, 
uncertainties and assumptions about the Group and should be treated with an appropriate degree of caution. 

2 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS  

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT .................................................................................................... 4 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REVIEW ..................................................................................... 5 
STRATEGIC REPORT .............................................................................................................. 7 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT .......................................................................................................... 15 
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE REVIEW  ....................................................... 20 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT .................................................................................... 22 
REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT ................................................................................ 28 
REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE .................................................................................... 30 
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................... 32 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT ..................................................................................... 33 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ................................................. 39 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ......................................................... 40 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ................................................................. 41 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS ...................................................................... 42 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS  ............................................................................. 43 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY .......................................................... 44 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY .................................................................. 45 
NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS .................................................................................................. 46 

3 

  
  
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s Statement 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

I was delighted to join the Board of Powerhouse Energy Group plc (“Powerhouse”, “PHE” or the Group”) as an Independent  Non-
Executive Director last year and to become Acting Non-Executive Chairman from 15 December 2023. I am truly pleased to be able 
to report  several very positive steps forward during the short period of my tenure of office so far.  

The  Group  has  now  reviewed  its  strategy  and  has  adopted  a  model  of  joint  venture  arrangements  with  project  development 
partners, giving Powerhouse more control, and providing upside opportunity for our shareholders we will maintain the licencing 
option where it is most suited in commercial terms . This change of direction is illustrated by our recent announcements on our 
projects at County Longford in Ireland, and with a very exciting opportunity with National Hydrogen in Australia and Asia.  

Significantly, it also became clear that our partner at our historic Protos site near Chester (originally the site owner and licensee of 
our technology) no longer shared our vision for the project’s development. We therefore took full ownership and control of the 
project into Powerhouse on terms which included acceptable lease provisions for the site.  

Additionally, we were delighted to announce that we have brought our engineering capability fully in-house, having now increased 
our ownership of Engsolve Limited (“Engsolve”), our engineering partner, to 100%. Engsolve was established and, until this most 
recent transaction majority owned, by the Powerhouse Chief Operating Officer, Paul Emmitt. Powerhouse  had acquired a 48% 
interest in Engsolve in 2021. Although the former arrangement had worked well in practice, it was not the optimal platform from 
which to build the business. The new arrangement hugely simplifies the Group’s access to its essential engineering requirements. 
The Board sees it as a step forwards in presenting Powerhouse to the market as a stand-alone business, which now has all the 
essential components in-house. This will reduce reliance on third parties and ensures maximum potential value for Powerhouse’s 
shareholders. 

We have continued to make excellent progress on the new Powerhouse Technology Centre in Bridgend; a vitally important part of 
our ability to demonstrate that Powerhouse intends to place itself at the forefront of businesses aspiring for leading positions in 
the  waste-to-energy  sector.  Hydrogen  fuel  is  actually  only  one  part  of  the  waste-to-energy  picture  though  our  Group  has 
maintained a watchful eye on the market for hydrogen, particularly in relation to the publicity attracted by the use of hydrogen as 
a transport fuel. This particular market remains in its infancy and as such we will continue to develop our capabilities in electricity 
and heat production. This is fuelled by raw materials (non-recyclable waste products with no use) that to others are a growing 
problem but which, to us at Powerhouse, are very useful indeed. 

We are now exploring the right mix of equity and project finance options, given our growing list of project opportunities, to be 
ready on a case by case basis.  

As Acting Chairman, my focus is on planning the pathway to financial sustainability, ensuring that we have the right skills and other 
resources within the Group, on the right terms, and that Powerhouse continues to develop and protect its intellectual property. I 
expect to see Powerhouse prove its viability in a commercial context in late 2025, whilst we develop our working relationships with 
third parties and maintain their confidence in order to deliver our projects economically. 

Our Board has been reshaped and strengthened with a highly experienced group of Directors with long careers in Engineering and 
Finance.  I  would  like  to  thank  them  for  all  their  efforts  and  wise  counsel  as  we  have  worked  through  the  change  in  corporate 
strategy.  

Finally, I wish especially  to thank Paul Emmitt for stepping up to become CEO post the acquisition of Engsolve, where he has already 
made a huge impact. Above all, I would also like to thank all of our shareholders for their continued support over the last few 
challenging  years.  The  year  ahead  promises  to  be  an  exciting  one  as  we  deliver  on  expectations  and  progress  our  vision  for 
Powerhouse. 

David Hitchcock OBE 
Acting Non-Executive Chairman 
31 May 2024 

4 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REVIEW 

The year under review was another challenging one for Powerhouse, however overall a productive one. It was a year that started 
with a major reconstruction of the board bringing in three new non-executive directors (NEDs) and a Non-Executive Chairman. The 
new  board  brought  with  it  much  needed    experience  in  Finance,  Infrastructure  Project  Management  and  Technology.  These 
changes have already shown they have and will move the Group towards its goal of trading profitably and being at the forefront of 
the waste-to-energy sector. The then Acting CEO informed us of his desire to step down and I was asked to step in as Interim Chief 
Executive Officer (CEO). After a probationary period I was appointed as full time CEO and the position of Chief Operating Officer 
(COO) and Chief Technology Officer (CTO) were put into stasis. The board enjoyed a productive and stable period until late in the 
year when the Non -Executive Chairman resigned. David Hitchcock stepped up from NED to become Acting Non-Executive Chairman 
with a permanent appointment likely to be made in Q3 2024. 

My objective both as the COO, and now as CEO, was to refocus the Group on the goals of delivering its first projects and create a 
qualified pipeline. These are projects that have met important criteria that includes, but is not limited to, planning permissions, a 
feedstock agreement detailing what and how much feedstock is available, an offtake agreement, an agreement that details what 
the required output is (Syngas, heat, hydrogen). This enables the Powerhouse team to assess technical commercial and financial 
viability  and  before  we  invest  time  and  capital  developing  them  and  to  progress  the  Group  towards  becoming  a  profitable 
enterprise. The first step to achieving this was to re-evaluate the Group’s “product and value proposition” and take that to market 
and potential customers, clearing the deck of projects that would no longer pass the “qualified opportunity” criteria. The primary 
potential project that was therefore terminated as a result of this was the joint venture (JV) with Peel NRE Ltd. This allowed us to 
dedicate time to more viable opportunities whilst we retained an option on the site. We would also continue to build a strong 
Group culture following on from the progress introduced by the previous Acting CEO. 

Pipeline Highlights 

The prioritised and more importantly validated projects that progressed in 2023 and will remain the focus of operations are:  

 National Hydrogen, Australia 
National Hydrogen (NH2) in Australia, which in the latter part of the year gained momentum. Since the year end, our efforts have 
resulted in a five-year framework agreement being signed with NH2, that will bring with it a Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) 
study to be undertaken by Engsolve  during 2024. The framework agreement sets out the terms on which the Group's technology 
and engineering expertise would be provided, on a project-by-project exclusivity basis, to NH2 for its intended roll out of multiple 
hydrogen-based projects across Australia, Italy, Switzerland, and Hong Kong. 

Ballymena, Northern Ireland 
As with NH2, Ballymena is a validated project and has progressed steadily during the year. There are certain administrative issues 
that need to be overcome but we are confident in Ballymena progressing in 2024.  

Longford, Ireland 
In 2023 we informed Hydrogen Utopia International (HUI) that the Longford project would be deferred, as the cost-benefit trade-
off for the project no longer fitted with the business focus. Following further negotiations and discussions with our JV partner, HUI, 
we committed to adding the project back into our active listing in 2024, as the terms and prospects of the project became more 
favourable, in particular with the opportunity to progress its development within a European Union Just Transition Fund area, which 
brings with it the potential of grant funding for the development. 

Plastics to Hydrogen No1 (Protos) 
For a long time this was our “Totemic” project. This has now moved to lower priority. PHE acquired 100% of Protos in 2023, with 
the JV itself being wound up, with the assets of the SPV signed over to PHE, and the agreement that PHE will retain the option (for 
a fee) until March 2025.  

Corporate and Operational Highlights   

We have had positive movement on our patents and IP, however toward the end of the year, we met some headwinds when one 
of  our  pending  patents  was  challenged.  This  issue  was  resolved  in  early  May  2024  to  the  Board’s  satisfaction  and  our 
commercialisation plans are back on track.  

5 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 

The other hurdle we encountered was due to our proposed kiln supplier, Mitchell Driers, entering into liquidation in October 2023, 
thus meaning our scale up test facility was now at risk. We have since identified and qualified a new supplier and have placed an 
order  for  an  alternative  kiln,  that  is  currently  being  shipped  to  the  UK,  and  that  will  enable  us  to  have  the  Technology  Centre 
available in Q4 2024. 

Engsolve has provided engineering support to Powerhouse for many years, with the Group holding 48% of the shareholding since 
August 2021. The Group acquired the remaining shares in June 2023, such that Engsolve is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the 
Group. Engsolve brings with it a history of successfully delivering engineering services to the energy, oil and gas, manufacturing, 
waste, and safety sectors. It is Powerhouse’s intention to build on this legacy, taking advantage of its specialist knowledge and the 
R&D capability emerging from the Technology Centre, to become a significant service provider. This will bring new revenue streams 
into the Group and help build its reserves to support the capital projects.  

Financial Highlights 

The highlights from the financial report are as follows. Further information is covered in the strategic report. 

The Group reported an overall loss in 2023 of £1,427,648 as it continued to develop the technology and pipeline. This was compared 
to a loss in 2022 of £46,198,679 (with the majority of this being driven by an impairment charge). 

Revenue  for  2023  was  £180,959  which  was  derived  from  Engsolve  Limited  which  became  part  of  the  Group  in  June  2023  This 
revenue was generated through Engsolve providing Engineering Services to third party customers. The Group will be looking to 
continue providing  third party Engineering Services through Engsolve Ltd and to further develop this revenue stream, both through 
internal and external work. Non engineering revenues will be generated by Powerhouse Energy as laid out in the business strategy 
below. 

Business strategy 

The strategy was revised in 2023 when it was agreed by the Board that waste to hydrogen would not be the primary marketing 
focus of the Group and that it would be waste to energy, based on the production of syngas. Hydrogen would be an option for 
projects that have a validated feedstock and most importantly a  validated offtake. The  successful and profitable production of 
hydrogen relies heavily on the growth of demand to ensure offtake. Demand is growing, and we continue to field a number of 
opportunities. The Board has every confidence this demand will continue to increase and by the  end of this decade, the use of 
hydrogen as both a transport fuel and industrial natural gas substitute will be common. Powerhouse is in an excellent position to 
take advantage of this, and in parallel will leverage other sources of revenue. The recent full integration of Engsolve into the Group 
provides this opportunity and in the Strategic Report we set out the role Engsolve will play.  

Our strategy is now one focussed on Licensing fees, Royalties and engineering services revenues which include potentially providing 
third  party  testing  of  waste  streams  at  the  Brackla  Technology  centre.  This  concentrates  funding  needs  to  that  of  costs  of 
operations, further research and development to prove our technological capabilities, and de-risking the financial position of the 
business, until such time that revenues generate sufficient free cash flow to self-fund operations. 

In summary, following a few years of instability, Powerhouse now has a strong board with a focussed strategy. Projects that do not 
meet the strict criteria set by the Board are declined and we have a pipeline of exciting project opportunities that are commercially 
and financially suitable. In addition, we have a good funnel of work via Engsolve from which we can grow our revenue, and the 
integration  of  Engsolve  with  the  wider  Group  continues  to  strengthen  our  technical  capabilities  and  improve  efficiency  in  the 
business. 

Paul Emmitt 
Chief Executive Officer 
31 May 2024 

6 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

This  strategic  report  presents  the  Directors’  opinion  regarding  the  future  direction  of  the  Group  and  contains  certain  forward-
looking statements. These statements are made by the Directors in good faith, based on the information available to them at the 
time of writing and such statements should be treated with caution as they address uncertainties. 

Path to revenue profit and valuation strategy 

Revenue 

During 2023 the Group received two main sources of income: 

1.  £180,959 of third party Group Revenue from Engsolve in the second half of 2023 post acquisition of 100% of the share 

capital. 

2.  £76,206  arising  from  Engsolve  profit  share  in  the  first  half  of  2023  (as  a  result  of  Powerhouse’s  then  48%  interest  in 

Engsolve).  

Profit and Loss  

Following  the  full  acquisition  of  Engsolve  in  2023  and  the  move  to  the  Bridgend  Technology  Centre  the  CEO  and  CFO  have 
implemented  a  review  and  a  cost  cutting  exercise,  removing  or  renegotiating  duplicated  contracts  resulting  in  a  considerable 
reduction in the cost base. 

Goodwill 

The  Directors  reviewed  last  years  key  assumptions  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Goodwill  should  remain  at  the  same 
valuation of £2,300,000. The Group acquired £573k of Goodwill in the year due to the acquisition of Engsolve. The Group completed 
an impairment review and fair value review of Engsolve Limited as part of our year end Accounts FY 2023. The outcome of this 
impairment review was that we believe the Goodwill valuation at £573k should not be impaired at the year-end December 23. The 
Key assumptions and sensitivities of the above are set out in Note 11 intangible assets 

The Vision and the Mission 

Powerhouse’s vision is to be a leader in technology solutions that utilise non-recyclable wastes to produce sustainable energy whilst 
mitigating climate change impacts. 

The Group’s mission is to provide flexible, innovative solutions to global pollution and adverse environmental impacts by converting 
such non-recyclable wastes into valuable end-products, including low carbon energy. We will work with  clients and partners to 
evaluate, design and develop facilities and will license third party developers to deliver similar facilities that reduce environmental 
impact.  

The Commercial Offering 

The commercial offering of Powerhouse is to apply its expertise  in engineering and technology delivery to the development of 
facilities  that  can  generate  continuous  profit  streams  for  the  Group  through  design  consultancy  and  client  management  fees, 
licensing and royalty agreements. It specialises in low carbon energy production from waste materials but is able to apply its know-
how and expertise to any application that reduces the impacts to the environment, both pollution and climate change. 

The  Group  has  developed  as  its  core  technology  in  Pyrolysis/gasification  and  proprietary  control  system,  based  upon  the 
Powerhouse Energy Rapid Modelling System that can process organic or fossil-based carbonaceous materials using pyrolysis and 
gasification. This produces a synthetic gas (or syngas) that can produce a range of products including: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

Gaseous fuels 
Electrical power 
Heat 
Chemical feedstocks 
Char 
Liquid fuels 

7 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

Sources of Revenue 

Our revenue generation will be derived from: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

Licensing our technology to developers globally  
Royalties – revenue sharing from output of Powerhouse designed solutions 
Engineering design   
Project and client engineer fees 

Project Development  

To develop an operating waste-to-energy facility based on the Powerhouse solution requires a construction and commissioning 
programme  of  at  least  18  months.  Specialist  materials  are  required  for  some  of  the  equipment  due  to  the  high  operating 
temperatures,  especially  with  hydrogen  as  the  required  output.  This  means  that  some  of  the  equipment  can  only  come  from 
specialist manufacturers and the delivery periods are currently longer than historically due to ongoing supply chain issues. Prior to 
construction, it is necessary to obtain planning permission and the necessary environmental permits, so the typical project cycle 
time from conception to reality of a Powerhouse technical solution is around four years. With other configurations - for example, 
an  electricity  generation  only  facility  -  it  can  be  a  few  months  less,  but  not  substantially  shorter.  Whatever  the  period  of 
development, construction and setting to work, the  Group previously earned no revenue during that period whatever business 
model was adopted. The new strategy will include payment for feasibility and engineering designs before financial close. Therefore, 
it is increasingly important that projects are validated more stringently before heavy costs are incurred. 

To date, shareholder funds have financed the Group’s working capital. This will remain the case until greater revenues are earned 
from  design  fees  and  longer  term  licensing  and  profit  share.  As  mentioned,  Powerhouse  will  not  actively  look  to  engage  in 
developing projects, whether in partnership or alone given the difficulty of a Group of our size being able to raise project capital. 
This position could potentially change in the event of the right project with the right partner who would give the markets sufficient 
confidence that Powerhouse could go to the market and raise the additional capital funding.  

It is anticipated that Engsolve, which is now fully integrated within the Powerhouse Group and bringing with it a history of providing 
engineering services to third party clients, will continue to contribute to the Group’s revenue. It forms a more stable and less risky 
base on which the Group can build a revenue stream, both internally and externally, whilst the capital projects are developed. This 
will  inevitably  require  recruitment  of  some  new  personnel  and  a  deliberate  drive  to  sell  these  services  as  the  business  grows. 
Engsolve has an  existing base and a successful track record. With positioning of the  Group within its  specialist areas, it will be 
possible  to  build  the  client  base  rapidly,  producing  income  from  engineering  services  to  reduce  the  cash  requirement  from 
shareholder funds.  

Research & Development (R&D) 

The application of R&D has always been a key factor in Powerhouse’s development. Powerhouse initially tested its technological 
capabilities in practice using the Demonstrator Unit in Thornton to convert feedstock into syngas, at a relatively small scale but 
which provided the Group with significant data and information on the process. The Demonstrator Unit has a capacity of 750kg 
waste per day. In 2022, the Group announced its intention to enhance its R&D capacity by establishing the Powerhouse Technology 
Centre at Bridgend. A purpose-designed Feedstock Testing Unit (FTU) is in the manufacture stage and will be installed within the 
Centre during 2024. The FTU will have a capacity of 2.5 tonne per day of waste. This is 12 months behind plan due to Mitchell Driers 
going into liquidation in late 2023 after months of being assured that our kiln was being manufactured.  

The FTU is essentially a much larger version of the Demonstrator Unit and is a scaled version of the proposed commercial Thermal 
Conversion Chamber (TCC) which will allow testing of the commercial operating plant to be carried out under controlled conditions. 
The commercial TCCs are expected to have capacities in the range of 40 tonne per day. It is anticipated that this will enable the 
Powerhouse technology to be demonstrated in practice, independent of building the commercial unit and hence give comfort to 
potential investors that the technical risk can be mitigated. 

It is the directors’ firm belief that the use of thermal processes such as pyrolysis and gasification will grow in forthcoming years as 
chemical  recycling  develops  and  overtakes,  and  possibly  replaces  for  some  materials,  physical  recycling.  Building  the  Group’s 
expertise and knowledge in this field will allow Powerhouse to be at the forefront of this transition. The ambition is for the Group 
to  be  the  go-to  Group  in  the  UK  for  these  thermal  treatments  and  associated  materials  behaviour,  and  for  the  Powerhouse 
Technology Centre to become a profit centre in its own right. 

8 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND MITIGATIONS 

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that the risk register is maintained and updated. This ensures a reasonable, but 
not absolute, assurance that significant risks are mitigated and managed to an acceptable level.  

The Executive Directors are responsible for establishing and maintaining the risk register on all capital projects. This identifies risks 
and  assesses  their  potential  impact  using  quantification  techniques.  Mitigations  are  then  considered,  and  the  residual  risk 
identified.   

Significant risks are those which if materialise will have material impact on the Group’s long-term performance and delivery of its 
business strategy. These are summarised in the following table.  

Risk 

Description 

Mitigation 

Operations 

Greater than anticipated increases in global 
pricing  and  pressures  on  supply  chain 
adversely impact financial viability of capital 
projects. 

Supply  chain  manufacturing  capacity 
is 
constrained  and  cannot  meet  required 
delivery times. 

All  suppliers  to  be  pre-qualified  for  their  relevant 
experience and stability.  

Regular  review  of  supply  chain  and  maintain 
competitive tension. 

General cost-side inflation will be reflected in offtake 
price escalation. 

Longer  development 
anticipated. 

timescales 

than 

Contract security and performance requirements to be 
included 
in  all  major  supplier  contracts,  where 
possible. 

Key  contractors/suppliers  are  unwilling  to 
provide required performance guarantees. 

Technical Risk 

Risk that the technical solution chosen does 
not perform to the standards anticipated. 

Intellectual 
Property 

Patent applications may not be granted. 

Patents may be contested.  

Government 
Policy 

Maintaining  patents  is  costly  and  cannot 
cover the whole world. 
Drivers of demand for pollution  reduction, 
recycling and climate change avoidance rely 
on support from Government policy.  

Policy supports for reducing CO2 emissions 
and  counterfactuals  are 
important  to 
provide  Powerhouse  with  competitive 
advantage. 

9 

In-house  team  to  be  strengthened  with  competent 
personnel,  whilst  also  working  with  experienced 
partners  –  eg  strategic  framework  agreement  with 
Petrofac. 
Pyrolysis  and  gasification  are  well  established 
technologies, widely reported in research literature.  

Substantial  testing  of  the  feedstock  conversion  to 
syngas process has been carried out by PHE using the 
Demonstrator Unit at Thornton. 

Powerhouse  works  with  academia  to  deploy  latest 
computer-aided tools. 

Independent  due  diligence  on  the  process  will  be 
carried out prior to implementation. 

The new FTU to be installed at Bridgend will have the 
capability of simulating the commercial kiln to enable 
predictive testing to be performed. 
Patents  give  Powerhouse  unique  control  over  its 
technology, but knowhow and expertise is considered 
to  be  more  important  and  can  mitigate  against 
copying.  

Maintain presence and communicate with government 
departments on Low Carbon Fuels Standards. 

Currently counterfactuals are not recognised within UK 
policy. 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Strategic Report 

Competition 

Competition may depress revenues or even 
act as a barrier to Powerhouse’s entry to the 
market. 

