Quarterlytics / Industrials / Marine Shipping / Pyxis Tankers

Pyxis Tankers

pxs · LSE Industrials
Claim this profile
Ticker pxs
Exchange LSE
Sector Industrials
Industry Marine Shipping
Employees 1-10
← All annual reports
FY2009 Annual Report · Pyxis Tankers
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
Provexis plc 

Annual report and accounts 2009 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents 

3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
10 
16 
20 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
50 
51 
56 

Corporate statement 
Key highlights 
Chairman’s statement 
Chief Executive’s statement 
Directors’ report – financial review 
Directors’ report – business overview 
Directors’ report – remuneration report 
Independent auditors’ report 
Consolidated income statement 
Consolidated balance sheet 
Consolidated cash flow statement 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 
Parent company balance sheet 
Notes to the parent company financial statements 
Company information 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate statement 

The  Provexis  strategy  is  the  discovery,  development  and  licensing  of  functional  food,  medical  food  and 
dietary supplement technologies, with five areas of focus: 

•  Collaborating with leading research institutes to identify and develop proprietary technologies 

•  Developing credible scientific proof to demonstrate efficacy and support product claims 

•  Gaining regulatory and safety clearances in relevant global markets 

• 

Implementing global IP strategies, underpinned by strong patent portfolios 

•  Commercialising  technologies  through  collaboration  and  licensing  with  global  brand  owners  and 

ingredients corporations. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key highlights 

August placing of £2.5m of new ordinary shares of 0.1p each at 0.65p per share and October placing of 
£0.2m of new ordinary shares of 0.1p each at 0.65p per share providing working capital and funding for 
new product pipeline development. 

DSM Venturing take strategic investment of 28.2% in the Company. 

Company in advanced license negotiations with a global ingredients manufacturer for the rights to use 
Fruitflow®. 

Commercial  discussions  for  Fruitflow®  continue  with  potential  global  license  partners  for  the  dairy 
sector, in addition to further assessment and development work with Coca-Cola. 

Fruitflow®  gains  first  ever  Article  13(5)  adoption  of  scientific  substantiation  of  health  claim  under 
European Food Safety Authority regulatory framework. 

Crohn’s Disease clinical trial approved by regulator, with two-centre trial to commence shortly. 

Assessment of new technology for treatment and prevention of peptic ulcers on track. 

Steve  Morrison  appointed  Chief  Operating  Officer  effective  1  October  2008  and  Krijn  Rietveld,  DSM 
Senior Vice President, appointed as Non-executive Director on 29 August 2008. 

Key financial results 
Loss attributable to equity shareholders £4,570,506 (2008: £1,189,117). 

Loss includes a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of £3,099,328 (2008: £NIL) 

Cash balance £1,678,263 (2008: £532,581). 

Loss per share from continuing operations 0.71p (2008: 0.26p). 

Adjusted loss per share from continuing operations, net of goodwill impairment 0.23p (2008: 0.26p). 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement 

The  very  difficult  economic  climate  has  presented  all  companies  in  the  sector  with  some  significant 
challenges and we are not immune to these. I am pleased to report that the Company raised £2.7m in 
aggregate of working capital in August and October 2008 and in addition attracted DSM Venturing as a 
major strategic investor. These are both positive endorsements of the quality of the business and also 
give us resilience to carry us through the downturn. 

These challenging conditions have resulted in some potential license partners for our Fruitflow® heart-
health technology reprioritising innovation projects. However, the management team has continued to 
explore  all  avenues  for  Fruitflow®  revenue  generation  and  I  can  report  that  the  Company  is  at  an 
advanced stage of negotiations for a license agreement with a leading global ingredients manufacturer. 

Furthermore,  the  Company  continues  to  work  with  global  brand  owners  in  the  beverage  and  dairy 
sectors  on  potential  Fruitflow®  commercial  arrangements.  The  Board  will  continue  to  assess  all 
strategic options to protect and maximise shareholder value in parallel with potential licensing activity. 

The R&D team is driving the Fruitflow® development programme forward and, importantly, the scientific 
substantiation for the health claim has recently been adopted by the European Food Safety Authority. 

We  are  now  ready  to  start  the  clinical  trial  for  our  patented  technology  for  the  treatment  of  Crohn’s 
Disease patients in remission. The assessment and development of our peptic ulcer technology, under 
option from the University of Manchester, is on track. 

The  R&D  pipeline  is  promising  and  underpins  our  strategy  to  build  medium  to  long-term  shareholder 
value  for  our  shareholders  through  addressing  substantial  market  sectors  with  novel,  scientifically-
proven technologies. 

The  Board  has  been  significantly  strengthened  through  the  addition  of  new  COO  Steve  Morrison,  a 
very  experienced  R&D  project  Director  and  Non-executive  Director  Krijn  Rietveld,  a  Senior  Vice 
President with DSM Nutrition. On behalf of the whole Board I would like to thank our staff and scientific 
advisers for their expertise, dedication and commitment throughout the year. 

Dawson Buck 
Chairman 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive’s statement 

Strategy and structure 
We continue to execute our strategy of discovery, development and licensing functional food, medical food 
and  dietary  supplements,  in  the  face  of  very  difficult  market  conditions.  We  are  at  an  advanced  stage  of 
negotiations for a license agreement for Fruitflow®, together with discussions with major brand owners with 
interests in substantial sectors. In parallel, we are working to examine all strategic value-realisation options 
for  our  technologies.  With  a  further  novel  product  now  entering  clinical  trial,  attention  will  be  given  to 
exploring its commercial potential with possible license partners. 

We  have  strengthened  the  team,  with  Steve  Morrison  joining  us  from  Ipsen  (and  prior  to  that  Shire 
Pharmaceuticals) and bringing a strong record as  a  global R&D project Director. The R&D  team has been 
strengthened with the addition of two further scientists. Both of these steps underpin the strategy to deliver 
shareholder value via a healthy pipeline of proprietary technologies addressing substantial markets. 

We raised an aggregate of £2.7m of working capital in August and October 2008 giving us sufficient reserves 
to  deliver  the  next  phase  of  the  Company’s  development.  Clearly,  in  the  face  of  very  difficult  conditions 
across our sector, we are managing cash very carefully. As planned we have reduced overheads 2% year on 
year to £967,000 and  while R&D spend has increased 21% to  £651,000 in line  with plan,  we  are currently 
managing  the  phasing  of  future  investment  very  conservatively.  The  increased  R&D  investment  was  for 
developing new IP for Fruitflow®, advancing the Crohn’s Disease human trial programme and commencing 
the assessment of the peptic ulcer technology, these initiatives being key to developing shareholder value. 

There is a goodwill impairment charge of £3,099,328 in relation to the carrying value of the goodwill from the 
acquisition of Provexis Natural Products Limited in June 2005. This is a prudent step given the deterioration 
in the economic climate and resultant increased uncertainties. The charge has no effect on our cash position 
or our operations.  

Fruitflow® 
We  are  in  advanced  license  negotiations  with  a  leading  global  ingredients  manufacturer  with  global  reach 
and  strategic  relationships  with  a  wide  range  of  global  brand  owners,  in  addition  to  an  extensive  customer 
base of regional brand owners. These negotiations are focused on rights for all food, beverage and dietary 
supplement applications. 

In addition, we are in discussions with a major dairy brand owner and we continue to explore with Coca-Cola 
the  development  of  a  product  for  one  of  their  major  markets,  with  this  work  planned  to  continue  over  the 
coming months. A re-prioritisation of Unilever’s innovation pipeline, together with our own initiatives in mini-
drinks, has resulted in collaborative work being halted at present. 

The European Food Safety Authority has adopted the scientific substantiation of a health claim for Fruitflow® 
under Article 13(5) of the new EC regulation framework for nutrition and health claims. This is the first Article 
13(5) dossier to be approved by EFSA and as such represents a major breakthrough for the Company. 

We  filed  new  patents  relating  to  the  bioactive  composition  of  Fruitflow®,  as  well  as  novel  manufacturing 
process  elements,  following  extensive  characterisation  work  by  the  R&D  team.  This  important  new  patent 
family is aimed at further protecting and developing the value of our intellectual property. 

A  human  trial  comparing  the  Fruitflow®  technology  with  aspirin,  a  recognised  anti-thrombotic  product,  is 
underway  in  Aberdeen.  Aspirin  has  known  deficiencies,  such  as  resistance  to  its  effect  in  a  significant 
proportion of users and side effects including gastric bleeding. We believe that favourable results in the trial 
will  provide  potential  commercial  opportunities,  given  an  estimated  50  million  people  in  the  USA  use  low-
dose aspirin daily. Results of the trial will be announced later in the year. 

In March 2009 our license partner Multiple Marketing Limited launched Sirco® in a range of Waitrose stores 
in the UK and we understand our partner is working to extend distribution into other major multiple and high 
street chains. The Company will receive a royalty from the sales of Sirco®. 

NSP#3G plantain extract 
Following  a  Clinical  Trials  Authorisation  received  from  the  Medicines  &  Healthcare  products  Regulatory 
Agency and completion of the necessary pre-trial processes, we will commence a two-centre trial on Crohn’s 
Disease patients in remission in the next few weeks. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive’s statement continued 

With the trial commencing and  combined  with recently  obtained healthy human data,  we  will  now increase 
activity  in  the  commercial  area,  seeking  to  identify  potential  global  license  or  co-development  partners  to 
address this substantial market opportunity.  

Helicobacter pylori 
Our option agreement with the University of Manchester and associated research work into a novel extract 
for  the  treatment  of  helicobacter  pylori,  a  major cause  of  peptic  ulcers,  is  proceeding  well  and  will  reach  a 
critical decision point in the last quarter of this calendar year. 

The Company received a £100,000 grant from the North West Development Agency for this project and this 
directly funds a significant portion of the costs in the phase of development. 

Outlook 
Progress will continue to be difficult in this economic environment and we are managing cash and resources 
very  carefully  in  recognition  of  this.  We  are  focused  on  revenue  development  for  our  key  Fruitflow® 
technology with positive negotiations and discussions in place with global players in the ingredients, food and 
beverage  sectors.  We  will  continue  to  explore  actively  all  options  for  value  creation  and  realisation  for 
Fruitflow® and our pipeline technologies. 

We  remain  committed  to  creating  medium  and  long-term shareholder  value  through  the  exploitation  of  our 
technology  pipeline  and  will  expedite  development  this  year,  while  being  mindful  of  the  need  to  preserve 
resources. 

Stephen Moon 
Chief Executive 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – financial review  

International Financial Reporting Standards 
The Financial Review should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes 
to the financial statements set out on pages 22 to 49. 

The  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards  (IFRS)  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Interpretation 
Committee (IFRIC) interpretations as endorsed by the European Union, and those parts of the  Companies 
Acts 1985 and 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 

The  financial  statements  of  the  Company  continue  to  be  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (“UK GAAP”) and are set out on pages 50 to 55. 

Revenue and grant income 
Revenue for the year ended 31 March 2009 was £5,400 (2008: £161,702), reflecting a decrease in amounts 
payable to the Group by its prospective licensing partners. 

Grant income for the year ended 31 March 2009 was £20,000, being the first part of a £100,000 grant which 
was awarded to the Group in January 2009 by The Northwest Regional Development Agency (NWDA). The 
grant is in respect of the Group’s new helicobacter pylori project with the University of Manchester, for a new 
technology for the treatment and prevention of peptic ulcers. 

Grant income for the year ended 31 March 2008 was £133,649, being the final part of a research grant for 
the  Group’s  Crohn’s  Disease  technology.  The  Crohn’s  Disease  grant  was  awarded  to  the  Group  in 
November 2005 by the NWDA. 

Research and development costs 
Research  and  development  (“R&D”)  costs  for  the  year  ended  31  March  2009  were  £651,301  (2008: 
£537,840), including £16,690 capitalised under IAS 38 (2008: £20,597) reflecting an increase in R&D activity 
for the Fruitflow® and Crohn’s Disease projects, and the commencement of R&D activity for the Group’s new 
peptic ulcer project. 

R&D  expenditure  comprises  in-house  costs  (staff,  R&D  consumables,  intellectual  property,  facilities  and 
depreciation  of  R&D  assets)  and  external  costs  (preclinical  studies,  manufacturing,  regulatory  affairs  and 
clinical trials). 

The Group’s R&D team continues to research further claim areas for the Group’s core Fruitflow® technology. 
A  second  phase  patient  trial  for  the  Group’s  Crohn’s  Disease  technology  is  due  to  commence  shortly, 
following  a  Clinical  Trials  Authorisation  received  from  the  Medicines  and  Healthcare  products  Regulatory 
Agency. 

The Group aims to achieve cost effective research and development and to bring products to market through 
licensing partners as soon as is practicable. 

Administrative costs 
Administrative  costs  for  the  year  relating  to  continuing  operations  were  £967,111  (2008:  £986,073),  which 
includes  a  share-based  payment  charge  of  £112,630  (2008:  £31,583).  Net  of  the  share-based  payment 
charge  administrative  costs  for  the  year  were  £854,481,  a  £100,009  reduction  from  the  net  £954,490 
incurred in 2008. 

The Group’s cost base and its resources have been and will continue to be tightly managed. 

Impairment of goodwill 
The Group has recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of £3,099,328 (2008: £NIL) in relation to the 
carrying value of the goodwill which arose in June 2005 when the Company acquired the entire issued share 
capital of Provexis Natural Products Limited. 

Goodwill arising on business combinations is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently 
if there are indications that goodwill may be impaired, and the recoverable amount of goodwill is determined 
based on value in use calculations. The Group’s activities are treated as a single cash-generating unit. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – financial review continued 

Impairment of goodwill (continued) 
The  key  assumptions  for  the  value  in  use  calculations  are  those  regarding  discount  rates,  revenue 
commencement dates, growth rates and expected changes in margins. Management estimate discount rates 
using  pre-tax  rates  that  reflect  the  current  market  assessment  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  the  risks 
specific to the cash-generating unit. Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past experience 
and expectations of future changes in the market. 

The impairment recorded in the year was driven by the deterioration in the economic climate, corresponding 
reductions in expected revenues and greater uncertainty about the future, resulting in changes in applicable 
discount rates. The discount rate used to calculate value in use was 23%, which compares to a discount rate 
of 15% used in 2008. The impairment has no impact on the Group’s cash position or its operations. 

Taxation 
A research and development tax credit of £50,000 (2008: £134,371) in respect of research and development 
expenditure incurred has been recognised in the financial statements and is shown as a debtor at 31 March 
2009. 

The £134,371 R&D tax credit disclosed for the year ended 31 March 2008 was in respect of the three years 
ended 31 March 2008. £80,720 of this amount was attributable to the two years ended 31 March 2007, and 
the R&D tax credit claims for these two years were paid to the Group during the year ended 31 March 2009. 
A £46,215 R&D tax credit claim for the year ended 31 March 2008 was paid to the Group in May 2009. 

