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Rayonier

ryn · NYSE Real Estate
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Ticker ryn
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Sector Real Estate
Industry REIT - Specialty
Employees 201-500
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FY2019 Annual Report · Rayonier
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Rayonier Inc.   
1 Rayonier Way 
1 Rayonier Way 
Wildlight, Florida 32097
Wildlight, Florida 32097

2019 Annual Report 
2019 Annual Report 

 
 
 
 
 
Our mission is to provide industry-leading 
Our mission is to provide industry-leading 
financial returns to our shareholders 
financial returns to our shareholders 
while serving as a responsible steward 
while serving as a responsible steward 
of our lands.
of our lands.

1926

2019

93 Years
93 Years

RYN
LISTED
 NYSE

2.6 Million Acres
2.6 Million Acres

$5.2 Billion 
$5.2 Billion 
Enterprise Value
Enterprise Value

$247.8 Million 
$247.8 Million 
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA

$142 Million of 
$142 Million of 
Timberlands Acquired
Timberlands Acquired

PEFC/40-23-6

SFI-00023

NZ Sustainable Certification
NZ Sustainable Certification

U.S. Sustainable Certification
U.S. Sustainable Certification

~32 Million Seedlings Planted 
~32 Million Seedlings Planted 
throughout U.S. and NZ
throughout U.S. and NZ

Sustainable Yield of 
Sustainable Yield of 
~10 Million Tons Annually
~10 Million Tons Annually

~34.4 Million tCO
~34.4 Million tCO22e e 
Total Carbon Stored 
Total Carbon Stored 
in NZ Timberlands
in NZ Timberlands

$211,166  Avg. Price/Acre 
$211,166  Avg. Price/Acre 
Sold in Wildlight
Sold in Wildlight

400+ Jobs Created 
400+ Jobs Created 
in Wildlight
in Wildlight

~350 Employees
~350 Employees

Gender Diversity 
Gender Diversity 
65% Male / 35% Female
65% Male / 35% Female

2,000+ Community 
2,000+ Community 
Volunteer Hours
Volunteer Hours

Figures above are as of 12/31/2019 or represent full-year 2019, unless indicated otherwise.
Figures above are as of 12/31/2019 or represent full-year 2019, unless indicated otherwise.

Rayonier Inc. 2019

Board of Directors

Richard D. Kincaid [A, C] 
Chairman of the Board 
President and Founder 
Because Foundation

David L. Nunes 
President and  
Chief Executive Officer 
Rayonier Inc. 

Keith E. Bass [A, C] 
Managing Partner  
Mill Creek Capital LLC

Dod A. Fraser [A, N] 
President 
Sackett Partners

Scott R. Jones [C] 
Retired, President 
Forest Capital Partners

Bernard Lanigan, Jr. [A, N] 
Chairman & CEO, 
Southeast Asset Advisors, Inc.; 
Founder and Chairman, 
Lanigan & Associates, P.C.

Blanche L. Lincoln [C, N] 
Founder and Principal 
Lincoln Policy Group

V. Larkin Martin [C, N] 
Managing Partner 
Martin Farm; 
Vice President 
The Albemarle Corporation

Andrew G. Wiltshire [A, N]
Founding Partner,  
Folium Capital LLC; 
Management and Governance 
of private orchard  
and farming companies 

BOARD COMMITTEES:  [A] Audit  [C] Compensation and Management Development  [N] Nominating and Corporate Governance

Executive Officers

David L. Nunes 
President and  
Chief Executive Officer

Mark D. McHugh 
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer

Douglas M. Long 
Senior Vice President, 
Forest Resources

Christopher T. Corr 
Senior Vice President, 
Real Estate Development  

Mark R. Bridwell 
Vice President,  
General Counsel and  
Corporate Secretary

Shelby L. Pyatt 
Vice President, 
Human Resources and 
Information Technology

W. Rhett Rogers 
Vice President, 
Portfolio Management

April J. Tice 
Vice President, 
Financial Services and 
Corporate Controller

Corporate Headquarters
Rayonier Inc.  
1 Rayonier Way  
Wildlight, FL 32097  
904.357.9100  
www.rayonier.com

Investor and Media Relations
Mark D. McHugh  
Senior Vice President and  
Chief Financial Officer

Corporate Information

Form 10-K
Additional copies of this report  
and Rayonier’s report on Form 10-K 
are available without charge upon 
written request to:  
Rayonier Inc.
Investor Relations  
1 Rayonier Way  
Wildlight, FL 32097

Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young, LLP  
12926 Gran Bay Parkway West  
Suite 500  
Jacksonville, FL 32258

Stock Information
Listed: New York Stock Exchange  
Symbol: RYN  
CUSIP: 754 907 103

Transfer Agent and 
Registrar Rayonier Inc.
c/o Computershare 
P.O. Box 505000 
Louisville, KY 40233-5000  
800.659.0158 (U.S.) 
201.680.6578 (International)

www.computershare.com/investor

Financial Highlights

(Dollars in millions)

Sales & Earnings
Sales
Pro Forma Sales(a)
Operating Income
Pro Forma Operating Income(a)
Net Income
Net Income attributable to Rayonier Inc.
Pro Forma Net Income(a)
Adjusted EBITDA By Segment(b)
Southern Timber
Pacific Northwest Timber
New Zealand Timber
Real Estate
Trading
(–) Corporate/Other

Total Adjusted EBITDA
Cash Flow
Cash provided by Operating Activities
Cash Available for Distribution(b)
Debt & Debt Ratios
Debt(c)
Cash
Net Debt
Net Debt to Enterprise Value(d)

RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

 2019 

 2018 

  2017 

$  711.6
711.6
107.0
107.0
67.7
59.1
59.1

$  119.7
16.7
75.8
59.5
—
(23.9)

$  816.1
816.1
170.1
170.1
117.3
102.2
102.2

$  102.8
40.9
90.8
123.4
1.0
(21.1)

$  819.6
724.2
215.5
149.2
161.5
148.8
82.5

$  91.6
33.1
85.1
95.5
4.6
(19.4)

$  247.8

$  337.7

$  290.5

$  214.3
149.4

$  310.1
240.1

$  256.3
188.7

$ 1,057.0
68.7
988.3

$  975.0
148.4
826.6

$ 1,028.4
112.7
915.7

19%

19%

18%

(a)  These non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled on page 9.
(a)  These non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled on page 9.

(b) Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Available for Distribution (CAD) are non-GAAP measures defined and reconciled on pages 27 and 44, respectively, within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(b) Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Available for Distribution (CAD) are non-GAAP measures defined and reconciled on pages 27 and 44, respectively, within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(c) Total debt as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is presented gross of deferred financing costs of $1.9 million, $2.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively. 
(c) Total debt as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is presented gross of deferred financing costs of $1.9 million, $2.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively. 

(d) Enterprise Value based on equity market capitalization plus net debt at year-end.
(d) Enterprise Value based on equity market capitalization plus net debt at year-end.

Adjusted EBITDA(b)
(Dollars in millions) 

Total Harvest 
(Tons in millions) 

CAD(b)
(Dollars in millions) 

$360

270

180

90

–

12

9

6

3

–

$280

210

140

70

–

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

page 01
page 01

 
 
RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 

Dear  Fellow 
Shareholders:

When times are challenging, you learn a great deal about how 
well your team works together to achieve its goals. We faced 
significant  challenges  across  all  our  timber  markets  in  2019, 
and I’m very pleased with how well our team worked together 
to make the best of a challenging year. We saw an escalation 
of the U.S.-China trade war, including retaliatory tariffs on log 
exports  from  the  U.S.,  which  impacted  both  the  Pacific 
Northwest  and  Southern  timber  segments.  In  addition,  we 
watched  the  unfolding  European  spruce  beetle  epidemic 
deliver  higher  volumes  of  salvage  timber  into  China,  which 
impacted directly or indirectly all three of our timber segments. 
While  we  believe  both  of  these  situations  will  be  relatively 
short-lived, they have certainly been disruptive to our markets 
in  the  near  term.  Nevertheless,  our  team  did  a  great  job  of 
working  to  maximize  long-term  value  while  at  the  same  time 
generating sufficient cash flow to fully fund our dividend.

2019 in Review
Full-year  2019  net  income  attributable  to  Rayonier  was  $59 
million, or $0.46 per share, compared to $102 million, or $0.79 
per share, in 2018. Our total Adjusted EBITDA was $248 million 
in  2019,  which  was  27%  lower  than  the  prior  year  total  of 
$338  million  due  primarily  to  a  lower  contribution  from  our 
Real  Estate  segment,  which  delivered  record  post-spin-off 
performance in 2018. Full-year Cash Available for Distribution 
(CAD) was $149 million in 2019, representing a 38% decrease 
from the $240 million of CAD we generated in 2018. 

While  down  from  our  post-spin-off  record  full-year  Adjusted 
EBITDA in 2018, our team worked hard to deliver solid results 
in 2019. We enjoyed record Adjusted EBITDA in our Southern 
Timber segment, which represents the largest component of 
our  asset  value.  Further,  we  continued  to  generate  strong 
premiums in our Real Estate segment, achieving the highest 
revenue per acre sold since 2007. Notably, we achieved solid 
2019  results  in  spite  of  deferring  nearly  300,000  tons  of 
harvest  volume  across  our  three  timber  segments.  These 
results  are  a  testament  to  the  quality  and  diversity  of  our 

portfolio,  the  strength  of  the  markets  in  which  we  operate, 
and most importantly, the dedication of our people. 