The  evidence  to  establish  and  deliver  commercial 
projects  acts  as  a  high  barrier  to  entry,  which  deters 
competition.  Powerhouse 
is  not  aware  of  any 
significant  competitor  within  its  business  strategic 
area.  

land 

Once  access  to 
is  established,  competitive 
pressures  lie  with  waste  gate  fees  and  offtake  sales. 
PHE strategy now is to target waste streams that can 
command  adequate  gate  fees  and  adapt  offtakes  to 
match  market  demand  –  hence  the  broadening  of 
offering beyond plastics and hydrogen. 

Funding of 
working 
capital/cash 
flow 

Cost  of  development  significantly  above 
ability of shareholder equity to fund. 

All capital projects are programmed, budgeted and the 
spend controlled. Most of the development spend on 
Protos is already expensed. 

Cash  position  inadequate  to  fund  project 
development. 

Cash flow is managed and reviewed monthly. 

New  business  strategy  of  providing  engineering 
services through Engsolve will improve cash flow. 

The  Group  considers  various  forms  of  funding  at  a 
Group and project specific level. 

Financing of 
capital projects 

Shareholder  equity  cannot  finance  capital 
projects.  

Project finance approach to be followed. Powerhouse 
will  de-risk  each  element  required  to  achieve  an 
investable project. 

Cost  of  capital  projects 
depress IRR below investment level. 

increase  and 

Engineering design completed. Specifications available 
for  plant  &  equipment  to  be  contracted  using  model 
form contracts. 

Projects  value  engineered  to  minimise  cost  prior  to 
design freeze. 

Capital costs to be fixed as early as possible. Currency 
risk to be hedged. 

Feedstock 
supply risk 

Feedstock  unavailable  or  only  at  negative 
gate fees. 

Feedstock supply risk will be held by developer / client. 
Powerhouse  will  only  validate  projects  that  have 
feedstock supply agreements in place.  

Offtake market 
risk 

Offtake market at different price point than 
anticipated. 

Lack of demand for offtake. 

Offtake  agreements  will  be  outside  scope  of 
Powerhouse, other than when Powerhouse carries out 
commercial feasibility study on  behalf of  a client. Off 
take agreements will be required for validation. These 
studies will be paid for by the client.  

Regulatory and 
Compliance 
Risk 

Regulations may change. 

Projects designed to meet existing regulations. Change 
in law provisions included in project contracts. 

10 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 

The Group now has five full time equivalent employees and will introduce KPIs across all aspects of the business, including business 
development, operations and finance. In particular, the appointment of a full time Chief Financial Officer in December 2023 requires 
new KPIs that drive improvements in financial management. 

The top level KPIs 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

Deliver fully functional FTU facility at Bridgend 
Sign and commence first licensed commercial project  
Develop and maintain technically and commercially qualified project pipeline that will have five projects in design within 
the next six years 

Financial measures: 

(cid:2)  Underlying profit and loss to measure the Group’s profitability for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the 
Group. It will exclude exceptional items, remeasurements, timing and force majeure incidents from the calculation; 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

Research  and  Development  spend.  This  will  measure  expenditure  invested  in  the  development  of  decarbonisation  of 
energy  systems,  and  will  provide  a transparent  view  of  the  Group’s  compatibility  with  reduction  in  contamination, 
pollution and climate change mitigation. 
Return  on  capital  employed  (ROCE).  The  Group  will  provide  a  target  and  forecast  on  the  potential  ROE  of  its  capital 
investments to provide an indication of its performance in generating value for shareholders. 

Non-Financial Measures 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

Contamination & Pollution Reduction. This is a projected measure of the reduction the Group’s  projects will have on 
reducing contamination and pollution by the waste products processed by the Group’s capital projects and engineering 
services provided to others.   
Business Development metrics such as a rolling pipeline of opportunities being taken through from viability studies to 
FEED, financial close and into build.  
Climate change mitigation. This is a projected measure of the reduction the Group’s projects and engineering services 
will have on reducing climate change impacts.   
Stakeholder satisfaction. Customer and stakeholder satisfaction will be measured with a view to maintaining engagement 
with these groups and improving service levels. 
Employee Engagement. The Group will measure how engaged our employees feel, based on the percentage of favorable 
responses to questions repeated annually in our employee engagement survey. The target will be to increase engagement 
compared  with  the  previous  year.  A  review  of  diversity  within  the  workforce  will  also  be  carried  out  a  with  view  to 
increasing diversity as the workforce grows. 

Statement of Directors’ Duties to Stakeholders under s.172 Companies Act 2006 

The Directors acted in in good faith throughout the year with a  view to promoting the long-term success of the Group for the 
benefit of its members as a whole, with due regard to stakeholders and the matters set out in section 172 of the Companies Act 
2006.  

The Board recognises its responsibilities to each of the Group’s stakeholders and to society, and have endeavoured to ascertain the 
interests and views of its stakeholders and consider these when making decisions. The Board acknowledges its responsibility for 
setting and monitoring the culture, values and reputation of the Powerhouse Energy Group, and seeks to live by its values.  

When  making  decisions,  the  Directors  have  regard  to  all  stakeholders  but  acknowledge  that  not  every  decision  will  result  in  a 
preferred  outcome  for  all.  The  Group  regards  its  shareholders,  employees,  customers,  contractors,  consultants  and  advisors, 
business partners and suppliers as forming part of the wider stakeholder group. The Board strives to balance the different and 
competing priorities and interests of our stakeholders in a way compatible with the long-term, sustainable success of the business 
and which maintains a standard of business conduct aligned to our values and purpose. 

11 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

The Directors are aware of their duty under section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 to act in the way which they consider, in good 
faith, would be most likely to promote the success of the Group for the benefit of its members as a whole and, in doing so, to have 
regards (amongst other matters) to: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

The likely consequences of any decision in the long term;  
The interests of the Group’s employees; 
The need to foster the Group’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others;  
The impact of the Group’s operations on the community and the environment; 
The desirability of the Group maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and 
The need to act fairly between members of the Group. 

The  Board  recognises  that  the  long-term  success  of  the  Group  requires  positive  interaction  with  its  stakeholders.  Positive 
engagement  with  stakeholders  will  enable  our  stakeholders  to  better  understand  the  activities,  needs  and  challenges  of  the 
business  and  enable  the  Board  to  better  understand  and  address  relevant  stakeholder  views  which  will  assist  the  Board  in  its 
decision making and to discharge its duties under Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006. 

We reproduce here the Code of Conduct of the Group for easy reference, which the directors believe meet the requirements of 
s172 of the Companies Act 2006. 

Group’s Code of Conduct 

Introduction 

1. 
This Powerhouse Energy Group (Powerhouse) Code of Conduct is a steering document that defines how the Group will act towards 
its employees, towards its clients, business partners, suppliers, competitors, and other organisations in all situations related to our 
business. The Code of Conduct is an integral part of the Group’s Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Strategy and defines 
our corporate responsibility in society. 

It  is  mandatory  that  this  Code  of  Conduct  is  understood  and  complied  with  by  all  personnel  working  for  the  Group  and  its 
subsidiaries or on their behalf, including Representatives.  

The Powerhouse Board of Directors are ultimately responsible for the Code and its implementation. The Board will monitor its 
compliance through annual performance reviews, annual employee surveys and internal and external audits. 

All Powerhouse officers, employees and those representing the Group represent the Group’s brand and reputation through the 
solutions and value we create and through our behaviour. 

2.  Our People 
Powerhouse  will  maintain  a  structured  recruitment  process  with  a  structured  performance  appraisal  and  talent  management 
process. We will create development opportunities and continuous learning for our employees. By encouraging a feedback culture 
and working with the insights from our employees, we increase their engagement.  

It is the responsibility of each employee to look after their own personal and professional development, but at all times supported 
by the Group. Employees will be given equal opportunities for professional development both within their existing fields and in 
new areas. 

The Group believes that diversity is an important asset within the Group and in our relationships with clients and stakeholders. We 
promote equal rights and opportunities of employees in the workplace regardless of their gender identity, age, ethnicity, religion 
or other belief, disability, or sexual orientation.  

Social Responsibility 

3. 
The  Group  accepts  continuing  responsibility  for  its  services  to  its  clients  and  thereby  to  society.  The  Group  will  permanently 
contribute to the benefit of its clients and society through sustained technological development and personnel training aimed at 
improving its performance.  

Sustainability  is  a  permanent  goal  in  every  project.  The  largest  contribution  to  sustainability  lies  in  the  projects  Powerhouse 
develops and has three facets: 

12 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

1.  Our projects must contribute to sustainable development; 
2.  We will strive to increase the sustainability performance of our clients’ projects; and  
3.  We will act sustainably in our own operations and performance.  

Powerhouse is committed to improving the lives of people and to respect human rights. We aim to always act in a socially and 
ethically responsible way, within the laws of the countries in which we operate. We support and respect human rights, as defined 
by the UN in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 

4.  Quality of Service 
The Group will only undertake project assignments in its areas of expertise where it has the capabilities to deliver efficient and 
effective service to its clients. We are committed to providing high quality services to clients and will focus on quality management 
as a working methodology and on permanent improvement as a means to improve that quality of service. It is our intent to be 
certified in Quality, Environment and Health & Safety in accordance with ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 and we are committed 
to continuously improve our management system. We should note that the integration of Engsolve brings with it full ISO 9001 and 
14001 accreditation and a robust management system that can be adopted by Powerhouse. 

Health and safety is a top priority for the Group, with a zero-incident target. We are committed to eliminate hazards, reduce risk 
and ensure that health and safety information, instruction, training, and supervision is provided to all. 

The Group is committed to the continual improvement of its knowledge base, abilities and tools in the area of its expertise. The 
Group will focus on technology management as a working methodology and shall extend to its clients the benefits of its professional 
achievements. 

5.  Objectivity 
Powerhouse will be loyal to its clients and will maintain the confidentiality of any information from the client that is obtained in 
the process of performing services. The Group will also keep confidential the documents and reports prepared for the client. 

The Group will avoid any conflict of interest and will inform a client beforehand of any potential conflict of interest that could 
emerged during the execution of its services. 

The Group will only offer its services under contracting terms that do not interfere with its independence, integrity and objectivity. 

Powerhouse will not accept any remuneration that could encourage the offering of a biased opinion. 

6.  Corporate integrity 
Powerhouse complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and other requirements applicable to operations in the countries where 
Powerhouse is active. This Code applies to all parts of the organisation, irrespective of where we are based, or where our projects 
are performed. 

The Group will operate and compete in accordance with the legislation of each territory in which it operates and will not accept 
fraud, corruption, bribes, or unpermitted competition-restricting practices. We are committed to supporting international and local 
efforts to eliminate corruption and financial crime. We will not commit to activities that we cannot defend or account for, and we 
must not make decisions based on improper relationships or personal relationships. We also undertake to maintain correct and 
accurate accounting and reporting in accordance with the accounting rules in each territory in which we operate.   

The Group will act at all times for the benefit of clients, and will carry out services with professional integrity, whilst not jeopardising 
the interests of society. 

The promotional activity of the Group and its services will uphold the dignity and reputation of the industry. Brochures and other 
formal documents describing resources, experience, work and reputation will reflect the Group’s actual circumstances in a truthful 
manner. 

The Group will manage with integrity its internal and external clients. It will focus on business integrity management as a working 
methodology. 

13 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

We respect the privacy of individuals and recognise the importance of personal data entrusted to us by our employees, clients, and 
other parties. Confidential information received by Powerhouse from clients and other external  parties must as a minimum be 
treated and protected in the same way as the Group’s own confidential information. It is the responsibility of every employee and 
representative to process and protect all personal data compliant with the applicable privacy legislation in a relevant and proper 
manner. 

Employees and representatives must report any violations of business ethics or human rights that arise in their course of work, 
even if the Group is not directly involved or party to it. In addition, employees should report incidents which could be a breach of 
business ethics and may remain anonymous if they so wish. 

7.  Communications 
Powerhouse  employees  are  encouraged  to  communicate  and  share  information  but  must  at  the  same  time  ensure  that  the 
Powerhouse brand is strengthened and not weakened. 

Our communications must always reflect, protect and develop the Group’s position in the market as well as show that we are 
available to our stakeholders. Every Powerhouse employee and representative is an ambassador for theGroup. Communications 
must support the Group’s business goals and profitable growth strategy while securing a cohesive brand identity in the market. All 
managers  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  they  and  their  employees  comply  with  the  guidance  documents  that  apply  for 
communication within and from Powerhouse. 

As a Group quoted on the AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange, we are obliged to communicate anything related to, inter 
alia, the Powerhouse business, financial condition and results in line with the laws and rules that apply to such companies. We 
report transactions correctly and in a true and fair way. 

8.  Competition 
The Group will only solicit work and participate in private and public competitive tendering under a high standard of corporate 
ethics  and  competitive  practices,  and  with  total  integrity  in  its  transactions.  The  Group  will  not  participate  in  prohibited  anti-
competitive activities, illegal price-fixing agreements, market sharing or abuse of dominant position. 

The Group favours quality-based selection for the contracting of services. 

If  solicited  to  review  the  work  performed  by  another  Group,  the  Group  will  act  in  accordance  with  its  business  integrity  and 
objectivity policies. 

The  Group  will  not  endorse  compensation  or  contribution  arrangements  destined  to  influence  or  secure  work,  nor  seek 
commissions from suppliers of equipment and services recommend it to the client as part of the Group’s services. 

The Group will not take part in activities that could damage the reputation of its business or the business of others. 

Paul Emmitt 
Chief Executive Officer 
31 May 2024 

14 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT  

The  Directors  present  their  report  together  with  the  audited  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  for 
Powerhouse Energy Group Plc (“Powerhouse”, “PHE”, "Group" or the “Company”). The financial statements have been prepared 
in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS)  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board 
(IASB), as adopted for use in the United Kingdom (UK) and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS (except as otherwise stated. 

Principal Activities 
Powerhouse is incorporated in England and Wales with company number 03934451. The Company is a public limited Group which 
trades on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The Group includes in its consolidated accounts two subsiduaries, Protos 
Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited and Engsolve Limited. Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No. 1 Limited is a subsidiary that is aiming to 
licence  technology  projects  in  the  UK.  Engsolve  is  a  multi  disciplined  Engineering  Consultancy  with  significant  experience  in 
undertaking engineering design  and support for third  party customers. The address of the registered office is Unit 3/3A, Garth 
Drive, Brackla Industrial Estate, Bridgend CF31 2AQ. 

Powerhouse  designs  non-recyclable  waste  regeneration  facilities  to  produce  electricity,  heat,  and  gases  such  as  hydrogen  and 
Syngas (Synthetic natural gas), whilst removing carbon from the ecosystem. It provides associated engineering and testing services 
and  customer  support  for  the  lifetime  of  the  facility.  Its  offering  includes  its  Distributed  Modular  Generation  (DMG™)  product 
platform for the advanced thermal treatment of waste streams, converting them to a synthesis gas, which can then be processed 
further as required. 

Business Strategy 
The Group Business strategy is described in the Strategic Report. 

Business Review 
The review of the year and the Directors’ strategy are set out in the Strategic Report and the Chairman & CEO’s Reports. 

Key Performance Indicators 
At the year ended 31 December 2023, the Directors consider that future performance be measured against the commercialisation 
and business development milestone activities reported in the Strategic Report. 

Future Developments 
Expected future developments and the Group’s corporate development strategies are reported in the Chairman and CEO’s Reports 
and the Strategic Report. 

Management of Capital  
Matters related to the management of capital are set out in the Strategic Report. 

Subsidiaries, associates and other investments 
The Group’s UK subsidiaries are Powerhouse Energy UK Limited, Powerhouse Energy International Limited, Engsolve Limited and 
Protos  Plastics  to  Hydrogen  No.  1  Limited.  Consolidated  Financial  statements  are  therefore  prepared  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2023.  

There are long-term restrictions on the operations of the Group’s subsidiaries in the US (Powerhouse Energy Inc.) and Switzerland 
(Pyromex AG). With these restrictions in place, the Group is unable to exert control over these subsidiaries. Therefore for these 
subsidiaries the Group has claimed exemptions applicable to it under Companies Act 2006 sections 405 (2) and 405 (3b) and IFRS 
10 not to include them in the Consolidated financial statements.  

In 2022, the Group had one associate, Engsolve Limited (“Engsolve”), in which a 48.39% interest was acquired on 12 August 2021 
for a cash consideration of £99,990. Engsolve is incorporated and operates in the UK. On 21 June 2023, the Group completed the 
acquisition  of  the  entire  outstanding  shareholding  of  Engsolve  for  a  cash  consideration  of  £572,896.  The  accounts  include  the 
Group’s share of Engsolve’s profits made after the 2021 initial 48.39% acquisition and prior to the 2023 acquisition of the remaining 
interest. The rationale for the acquisition is detailed in the Strategic Report. 

On 30 April 2023 The Group acquired 100% shareholding of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited for a cash consideration of 
£1. The Group accounts include Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited. The rationale for the acquisition is detailed in the Strategic 
Report. 

15 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

Powerhouse  still  maintains  its  shareholding  in  Altec  Energy  Limited  (“Altec”),  and    continues  to  support  it  in  developing 
opportunities. 

Results and Dividends for the Year 
The Group financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out in this annual report. The Group loss for the year 
after taxation amounted to £1,427,648 (2022: loss of £46,198,679). The net assets of the Group are £8,481,016 (2022: £8,868,663) 
with the movement in the year set out in the Statement of Changes in Equity.  

The Group has not paid a dividend during the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: £nil) and the Directors do not recommend the 
payment of a dividend at 31 December 2023 (2022: £nil). 

Research and Development  
Research and development related costs incurred during the year, relating to the DMG product, amounted to £561,474 (2022: 
£431,185). This excludes amounts expended on client projects that are expected to be recovered. 

Financial Risk 
Financial risk management and exposure are set out in the Strategic Report. 

Events after the Reporting Period 
There have been no significant events since the balance sheet date other than those discussed in the Strategic Report and note 31 
to the Group financial statements. 

Directors  
The Directors who held office during the period and up to the date of the Annual Report are as follows: 

Current Board Members:  
Paul Robert Emmitt 
Ben Scott Brier (appointed on 8 December 2023) 
Hugh Michael Grant McAlister  
David (Dewi) John Hitchcock (appointed on 1 January 2023) 
Anthony Clive Jones Gale (appointed on 1 January 2023) 
Karol Michal Kacprzak (appointed on 16 February 2023) 

Board Members who served and left during period:  
Keith Riley (resigned on 5 September 2023) 
Antony Royston Gardner-Hillman (appointed on 1 January 2023 and resigned on 15 December 2023) 

Company Secretary 
Delgany Corporate Services Limited  

A brief biography of the current Directors is set out below:  

Executive Directors: 

Paul Emmitt, Chief Executive Officer 
Paul Emmitt was appointed as Chief Technical Officer in June 2021 and joined the Board as an Executive Director on 2 March 2022 
after which he became Chief Operating Officer in August 2022. He was appointed as Acting Chief Executive Officer on 6 September 
2023  and  then  became  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  on  27  November  2023.  Mr  Emmitt  is  a  Chartered  Materials  Engineer  and 
Chartered Environmental Engineer with over twenty years engineering and operational management experience both in the UK 
and overseas.  

Mr Emmitt holds an MBA in Engineering Management. His experience encompasses work in the oil, gas, energy-from-waste and 
chemical industries as well as periods with major international companies at levels from Engineer to Director. In all sectors he has 
been a designer as well as a project and HSE manager. 

Mr Emmitt is a member of the Audit Committee. 

16 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

Ben Brier, Chief Financial Officer 
Ben Brier was appointed as Chief Financial Officer on 8 December 2023, having previously been the Acting Chief Financial Officer 
since August 2022. Mr Brier is a qualified management accountant and has over 25 years of experience in managing financial and 
commercial operations while delivering on strategic leadership and guidance. He has a strong track record of enhancing operational 
efficiencies and providing cost saving solutions for high-profile companies, including work as Group Finance Director at Scotfield 
Group  Ltd.  He  has  extensive  knowledge  across  Commercial,  Industrial  and  Residential  construction  including  project  recovery 
within a joint venture for a sustainably focused plc.  

Non-Executive Directors: 

Dewi (David) Hitchcock OBE, Acting Non-Executive Chairman 
David Hitchcock joined the Board as a non-executive director on 1 January 2023, before becoming Acting Non-Executive Chairman 
on  15  November  2023.  David  has  been  a  director  of  several  UK  Companies  in  the  Financial  Services  and  Precision  Engineering 
Sectors, most recently as Chairman of States Bridge Capital which lists private companies onto the UK Stock Market and also acts 
as financial advisor. He has spent over 30 years in finance including 17 years as a Managing Director at JPMorgan and Chairman of 
Grant Thornton’s UK Banking and Securities Group. He served as a Captain in the Brigade of Gurkhas and is a graduate of The Royal 
Military Academy, Sandhurst. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. 

Mr Hitchcock is a member of the Audit Committee. 

Hugh McAlister, Non-Executive Director 
Hugh McAlister was appointed to the Board on 4 February 2022. Mr McAlister began his career in the City and has over 40 years’ 
stockbroking experience. Most recently he has been the Executive Chairman of Novum Securities Limited since 2018, having been 
its Chief Executive Officer for the previous nine years. Prior to this, Mr McAlister was a founding partner and head of trading a 
Kaupthing Singer & Friedlander Capital Markets and Head of Pan European Equities at Dresdner Kleinwort Benson. 

Mr McAlister is Chair of the Remuneration Committee. 