Losses 
The loss from continuing operations for the year ended 31 March 2009 was £4,570,506 (2008: £1,017,287) 
and the loss per share from continuing operations was 0.71p (2008: 0.26p). The overall loss from continuing 
and discontinued operations for the year ended 31 March 2009 was £4,570,506 (2008: £1,162,684) and the 
loss per share from continuing and discontinued operations was 0.71p (2008: 0.30p). 

The  adjusted  overall  loss  from continuing  and  discontinued  operations  for  the  year  ended  31  March  2009, 
net of the £3,099,328 non-cash goodwill impairment charge, was £1,471,178 and the adjusted loss per share 
from continuing and discontinued operations, net of goodwill impairment, was 0.23p (2008: 0.30p). 

Financial instruments 
Information about the use of financial instruments by the Group is disclosed in note 2. 

Capital structure and funding 
On 28 August 2008 the Company raised £2.514m gross from a new share placing to provide working capital 
and funding for pipeline development. The net proceeds of the placing were £2.270m after share issue costs. 
The placing involved the issue of 386,894,230 new shares at 0.65p per share and a share re-organisation to 
facilitate the issue of the new shares at the subscription price. 

The  share  re-organisation  was  carried  out  because  the  issue  price  of  0.65p  was  lower  than  the  nominal 
value of 1p per share, and it was therefore agreed to sub-divide (i) each of the 401,724,366 issued existing 
ordinary  shares  of  1p  each  in  the  capital  of  the  Company  into  one  new  ordinary  share  of  0.1p  and  one 
Deferred Share of 0.9p; and (ii) each of the 148,275,634 unissued ordinary shares of 1p each into 10 new 
ordinary  shares  of  0.1p  each,  thus  enabling  the  Company  lawfully  to  implement  the  placing  at  the  placing 
price.  The  aggregate  nominal  value  of  the  Company’s  authorised  share  capital  was  not  affected  by  these 
changes. 

Full  details  of  the  placing  were  provided  in  a  circular  to  shareholders  on  1  August  2008.  The  circular  is 
available to download from the Company’s website www.provexis.com. 

On 2 October 2008 the Company raised a further £200,000 gross from a further new share placing. The net 
proceeds of the placing were £194,000 after share issue costs. 

The  Directors  are  of  the  opinion  that  at  8  June  2009,  the  Company's  liquidity  and  capital  resources  are 
adequate to deliver the current strategic objectives and 2009/10 business plan and that the Company meets 
going concern criteria. See also note 1 to the consolidated financial statements on page 26. 

Cash at bank at 31 March 2009 was £1,678,263 (31 March 2008: £532,581). 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview  

Principal activities 
Provexis  plc  is  a  life  sciences-driven  enterprise  that  discovers,  develops  and  licenses  scientifically-proven 
technologies for the global functional food, medical food and dietary supplement sectors. 

Provexis  plc  has  two  wholly  owned  subsidiaries,  Provexis  Nutrition  Limited  (“PNL”)  and  Provexis  Natural 
Products  Limited  (“PNP”)  each  of  which  is  registered  in  England.  Provexis  plc  also  owns  75%  of 
Provexis (IBD) Limited (“IBD”) which is also registered in England. 

Group strategy 
The  Provexis  strategy  is  the  discovery,  development  and  licensing  of  functional  food,  medical  food  and 
dietary supplement technologies, with five areas of focus: 

•  Collaborating with leading research institutes to identify and develop proprietary technologies 

•  Developing credible scientific proof to demonstrate efficacy and support product claims 

•  Gaining regulatory and safety clearances in relevant global markets 

• 

Implementing global IP strategies, underpinned by strong patent portfolios 

•  Commercialising  technologies  through  collaboration  and  licensing  with  global  brand  owners  and 

ingredients corporations. 

Review of the performance of the business and future developments 
The Chairman’s Statement on page 5, the Chief Executive’s Statement on pages 6 and 7 and the Financial 
Review  on  pages  8  and  9  report  on  the  Group’s  performance  during  the  year  ended  31  March  2009, 
its position at that date and its likely future development. 

Key performance indicators 
The executive management and Directors utilise a balanced scorecard of key activities including R&D project 
progress,  commercial  milestones  and  regulatory  activities  to  monitor  and  measure  the  performance  of  the 
business.  These  are  measures  of  the  progress  of  the  business  towards  its  strategic  target  of  revenue 
generation  and  profitability,  and  are  considered  by  the  Board  to  be  the  key  non-financial  performance 
indicators  used  to  determine  achievement  of  Group  strategy  and  are  discussed  in  the  Chief  Executive’s 
statement. The balanced scorecard is reviewed regularly by the executive team and the Directors. 

The  Directors  consider  Group  cash  and  the  absolute  values  of,  and  the  ratio  between,  research  and 
development costs and other administrative overhead costs as being the Group’s key financial performance 
indicators. The cost related indicators assist in monitoring financial control to reduce the hurdle to achieving 
the key future financial milestone of monthly break-even. The monitoring of cash gives due consideration to 
anticipated future spend required to prioritise development opportunities and to plan the resources required 
to achieve the goals of the business. 

The table below shows the Group’s cash position at 31 March 2009 and 31 March 2008: 

Cash at bank and in hand 

31 March  
2009 
£ 

1,678,263 
1,678,263 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

532,581 
532,581 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview continued 

Key performance indicators (continued) 
The table below shows the Group’s R&D ratio for the two years ended 31 March 2009. The R&D ratio is the 
percentage of research and development costs relative to total operating expenses. 

Research and development costs 
Administrative costs before goodwill impairment 
Total operating costs before goodwill impairment 
R&D ratio 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

634,611 
967,111 
1,601,722 
40% 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

517,243 
986,073 
1,503,316 
34% 

Post balance sheet events 
On 28 May 2009 the Company announced the adoption of scientific substantiation of a health claim for the 
Company’s Fruitflow® anti-thrombotic technology by the European Food Safety Authority (“EFSA”). 

The  European  Commission  has  introduced  regulation  aimed  at  harmonizing  and  approving  nutrition  and 
health  claims  on  foods.  EFSA  intends  to  establish  an  EU-wide  list  of  permitted  claims  by  2010  and  health 
claims  which  do  not  comply  will  be  prohibited.  The  Company  submitted  a  health  claim  dossier  to  EFSA  in 
late 2008 under Article 13(5), which regulates newly developed science or claims with proprietary data. 

Following  a  review  by  the  EFSA  panel,  it  was  judged  that  a  cause  and  effect  relationship  has  been 
established between consumption of Fruitflow® and the reduction of platelet aggregation in humans. EFSA 
has now adopted the scientific opinion substantiating the health claim, which is expected to go through the 
final authorization procedure in the coming weeks. 

See also note 24 to the consolidated financial statements on page 49. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The Directors consider that the key risks of the Group are as set out below: 

The Group’s success will depend in part on its ability to obtain and maintain rigorous patent protection for its 
technologies both in the UK and internationally. The Group cannot give definitive assurance that pending or 
future  patent  applications  will  be  granted  or  that  patents  granted  will  not  be  challenged,  invalidated  or 
held unenforceable. 

The  Group  cannot  assure  that  its  intellectual  property  rights  are  sufficiently  broad  to  prevent  third  parties 
from  producing  competing  functional  food,  medical  food  and  dietary  supplement  technologies  similar  in 
nature  to  its  own.  The  Group  also  relies  on  protection  of  trade  secrets,  know-how  and  confidential  and 
proprietary  information. To mitigate this, the Group enters into non-disclosure agreements with employees, 
consultants  and  prospective  commercial  partners  but  cannot  assure  that  such  agreements  will  provide 
complete safeguards against unauthorised disclosure of confidential information. 

The  Group’s  commercial  success  will  also  depend  in  part  on  avoiding  infringement  of  other  third  parties’ 
patents or proprietary rights and the breach of any licences in connection with the pursuit of its technologies. 
Management is of the opinion that it does not infringe third parties’ patents or other rights and is not aware of 
any such infringements but cannot assure that it will not be found in the future to infringe such rights. 

The  Group  has  a  limited  pipeline  of  new  technologies  and  new  indications  for  technologies  already  in 
development.  As  a  result  of  regulatory  and  competitive  uncertainties  and  the  unpredictability  of  successful 
outcomes  to  new  research  and  development,  the  Group  cannot  provide  assurance  that  it  will  be  able  to 
develop and license these new technologies. 

The  Group  currently  employs  ten  people  and  has  a  very  small  management  team.  Should  it  lose  any  key 
management  resources  and  be  unable  to  attract  replacements  of  equivalent  calibre  to  continue 
implementation  of  its  business  plan,  future  development  and  commercial  activities  could  be  materially 
adversely affected. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview continued 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 
The  Group  has  limited  liquidity  and  capital  resources  and  significant  delays  to  development  projects  could 
affect execution of its business plan in connection with the receipt of future royalties with a material adverse 
effect on the business. The Group also relies on potential license partners to meet certain commercial and 
development  milestones  and  their  failure  to  achieve  this,  or  other  delays  or  cancellation  of  projects  due  to 
internal  or  market  factors  affecting  potential  license  partners  could  affect  the  execution  of  the  Group’s 
business plan, with a material adverse effect on the business. In these circumstances the Group would look 
to raise additional potential funding through the issue of additional equity through rights issues, share placing 
and the exercise of share options but no assurance can be given regarding the successful outcome of such 
financing initiatives. 

Policy on the payment of creditors 
It is the policy of the Group to pay creditors and suppliers in accordance with their normal terms of business. 
Creditor  days  outstanding  for  the  Group  at  31  March  2009  amounted  to  28  days  compared  to  51  days  at 
31 March 2008. 

Board of Directors 
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the Group. 

The Board comprises a Non-executive Chairman, three additional independent Non-executive Directors and 
three  further  Executive  Directors.  The  Board  continues  to  be  satisfied  that  it  has  an  appropriate  mix  of 
independence and experience in its Non-executive Directors. 

The  roles  of  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  are  and  will  remain  separate  and  it  is  not  permissible  for  the 
same individual to be appointed to both roles simultaneously. 

The Chairman provides strategic and  operational  guidance and also  oversees the  duties performed by  the 
Chief Executive and ensures that they are in line with Board expectations. The Chief Executive manages the 
day-to-day  running  and  strategic  direction  of  the  Group  in  line  with  policy  decisions  agreed  with  the  Board 
and shareholder expectations. 

The Board retains full control of the Group with day-to-day operational control delegated by the Board to the 
Executive  Directors.  The  full  Board  meets  every  two  months,  and  on  any  other  occasions  it  considers 
necessary.  

The Board is responsible for approving interim and annual financial statements, formulating and monitoring 
Group  strategy  and  approving  financial  plans  and  reviewing  performance,  as  well  as  complying  with  legal, 
regulatory and corporate governance matters. There is a schedule of matters reserved for the Board. Board 
papers are circulated in advance of each Board meeting. 

The Directors of the Company during the year are shown below. 

Executive Directors 
S N Moon 
S N Morrison 
I Ford 

(appointed 1 October 2008) 

Non-executive Directors 
C D Buck 
N C Bain 
J B Diggines 
K Rietveld 

(appointed 29 August 2008) 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview continued 

Audit Committee 
The  Audit  Committee  comprises  two  Non-executive  Directors,  and  is  chaired  by  Neville  Bain  as  Senior 
Independent Non-executive Director. It meets as required and specifically to review the  Interim Report and 
Annual Report and to consider the suitability and monitor the effectiveness of the internal control processes. 
There  were  three  Audit  Committee meetings  during  the  year.  The  Audit  Committee  reviews  the  findings  of 
the external auditors and reviews accounting policies and material accounting judgements. 

The  independence  of  the  auditors  is  considered  by  the  Audit  Committee.  The  Audit  Committee  (with  no 
Executive  Director  present)  meets  at  least  once  per  calendar  year  with  the  auditors  to  discuss  their 
objectivity  and  independence,  the  Annual  Report,  any  audit  issues  arising,  internal  control  processes  and 
any  other  appropriate  matters.  As  well  as  providing  audit  related  services,  the  auditors  provide  taxation 
advice  and  undertake  work  in  relation  to  the  interim  report.  The  fees  in  respect  of  the  non-audit  services 
provided are £18,000 for the year ended 31 March 2009 (2008: £42,000). Further, the overall fees paid to the 
auditors  are  not  deemed  to  be  of  such  significance  to  them  as  to  impair  their  independence.  The  Audit 
Committee considers that the objectivity and independence of the auditors is safeguarded. 

The current terms of reference of the Audit Committee are set out in the governance pages on the Group’s 
website www.provexis.com. 

Internal control 
The Directors are responsible for establishing and maintaining the Group’s system of internal control and for 
reviewing its effectiveness. The system of internal control is designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the 
risk  of failure  to  the  achievement  of  business  objectives  and  can  only  provide  reasonable  but  not  absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss. 

The Audit Committee continues to monitor and review the effectiveness of the system of internal control and 
report to the Board when appropriate with recommendations. There have been no significant changes to the 
system of internal control throughout the year. 

The  annual  review  of  internal  control  and  financial  reporting  procedures  did  not  highlight  any  issues 
warranting the introduction of an internal audit function. It was again concluded, given the current size and 
transparency of the operations of the Group, that an internal audit function was still not required. 

The main features of the internal control system are outlined below: 

●  A  control  environment  exists  through  the  close  management  of  the  business  by  the  Executive 
Directors.  The  Group  has  a  defined  organisational  structure  with  delineated  approval  limits. 
Controls are implemented and monitored by the Executive Directors. 

●  The  Board  has  a  schedule  of  matters  expressly  reserved  for  its  consideration  and  this  schedule 
includes acquisitions and disposals, major capital projects, treasury and risk management policies 
and approval of budgets. 

●  The  Group  utilises  a  detailed  budgeting  and  forecasting  system.  Detailed  budgets  are  prepared 
annually  by  the  Executive  Directors  before  submission  to  the  Board  for  approval.  Forecasts  are 
regularly  updated  at  least  quarterly  to  reflect  changes  in  the  business  and  are  monitored  by  the 
Board including future cash flow projections. Actual results are monitored against annual budgets 
regularly and at least quarterly, with variances highlighted for the Board. 

●  Financial  risks  are  identified  and  evaluated  for  each  major  transaction  for  consideration  by 

the Board. 

●  Standard  financial  control  procedures  operate  throughout  the  Group  to  ensure  that  the  assets 

of the Group are safeguarded and that proper accounting records are maintained. 