Pope Resources Acquisition 
Complements Pacific Northwest Portfolio
On  January  15,  2020,  we  announced  a  definitive  merger 
agreement  with  Pope  Resources  (Pope),  with  the  transaction 
expected to close by mid-year. We are very excited to be adding 
these high-quality assets to our Pacific Northwest portfolio, and 
look  forward  to  tapping  into  the  regional  expertise  of  Pope’s 
team. Pope will contribute 124,000 acres of high-quality western 
Washington timberlands to our portfolio, bringing our ownership in 
the region to approximately 500,000 acres. With a complementary 
age-class fit to our existing portfolio, these lands will increase our 
Pacific Northwest sustainable yield by 32% and increase our 
proportion  of  Douglas-fir  merchantable  timber  inventory 
from 60% to 68%. We will also enjoy a higher proportion of 
ground-based  logging  given  the  more  gentle  topography  of 
Pope’s timberlands relative to our existing portfolio. In addition 
to lowering our average harvest costs and thus improving our 
cash flow metrics, these lands are located in strong log markets 
that provide for greater operational flexibility in the future.

Pope’s  subsidiary  Olympic  Resource  Management  will  bring  a 
private  equity  timber  fund  business  with  141,000  acres  of 
commercial  timberlands  under  management  in  Washington, 
Oregon  and  California.  This  business  operates  three  timber 
funds,  which  provide  for  added  operational  efficiencies  and 
economies  of  scale.  As  of  the  most  recent  appraisal  data 
from  December  31,  2019,  these  funds  have  total  assets 
under management of $520 million. Based on Pope’s variable 
co-investment level in each of the three funds, which ranges 
from 5% to 20%, the value of Pope’s co-investment stake in 
the  funds  was  $59  million  as  of  December  31,  2019,  or  $52 
million net of fund level debt. The fund business also has an 
accrued  carried  interest  owed  to  Olympic  Resource 
Management on one of the funds that is performing above the 
return threshold established for that fund.

page 02
page 02

DAVID L. NUNES 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pope also has a real estate business that is well respected in the 
west Puget Sound region of Washington and is complementary 
to  Rayonier’s  real  estate  and  higher-and-better-use  (HBU)  land 
sales  business  in  the  U.S.  South.  With  improved  development 
projects  in  Gig  Harbor,  Bremerton,  Bainbridge  Island,  Kingston 
and  Port  Gamble,  we  envision  Pope’s  real  estate  business  not 
only  providing  additional  scale  and  diversity  to  our  existing 
HBU  real  estate  platform,  but  also  contributing  additional 
management expertise. 

As  part  of  this  transaction,  we  will  be  employing  an  umbrella 
partnership  real  estate  investment  trust  (UPREIT)  structure. 
While this strategy is common in the REIT space, it has never 
before been employed by a public timber REIT. Pope unitholders 
will  have  the  flexibility  of  receiving  a  mix  of  cash,  common 
shares of Rayonier or units of Rayonier LP, an entity that will be 
formed prior to closing the merger and serve as our operating 
company. For those Pope unitholders electing to receive units 
of  Rayonier  LP,  they  generally  will  not  recognize  any  taxable 
gain with respect to the units of Rayonier LP that they receive 
as  part  of  the  transaction.  The  units  of  Rayonier  LP  can  be 
exchanged  for  cash  based  on  the  market  price  of  common 
shares of Rayonier or, at Rayonier’s option, common shares of 
Rayonier  on  a  1:1  basis.  This  transaction  structure  provides 
maximum  flexibility  for  Pope  unitholders  both  in  terms  of  the 
form  of  consideration  and  the  timing  of  recognizing  capital 
gains  tax  liability.  Under  the  terms  of  the  merger  agreement, 
Pope  unitholders  will  be  subject  to  a  proration  of  70%  equity 
and 30% cash, which equates to aggregate consideration as if 
each Pope unitholder received 2.751 Rayonier common shares 
or Rayonier LP units and $37.50 in cash.

Based  on  the  incremental  harvest  coming  from  Pope’s 
timberlands, the favorable relative EBITDA per acre contribution 
due  to  a  higher  proportion  of  Douglas-fir  and  lower  logging 
costs, and targeted annual synergies of $5 million, we anticipate 
that  the  Pope  acquisition  will  contribute  incremental  five-year 
average Adjusted EBITDA of $38 million and CAD of $25 million. 

We also expect the acquisition, excluding transaction costs, to be 
accretive  to  CAD  in  the  first  full  year.  With  the  cash  component 
of  this  transaction,  we  anticipate  increasing  our  pro  forma  net 
debt to Adjusted EBITDA to approximately 4.5x, which is towards 
the  upper  end  of  our  leverage  target.  We  expect  to  bring  this 
debt ratio down over the next few years through organic growth 
in cash flows as well as targeted asset sales.

While  the  financial  contribution  from  the  Pope  acquisition  is 
certainly  important,  it’s  also  worth  noting  the  importance  of 
adding the people at Pope to the Rayonier team. We have a lot 
of respect for Pope’s people and believe our respective cultures 
are  very  compatible.  This  is  an  important  aspect  to  de-risking 
this transaction and critically important to a successful integration 
of our two companies.

Portfolio Well Positioned for 
Growth in Future Cash Flows
Notwithstanding some of the recent market headwinds we’ve 
experienced,  we  feel  very  good  about  how  our  portfolio  is 
positioned  for  the  future.  We  have  worked  hard  to  make 
continuous improvements, both by addition and subtraction, 
to our portfolio. In 2019, we completed 18 bolt-on acquisitions, 
adding 69,000 acres across all three timber segments for total 
consideration of $142 million. These additions more than offset 
the 17,000 acres of dispositions and 18,000 acres of net lease 
expirations  in  2019.  After  taking  into  account  both  additions 
and  subtractions  from  our  portfolio  in  2019,  we  increased  our 
long-term sustainable yield by approximately 250,000 tons.

Despite challenging market conditions in 2019, I believe there 
is  reason  for  optimism  about  the  future  in  each  of  our  three 
timber segments. 

In the U.S. South, 61% of our 1.8 million acre portfolio is located 
in  top  quartile  markets  (based  on  composite  stumpage 
prices using Timber Mart-South data), which boast an estimated  

page 03
page 03

We are increasingly optimistic that with the rising level 
We are increasingly optimistic that with the rising level 
of U.S. housing starts and the positioning of our 
of U.S. housing starts and the positioning of our 
timberland assets in stronger markets with more 
timberland assets in stronger markets with more 
fundamental pricing leverage, we should enjoy 
fundamental pricing leverage, we should enjoy 
improved cash flow in the years to come.
improved cash flow in the years to come.

growth-drain  ratio  of  1.0,  implying  a  balanced  timber  supply 
situation.  By  contrast,  only  1%  of  our  portfolio  is  in  bottom 
quartile markets, where the growth-drain ratio is an estimated 
2.4  (compared  to  an  average  U.S.  South  growth-drain  ratio 
estimated at 1.4). The relative strength of our Southern footprint 
should  translate  to  an  enhanced  stumpage  price  response 
relative  to  our  peers  as  log  markets  begin  to  tighten  once 
recently  announced  sawmill  capacity  additions  reach  rated 
production levels.  

In the Pacific Northwest, with the addition of Pope, we will have 
a  more  balanced  portfolio,  both  from  a  species  composition 
and  log  market  perspective.  We  also  expect  improved  cash 
flow  metrics  with  a  lower  proportion  of  more  expensive  cable 
logging  ground.  Domestic  sawlog  customers  in  the  Pacific 
Northwest are further expected to benefit from the three billion 
board feet of Canadian sawmill capacity curtailments following 
the  Mountain  Pine  beetle  epidemic,  which  should  continue  to 
shift production away from British Columbia.  

Our New Zealand segment, in which we’ve been able to make 
modest  additions  in  recent  years,  has  superior  biological 
productivity and well-diversified domestic and export market 
exposure. While we are currently faced with headwinds from 
elevated  inventory  levels  in  China  following  the  coronavirus 
outbreak,  once  these  inventories  are  brought  into  balance, 
we expect this market to continue to be an important source 
of Rayonier’s overall market diversification and growing cash 
flow profile.  

We  are  increasingly  optimistic  that  with  the  rising  level  of 
U.S.  housing  starts  and  the  positioning  of  our  timberland 
assets in stronger markets with more fundamental pricing 
leverage, we should enjoy improved cash flow in the years 
to  come.  In  addition,  our  team  continues  to  adopt  new 
technologies  such  as  winch-assisted  logging,  LiDAR  and 
drones to more efficiently and effectively manage our land 
por tfolio,  all  of  which  should  ultimately  translate  to 
improved  margins  and  increased  cash  flow  generation. 

We also believe that our status as a pure-play timber REIT, 
without  exposure  to  manufacturing  assets,  helps  to  lower 
the volatility of future cash flows.     

Importance of Diversified Portfolio  
While  we  believe  our  portfolio  is  well  positioned  for  growth  in 
future cash flows, it’s also important to note the importance of 
having a diversified portfolio as a defensive strategy. When we 
put  seedlings  in  the  ground,  we  don’t  have  clarity  on  what 
future market conditions will be when it comes time to harvest 
that timber in 20 to 40 years. So it remains important to have a 
diversified  portfolio,  with  exposure  to  different  log  markets  for 
different species and grades of logs serving various sawtimber 
and  pulpwood  customers.  With  our  breadth  of  market  and 
product exposure across the U.S. South, Pacific Northwest and 
New  Zealand,  we  feel  well-positioned  to  capture  upticks  in  our 
various product and geographic markets, as well as sufficiently 
diversified to weather short-term market disruptions. 