Anthony Gale, Non-Executive Director 
Anthony Gale joined the Board on 1 January 2023. A Royal Navy trained Technician Engineer veteran, Mr Gale has over 30 years’ 
experience in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, primarily in power generation and transmission with 17 years at GE where 
he was the Corporate Director for enterprise projects and General Manager responsible for delivering GE’s Olympic sponsorship 
programme for London 2012 before moving into working with cleantech SMEs preparing for commercialisation and investment 
through his company, Anthony Gale Cleantech Consultants Ltd. Mr Gale is a Board Observer at QuoteonSite Ltd on behalf of the 
Development Bank of Wales. 

Mr Gale is Chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Remuneration Committee. 

Karol Kacprzak, Non-Executive Director 
Prof. Kacprzak joined the Board on 16 February 2023. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Chemistry at Adam 
Mickiewiez University in Poznan, Poland and has over 20 years’ of academic experience. He is also member of the Polish Chemical 
Society.  At  Adam  Mickiewiez  University  he  was  awarded  a  Phd  with  distinction  in  Chemistry  and  other  awards  in  science  and 
education. 

Prof Kacprzak is an expert in organic and medicinal chemistry with ca. 40 research papers, 12 international patents and several 
patent  applications.  He  is  also  actively  collaborating  as  an  advisor  in  the  chemical  industry  (AdvaChemLab,  Bioten,  Grace  and 
others). 

Directors’ Service Contracts 
Details of the Directors’ service contracts and their respective notice terms are detailed in the Remuneration Committee report. 

Directors’ Interests 

The interests of the Directors who held office at 31 May 2024, being the latest practicable date before the publication of the 
Annual Report and at 31 December 2023, in the ordinary shares of the Group, were as follows: 

17 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

David Hitchcock 

Anthony Gale 

Paul Emmitt 

Karol Kacprzak 

Ben Brier 

Hugh McAlister 

Significant Shareholders 

Number of ordinary shares 

31 May 2024 

31 December 2023 

- 

- 

N/A 

N/A 

3,574,901 

3,574,901 

- 

N/A 

6,533,007 

6,533,007 

- 

N/A 

As at 27 May 2024, being the latest practicable date before the publication of the Annual Report, the Group is aware of the following 
significant interests in its ordinary, voting share capital:  

Holder 

White Family* consisting of: - 

* Josh White 

* Ben White 

* Serena White-Reyes 

* Howard White 

Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers 

Interactive Investor Services Limited 

Halifax Share Dealing Limited 

Barclays Stockbrokers Limited 

Trading 212 UK Limited 

AJ Bell Securities Limited 

Ing Diba AG 

Amount 

 689,778,768  

 253,806,854  

190,741,532  

214,584,086  

30,646,296  

943,200,704 

493,247,960 

235,873,196 

223,821,222  

167,248,712  

151,996,919  

137,747,469  

Percentage 

16.56% 

6.09% 

4.58% 

5.15% 

0.74% 

22.64% 

12.81% 

5.66% 

5.37% 

4.02% 

3.65% 

3.31% 

Corporate Governance 
The Group complies with the AIM Rules for Companies, including AIM Rule 26, concerning the disclosure of information. It also 
complies  with  the  provisions  of  the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance  Corporate  Governance  Code  (“QCA  Code”).  More  details  are 
provided in the Corporate Governance Report in this document. 

Payment to Suppliers 
The Group does not have a standard or code which deals specifically with the payment of suppliers. Average creditor days for the 
Group for the year ended 31 December 2023 were 11 days (2022: 22 days). 

Risk Management and Principal Risks 
The principal risks to the Group, including financial risks and exposures and descriptions of how they are managed is explained in 
detail in the Strategic Report. 

Going Concern Basis 
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis as explained in Note 1.3 to the financial statements. 

Political Donations 
The Group has not made any political donations in the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: nil). 

18 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report 

Auditors 
Barnes Roffe LLP are completed the 2023 Financial Year Audit. Jeffries Henry LLP completed the 2022 Financial Year audit. 

Each of the persons being a Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

So far as the Director is aware there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware; and 
The Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director in order to make himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Group’s auditor is aware of that information.  

This confirmation is given, and should be interpreted, in accordance with the provisions of s.418 of the Companies Act 2006.  
Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on behalf of the Board on 31 May 2024.  

Paul Emmitt 
Director 

19 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
EEnvironmental, Social and Governance Review 

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE REVIEW  

Introduction 
In  the  development  and  commercialisation  of  our  technology  –  especially  our  proprietary  system  for  producing  energy  and 
hydrogen from waste products – we offer the ability to create a clean energy source by disposing of waste that fails to be recycled 
- one of the planet’s most pressing enviromental challenges. Prevention of pollution as well as minimising climate change sits at 
the very heart of ‘Sustainability’. As does the responsible use of resources, which is essential to sustaining humanity.  

This strategy outlines Powerhouse’s approach to sustainability and its environmental, social and governance priorities – the three 
pillars of corporate sustainability – through which the Group’s purpose is to be achieved and measured.  

The PHE Purpose and Our Approach to Sustainability  
We believe that our corporate activities can make a significant contribution to achieving some of the United Nations’ Sustainable 
Development Goals (SDGs). These 17 goals were developed to support the UN 2030 Agenda which aims ultimately to end poverty 
and inequality and to protect the planet.   

Whilst we cannot impact all 17 of these goals, we are well-positioned and capable of contributing to six of the goals, which span 
the area of our expertise: These include:   

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

SDG 7 – Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all;  

SDG 8 – Promote sustained inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work 
for all;  

SDG 9 – Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization;  

SDG 11 – Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable;  

SDG 12 – Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns; and  
SDG 13 – Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. 

Powerhouse’s proprietary waste to energy technology can produce low-carbon hydrogen which is a clean energy source at the 
point of use and results in a lower carbon footprint than most hydrogen currently produced in the world. It also has a lower carbon 
footprint than the current disposal method of incineration. Hydrogen is increasingly seen as an essential component in the energy 
transition to clean energy production away from fossil fuels. It is regarded as potentially the best available fuel for heavy duty and 
long range transport, for decarbonising key industries including cement and steel production and potentially domestic heating. The 
fact that our technology also deals with wastes, the treatment of which would otherwise cause significant production of CO2, makes 
it a complementary technology rather than a competing one.  

Defining What Matters  
While  our  vision  and  purpose  may  contribute  to  and  facilitate  sustainable  development,  we  firmly  understand  that  a  truly 
sustainable Group is one that is a good corporate citizen and seeks to create long-term value for all stakeholders. In other words, 
as a responsible business it is important that we minimise our own impact and support the communities in which we live and work.  

Environmental,  Social  and  Governance  (ESG)  is  the  framework  by  which  a  Group’s  good  corporate  citizenship  is  measured.  Of 
course, not all ESG issues are material to the business. However, given that Powerhouse is still a small and focused Group, our 
environmental and  social impacts and the ways  in which these need  to be managed are still very limited.  As our projects gain 
traction, we will assess the materiality of our activities to identify what matters most to our stakeholders and to the Group.  

ESG Priorities 
Considering the current phase of Powerhouse growth, being largely focused on feasibility, planning and licensing, we consider our 
current ESG priorities to be as follows: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

To  integrate  environmental  sustainability  into  our  designs,  the  engineering  and  operational  services  we  provide, 
minimising waste and optimising the use of resources. 

To reduce emissions and set science-based targets to achieve net zero across the activities of the business by 2035. 

To ensure the safety and well-being of all our employees and contractors, as well as those communities residing within 
the sphere of our activities. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EEnvironmental, Social and Governance Review 

4. 

5. 

6. 

To make a positive difference to our host communities and to provide high-quality jobs that support local economies. 

To be collaborative, trusted and a good neighbour helping to tackle common challenges. 

To create awareness and educate our stakeholders on the scope and value of our projects and of the nature and benefits 
of low-carbon hydrogen more broadly. 

Investing in innovation 
Powerhouse invests in innovation and research. We have developed one means of helping to remove plastic pollution and convert 
end of life plastic to a carbon-free fuel. The Group will pursue further opportunities to contribute to removal of pollution, achieving 
a circular economy in use of resources, providing low carbon heat and electricity at a community level, and exploring how to create 
true sustainable outcomes for the built environment. We will continue to prioritise the use of innovative design approaches to help 
unlock opportunities for our clients and offer design solutions and options that build resilience for both their and our projects. 

Social Responsibility   
Our People 
Powerhouse understands that it has a fundamental responsibility to protect and improve the lives of our employees and community 
stakeholders. The safety, health and well-being of our people, our clients and the public is, therefore, a foremost priority. In fulfilling 
this commitment, Powerhouse promotes the importance of health and safety to all stakeholders and has implemented procedures 
to ensure that the working environment is safe, fair and inclusive. 

Our Community  
Powerhouse’s aim as a responsible corporate citizen is to create sustainable and shared values for the communities residing in the 
vicinities of our projects.  

Our Clients 
Powerhouse acts with integrity in all our business dealings. We have a strong sense of responsibility to treat people respectfully 
and we maintain ethical business standards in all the markets in which we operate. 

Powerhouse  prides  itself  on  its  technical  innovation  to  unlock  opportunities  and  provide  service  for  our  clients.  Engineering 
technology will be key to addressing the major global issues and the Group wishes to make its contribution to that. 

Thought leadership and championing innovation 
The Group commits to continuing to share our technical knowledge, insights and experience, and actively engage and collaborate 
with our peers, academia and industry. Change must come and we want to be part of that renaissance. 

Good Governance  
Powerhouse is committed to maintaining the highest standards of governance, ethical conduct, and regulatory compliance both in 
terms  of  United  Kingdom  law  and  international  standards.  The  Board  has  oversight  and  overall  accountability  for  guiding  the 
strategic direction of the Group, for ensuring an ethical culture and for effective control and legitimacy.  

More details of our ESG policy and commitments are available on www.phegroup.com 

Paul Emmitt 
Chief Executive Officer 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  

Introduction 

The Directors attach great importance to maintaining high standards of corporate governance to help achieve the Company’s goals. 
To that end, the Company has adopted the principles set out in the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code for 
Small and Mid-Size Quoted Companies (the ‘QCA Code’) 2018. The QCA Code, which is constructed around 10 broad principles, sets 
out  a  standard  of  minimum  best  practice  for  small  and  mid-size  quoted  companies,  including  AIM  companies.  Companies  are 
required to disclose how the implementation of the QCA Code has been applied or, to the extent not done so, to explain any areas 
of departure from its requirements. 

We have considered how we apply each principle to the extent that the Board judges these to be appropriate for our circumstances, 
and below we provide an explanation of the approach taken in relation to each. Our compliance with the QCA Code is based on the 
Company’s current practices and the improvements in its governance made since the last Annual General Meeting. The Company 
reviewed its corporate governance practices as part of the process of appointing its new nominated adviser on 31 January 2024. 

The QCA Code makes clear it is the prime responsibility of the Chairman to ensure the Company applies the QCA Code for the 
benefit  of  all  the  Company’s  stakeholders.  The  Chairman  and  the  Board  accept  their  responsibility  for  setting  the  Company’s 
corporate culture, its values and for the behaviour of all its employees. 

This report sets out our approach to the QCA Code and governance. Our compliance with the 10 principles is also available to view 
on the Company’s website: www.phegroup.com 

We have identified one principal area where we are not in full compliance, Principle 9: 

Following changes to the Board in 2023, the current composition of the Audit Committee does not follow the best practice guidance 
in  that  its  membership  comprises  one  independent  non-executive  director  who  is  the  chair  of  the  Audit  Committee,  the 
independent  non-executive  chairman  and  one  executive  director,  appointed  for  their  financial  and  sector  expertise.  The 
composition of the Audit Committee may be reviewed and adjustments made as required. 

The QCA Code allows cross reference to disclosures made on the website rather than repeating them all in this Report. The principal 
disclosures such as the Remuneration Committee and Directors’ Report will continue to be included in the Annual Report. However, 
for a full assessment of the Company, shareholders are encouraged to review the Company’s website for regulatory disclosures and 
for up-to-date information on activities. 

QCA Principles 

Principle 1 - Establish a strategy and business model which promote long-term value for shareholders 
Powerhouse has a clear business model and growth strategy details of which are set out in the Strategic Report. Our objective is to 
be a leading technology provider, offering solutions to global pollution by converting non-recycled waste into sustainable energy 
whilst mitigating climate change impacts.. 

Details  of  the  Company’s  strategy  and  business  model  are  set  out  in  the  Strategic  Report.  This  describes  progress  to  date,  our 
commercial partnerships, our DMG™ development programme and our plans. Key challenges facing the Company and how they 
will be addressed are set out in the Strategic Report in the section headed Principal Risks and Uncertainties. 

Principle 2 - Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 
Powerhouse  is  committed  to  open  communication  with  all  its  shareholders.  The  Company  believes  it  is  important  to  explain 
business  development  and  financial  results  to  its  shareholders  and  to  ensure  that  suitable  arrangements  allow  the  issues  and 
concerns of shareholders to be heard and understood. 

Since  his  appointment  in  December  2023,  the  Acting  Chair  is  primarily  responsible  for  shareholder  liaison.  The  Chief  Executive 
Officer  and  various  Non-Executive  Directors  also  support  the  Chair  and  have  held  meetings  and  discussions  with  the  largest 
shareholders and its broker to understand shareholders’ needs and expectations. Feedback is considered and action is taken if it is 
considered to be in the interests of all shareholders. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

Hard copies of the Annual Report and Accounts are issued to all shareholders who have requested them and these, together with 
the interim results are also published on the Company’s website at www.phegroup.com. The Company makes full use of its website 
to provide information to shareholders, other stakeholders, potential customers, and other interested parties. 

Shareholders are given the opportunity to raise questions at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and the Directors are normally 
available both before and after the meeting for further discussion with shareholders. As a matter of policy, the level of proxy votes 
(for, against and votes withheld) lodged on each resolution is declared at the meeting. In the event there were a significant number 
of votes against a resolution, the Directors would seek to communicate with the shareholder(s) concerned to discuss their issues. 
There  is  normally  a  presentation  to  shareholders  at  the  AGM  to  share  the  Company’s  vision  and  discuss  its  progress  and 
performance.  

The Board receives regular share register analysis reports to monitor the Company’s shareholder base and help identify the types 
of investors on the register. 

Principle 3 - Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for long- term success 
The  Company  regards  its  shareholders,  employees,  customers,  contractors,  consultants  and  advisors,  business  partners  and 
suppliers as forming part of the wider stakeholder group. The Company recognises the contribution of each of these stakeholder 
groups and seeks to build meaningful and mutually beneficial relationships with them all. 

As the needs and growth of the business evolves, management identifies key relationships and aims to ensure they are managed 
appropriately. 

The Company’s internal stakeholders are its employees and its consultants. The Company is fully committed to promoting a working 
environment  of  equal  opportunities  for  all  without  discrimination  or  harassment  and  regardless  of  part-time  working,  gender, 
sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or disability 

The  Company  proactively  seeks  feedback  to  enable  the  management  to  make  improvements  and  changes  to  products  and 
processes.  All  stakeholders  have  access  to  contact  information  for  communication  with  the  Company.  Feedback  is  respectfully 
acknowledged by the Company and appropriately dealt with. 

The  Board  believes  that  investment  in  the  wider  stakeholder  network  assists  the  achievement  of  its  long-term  goals  and  helps 
create an environment of trust which will promote the long-term success of the Company. 

There are further details of the Company’s approach to corporate social responsibility in the Environmental, Social and Governance 
Review in this Annual Report and Financial Statements. 

Principle 4 - Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation 
Risk assessment and evaluation is an essential part of the Company’s planning and an important aspect of the Company’s internal 
control system. 

The Board has established a comprehensive risk register relating to significant aspects of the Company’s business. This is reviewed 
regularly by the Board. 

Standards and policies 
The  Board  is  committed  to  maintaining  appropriate  standards  for  all  the  Group’s  business  activities  and  ensuring  that  these 
standards are set out in written policies. Key examples of such standards and policies include: 

Policy for Authorities and Approvals  
Share Dealing Code 
Social Media Policy 
Terms of Reference for the Board Committees 
Business Ethics Policy 
Environmental, Social and Governance Policy 
Health and Safety Policy 
Employment Policy 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

Approval process 
All significant contracts are required to be reviewed and signed by a Director of the Company. 
For further details of the Company’s approach to risk and its management, please refer to the Principal Risks and Uncertainties 
section of the Strategic Report in this Annual Report and Financial Statements. 

Principle 5 – Maintain the board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair 
The Board comprises two executive and four non-executive Directors and it oversees and implements the Company’s corporate 
governance programme. 

Following the departure of Antony Gardner-Hillman as  Non-Executive Chair on 15 December 2023, David (Dewi) Hitchcock was 
appointed  as  Acting  Chairman  until  a  permanent  Chair  is  appointed.  Paul  Emmitt  was  appointed  Chief  Executive  Officer  on  27 
November 2023.  

The executive Directors are Paul Emmitt and Ben Brier. The non-executive Directors are David (Dewi) Hitchcock, Hugh McAlister, 
Anthony Gale and Karol Kacprzak. 

The Chairman is responsible for the Company’s approach to corporate governance and the application of the principles of the QCA 
Code. Following new Board appointments in 2023, the Chairman (David (Dewi) Hitchcock) and the Non-Executive Directors - Hugh 
McAlister,  Anthony  Gale  and  Karol  Kacprzak  -  are  the  Company’s  independent  Directors  and,  as  such,  are  independent  of 
management and any business or other relationships which would interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. 

Each Board member commits sufficient time to fulfil their duties and obligations to the Board and the Company. They attend board 
meetings,  join  ad  hoc  board  calls  and  are  available  for  consultation  when  needed.  The  contractual  arrangements  between  the 
Directors and the Company specify the minimum time commitments which are considered sufficient for the proper discharge of 
their duties. When exceptional circumstances arise all Board members understand the need to commit additional time. 

Board  packs  include  information  on  business  developments,  progress  and  risks  faced  as  well  as  financial  performance  and  are 
circulated ahead of board meetings. Key issues are highlighted and explained, providing board members with sufficient information 
to enable full discussion in the board meeting. From time to time, members of the Company’s senior management present to the 
Board to update them on issues and developments. 

The Board is supported by its Audit Committee and its Remuneration Committee as well as the qualified Company Secretary. 

Board and committee meetings 
Attendances of Directors at Board and committee meetings convened in 2023, and which they were eligible to attend, are set out 
below:  

Director 

Number of meetings in year 

David (Dewi) Hitchcock* 

Paul Emmitt 

Ben Brier* 

Hugh McAlister 

Keith Riley* 

Antony Gardner-Hillman* 

Karol Kacprzak* 

Anthony Gale* 

Board Meetings 
Attended 

Remuneration 
Committee Attended 

Audit Committee 
Attended 

9 

8/9 

9/9 

N/A 

9/9 

7/9 

9/9 

6/9 

9/9 

3 

N/A 

1/3 

N/A 

3/3 

N/A 

2/3 

N/A 

3/3 

1 

1/1 

1/1 

N/A 

N/A 

1/1 

N/A 

N/A 

N/A 

*Notes: 
Ben Brier was appointed to the Board on 8 December 2023. 
David (Dewi) Hitchcock appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023. 
Anthony Gale was appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023. 
Antony Gardner-Hillman was appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023 and resigned on 15 December 2023. 
Karol Kacprzak was appointed to the Board on 16 February 2023. 
Keith Riley resigned from the Board on 5 September 2023. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

2023  was  a  year  of  many  Board  changes.  There  were  three  formal  meetings  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  although  the 
membership changed due to board changes.  

There was only one formal meeting of the Audit Committee in 2023 in which the audit of the financial statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2022 was discussed. The same financial statements were discussed by the full Board with the auditors before 
being approved by the Directors of the Company in June 2023.  

Appointment and tenure 
The  Board  makes  decisions  regarding  the  appointment  and  removal  of  Directors.  There  is  a  formal,  rigorous  and  transparent 
procedure for appointments, some of which have been delegated to the Remuneration Committee which, when needed, also acts 
as Nomination Committee, to make recommendations to the Board about the appointment of Directors and senior executives. 
Appointments are made on merit, taking account of the balance of skills, experience and knowledge required. 

As part of its commitment to improve accountability to shareholders, the Board has decided that, in future, any director who is over 
the age of 70 or has been on the Board for eight years or more at the date of the Annual General Meeting will submit themselves 
for re-election annually, in addition to those Directors retiring by rotation in accordance with our Articles of Association.  

Principle 6 – Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities. 

The Board comprises two executive Directors and four non-executive Directors, including the Chair, who are all considered to be 
independent. Details of the Directors are set out in the Directors’ Report of this Annual Report and Financial Statements. 

The Chair believes that the Board should always have a suitable mix of skills and competencies covering all essential disciplines 
bringing a balanced perspective that is beneficial both operationally and strategically. 

The nature of the Company’s business requires the Directors to keep their skillset up to date. Periodic advice on regulatory matters 
is given  by the Company’s professional advisers. Directors joining the Board and new employees are offered full familiarisation 
briefings with the Company’s technology, the development programme and the current status of technology risk. New Directors 
are invited to attend familiarisation visits to the Company’s facilities. In addition, the Company periodically holds board meetings 
at the site of the facilities where directors can observe and speak to employees. 

The Board is supported by senior management and by its key partners and professional advisers. The advice provided to the Board 
is often commercially sensitive. It is used by the Board to inform their decisions but typically will not be disclosed. 

The Company Secretary supports the Board and reports directly to the Chair on governance matters. 