●  A  risk  review  process  is  in  operation  whereby  the  Chief  Executive  and  Finance  Director  present 

a report to the Board each year on the key business risks. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview continued 

Going concern 
The Directors have  a reasonable  expectation that the Group  and the Company will continue in operational 
existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  For  this  reason,  they  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in 
preparing the Group’s financial statements. 

See also note 1 to the consolidated financial statements on page 26. 

Employees 
The Executive Directors keep staff informed of the progress and development of the Group regularly through 
formal and informal meetings and employee feedback is encouraged. The Company has a policy of offering 
share  options  to  all  eligible  employees,  subject  to  availability  under  the  option  plan  rules  and  with  due 
consideration to the level of dilution to shareholders. 

The Group does not discriminate between employees and prospective employees on grounds of age, race, 
religion or gender. Every effort is made to provide the same opportunities to disabled persons as to others. 

The  Board  recognises  its  obligation  towards  its  employees  to  provide  a  safe  and  healthy  working 
environment. The Group complies with health and safety legislation including conducting regular inspections 
and risk assessments. 

Environmental, social and community matters 
As a result of the size and nature of the Group’s operations, the impact of the Group’s operations on the local 
community and the environment is not considered to be significant. Recycling of office supplies is undertaken 
where possible. 

Charitable and political contributions 
No political or charitable donations were made during the year. (2008: £NIL). 

Relationship with shareholders 
The  Directors  seek  to  build  a  mutual  understanding  of  objectives  between  the  Company  and  its 
shareholders. The Group reports formally to shareholders in its interim and annual reports setting out details 
of its activities. In addition, the Group keeps shareholders informed of events and progress through the issue 
of  regulatory  news  in  accordance  with  the  AIM  rules  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange.  The  Chief  Executive 
and  Finance  Director  seek  to  meet  with  institutional  shareholders  following  interim  and  final  results. 
The Group also maintains investor relations pages and other information regarding the business, its products 
and activities on its website www.provexis.com. 

Where  possible  the  Annual  Report  is  sent  to  shareholders  at  least  20  working  days  before  the  Annual 
General Meeting. Directors are required to attend Annual General Meetings of the Company unless unable 
to  do  so  for  personal  reasons  or  due  to  pressing  commercial  commitments.  Shareholders  are  given  the 
opportunity to vote on each separate issue. The Company counts all proxy votes and will indicate the level of 
proxies lodged on each resolution, after it has been dealt with by a show of hands. 

Adequacy of information supplied to auditors 
Each  Director  has  taken  all  reasonable  steps  to  make  himself  aware  of  any  information  needed  by  the 
Company’s  auditors  for  the  purpose  of  their  audit  and  to  establish  that  the  auditors  are  aware  of  that 
information. The Directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – business overview continued 

Directors’ responsibility statement 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  keeping  proper  accounting  records  which  disclose  with  reasonable 
accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  Group,  for  safeguarding  the  assets  of  the  Company,  for 
taking  reasonable  steps  for  the  prevention  and  detection  of  fraud  and  other  irregularities  and  for  the 
preparation of a Directors’ Report which complies with the requirements of the Companies Act 1985. 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with 
the  Companies  Act  1985.  The  Directors  are  also  required  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  the  Group  in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  (“IFRS”) 
and the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on the Alternative Investment 
Market.  The  Directors  have  chosen  to  continue  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  the  Company  in 
accordance with UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. 

Financial  statements  are  published  on  the  Company’s  website  in  accordance  with  legislation  in  the  United 
Kingdom  governing  the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial  statements,  which  may  vary  from 
legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility 
of the Directors. The Directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements 
contained therein. 

Group financial statements 
International  Accounting Standard 1 requires that financial statements present fairly for each financial  year 
the Group’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This requires the faithful representation 
of the effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition 
criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the International Accounting Standards Board’s 
‘Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements’. In virtually all circumstances, a fair 
presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRSs. A fair presentation also requires the 
Directors to: 

●  consistently select and apply appropriate accounting policies; 

●  present  information,  including  accounting  policies,  in  a  manner  that  provides  relevant,  reliable, 

comparable and understandable information; and 

●  provide  additional  disclosures  when  compliance  with  the  specific  requirements  in  IFRS  is 
insufficient  to  enable  users  to  understand  the  impact  of  particular  transactions,  other  events  and 
conditions on the entity’s financial position and financial performance. 

Parent company financial statements 
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year which give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. 
In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

●  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

●  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 

that the Company will continue in business; 

●  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and 

●  state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material 

departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements. 

By order of the Board 

Ian Ford 
Secretary 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – remuneration report  

Remuneration Committee: composition and terms of reference 
The  Group’s  Remuneration  Committee  during  the  year  ended  31  March  2009  comprised  two  independent 
Non-executive Directors and was chaired by Dawson Buck.  

The purpose of the Remuneration Committee is to ensure that the Executive Directors are fairly rewarded for 
their  individual  contribution  to  the  overall  performance  of  the  Company.  The  Committee  considers  and 
recommends  to  the  Board  the  remuneration  of  the  Executive  Directors  and  is  kept  informed  of  the 
remuneration packages of senior staff and invited to comment on these. 

Policy on Executive Directors’ remuneration 
Executive  remuneration  packages  are  designed  to  attract  and  retain  executives  of  the  necessary  skill  and 
calibre to run the Company successfully but avoiding paying more than is necessary. Direct benchmarking of 
remuneration  is  not  possible  given  the  specialised  nature  and  size  of  the  Company.  The  Remuneration 
Committee  recommends  to  the  Board  remuneration  packages  by  reference  to  individual  performance  and 
uses  the  knowledge  and  experience  of  the  Non-executive  Directors  and  published  surveys  relating  to  AIM 
Directors, and market changes generally. The Remuneration Committee has responsibility for recommending 
any long term incentive schemes. 

The  full  Board  determines  whether  or  not  Executive  Directors  are  permitted  to  serve  in  roles  with  other 
companies. Such permission  is only  granted  where a role is on a strictly  limited basis,  where there are  no 
conflicts of interest or competing activities and providing there is not an adverse impact on the commitments 
required to the Group. Earnings from such roles are not disclosed nor paid to the Group. 

There are four main elements of the remuneration package for Executive Directors and senior staff: 

(i) Basic salaries and benefits in kind 
Basic  salaries  are  recommended  to  the  Board  by  the  Remuneration  Committee,  taking  into  account  the 
performance of the individual  and the rates for similar positions in comparable companies. Benefits in kind 
comprising private medical insurance are available to all senior staff and Executive Directors. 

(ii) Share option scheme 
The  Company  operates  a  share  option  scheme  which  was  established  in  June  2005  (”the  Provexis  2005 
share option scheme”) to motivate the Executive Directors and employees through equity participation in the 
Company. Options granted pursuant to the Provexis 2005 share option scheme may take the form of either 
unapproved share options or tax favoured EMI options. Exercise of options under the scheme is subject to 
specified exercise periods and compliance with the AIM rules of the London Stock Exchange. 

The  scheme  is  overseen  by  the  Remuneration  Committee  which  recommends  to  the  Board  all  grants  of 
share  options  based  on  the  Committee’s  assessment  of  personal  performance  and  specifying  the  terms 
under which eligible individuals may be invited to participate. 

In  June  2005  the  Company  undertook  a  reverse  takeover  of  Provexis  Natural  Products  Limited  (“PNP”, 
formerly Provexis Limited) through a share for share exchange. Prior to the takeover the Company and PNP 
had  granted  EMI  options  and  unapproved  options.  Options  granted  by  the  Company  prior  to  the  takeover 
remain  subject  to  the  same  terms  as  contained  in  the  individual  share  option  contracts  under  which  they 
were originally granted. The PNP EMI options and unapproved options were rolled over into options over the 
Company’s ordinary shares, and these replacement options remain subject to the same terms as contained 
in the individual PNP share option contracts under which they were originally granted. 

The Combined Code refers to the requirement for the performance-related elements of remuneration to form 
a significant proportion of the total remuneration package of Executive Directors and should be designed to 
align their interests with those of shareholders. In the development phase of the Group and during the early 
stages  of  revenue  generation,  the  Remuneration  Committee  currently  considers  that  the  best  alignment  of 
these interests is through continued use of incentives for performance through the award of share options or 
other share-based arrangements. 

(iii) Bonus scheme 
The Company has an established discretionary bonus scheme for staff. No bonuses were awarded to staff 
during the year (2008: The Chief Executive Officer was awarded a bonus of £15,000). 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – remuneration report continued 

Policy on Executive Directors’ remuneration (continued) 
(iv) Pension contributions 
The  Group  pays  a  defined  contribution  to  the  pension  scheme  of  Executive  Directors  and  employees. 
The individual pension schemes are private and their assets are held separately from those of the Group. 

Salaries  and  benefits  were  reviewed  in  April  2008  to  cover  the  year  from  1  April  2008  to  31  March  2009. 
Future  reviews  will  continue  to  be  undertaken  on  an  annual  basis  each  April  to  enable  the  Group’s 
performance over the preceding financial year and the strategy for the forthcoming year to be considered. 

Service contracts 
The  Chief  Executive  is  employed  under  a  service  contract  requiring  twelve  months’  notice  by  either  party, 
and the Chief Operating Officer and Finance Director are employed under service contracts requiring three 
months’  notice.  All  Non-executive  Directors  receive  payments  under  appointment  letters  which  are 
terminable by three months’ notice from either party. 

Policy on Non-executive Directors’ remuneration 
The Non-executive Directors and the Chairman each receive a fee for their services as a director, which is 
approved  by  the  Board,  mindful  of  the  time  commitment  and  responsibilities  of  their  roles  and  of  current 
market  rates  for  comparable  organisations  and  appointments.  Non-executive  Directors  are  reimbursed  for 
travelling and other minor expenses incurred. 

Neville  Bain,  Non-executive  Director,  received  share  options  prior  to  the  Group  joining  AIM.  However, 
to maintain  independence,  the  independent  Non-executive  Directors  do  not  participate  in  any  incentive  or 
share option arrangements. 

The emoluments of the individual Directors for the year were as follows: 

Year ended 31 March 2009 

Salary and 
directors’ fees 
£ 

Benefits 
in kind 
£ 

Pension 

Total 

£ 

£ 

£ 

Executive Directors 
S N Moon 
S N Morrison (appointed 1 October 2008) 
I Ford (appointed 19 July 2007) 
S W Slade (resigned 4 July 2007) 

Non-executive Directors 
C D Buck 
N C Bain 
J B Diggines (appointed 24 April 2007) 
K Rietveld (appointed 29 August 2008) 

153,900 
57,504 
94,740 
—  

31,458 
16,459 
15,000 
—  
369,061 

801 
682 
1,486 
—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
2,969 

7,785 
2,875 
4,827 
—  

162,486 
61,061 
101,053 
—  

—  
—  
—  
—  
15,487 

31,458 
16,459 
15,000 
—  
387,517 

175,109 
—  
69,062 
59,556 

25,000 
15,000 
14,044 
—  
357,771 

The above fees and emoluments exclude reimbursed expenditure incurred in the conduct of Group business. 

On  4  August  2008  C  D  Buck,  N  C  Bain  and  The  RisingStars  Growth  Fund,  which  is  connected  to  J  B 
Diggines, advanced bridging loans to the Company totalling £50,000. The bridging loans were repaid by the 
Company on 28 August 2008. Bridging loan inducement fees totalling £10,000 were paid to C D Buck, N C 
Bain and The RisingStars Growth Fund, see note 8 on page 35 for further details. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

17 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
Total 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – remuneration report continued 

Share re-organisation 
A share re-organisation was carried out on 28 August 2008, sub dividing  each  of  the  401,724,366  issued 
existing ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1p each in the capital of the Company into one new ordinary 
share  with  a  nominal  value  of  0.1p  and  one  Deferred  Share  with  a  nominal  value  of  0.9p.  The  aggregate 
nominal value of the Company’s authorised share capital was not affected by these changes. 

The  rights  attached  to  the  new  ordinary  shares  are  substantially  the  same  as  the  rights  attached  to  the 
original, pre placing ordinary shares. The Deferred Shares have very limited rights which are deferred to the 
new ordinary shares. Holders of the Deferred Shares will not be entitled to receive notice of, attend or vote at 
general  meetings  of  the  Company;  nor  be  entitled  to  receive  any  dividends  or  any  payment  on  a  return  of 
capital until at least £10,000,000 has been paid on each new ordinary share. The Deferred Shares effectively 
carry  no  value  as  a  result,  on  which  basis  the  Directors’  interests  in  Deferred  Shares  have  not  been 
disclosed. 

See also note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on page 44. 

Directors’ interests in shares 

S N Moon 
S N Morrison (appointed 1 October 2008) 
I Ford 
C D Buck 
N C Bain 

Ordinary shares of 
0.1 pence each 

Ordinary shares of 
1 pence each 

Beneficial interests 

31 March 2009 

1 April 2008 

7,540,000 
1,540,000 
1,540,000 
10,404,332 
5,177,000 
26,201,332 

6,000,000 
—  
—  
3,869,332 
2,097,000 
11,966,332 

Other than as shown in the table and as further disclosed above in respect of Deferred Shares, no Director 
had any interest in the shares of the Company or its subsidiary companies at 31 March 2009. 

Directors’ interests in share options 
The Board uses share options to align Directors and employees interests with those of shareholders in order 
to provide incentives and reward them based on improvements in Company performance. 

On  1  September  2008  the  Company  announced  that  further  to  an  announcement  on  1  August  2008  the 
Company's Remuneration Committee had approved the grant of options over 44,166,575 ordinary shares of 
0.1p each to certain Directors and employees of the Company. As a condition of the grant of options, certain 
Directors  surrendered  19,089,110  existing  options  and  an  additional  3,709,384  existing  options  were 
surrendered by other existing employees. 

The share options held by the Directors and not exercised at 31 March 2009 are summarised below. Neville 
Bain, Non-executive Director, received options prior to the Group joining AIM. 

At 1 April 2008 

Number of options over shares 
Options granted 
in year 

Options cancelled 
in year 

At 31 March 2009 

S N Moon 
S N Morrison 
I Ford 
N C Bain 

17,455,251 
—  
2,751,479 
330,300 
20,537,030 

21,117,620 
12,000,000 
10,000,000 
—  
43,117,620 

(17,455,251) 
—  
(2,751,479) 
—  
(20,206,730) 

21,117,620 
12,000,000 
10,000,000 
330,300 
43,447,920 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report – remuneration report continued 

Directors’ interests in share options (continued) 
The  unapproved  share  options  at  31  March  2009  of  the  Directors  who  served  during  the  year  are  set 
out below: 

Grant date 

Number 
awarded 

Exercise 
price/share 

Earliest 
exercise date 

Expiry date 

S N Moon 
N C Bain 

August 2008 
June 2004 

7,324,520  
330,300 
7,654,820 

0.900p 
1.000p 

August 2011 
June 2007 

August 2018 
June 2014 

The EMI share options at 31 March 2009 of the Directors who served during the year are set out below: 

Grant date 

Number 
awarded 

Exercise 
price/share 

Earliest 
exercise date 

Expiry date 

S N Moon 
S N Moon 
S N Morrison 
I Ford 

August 2008 
August 2008 
October 2008 
August 2008 

1,117,620 
12,675,480 
12,000,000 
10,000,000 
35,793,100 

1.000p 
0.900p 
0.900p 
0.900p 

August 2008 
August 2011 
October 2011 
August 2011 

August 2018 
August 2018 
October 2018 
August 2018 

All options were granted with an exercise price at or above market value on the date of grant. 