As  we  look  back  over  recent  years,  we’ve  seen  multiple 
instances where this portfolio diversification has served us well 
from a defensive perspective. We’ve seen our portfolio diversi-
fication  come  into  play  with  the  U.S.-China  trade  war,  where 
our  presence  in  New  Zealand  helped  offset  a  reduction  in 
export log market opportunities out of the U.S. Our real estate 
portfolio consisting of both development properties and HBU 
timberlands has also served as an important source of diversi-
fication  during  times  of  soft  log  markets.  We’ve  enjoyed 
impressive  gains  in  per-acre  values  across  all  our  real  estate 
sales categories in recent years, which has provided for greater 
flexibility  to  defer  harvest  volumes  during  soft  log  market 
conditions.  Currently,  we  are  faced  with  near-term  market 
disruptions  on  both  the  demand  and  supply  fronts  with  the 
coronavirus  pandemic,  which  has  slowed  market  activity  in 
China, as well as the European spruce beetle epidemic, which 
has  resulted  in  excess  supply  impacting  a  number  of  global 
markets. We intend to lean on the breadth of our portfolio as 
we navigate market conditions for the balance of this year.

page 04
page 04

Restoring salmon habitats 
in the Pacific Northwest

We have upgraded 750 culverts and 
bridges and opened 220 miles of 
rivers and streams to restore salmon 
habitats over the past 20 years. 

RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Foresters add drones 
to their toolkits 

Our foresters use drones across our 
ownership to manage land with a new 
perspective, which increases safety, 
reduces costs and optimizes their time.

page 05
page 05

RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Winch-assisted logging provides 
safer working conditions 

We work with logging contractors to 
incorporate winch-assist machines in 
steep slope harvesting, creating safer 
conditions for loggers and the environment.

LiDAR improves 
decision-making 

Our team uses a 3D representation of 
the terrain and tree canopy to aid with 
harvest planning, support silvicultural 
decision-making and enhance forest 
inventory data.

page 06
page 06

With our breadth of market and product exposure across the 
With our breadth of market and product exposure across the 
U.S. South, Pacific Northwest and New Zealand, we feel well- 
U.S. South, Pacific Northwest and New Zealand, we feel well- 
positioned to capture upticks in our various product and 
positioned to capture upticks in our various product and 
geographic markets, as well as sufficiently diversified to 
geographic markets, as well as sufficiently diversified to 
weather short-term market disruptions.
weather short-term market disruptions.

At  any  given  time,  some  portion  of  our  portfolio  may  be  either 
exposed to or poised to benefit from potential short-term market 
disruptions.  We  regularly  discuss,  from  an  enterprise  risk 
management perspective, various potential risks to our business, 
many  of  which  are  outside  our  control.  We  also  factor  in  the 
diversification aspects of our portfolio when considering various 
portfolio moves. We try to maintain a perspective of never being 
satisfied with our portfolio, and believe this vigilance has helped 
us maintain a very well-diversified portfolio that is well-positioned 
for relative outperformance over the long term. 

ESG Reporting Evolution
The  drumbeat  for  more  extensive  Environmental,  Social  and 
Governance  (ESG)  reporting  is  getting  louder  and  louder, 
while  actual  reporting  standards  continue  to  develop  and 
evolve from an infancy stage. At Rayonier, we’ve worked over 
the past year to better understand the various ESG reporting 
frameworks  and  to  prepare  our  disclosures  in  a  way  that 
reflects  our  business  and  the  priorities  that  both  our  Board 
and  leadership  team  focus  on  in  this  arena.  To  this  end,  we 
rolled  out  a  new  ESG  web  page  (https://www.rayonier.com/
sustainability/responsible-stewardship) as a starting point in 
this  expanded  ESG  reporting.  We’ve  also  adopted  the 
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) reporting 
framework  with  which  to  map  our  ESG  disclosures,  while 
recognizing that this SASB framework does not fully address 
all of the ESG aspects of our business.

When approaching ESG reporting, a central tenet of our approach 
is  to  provide  transparent  disclosure  on  our  sustainable  harvest 
level,  which  we  have  done  since  the  spin-off  in  2014.  While 
none of our peers report their respective sustainable harvest 
levels  and  none  of  the  ESG  reporting  frameworks  focus  on 
this  particular  metric,  we  believe  it  is  a  critically  important 
aspect  of  ESG  reporting.  We  define  our  10  million  tons  of 
sustainable  harvest  as  the  harvest  level  we  can  achieve  into 
perpetuity.  We  provide  this  metric  not  only  for  the  entire 
company, but for each of our three timber operating segments. 

Related  to  this  disclosure  is  the  need  to  have  systems  and 
processes to verify both our growth and yield models and our 
merchantable timber inventory in order to ensure the accuracy 
of our sustainable harvest level. Every year, we perform cut-out 
analyses  on  completed  harvest  blocks  to  test  the  accuracy 
of the projected harvest volume coming out of our timber 
inventor y  system.  In  addition,  ever y  year  we  perform 
inventory verification cruises, which capture detailed timber 
inventory  data  across  thousands  of  inventory  plots,  to 
validate our growth and yield models and to make adjustments 
to our merchantable timber inventory as needed. Lastly, we 
review  these  analyses  with  our  Board  each  year  before 
updating our 10-K disclosures. 

We expect ESG reporting to continue to evolve in the years to 
come, based on a mix of company specific reporting priorities, 
changes to third-party ESG reporting platforms, and increased 
interest  from  investors.  We  believe  that  we  have  a  very  good 
ESG story to report, but we want to be thoughtful and authentic 
in  how  we  approach  it.  Thus,  we  intend  to  roll  out  our  ESG 
reporting  in  a  manner  that  is  consistent  with  how  we  think 
about  our  business,  as  opposed  to  putting  out  information 
that simply checks boxes to comply with third-party reporting 
frameworks or ratings criteria.

Role of Wood in Fighting Climate Change
As  the  world  becomes  increasingly  aware  of  the  potential 
impacts of climate change, there is a greater recognition of the 
role  wood  can  play  in  combatting  the  effects  of  man-made 
carbon  emissions.  It  is  now  more  broadly  understood  the  role 
trees, through photosynthesis, play in sequestering and storing 
atmospheric carbon. In addition, there is greater recognition that 
downstream  solid  wood  products,  such  as  lumber,  can  store 
sequestered carbon indefinitely. In a related context, there is also 
greater  recognition  of  the  higher  relative  energy  consumption 
and  carbon  emission  footprint  of  competing  building  materials 
such  as  steel  and  concrete.  For  all  of  these  reasons,  we  are 
seeing a surge in awareness of and interest in building with wood. 

page 07
page 07

When approaching ESG reporting, 
When approaching ESG reporting, 
a central tenet of our approach is 
a central tenet of our approach is 
to provide transparent disclosure on 
to provide transparent disclosure on 
our sustainable harvest level, which 
our sustainable harvest level, which 
we have done since the spin-off in 2014.
we have done since the spin-off in 2014.

We believe the wider use and acceptance of regulated carbon 
trading  schemes,  like  we  have  in  New  Zealand,  will  both 
facilitate  the  wider  use  of  wood  as  a  building  material  and 
potentially credit timberland owners like Rayonier with an extra 
layer  of  value  that  improves  the  financial  returns  associated 
with growing trees.

This growing interest in wood-based construction has manifested 
itself in the growth of mass timber, with a particular focus on 
cross-laminated timber (CLT), which is formed by gluing lumber 
together  in  an  alternating  orientation  to  form  a  sturdy,  thick 
panel for construction. The greater use of CLT, which has been 
facilitated  by  the  growing  acceptance  of  mass  timber  in 
building  codes,  including  for  mid-rise  and  even  high-rise 
buildings, is just now starting to penetrate the North American 
market  after  having  enjoyed  considerable  acceptance  in 
European  markets  for  a  number  of  years.  We  are  seeing  more 
CLT  facilities  being  constructed  in  the  U.S.  to  support  major 
commercial  projects  such  as  the  new  Walmart  headquarters 
campus.  In  addition  to  being  good  for  the  environment,  we 
expect  that  this  growth  in  future  CLT  demand  will  continue  to 
help the timber and wood products sectors penetrate the large 
commercial construction market.

While faced with strong headwinds in a number of our markets in 
2019,  we  nevertheless  delivered  a  total  shareholder  return  of 
22.5%  despite  some  intermittent  periods  of  significant  volatility. 
As  we  enter  2020,  the  current  economic  and  financial  market 
fallout from the coronavirus pandemic is creating new challenges 
across  our  markets  and  operations.  The  same  adaptive  and 
flexible  management  responsiveness  we  needed  to  navigate 
last year’s challenges will be tested again in 2020.

Overall, I am pleased with the progress we have made towards 
achieving  our  vision  while  maintaining  the  balance  of  delivering 
solid annual performance year after year. I credit some of this to 
our nimble approach to capital allocation decision making, and 
would  also  like  to  thank  our  dedicated  employees  for  their 
continued  engagement  and  commitment  towards  achieving 
our vision. I would also like to recognize our leadership team and 
Board for working together to create a culture that facilitates this 
mission and positions Rayonier for future success. Lastly, I would 
like  to  thank  our  shareholders  for  your  continued  trust  in  our 
stewardship of your investment in Rayonier. As we near the antic-
ipated mid-year Pope transaction closing, I look forward to wel-
coming Pope unitholders into the ranks of our shareholder base. 
As always, we welcome your input and feedback.

Staying Focused on Our Mission
In last year’s letter, I touched on our progress towards achieving 
our vision of having the best-in-class assets, operations, disclosure 
and transparency, while being the preferred employer for forestry 
and land management professionals and the preferred timberland 
investment vehicle for institutional investors. We remain steadfastly 
committed to achieving this vision and believe that each element 
of this vision is critically important to furthering our overall mission 
of providing industry leading financial returns to our shareholders 
while serving as a responsible steward of our lands. Our Board, 
leadership team and employees work hard to stay focused on 
growing long-term value per share, while at the same time striving 
to deliver competitive short-term results. 