Principle 7 - Evaluate board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 

Board performance effectiveness process 
The  assessment  of  the  Board’s  performance  has  to  date  been  largely  focused  on  its  contribution  to  the  achievement  of  the 
Company’s financial and strategic goals. As the Company moves towards full commercial operation the Board intends to consider 
how to make the evaluation of its own performance more formal and rigorous. 

Each Board member is subject to a review by the Remuneration Committee based on their professional contribution as well as their 
contribution to the performance of the Company. 

The terms and conditions of the arrangements, including remuneration are set by the Remuneration Committee. 

Board appointments  
The  Remuneration  Committee,  which  acts  as  Nomination  Committee  as  needed,  meets  when  necessary  to  consider  the 
appointment of new Directors. Board members all have appropriate notice periods so that if a board member indicates his or her 
intention to step down, there is sufficient time to appoint a replacement, whether internal or external. 

Board appointments are made after consultation with advisers in all cases. The Nomad undertakes due diligence on all new potential 
board candidates. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

Each  Director  is  required  to  offer  themselves  for  re-election  at  least  once  every  three  years  as  per  the  Company’s  Articles  of 
Association. In addition, any Director who is over the age of 70 or has been on the Board for eight years or more at the date of the 
Annual  General  Meeting  will  submit  themselves  for  re-election  annually,  in  addition  to  those  Directors  retiring  by  rotation  in 
accordance with our Articles of Association. 

Succession planning 
Succession planning was undertaken by the then Chairman in consultation with the Board in 2023. However, with the changes to 
the Board, succession planning is to be a responsibility of the Remuneration Committee which acts as a Nominations Committee as 
needed. 

Principle 8 – Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 
Consistent with Principle 3 above, the Company operates an inclusive, transparent and respectful culture. 

The Board places particular emphasis on operating to the highest ethical and environmental standards. HS&E is a specific agenda 
item at every board meeting. Sustainability is placed at the heart of all decision-making and business activities. The Company’s 
objectives include observing the highest level of health and safety standards, developing our employees to their highest potential 
and being a good corporate citizen. A health and safety management system was developed for operation in 2021 with policies for 
health and safety, environment and quality which remain in place. 

Management engages with independent environmental and safety engineering specialists to review the Company’s product and 
demonstrate that it will have minimal environmental and safety impact on the communities in which the Company operates.  

The Company’s employment policies follow best practice, based on equal opportunities for all employees, irrespective of ethnic 
origin, religion, political opinion, gender, marital status, disability, age or sexual orientation. 

The Company strives to create a diverse and inclusive working environment where every employee feels welcome and can do their 
best work. Powerhouse believes in the benefits of diversity and the importance of bringing a wide range of skills, experience and 
perspectives into our business. The Directors continually work with senior management to promote the Company’s values and to 
monitor attitudes and behaviours to ensure that they are consistent with its culture. 

Principle 9 – Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision- making by 
the board. 
The Board has undergone significant change in the last two years and is now working to ensure that its processes and culture are 
appropriate for the Company’s current size and complexity. It continues to review its practices as the Company evolves and grows 
as part of its commitment to improve accountability to stakeholders. 

The Non-Executive Chair is responsible for the Board, corporate governance, investor relations and PR. The Chief Executive Officer 
has overall responsibility for managing the day-to-day operations of the Company and business development. The Board as a whole 
is responsible for implementing the Company’s strategy.  

The  Company  has  established  an  Audit  Committee  and  a  Remuneration  Committee  with  formally  delegated  duties  and 
responsibilities. 

Audit Committee 
The duties of the Audit Committee include reviewing, in draft, form the Company’s annual and half-yearly report and accounts and 
providing advice to the Board. Members of the Audit Committee are also responsible for reviewing and supervising the financial 
reporting process and internal control systems of Powerhouse. The Audit Committee is chaired by an independent non-executive 
Director, with the independent non-executive acting chair and chief executive officer being members. The Board recognises that 
having the Chairman and CEO as members of the Audit Committee is not encouraged practice but membership was decided based 
on the relevant skills of the Board members. The Chairman of the Board was a non-executive director when originally appointed to 
the Audit Committee in 2023. The Company will keep the composition of the Audit Committee under review. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Remuneration Committee is responsible for determining the policy for Directors’ remuneration and setting remuneration for 
the Company’s chair, executive Directors and senior management including share option schemes and any bonus arrangements. 
The Remuneration Committee also acts as a Nomination Committee as needed. No director plays any role in determining his or her 
own remuneration. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCorporate Governance Report 

2023 was a time of many Board changes. In 2023 the then Chairman of the Board was a member of the Remuneration Committee. 
Since  his  resignation  the  Remuneration  Committee  now  comprises  two  non-executive  Directors  with  suitable  knowledge  and 
experience. 

Principle 10 – Communicate how the company is governed and is performing by maintaining a dialogue with shareholders 
and other relevant stakeholders 
The Company maintains a regular dialogue with stakeholders including shareholders to enable interested parties to make informed 
decisions about the Company and its performance. Regular communication enables the Board to receive shareholders’ views by 
various means as set out in Principle 2 above. 

The Company regularly releases appropriate price sensitive and other regulatory information regarding its activities and progress 
to the market.  

The  Board  discloses  the  result  of  general  meetings  by  way  of  announcement  and  discloses  the  proxy  voting  numbers  to  those 
attending the meetings. In order to improve transparency, the Board has committed to announcing proxy voting results in future 
and disclosing them on the Company’s website. In the event that a significant portion of voters have voted against a resolution, an 
explanation of what actions it intends to take to understand the reasons behind the vote will be included. 

David Hitchcock 
On behalf of the Board 
31 May 2024 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RRemuneration Committee Report 

REMUNERATION COMMITTEE REPORT  

Remuneration Committee 
The  Remuneration Committee membership was updated in February 2023 and consisted of Antony Gardner-Hillman, Anthony 
Gale and Hugh McAlister. Following several board changes since then, the current members of the Remuneration Committee are 
Hugh McAlister and Anthony Gale with Mr McAlister acting as chair. The Remuneration Committee determines the remuneration 
and benefits of the Executive Directors and oversees the remuneration arrangements for the  Executive Management team, as well 
as monitoring remuneration policies for the wider workforce. The committee is responsible for determining the policy for Directors’ 
remuneration and setting remuneration for the Group’s chair, executive Directors and senior management including share option 
schemes and any bonus arrangements. The Remuneration Committee also acts as a Nomination Committee as needed. 

The committee met three times in 2023 to deal with existing remuneration packages and future packages. 

During the early months, the committee undertook a comprehensive review of the Directors and Executive Directors’ remuneration 
policy. This resulted in the committee presenting to the Board a proposed new remuneration package for the CEO and COO. The 
new CEO package was passed by the Board and accepted by the then acting CEO Paul Emmitt. It was decided that the position of 
COO would not be required for the foreseeable future. 

The Remuneration Committee also recommended and  agreed by the Board to terminate the agreement with Howard White as a 
strategic advisor. Notice was served and the agreement is no longer active. 

It was agreed by the committee and Board that a part time CFO should to be appointed to the Board. The Remuneration Committee 
proposed a package to the Board whereby Ben Brier would assume a full-time role in the Group which was accepted. 

Remuneration Policy 
The Remuneration Committee is aware that the remuneration package should be sufficiently competitive to attract, retain and 
motivate individuals capable of achieving the Group’s objectives and thereby enhancing shareholder value without paying more 
than is necessary, having regard to views  of  shareholders  and  other  stakeholders.  In  determining  remuneration  policy,  the 
Remuneration  Committee  considers  all  other  factors  which  it  deems  necessary  including  relevant  legal  and  regulatory 
requirements. No director or senior manager is involved in any decisions as to their own remuneration outcome.  

Service Contracts of the current Directors 
Paul Emmitt and Ben Brier have service contracts which can be terminated by providing six months’ written notice. Hugh McAlister, 
Anthony Gale and Karol Kacprzak and David (Dewi) Hitchcock have service contracts which can be terminated by providing three 
months’ written notice.   

Basic Salary and Benefits  
The remuneration of the Directors of the Group paid for the year or since date of appointment, if later, to 31 December 2023 is set 
out below: 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RRemuneration Committee Report 

Directors 

2023 

2023 

2023 

2023 

2023 

2022 

Salary 

Invoiced/Fee 

Share Based 
Payments 

Keith Riley* 

Paul Emmitt 

Ben Brier* 

Hugh McAlister 
Antony Royston Gardner-
Hillman* 

Anthony Clive Jones Gale* 

David (Dewi) John Hitchcock* 

Karol Kacprzak* 

James Greenstreet* 

Paul Drennan-Durose* 

Gillian Weeks* 

Allan Vlah*  

Russell Ward* 

Myles Howard Kitcher* 

£ 

45,000 

106,250 

9,375 

30,000 

30,000 

32,500 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£ 

112,528 

- 

82,500 

- 

- 

26,518 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Pension 

£ 

- 

4,000 

750 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

£ 

157,528 

110,250 

10,125 

30,000 

82,500 

30,000 

32,500 

26,518 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

£ 

92,546 

66,906 

- 

27,232 

- 

- 

- 

- 

15,000 

259,740 

24,296 

7,500 

18,899 

25,667 

221,546 

253,125 

TOTAL 
Notes*: 
Keith Riley resigned from the Board on 5 September 2023 
Ben Brier was appointed to the Board on 8 December 2023 
Antony Royston Gardner-Hillman was appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023 and resigned from the Board on 15 December 
2023 
Antony Clive Jones Gales was appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023 
David (Dewi) John Hitchcock was appointed to the Board on 1 January 2023 
Karol Kacprzak was appointed to the Board on 16 February 2023 

537,786 

479,421 

4,750 

- 

Share options held by the Directors are detailed in note 25.1 in the Notes to the Accounts. Total remuneration includes share-based 
payments arising from the issue of options amounting to £Nil (2022: Nil) and details are set out in note 25 in the Notes to the 
Accounts. There have been no awards of shares to Directors under long term incentive plans. 

Bonus Schemes 
There was no bonus scheme in place for 2023 and therefore no bonuses are payable in respect of the year ended 31 December 
2023 (2022: nil).  

Share Options 
There were no options granted to Directors in 2023. 
For details of the total number of options outstanding at 31 December 2023 please refer to Note 25 to the Accounts. 

Remuneration Committee Meetings and Attendance 
Please see the table in the Corporate Governance Report in this document for attendance by the members of the Remuneration 
Committee. 

On behalf of the Directors of Powerhouse Energy Group plc  

Hugh McAlister 
Chair of Remuneration Committee 
31 May 2024

29 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit Committee Report 

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 

I am pleased to present the Committee’s report for the year ended 31 December 2023. The following pages provide an insight into 
how the Committee discharged its responsibilities during the year and the key topics that it considered in doing so. The composition 
of the Audit Committee was updated in the third quarter of 2023 when Keith Riley resigned from the Board of Powerhouse and 
refreshed again in January 2024.  

Composition 
David (Dewi) Hitchcock had been appointed as Chair of the Audit Committee but when he became Acting Non-Executive Chair of 
the Group his role was assumed by Anthony Gale, a non-executive director. David remains as a member of the Audit Committee 
along with Paul Emmitt, the Chief Executive Officer. The Board recognises that having the Chairman and CEO as members of the 
Audit Committee is not encouraged practice but membership was decided based on the relevant skills of the Board members. The 
Group will keep the composition of the audit committee under review. 

Other members of the Board, the Chief Financial Officer and other members of senior management may also be invited to attend 
the meetings as guests. 

Role and Responsibilities 
The Audit Committee determines and examines any matters relating to the financial affairs of the Group including the terms of 
engagement of the  Group’s auditors and, in consultation with the auditors, the scope of the audit. There was only one formal 
meeting of the Audit Committee in 2023. In 2024 and onwards, the Audit Committee intends to meet at least twice in each financial 
year. 

The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the Group’s financial statements, reviewing significant financial 
reporting issues, reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems. In addition, it considers 
the  financial  performance,  position  and  prospects  of  the  Group  and  the  Group  and  ensures  they  are  properly  monitored  and 
reported on. It oversees the relationship with the Auditor (including advising on their appointment, agreeing the scope of the audit 
and reviewing the audit findings).  

The Board and the Audit Committee do not consider it appropriate for the current size of the Group to establish an internal audit 
function. However, this will be kept under review. 

Principal activities during the year 
The Committee held one meeting during the year under review and considered the following:  

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

An  overview  of  the  planned  work  by  the  external  auditors  on  the  2022  audit  including  the  scope  and  regulatory 
requirements of the audit and the fees; and 
The valuation report of the Group’s intangible assets.  

A further review of the audit and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 was undertaken by the full Board. 
The full Board reviewed the interim statement in 2023. 

The Committee’s planned activities during 2024 include: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

Review and approve the FY23 and FY24 external Auditor’s plan, including the proposed materiality threshold, the scope 
of the audit, the significant audit risks, proposed audit timetable and fees;  
Review the Group’s procedures, systems and controls for the prevention of bribery or fraud;  
Review the adequacy and security of the Group’s arrangements for its employees to raise concerns, in confidence, about 
possible wrongdoing in financial reporting or other matters. The Committee shall ensure that these arrangements allow 
proportionate and independent investigation of such matters and appropriate follow up action; 
Review the Committee’s internal audit role, in the absence of an external provider of an internal audit service;  
Risk – review and challenge the Risk Register and consider the risk appetite of the business.  

30 

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit Committee Report 

External Auditor 
Jeffreys Henry LLP (part of the Gravita group) had been the external Auditor of the Group since 2018. The Committee recommended 
to the Board that the external auditor should be changed to Barnes Roffe LLP for the FY 2023 audit. The continued appointment of 
Barnes Roffe LLP is to be reviewed by the Committee each year, taking into account the relevant legislation, guidance and best 
practice appropriate for a Group of Powerhouse’s size, nature and stage of development.  

The Audit Committee will consider a number of areas when reviewing the external Auditor appointment, namely its performance 
in discharging the audit, the scope of the audit and terms of engagement, its independence and objectivity, and its reappointment 
and remuneration.  

The breakdown of fees between audit and non-audit services paid to Jeffreys Henry LLP (the previous auditor, including half year) 
and Barnes Roffe during the financial year is set out in Note 4 to the Financial Statements. The non-audit fees relate to taxation 
advisory and compliance services. 

Attendance at Audit Committee Meetings 
Please see the table in the Corporate Governance Report in this document for attendance by the members of the Audit Committee. 

Anthony Gale 
Chair of the Audit Committee 
31 May 2024 

31 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES  

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and 
regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have 
elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted for 
use in the United Kingdom. Under company law the Directors must not approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these 
financial statements, International Accounting Standard 1 requires that Directors: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

properly select and apply accounting policies; 
present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a  manner  that  provides  relevant,  reliable,  comparable  and 
understandable information; 
prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will 
continue in business; 
provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements in IFRS Standards is insufficient to enable 
users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and conditions on the entity’s financial position 
and financial performance. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  Group’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and enable them to ensure that 
the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group 
and  hence  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other  irregularities.  The  Directors  are 
responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information  included  on  the  Group’s  website. 
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation 
in other jurisdictions. 

Responsibility Statement  
We confirm that to the best of our knowledge that: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, give a true and fair 
view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group; 
the strategic report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the 
Group together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces; and 
the annual report and financial statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and understandable and  provide the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy.  

Paul Emmitt 
Director 
On behalf of the Board 
31 May 2024

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IIndependent Auditor’s Report  

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF POWERHOUSE ENERGY GROUP PLC 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of Powerhouse Energy Group PLC (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') 
for the year ended 31 December 2023, which comprise the group Statement of comprehensive income, the group and company 
Balance sheets, the group Statement of cash flows, the group and company Statement of changes in equity and the related notes, 
including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation 
is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including UK adopted International Accounting Standards applicable 
in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). 

In our opinion: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 
December 2023 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting 
Standards; 
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted  International 
Accounting Standards and as applied in accordance with the Companies Act 2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (ISAs  (UK))  and  applicable  law.  Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit 
of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled 
our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Summary of our audit approach 

Key audit matters 

Group 
(cid:2) Carrying value of goodwill 
(cid:2) Correct treatment of the acquisition of subsidiary undertakings. 

Materiality 

Scope 

Group 
(cid:2)  Overall materiality: £100,000 (2022: £105,000) 
(cid:2)  Performance materiality: £75,000 (2022: £78,750) 
Parent Company 
(cid:2)  Overall materiality: £95,000 (2022: £105,000) 
(cid:2)  Performance materiality: £72,500 (2022: £78,750) 
Our audit procedures covered 100% of revenue, 100% of total assets and 100% of loss 
before tax. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the group financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the 
audit and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the group 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report  

Key Audit Matter 
Carrying value of goodwill  
A  key  balance  on  the  statement  of  financial  position  is 
intangible fixed assets of £2,533,284 (2021: £2,502,073) at 31 
December  2023  in  the  parent’s  single  company  accounts  as 
detailed in note 11.  

In addition to the above there is additional goodwill generated 
on consolidation with total consolidated goodwill amounting 
to £3,106,865 (2022: £2,502,073) as at 31 December 2023 

The  carrying  value  of  goodwill  in  accordance  with  IAS36  is 
required  to  be  tested  for  annual  impairment  along  with 
whether  there  is  any  indication  of  impairment  of  the  other 
intangibles.  The  measurement  of  the  recoverable  amount 
requires the preparation of detailed cash flow forecasts that 
are  subject  to  a  number  of  highly  sensitive  assumptions 
surrounding the future trade of the Group. 

During the year, the directors have assessed the valuation of 
goodwill internally.  

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit matter 
Our audit procedures: 
Parent Company Goodwill 
We  held  various  discussions  and  meetings  with  the  client  to 
review the valuation model and the assumptions used therein. 
This  was  compared  to  valuations  completed  in  prior  years 
undertaken  by  suitably  qualified 
independent  advisors 
providing reassurance of the accuracy of opening balances for 
our audit. 

We  evaluated  critically  the  assumptions  by  reworking  the 
calculations and challenged the management by: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

Comparing the model to the actual performance for 
the  year  ended  31  December  2023  noting  that 
income was still not being generated 
Comparing the assumptions of the prior year to the 
actual performance of the year ended 31 December 
2023 again noting that projects had been delayed. 
Comparing the assumptions used in the prior year to 
identify  any  changes  and 
the  current  year  to 
obtaining explanations from management 
Recalculating  the  WACC  and  comparing  the  rates 
used.  
Comparison of the outcome to reports prepared by 
external advisors  

Valuation of Goodwill was deemed to be compliant with  IAS 
38, Intangible Assets. 

No indicators of impairment were noted during 2023, or events 
after the reporting date that impact the valuation of Goodwill 
in accordance with IAS36. 

Consolidated Goodwill 
The  goodwill  arose  as  part  of  he  acquisition  of  Engsolve 
Limited. The client has prepared an impairment review of the 
goodwill totalling £573,781. 

The  method  of  ensuring  no  impairment  was  required  was  a 
review  of  the  cash  generation  of  the  entity.  The  judgements 
and assumptions have been reviewed with management and 
challenged. 

No indications of impairment were identified upon review. 

Consolidation 

Our audit procedures: 

In the previous year the company has claimed an exemption 
from preparing consolidated financial statements on the basis 
that the only UK subsidiary was non trading and not material 
and there being long term restrictions on the operations of the 
Company’s subsidiaries in the US and Switzerland. 

This year the company has acquired material UK subsidiaries 
that  result  in  a  consolidation  being  required.  The  US  and 
Switzerland  companies  are  still  subject  to  the  same 

The Business combinations have been reviewed and discussed 
with  management.  Calculations  for  goodwill  were  received 
from  Management  and  the  acquisition  balance  sheet  values 
have been challenged and audited to the same materiality as 
noted above. These balances have then been compared to the 
actual  Fair  Values  and  any  adjustments  have  been  noted 
accordingly in accordance with IFRS3. 

34 

  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report  

restrictions  and  therefore  have  been  excluded  from  the 
consolidation. 

Relevant  disclosures  have  been  verified  and  checked  to  the 
financial statements and reviewed accordingly. 

We have reviewed the applicable legislation surrounding the 
exclusion of the foreign entities on the basis that the company 
does not control these entities. 

Our application of materiality 
When establishing our overall audit strategy, we set certain thresholds which help us to determine the nature, timing and extent 
of our audit procedures. When evaluating whether the effects of misstatements, both individually and on the financial statements 
as a whole, could reasonably influence the economic decisions of the users we take into account the qualitative nature and the size 
of the misstatements. Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality as follows: 

Overall materiality 
Basis for determining overall 
materiality 
Rationale for benchmark 
applied 

Group materiality 

Parent company materiality 

£100,000 (2022: £105,000) 
6% of operating loss 

£95,000 (2022: £105,000) 
6% of operating loss 

Whilst the Statement of Financial Position 
has  material  elements  included  namely 
the Goodwill and Bank, we do not feel a 
materiality that is based on the Statement 
of Financial Position totals is appropriate 
as it is thought that the shareholders will 
consider  the  operating  loss  of  utmost 
importance  to  ascertain  how  long  the 
company can continue to trade. 

Whilst 
the  Statement  of  Financial 
Position has material  elements included 
namely the Goodwill and Bank, we do not 
feel  a  materiality  that  is  based  on  the 
Statement  of  Financial  Position  totals  is 
appropriate  as  it  is  thought  that  the 
shareholders will consider the operating 
loss  of  utmost  importance  to  ascertain 
how  long  the  company  can  continue  to 
trade. 
£72,500 (2022: £78,750) 

Performance materiality 

£75,000 (2022: £78,750) 

Basis for determining 
performance materiality 

Reporting of misstatements to 
the Audit Committee 

75% of overall materiality 

75% of overall materiality 

Misstatements  in  excess  of  £5,000  and 
misstatements below that threshold that, 
in  our  view,  warranted  reporting  on 
qualitative grounds.  