The Company carried out a share re-organisation on 28 August 2008, which is further detailed on page 18, 
and in note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on page 44. 

Share options which had been granted prior to 28 August 2008 over existing ordinary shares with a nominal 
value  of  1p  each  in  the  capital  of  the  Company  became  options  over  new  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal 
value of 0.1p each in the capital of the Company. The options remain subject to the same terms as contained 
in the individual option contracts under which they were originally granted. 

Share  options  issued  after  28  August  2008  are  options  over  new  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal  value  of 
0.1p each in the capital of the Company. 

Dawson Buck 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report  

To the shareholders of Provexis plc 
We  have  audited  the  Group  and  parent  company  financial  statements  (the  ''financial  statements'')  of 
Provexis plc  for  the  year  ended  31  March  2009,  which  comprise:  Consolidated  Income  Statement, 
Consolidated  Balance  Sheet,  Consolidated  Cash  Flow  Statement,  Consolidated  Statement  of  Changes  in 
Equity,  the  Parent  company  Balance  Sheet  and  the  related  Notes  to  the  Financial  Statements.  These 
financial statements have been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 
The Directors' responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report and Group financial statements in accordance 
with  applicable  law  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  adopted  by  the  European 
Union  and  for  preparing  the  parent  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  law  and 
United Kingdom accounting standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice) are set out 
in the Directors Report: Directors' responsibility statement. 

Our  responsibility  is  to  audit  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  relevant  legal  and  regulatory 
requirements and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). 

We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial statements give a true and fair view and have been 
properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  Companies  Act  1985  and  whether  the  information  given  in  the 
Directors’  Report is consistent  with those financial statements. We also report to  you  if, in our opinion, the 
Company  has  not  kept  proper  accounting  records,  if  we  have  not  received  all  the  information  and 
explanations we require for our audit, or if information specified by law regarding directors' remuneration and 
other transactions is not disclosed. 

We  read  other  information  contained  in  the  annual  report  and  consider  whether  it  is  consistent  with  the 
audited financial statements. This other information comprises only the Corporate Statement, Key Highlights, 
Chairman’s Statement, Chief Executive’s Statement and the Directors’ Report. We consider the implications 
for  our  report  if  we  become  aware  of  any  apparent  misstatements  or  material  inconsistencies  with  the 
financial statements. Our responsibilities do not extend to any other information. 

Our  report  has  been  prepared  pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Companies  Act  1985  and  for  no  other 
purpose. No person is entitled to rely on this report unless such a person is a person entitled to rely upon this 
report by virtue of and for the purpose of the Companies Act 1985 or has been expressly authorised to do so 
by  our  prior  written  consent.  Save  as  above,  we  do  not  accept  responsibility  for  this  report  to  any  other 
person or for any other purpose and we hereby expressly disclaim any and all such liability. 

Basis of audit opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by 
the  Auditing  Practices  Board.  An  audit  includes  examination,  on  a  test  basis,  of  evidence  relevant  to  the 
amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  It  also  includes  an  assessment  of  the  significant 
estimates  and  judgements  made  by  the  Directors  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements,  and  of 
whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group's and Company’s circumstances, consistently 
applied and adequately disclosed. 

We  planned  and  performed  our  audit  so  as  to  obtain  all  the  information  and  explanations  which  we 
considered necessary in order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the 
financial  statements  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  caused  by  fraud  or  other  irregularity  or 
error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the 
financial statements. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report continued 

Opinion 
In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the  Group  financial  statements  give  a  true  and  fair  view,  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European  Union,  of  the  state  of  the  Group's  affairs  as  at  31  March  2009  and  of  its  loss  for  the  year 
then ended; 

the parent company financial statements give a true  and fair view,  in accordance with United  Kingdom 
Generally  Accepted  Accounting  Practice,  of  the  state  of  the  parent  company's  affairs  as  at 
31 March 2009; 

the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985; and 

the information given in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the financial statements. 

BDO STOY HAYWARD LLP 
Chartered Accountants 
and Registered Auditors 
Reading 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement 

Year ended 31 March 2009 

Year 
ended 
31 March 
2008 

Before 
impairment 
of goodwill 

Impairment 
of goodwill 

Total 

Note 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1,3 
4 

13 
5 
8 
8 

9 

5,400 
20,000 
(634,611) 
(967,111) 
(1,576,322) 
65,161 
(10,017) 
(1,521,178) 
50,000 

— 
— 
— 
(3,099,328) 
(3,099,328) 
— 
— 
(3,099,328) 
— 

5,400 
20,000 
(634,611) 
(4,066,439) 
(4,675,650) 
65,161 
(10,017) 
(4,620,506) 
50,000 

161,702 
133,649 
(517,243) 
(986,073) 
(1,207,965) 
57,587 
(1,280) 
(1,151,658) 
134,371 

(1,471,178) 

(3,099,328) 

(4,570,506) 

(1,017,287) 

10 

— 
(1,471,178) 

— 
(3,099,328) 

— 
(4,570,506) 

(145,397) 
(1,162,684) 

20 

(1,471,178) 
— 
(1,471,178) 

(3,099,328) 
— 
(3,099,328) 

(4,570,506) 
— 
(4,570,506) 

(1,189,117) 
26,433 
(1,162,684) 

Revenue 
Grant income 
Research and development costs 
Administrative costs 
Loss from operations 
Finance income 
Finance costs 
Loss before tax 
Taxation 
Loss for the year 
from continuing operations 
Discontinued operation 
Loss for the year 
from discontinued operation 
Loss for the year 

Attributable to: 
Equity holders of the parent 
Minority interest 

Loss per share from continuing and 
discontinued operations to equity 
holders of the parent 
Basic and diluted – pence 

Loss per share from continuing 
operations to equity holders of the 
parent 
Basic and diluted – pence 

11 

11 

0.71 

0.30 

0.71 

0.26 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated balance sheet 

Non-current assets 
Goodwill 
Other intangible assets 
Plant and equipment 
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Income tax asset 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total liabilities 

Total net assets 

Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the 
parent company 
Share capital 
Share premium reserve 
Merger reserve 
Retained earnings 
Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent 
Minority interests 
Total equity 

Notes 

12,13 
12 
14 

15 
9 
16 

17 

18 
20 
20 
20 

As at  
31 March 
2009 
£ 

3,802,685 
37,287 
66,941 
3,906,913 

76,942 
103,651 
1,678,263 
1,858,856 

As at  
31 March 
2008 
£ 

6,902,013 
20,597 
74,094 
6,996,704 

280,100 
136,774 
532,581 
949,455 

(233,973) 
(233,973) 

(361,496) 
(361,496) 

5,531,796 

7,584,663 

4,434,907 
7,979,558 
6,273,909 
(13,156,578) 
5,531,796 
— 
5,531,796 

4,017,244 
5,992,212 
6,273,909 
(8,698,702) 
7,584,663 
— 
7,584,663 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  were  approved  and  authorised  for  issue  by  the  Board  on  8  June 
2009. The notes on pages 26 to 49 form part of these consolidated financial statements. 

Stephen Moon  
Director  

Ian Ford 
Director 

On behalf of the Board of Provexis plc 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated cash flow statement 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss after tax and discontinued operations 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Impairment of goodwill 
Net finance income 
Taxation 
Share-based payment charge 
Operating cash outflow before changes in working capital 

Decrease in inventories 
Decrease in trade and other receivables 
Decrease in trade and other payables 
Cash used in operations 

Tax credits received 
Net cash outflow from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of plant and equipment 
Purchase of intangible assets 
Interest received 
Cash generated by / (used in) investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of share capital – share placing 
Expenses paid on share issue 
Proceeds from exercise of share options 
Repayment of borrowings 
Interest paid 
Cash generated by financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Year ended 
31 March  
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March  
2008 
£ 

(4,570,506) 

(1,162,684) 

20,917 
3,099,328 
(55,144) 
(50,000) 
112,630 
(1,442,775) 

— 
147,435 
(127,523) 
(1,422,863) 

15,229 
— 
(56,307) 
(134,371) 
31,583 
(1,306,550) 

38,466 
159,759 
(377,479) 
(1,485,804) 

83,123 
(1,339,740) 

— 
(1,485,804) 

(13,764) 
(16,690) 
61,770 
31,316 

2,714,812 
(250,689) 
— 
— 
(10,017) 
2,454,106 

1,145,682 
532,581 
1,678,263 

(76,716) 
(20,597) 
57,587 
(39,726) 

2,149,750 
(188,283) 
82,100 
(100,000) 
(1,280) 
1,942,287 

416,757 
115,824 
532,581 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Total equity  

attributable  

to equity  

Share  

Share  

Merger  

Retained  

holders of  

Minority  

capital  

premium  

reserve  

earnings  

the parent  

interests  

£  

£  

£  

£  

£  

£  

Total  

Equity 

£  

At 1 April 2007 

2,510,386  

5,391,867  

6,273,909  

(7,541,168) 

6,634,994  

(26,433) 

6,608,561  

Share-based charges 

— 

— 

— 

31,583  

31,583  

— 

31,583  

Issue of shares – placing  
12 April 2007 

1,433,166  

528,301  

Issue of shares – exercise  
of share options 

73,692  

72,044  

— 

— 

— 

1,961,467  

— 

1,961,467  

— 

145,736  

— 

145,736  

Loss for the year 

— 

— 

— 

(1,189,117) 

(1,189,117) 

26,433  

(1,162,684) 

At 31 March 2008 

4,017,244  

5,992,212  

6,273,909  

(8,698,702) 

7,584,663  

— 

7,584,663  

Share-based charges 

— 

— 

— 

112,630 

112,630 

— 

112,630 

Issue of shares – placing  
28 August 2008 

386,894 

1,883,229 

Issue of shares – placing  
2 October 2008 

30,769 

163,231 

Reduction of premium 
on share issue 

— 

(59,114) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,270,123 

— 

2,270,123 

— 

— 

194,000 

— 

194,000 

(59,114) 

— 

(59,114) 

Loss for the year 

— 

— 

— 

(4,570,506) 

(4,570,506) 

— 

(4,570,506) 

At 31 March 2009 

4,434,907 

7,979,558 

6,273,909  

(13,156,578) 

5,531,796 

— 

5,531,796 

The loss for the year represents the total recognised income and expense for the year. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

1. Accounting policies 
General information 
Provexis  plc  is  a  public  limited  company  incorporated  and  domiciled  in  Great  Britain  under  the 
Companies Act 1985 (registration number 5102907). The address of the registered office is Thames Court, 
1 Victoria Street, Windsor, Berkshire SL4 1YB, UK. 

As described in the Directors’ Report, the main activities of the Group are those of discovering, developing 
and  licensing  scientifically-proven  technologies  for  the  global  functional  food,  medical  food  and  dietary 
supplement sectors. 

Basis of preparation 
The  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the EU. 

The  Company  has  elected  to  prepare  its  parent  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (“UK GAAP”), and these are set out on pages 50 to 55. 

The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  to  all  periods  presented  in  these  Group  financial 
statements and are in accordance with IFRS, as adopted by the European Union, and International Financial 
Reporting  Interpretations  Committee  (“IFRIC”)  interpretations  that  were  applicable  for  the  year  ended 
31 March 2009.  

The  following  new  standards,  amendments  to  standards  and  interpretations  have  been  issued  but  are  not 
effective  for  the  year  ending  31  March  2009.  The  new  standards,  amendments  to  standards  and 
interpretations will be relevant to the Group but have not been adopted early as the Directors do not expect 
these standards and interpretations to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements: 

•  Amendment  to  IAS  1  ‘Presentation  of  Financial  Statements’  effective  for  accounting  periods  beginning 

on or after 1 January 2009; 
IAS 27 (Amendment) ‘Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements’ effective 1 July 2009. 

• 
•  Amendment  to  IFRS  2  ‘Share-based  Payments:  Vesting  Conditions  and  Cancellations’  effective  for 

accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009; 
IFRS 3 (Revised) ‘Business Combinations’ effective 1 July 2009. 
‘Improvements to IFRSs (2009)’ effective 1 January 2009 and 1 January 2010. 

• 
• 

There  are  a  number  of standards,  interpretations  and  amendments  to  published  accounts  not  listed  above 
which the Directors consider not to be relevant to the Group.” 

The Group has made estimates under IFRS as at 1 April 2006, the date of transition, which are consistent 
with those estimates made at the same date under UK GAAP and there is no objective evidence that those 
estimates were in error. 

Going concern 
The Group’s business activities together with the factors likely to affect its future development are set out in 
the  Business  Review  on  pages  10  to  15.  The  financial  position  of  the  Group,  its  cash  flows  and  liquidity 
position are set out in the Financial Review on pages 8 and 9. In addition note 2 to the financial statements 
includes  the  Group’s  objectives,  policies  and  processes  for  managing  its  capital;  its  financial  risk 
management objectives; details of its financial instruments and its exposure to credit and liquidity risk. 

The Group made a loss for the  year  of £4,570,506  (2008:  £1,162,684)  and expects to make a further loss 
during  the  year  ending  31  March  2010.  The  loss  for  the  year  included  a  £3,099,328  non-cash  goodwill 
impairment  charge  (2008:  £NIL),  and  the  adjusted  loss  net  of  the  goodwill  charge  was  £1,471,178  (2008: 
£1,162,684). At 31 March 2009 the Company had cash balances of £1,678,263. 

The directors have prepared projected cash flow information for a period including twelve months from the 
date  of  approval  of  these  financial  statements  and  have  reviewed  this  information  as  at  the  date  these 
financial  statements.  The  projections  show  that  at  current  levels  of  cash  utilisation  and  without  any  cash 
inflows being generated the directors estimate they would not need to secure any additional funding until July 
2010. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

1. Accounting policies (continued) 
Going concern (continued) 
The projected cash flow information prepared by the directors includes various scenarios for the Company’s 
future  cash  flows  which  have  been  considered  by  the  Directors.  The  Directors  are  currently  in  discussions 
with various potential customers and investors and are confident, based on the results of those discussions 
to  date,  that  they  will  be  able  to  generate  the  income,  or  secure  the  additional  funding  and  cash  inflows 
necessary, to enable the Group to meet its projections, such that the Group will be able to continue to trade 
for  the  foreseeable  future.  The  Directors  have  also  identified  a  number  of  steps  that  could  be  taken  to 
improve the working capital situation, should further cash inflows not be available in the timeframe required. 