David L. Nunes 
President and Chief Executive Officer

page 08
page 08

RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

2019

2018

2017

PRO FORMA SALES(a)
Sales
Large Dispositions(b)

Pro Forma Sales

PRO FORMA OPERATING INCOME(c)
Operating Income
Large Dispositions(b)
Costs related to shareholder litigation(d)

Pro Forma Operating Income

PRO FORMA NET INCOME(e)

Net Income attributable to Rayonier Inc.
Large Dispositions(b)
Costs related to shareholder litigation(d)

$ 711.6
—

$711.6

$ 107.0
—
—

$ 107.0

$  59.1
—
—

$ 816.1
—

$ 816.1

$ 170.1
—
—

$ 170.1

$ 819.6
(95.4)

$ 724.2

$ 215.5
(67.0)
0.7

$ 149.2

Per 
diluted 
share

  $0.46
—
—

 Per 
diluted 
share    

$ 102.2
—
—

$ 0.79
—
—

$ 148.8
(67.0)
0.7

Per 
diluted 
share

$ 1.16
(0.52)
0.01

Pro Forma Net Income

$  59.1

$0.46

$ 102.2

$ 0.79

$   82.5

$ 0.65

(a)(a)  Pro Forma Sales

Pro Forma Sales  is defined as revenue adjusted for Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with useful information to 
is defined as revenue adjusted for Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with useful information to 
evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative of ongoing operating results.
evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative of ongoing operating results.

(b) Large Dispositions
(b) 

 are defined as transactions involving the sale of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a demonstrable premium relative to timberland value.
Large Dispositions are defined as transactions involving the sale of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a demonstrable premium relative to timberland value.

(c)  Pro Forma Operating Income
(c)  

Pro Forma Operating Income is defined as operating income adjusted for costs related to shareholder litigation and Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that this non-GAAP financial 
 is defined as operating income adjusted for costs related to shareholder litigation and Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that this non-GAAP financial 
measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative of ongoing operating results.
measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative of ongoing operating results.

(d) Costs related to shareholder litigation
(d) 

 is defined on page 28 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.    
Costs related to shareholder litigation is defined on page 28 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.    

(e)  Pro Forma Net Income 
(e)  

is defined as net income attributable to Rayonier Inc. adjusted for costs related to shareholder litigation and Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that 
Pro Forma Net Income is defined as net income attributable to Rayonier Inc. adjusted for costs related to shareholder litigation and Large Dispositions. Rayonier believes that 
this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative 
this non-GAAP financial measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate our core business operations because it excludes specific items that are not indicative 
of ongoing operating results. 
of ongoing operating results. 

page 09
page 09

RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Rayonier Timberland Acreage* 
Rayonier Timberland Acreage* 
Total: 2.6 million acres
Total: 2.6 million acres

(*Acreage in 000’s as of 12/31/2019)
(*Acreage in 000’s as of 12/31/2019)

U.S. South 

Harvest Volume 
(Tons in thousands)

Adjusted EBITDA 
(Dollars in millions)

Adj. EBITDA/Ton 
(Dollars per ton)

»  Acreage: 1.8mm acres

»  Sustainable Yield:  
    6.1–6.5mm tons

»  Planted/Plantable: 67%

»  Average Site Index(1): 72 feet

7,000

5,600

4,200

2,800

1,400

–

$140

112

84

56

28

–

$25

20

15

10

5

–

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

U.S. Pacific 
Northwest 

Harvest Volume 
(Tons in thousands)

Adjusted EBITDA 
(Dollars in millions)

Adj. EBITDA/Ton 
(Dollars per ton)

»  Acreage: 379,000 acres

»  Sustainable Yield: 1.4mm tons

»  Planted/Plantable: 79%

»  Average Site Index(2): 116 feet

1,500

1,200

900

600

300

–

$45

36

27

18

9

–

$35

28

21

14

7

–

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

page 10
page 10

(1) Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 25.
(1) 
Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 25.
(2) Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 50.
(2) 
Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 50.

  
Pacific  Northwest 

379,000 ACRES
379,000 ACRES

New Zealand 

414,000 ACRES
414,000 ACRES

U.S. South

1.8MM ACRES
1.8MM ACRES

New Zealand 

Harvest Volume 
(Tons in thousands)

Adjusted EBITDA 
(Dollars in millions)

Adj. EBITDA/Ton 
(Dollars per ton)

»  Acreage: 414,000 acres

»  Sustainable Yield:  
    2.4–2.7mm tons

»  Planted/Plantable: 71%

»  Average Site Index(3): 94 feet

3,000

2,400

1,800

1,200

600

–

$100

80

60

40

20

–

$40

32

24

16

8

–

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

Real Estate 

Acres Sold(4) 
(Acres in thousands)

Adjusted EBITDA(4) 
(Dollars in millions)

Price/Acre(5)
(Dollars per acre)

»  Focused on Monetizing Higher- 
    and-Better-Use Timberlands

 »  ~200,000 Acres in I-95 
    Coastal Corridor

»  ~56,000 Acres with Land 
    Use Entitlements

»  Two Active Development Projects: 
    Wildlight and Richmond Hill

40

32

24

16

8

–

$125

100

75

50

25

–

$5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

–

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

2017

2018

2019

(3) Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 20.
(3) 
Site index reflects the average height of the dominant and codominant trees at a base age of 20.
(4) Excludes Large Dispositions.
(4) 
Excludes Large Dispositions.
(5) Excludes Large Dispositions and Improved Development.
(5) 
Excludes Large Dispositions and Improved Development.

page 11
page 11

 
 
RAYONIER INC.    
RAYONIER INC.

2019 ANNUAL REPORT
2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this Report contains forward-looking statements within 
the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking 
statements, which are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the 
industry and markets in which Rayonier and Pope operate and beliefs of and assumptions 
made  by  Rayonier’s  management  and  Pope’s  management,  involve  uncertainties  that 
could significantly affect the financial or operating results of Rayonier, Pope or the combined 
company.  Words  such  as  “expects,”  “anticipates,”  “intends,”  “plans,”  “believes,”  “seeks,”” 
““estimates,” “will,” “should,” “may,” “projects,” “could,” “estimates” or variations of such words 
and  other  similar  expressions  are  intended  to  identify  such  forward-looking  statements, 
which generally are not historical in nature, but not all forward-looking statements include 
such identifying words.

Such  forward-looking  statements  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  projections  of  earnings, 
statements  of  plans  for  future  operations  or  expected  revenues,  statements  about  the 
benefits  of  the  proposed  transaction  involving  Rayonier  and  Pope,  including  future 
financial and operating results, the combined company’s plans, objectives, expectations 
and intentions. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments 
that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to  (i)  the 
expected  benefits  of  the  proposed  transaction  to  stockholders,  employees  and  other 
constituents  of  the  combined  company,  (ii)  the  expected  synergies  and  other  cost 
savings as a result of completion of the proposed transaction, (iii) the expected timetable 
for  completing  the  proposed  transaction  or  integration  of  the  two  companies,  (iv)  the 
general economic conditions in the geographic areas where Rayonier or Pope operate, 
(v) creating value for stockholders, (vi) changes in timber prices, (vii) changes in sales 
or  contribution  volume  of  developed  properties  and  (viii)  the  availability  of  capital  to 
finance the proposed transactions are each forward-looking statements. These statements 
are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and 
assumptions  that  are  difficult  to  predict.  Although  we  believe  the  expectations 
reflected  in  any  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  reasonable  assumptions, 
we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained and therefore, actual 
outcomes  and  results  may  differ  materially  from  what  is  expressed  or  forecasted  in 
such forward-looking statements. 

The  following  important  factors,  among  others,  could  cause  actual  results  or  events  to 
differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements that may have been 
made  in  this  document:  risks  associated  with  achieving  expected  synergies  and  other 
costs savings; risks associated with the ability to complete the proposed transaction on 
the  terms  contemplated  or  at  all;  the  expected  timing  of  the  closing  of  the  proposed 
transaction; the ability to successfully integrate our operations and employees following 
the closing of the proposed transaction; the cyclical and competitive nature of the industries 
in  which  we  operate;  fluctuations  in  demand  for,  or  supply  of,  our  forest  products  and 
real  estate  offerings;  entry  of  new  competitors  into  our  markets;  changes  in  global 
economic conditions and world events; fluctuations in demand for our products in Asia, 
and especially China; the uncertainties of potential impacts of climate-related initiatives; 
the  cost  and  availability  of  third  party  logging  and  trucking  services;  the  geographic 
concentration of a significant portion of our timberland; our ability to identify, finance and 
complete  timberland  acquisitions;  changes  in  environmental  laws  and  regulations 
regarding timber harvesting, delineation of wetlands, and endangered species, that may 
restrict or adversely impact our ability to conduct our business, or increase the cost of 
doing  so;  adverse  weather  conditions,  natural  disasters  and  other  catastrophic  events 
such as hurricanes, wind storms and wildfires, which can adversely affect our timberlands 
and  the  production,  distribution  and  availability  of  our  products;  interest  rate  and 
currency movements; our capacity to incur additional debt; changes in tariffs, taxes 
or treaties relating to the import and export of our products or those of our competitors; 
changes  in  key  management  and  personnel;  our  ability  to  meet  all  necessary  legal 
requirements to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust and changes in tax 
laws  that  could  adversely  affect  beneficial  tax  treatment;  the  cyclical  nature  of  the  real 
estate business generally; a delayed or weak recovery in the housing market; the lengthy, 
uncertain and costly process associated with the ownership, entitlement and development 
of real estate, especially in Florida, which also may be affected by changes in law, policy 
and political factors beyond our control; unexpected delays in the entry into or closing of 
real estate transactions; changes in environmental laws and regulations that may restrict or 
adversely  impact  our  ability  to  sell  or  develop  properties;  the  timing  of  construction  and 
availability of public infrastructure; and the availability of financing for real estate development 
and mortgage loans; the potential impact of announcement of the proposed transaction or 
consummation of the proposed transaction on relationships, including with employees and 
customers;  the  unfavorable  outcome  of  any  legal  proceedings  that  have  been  or  may  be 
instituted against Rayonier or Pope; the amount of the costs, fees, expenses and charges 
related  to  the  proposed  transaction  and  the  actual  terms  of  the  financings  that  may  be 
obtained  in  connection  with  the  proposed  transaction;  those  additional  risks  and  factors 
discussed  in  reports  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (the  “SEC”)  by