Misstatements  in  excess  of  £5,000  and 
misstatements  below  that  threshold 
that, in our view, warranted reporting on 
qualitative grounds.  

An overview of the scope of our audit 
The group consists of the parent company, two trading companies and 5 other entities which were dormant or non-trading. All 
entities are based in the UK  

35 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report  

The coverage achieved by our audit procedures was: 

Number of 
components 
1 

2 

3 

Revenue 

Total assets 

0% 

100% 

100% 

82% 

18% 

100% 

Profit/Loss before 
tax 
94% 

6% 

100% 

Full scope audit 

Specific audit 
procedures*  

Total 

* Specific audit procedures were performed in order to obtain sufficient and appropriate coverage over the group’s loss before tax 
and borrowings. 

A  full  scope  audit  was  performed  for  the  parent  company,  with  specific  audit  procedures  being  performed  for  the  subsidiary 
company. The subsidiary companies were exempt from audit in their own right under section 479A of the Companies Act 2006. 

Conclusions relating to going concern  
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’  assessment  of  the  group’s  and  parent 
company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

obtaining an understanding of management’s going concern evaluation and reviewing cashflow forecasts; 
evaluating  management’s  ability  to  accurately  forecast  performance  through  comparison  of  historic  performance 
against forecast; 
performing sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of reasonably possible outcomes, or changes to assumptions; 
and  
testing the integrity and mechanical accuracy of the forecast model. 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, 
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern 
for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of 
this report. 

Other information 
The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial  statements  and  our 
auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion 
on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, 
we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

Our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other  information  and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially 
inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be 
materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine 
whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

the  information  given  in  the  Strategic  Report  and  the Directors’  Report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the  financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 
the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

36 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent  company and their environment obtained in the 
course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors’ Report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to 
you if, in our opinion: 

(cid:2) 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or 
(cid:2) 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
(cid:2) 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
(cid:2)  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  32,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as 
the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s ability to 
continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting unless the directors  either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no 
realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that  
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always  detect a material misstatement when  it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or  error and are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of 
users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

The extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 
Irregularities  are  instances  of  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations.    The  objectives  of  our  audit  are  to  obtain  sufficient 
appropriate  audit  evidence  regarding  compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  that  have  a  direct  effect  on  the  determination  of 
material  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements,  to  perform  audit  procedures  to  help  identify  instances  of  non-
compliance  with  other  laws  and  regulations  that  may  have  a  material  effect  on  the  financial  statements,  and  to  respond 
appropriately to identified or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations identified during the audit.   

In  relation  to  fraud,  the  objectives  of  our  audit  are  to  identify  and  assess  the  risk  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial 
statements due to fraud, to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due 
to fraud through designing and implementing appropriate responses and to respond appropriately to fraud or suspected fraud 
identified during the audit.   

However, it is the primary responsibility of management, with the oversight of those charged with governance, to ensure that the 
entity's operations are conducted in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations and for the prevention and detection 
of fraud. 

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud, the group audit engagement 
team:  
(cid:2) 

obtained an understanding of the nature of the industry and sector, including the legal and regulatory framework that 
the group and parent company operate in and how the group and parent company are complying with the legal and 
regulatory framework; 
inquired of management, and those charged with governance, about their own identification and assessment of the risks 
of irregularities, including any known actual, suspected or alleged instances of fraud; 
discussed matters about non-compliance with laws and regulations and how fraud might occur including assessment of 
how and where the financial statements may be susceptible to fraud. 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

37 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report  

The most significant laws and regulations were determined as follows: 

Legislation / Regulation 

UK-adopted IAS and 
Companies Act 2006 
including IFRS, Companies 
Act 2006 and AIM Rules 
Tax compliance regulations 

Additional  audit  procedures  performed  by  the  Group  audit  engagement 
team included: 
Review  of  the  financial  statement  disclosures  and  testing  to  supporting 
documentation; 
Completion of disclosure checklists to identify areas of non-compliance. 

Inspection  of  advice  received  from  external  tax  advisors  specifically 
surrounding  the  application  of  the  Research  and  Development  Tax  Credit 
scheme. 

The areas that we identified as being susceptible to material misstatement due to fraud were: 

Risk 

Audit procedures performed by the audit engagement team:  

Revenue  

A sample of bank receipts have been reviewed and challenged with management 
to identify if the group has received any revenue in the year. 

Management override of 
controls  

In  addition  the  underlying  contracts  have  been  reviewed  regarding  the  ongoing 
projects of the group to ensure these are still pre revenue. 
Testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments;  
Assessing  whether  the  judgements  made  in  making  accounting  estimates  are 
indicative of a potential bias; and 
Evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual 
or outside the normal course of business. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s 
website at: http://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report  
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed. 

Mario Cientanni (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
for and on behalf of 
Barnes Roffe LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
Charles Lake House 
Claire Causeway 
Crossways Business Park 
Dartford 
Kent 
DA2 6QA 

Date: 31 May 2024 

38 

  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Comprehensive Income 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 
Gross Profit 

Engineering costs 
Administrative expenses 
Acquisition costs 
Share of associate 

Operating loss (pre exceptional items) 

Exceptional Items 

Exclusivity Impairment 

Goodwill Impairment 

Loan Impairment 
Revenue Impairment 
Fair Value Gain on Associate (Engsolve Limited) 

Operating Loss (post exceptional items) 

Net finance income/(cost)  

Loss before taxation 

Income tax credit 

Total comprehensive loss 

Note 

2 

4 

5 

6 

6 

7 
7 
13 

8 

9 

31 December 
2023 
£ 

180,959 

(118,294) 
62,665 

(799,909) 
(1,109,150) 
(31,457) 
76,206 

31 December 

2022 

£ 

380,277 

(295,912) 
84,365 

(512,504) 
(1,745,673) 
- 
60,326 

(1,801,645) 

(2,113,486) 

- 

- 

- 
- 
270,381 

(500,000) 

(40,660,000) 

(2,159,274) 
(986,392) 
- 

(1,531,264) 

(46,419,152) 

(6,200) 

65,448 

(1,537,464) 

(46,353,704) 

109,817 

155,025 

(1,427,647) 

(46,198,679) 

Loss per share (pence) 

10 

(0.04) 

(1.17) 

All activities are in respect of continuing operations and there are no other items of comprehensive income. 

The notes numbered 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

39 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Financial Position 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION  
As at 31 December 2023 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings 
Investments in associated undertakings 

Total non-current assets 

Current Assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Corporation tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

Total current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year 

Net assets 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Accumulated deficit 

Total surplus 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

11 
12 
13 
13 

15 
16 
17 

18 

19 

22 
23 
24 

3,106,865 
1,159,636 
- 
- 

2,502,073 
5,795 
1 
187,638 

4,266,501 

2,695,507 

325,834 
168,527 
4,348,887 

403,247 
166,318 
    5,882,897 

4,843,248 

6,452,462 

9,109,749 

9,147,969 

(506,258) 

(506,258) 

(279,306) 

(279,306) 

8,603,491 

8,868,663 

(122,475) 

- 

8,481,016 

8,868,663 

23,940,856 
61,220,809 
(76,680,649) 

22,900,856 
61,291,710 
(75,323,903) 

8,481,016 

8,868,663 

The financial statements of Powerhouse Energy Group Plc, Company number 03934451, were approved by the Board of Directors 
and authorised for issue on 31 May 2024 and signed on its behalf by: 

Paul Emmitt 
Director 

The notes numbered 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Financial Position 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION  
As at 31 December 2023 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Investments in subsidiary undertakings 
Investments in associated undertakings 

Total non-current assets 

Current Assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Corporation tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

Total current liabilities 

Total assets less current liabilities 

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year 

Net assets 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Accumulated deficit 

Total surplus 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

11 
12 
13 
13 

15 
16 
17 

18 

19 

22 
23 
24 

2,533,284 
816,244 
1,109,987 
- 

2,502,073 
5,795 
1 
187,638 

4,459,515 

2,695,507 

454,087 
168,527 
3,775,250 

403,247 
166,318 
    5,882,897 

4,397,864 

6,452,462 

8,857,379 

9,147,969 

(1,056,183) 

(1,056,183) 

(279,306) 

(279,306) 

7,801,196 

8,868,663 

(122,475) 

- 

7,678,721 

8,868,663 

23,940,856 
61,220,809 
(77,482,944) 

22,900,856 
61,291,710 
(75,323,903) 

7,678,721 

8,868,663 

The financial statements of Powerhouse Energy Group Plc, Company number 03934451, were approved by the Board of Directors 
and authorised for issue on 31 May 2024 and signed on its behalf by: 

Paul Emmitt 
Director 

The notes numbered 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Cashflows 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS  
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Operating Loss 
Adjustments for: 
Share based payments 
Amortisation 
Depreciation 
Goodwill & Exclusivity impairment 
Loan Impairment 
Share of associate result 
Loan Interest Charge 
Fair value gain on Associate 
Tax Paid 
Other none cash movements 
-Changes in working capital: 
Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables 
Tax credits received 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

(1,531,265) 

(46,419,152) 

40,000 
16,997 
41,885 
(712,751) 
- 
(76,206) 
- 
(270,381) 
(58,710) 
- 

646,745 
62,514 
166,318 

(18,629) 
10,263 
27,970 
41,160,000 
2,077,600 
(49,033) 
81,674 
- 
- 
3,006 

560,401 
(284,475) 
166,318 

Net cash used in operations 

(1,674,854) 

                  (2,684,057) 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Cash paid for investment in subsidiary 
Cash acquired on acquisition of subsidiary 
Loans advanced 
Purchase of intangible fixed assets 
Purchase of tangible fixed assets 

Net cash flows from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of shares 
Payments of principal under leases 
Net finance costs 

Net cash flows from financing activities 

27 
27 
14 
11 
12 

20.3 
8 

(575,761) 
472,580 
- 
(48,207) 
(671,415) 

(822,803) 

1,000,000 
(30,153) 
(6,200) 

963,647 

- 
- 
(927,600) 
(117,838) 
(673) 

(1,046,111) 

- 
(23,455) 
(940) 

(24,395) 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

(1,534,010) 

(3,754,563) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

5,882,897 

4,348,887 

9,637,460 

5,882,897 

The notes numbered 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

42 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Cashflows 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS  
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Operating Loss 
Adjustments for: 
Share based payments 
Amortisation 
Depreciation 
Goodwill & Exclusivity impairment 
Loan Impairment 
Share of associate result 
Fair Value Gain on Associate 
Loan Interest Charge 
Other none cash movements 
-Changes in working capital: 
Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables 
Tax credits received 

Note 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

(2,386,537) 

(46,419,152) 

40,000 
16,997 
41,885 
- 
- 
(76,206) 
(270,381) 
- 
- 
- 
(50,840) 
748,586 
166,318 

(18,629) 
10,263 
27,970 
41,160,000 
2,077,600 
(49,033) 
- 
81,674 
3,006 
- 
560,401 
(284,475) 
166,318 

Net cash used in operations 

(1,770,178) 

(2,684,057) 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of interest in associate 
Loans advanced 
Purchase of intangible fixed assets 
Purchase of tangible fixed assets 

Net cash flows from investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of shares 
Payments of principal under leases 
Net finance costs 

13 
14 
11 
12 

21.3 
8 

(575,761) 
- 
(48,207) 
(671,416) 

- 
(927,600) 
(117,838) 
(673) 

(1,295,384) 

(1,046,111) 

1,000,000 
(30,153) 
(11,932) 

- 
(23,455) 
(940) 

Net cash flows from financing activities 

957,915 

(24,395) 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

(2,107,647) 

(3,754,563) 

5,882,897 

9,637,460 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

3,775,250 

5,882,897 

The notes numbered 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Changes in Equity 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Balance at 1 January 2022 

Transactions with equity parties: 
- Share issues on exercise warrants 
- Share issues to exercise options 
- Share issues in year 
Share based payments 
Share issue costs 
Reserve transfer- goodwill impairment 
Total comprehensive loss 

Ordinary share 
capital 
£ 

Deferred 
shares 
£ 

Share 
premium 
£ 

Merger 
relief 
reserve 
£ 

Accumulated 
deficit 
£ 

Total 
£ 

19,787,071 

3,113,785 

61,291,710 

36,117,711 

(65,224,306) 

55,085,971 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(36,117,711) 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(18,629) 
- 
36,117,711 
(46,198,679) 

- 
- 
- 
(18,629) 
- 
- 
(46,198,679) 

Balance at 31 December 2022 

19,787,071 

3,113,785 

61,291,710 

- 

(75,323,903) 

8,868,663 

Transactions with equity parties: 
- Share issues on exercise warrants 
- Share issues to exercise options 
- Share issues in year 
Share based payments 
Share Issue costs 
Total comprehensive loss 

Balance at 31 December 2023 

- 
1,040,000 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
(70,901) 
- 
- 

20,827,071 

3,113,785 

61,220,809 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
70,901 
- 
(1,427,647) 

- 
- 
1,040,000 
0 
- 
(1,427,647) 

(76,680,649) 

8,481,016 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity: 

Deferred shares: 

Represents the combined total of all deferred shares (0.5p, 4p and 4.5p) 

Share premium: 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value 

Merger relief reserve: 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value where merger relief applies (Note 1.1) 

Accumulated deficit: 

Accumulated  deficit  represents  the  cumulative  losses  of  the  Group  and  all  other  net  gains  and  losses  and 
transactions with shareholders not recognised elsewhere 

The notes 1 to 27 are an integral part of the financial information. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SStatement of Changes in Equity 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Balance at 1 January 2022 

Transactions with equity parties: 
- Share issues on exercise warrants 
- Share issues to exercise options 
- Share issues in year 
Share based payments 
Share issue costs 
Reserve transfer- goodwill impairment 
Total comprehensive loss 

Ordinary share 
capital 
£ 

Deferred 
shares 
£ 

Share 
premium 
£ 

Merger 
relief 
reserve 
£ 

Accumulate
d deficit 
£ 

Total 
£ 

19,787,071 

3,113,785 

61,291,710 

36,117,711 

(65,224,306) 

55,085,971 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(36,117,711) 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(18,629) 
- 
36,117,711 
(46,198,679) 

- 
- 
- 
(18,629) 
- 
- 
(46,198,679) 

Balance at 31 December 2022 

19,787,071 

3,113,785 

61,291,710 

- 

(75,323,903) 

8,868,663 

Transactions with equity parties: 
- Share issues on exercise warrants 
- Share issues to exercise options 
- Share issues in year 
Share based payments 
Share Issue costs 
Total comprehensive loss 

Balance at 31 December 2023 

- 
1,040,000 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
(70,901) 
- 
- 

20,827,071 

3,113,785 

61,220,809 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
70,901 
- 
(2,229,942) 

- 
- 
1,040,000 
- 
- 
(2,229,942) 

(77,482,944) 

7,678,721 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity: 

Deferred shares: 

Represents the combined total of all deferred shares (0.5p, 4p and 4.5p) 

Share premium: 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value 

Merger relief reserve: 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value where merger relief applies (Note 1.1) 

Accumulated deficit: 

Accumulated deficit represents the cumulative losses of the company and all other net gains and losses and 
transactions with shareholders not recognised elsewhere 

The notes 1 to 32 are an integral part of the financial information. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

NOTES TO THE ACCOUNTS   
For The Year Ended 31 December 2023 

1. 

Accounting Policies 

Powerhouse Energy Group Plc is a company incorporated in England and Wales. The Group is a public limited company quoted on 
the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is Unit 3/3a Garth Drive, Brackla Industrial Estate, 
Bridgend, Wales, CF31 2AQ. The principal activity of the Group is to continue the development of its technology and to support its 
customers  in  order  to  achieve  its  full  commercial  roll-out.  The  Principal  acativity  of  the  group  also  includes  the  provision  of 
Engineering services by a subsidiary company. The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items 
which are considered material in relation to the financial information. 

1.1.  Basis of  consolidation 

The  consolidated  and  parent  company  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board 
(IASB), as adopted for use in the United Kingdom (UK) and with those parts of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS (except as otherwise stated). These accounting policies and methods of computation are consistent with 
the prior year, unless otherwise stated.  

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Powerhouse Energy 
Group  PLC  together  with  all  other  entities  controlled  by  the  parent  company  (its  subsidiaries)  and  the  groups  share  of  its 
interests in joint ventures and associates. Control is achieved where the  Group is exposed to, or has the rights to, variable 
returns from its investments with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The 
Group obtains and exercised control through voting rights. 

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2023. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements 
of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group. 

All  intra  group  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  group  companies  are  eliminated  on 
consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provided evidence of an impairment of the asset 
transferred. 

Subsidiaries  are  consolidated  in  the  Groups  financial  statements  from  the  date  the  control  commences  until  the  date  that 
control ceases. Acquisitions of subsidiaries are dealt with using the acquisition method. The acquisition method involves the 
recognition at fair value of all identifiable assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the subsidiary, at the acquisition 
date, regardless of whether or not they were recorded in the financial statements of the subsidiary prior to acquisition. On 
initial recognition, the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are included in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at 
their fair values, which are also used as the cost bases for subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group accounting 
policies. 

Goodwill is stated after separating out identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over 
the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. 

Entities in which the group holds an interest and which are jointly controlled by the  Group and one or more other ventures 
under a contractual arrangement are treated as joint ventures. Entities other than subsidiary undertakings or joint ventures, in 
which the group has a participating interest and over whose operating and financial policies the Group exercises a significant 
influence, are treated as associates. 

Investments in joint ventures and associates are carried in the group statement of financial position at cost plus post acquisition 
changes in the Groups share of the net assets of the entity, less any impairment in value. The carrying value of investments in 
joint ventures and associates include acquired goodwill. 

If the Groups share of losses in a joint venture or associate equals or exceeds its investment in the joint venture or associate, 
the group does not recognise further loses unless it has incurred obligations to do so or has made payments on behalf of the 
joint venture or associate. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Unrealised gains arising from transactions with joint ventures and associates are eliminated to the extent of the groups interest 
in the entity. 

The Group’s UK subsidiaries are both trading and non-trading. There are long-term restrictions on the operations of the Group’s 
subsidiaries  in  the  US  and  Switzerland.  With  these  restrictions  in  place,  the  Group  is  also  unable  to  exert  control  over  the 
subsidiaries. As such the Group has claimed exemptions applicable to it under Companies Act section 405 (2) and 405 (3b) and 
IFRS 10 to not include these subsidiaries located in the US and Switzerland in the  Consolidated Financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2023. Investments in subsidiaries that are not consolidated are carried at cost less any provision for 
impairment. 

The acquisition of Waste2Tricity Limited during 2020 was transacted by way of a share for share exchange and qualifies for 
merger relief, meaning that no share premium is recorded on the issue of the consideration shares. The excess of the fair value 
of consideration shares over their nominal value has been recorded in a merger relief reserve. 

Associates are entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control or joint control as defined under IAS 28. 
This is generally the case where  the Group holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are 
accounted for using the equity method of accounting. 

Under the equity method of accounting, investments are initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the 
Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of the investee in the Income statement. Dividends received or receivable 
from associates and joint ventures are recognised as a reduction in the carrying value of the investment. 

Accounting policies of the equity accounted investees are changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies 
adopted by the Group. The carrying value of equity accounted investments is tested for impairment in accordance with the 
policy described in Note 1.20 (ii). 

As of 31 December 2023 the Group has two subsidiaries included in the Groups consolidated accounts, Engsolve Limited, the 
balance of the interest in which was acquired on 20 June 2023 and Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited that was acquired 
on 30 April 2023. 

Other  investments,  which  are  not  publicly  traded,  are  initially  measured  at  cost  and  subsequently  measured  at  cost  less 
accumulated losses. 

1.2.  Judgements and estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS  requires management to make judgements, estimates and 
assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts in the financial statements. 

Areas involving a higher degree of judgements or complexity, or areas where assumptions or estimates are significant to the 
financial  statements  such  as  the  exercise  to  assess  the  fair  value  of  goodwill,  share  based  payments  (share  options  and 
warrants) and going concern are disclosed within the relevant notes. 

1.3.  Going concern 

The financial statements have been prepared on a Going Concern basis. The Directors’ views are based upon working capital 
projections which take into account the intended use of the funds in hand over the next 12 months. 

As at 31 December 2023 the Group is pursuing a business strategy of selling licences for use of its technology. As at 31 December 
2023, the Group had one project under development – Protos in Cheshire  –  with others still in prospect. 

In looking forward to determine the Going Concern status, the business planning of the Group post the current reporting period, 
is based on the following: 

(cid:2) 

The acquisition of Engsolve, giving the Group the ability to earn revenues from engineering services. Engsolve had an 
existing client  base, a history of providing such services and was integrated into the Group with  an existing  bank 
balance.  This provides an immediate and ongoing revenue stream to the Group, extending its positive cash position; 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

(cid:2) 

The development of a series of capital projects addressing contamination, pollution and climate change mitigation 
and deploying where possible, but not exclusively, the Group’s proprietary technology. The Group will focus on a 
business strategy of selling licences and receiving royalty fees for the use of its technology. 