As a result of the above, the directors consider it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on the going 
concern basis. 

Basis of consolidation 
Subsidiaries  are  all  entities  (including  special  purpose  entities)  over  which  the  Group  has  the  power  to 
govern the financial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of 
the  voting  rights.  The  existence  and  effect  of  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  or 
convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. Subsidiaries are fully 
consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the 
date that control ceases. 

The  consolidated  financial  information  presents  the  results  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries, 
Provexis Nutrition Limited, Provexis Natural Products Limited and Provexis (IBD) Limited as if they formed a 
single  entity  ("the  Group").  All  subsidiaries  share  the  same  reporting  date,  31  March,  as  Provexis  plc  Intra 
Group balances are eliminated in preparing the financial statements. 

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group. The 
cost  of  an  acquisition  is  measured  as  the  fair  value  of  the  assets  given,  equity  instruments  issued  and 
liabilities  incurred  or  assumed  at  the  date  of  exchange,  plus  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition. 
Identifiable  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are 
measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. 
The excess of the cost of acquisition over  the fair value of the Group’s share of the  identifiable net  assets 
acquired is recorded as goodwill. 

Revenue 
Revenue  comprises  the  fair  value  received  or  receivable  for  exclusivity  arrangements,  collaboration 
agreements, royalties and sales of the Group’s Fruitflow® product net of value added tax. 

The accounting policies for the principal revenue streams of the Group are as follows: 

(i) Exclusivity arrangements and similar agreements are recognised as revenue in the accounting period in 
which  the  related  services,  or  required  activities,  are  performed  or  specified  conditions  are  fulfilled  in 
accordance with the terms of completion of the specific transaction. 

(ii) Royalty income relating to the sale by a licensee of licensed product is recognised on an accruals basis in 
accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement and based on the receipt from the licensee of the 
relevant information to enable calculation of the royalty due. 

(iii)  Sales  of the Group’s Fruitflow® product  are recorded  net of value added tax  when the significant risks 
and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer. 

Leased assets 
Leases,  which  contain  terms  whereby  the  Group  does  not  assume  substantially  all  the  risks  and  rewards 
incidental  to  ownership  of  the  leased  item  are  classified  as  operating  leases.  Operating  lease  rentals  are 
charged to the income statement on a straight line basis over the lease term. The Group does not hold any 
assets under finance leases. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

1. Accounting policies (continued) 
Intangible assets 
Goodwill 
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the 
identifiable  net  assets  acquired.  Goodwill  on  acquisition  of  subsidiaries  is  included  in  ‘intangible  assets’. 
Separately  recognised  goodwill  is  tested  annually  for  impairment  and  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated 
impairment losses. 

An  impairment  loss  is  recognised  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  exceeds  its 
recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and 
value  in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are  grouped at the lowest levels for which 
there are separately identifiable cash flows. 

Impairment  losses  on  goodwill  are  not  reversed.  Gains  and  losses  on  the  disposal  of  an  entity  include  the 
carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold. 

Research and development 
Certain  Group  products  are  in  the  research  phase  and  others  are  in  the  development  phase.  Expenditure 
incurred on the development of internally generated products is capitalised if it can be demonstrated that: 

● 
● 
● 
● 
● 
● 

It is technically feasible to develop the product for it to be sold; 
Adequate resources are available to complete the development; 
There is an intention to complete and sell the product; 
The Group is able to sell the product; 
Sale of the product will generate future economic benefits; and 
Expenditure on the project can be measured reliably. 

The  value  of  the  capitalised  development  cost  is  assessed  for  impairment  annually.  The  value  is  written 
down  immediately  if  impairment  has  occurred.  Development  costs  are  not  being  amortised  as  income  has 
not yet been realised from the underlying technology.  

Development  expenditure,  not  satisfying  the  above  criteria,  and  expenditure  on  the  research  phase  of 
internal projects is recognised in the income statement as incurred. 

Patents and trademarks 
The costs incurred in establishing patents and trademarks are either expensed or capitalised in accordance 
with the corresponding treatment of the development expenditure for the product to which they relate. 

Plant and equipment 
Plant  and  machinery,  fixtures,  fittings  and  computer  equipment  and  laboratory  equipment  are  stated  at 
historical  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated  impairment  losses.  Historical  cost 
includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Depreciation is charged to the 
income  statement  on  all  plant  and  equipment  at  rates  calculated  to  write  off  the  cost  or  valuation,  less 
estimated  residual  value,  of  each  asset  on  a  straight  line  basis  over  their  estimated  useful  lives,  which  is 
for 
3 years 
laboratory equipment. 

fittings  and  computer  equipment  and  5  years 

for  plant  and  machinery, 

fixtures, 

The  assets’  residual  values  and  useful  lives  are  determined  by  the  Directors  and  reviewed  and  adjusted  if 
appropriate at each balance sheet date in accordance with the Group policy for impairment of assets. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

1. Accounting policies (continued) 
Impairment of assets 
Assets that have a finite useful life but that are not yet in use and are therefore not subject to amortisation or 
depreciation  are  tested  annually  for  impairment.  Assets  that  are  subject  to  amortisation  are  reviewed  for 
impairment  annually  and  when  events  or  circumstances  suggest  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be 
recoverable, an impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds 
its recoverable amount. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of 
the asset is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income 
statement, unless the relevant  asset is carried at  a revalued amount, in  which case the  impairment loss  is 
treated as a revaluation decrease. 

Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  is  increased  to  the 
revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the 
carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in 
prior periods. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement, unless the 
relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as 
a revaluation increase. 

Inventories 
Inventories are materials and supplies to be consumed in the course of research and development and are 
stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes materials, related contract manufacturing 
costs  and  other  direct  costs.  Cost  is  calculated  using  the  first-in  first-out  method.  Net  realisable  value  is 
based  on  estimated  selling  price,  less  further  costs  expected  to  be  incurred  to  completion  and  disposal. 
Provision is made for obsolete, slow-moving or defective items where appropriate.  

Discontinued operation 
The results of operations discontinued during the year are included in the consolidated income statement up 
to the date of disposal. A discontinued operation is a component of the Group's business that represents a 
separate major line of business or geographical area of operations or its subsidiary acquired exclusively with 
a view to resale, that has been disposed of, has been abandoned or that meets the criteria to be classified as 
held for sale. 

Discontinued  operations  are  presented  on  the  income  statement  (including  the  comparative  period)  as  a 
single  line  which  comprises  the  post  tax  profit  or  loss  of  the  discontinued  operation  and  the  gain  or  loss 
recognised  on  the  re-measurement  to  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  or  on  disposal  of  the  assets/disposal 
Groups constituting discontinued operations. 

Financial instruments 
Financial assets 
The Group’s financial assets are comprised of ‘trade and other receivables’ and ‘cash and cash equivalents’. 
They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently at amortised cost. The Group will assess at 
each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that the financial asset is impaired. If an asset 
is judged to be impaired the carrying amount of the asset will be adjusted to its impaired valuation. 

Financial liabilities 
The Group’s financial liabilities comprise ‘trade and other payables’ and ‘borrowings’. These are recognised 
initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand. 

Government grants 
Government grants are recognised  when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and 
the  Group  will  comply  with  all  attached  conditions.  Government  grants  are  recognised  in  the  income 
statement in the same period to which the costs that they are intended to compensate are expensed. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

1. Accounting policies (continued) 
Taxation 
Current tax is provided at amounts expected to be recovered or to be paid using the tax rates and tax laws 
that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  When  research  and 
development  tax  credits  are  claimed  they  are  recognised  on  an  accruals  basis  and  are  included  as  a 
taxation credit. 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised  where  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  liability  on  the 
balance sheet differs from its tax base, except for differences arising on: 

•  The initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business combination and at 

the time of the transaction affects neither accounting or taxable profit; and 

• 

Investments in subsidiaries where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the difference 
and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profits will 
be available against which the difference can be utilised. 

The  amount  of  the  asset  or  liability  is  determined  using  tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted  or  substantively 
enacted by the  balance sheet  date and are expected to apply  when the  deferred tax  liabilities/(assets) are 
settled/(recovered). Deferred tax balances are not discounted. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset current 
tax  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  relate  to  taxes  levied  by  the  same  tax 
authority on either: 

•  The same taxable Group Company; or 

•  Different Group entities which intend to settle current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis, or to realise 
the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, on each future period in which significant amounts of 
deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered. 

Foreign currency translation 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing 
at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the  settlement  of  such 
transactions  and  from  the  translation  at  period  end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. 

Employee benefits 
(i) Defined contribution plans 
The  Group  provides  retirement  benefits  to  all  employees  and  Executive  Directors.  The  assets  of  these 
schemes  are  held  separately  from  those  of  the  Group  in  independently  administered  funds.  Contributions 
made by the Group are charged to the income statement in the period in which they become payable. 

(ii) Accrued holiday pay 
Provision has been made at the balance sheet date for holidays accrued but not taken at the salary of the 
relevant employee at that date. 

(iii) Share-based payment transactions 
The Group operates an equity-settled, share-based compensation plan. Where share options are awarded to 
employees and others providing similar services, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged 
to  the  income  statement  over  the  vesting  period.  Non-market  vesting  conditions  are  taken  into  account  by 
adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, 
the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually 
vest.  Market  vesting  conditions  are  factored  into  the  fair  value  of  the  options  when  granted.  As  long  as  all 
other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions 
are satisfied. The cumulative charge is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. If the 
terms  and  conditions  of  options  are  modified  before  they  vest,  the  change  in  the  fair  value  of  the  options, 
measured immediately before and  after the modification, is also charged to the  income statement over the 
remaining vesting period. Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees and others  

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

1. Accounting policies (continued) 
Employee benefits (continued) 
(iii) Share-based payment transactions (continued) 
providing  similar  services, 
services received. 

the 

income  statement 

is  charged  with 

the 

fair  value  of  goods  and 

The  proceeds  received  when  options  are  exercised,  net  of  any  directly  attributable  transaction  costs,  are 
credited to share capital (nominal value) and the remaining balance to share premium. 

National insurance on share options 
All  employee  option  holders  sign  statements  that  they  will  be  liable  for  any  employers  national  insurance 
arising on the exercise of share options. 

Interest income 
Interest income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using the effective interest rate method. 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the 
financial  statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  period. 
Estimates  and  judgements  are  continually  made  and  are  based  on  historic  experience  and  other  factors, 
including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable in the circumstances. 

As  the  use  of  estimates  is  inherent  in  financial  reporting,  actual  results  could  differ  from  these  estimates. 
The Directors believe the following to be the key areas of estimation and judgement: 

(i) Research and development 
Under  IAS  38  Intangible  Assets,  development  expenditure  which  meets  the  recognition  criteria  of  the 
standard must be capitalised and amortised over the useful economic lives of intangible assets from product 
launch. The Directors consider that the criteria to capitalise development expenditure were met  in 2007 for 
one of the Group’s products. 

(ii) Share-based payments 
The  Group  operates  an  equity-settled,  share-based  compensation  plan.  Employee  and  similar  services 
received, and the corresponding increase in equity, are measured by reference to the fair value of the equity 
instruments at the date of grant, which is based upon certain assumptions over the future performance of the 
share price. 

(iii) Discontinued operation 
The discontinued operation referred to in the accounts is the Sirco® juice drink which ceased production in 
July  2007.  There  were  no  stock  or  other  write  offs  associated  with  the  cessation  of  Sirco®.  All  costs  and 
income relating to the Sirco® business have been recognised as discontinued in the financial statements. 

(iv) Goodwill and impairment 
The  recoverable  amount  of  goodwill  is  determined  based  on  value  in  use  calculations,  and  the  Group’s 
activities are treated as a single cash-generating unit. The value in use calculations have used post-tax cash 
flow  projections  for  ten  years  using  data  from  the  Group’s  latest  internal  forecasts.  The  forecasts  are 
extrapolated beyond ten years at growth rates of between 2% and 7% (2008: 2%). The results of the value in 
use calculations are reviewed by the Board. 

The  key  assumptions  for  the  value  in  use  calculations  are  those  regarding  discount  rates,  revenue 
commencement  dates,  growth  rates  and  expected  changes  in  margins  and  costs.  Management  estimate 
discount rates using post-tax rates that reflect the current market assessment of the time value of money and 
the risks specific to the cash-generating unit. Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past 
experience and expectations of future changes in the market. 

Post-tax cash flow projections are  discounted to calculate  value in use  using a  post-tax discount rate. The 
post-tax  discount  rate  is  based  on  a  number  of  factors  including  the  risk-free  rate  in  the  UK,  the  Group's 
estimated  market  risk  premium,  and  a  premium  to  reflect  the  inherent  risk  of  the  forecast  income  streams 
included  in  the  Group’s  cash  flow  projections,  which  remain  subject  to  contracts  being  agreed  with 
prospective customers. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

2. Financial risk management 
2.1 Financial risk factors 
The Group’s activities inevitably expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, 
cash flow interest rate risk and fair value interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. 

It  is  Group  policy  not  to  enter  into  speculative  positions  using  complex  financial  instruments.  The  Group’s 
primary treasury objective is to minimise exposure to potential capital losses whilst at the same time securing 
favourable market rates of interest on Group cash deposits using money market deposits with banks. Cash 
balances used to settle the liabilities from operating activities are also maintained in current accounts which 
earn interest at variable rates. 

(a) Market risk  
Foreign exchange risk 
The  Group  primarily  enters  into  contracts  which  are  to  be  settled  in  UK  pounds.  However,  some  contracts 
involve  other  major  world  currencies  including  the  US  Dollar  and  the  Euro. Where  large  contracts  of  more 
than  £50,000  total  value  are  to  be  settled  in  foreign  currencies  consideration  is  given  to  converting  the 
appropriate  amounts  to  or  from  UK  pounds  at  the  outset  of  the  contract  to  minimise  the  risk  of  adverse 
currency fluctuations. 

At 31 March 2009 the Group had trade payables denominated in Euros of £843 (2008: £20,338), translated 
at the year end rate of £1 : 1.0811 Euros (2008: £1 : 1.2566 Euros). If the Euro exchange rate at 31 March 
2009 had weakened / strengthened against the UK pound by 5% the post-tax loss for the year would have 
been £40 lower / £44 higher. 

Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk 
The  Group’s  interest  rate  risk  arises  from  medium  term  and  short  term  money  market  deposits.  Deposits 
which earn variable rates of interest expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. Deposits at fixed rates 
expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. 