page 12
page 12

Rayonier and Pope from time to time, including those discussed under the heading “Risk 
Factors” in their respective most recently filed reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q. Except to 
the  extent  required  by  applicable  law  or  regulation,  Rayonier  disclaims  any  duty  to 
update any forward-looking statements contained in this communication or to otherwise 
update any of the above-referenced factors.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To  supplement  Rayonier’s  financial  statements  presented  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted  accounting  principles  in  the  United  States  (“GAAP”),  Rayonier  uses  certain 
non-GAAP measures, including “cash available for distribution,” and “Adjusted EBITDA,” 
which  are  defined  and  further  explained  in  this  communication.  Reconciliation  of  such 
measures  to  the  nearest  GAAP  measures  can  also  be  found  in  this  communication. 
Rayonier’s definitions of these non-GAAP measures may differ from similarly titled measures 
used by others. These non-GAAP measures should be considered supplemental to, and 
not a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Important Additional Information and Where to Find It
In connection with the proposed merger, Rayonier and its subsidiary, Rayonier Operating 
Partnership LP, will file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 to register the 
shares  of  Rayonier  common  stock  and  units  representing  partnership  interests  in 
Rayonier Operating Partnership LP to be issued in connection with the merger. The reg-
istration  statement  will  include  a  proxy  statement/prospectus  which  will  be  sent  to  the 
stockholders of Pope Resources seeking their approval of the merger-related proposals. 
INVESTORS  AND  SECURITY  HOLDERS  ARE  URGED  TO  READ  THE  REGISTRATION 
STATEMENT ON FORM S-4 AND THE RELATED PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, AS 
WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THOSE DOCUMENTS AND ANY 
OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS TO BE FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH 
THE  PROPOSED  MERGER,  WHEN  THEY  BECOME  AVAILABLE,  BECAUSE  THEY  WILL 
CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT RAYONIER, POPE RESOURCES AND THE 
PROPOSED TRANSACTION. 

Investors  and  security  holders  may  obtain  copies  of  these  documents  free  of  charge 
through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov or from Rayonier at its website, 
www.rayonier.com,  or  from  Pope  Resources  at  its  website,  www.poperesources.com. 
Documents  filed  with  the  SEC  by  Rayonier  will  be  available  free  of  charge  by  accessing 
Rayonier’s  website  at  www.rayonier.com  under  the  heading  Investor  Relations,  or, 
alternatively, by directing a request by telephone or mail to Rayonier at 1 Rayonier Way, 
Wildlight,  FL  32097,  and  documents  filed  with  the  SEC  by  Pope  Resources  will  be 
available free of charge by accessing Pope Resources’ website at www.poperesources.com 
under the heading Investor Relations or, alternatively, by directing a request by telephone 
or mail to Pope Resources at 19950 Seventh Avenue NE, Suite 200, Poulsbo, WA 98370.

Participants in the Solicitation
Rayonier  and  Pope  Resources  and  certain  of  their  respective  directors  and  executive 
officers  and  other  members  of  management  and  employees  may  be  deemed  to  be 
participants  in  the  solicitation  of  proxies  from  the  stockholders  of  Pope  Resources  in 
respect  of  the  proposed  transaction  under  the  rules  of  the  SEC.  Information  about 
Pope Resources’ directors and executive officers is available in Pope Resources’ Annual 
Report on Form 10-K and certain of its Current Reports on Form 8-K. Information about 
Rayonier’s  directors  and  executive  officers  is  available  in  Rayonier’s  proxy  statement 
dated  April  1,  2020  for  its  2020  Annual  Meeting  of  Stockholders,  and  certain  of  its 
Current Reports on Form 8-K. Other information regarding the participants in the proxy 
solicitation and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or 
otherwise, will be contained in the proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials 
to be filed with the SEC regarding the merger when they become available. Investors should 
read the proxy statement/prospectus carefully when it becomes available before making any 
voting  or  investment  decisions.  You  may  obtain  free  copies  of  these  documents  from 
Rayonier or Pope Resources using the sources indicated above. 

No Offer or Solicitation
This Report shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any 
securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, 
solicitation  or  sale  would  be  unlawful  prior  to  registration  or  qualification  under  the 
securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities shall be made except 
by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the U.S. Securities 
Act of 1933, as amended.

 
TMTM

FORM 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K 

(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 1-6780 

TM

RAYONIER INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Incorporated in the State of North Carolina 

I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 13-2607329 

1 RAYONIER WAY 
WILDLIGHT, FL 32097 
(Principal Executive Office)

Telephone Number: (904) 357-9100 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class

COMMON SHARES, NO PAR VALUE

Trading Symbol

RYN

Exchange

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes 

        No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.        

Yes 

       No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during 
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for 
the past 90 days.

Yes 

        No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation 
S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes 

       No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging 
growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 
of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

Non-accelerated Filer

Accelerated Filer 

Smaller Reporting Company

Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or 
revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes 

        No  

The aggregate market value of the Common Shares of the registrant held by non-affiliates at the close of business on June 30, 2019 was $3,904,678,995 
based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

As of February 14, 2020, there were outstanding 129,333,462 Common Shares of the registrant.

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the 2020 annual meeting of 
the shareholders of the registrant scheduled to be held May 14, 2020, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.

    
Page

1
13

20
21

23
23

24

26
29

46
48
105
105
105

106
106

106
106
106

107
107

Item

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.
4.

1.
1A.

1B.
2.

PART I
Business ..............................................................................................................................................
Risk Factors ........................................................................................................................................
Unresolved Staff Comments ................................................................................................................
Properties ............................................................................................................................................
Legal Proceedings ...............................................................................................................................
Mine Safety Disclosures ......................................................................................................................
PART II
Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities ..................................................................................................................................
6.
Selected Financial Data .......................................................................................................................
7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ................
7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ...............................................................
8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ..................................................................................
9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure ...............
9A.
Controls and Procedures .....................................................................................................................
9B. Other Information ................................................................................................................................

5.

PART III
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ...................................................................
Executive Compensation .....................................................................................................................
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters ................................................................................................................................................
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ....................................
Principal Accounting Fees and Services ..............................................................................................
PART IV
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules .............................................................................................
Form 10-K Summary ...........................................................................................................................

10.
11.
12.

13.
14.

15.
16.

i

PART I

When we refer to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “Rayonier,” we mean Rayonier Inc. and its consolidated 
subsidiaries. References herein to “Notes to Financial Statements” or “Note” refer to the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements of Rayonier Inc. included in Item 8 of this Report.

NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain  statements  in  this  document  regarding  anticipated  financial  outcomes,  including  Rayonier’s  earnings 
guidance,  if  any,  business  and  market  conditions,  outlook,  expected  dividend  rate,  business  strategies,  harvest 
schedules, timberland acquisitions, timberland sales, the anticipated benefits of Rayonier’s business strategies, and 
other similar statements relating to future events, developments, or financial or operational performance or results, 
are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform 
Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of words 
such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “anticipate” and other similar language. 
However, the absence of these or similar words or expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. 
While  management  believes  that  these  forward-looking  statements  are  reasonable  when  made,  forward-looking 
statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and undue reliance should not be placed on these 
statements. The risk factors contained in Item 1A — Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and similar 
discussions included in other reports that we subsequently file with the SEC, among others, could cause actual results 
or  events  to  differ  materially  from  the  Company’s  historical  experience  and  those  expressed  in  forward-looking 
statements made in this document.

Forward-looking statements are only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no duty to update 
its  forward-looking  statements  except  as  required  by  law.  You  are  advised,  however,  to  review  any  subsequent 
disclosures the Company makes on related subjects in its subsequent reports filed with the SEC. 

Item 1. 

BUSINESS

GENERAL

We are a leading timberland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with assets located in some of the most productive 
softwood timber growing regions in the U.S. and New Zealand. The focus of our business is to invest in timberlands 
and to actively manage them to provide current income and attractive long-term returns to our shareholders. As of 
December 31, 2019, we owned, leased or managed approximately 2.6 million acres of timberlands located in the U.S. 
South (1.84 million acres), U.S. Pacific Northwest (379,000 acres) and New Zealand (414,000 gross acres, or 295,000
net plantable acres). In addition, we engage in the trading of logs from New Zealand and Australia to Pacific Rim 
markets, primarily to support our New Zealand export operations. We have an added focus to maximize the value of 
our land portfolio by pursuing higher and better use (“HBU”) land sale opportunities.

We originated as the Rainier Pulp & Paper Company founded in Shelton, Washington in 1926. On June 27, 2014, 
Rayonier completed the tax-free spin-off of its Performance Fibers manufacturing business from its timberland and 
real estate operations, thereby becoming a “pure-play” timberland REIT.

Under our REIT structure, we are generally not required to pay U.S. federal income taxes on our earnings from 
timber harvest operations and other REIT-qualifying activities contingent upon meeting applicable distribution, income, 
asset, shareholder and other tests. As of December 31, 2019 and as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K, we believe the Company is in compliance with all REIT tests. See Note 10 — Income Taxes for further 
discussion of REIT and non-REIT qualifying operations.

Our shares are publicly traded on the NYSE under the symbol RYN. We are a North Carolina corporation with 

executive offices located at 1 Rayonier Way, Wildlight, Florida 32097. Our telephone number is (904) 357-9100.