Adopting this approach: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

The Group will have an ongoing revenue stream; 
Investment in the development of the capital projects will be via shareholder loans to the SPV, repayable at financial 
close; and 
In  the  event  development  of  the  project  does  not  look  viable  (for  example,  failing  to  obtain  the  necessary 
permissions), expenditure will be curtailed and a replacement project identified. 

The Directors consider therefore that other than fixed costs, the cash spend looking forward can be managed within the 13-
month cashflow projection (May 2024 – May 2025)  

A cash inflow of £0.5m is also anticipated following securing asset financing (although this is not guaranteed) of the Feedstock 
Testing  Unit  and  associated  equipment  to  be  installed  in  the  Powerhouse  Technology  Centre  at  Bridgend  later  in  2024, 
offsetting this capital purchase. In the event that the Group does not receive the asset finance it will need to reduce expenditure 
on capital projects, offset by income from Engsolve activities. 

It was noted in the prior year's accounts that there were loans totalling £3.34m due from the Protos SPV, a company now under 
PHE's control. On review of the projects at acquisition it was determined that the projects were not expected to progress and 
as a result the amounts capitalised relating to these projects were fair valued to £330k - being materials transferred to stock 
for  either  sale  or  use  in  future  projects  -  and  the  corresponding  loan  amounts  which  had  been  used  to  fund  the  project 
development and were repayable on the success of the projects were fair valued to £nil. This aligns with PHE's assessment of 
the recoverability of the loan in FY22 where it was deemed irrecoverable and written down to £nil also.  

It is the view of the Directors, however, that should Protos generate future cash inflows from similar projects that they reserve 
the right to reinstate the loans and demand repayment. 

1.4.  Foreign currency translation 

The financial information is presented in sterling which is the Group’s functional currency. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are revalued to the exchange rate at date of 
settlement or at reporting dates (as appropriate). Exchange gains and losses resulting from such revaluations are recognised in 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Comprehensive Income within administrative expenses. 

1.5.  Revenue 

(i)  Engineering services 

The  Group  has  provided  engineering  services  to  various  third  party  customers.  Revenue  from  providing  services  is 
recognised in the accounting period in which services are rendered. For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based 
on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided to the 
extent to which the customer receives the benefits. This is determined based on the actual labour hours spent relative to 
the total expected labour hours. 

Where contracts include multiple performance obligations as  specified by the work  scope, the transaction price will be 
allocated to each performance obligation based on estimated expected cost-plus margin.  

Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion of services are revised if circumstances change. Any 
resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the 
circumstances that give rise to the revision become known by management. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

In case of fixed-price contracts, the customer pays the fixed amount based on a payment schedule. If the services rendered 
by the Group exceed the payment, a contract asset is recognised. If the payments exceed the services rendered, a contract 
liability is recognised. 

If a contract includes an hourly fee, revenue is recognised in the amount to which the Group has a right to invoice. 

(ii)  Exclusivity fees 

Where the Group grants a developer exclusive rights to utilise its technology in a particular territory for an exclusivity fee, 
the fee is recognised in the income statement over the agreed exclusivity period. 

1.6.  Leases  

For any new contracts entered into, the Group considers whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A lease is defined as ‘a 
contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration’. To 
apply this definition the Group assesses whether the contract meets three key evaluations which are whether: 

(i)  the contract contains an identified asset which is either explicitly defined in the contract or implicitly specified by being 

identified at the time the asset is made available to the Group; 

(ii)  the Group has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset throughout the period of 

use, considering its rights within the defined scope of the contract; 

(iii) the Group has the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. 

Where the above evaluations are met, at lease commencement date, the Group recognises a right of use asset and a lease 
liability on the balance sheet. The right of use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the measurement of the initial 
lease liability, any direct initial costs incurred by the Group, an estimate of any costs to dismantle and remove the asset at the 
end of the lease, and any lease payments made in advance of the lease commencement date. 

The Group depreciates right of use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end 
of the useful life of the right of use asset or the end of the lease term. The Group assesses the right of use asset for impairment 
when such indicators exist. 

At the commencement date the Group measured the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments unpaid at that 
date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily available or the Group’s incremental borrowing 
rate. For the assessment of the lease entered into in 2020 the Group applied a rate of 7.5%. 

Subsequent to initial measurement the liability will be reduced for payments and increased for interest. It is remeasured to 
reflect any reassessment or modification or if there are any changes to the repayment schedule. 

1.7.  Finance income and expenses 

(i)  Income 

Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except 
for financial assets that subsequently become credit impaired. For credit impaired financial assets, the effective interest 
rate is applied to the net carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance). 

(ii)  Expense 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest 
expense  over  the  relevant  period.  The  effective  interest  rate  is  the  rate  that  exactly  discounts  estimated  future  cash 
payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying 
amount on initial recognition. 

1.8.  Income tax expense 

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax.  

UK corporation tax is provided at amounts expected to be paid (or recovered) using the tax rates and laws that have been 
enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all temporary differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet 
date where transactions or events that result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay less tax in the future 
have occurred at the balance sheet date. Temporary differences are differences between the Group’s taxable profits and its 
results  as  stated  in  the  financial  statements  that  arise  from  the  inclusion  of  gains  and  losses  in  tax  assessments  in  periods 
different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements. 

A net deferred tax asset is regarded as recoverable and therefore recognised only to the extent that, on the basis of all available 
evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of 
the underlying temporary differences can be deducted. 

Deferred tax is measured at the average tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the temporary differences 
are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet 
date. Deferred tax is measured on a non-discounted basis. 

1.9.  Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation.  Cost  represents  the  cost  of  acquisition  or 
construction, including the direct cost of financing the acquisition or construction until the asset comes into use. 

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided to allocate the cost less the residual value by equal instalments over 
their estimated useful economic lives of 3 years, once the asset is complete. 

The  expected  useful  lives  and  residual  values  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  on  an  annual  basis  and,  if 
necessary, changes in useful life or residual value are accounted for prospectively. 

1.10. Assets under construction 

Assets under construction are stated at cost. Cost represents the cost of acquisition or construction, including the direct cost 
of financing the acquisition or construction until the asset comes into use. 

Depreciation  is  not    charged  until  the  asset  is  complete  and  bought  into  use  at  which  point  it  is  transferred  into  a  distinct 
category of property plant and equipment. 

1.11.  Right of Use Assets 

At  inception,  the  Group  assesses  whether  a  contract  is, or  contains  a  lease  within  the  scope  of  IFRS  16.  A  contract  is,  or 
contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for 
consideration. Where a tangible asset is acquired through a lease, the group recognises a right-of-use asset and lease liability 
at the lease commencement date. Right of use assets are included within property, plant and equipment, apart from those 
that meet the definition of investment property. 

A right-of-use asset is recognised at the commencement date of a lease. The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which 
comprises the initial amount of  the lease liability, adjusted for, as applicable, any lease payments made at or  before the 
commencement date net of any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs incurred. 

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the unexpired period of the lease or the estimated useful life 
of the asset, whichever is the shorter. Where the Group expects to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the 
lease term, the depreciation is over its estimated useful life. Right-of use assets are subject to impairment or adjusted for any 
remeasurement of lease liabilities.  

The group has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short term leases of machinery that have a 
lease term of 12 months or less, or for leases of low value assets including IT equipment. The payments associated with these 
leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight line basis over a lease term.  

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

1.12.  Intangible assets 

Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from a business combination that are not individually identified and 
separately recognised. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Refer to note 1.20 for impairment 
testing procedures. Goodwill impairment losses are not reversible as explained in note 1.20 (iii). 

Goodwill on acquisitions has been calculated by taking the cost less the fair value of the assets and liabilities at acquisition. 
The Group will review the value of goodwill on their financial statements at least once a year and record any impairments. 
Where the goodwill generated results on a gain on bargain purchase this is credited to the  Statement of Comprehensive 
Income in the year of recognition. 

Exclusivity rights acquired in a business combination that qualify for separate recognition are recognised as intangible assets 
at their fair value and subsequently assessed for impairment loss. 

Costs associated with patent applications are capitalised in the year of spend and amortised over their estimated useful lives 
of 20 years on a straight-line basis commencing from the date of patent application. Any cost associated with the upkeep of 
a patent is amortised over the remaining useful life of that patent. 

An internally generated intangible asset arising from development is only recognised where all of the following have been 
demonstrated: (i) the technical feasibility of completing the asset; (ii) the intention to complete the asset and the ability to 
use or sell it; (iii) the availability of resources to complete the asset; and (iv) the ability to reliably measure the cost attributable 
to the asset during its development.  

Research and development 
In all other instances research and development expenditure is recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs 
previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent period. 

1.13.  Other non-current assets 

Other  non-current  assets  represent  investments  in  subsidiaries.  The  investments  are  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated 
impairment. Where a step acquisition occurs and control of a subsidiary company is achieved in stages the initial investment 
in associate is treated as being disposed of and reacquired at the considered fair value with any gain or loss arising being 
allocated to the Statement of Comprehensive Income. This is then treated as the deemed cost. Subsequently the Investment 
is held at deemed cost less impairment. 

Financial assets 
The Group classifies financial assets as loans and receivables within current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 
months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as noncurrent assets. Assets are initially recognised at fair value 
plus  transaction  costs.  Loans  and  receivables  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate 
method. 

1.14.  Contract costs 

The Group recognises costs incurred in fulfilling contracts with customers that are directly associated with the contract as an 
asset if those costs are expected to be recoverable. Contract costs are amortised on a basis consistent with the transfer of 
goods and services to which the asset relates. 

1.15.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently they are carried at amortised cost less any provision for 
impairment. 

1.16.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits and are recognised and subsequently carried at fair value. 
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cashflows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held 
at call with financial institutions, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less 
that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and 
bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

1.17.  Trade and other payables 

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from 
suppliers. Trade and other payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using 
the effective interest method. 

1.18.  Financial assets and liabilities 
i)  Financial assets 

Loans receivable, where forward receivables comprise solely of payments of principal and interest, are measured at 
amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest 
rate method. 

ii)  Financial liabilities 

Loans payable are financial obligations arising from funding received and used to support the operational costs of the 
Group. These are initially recognised at fair value. Loans are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method. 

1.19.  Adoption of new and revised standards 

i)  New and amended standards adopted by the Group 

New and amended standards for the current period and effective from 1 January 2023 have been applied by the Group, 
including: 

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts 
IAS1 & IFRS practice statement 2 
Definition of Accounting Estimates – Amendments to IAS 8 
IAS 12 - Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a single transaction 
IAS 12 International Tax reform – pillar two Model Rules 

There are no transitional adjustments relating to the adoption of these standards. 

ii)  Standards issued but not yet effective 

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 
2023 reporting periods and have not been adopted early by the Group. These standards are not expected to have a 
material impact on the entity in the current or future reporting periods and on foreseeable future transactions. 

1.20.  Impairment 

(i)  Goodwill 

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually 
for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. This is 
detailed in note 1.12 above. 

(ii)  Other assets  

At each balance sheet date, the carrying amounts of assets are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication 
that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of 
an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash 
generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to cash generating units 
and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit on a pro-rata basis. A cash generating unit is the 
group of assets identified on acquisition that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows 
from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of assets or cash generating units is the greater of their 
fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to 
their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money 
and the risks specific to the asset. For an asset that does not generate largely independent cash inflows, the recoverable 
amount is determined for the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. 

(iii) Reversals of impairments 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, an impairment loss is reversed if 
there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount 
that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. 

1.21.  Share based payments 

Share based payments are made to employees and third parties and all are equity settled. 

(i) Third party provision of services 
a)       Via issue of shares 

Contractors  receive  remuneration  in  the  form  of  share-based  payments,  whereby  services  are  provided  and 
settled by the issue of shares. The cost of equity settled transactions is determined at the fair value of the services 
provided, based upon invoiced amounts or formal agreements in place with suppliers. 

b) 

Via issues of share warrants 
The Group also issues share warrants to third parties in relation to services provided by suppliers. The cost of 
equity settled transactions is determined at the fair value of the services provided, based upon invoiced amounts 
or formal agreements in place with suppliers. Where no fair value of services can be directly obtained, the fair 
value at the grant date is determined using the Black Scholes valuation model. At each reporting date the Group 
revises its estimates of the number of options that are likely to be exercised with any adjustment recognised in 
the income statement. 

(ii) Directors and employees 

c) 

Via issues of share options 
The Group has issued share options to Directors and employees through approved and unapproved option plans. 
The fair value of options issued is determined at the date of grant and is recognised as an expense in the Income 
Statement. The fair value at the grant date is determined using the Black and Scholes valuation model. At each 
reporting date the Group revises its estimates of the number of options that are likely to be exercised with any 
adjustment recognised in the income statement.  

Where share-based payments give rise to the issue of new share capital, the proceeds received by the Group are credited to 
share capital and share premium when the share entitlements are exercised. 

1.22.  Employee benefits 

Liabilities  for  wages  and  salaries,  including  non-monetary  benefits,  annual  leave  and  accumulating  sick  leave  that  are 
expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service 
are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts 
expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are included within creditors in the balance sheet. 

For defined contribution pension plans, the Group pays contributions to publicly or privatley administered pension insurance 
plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions 
have been paid. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are 
recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available. 

The Group does not contribute to any defined benefit pension plans. 

1.23.  Segmental reporting 

An operating segment is a component of the Group: 

• 

that  engages  in  business  activities  from  which  it  may  earn  revenues  and  incur  expenses  (including  revenues  and 
expenses relating to transactions with other components of the Group); 

•  whose operating results are reviewed regularly by the Group’s chief decision maker to make decisions about resources 

to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and 
for which discrete financial information is available. 

• 

The Group considers it has two business segments, being a UK based technology company intending to license its technology to 
projects in the UK and internationally and a UK based multi disciplined Engineering Consultancy with significant experience in 
undertaking engineering design and support for third party customers.  

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

The Engineering segment, Engsolve Limited, generated all of the Group £180,959 Revenue in 2023. Engsolve became part of the 
Group in June 2023. This revenue was generated through Engsolve providing Engineering Services to third party customers. The 
Group will be looking to continue providing  third party Engineering Services through Engsolve Limited and to further develop 
this revenue stream, both through internal and external work.  

The  Technology/Licensing  segment  (The  Company),  did  not  generate  any  licence  income  in  2023.  The  Group  is  focusing  on 
developing this license revenue stream in future years. 

2.  Revenue 

Engineering and related services 
Exclusivity fees 
Other 

Group 

Company 

2023 
£ 

180,959 
- 
- 

180,959 

2022 

                    £ 

341,293 
38,984 
- 

380,277 

2023 
£ 

2022 
                             £ 

- 
- 
- 

- 

341,293 
38,984 
- 

380,277 

During the year, the Group billed for engineering work carried out on projects. All revenue generated has arisen in the UK.  

3.  Employee costs 

Directors’ fees 
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Pensions 

Group 

Company 

2023 
£ 

474,671 
316,128 
50,012 
71,655 

2022 

£ 

581,072 
174,769 
75,609 
16,817 

2023 
£ 

419,671 
135,625 
31,990 
23,207 

2022 
£ 

581,072 
174,769 
75,609 
16,817 

912,466 

848,267 

610,493 

848,267 

Highest Paid Director – refer to note 29 

The number of average monthly employees (including Directors) are as follows: 

Group 

Company 

Management 
Operations 

2023 

7 
4 

11 

2022 

2023 

2022 

6 
3 

9 

6 
1 

7 

6 
3 

9 

The figures in the table above includes the average number of employees throughout the year based on the acquisition of Engsolve in 
June 2023. The total number of employees as at 31 December 2023 (including Directors) was 15 (2022: 9) comprising 7 in management 
and 8 in operations (2022: 6 in management, 3 in operations). All Directors are classed as management 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

4.  Administrative expenses 

Included in administrative expenses are: 

Research and development costs 
Amortisation 
Depreciation 
Depreciation – right of use asset 
Gain on bargain purchase (see note 27) 
Share based payments  
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses 
Auditor’s remuneration for audit services: 
Fees payable to the group’s auditor for the audit of the group’s annual financial statements 
Fees payable to the group’s auditor and their associates for other services: 
Non-audit fees paid to auditors  
R & D Taxation advisory and compliance services 

5. 

Share of associate 

Share of profits 

2023 
£ 

561,474 
16,997 
11,732 
30,153 
(712,751) 
40,000 
- 

43,500 

- 

2022
£ 

431,185 
10,263 
5,397 
22,573 
- 
(18,629) 
162 

25,000 
1,000 

10,000 

2023 
£ 

2022 
                                £ 

76,206 

76,206 

60,326 

60,326 

The Group acquired a 48.39% stake in Engsolve on 12 August 2021 as explained in note 13. The Group acquired the balance of 51.61% 
stake in Engsolve on 20 June 2023. The above result represents both the Group and Companies share of the associate’s profits arising 
post acquisition.  

6.  Goodwill & Exclusivity impairment 

   Goodwill Impairment 

Exclusivity impairment 

2023 
£ 

- 

- 

- 

2022 
£ 

40,660,000 

500,000 

41,160,000 

In 2020, Goodwill of £57,152,699 was recognised on the acquisition and hive up of Waste2tricity Limited. An independent fair value 
assessment is commissioned by the Directors on the carrying value at each balance sheet date as explained in note 11. Impairments 
are made based upon the results of those assessments plus input from the Board. No impairment was made in relation to the goodwill 
carrying value ad 31 December 2023  

7. 

Loan & Revenue impairment 

    Loan Impairment/(write off) 

Revenue impairment 

2023 
£ 

- 

- 

- 

2022 
£ 

2,159,274 

986,392 

3,145,666 

The 2022 write off is a Company only write off. Further description on the impairment of the Loan impairment (“loan debtor”) and 
Revenue impairment (“trade debtor”) is disclosed in Note 14. 

In 2020, Exclusivity of £500,000 was recognised on the acquisition and hive up of Waste2tricity Limited. An  independent fair value 
assessment is commissioned by the Directors on the carrying value at each balance sheet date as explained in note 11. Impairments 
are made based upon the results of those assessments. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

8.  Net finance income/(cost) 

Group 

2023 
£ 

2022 
                                £ 

Company 
2023 
£ 

- 
(10,867) 
6,184 
(1,517) 

(6,200) 

66,388 
- 
251 
(1,191) 

65,448 

- 
(10,867) 
- 
(1,065) 

(11,932) 

2022 
£ 

66,388 
- 
251 
(1,191) 

65,448 

Loan interest receivable 
Lease Interest 
Other interest receivable 
Bank and other interest payable 

9. 

Income tax and deferred tax 

As the Group incurred a loss, no current tax is payable (2022: £nil). In addition, as there is no certainty about future profits from 
which accumulated tax losses could be utilised, accordingly no deferred tax asset has been recognised. The Group submitted a claim 
for research and development tax credits (relating to financial year 2022) during the year amounting to £168,527 (2022: £166,318, 
relating to financial year 2021) which has been recognised in the accounts. The Group has not submitted a claim for research and 
development  tax  credits  for  financial  year  2023.  This  claim  will  be  submitted  during  2024.  Accumulated  tax  losses  in  the  Group 
amount to an estimated £24.6 million, and Group £24.3 million (2022: £22.0 million) and reflect tax losses submitted in tax returns 
and arising during the period less any relief taken for research and development credits. The tax credit rate is lower (2022: lower) 
than the standard rate of tax. Differences are explained below. 

2023 
£ 
1,537,464 

2022 
£ 
46,353,704 

361,304 

8,807,204 

- 
(14,411) 
350,121 
- 
(146,681) 
(440,516) 

(7,820,400) 
2,429 
- 
- 
166,318 
(1,000,526) 

109,817 

155,025 

2023 
£ 
2,398,469 

2022 
£ 
46,353,704 

563,640 

8,807,204 

- 
(13,845) 
211,628 
- 
(146,681) 
(446,215) 

(7,820,400) 
2,429 
- 
- 
166,318 
(1,000,526) 

168,527 

155,025 

Group 
Current tax 

Loss before taxation 

Tax credit at standard UK corporation tax rate of 23.5% (2022: 19%) 
Effects of: 
Goodwill impairment not deductible for tax purposes 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
Allowable deduction on exercise of share options 
Research and development tax credits claimed 
Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Income tax credit 

Company 
Current tax 

Loss before taxation 

Tax credit at standard UK corporation tax rate of 23.5% (2022: 19%) 
Effects of: 
Goodwill impairment not deductible for tax purposes 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Additions 
Allowable deduction on exercise of share options 
Research and development tax credits claimed 
Deferred tax asset not recognised 

Income tax credit 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

10.  Loss per share 

Group 

2023

2022 

Company 
2023

2022 

Total comprehensive loss (£) 

(1,427,648)

(46,198,679) 

(2,229,942)

(46,198,679) 

Weighted average number of shares  

4,025,227,834

3,957,414,135 

4,025,227,834

3,957,414,135 

Loss per share in pence 
Diluted loss per share in pence 

(0.04)
(0.04)

(1.17) 
(1.17) 

(0.06)
(0.06)

(1.17) 
(1.17) 

For the year ended 31 December 2022, 3,581,355 of the options in issue and 381,100,979 of the warrants in issue were excluded from 
the diluted loss per share calculation due to being anti-dilutive. 

There were 208,000,000 new ordinary shares issued in the year to 31 December 2023. A total of 200,000,000 new ordinary shares of 
0.5p were placed on 4 September 2023 at an issue price of 0.5p. Additionally, 8,000,000 new ordinary shares were issued at the issue 
price to the Group’s broker on 4 September 2023.   