The Group analyses its interest rate exposure on a dynamic basis throughout the year.  

(b) Credit risk 
Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and financial institutions as well 
as  credit  exposure  in  relation  to  outstanding  receivables.  Group  policy  is  to  place  deposits  with  institutions 
with investment grade A2 or better (Moody’s credit rating) and deposits are made in sterling only. The Group 
does  not  expect  any  losses  from  non-performance  by  these  institutions.  Management  believes  that  the 
carrying  value  of  outstanding  receivables  and  deposits  with  banks  represents  the  Group’s  maximum 
exposure to credit risk. 

(c) Liquidity risk 
Liquidity  risk  arises  from  the  Group’s  management  of  working  capital,  it  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will 
encounter  difficulty  in  meeting  its  financial  obligations  as  they  fall  due.  Prudent  liquidity  risk  management 
implies maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and management monitors rolling forecasts of the 
Group’s liquidity on the basis of expected cash flow. 

The  Group  had  trade  and  other  payables  at  the  balance  sheet  date  of  £233,973  (2008:  £361,496)  as 
disclosed in note 17 on page 43. 

2.2 Capital risk management 
The Group remains funded primarily by equity capital which reflects the development status of its products. 
The Group’s objectives  when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue  as a  going 
concern in order to provide returns for equity holders of the Company and benefits for other stakeholders and 
to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. 

2.3 Fair value estimation 
The Group uses amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method, to determine subsequent fair value 
after initial recognition, for its financial instruments. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

3. Segmental reporting 
Revenue, net assets and results are wholly attributable to the principal activity of the Group and arise solely 
within the United Kingdom, therefore no segmental analysis has been reported. 

4. Grant income 

NWDA R&D grant income recognised in income statement 

5. Operating loss 

Operating loss is stated after charging: 

Impairment of goodwill 
Depreciation of plant and equipment 
Operating lease costs – land and buildings 

Year ended 
31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

20,000 
20,000 

133,649 
133,649 

Year ended 
31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

3,099,328 
20,917 
98,709 

— 
15,229 
60,174 

The total fees of the Group’s auditor, BDO Stoy Hayward LLP, for services provided are analysed below: 

Audit services 
Parent company 
Subsidiaries 
Tax services – compliance 
Parent company 
Subsidiaries 
Other services 
Parent company – share option scheme advice 
Subsidiary – NWDA grant 

Total fees 

Year ended 
31 March  
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

12,600 
29,400 

3,600 
8,400 

6,000 
— 

60,000 

19,245 
34,214 

8,990 
20,010 

10,000 
3,000 

95,459 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

6. Wages and salaries 
The average monthly number of persons (including all Directors) employed by the Group during the year was 
as follows: 

Administrative staff 
Research and development staff 
Directors 

Their aggregate emoluments were: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other pension and insurance benefits costs 
Total cash settled emoluments 
Accrued holiday pay 
Share-based payment remuneration charge: equity settled 
Total emoluments 

7. Directors’ emoluments 

Directors 
Aggregate emoluments 

Company pension contributions 

 Year ended 
 31 March  
2009 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 

1 
7 
6 
14 

3 
5 
5 
13 

 Year ended 
 31 March  
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

688,713 
65,919 
38,640 
793,272 
15,078 
112,630 
920,980 

701,364 
64,955 
31,239 
797,558 
11,243 
31,583 
840,384 

 Year ended 
 31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

372,030 

345,792 

15,487 

11,979 

Emoluments disclosed above include the following amounts in respect of the highest paid Director: 

Aggregate emoluments 

Company pension contributions 

 Year ended 
 31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

154,701 

167,609 

7,785 

7,500 

During the year, three Directors (2008: three Directors) participated in defined contribution pension schemes. 

Directors’ emoluments include amounts attributable to benefits in kind comprising private medical insurance 
on which the directors are assessed for tax purposes. The amounts attributable to benefits in kind are stated 
at cost to the Group, which is also the tax value of the attributable benefits. 

Further details of Directors’ emoluments are included in the Remuneration report on pages 16 to 19. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

8. Finance income and costs 

Bank interest receivable 
Finance costs payable 

 Year ended 
 31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

65,161 
(10,017) 
55,144 

57,587 
(1,280) 
56,307 

Finance costs payable include a £10,000 inducement fee for the advancement of bridging loans which were 
provided to the Company on 4 August 2008, and repaid by the Company on 28 August 2008 as follows: 

RisingStars Growth Fund (RSGF) 
C D Buck 
N C Bain 

Bridging loans 
Advanced 4 August 2008 
Repaid 28 August 2008 

Amount 
of loan 
£ 
25,000 
15,000 
10,000 
50,000 

Inducement 
fee payable 
£ 
5,000 
3,000 
2,000 
10,000 

The  loans  were  effected  by  the  issue  by  the  Company  to  the  Lenders  of  loan  notes.  The  loan  notes  were 
unsecured and were not transferable by the relevant holders. 

The Company was obliged to pay interest on the principal sum for the period until it was repaid at the rate of 
20  per  cent  per  annum,  but  the  loan  note  holders  waived  their  entitlement  to  interest  when  the  loan  notes 
were repaid, on 28 August 2008. 

The RisingStars Growth Fund is managed by Enterprise Ventures Limited. The Chief Executive of Enterprise 
Ventures Limited is J B Diggines, a Non-executive Director of the Company. C D Buck and N C Bain are also 
Non-executive Directors of the Company. 

9. Taxation 

Continuing operations 

Current tax income 
United Kingdom corporation tax research and development credit 
Adjustment in respect of prior period 
United Kingdom corporation tax research and development credit 

Taxation credit 

Year ended 
31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

61,844 

(11,844) 

53,651 

80,720 

50,000 

134,371 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

9. Taxation (continued) 
The tax assessed for the year is different from the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The differences 
are explained below: 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax 

Loss on ordinary activities before tax multiplied by the 
standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 28% (2008: 30%) 
Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Difference between depreciation and capital allowances 
Other short-term timing differences 
Unutilised tax losses and other deductions arising in the year 
Tax deduction for share options exercised 
Additional deduction for R&D expenditure 
Surrender of tax losses for R&D tax credit refund 
Adjustments in respect of prior years 
Total tax credit for the year 

Year ended 
31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

4,620,506 

1,151,658 

1,293,742 

345,497 

(892,032) 
(1,785) 
(27,444) 
(302,556) 
— 
51,221 
(59,302) 
(11,844) 
50,000 

(14,011) 
(4,546) 
40,340 
(331,359) 
26,925 
30,290 
(39,485) 
80,720 
134,371 

At  31  March  2009  the  Group  UK  tax  losses  to  be  carried  forward  are  estimated  to  be  £11,307,528 
(2008: £9,681,617). 

Deferred tax 
Deferred tax assets amounting to £3,217,536 (2008: £2,791,237) have not been recognised on the basis that 
their  future  economic  benefit  is  not  certain.  Assuming  a  prevailing  tax  rate  of  28%  when  the  timing 
differences reverse, the unrecognised deferred tax asset comprises: 

Depreciation in excess of capital allowances 
Other short term timing differences 
Unutilised tax losses 
Share-based payments 

Income tax asset receivable within one year 

Corporation tax recoverable 

 Year ended 
 31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

11,049 
— 
3,166,108 
40,379 
3,217,536 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

103,651 
103,651 

9,264 
59,995 
2,710,853 
11,125 
2,791,237 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

136,774 
136,774 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

10. Discontinued operation 
On 2 July 2007 the Group announced that it had undertaken a strategic review of its Sirco® juice brand and 
that in order to facilitate the negotiation of exclusive rights for potential license partners had decided to cease 
its production. 

The table below shows the results of the Sirco® juice drink that are included in the results of the Group for 
the year and the prior year and included within the discontinued operation. 

Income statement 
Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Administrative expenses 
Loss for the year from discontinued operation 

Cash flow statement 
Net cash flows from operating activities 

Year ended 
31 March 
2009 
£ 

Year ended 
31 March 
2008 
£ 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 

113,903 
(121,179) 
(138,121) 
(145,397) 

(145,397) 
(145,397) 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

11. Loss per share 
Basic and diluted loss per share amounts are calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity holders of 
the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. 

There are 65,954,117 share options in issue (2008: 34,473,376) that are all currently anti-dilutive and have 
therefore been excluded from the calculations of the diluted loss per share. 

Basic and diluted loss per share amounts are in respect of all activities. Adjusted basic and diluted loss per 
share amounts exclude goodwill impairment. 

Loss – £ 
Continuing operations 
Discontinued operation 

Year ended  
31 March 
2009  

Year ended  
31 March 
2008  

4,570,506 
— 
4,570,506 

1,043,720  
145,397  
1,189,117  

Weighted average number of shares 

644,794,819 

395,384,662  

Basic and diluted loss per share – pence 
Continuing operations 
Discontinued operation 
Total 

Loss for the year attributable to equity holders – £ 
Continuing operations 
Discontinued operation 

Adjustment 
Impairment of goodwill (note 13) 
Adjusted loss for the year attributable to equity holders – £ 

Adjusted basic and diluted loss per share – pence 
Continuing operations 
Discontinued operation 
Total 

0.71 
— 
0.71 

0.26  
0.04  
0.30  

4,570,506 
— 
4,570,506 

(3,099,328) 
1,471,178 

0.23 
— 
0.23 

1,043,720  
145,397  
1,189,117  

— 
1,189,117  

0.26  
0.04  
0.30 

Share re-organisation 
A share re-organisation was carried out on 28 August 2008, sub dividing  each  of  the  401,724,366  issued 
existing ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1p each in the capital of the Company into one new ordinary 
share  with  a  nominal  value  of  0.1p  and  one  Deferred  Share  with  a  nominal  value  of  0.9p.  The  aggregate 
nominal value of the Company’s authorised share capital was not affected by these changes. 

The  rights  attached  to  the  new  ordinary  shares  are  substantially  the  same  as  the  rights  attached  to  the 
original, pre placing ordinary shares. The Deferred Shares have very limited rights which are deferred to the 
new ordinary shares. Holders of the Deferred Shares will not be entitled to receive notice of, attend or vote at 
general  meetings  of  the  Company;  nor  be  entitled  to  receive  any  dividends  or  any  payment  on  a  return  of 
capital until at least £10,000,000 has been paid on each new ordinary share. The Deferred Shares effectively 
carry no value as a result, and they do not form part of the loss per share calculations. 

The  weighted  average  number  of  shares  used  for  the  loss  per  share  calculations  represents  the  existing 
ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1p each in the capital of the Company for the period up to 28 August 
2008, and the new ordinary shares with a nominal value of 0.1p each in the capital of the Company for the 
period thereafter. See also note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on page 44. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

12. Intangible assets 

Cost 
At 1 April 2008 
Additions  
At 31 March 2009 

Amortisation and impairment 
At 1 April 2008 
Impairment of goodwill charge 
At 31 March 2009 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2009 
At 31 March 2008 

Cost 
At 1 April 2007 
Additions  
At 31 March 2008 

Goodwill 

£ 

Development 
costs 
£ 

7,265,277 
— 
7,265,277 

363,264 
3,099,328 
3,462,592 

20,597 
16,690 
37,287 

— 
— 
— 

Total 

£ 

7,285,874 
16,690 
7,302,564 

363,264 
3,099,328 
3,462,592 

3,802,685 
6,902,013 

37,287 
20,597 

3,839,972 
6,922,610 

7,265,277 
— 
7,265,277 

— 
20,597 
20,597 

7,265,277 
20,597 
7,285,874 

Amortisation 
At 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008 

363,264 

— 

363,264 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2008 
At 31 March 2007 

6,902,013 
6,902,013 

20,597 
— 

6,922,610 
6,902,013 

Development costs represent costs incurred in registering patents that meet the capitalisation criteria set out 
in IAS 38, see also note 1. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

13. Goodwill and impairment 
Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the 
Group’s share of the net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. 

Goodwill  arose  on  23  June  2005  when  the  Company  acquired  the  entire  issued  share  capital  of 
Provexis Natural Products Limited (formerly Provexis Limited), a private company engaged in research and 
development. Provexis Natural Products Limited has been consolidated using the purchase method and its 
results have been incorporated in the Group results from the date of acquisition. 

Goodwill  arising  on  business  combinations  is  not  amortised  but  is  reviewed  for  impairment  on  an  annual 
basis or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill may be impaired. 

The  recoverable  amount  of  goodwill  is  determined  based  on  value  in  use  calculations,  and  the  Group’s 
activities are treated as a single cash-generating unit. 

The  key  assumptions  for  the  value  in  use  calculations  are  those  regarding  discount  rates,  revenue 
commencement  dates,  growth  rates  and  expected  changes  in  margins  and  costs.  Management  estimate 
discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect the current market assessment of the time value of money and 
the risks specific to the cash-generating unit. Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past 
experience and expectations of future changes in the market. 

The  value  in  use  calculations  have  used  post-tax  cash  flow  projections  for  ten  years  using  data  from  the 
Group’s latest internal forecasts. The forecasts are extrapolated beyond ten years at growth rates of between 
2% and 7% (2008: 2%). The results of the value in use calculations are reviewed by the Board. 

The  values  used  in  the  Group’s  internal  forecasts  reflect  anticipated  market  developments,  following 
discussions with prospective customers and suppliers. The values used in the Group’s internal forecasts are 
also based on estimates of revenue commencement dates and expected changes in margins and costs. An 
element of the risk inherent in the forecast income streams, which remain subject to contracts being agreed 
with prospective customers, has been incorporated in the Group’s post-tax cash flow projections. 

Cost 
At 1 April 2008 
Additions  
At 31 March 2009 

Amortisation and impairment 
At 1 April 2008 
Impairment of goodwill charge 
At 31 March 2009 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2009 
At 31 March 2008 

Cost 
At 1 April 2007 
Additions  
At 31 March 2008 

Amortisation 
At 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2008 
At 31 March 2007 

Goodwill 
£ 

7,265,277 
— 
7,265,277 

363,264 
3,099,328 
3,462,592 

3,802,685 
6,902,013 

7,265,277 
— 
7,265,277 

363,264 

6,902,013 
6,902,013 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

13. Goodwill and impairment (continued) 
The value in use calculations have been prepared for a period of greater than five years on account of the 
expected lives of the Group’s primary patents. 

Post-tax cash flow projections have been discounted to calculate value in use using a post-tax discount rate 
of 23% (2008: 15%), resulting in a goodwill impairment charge for the year of £3,099,328. 

The post-tax discount rate is based on a number of factors including the risk-free rate in the UK, the Group's 
estimated  market  risk  premium,  and  a  premium  to  reflect  the  inherent  risk  of  the  forecast  income  streams 
included  in  the  Group’s  cash  flow  projections,  which  remain  subject  to  contracts  being  agreed  with 
prospective customers. 