1

OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

We  believe  that  we  distinguish  ourselves  from  other  timberland  owners  and  managers  through  the  following 

competitive strengths:

•

•

•

•

•

•

Leading Pure-Play Timberland REIT. We are differentiated from other publicly-traded timberland REITs in that
we are invested exclusively in timberlands and real estate and do not own any pulp, paper or wood products
manufacturing  assets.  We  are  the  largest  publicly-traded  “pure-play”  timberland  REIT,  which  provides  our
investors with a focused, large-scale timberland investment alternative without taking on the risks and volatility
inherent in direct ownership of forest products manufacturing assets.

Located in Premier Softwood Growing Regions with Access to Strong Markets. Our geographically diverse
timberland holdings are strategically located in core softwood producing regions, including the U.S. South,
U.S. Pacific Northwest and New Zealand. Our most significant timberland holdings are located in the U.S.
South, in close proximity to a variety of established pulp, paper and wood products manufacturing facilities,
which provide a steady source of competitive demand for both pulpwood and higher-value sawtimber products.
Our Pacific Northwest and New Zealand timberlands benefit from strong domestic sawmilling markets and are
located near ports to capitalize on export markets serving the Pacific Rim.

Sophisticated  Log  Marketing  Capabilities  Serving  Various  Pacific  Rim  Markets.  We  conduct  a  log  trading
operation based in New Zealand that serves timberland owners in New Zealand and Australia, providing access
to  key  export  markets  in  China,  South  Korea  and  India.  This  operation  provides  us  with  superior  market
intelligence  and  economies  of  scale,  both  of  which  add  value  to  our  New  Zealand  timber  portfolio.  It  also
provides additional market intelligence that helps our Southern and Pacific Northwest export log marketing
and contributes to the Company’s earnings and cash flows, with minimal investment.

Attractive Land Portfolio with HBU Potential. We own approximately 200,000 acres of timberlands located in
the vicinity of Interstate 95 primarily north of Daytona Beach, FL and south of Savannah, GA, some of which
have  the  potential  to  transition  to  HBU  over  time  as  market  conditions  support  increased  demand. These
properties  further  provide  us  with  select  opportunities  to  add  value  to  our  portfolio  through  real  estate
development activities, which we believe will allow us to periodically sell parcels of such land at favorable
valuations relative to timberland values through one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Dedicated  HBU  Platform  with  Established  Track  Record.  We  have  a  dedicated  HBU  platform  led  by  an
experienced team with an established track record of selling rural and development HBU properties across
our U.S. South holdings at strong premiums to timberland values. We maintain a detailed land classification
analysis of our portfolio, which allows us to identify the highest-value use of our lands and then capitalize on
identified  HBU  opportunities  through  strategies  uniquely  tailored  to  maximize  value,  including  selectively
pursuing land-use entitlements and infrastructure improvements.

Advantageous Structure and Capitalization. Under our REIT structure, we are generally not required to pay
federal income taxes on our earnings from timber harvest operations and other REIT-qualifying activities, which
allows us to optimize the value of our portfolio in a tax efficient manner. We also maintain a strong credit profile
and have an investment grade debt rating. As of December 31, 2019, our net debt to enterprise value was
19%.  We  believe  that  our  advantageous  REIT  structure  and  conservative  capitalization  provide  us  with  a
competitive cost of capital and significant financial flexibility to pursue growth initiatives.

2

OUR STRATEGY

Our business strategy consists of the following key elements:

• Manage our Timberlands on a Sustainable Yield Basis for Long-term Results. We generate recurring income
and cash flow from the harvest and sale of timber and intend to actively manage our timberlands to maximize
net present value over the long term by achieving an optimal balance among biological timber growth, generation
of cash flow from harvesting activities, and responsible environmental stewardship. Our harvesting strategy
is designed to produce a long-term, sustainable yield, although we may adjust harvest levels periodically in
response to then-current market conditions.

•

•

Apply Advanced Silviculture to Increase the Productivity of our Timberlands. We use our forestry expertise
and  disciplined  financial  approach  to  determine  the  appropriate  silviculture  programs  and  investments  to
maximize returns. This includes re-planting a significant portion of our harvested acres with improved seedlings
we  have  developed  through  decades  of  research  and  cultivation.  Over  time,  we  expect  these  improved
seedlings will result in higher volumes per acre and a higher value product mix.

Increase the Size and Quality of our Timberland Holdings through Acquisitions. We intend to selectively pursue
timberland  acquisition  opportunities  that  improve  the  average  productivity  of  our  timberland  holdings  and
support cash flow generation from our annual harvesting activities. We expect there will be an ample supply
of  attractive  timberlands  available  for  sale  as  a  result  of  anticipated  sales  from  a  number  of  Timberland
Investment Management Organizations (“TIMOs”). Our acquisition strategy employs a disciplined approach
with rigorous adherence to strategic and financial metrics. Generally, we expect to focus our acquisition efforts
on the most commercially desirable timber-producing regions of the U.S. South, the U.S. Pacific Northwest
and New Zealand, particularly on timberlands with a geographic distribution and age-class profile that are
complementary to our existing timberland holdings. We may also consider acquisition opportunities outside
of our existing operating areas where we anticipate favorable long-term market dynamics and financial returns.
We  acquired  69,000  acres  of  fee  timberland  in  2019,  26,000  acres  in  2018  and  90,000  acres  in  2017.
Additionally, we acquired leases or long-term forestry rights covering approximately 2,000 acres in 2019, 4,000
acres in 2018, and 19,000 acres in 2017.

• Optimize our Portfolio Value. We continuously assess potential alternative uses of our timberlands, as some
of our properties may become more valuable for development, residential, recreation or other purposes. We
intend to capitalize on such higher-valued uses by opportunistically monetizing HBU properties in our portfolio.
While the majority of our HBU sales involve rural and recreational land, we also selectively pursue various
land-use entitlements on certain properties for residential, commercial and industrial development in order to
fully realize the enhanced long-term value potential of such properties. For selected development properties,
we also invest in infrastructure improvements, such as roadways and utilities, to accelerate the marketability
and  improve  the  value  of  such  properties.  We  generally  expect  that  sales  of  HBU  property  will  comprise
approximately 1% to 2% of our Southern timberland holdings on an annual basis.

•

•

Focus on Timberland Operations to Support Cash Flow Generation. As described above, we rely primarily on
annual harvesting activities and ongoing sales of HBU properties to generate cash flow from our timberland
holdings. However, we also periodically generate income and cash flow from the sale of non-strategic and/or
non-HBU timberlands, in particular as we seek to optimize our portfolio by disposing of less desirable properties
or to fund capital allocation priorities, including share repurchases, debt repayment or acquisitions. Our strategy
is to limit reliance on planned sales of non-HBU timberlands to augment cash flow generation and instead rely
primarily on supporting cash flow from the operation, rather than sale, of our timberlands. We believe this
strategy will support the sustainability of our harvesting activities over the long term.

Promote Responsible Stewardship and Best-in-Class Disclosure. We are committed to responsible stewardship
and environmentally and economically sustainable forestry. As such, we are focused on continuing to develop
and  integrate  robust  environmental,  social  and  governance  (“ESG”)  policies  and  best  practices  within  our
business. We  further  intend  to  be  an  industry  leader  in  transparent  disclosure,  particularly  relating  to  our
timberland holdings, harvest schedules, inventory, age-class profiles and other meaningful data regarding our
long-term sustainability. We believe our continued commitment to transparency and the stewardship of our
assets and capital will allow us to maintain our timberlands’ productivity, more effectively attract and deploy
capital and enhance our reputation as a preferred timber industry supplier and employer.

3

SEGMENT INFORMATION 

Rayonier operates in five reportable business segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber, New Zealand 
Timber, Real Estate and Trading. See Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 
Results of Operations and Note 5 — Segment and Geographical Information for information on sales and operating 
income by reportable segment and geographic region.

TIMBER

The Company’s timber businesses are disaggregated into Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New 
Zealand Timber segments. Sales in the Timber segments include all activities related to the harvesting of timber in 
addition to lease and license activities, other non-timber activities and carbon credit sales.

DISCUSSION OF TIMBER INVENTORY AND SUSTAINABLE YIELD

We define gross timber inventory as an estimate of all standing timber volume beyond the specified age at which 
we commence calculating our timber inventory for inclusion in our inventory tracking systems. The age at which we 
commence calculating our timber inventory is 10 years for our Southern timberlands, 20 years for our Pacific Northwest 
timberlands, and 20 years for our New Zealand timberlands. Our estimate of gross timber inventory is based on an 
inventory system that involves periodic statistical sampling and growth modeling. Periodic adjustments are made on 
the  basis  of  growth  estimates,  harvest  information,  and  environmental  and  operational  restrictions.  Gross  timber 
inventory includes certain timber that we do not deem to be of a merchantable age as well as certain timber located 
in restricted, environmentally sensitive or economically inaccessible areas.

We define merchantable timber inventory as an estimate of timber volume beyond a specified age that approximates 
such  timber’s  earliest  economically  harvestable  age.  Our  estimate  includes  certain  timber  located  in  restricted  or 
environmentally sensitive areas based on an estimate of lawfully recoverable volumes from such areas. The estimate 
does not include volumes in restricted or environmentally sensitive areas that may not be lawfully harvested or volumes 
located in economically inaccessible areas. The merchantable age (i.e., the age at which timber moves from pre-
merchantable to merchantable) is 15 years for our Southern timberlands, with the exception of Oklahoma which is 17 
years, 35 years for our Pacific Northwest timberlands, and 20 years for radiata pine and 30 years for Douglas-fir in our 
New Zealand timberlands. Our estimated merchantable timber inventory changes over time as timber is harvested, 
as pre-merchantable timber transitions to merchantable timber, as existing merchantable timber inventory grows, as 
we acquire and sell timberland and as we periodically update our statistical sampling and growth and yield models. 
We estimate our merchantable timber inventory annually for purposes of calculating per unit depletion rates.