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

11. 

Intangible fixed assets 

Group 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions  
At 31 December 2022 

Accumulated amortisation & impairment 
At 1 January 2022 
Amortisation charge for the year 
Impairment charge for the year 

At 31 December 2022 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2022 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions  
Disposals 
At 31 December 2023 
Accumulated amortisation & impairment 

At 1 January 2023 

Amortisation charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2023 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2023 

Company 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions  
At 31 December 2022 

Accumulated amortisation & impairment 
At 1 January 2022 
Amortisation charge for the year 
Impairment charge for the year 

At 31 December 2022 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2022 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions  
Disposals 
At 31 December 2023 
Accumulated amortisation & impairment 

At 1 January 2023 

Amortisation charge for the year 
Disposals 
At 31 December 2023 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2023 

Goodwill 

Exclusivity rights 

Patent costs 

Website 

£ 

£ 

£ 

57,152,699 
- 
57,152,699 

14,192,699 
- 
40,660,000 

500,000 
- 
500,000 

- 
- 
500,000 

101,717 
117,838 
219,555 

7,219 
10,263 
- 

54,852,699 

500,000 

17,482 

2,300,000 

- 

202,073 

£ 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

Total 

£ 

57,754,416 
117,838 
57,872,254 

14,199,918 
10,263 
41,160,000 

55,370,181 

2,502,073 

57,152,699 
573,581 

57,726,280 

54,852,699 

- 
- 
54,852,699 

500,000 
- 
(500,000) 
- 

500,000 

- 
(500,000) 
- 

219,555 
31,574 
- 
251,129 

17,482 

13,130 
- 
30,612 

- 
16,634 
- 
16,634 

57,872,254  
621,789 
(500,000) 
57,994,043 

- 

55,370,181 

3,867 
- 
3,867 

16,997 
(500,000) 
54,887,178 

2,873,581 

- 

220,517 

12,767 

3,106,865 

Goodwill 

Exclusivity rights 

Patent costs 

Website 

£ 

£ 

£ 

57,152,699 
- 
57,152,699 

14,192,699 
- 
40,660,000 

500,000 
- 
500,000 

- 
- 
500,000 

101,717 
117,838 
219,555 

7,219 
10,263 
- 

54,852,699 

500,000 

17,482 

2,300,000 

- 

202,073 

£ 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

Total 

£ 

57,754,416 
117,838 
57,872,254 

14,199,918 
10,263 
41,160,000 

55,370,181 

2,502,073 

57,152,699 
- 
- 
57,152,699 

54,852,699 

- 
- 
54,852,699 

500,000 
- 
(500,000) 
- 

500,000 

- 
(500,000) 
- 

219,555 
31,574 
- 
251,129 

17,482 

13,130 
- 
30,612 

- 
16,634 
- 
16,634 

57,872,254  
48,208 
(500,000) 
57,420,462 

- 

55,370,181 

3,867 
- 
3,867 

16,997 
(500,000) 
54,887,178 

2,300,000 

- 

220,517 

12,767 

2,533,284 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Goodwill acquired by the Group in 2020 arose on the acquisition and hive up of Waste2Tricity Limited. It was considered attributable 
to the Group’s DMG™ technology, which is intended to be licensed on a project-by-project basis to generate income to the Group over 
the lifetime of each project.  

The recoverable amount of goodwill at the balance sheet date was assessed as a directors’ valuation (2022: directors’ valuation). The 
directors (2022: directors) assessed impairment of £nil to goodwill (2022 assessed impairment of £40.66m to goodwill). The directors 
(2022:  directors)  took  note  of  the  ICAEW  Corporate  Finance  Faculty  Best  Practice  Guideline  April  2008  and  applied  a  discounted 
cashflow approach, supported by the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Guidelines of December 2018. 

Goodwill additions in the Group in the year relates entirely to the acquisitions of Engsolve Limited and Protos Limited as set out in 
Note 13 and Note 27. The goodwill generated on the acquisition of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No 1 Ltd was calculated as a Gain on 
Bargain Purchase which has been expensed to the Statement of Comprehensive Income in accordance with the Group’s accounting 
policies. 

The key assumptions made by the directors in both years were: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

the expected roll out of the technology over 5 years following the delivery of the Protos project (2022: same assumption); 

that the roll out will not be significantly impacted by competing technologies (2022: same assumption); 

that the Group and roll out developer construct 5 projects (2022: same assumption); 

the expected operating life of projects from which the Group will earn licence revenues (2022: same assumption);  

the expected licence fees arising per project based upon agreements with Peel NRE (2022: same assumption); 

the expected cost of services to support annual licence fee income estimated by the Group based upon current draft project 
agreements (2022: same assumption); 

applying a discount rate to cashflow of 35% (2022: 35%) assessed by review of market survey reports of discount rates for 
projects within similar and competing sectors which was considered to provide a reasonable estimate of a weighted average 
cost of capital for a group benefiting from the assumed roll out. 

Changes to the above assumptions would impact the valuation assessment. 

The Directors believe that key sensitivities in the 2023 and 2022 valuation are as follows: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

The Directors have assumed a fixed number of 5 projects and 6 systems to be rolled out. Sensitivity workings with the roll 
out of 3 projects and 3 systems would decrease the valuation by c£0.8m to £1.5m.  

The discount rate applied to the cashflows. Sensitivity workings with a discount rate 5% higher at 40% would decrease the 
valuation by c£0.5m to £1.8m.  

Inflation – an increase in the inflation assumption above that assumed in the Directors model would result in adjustment 
to the licence fees and result in an increase the Director’s valuation. 

The Directors have not accounted for the possibility of any onerous obligations arising within the service contracts from which licence 
fees will be earnt as there is no reason to expect that these will arise at this stage in the business life cycle. 

The Group completed an impairment review and fair value review of Engsolve Limited as part of our year end Accounts FY 2023. As part 
of the exercise we reviewed fixed and current assets, liabilities and the future forecast of the business. The outcome of this impairment 
review was that we believe the Goodwill valuation at £573k should not be impaired at the year-end Dec 23. 

As explained in note 27, the Group acquired the full ownership of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No. 1 Ltd (also known as “Protos SPV”) 
as an indirect subsidiary into Powerhouse Energy UK Limited from Peel NRE Ltd for a nominal payment of £1 on 28  April 2023. During 
the year to 31 December 2022, the Group had been in discussions with Peel NRE to enter into a 50/50 Joint Venture arrangement with 
Peel NRE. However, this did not materialise and Peel NRE continued to own 100% of Protos SPV until the Group finally purchased 100% 
of the share capital of Protos SPV on 28 April 2023. The purchase agreement by the Group secures full control of Protos SPV with an 
option to lease on the site at Protos.  

Refer to the CEO section of the Annual Report for further details. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

12. 

Tangible fixed assets 

Group 

Right of use asset 
Land and buildings  
£ 

Property, plant 
and equipment 
£ 

Fixtures and  
fittings 
£ 

Assets under 
construction 
£ 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
At 31 December 2022 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2022 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2022 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2022 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions  

Additions on acquisition 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

Accumulated depreciation 

At 1 January 2023 

Charge for the year 

Charges on aquisition 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2023 

Total 

£ 

70,866 
673 
71,539 

37,774 
27,970 
65,744 

5,795 

71,539 
1,182,334 

32,798 

(49,250) 

1,237,421 

65,744 

41,885 

19,406 

(49,250) 

77,785 

49,250 
- 
49,250 

26,677 
22,573 
49,250 

20,413 
- 
20,413 

10,705 
4,865 
15,570 

- 

4,843 

20,413 
32,349 

16,959 

- 

69,721 

15,570 

9,614 

13,464 

49,250 
180,919 

- 

(49,250) 

180,919 

49,250 

30,153 

(49,250) 

30,153 

1,203 
673 
1,876 

392 
532 
924 

952 

1,876 
10,726 

15,839 

- 

28,441 

924 

2,118 

5,942 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
958,340 

- 

- 

958,340 

- 

- 

- 

- 

38,648 

8,984 

150,766 

31,073 

19,457 

958,340 

1,159,636 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Company 

Cost 
At 1 January 2022 
Additions 
At 31 December 2022 

Accumulated depreciation 
At 1 January 2022 
Charge for the year 
At 31 December 2022 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2022 

Cost 
At 1 January 2023 
Additions  

Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

Accumulated depreciation 

At 1 January 2023 

Charge for the year 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2023 

Carrying amount 
At 31 December 2023 

Right of use asset 
Land and buildings  
£ 

Property, plant and 
equipment 
£ 

Fixtures and  
fittings 
£ 

Assets under 
construction 
£ 

49,250 
- 
49,250 

26,677 
22,573 
49,250 

20,413 
- 
20,413 

10,705 
4,865 
15,570 

- 

4,843 

49,250 
180,919 

(49,250) 

180,919 

49,250 

30,153 

(49,250) 

30,153 

20,413 
32,349 

- 

52,762 

15,570 

9,614 

- 

25,184 

1,203 
673 
1,876 

392 
532 
924 

952 

1,876 
10,726 

- 

12,602 

924 

2,118 

- 

3,042 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
*628,340 

- 

628,340 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

£ 

70,866 
673 
71,539 

37,774 
27,970 
65,744 

5,795 

71,539 
852,334 

(49,250) 

874,623 

65,744 

41,885 

(49,250) 

58,379 

150,766 

27,578 

9,560 

628,340 

816,244 

*Included  with  fixed  assets  is  the  amount  of  £628,340  relating  to  assets  under  construction.  As  per  the  accounting  policy,  no 
depreciation will be charged until such a time as the asset is in use. 

13.  Investments 

Cost or carrying value at 1 January 
Additions 
Goodwill recognised 
Dividends 
Share of associate’s net result 
Transfers 
Disposals 

2023 
£ 

Subsidiaries 

48,947,155 
846,145 
- 
- 
- 
263,841 
- 

2023 
£ 
Associates 

187,638 
- 
- 
- 
76,203 
(263,841) 
- 

Cost or carrying value 31 December 

50,057,141 

Provision at 1 January 
Additions 
Disposals 
Accumulated impairment 

Carrying value 

(48,947,154) 
- 
- 
(48,947,154) 
1,109,987 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

2023 
£ 
Other 

2022 
£ 
Subsidiaries 

2022 
£ 
Associates 

2022 

£ 
Other 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

48,947,155 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

140,540 
- 
- 
(1,935) 
49,033 
- 
- 

48,947,155 

187,638 

(48,947,154) 
- 
- 
(48,947,154) 
1 

- 
- 
- 
- 

187,638 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

(i)  Subsidiaries 

Investments  relate  to  costs  of  investments  in  subsidiary  undertakings,  namely  in  Powerhouse  Energy,  Inc,  Pyromex  AG  and 
Powerhouse Energy UK Limited. Powerhouse Energy, Inc is incorporated in California in the United States of America and the Group 
holds 100 per cent of the common stock and voting rights of the subsidiary. Pyromex AG is based in Zug, Switzerland and the Group 
holds 100 per cent of the shares and voting rights of the subsidiary. Powerhouse Energy UK Limited is a wholly owned UK based 
dormant company. 

The subsidiaries included in the consolidated accounts are Engsolve Ltd and Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited.  

The registered address of Powerhouse Energy Inc is 145 N Sierra Madre Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA. 
The registered address of Pyromex AG is Chollerstrasse 3, CH-6300, Zug, Switzerland. 

The registered address of Powerhouse Energy UK Limited, Powerhouse Energy International Limited, Engsolve Limited and Protos 
to Plastics Hydrogen No. 1 Limited is Unit 3/3A Garth Road, Brackla Industrial Estate, Bridgend CF31 2AQ. 

(ii)  Acquisition of interest in Engsolve Limited 

On 21 June 2023, the Group acquired  the remaining 51.61% of the share capital of Engsolve Limited for cash consideration of 
£572,896.  Engsolve  Limited  is  incorporated  and  operates  in  the  UK.  Summary  financial  information  of  Engsolve  Limited  at 
acquisition and balance sheet dates is provided below: 

31 Dec 2023 
£ 

21 June 2023 

31 Dec 2022 
£ 

Summarised balance sheet 
Fixed assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Other current assets 
Current liabilities 
Net assets 
Group share 
Share of net assets 

Summarised Income statement – post acquisition 
Revenue 
Profit from continuing operations 
Profit from discontinued operations 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

Group Share of pre-tax profit/(loss) 
Group share of tax 
Dividends received 

13,391 
570,693 
141,788 
(135,564) 
590,308 
100% 
590,308 

1,120,144 
206,840 
- 
- 
206,840 

206,840 
(44,534) 
- 

11,694 
466,793 
150,492 
(106,419) 
522,560 
100% 
522,560 

596,860
152,936

152,936

83,066
(6,860)
-

6,221 
400,073 
86,632 
(109,457) 
383,469 
48.39% 
185,550 

976,182 
101,334 
- 
- 
101,334 

60,326 
(11,293) 
1,935 

The Group incurred advisory costs associated with the acquisition which were expensed in 2023. 

(iii) Acquisition of interest in Protos Plastics Limited 

On 21 June 2023, the Group acquired 100% of the share capital of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited as an indirect subsidiary 
though Powerhouse Energy UK Limited for cash consideration of £1. Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited is incorporated and 
operates in the UK. Summary financial information of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited at acquisition and balance sheet 
date is provided below: 

Summarised balance sheet 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Other current assets 
Current liabilities 
Net assets 
Group share 
Share of net assets 

31 Dec 2023 
£ 

5 
945,715 
(197,324) 
748,391 
100% 
748,391 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Summarised Income statement – post acquisition 
Revenue 
Profit/Loss from continuing operations 
Profit from discontinued operations 
Other comprehensive income 
Total comprehensive income 

- 
35,639 
- 
- 
35,639 

The Group incurred advisory costs associated with the acquisition which were expensed in 2023. 

(iv) Other investments 

During 2021, the Group’s investment in Waste2Tricity International (Thailand) Limited was transferred into a new Thailand based 
entity, Altec Energy Limited (“Altec”). The Group has not taken part in fund raises investment made by Altec subsequent to its 
formation. In the previous year’s accounts the interest was identified as being reduced to 33.8% as at 31 December 2021 and to 
30.4%  since  December  2021.  We  have  been  recently  informed  that  the  audit  of  Altec  accounts  picked  up  an  error  in  these 
calculations.  The  share  holding  was  in  fact  33.5%  as  at  December  2021  and  30.1%  since  December  2021  (a  0.3%  error  in  the 
calculation). Due to the passive nature of the Group’s involvement, the interest is held in other investments. 

14.  Loans receivable 

Loans advanced 
Accrued interest 
Loan provision 

2023 
£ 

- 
- 
- 

- 

2022 
£ 

2,077,600 
81,674 
(2,159,274) 

- 

On 12 May 2021, the Group agreed to provide a loan facility for up to £3.8m to Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No 1 Limited, the Peel NRE 
special purpose vehicle and owner of the development of the Protos plant. The loan was to provide support to the plant construction 
and to secure long lead time items and project design services. The loan facility was made available for an initial 6-month period, accruing 
interest daily at the Bank of England base rate plus 2%. The availability period for the facility was subsequently extended until 28 April 
2023 at which point Powerhouse Energy Group Plc acquired 100% of the share capital of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No1 Limited for £1. 
From October 2022 to the year end, the directors were seeking a 50/50 JV with Peel NRE and there had been other indicators of a change 
in the risk profile. The directors in note 11 have assumed a discount rate of 35% for the project with Peel NRE, due to the change in the 
risk profile. Accordingly, the Directors impaired the loan in full as at December 31 2023. The Directors also applied the same approach to 
the trade debtor balance of £986,392 which existed between Powerhouse Energy Group Plc and Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No 1 Limited 
and subsequently impaired the trade debtor balance also to £Nil value at the year end 31 December 2022.  

15.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Prepayments and accrued income 

16.  Corporation tax 

Group 

2023 
£ 

79,078 
157,094 
89,662 

325,834 

Group 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

- 
342,021 
61,226 

403,247 

Company 

2023 
£ 

- 
375,864 
78,223 

454,087 

2022 
£ 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

- 
342,021 
61,226 

403,247 

Company 

2022 
£ 

Corporation tax recoverable 

168,527 

166,318 

168,527 

166,318 

168,527 

166,318 

168,527 

166,318 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

17.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

2023 
£ 

Company 

2022 
£ 

Cash balances 

4,348,887 

5,882,897 

3,775,250 

5,882,897 

4,348,887 

5,882,897 

3,775,250 

5,882,897 

18.  Trade and other payables: amounts falling due within one year 

Trade payables 
Lease liability 
Other creditors and accruals 
Other taxes 
Pensions payable 

Group 

2023 
£ 

110,673 
32,921 
341,202 
19,774 
1,688 

506,258 

19.  Trade and other payables: amounts falling due more than one year 

Lease liability 

Group 

2023 
£ 

122,475 

122,475 

2022 
£ 

116,560 
- 
148,563 
10,677 
3,506 

279,306 

2022 
£ 

- 

- 

Company 

2023 
£ 

79,308 
32,921 
922,582 
19,684 
1,688 

1,056,183 

Company 

2023 
£ 

122,475 

122,475 

2022 
£ 

116,560 
- 
148,563 
10,677 
3,506 

279,306 

2022 
£ 

- 

- 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

20.  Financial assets and financial liabilities 

Financial assets 

Financial assets at amortised cost: 
 - Trade receivables 
 - Other Debtors  
 - Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities 

Liabilities at amortised cost: 

 - Trade payables 
-Other creditors 
-Taxes – VAT & payroll 
 - Pensions payable 
-Lease liabilities 

Group 

2023 
£ 

2022 
£ 

79,078 
157,094 
4,348,887  5,882,897 

- 
342,021 

Company 

2023 
£ 

79,078 
375,864 
3,775,250 

2022 
£ 

- 
342,021 
5,882,897 

4,585,059  5,882,897 

4,230,192 

5,882,897 

Group

2023
£

110,673 
341,172 
19,744 
1,688 
32,981 

Company 

2023 
£ 

79,308 
922,582 
19,684 
1,688 
32,921 

2022 
£ 

116,560 
148,563 
10,677 
3,506 
- 

2022 
£ 

116,560 
148,563 
10,677 
3,506 
- 

506,258 

279,306 

1,056,183 

279,306 

21.  Leases 
The Group 
 has leased offices at the location of its research facility for a duration less than one year. The lease is reflected in the accounts as an 
expense on the income statement. 

21.1 Amounts recognised in the balance sheet 

Right of use assets relate to leased properties that do not meet the definition of investment property and are presented within 
tangible fixed assets per Note 12. 

Right of use assets 
Balance at 1 January 
Additions to right of use assets 
Depreciation charge for the year 

Balance at 31 December 

Future minimum rentals payable are as follows:  
Amounts payable: 
Within one year 
Later than one year and not later than five years 
Total gross payments 
Impact of finance expenses 

Carrying value of liability 

21.2 Amounts recognised in income statement 

Depreciation charge 
Interest on lease liabilities 
Expenses relating to short term leases 

65 

2023 
£ 

- 
180,919 
(30,153) 

150,766 

2023 
£ 

46,000 
135,570 
181,570 
(26,174) 

155,396 

2023 
£ 

30,153 
10,867 
3,844 

44,864 

2022 
£ 

22,573 
- 
(22,573) 

- 

2022 
£ 

- 
- 

- 

- 

2022 
£ 

22,573 
855 
120 

23,548 

- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

21.3 Amounts recognised in statement of cashflows 

Interest on lease liabilities 
Repayment of lease principal 

Total cash outflow for leases 

22.  Share capital 

Group and Company 
(i) Number of shares 

2023 
£ 

10,867 
30,153 

2022 
£ 

855 
23,455 

41,020 

24,310 

0.5 p Ordinary  
shares 

0.5 p Deferred 
shares 

4.5 p Deferred 
shares  

4.0 p Deferred  
shares 

Shares at 1 January 2022 

3,957,414,135 

388,496,747 

17,373,523 

9,737,353 

Issue of shares 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Shares at 31 December 2022 

3,957,414,135 

388,496,747 

17,373,523 

9,737,353 

Issue of shares  

208,000,000 

- 

- 

- 

Shares at 31 December 2023 

4,165,414,135 

388,496,747 

17,373,523 

9,737,353 

(ii) Value in £ 

0.5 p Ordinary 
shares 

0.5 p Deferred 
shares 

4.5 p Deferred
shares

4.0 p Deferred 
shares 

Share Capital 

£ 

£ 

£

£ 

£ 

At 1 January 2022 

19,787,071 

1,942,483 

781,808

389,494 

22,900,856 

Issue of shares 

At 31 December 2022 

- 

- 

-

- 

- 

19,787,071 

1,942,483 

781,808

389,494 

22,900,856 

Issue of shares  

1,040,000 

- 

-

- 

1,040,000 

At 31 December 2023 

20,827,071 

1,942,483 

781,808

389,494 

23,940,856 

All ordinary shares of the Company rank pari-passu in all respects. 

The deferred shares do not carry any voting rights or any entitlement to attend general meetings of the Company. They carry only a right 
to participate in any return of capital once an amount of £100 has been paid in respect of each ordinary share. 