The  Board  considered  the  discount  rate  of  15%  used  in  the  prior  year  together  with  factors  including  the 
deterioration  in  the  economic  climate,  corresponding  reductions  in  expected  revenues  and  greater 
uncertainty about the future. It was agreed that in recognition of prevailing conditions, a significantly higher 
discount rate of 23% was to be used for the purpose of determining the value in use of goodwill. 

Value  in  use  calculations  are  sensitive  to  changes  in  short  and  medium  term  revenue  and  cost  growth 
assumptions, long term growth rates and post-tax discount rates. The impact on value in use of a change in 
the post-tax discount rate is shown below: 

Post-tax discount rate 

15% 
£ 

23% 
£ 

25% 
£ 

Cost of goodwill at 31-Mar-09 
Goodwill amortisation charge at 31-Mar-09 
Net book value of goodwill before impairment 
Impairment of goodwill charge required at discount rate 
Net book value of goodwill after impairment 

7,265,277 
(363,264) 
6,902,013 
— 
6,902,013 

7,265,277 
(363,264) 
6,902,013 
(3,099,328) 
3,802,685 

7,265,277 
(363,264) 
6,902,013 
(3,714,717) 
3,187,296 

The Group has conducted further goodwill impairment sensitivity analysis to include varying growth rates and 
margins,  changes  to  the  Group’s  cost  base,  varying  revenue  commencement  dates  and  other  strategic 
options for the business. 

At a post-tax discount rate of 23% a  5% reduction in forecast revenues  or a 5% increase in forecast costs 
would result in further goodwill impairment charges at 31 March 2009 as shown below: 

Impact on value in use of 

5% reduction in 
revenues 
£ 

5% increase in 
costs 
£ 

Net book value of goodwill after impairment at 31-Mar-09 
Further impairment of goodwill charge required 
Net book value of goodwill after further impairment 

3,802,685 
(411,148) 
3,391,537 

3,802,685 
(248,550) 
3,554,135 

Delays in the forecast revenue commencement dates would also result in an increase in the impairment of 
goodwill charge for the year, although this could be mitigated in part by cost savings. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

14. Plant and equipment 

Plant and 
machinery 

Fixtures, fittings 
and computer 
equipment 
£ 

Laboratory 
equipment 

Total 

£ 

£ 

Cost 
At 1 April 2008 
Additions 
At 31 March 2009 

Depreciation 
At 1 April 2008 
Charge for year 
At 31 March 2009 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2009 
At 31 March 2008 

Cost 
At 1 April 2007 
Additions 
Disposals 
At 31 March 2008 

Depreciation 
At 1 April 2007 
Disposals 
Charge for year 
At 31 March 2008 

Net book value 
At 31 March 2008 
At 31 March 2007 

£ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

38,113 
3,320 
41,433 

28,204 
6,345 
34,549 

6,884 
9,909 

Plant and 
machinery 

£ 

15,315 
— 
(15,315) 
— 

15,315 
(15,315) 
— 
— 

Fixtures, fittings 
and computer 
equipment 
£ 

38,440 
7,991 
(8,318) 
38,113 

25,833 
(8,318) 
10,689 
28,204 

68,725 
10,444 
79,169 

4,540 
14,572 
19,112 

60,057 
64,185 

Laboratory 
equipment 

106,838 
13,764 
120,602 

32,744 
20,917 
53,661 

66,941 
74,094 

Total 

£ 

£ 

— 
68,725 
— 
68,725 

— 
— 
4,540 
4,540 

53,755 
76,716 
(23,633) 
106,838 

41,148 
(23,633) 
15,229 
32,744 

— 
— 

9,909 
12,607 

64,185 
— 

74,094 
12,607 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

15. Trade and other receivables 

Amounts receivable within one year: 
Trade debtors 
Other debtors 
Prepayments and accrued income 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

6,210 
25,995 
44,737 
76,942 

6,243 
107,641 
166,216 
280,100 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of these receivables approximates to their fair value. 

16. Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

17. Trade and other payables 

Trade creditors 
Other taxes and social security 
Accruals 
Other creditors 

31 March  
2009 
£ 

1,678,263 
1,678,263 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

59,663 
30,415 
143,895 
— 
233,973 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

532,581 
532,581 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

156,248 
36,287 
160,362 
8,599 
361,496 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of these liabilities approximates to their fair value. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

18. Share capital 
On  1  August  2008  the  Company  announced  that  it  had  agreed  terms  for  a  new  share  placing  to  raise 
£2.514m (before expenses) to provide working capital and funding for pipeline development. 

The placing involved the issue of 386,894,230 new shares at 0.65p per share and a share re-organisation to 
facilitate the issue of the new shares at the subscription price. 

The placing and the share re-organisation were approved at an EGM on 26 August 2008. The 386,894,230 
new placing shares were admitted to AIM on 28 August, and the net proceeds of the placing were £2.270m 
after share issue costs. 

The  share  re-organisation  was  carried  out  because  the  issue  price  of  0.65p  was  lower  than  the  nominal 
value of 1p per share, and under English law the Company is not permitted to issue shares at a placing price 
below their nominal value. 

It was therefore agreed to sub-divide: 

•  each of the 401,724,366 issued existing ordinary shares of 1p each in the capital of the Company  into 

one new ordinary share of 0.1p and one Deferred Share of 0.9p; and 

•  each of the 148,275,634 unissued ordinary shares of 1p each into 10 new ordinary shares of 0.1p each, 

thus  enabling  the  Company  lawfully  to  implement  the  placing  at  the  placing  price.  The  aggregate  nominal 
value of the Company’s authorised share capital was not affected by these changes. 

The  rights  attached  to  the  new  ordinary  shares  are  substantially  the  same  as  the  rights  attached  to  the 
original, pre placing ordinary shares. The Deferred Shares have very limited rights which are deferred to the 
new  ordinary  shares  and  effectively  carry  no  value  as  a  result.  Accordingly,  the  holders  of  the  Deferred 
Shares  will not be entitled  to receive notice of, attend or vote at general meetings of the Company; nor be 
entitled to receive any dividends or any payment on a return of capital until at least £10,000,000 has been 
paid  on  each  new  ordinary  share.  No  application  will  be  made  for  the  Deferred  Shares  to  be  admitted  to 
trading on AIM. No certificates for the Deferred Shares will be issued. 

Full  details  of  the  placing  were  provided  in  a  circular  to  shareholders  on  1  August  2008.  The  circular  is 
available to download from the Company’s website www.provexis.com. 

On 2 October 2008 the Company raised a further £200,000 gross from a further new share placing, involving 
the issue of 30,769,200 new shares at 0.65p per share. The net proceeds of the placing were £194,000 after 
share issue costs. 

Authorised 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
number 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
Number 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
At 31 March 2009 

550,000,000 
(550,000,000) 
— 

— 
1,884,480,706 
1,884,480,706 

— 
401,724,366 
401,724,366 

550,000,000 
1,736,205,072 
2,286,205,072 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
At 31 March 2009 

Authorised 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
£ 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
£ 

5,500,000 
(5,500,000) 
— 

— 
1,884,481 
1,884,481 

— 
3,615,519 
3,615,519 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Total 

£ 

5,500,000 
— 
5,500,000 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2007 
Increase in authorised share capital on 10 April 2007 
At 31 March 2008 

400,000,000 
150,000,000 
550,000,000 

400,000,000 
150,000,000 
550,000,000 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

18. Share capital (continued) 
Authorised 

At 31 March 2007 
Increase in authorised share capital on 10 April 2007 
At 31 March 2008 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

4,000,000 
1,500,000 
5,500,000 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
number 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
Number 

Total 

£ 

4,000,000 
1,500,000 
5,500,000 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
Share placing 28 August 2008 
Share placing 2 October 2008 
At 31 March 2009 

401,724,366 
(401,724,366) 
— 
— 
— 

— 
401,724,366 
386,894,230 
30,769,200 
819,387,796 

— 
401,724,366 
— 
— 
401,724,366 

401,724,366 
401,724,366 
386,894,230 
30,769,200 
1,221,112,162 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
£ 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
£ 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
Share placing 28 August 2008 
Share placing 2 October 2008 
At 31 March 2009 

4,017,244 
(4,017,244) 
— 
— 
— 

— 
401,725 
386,894 
30,769 
819,388 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 

— 
3,615,519 
— 
— 
3,615,519 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Total 

£ 

4,017,244 
— 
386,894 
30,769 
4,434,907 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2007 
Share placing 12 April 2007 
Exercise of share options 
At 31 March 2008 

At 31 March 2007 
Share placing 12 April 2007 
Exercise of share options 
At 31 March 2008 

251,038,472 
143,316,664 
7,369,230 
401,724,366 

251,038,472 
143,316,664 
7,369,230 
401,724,366 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

2,510,386 
1,433,166 
73,692 
4,017,244 

Total 

£ 

2,510,386 
1,433,166 
73,692 
4,017,244 

During the year ended 31 March 2009 the Company issued ordinary shares of 0.1p each as follows: 

Date 

Reason for issue 

28.08.08 
02.10.08 

Placing 
Placing 

Shares issued 

£ 

Number 

386,894 
30,769 
417,663 

386,894,230 
30,769,200 
417,663,430 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

18. Share capital (continued) 
During the year ended 31 March 2008 the Company issued ordinary shares of 1p as follows: 

Date 

Reason for issue 

12.04.07 
02.05.07 
15.05.07 
16.08.07 
27.09.07 

Placing 
Exercise of share options 
Exercise of share options 
Exercise of share options 
Exercise of share options 

Shares issued 

£ 

Number 

1,433,166 
33,659 
11,216 
18,182 
10,635 
1,506,858 

143,316,664 
3,365,871 
1,121,609 
1,818,182 
1,063,568 
150,685,894 

19. Share options 
In June  2005 the Company  adopted a  new share option  scheme for employees (”the Provexis 2005 share 
option  scheme”).  Under  the  scheme,  options  to  purchase  ordinary  shares  are  granted  by  the  Board  of 
Directors, subject to the exercise price of the option being not less than the market value at the grant date. 
The  options  vest  after  a  period  of  3  years  and  the  vesting  schedule  is  subject  to  predetermined  overall 
company  selection  criteria.  In  the  event  that  the  option  holder’s  employment  is  terminated,  the  option  may 
not  be  exercised  unless  the  Board  of  Directors  so  permits.  The  options  expire  10  years  from  the  date 
of grant. 

The Company undertook a reverse takeover of Provexis Natural Products Limited (“PNP”, formerly Provexis 
Limited) in June 2005 through a share for share exchange. Prior to the takeover the Company and PNP had 
granted EMI options and unapproved options. Options granted by the Company prior to the takeover remain 
subject  to  the  same  terms  as  contained  in  the  individual  share  option  contracts  under  which  they  were 
originally  granted.  The  PNP  EMI  options  and  unapproved  options  were  rolled  over  into  options  over  the 
Company’s ordinary shares, and these replacement options remain subject to the same terms as contained 
in the individual PNP share option contracts under which they were originally granted. 

On  1  September  2008  the  Company  announced  that  further  to  an  announcement  on  1  August  2008  the 
Company's Remuneration Committee had approved the grant of options over 44,166,575 ordinary shares of 
0.1p each to certain Directors and employees of the Company. As a condition of the grant of options, certain 
Directors  surrendered  19,089,110  existing  options  and  an  additional  3,709,384  existing  options  were 
surrendered by other existing employees. 

At 31 March 2009 the number of ordinary shares subject to options granted over the 2005 and prior option 
schemes were: 

EMI options 

31 March 2009 

31 March 2008 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Granted during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Cancelled during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

3.72 
0.91 
—  
3.18 
1.15 

10,274,255 
51,727,855 
— 
(7,804,110) 
54,198,000 

3.32  15,181,064 
2,751,479 
3.38 
(6,498,207) 
1.77 
8.62 
(1,160,081) 
3.72  10,274,255 

The  exercise  price  of  EMI  options  outstanding  at  the  end  of  the  year  ranged  between  0.9p  and  6.28p 
(2008: 1p and 6.28p) and their weighted average contractual life was 9.3 years (2008: 8.0 years). 

Of  the  total  number  of  EMI  options  outstanding  at  the  end  of  the  year,  5,355,945  (2008:  4,774,067)  had 
vested  and  were  exercisable  at  the  end  of  the  year.  Their  weighted  average  exercise  price  was  3  pence 
(2008: 4 pence). 

No EMI options were exercised during the year. The weighted average share price (at the date of exercise) 
of EMI options exercised during the year ended 31 March 2008 was 3 pence. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

19. Share options (continued) 
Unapproved options 

31 March 2009 

31 March 2008 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number 

Outstanding at the beginning of the year 
Granted during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Cancelled during the year 
Outstanding at the end of the year 

2.70 
0.90 
—  
2.81 
1.39 

24,199,121 
7,324,520 
— 
(19,767,524) 
11,756,117 

3.17  11,875,701 
2.87  17,304,347 
(871,023) 
3.50 
4.66 
(4,109,904) 
2.70  24,199,121 

The exercise price of unapproved options outstanding at the end of the year ranged between 0.9p and 6.28p 
(2008: 1p and 6.28p) and their weighted average contractual life was 8.2 years (2008: 8.6 years). 

Of the total number of unapproved options outstanding at the end of the year, 4,431,597 (2008: 5,600,621) 
had vested and were exercisable at the end of the year. Their weighted average exercise price was 2 pence 
(2008: 2 pence).  

No  unapproved  options  were  exercised  during  the  year.  The  weighted  average  share  price  (at  the  date  of 
exercise) of unapproved options exercised during the year ended 31 March 2008 was 3.75 pence. 

Grant of options 
The fair values of the options have been estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes model, using 
the following assumptions: 

Tranche 

Date of 
grant 

Exercise 
price 

Number of 
options 

pence 

1 
2 
3 
4 

06-Jun-07 
29-Nov-07 
26-Aug-08 
01-Oct-08 

3.38 

2.875  17,304,347 
2,751,479 
0.9  44,166,575 
0.9  12,000,000 

Share 
price at 
grant 
date 

pence 

2.75 
3.00 
0.87 
0.725 

Expected 
volatility 

Risk free 
rate 

Expected 
life 

Fair value 
per share 
under 
option 

78% 
65% 
65% 
65% 

4.44% 
3.77% 
4.45% 
4.39% 

years 

pence 

10 
10 
10 
10 

1.42 
1.06 
0.585 
0.485 

An expected dividend yield of 0% has been used in all of the above valuations. 