Timber inventory is generally measured and expressed in short green tons (SGT) in our Southern timberlands, in 
thousand board feet (MBF) or million board feet (MMBF) in our Pacific Northwest timberlands, and in cubic meters 
(m3) in our New Zealand timberlands. For conversion purposes, one MBF and one m3 is equal to approximately 8.0 
and  1.12  short  green  tons,  respectively.  For  comparison  purposes,  we  provide  inventory  estimates  for  our  Pacific 
Northwest and New Zealand timberlands in MBF and cubic meters, respectively, as well as in short green tons.

The following table sets forth the estimated volumes of merchantable timber inventory by location in short green 
tons as of September 30, 2019 for the South and Pacific Northwest and as of December 31, 2019 for New Zealand: 

(volumes in thousands of SGT)

Location
South ...................................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest .................................................................................................................
New Zealand .......................................................................................................................

Merchantable
Inventory (a)
67,742
7,120
16,350
91,212

%

74
8
18
100

(a) For all regions, depletion rate calculations for the upcoming year are based on estimated volumes of merchantable inventory at December 31,

2019.

4

 
We  define  sustainable  yield  as  the  average  harvest  level  that  can  be  sustained  into  perpetuity  based  on  our 
estimates of biological growth and the expected productivity resulting from our reforestation and silvicultural efforts. 
Our estimated sustainable yield may change over time based on changes in silvicultural techniques and resulting 
timber yields, changes in environmental laws and restrictions, changes in the statistical sampling and estimates of our 
merchantable timber inventory, acquisitions and dispositions of timberlands, the expiration or renewal of timberland 
leases, casualty losses, and other factors. Moreover, our harvest level in any given year may deviate from our estimated 
sustainable yield due to variations in the age class of our timberlands, the product mix of our harvest (i.e., pulpwood 
versus sawtimber), our deliberate acceleration or deferral of harvest in response to market conditions, our thinning 
activity (in which we periodically remove some smaller trees from a stand to enhance long-term sawtimber potential 
of the remaining timber), or other factors. We estimate sustainable yield for each of our Timber segments as of December 
31, 2019.

We manage our U.S. timberlands in accordance with the requirements of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (“SFI”) 
program. The timberland holdings of the New Zealand subsidiary are certified under the Forest Stewardship Council®
(“FSC”).  The  majority  of  our  New  Zealand  timberland  holdings  are  also  certified  under  the  Programme  for  the 
Endorsement of Forest Certification (“PEFC”). All programs are comprehensive systems of environmental principles, 
objectives and performance measures that combine the perpetual growing and harvesting of trees with the protection 
of wildlife, plants, soil and water quality. Through application of our site-specific silvicultural expertise and financial 
discipline, we manage timber in a way that is designed to optimize site preparation, tree species selection, competition 
control, fertilization, timing of thinning and final harvest. We also have a genetic seedling improvement program to 
enhance  the  productivity  and  quality  of  our  timberlands  and  overall  forest  health.  In  addition,  non-timber  income 
opportunities associated with our timberlands such as recreational licenses, as well as considerations for the future 
HBU of the land, are integral parts of our site-specific management philosophy. All of these activities are designed to 
maximize value while complying with SFI, FSC and PEFC requirements. 

5

SOUTHERN TIMBER

As  of  December 31,  2019,  our  Southern  timberlands  acreage  consisted  of  approximately  1.84  million  acres 
(including approximately 161,000 acres of leased lands) located in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, 
Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas. Approximately two-thirds of this land supports intensively managed 
plantations of predominantly loblolly and slash pine. The other one-third of this land is too wet to support pine plantations, 
but supports productive natural stands primarily consisting of natural pine and a variety of hardwood species. Rotation 
ages typically range from 21 to 28 years for pine plantations and from 35 to 60 years for natural stands. Key consumers 
of our timber include pulp, paper, wood products and biomass facilities. 

We estimate that the gross timber inventory and merchantable timber inventory of our Southern timberlands was 
85 million tons and 68 million tons, respectively, as of September 30, 2019. We estimate that the sustainable yield of 
our Southern timberlands, including both pine and hardwoods, is approximately 6.1 to 6.5 million tons annually. We 
expect that the average annual harvest volume of our Southern timberlands over the next five years (2020 to 2024) 
will be generally in line with our sustainable yield. For additional information, see Item 1 — Business — Discussion of 
Timber Inventory and Sustainable Yield and Item 1A — Risk Factors.

In 2019, we acquired approximately 60,000 acres of timberland in the Southern region. For additional information, 

see Note 3 — Timberland Acquisitions.

The following table provides a breakdown of our Southern timberlands acreage and timber inventory by product 
and age class as of September 30, 2019 (inventory volumes are estimated at December 31 to calculate a depletion 
rate for the upcoming year):

Acres
(000’s)

Pine
Pulpwood

Pine
Sawtimber

Hardwood
Pulpwood

Hardwood
Sawtimber

Total

(volumes in thousands of SGT)

Age Class

Pine Plantation

0 to 4 years (a) .......................................

5 to 9 years ............................................

10 to 14 years ........................................

15 to 19 years ........................................

20 to 24 years ........................................

25 to 29 years ........................................

30 + years ..............................................

224

192

220

255

185

62

42

Total Pine Plantation ................................

1,180

Natural Pine (Plantable) (b) ...................

Natural Mixed Pine/Hardwood (c) .........

Forested Acres and Gross Inventory ...

Plus: Non-Forested Acres (d) ..................

Gross Acres ...........................................

42

540

1,762

63

1,825

—

—

8,912

13,671

7,206

2,217

1,258

33,264

425

4,283

37,972

—

—

1,013

4,549

6,812

3,179

2,769

18,322

977

7,125

26,424

—

—

37

110

112

82

111

452

780

14,986

16,218

—

—

—

1

2

2

1

6

—

—

9,962

18,331

14,132

5,480

4,139

52,044

248

2,430

4,356

4,610

30,750

85,224

Less: Pre-Merchantable Age Class 
Inventory (e)

.................................................................................................................................................................

Less: Volume in Environmentally
Sensitive/Legally Restricted Areas ...............................................................................................................................

Merchantable Timber Inventory ................................................................................................................................

(10,092)

(7,390)

67,742

(a) 0 to 4 years includes clearcut acres not yet replanted.
(b) Consists of natural stands that are convertible into pine plantations once harvested.
(c) Consists of all non-plantable natural stands, including those that are in environmentally sensitive or economically inaccessible areas.
(d)
(e)

Includes roads, rights of way and all other non-forested areas.
Includes inventory that is less than 15 years old or less than 17 years old in Oklahoma.

6

PACIFIC NORTHWEST TIMBER

As of December 31, 2019, our Pacific Northwest timberlands consisted of approximately 379,000 acres located 
in Oregon and Washington, of which approximately 300,000 acres were designated as productive acres, meaning land 
that is capable of growing merchantable timber and where the harvesting of timber is not constrained by physical, 
environmental  or  regulatory  restrictions.  These  timberlands  primarily  comprise  second  and  third  rotation  western 
hemlock and Douglas-fir, as well as a small amount of other softwood species, such as western red cedar. A small 
percentage also consists of natural hardwood stands of predominantly red alder. In the Pacific Northwest, rotation 
ages typically range from 35 to 50 years. Our product mix in the Pacific Northwest is heavily weighted to sawtimber, 
which is sold to domestic wood products facilities as well as exported primarily to Pacific Rim markets.

We  estimate  that  the  gross  timber  inventory  and  merchantable  timber  inventory  of  our  Pacific  Northwest 
timberlands was 2,811 MMBF and 891 MMBF, respectively, as of September 30, 2019. We estimate that the sustainable 
yield of our Pacific Northwest timberlands is approximately 175 to 180 MMBF (or 1.4 million tons) annually. We expect 
that the average annual harvest volume of our Pacific Northwest timberlands over the next five years (2020 to 2024) 
will be modestly below our sustainable yield. For additional information, see Item 1 — Business — Discussion of Timber 
Inventory and Sustainable Yield and Item 1A — Risk Factors.

In 2019, we acquired approximately 2,000 acres of timberlands in the Pacific Northwest region. For additional 

information, see Note 3 — Timberland Acquisitions.

 The following table provides a breakdown of our Pacific Northwest timberlands acreage and timber inventory by 
product and age class as of September 30, 2019 (inventory volumes are estimated at December 31 to calculate a 
depletion rate for the upcoming year):

(volumes in MBF, except as noted)

Acres
(000’s)

Softwood
Pulpwood (e)

Softwood
Sawtimber (e)

Age Class
Commercial Forest
0 to 4 years (a) ..................................................................
5 to 9 years .......................................................................
10 to 14 years ...................................................................
15 to 19 years ...................................................................
20 to 24 years ...................................................................
25 to 29 years ...................................................................
30 to 34 years ...................................................................
35 to 39 years ...................................................................
40 to 44 years ...................................................................
45 to 49 years ...................................................................
50+ years ..........................................................................
Total Commercial Forest .....................................................
Non-Commercial Forest (b) ..............................................
Productive Forested Acres ..................................................
Restricted Forest (c) .........................................................
Total Forested Acres and Gross Inventory .....................
Plus: Non-Forested Acres (d) ..............................................
Gross Acres ......................................................................
Less: Pre-Merchantable Age Class Inventory ...................................................................................................
Less: Restricted Forest Inventory .....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Total Merchantable Timber
Conversion factor for MBF to SGT ...................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................
Total Merchantable Timber (thousands of SGT)

—
—
—
—
53,146
246,568
609,855
386,158
137,358
63,365
162,017
1,658,467
30,831

—
—
—
—
30,061
54,511
103,199
57,201
19,954
9,006
21,053
294,985
4,788

41
42
43
31
22
29
45
24
8
3
7
295
5
300
66
366
13
379

723,147
2,412,445

99,170
398,943

Total

—
—
—
—
83,207
301,079
713,054
443,359
157,312
72,371
183,070
1,953,452
35,619

822,317
2,811,388

(1,097,920)

(822,317)
891,151
7.99
7,120

(a) 0 to 4 years includes clearcut acres not yet replanted.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Includes non-commercial forests with limited productivity.
Includes significant portions of riparian management zones, legally restricted forests, and environmentally sensitive areas.
Includes roads, rights of way, and all other non-forested areas.
Includes a minor component of hardwood in red alder and other species.