On 22 August 2023, the Company issued 200,000,000 new ordinary shares of 0.5p each (“Ordinary shares”) in the Company at a price of 
0.5p each amounting to £1,000,000 before issue costs. The Company also paid its Broker, Turner Pope Investments Limited, 8,000,000 
new  ordinary  shares  (“Broker  Fee  Shares”)  at  the  issue  price  0.5p  each  amounting  to  £40,000  instead  of  cash  in  respect  of  certain 
professional fees. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

23.  Other reserves  

Group 

As at 1 January 2022 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 2022 

Share based payments  
Share issue costs 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 2023 

Company 

As at 1 January 2022 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 2022 

Share based payments 
Share issue costs 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 2023 

24.  Accumulated deficit  

Group 

As at 1 January 
Loss for the year 
Share based payments 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 

Company 

As at 1 January 
Loss for the year 
Share based payments 
Reserve transfer – goodwill impairment 

At 31 December 

Merger relief  
reserve 
£ 

36,117,711 
(36,117,711) 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Merger relief  
reserve 
£ 

36,117,711 
(36,117,711) 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

Share premium 
account 
£ 

61,291,710 
- 

61,291,710 

(70,901) 
- 
- 

61,220,809 

Share premium 
account 
£ 

61,291,710 
- 

61,291,710 

(70,901) 
- 
- 

61,220,809 

2023 
£ 

(75,323,903) 
(1,427,647) 
70,901 
- 

2022 
£ 

(65,224,306) 
(46,198,679) 
(18,629) 
36,117,711 

(76,680,649) 

(75,323,903) 

2023 
£ 

(75,323,903) 
(2,229,942) 
70,901 
- 

2022 
£ 

(65,224,306) 
(46,198,679) 
(18,629) 
36,117,711 

(77,482,944) 

(75,323,903) 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

25.  Share based payments 

The expense recognized for share-based payments during the year is shown in the following table: 

Share based payment charge recognised in Income Statement 

Expense arising from equity-settled share-based payment transactions: 

 - Share options for Directors and employees 
 - Shares issued for third party services 

Total share-based payment charge in Income Statement 

Share based payment charge recognised in Share Premium Account 

Warrants for third party services in Sep 23 
Warrants lapsed in Sep 23 
Total share-based payment charge in Share Premium Account 

Total share-based payment charges recognised 

Other share-based payment movement 

Exercise of share options by Directors and employees 
Exercise of warrants for third party services 
Shares option lapsed in Jan 22 

Total share-based payment 

2023 
£ 

- 
40,000 
40,000 

78,735 
(7,834) 
70,901 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

2022 
£ 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
(18,629) 
(18,629) 

There were no liabilities recognised in relation to share based payment transactions. 

25.1 Share options for Directors and employees 

The Group has put in place various options schemes for Directors and employees as follows: 

On 8 December 2014, the Group granted 11,000,000 options over ordinary shares to the Board. The options may be exercised 
between the grant date and the tenth anniversary of the grant date and will lapse if not exercised during that period. 

On 6 March 2018, the Group granted 32,100,000 options over ordinary shares to employees, including a Board member, under the 
Powerhouse Energy Group PLC 2018 EMI Option Scheme. The options vest to the employees over a period of 24 months and are 
exercisable between the relevant vesting dates and the tenth anniversary of the grant date and will lapse if not exercised during 
that period. These options had all been exercised or forfeited by 31 December 2019.  

On 6 March 2018, the Group granted 60,000,000 options over ordinary shares to Board members under the Powerhouse Energy 
Group PLC 2018 non-employee Share Option Plan. The options vest to the Board members over a period of 24 months and are 
exercisable between the relevant vesting dates and the tenth anniversary of the grant date and will lapse if not exercised during 
that period. 

On 23 April 2021, the Group granted 1,773,239 share options in ordinary shares of 0.5p each in the Group to two Directors of the 
Group in lieu of part or all of their fees to which they are entitled. The options have an exercise price of 6.3p each and lapse 3 years 
from the date of grant. 

The movement of share options in the year are as follows: 

Outstanding at 1 January  
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Outstanding at 31 December  

Exercisable at 31 December 

2023 

Number 

15,581,355 
- 

- 
15,581,355 

15,581,355 

2023 

WAEP (pence) 

1.13 
- 

- 
1.13 

1.13 

2022 

Number 

16,062,692 
- 
(481,337) 
- 
15,581,355 

15,581,355 

2022 

WAEP (pence) 

1.33 
- 
6.3 
- 
1.13 

1.13 

The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options outstanding as at 31 December 2023 was 0.9 years (2022: 
1.9 years).  

No share options were granted during the year (2022: nil). The range of exercise prices for options outstanding at the year-end 
was 0.6p to 6.3p (2022: 0.6p to 6.3p). The number of options outstanding at 31 December 2023 and the movements in the year 
are as follows: 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Date of  
grant 

Granted 

Share price on 
grant 

Exercised  

Forfeited 

At 31 Dec 
2023 

Exercise 
price 

Exercise period 

8 Dec  
2014 

6 Mar  
2018 

22 Apr 
2021 

6,000,000 

1.875p 

- 

(3,000,000) 

3,000,000 

2.5p 

60,000,000 

0.57p 

(48,000,000)

- 

12,000,000 

0.6p 

1,773,239 

5.58p 

- 

(1,191,884) 

581,355 

6.3p 

9 Dec 2014 until 8 Dec 
2024 

7 Mar 2018 until 
8 Dec 24* 

23 Apr 2021 until 
22 Apr 2024 

Total 

67,773,239 

(48,000,000)

(4,191,884) 

15,581,355 

*The expiry date of the option granted on 6 March 2018 was adjusted by the board due to a director leaving the Group in June 2022. 
On 29 September 2022 the board agreed to align the termination/expiry dates for both sets of options for James Greenstreet to  8 
December 2024.  

The estimated fair value of the options issued was calculated by applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions 
used in the calculation were as follows: 

Options in issue 31 December 2023 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Contractual life 
Risk free rate 
Estimated fair value of each option 

8 December 2014 

6 March 2018 

22 April 2021 

3,000,000 
2.5p 
127.56% 
10 years 
2% 
1.79p 

12,000,000 
0.6p 
70.00%** 
10 years 
1.49% 
0.32p* 

581,355 
6.3p 
214.8%** 
3 years 
0.15% 
3.87p* 

* the calculation applies a 25% discount for small companies 
** expected volatility based on historic volatility at the point of grant. 

25.2 Warrants for third party services 

The Group has issued warrants in respect of services provided by consultants as part of their service arrangements. It has also 
issued warrants to participating shareholders in respect of certain fund raises. No share-based payment charge is recognised for 
warrants issued to participating shareholders as they are outside of the scope of IFRS 2.  

Details of warrants which have been issued are as follows: 

On 15 September 2020, the Group granted 5,395,260 warrants to the Group’s broker as part of its service arrangement in relation 
to the fund raise arising on that date. The options may be exercised between the grant date and the third anniversary of the grant 
date and will lapse of not exercised during that period. At the date of grant the share price was 3.3p and the warrants have an 
exercise price of 2.5p per share. 

On 21 January 2021, the Group granted 9,090,910 warrants to the Group’s broker as part of its service arrangement in relation to 
the fund raise arising on that date. The options may be exercised between the grant date and the third anniversary of the grant 
date and will lapse of not exercised during that period. At the date of grant the share price was 8.6p and the warrants have an 
exercise price of 5.5p per share. 

On 1 September 2023, the Group granted 16,000,000 warrants to the Group’s broker as part of its service arrangement in relation 
to the fund raise arising on that date. The options may be exercised between the grant date and the third anniversary of the grant 
date and will lapse of not exercised during that period. At the date of grant the share price was 0.55p and the warrants have an 
exercise price of 0.5p per share. 

Please see note 32 Events after the reporting period in relation to issuing warrants to Strand Hanson Limited.  

Warrants in respect of services provided: 

The movement of warrants issued for share-based payments in the year are as follows: 

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Outstanding at 1 January  
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Outstanding at 31 December  

2023 
Number 
9,590,910 
16,000,000 
(500,000) 
- 
25,090,910 

2023 
WAEP (pence) 
5.3 
0.5 
2.5 
- 
2.3 

2022 
Number 
9,590,910 

- 

9,590,910 

2022 
WAEP (pence) 
5.3 
- 
- 
- 
5.3 

Exercisable at 31 December 

25,090,910 

2.3 

9,590,910 

5.3 

The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share warrants outstanding as at 31 December 2023 was 1.7 years (2022: 
1.0 years) 

The range of exercise prices for warrants outstanding at the year-end was 0.5p to 5.5p (2022: 2.5p to 5.5p). 

The number of warrants, which have been included for share-based payment purposes, outstanding at 31 December 2023 and the 
movements in the year are as follows: 

Date of grant 

Granted 

Share price  
on grant 

Exercised  

Forfeited 

At 31 Dec  
2023 

Exercise  
Price 

Exercise  
period 

15 Sep 2020 

5,395,260 

3.3p 

(5,395,260) 

- 

2.5p 

21 Jan 2021 

9,090,910 

01 Sep 2023 

16,000,000 

8.6p 

0.6p 

Total 

30,486,170 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

9,090,910 

5.5p 

16,000,000 

0.5p 

(5,395,260) 

25,090,910 

16 Sep 2020 until 
15 Sep 2023 

22 Jan 2021 until 
21 Jan 2024  
02 Sep 2023 until 
01 Sep 2026 

The Group is required to assess the fair value of instruments issued in respect of services received, with such value charged to the 
Income Statement. The estimated fair value of the warrants issued during the year was calculated by applying the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model. The assumptions used in the calculation were as follows: 

Warrants issued for services 

21 Jan 2021 

In issue 31 December 2023 
Exercise price 
Expected volatility* 
Contractual life 
Risk free rate 
Estimated fair value of each option 

9,090,910 
5.5p 
161.6% 
3 years 
(0.07%) 
4.6p 

* expected volatility based on historic volatility at the point of grant. 

Warrants issued to participating shareholders 

01 Sep 2023 

16,000,000 
0.5p 
275.58% 
3 years 
4.82% 
0.49p 

Warrants issued to participating shareholders are outside the scope of IFRS 2 and no  share-based payment charges have been 
recognised on them. On initial recognition the warrants’ cost was deducted from equity as it represents the cost of shares issued 
to investors. As the agreements had a fixed-for-fixed requirement, they are also recognised as equity at the same time. As such, 
there is £nil net impact on equity and has not been included in the statement of changes in equity. 

The number of warrants issued to participating shareholders, which have not been included for share-based payment purposes, 
outstanding at 31 December 2023 and the movements in the year are as follows: 

Date of grant 

Granted 

Share price on
grant 

Exercised 

Forfeited 

At 31 Dec 2023 

15 Sep 2020 

371,510,069 

3.3p 

Total 

371,510,069 

- 

- 

(371,510,069) 

(371,510,069) 

- 

- 

Exercise 
price 

2.75p 

Exercise period 

16 Sep 2020 until 30 
April 2023 

The  estimated  fair  value  of  the  warrants  issued  was  calculated  by  applying  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model.  The 
assumptions used in the calculation were as follows: 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

All warrants  

The number of all warrants outstanding at 31 December 2023 and the movements in the year are as follows: 

Date of 
grant 

Granted 

Share price on
grant 

As at 1 Jan 
2023 

Exercised 

Forfeited 

At 31 Dec 
2023 

Exercise
price 

Exercise period 

15 Sep 2020 

5,395,260 

3.3p 

500,000 

15 Sep 2020 

371,510,069 

3.3p 

371,510,069 

21 Jan 2021 

9,090,910 

8.6p 

9,090,910 

01 Sep 2023 

16,000,000 

0.6p 

- 

Total 

401,996,239 

381,100,979 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(500,000) 

(371,510,069) 

- 

- 

2.5p 

2.75p 

- 

- 

9,090,910 

5.5p 

16,000,000 

0.5p 

16 Sep 2020 
until 
15 Sep 2023 

16 Sep 2020 
until29 Apr 
2023 
22 Jan 2021 
until 

21 Jan 2024 

01 Sep 2023 
until 
01 Sep 2026 

(372,010,069) 

25,090,910 

*Please see the Post Balance Sheet Event note on Strand Hanson Limited  warrants and Turner Pope warrants. 

26.  Material risks 

The  Group  is  subject  to  various  risks  relating  to  political,  economic,  legal,  social,  industry,  business  and  financial  conditions.  Risk 
assessment and evaluation is an essential part of the Group’s planning and an important aspect of the Group’s internal control system. 
The Group’s approach to these risks is detailed in the Strategic Report. 

27.  Business Combinations 

In April 2023 the Group acquired Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited for £1 and on 20 June 2023 the Group acquired Engsolve 
Limited for a total consideration of £572,896 as set out in the notes below: 

Acquisition of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited 

Recognised amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: 

Fixed Assets 
Tangible 
Asset under Construction 
Current Assets 
Debtors 
Cash at bank and in hand 

Total Assets 

Creditors 

Due within one year 

Total dentifiable net assets 

Goodwill 
Total Purchase Consideration 
Cash (Outflow)/Inflow on Acquisition 

Book Value 
£ 

Adjustment 
£ 

Fair Value 
£ 

2,362,649 
330,000 

(2,362,649) 

615,709 
5,787 

(209,015) 
- 

3,314,145 

(2,571,664) 

- 
330,000 

406,694 
5,787 

742,481 

(3,361,853) 

3,332,124 

(29,729) 

(47,708) 

760,460 

712,752 

(712,751) 
1 
5,786 

As part of the Fair Value adjustments it was identified that Fixed Assets held were impaired and had no sales value. In addition to this 
the Group took the decision that the loan between Powerhouse Energy Group PLC and Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No 1 Limitedis not 
expected to be recovered and due to there being control the loan owed in the books of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No 1 Limited was 
impaired to £nil. 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

The goodwill arising on acquisition is attributable to the acquisition of Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited. The goodwill generated 
from the Acquisition of Protos Plastice to Hydrogen No.1 Limited is included in the Group profit and loss account.The results of Protos 
Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited since acquisition are as follows. 

Turnover 

Profit for the period since acquisition 

Acquisition of Engsolve Limited 

Recognised amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: 

Fixed Assets 
Tangible 
Current Assets 
Debtors 
Cash at bank and in hand 

Total Assets 

Creditors 

Due within one year 

Total identifiable net assets 

Goodwill (See note 11) 
Total Purchase Consideration 

Cash (Outflow)/Inflow on Acquisition 

Current Period since 
acquisition 
£ 

- 

35,639 

Book Value 
£ 

Fair Value 
£ 

11,694 

150,492 
466,793 

628,979 

11,694 

150,492 
466,793 

628,979 

(106,419) 

(106,419) 

522,560 

522,560 

(573,581) 
1,109,986 

(108,967) 

The goodwill arising on acquisition is attributable to the acquisition of Engsolve Limited. The results of Engsolve Limited since acquisition 
are as follows: 

Turnover 

Profit for the period since acquisition 

Cash Acquired on Aquisition 

Current Period since 
acquisition 
£ 

180,559 

53,904 

Cash acquired 
£ 

Cash Paid  
£ 

Cash 
(Outflow)/Inflow on 
Acquisition £ 

Protos Plastics to Hydrogen No.1 Limited 

5,787 

(1) 

5,786 

Engsolve Limited 

466,793 

(575,760) 

(108,967) 

472,580 

(575,761) 

(103,181) 

28.  Pension Costs 

Pension Creditor Year end 2022 

Pension liability in the year 

Pension paid out in the year 

Pension Creditor Year end 2023 

*Group 
£ 
- 

71,655 

67,496 

4,159 

Company 
£ 

- 

23,207 

21,520 

1,687 

*Please note the Group pension scheme figures includes Engsolve pension scheme after full acquisition on 21 June 2023 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
   
 
  
   
 
 
 
  
   
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

29.  Directors’ remuneration and share interests 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2023 had the following interests, including any interests of a connected  party in the 
ordinary shares of the Group: 

Paul Emmitt 

Ben Brier 

Number of ordinary shares  
of 0.5p each 
3,574,901 

6,533,007 

Percentage of  
voting rights 

0.09 

0.15 

The remuneration of the Directors of the Group paid or payable for the year or since date of appointment, if later, to 31 December 
2023 is: 

Antony Royston Gardner-Hillman 
Anthony Clive Gale 
Paul Emmitt 
James John Pryn Greenstreet 
Hugh McAlister 
Paul Drennan-Durose 
Gillian Weeks 
Russell Ward 
Myles Howard Kitcher 
Allan Vlah 
David John Hitchcock 
Karol Kacprzak 
Keith Riley 
Ben Brier 

Total 

2023 
£ 
Salary/Fee 

2023 
£ 
Pension 

2023 
£ 
Share based 
payments 

2023 
£ 
Other 

82,500 
30,000 
106,250 

30,000 

32,500 
26,518 
157,528 
9,375 

474,671 

- 
- 
4,000 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
750 

4,750 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

2023 
£ 
Total 

82,500 
30,000 
110,250 

30,000 

32,500 
26,518 
157,528 
10,125 

479,421 

2022 
£ 
 Total 

- 
66,906 
15,000 
27,232 
259,740 
24,296 
18,899 
25,667 
7,500 
- 
- 
92,546 

537,786 

Total remuneration includes share-based payments arising from the issue of options amounting to nil in 2023 (2022: nil). There have 
been no awards of shares to Directors under long term incentive plans during the year. 

The Directors’ social security costs for the year amounted to £25,192 (2022: £54,026) resulting in a total remuneration expense of 
£504,613 (2022: £651,312). 

Prior to their resignations from the Board, Tim Yeo, James John Pryn Greenstreet, Allan Vlah, Antony Royston Gardner-Hillman and 
Keith Riley had service contracts that could be terminated by the provision of three months’ notice.  

There are no share options for directors who served during the year. 

Highest Paid Director 
Keith Riley was the highest paid Director in the year. There were no shares received or receivable by him in respect of qualifying services 
under long term incentive schemes.  

30.  Related parties 

Engsolve Limited, an engineering solutions company, was a related party until 30 June 2021 due to a  Paul Emmitt’s family member 
being part of its key management personnel and Paul Emmitt being a controlling shareholder, and from 12 August 2021 when the 
Group acquired 48.39% of its share capital. On the 21  June 2023 the  Group acquired the remaining 51.61% of shares of Engsolve 
Limited for a consideration of £572,896, the majority of the shares of which, came from Paul Emmitt who was COO of Powerhouse at 
the time. Engsolve provided engineering services to the  Group during the year amounting  to £666,739 (2022: £596,172). Amounts 
outstanding at year end for services provided and included in these accounts amounted to £51,269 (2022: £31,778). All amounts post 
acquisition have been eliminated in accordance with the accounting policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
NNotes to the Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2023 

Keith Riley was appointed as a non-executive director of the Group on 27 September 2021. Mr Riley was Interim Chairman and acting 
Chief Executive Officer of the Group in 2023 and resigned on 5 September 2023. Mr Riley was also an active director in Engsolve Limited 
from 8 March 2023 to 5 September 2023. Keith Riley joined Hydrogen Utopia International PLC as Technical Director on 6 January 2022 
and resigned on 26 May 2023. Keith Riley was also a director of HU2021 International UK Ltd from 18 January 2022 until 31 May 2023.  

Howard White is a shareholder in the Group and also a strategic Consultant to the Group, having received £40,000 for his services in 
2023. Howard White is also a Board Member and shareholder of Hydrogen Utopia International. 

Hugh McAlister was a Non-Executive Director of the Group during 2023 and also owned shares in Hydrogen Utopia International. 

31.  Events after the reporting period 

On 21 January 2024 9,090,910 warrants held by Turner Pope at an exercise price of 5.5 pence expired. 

On 31 January 2024 the Group announced the appointment of Strand Hanson Limited as the Group’s Nominated and Financial Adviser. 

On  31  January  2024  the  Group  entered  into  a  warrant  agreement  with  Strand  Hanson  Limited.  The  warrant  agreement  included 
31,240,606 warrants over ordinary shares of 0.5 pence at a subscription price of 0.29 pence. The warrant agreement was signed on 31 
January 2024 with a final exercise date of 31 January 2029. 

On  22 February 2024 the Group announced the signing of an initial five year framework agreement with Australian based, National 
Hydrogen  Ltd  ("NH2").  The  Agreement  sets  out  the  terms  on  which  the  Group's  technology  and  engineering  expertise  would  be 
provided, on a project-by-project exclusivity basis, to NH2 for its intended roll out of multiple hydrogen-based projects across Australia, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  and  Hong  Kong.  Powerhouse  will  not  be  required  to  contribute  any  capital  for  these  projects.  Instead,  the 
collaboration will be based on a license fee and royalties model. 

On 11 March 2024 the Group announced the signing of the Longford Joint Venture with Hydrogen Utopia International. The Group had 
previously  announced  on  30  October  2023  the  delaying  of  the  signing.  Initial  financing  is  being  provided  by  AFT  and  Powerhouse 
International by way of shareholder loans (for a maximum of €200,000 each) under separate loan agreements. Any future financing 
will  be  raised  in  accordance  with  the  Subscription  and  Shareholder  Agreement  through  further  loans  or  (with  the  consent  of  the 
shareholders only) subscription for shares. Signing of the Subscription and Shareholder Agreement requires Powerhouse to make an 
immediate payment of £100,000 to HUI. This is in addition to the £100,000 already paid to HUI, as noted in the Group's announcement 
on 21 March 2023. A further payment of £100,000 in cash will also be made to HUI once planning permission has been granted for the 
Longford Project. 

On 22 April 2024 581,355 of share options granted on 22 April 2021 to a Director lapsed.  

On 21 May 2024 the Group’s GB Patent Application No GB1910309.2 “Treatment of waste producing recirculated combustible” was 
granted.  

32.  Ultimate controlling party 

There is no single controlling party of the Group. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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