The expected life of the options is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of the exercise 
patterns  that  may  occur.  The  expected  volatility  reflects  the  assumption  that  the  historical  volatility 
is indicative of future trends, which may not necessarily be the actual outcome. 

total  charge 

The 
(2008: £31,583) all of which related to equity settled share-based payment transactions. 

the  year  relating 

to  employee  share-based  payment  plans  was  £112,630 

for 

Share re-organisation 
A share re-organisation was carried out on 28 August 2008, sub dividing  each  of  the  401,724,366  issued 
existing ordinary shares with a nominal value of 1p each in the capital of the Company into one new ordinary 
share with a nominal value of 0.1p and one Deferred Share with a nominal value of 0.9p. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

19. Share options (continued) 
Share re-organisation (continued) 
The  rights  attached  to  the  new  ordinary  shares  are  substantially  the  same  as  the  rights  attached  to  the 
original, pre placing ordinary shares. The Deferred Shares have very limited rights which are deferred to the 
new ordinary shares, and effectively carry no value as a result. 

Share options which had been granted prior to 28 August 2008 over existing ordinary shares with a nominal 
value  of  1p  each  in  the  capital  of  the  Company  became  options  over  new  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal 
value of 0.1p each in the capital of the Company. The options remain subject to the same terms as contained 
in the individual option contracts under which they were originally granted. 

Share  options  issued  after  28  August  2008  are  options  over  new  ordinary  shares  with  a  nominal  value  of 
0.1p each in the capital of the Company. 

See also note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on page 44. 

20. Reserves 

At 1 April 2007 
Loss for the year 
Share-based charges 
Issue of shares – placing 
Issue of shares – exercise of 
share options 
At 31 March 2008 
Loss for the year 
Share-based charges 
Issue of shares – placing 
Reduction of premium 
on share issue 
At 31 March 2009 

Share premium 
reserve 
£ 

Merger 
reserve 
£ 

Retained 
earnings  
£ 

5,391,867 
— 
— 
528,301 

72,044 
5,992,212 
— 
— 
2,046,460 

6,273,909 
— 
— 
— 

— 
6,273,909 
— 
— 
— 

(7,541,168) 
(1,189,117) 
31,583 
— 

— 
(8,698,702) 
(4,570,506) 
112,630 
— 

Total  

£ 

4,124,608 
(1,189,117) 
31,583 
528,301 

72,044 
3,567,419 
(4,570,506) 
112,630 
2,046,460 

(59,114) 
7,979,558 

— 
6,273,909 

— 
(13,156,578) 

(59,114) 
1,096,889 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within total equity: 

Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger reserve 

Retained earnings 

Amount subscribed for share capital at nominal value. 
Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value. 
The  merger  reserve  arose  on  the  reverse  takeover  in  2005  of  Provexis  Natural 
Products  Limited  (formerly  Provexis  Limited)  by  Provexis  plc  through  a  share  for 
share exchange. 
Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated income statement. 

21. Pension costs 
The  pension  charge  represents  contributions  payable  by  the  Group  to  independently  administered  funds 
which  during  the  year  ended  31  March  2009  amounted  to  £31,726  (2008:  £31,239).  Pension  contributions 
payable but not  yet paid  at 31 March  2009 totalled  £12,450 in respect of pension contribution entitlements 
where  employees  had  not  yet  provided  details  of  the  funds  to  which  the  contributions  should  be  made 
(2008: £11,740).  In  addition,  pension  contributions  payable  in  arrears  at  31  March  2009  totalled  £9 
(2008: £2,876).  All  unpaid  contributions  are  included  in  accrued  social  security  costs  at  the  balance 
sheet date. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the consolidated financial statements continued 

22. Operating lease commitments 
Future minimum rentals payable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows: 

Due within 1 year 
Due within 1–2 years 
Due within 2–5 years 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

82,875 
— 
— 
82,875 

31 March 
2008 
£ 

54,760 
101,785 
— 
156,545 

Operating  lease  payments  represent  rentals  payable  by  the  Group  for  various  offices.  The  leases  have 
various terms, escalation clauses and renewal rights typical of lease agreements for the class of asset. 

23. Related party transactions 
Other than as disclosed  in note  8 and  transactions between Group companies there  were  no related party 
transactions in the year. 

Key management compensation 
The Directors represent the key management personnel. Details of their compensation and share options are 
given in note 7 and within the Remuneration report on pages 16 to 19. 

24. Post balance sheet events 
On 28 May 2009 the Company announced the adoption of scientific substantiation of a health claim for the 
Company’s Fruitflow® anti-thrombotic technology by the European Food Safety Authority (“EFSA”). 

The  European  Commission  has  introduced  regulation  aimed  at  harmonizing  and  approving  nutrition  and 
health  claims  on  foods.  EFSA  intends  to  establish  an  EU-wide  list  of  permitted  claims  by  2010  and  health 
claims  which  do  not  comply  will  be  prohibited.  The  Company  submitted  a  health  claim  dossier  to  EFSA  in 
late 2008 under Article 13(5), which regulates newly developed science or claims with proprietary data. 

Following  a  review  by  the  EFSA  panel,  it  was  judged  that  a  cause  and  effect  relationship  has  been 
established between consumption of Fruitflow® and the reduction of platelet aggregation in humans. EFSA 
has now adopted the scientific opinion substantiating the health claim, which is expected to go through the 
final authorization procedure in the coming weeks. A reasonable estimate of the financial effect of this event 
cannot be made at this time. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parent company balance sheet 

Fixed assets 
Investments 

Current assets 
Debtors - due after one year 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 

Current liabilities: amounts 
falling due within one year 
Bank overdraft 

Net current assets 

Total net assets 

Capital and reserves 
Share capital 
Share premium reserve 
Retained earnings 
Equity shareholders’ funds 

As at  
31 March 
2009 
£ 

As at  
31 March 
2008 
£ 

Notes 

3 

4 
5 

6 

7 
8 
8 
9 

1,117,336 

1,117,336 

3,537,113 
1,664,626 
5,201,739 

2,694,107 
— 
2,694,107 

— 

(4) 
(4) 

6,319,075 

2,694,103 

6,319,075 

3,811,439 

4,434,907 
7,979,558 
(6,095,390) 
6,319,075 

4,017,244 
5,992,212 
(6,198,017) 
3,811,439 

These financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board on 8 June 2009. 
The notes on pages 51 to 55 form part of these parent company financial statements. 

Stephen Moon  
Director  

Ian Ford 
Director 

On behalf of the Board of Provexis plc 
8 June 2009 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the parent company financial statements 

1. Accounting policies 
The  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  and  in 
accordance with UK GAAP.  

Share-based employee remuneration 
The Company has no employees however the Company will issue shares to satisfy share awards made by 
its  subsidiary  companies.  The  Company  records  a  management  charge  equivalent  to  the  fair  value  of  the 
share-based payment incurred by its subsidiaries as disclosed in note 8 on page 54. 

Taxation 
Current  tax,  including  UK  corporation  tax  is  provided  at  amounts  expected  to  be  paid  (or  recovered)  using 
the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 

Deferred  tax  balances  are  recognised  in  respect  of  all  timing  differences  that  have  originated  but  not 
reversed by the balance sheet date, except that the recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent 
that  the  Company  anticipates  making  sufficient  taxable  profits  in  the  future  to  absorb  the  reversal  of  the 
underlying timing differences. Deferred tax balances are not discounted. 

Valuation of investments 
Investments are stated at cost less any provision for impairment. Profits or losses arising from disposals of 
fixed asset investments are treated as part of the result from ordinary activities. 

2. Profit attributable to shareholders 
As permitted by Section 230 of the Companies Act 1985 no separate Company profit and loss account has 
been included in these financial statements. The Group loss for the year includes a loss after tax of £10,003 
(2008:  £6,153,751)  which  is  dealt  with  in  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company.  The  total  fees  of  the 
Group’s auditor, BDO Stoy Hayward LLP, for services provided  are analysed in note  5 to the consolidated 
financial statements on page 33. Total fees for the year were £60,000 (2008: £95,459). 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the parent company financial statements continued 

3. Investments 

Cost 
Provision for impairment 
Net book value 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

1,382,919 
(265,583) 
1,117,336 

31 March  
2008 
£ 

1,382,919 
(265,583) 
1,117,336 

At 31 March 2009 the Company owned the following material subsidiary undertakings: 

Share of issued 
ordinary share 
capital, and voting 
rights 

Country of 
incorporation and 
operation 

Business activity 

Provexis Nutrition Limited 

100% 

England and Wales 

Provexis Natural Products Limited 

100% 

England and Wales 

Provexis (IBD) Limited 

75% 

England and Wales 

Altucea Limited 

94% 

England and Wales 

Functional food, 
medical food and 
dietary supplement 
technologies 
Functional food, 
medical food and 
dietary supplement 
technologies 
Functional food, 
medical food and 
dietary supplement 
technologies 
Dormant 

There are no significant restrictions on the ability of subsidiary undertakings to transfer funds to the parent, 
other than those imposed by the Companies Act 1985. 

4. Debtors - due after one year 

Amounts owed by subsidiaries 

5. Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

3,537,113 
3,537,113 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

1,664,626 
1,664,626 

 31 March 
2008 
£ 

2,694,107 
2,694,107 

 31 March 
2008 
£ 

— 
— 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the parent company financial statements continued 

6. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year 

Overdrafts 

7. Share capital 
Authorised 

31 March 
2009 
£ 

 31 March 
2008 
£ 

— 
— 

4 
4 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
number 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
Number 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
At 31 March 2009 

550,000,000 
(550,000,000) 
— 

— 
1,884,480,706 
1,884,480,706 

— 
401,724,366 
401,724,366 

550,000,000 
1,736,205,072 
2,286,205,072 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
At 31 March 2009 

Authorised 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
£ 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
£ 

5,500,000 
(5,500,000) 
— 

— 
1,884,481 
1,884,481 

— 
3,615,519 
3,615,519 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Total 

£ 

5,500,000 
— 
5,500,000 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2007 
Increase in authorised share capital on 10 April 2007 
At 31 March 2008 

400,000,000 
150,000,000 
550,000,000 

400,000,000 
150,000,000 
550,000,000 

At 31 March 2007 
Increase in authorised share capital on 10 April 2007 
At 31 March 2008 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

4,000,000 
1,500,000 
5,500,000 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
number 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
Number 

Total 

£ 

4,000,000 
1,500,000 
5,500,000 

Total 

number 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
Share placing 28 August 2008 
Share placing 2 October 2008 
At 31 March 2009 

401,724,366 
(401,724,366) 
— 
— 
— 

— 
401,724,366 
386,894,230 
30,769,200 
819,387,796 

— 
401,724,366 
— 
— 
401,724,366 

401,724,366 
401,724,366 
386,894,230 
30,769,200 
1,221,112,162 

At 31 March 2008 
Sub-division of shares 
Share placing 28 August 2008 
Share placing 2 October 2008 
At 31 March 2009 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

Ordinary 
0.1p shares 
£ 

Deferred 
0.9p shares 
£ 

4,017,244 
(4,017,244) 
— 
— 
— 

— 
401,725 
386,894 
30,769 
819,388 

— 
3,615,519 
— 
— 
3,615,519 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

Total 

£ 

4,017,244 
— 
386,894 
30,769 
4,434,907 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the parent company financial statements continued 

7. Share capital (continued) 

Allotted, called up and fully paid 

At 31 March 2007 
Share placing 12 April 2007 
Exercise of share options 
At 31 March 2008 

At 31 March 2007 
Share placing 12 April 2007 
Exercise of share options 
At 31 March 2008 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
number 

Total 

number 

251,038,472 
143,316,664 
7,369,230 
401,724,366 

251,038,472 
143,316,664 
7,369,230 
401,724,366 

Ordinary 
1p shares 
£ 

2,510,386 
1,433,166 
73,692 
4,017,244 

Total 

£ 

2,510,386 
1,433,166 
73,692 
4,017,244 

Details of the share placings, the share re-organisation carried out and the shares issued by the Company 
during the year ended 31 March 2009 are given in note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 
44 to 46. 

8. Reserves 

At 1 April 2008 
Retained loss for the year 
Share-based charges 
Shares issued during the year - placing 
Reduction of premium on share issue 
At 31 March 2009 

9. Shareholders’ funds 
Reconciliation of movement in shareholders’ funds. 

Loss for year 
Share-based payment charge 
Shares issued during the year 
Premium on shares issued 
Reduction of premium on share issue 
Net additions to shareholders’ funds 
Opening shareholders’ funds 
Closing shareholders’ funds 

Share 
premium 
reserve 

£ 

5,992,212 
— 
— 
2,046,460 
(59,114) 
7,979,558 

31 March  
2009 
£ 

(10,003) 
112,630 
417,663 
2,046,460 
(59,114) 
2,507,636 
3,811,439 
6,319,075 

Retained 
earnings 

£ 

(6,198,017) 
(10,003) 
112,630 
— 
— 
(6,095,390) 

31 March  
2008 
£ 

(6,153,751) 
31,583 
1,506,858 
600,345 
— 
(4,014,965) 
7,826,404 
3,811,439 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the parent company financial statements continued 

10. Related party transactions 
The Company has taken advantage of the exemption conferred by Financial Reporting Standard 8 “Related 
party  disclosures”  not  to  disclose  transactions  with  members  of  the  Group  headed  Provexis  plc  on  the 
grounds  that  at  least  90%  of  the  voting  rights  of  the  Company  are  controlled  within  that  Group  and  the 
Company is included in the consolidated financial statements. 

The  Company  received  and  repaid  £50,000  of  bridging  loans  in  August  2008  from  certain  directors  and 
connected parties, and it paid an inducement fee of £10,000 to those parties for the bridging loans. See also 
note 8 to the consolidated financial statements on page 35. 

11. Post balance sheet events 
Details  of  post  balance  sheet  events  are  given  in  note  24  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  on 
page 49. 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company information 

Company number 

5102907 

Directors 

Audit committee 

Remuneration committee 

Registrars 

Secretary and registered office 

Nominated adviser and broker  

Principal solicitors 

Auditors 

C D Buck 
N C Bain 
J B Diggines 
K Rietveld 
S N Moon 
S N Morrison 
I Ford 

N C Bain 
C D Buck 

C D Buck 
N C Bain 

Equiniti Limited 
Aspect House 
Spencer Road 
Lancing 
West Sussex BN99 6DA 

I Ford 
Thames Court 
1 Victoria Street 
Windsor 
Berkshire SL4 1YB 

Arbuthnot Securities Limited 
Arbuthnot House 
20 Ropemaker Street 
London EC2Y 9AR 

Shoosmiths 
Apex Plaza 
Forbury Road 
Reading 
Berkshire RG1 1SH 

BDO Stoy Hayward LLP 
Kings Wharf 
20–30 Kings Road 
Reading 
Berkshire RG1 3EX 

Provexis plc Annual report and accounts 2009   

56