7

NEW ZEALAND TIMBER

As of December 31, 2019, our New Zealand timberlands consisted of approximately 414,000 acres (including 
approximately 229,000 acres of leased lands), of which approximately 295,000 acres (including approximately 154,000 
acres of leased lands) were designated as productive or plantation acres, meaning land that is capable of growing 
merchantable timber and where the harvesting of timber is not constrained by physical, environmental or regulatory 
restrictions. The leased acres are generally leased through long-term arrangements including Crown Forest Licenses 
(“CFLs”), forestry rights and other leases. Our New Zealand timberlands serve a domestic sawmilling market and also 
export logs to Pacific Rim markets. 

Our New Zealand timber operations are conducted by Matariki Forestry Group, a joint venture with Stafford Capital 
Partners Limited. The Company maintains a controlling financial interest of 77% in the New Zealand subsidiary and, 
accordingly, consolidates the New Zealand subsidiary’s balance sheet and results of operations. The minority owner’s 
interest in the New Zealand subsidiary and its earnings are reported as noncontrolling interest in our financial statements. 
Rayonier’s  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Rayonier  New  Zealand  Limited  (“RNZ”),  serves  as  the  manager  of  the  New 
Zealand subsidiary. For additional information, see Note 8 — New Zealand Subsidiary.

We estimate that the gross timber inventory and merchantable timber inventory of our New Zealand timberlands 
were both 14.6 million cubic meters as of December 31, 2019. We estimate that the sustainable yield of our New 
Zealand timberlands is approximately 2.1 to 2.4 million cubic meters (or 2.4 to 2.7 million tons) annually. We expect 
that the average annual harvest volume of our New Zealand timberlands over the next five years (2020 to 2024) will 
be at the higher end of our sustainable yield range. For additional information, see Item 1 — Business — Discussion 
of Timber Inventory and Sustainable Yield and Item 1A — Risk Factors.

In 2019, we acquired approximately 9,000 acres of timberland (including approximately 2,000 acres of leased land) 

in New Zealand. For additional information, see Note 3 — Timberland Acquisitions.

The following table provides a breakdown of our New Zealand timberlands acreage and timber inventory by product 
and age class as of December 31, 2019 (inventory volumes at December 31 are used to calculate a depletion rate for 
the upcoming year):

(volumes in thousands of m3, except as noted)

Age Class

Radiata Pine

0 to 4 years (a) ............................................................................

5 to 9 years .................................................................................

10 to 14 years ..............................................................................

15 to 19 years ..............................................................................

20 to 24 years ..............................................................................

25 to 29 years ..............................................................................

30 + years ...................................................................................

Total Radiata Pine .......................................................................

Other (b) .......................................................................................

Forested Acres and Merchantable Timber Inventory ...............
Conversion factor for m3 to SGT ...................................................
Total Merchantable Timber (thousands of SGT) .......................
Plus: Non-Productive Acres (c) .....................................................

Gross Acres .................................................................................

(a) 0 to 4 years includes clearcut acres not yet replanted.
Includes primarily Douglas-fir age 30 and over.
(b)
Includes natural forest and other non-planted acres.
(c)

Acres (000’s)

Pulpwood

Sawtimber

Total

—

—

—

—

1,774

483

184

2,441

1,082

3,523

—

—

—

—

7,467

1,908

530

9,905

1,205

11,110

—

—

—

—

9,241

2,391

714

12,346

2,287

14,633

1.12

16,350

58

44

41

55

49

11

3

261

34

295

119

414

8

REAL ESTATE 

All of our U.S. and New Zealand land or leasehold sales, including HBU and non-HBU, are reported in our Real 

Estate segment. We report our Real Estate sales in five categories: 

•

•
•

•
•

Improved Development,

Unimproved Development,
Rural,

Timberlands & Non-Strategic, and
Large Dispositions.

The Improved Development category comprises properties sold for development for which Rayonier, through a 
taxable REIT subsidiary, has invested in site improvements such as infrastructure, roadways, utilities, amenities and/
or other improvements designed to enhance marketability and create parcels, pads and/or lots for sale. 

The Unimproved Development category comprises properties sold for development for which Rayonier has not 

invested in site improvements.

The  Rural  category  comprises  properties  sold  in  rural  markets  to  buyers  interested  in  the  property  for  rural 

residential, recreational or other higher and better use purposes. 

The Timberlands & Non-Strategic category includes U.S. and New Zealand: 1) sales of non-core timberlands that 
do not meet our strategic criteria, 2) sales of core timberlands for which we obtain attractive values, and 3) sales of 
properties to conservation interests that wish to preserve the land for habitat, public recreation, natural growth, buffer 
zones or other environmental purposes.

The Large Dispositions category includes sales of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a 
demonstrable  premium  relative  to  timberland  value.  Proceeds  from  Large  Dispositions  are  generally  used  to  fund 
capital allocation priorities, such as share repurchases, debt repayment or acquisitions. Sales designated as Large 
Dispositions are excluded from cash flow from operations and the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Cash Available 
for Distribution (“CAD”). See Item 7 — Performance and Liquidity Indicators for the definition of Adjusted EBITDA and 
CAD.

We maintain a detailed land classification analysis for all of our timberland and HBU acres. The vast majority of 
our HBU properties are managed as timberland and generate cash flow from timber operations prior to their sale or, 
in the case of Improved Development properties, prior to improvement.

TRADING

Our Trading segment primarily reflects log trading activities in New Zealand and Australia conducted by our 
New Zealand subsidiary. Our Trading segment complements the New Zealand Timber segment by providing added 
market intelligence, increasing the scale of export operations and achieving cost savings that directly benefit the New 
Zealand Timber segment. This additional market intelligence also benefits our Southern and Pacific Northwest export 
log  marketing  efforts.  Trading  activities  are  broadly  categorized  into  procured  logs,  managed  export  services  or 
marketing fees.

For procured logs, the New Zealand subsidiary buys logs directly from other forest owners at New Zealand ports 
and exports them in  its own  name. Income from this business is generated by achieving a sales margin over the 
purchase  price  of  the  procured  logs. The  New  Zealand  subsidiary,  through  the Trading  segment,  also  purchases 
standing timber from time to time, whereby it manages the harvest and sale of the logs for approximately one to three 
years. In these instances, the cost of standing timber is capitalized as a current asset on the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets and recognized as non-depletion cost of sales when sold. Revenue generated from procured log sales reflects 
the full sales price of the logs and is recorded as timber sales within the Trading segment. In 2019, Trading volume 
from procured logs was approximately 1.1 million tons. Of this volume, approximately 299,000 tons were sourced from 
outside New Zealand, primarily Australia. Approximately 770,000 tons were purchased directly from third parties in 
New Zealand, while the remaining 38,000 tons were harvested from stumpage purchases. Approximately 52% of third-
party purchases in New Zealand were purchased at spot prices, with the New Zealand subsidiary thereby assuming 
some price risk on subsequent resale. The remaining 48% were purchased on a fixed margin basis, with the New 
Zealand subsidiary earning either a fixed percentage of the net export revenue or a spread on the resale price irrespective 

9

 
of subsequent price fluctuations. The New Zealand subsidiary generally seeks to mitigate its risk of loss on procured 
logs by securing export orders prior to or concurrent with its spot purchases of logs. 

For managed export services, the New Zealand subsidiary does not take title to the log cargo but arranges sales, 
shipping and export documentation services for other forest owners for an agreed commission. Managed export service 
arrangements are primarily used for logs sourced from third parties outside of New Zealand. Revenue generated from 
managed export services reflects only the commission earned on the sale, as the New Zealand subsidiary does not 
take title to the logs. Managed export service revenue is recorded as non-timber sales within the Trading segment.

The Trading segment also generates income from commissions and logistical services provided through our log 

trading activities. This income is recorded in other operating (expense) income, net as log trading marketing fees.

FOREIGN SALES AND OPERATIONS

Sales from non-U.S. operations occur in our Real Estate, New Zealand Timber and Trading segments and comprised 
approximately 50% of consolidated 2019 sales. See Note 5 — Segment and Geographical Information for additional 
information.

COMPETITION

TIMBER

Timber  markets  in  our  Southern  and  Pacific  Northwest  regions  are  relatively  fragmented  with  price  being  the 
principal method of competition. In New Zealand, there are four other major private timberland owners accounting for 
approximately 32% of New Zealand planted forests.

The following table provides an overview of certain major competitors in each of our Timber segments: 

Segment

Southern Timber (a)

Pacific Northwest Timber (a)

Competitors

Weyerhaeuser Company

CatchMark Timber Trust

Hancock Timber Resource Group

Resource Management Service

Forest Investment Associates

Campbell Global

Weyerhaeuser Company

Hancock Timber Resource Group

Green Diamond Resource Company

Campbell Global

Port Blakely Tree Farms

Pope Resources

State of Washington Department of Natural Resources

Bureau of Indian Affairs

New Zealand (b)

Hancock Natural Resource Group

Kaingaroa Timberlands

Ernslaw One

OneFortyOne Plantations

In addition to the competitors listed, we also compete with numerous other large and small privately held timber companies.

(a)
(b) The New Zealand subsidiary competes with these and other smaller New Zealand timber companies for supply into New Zealand domestic
and export markets, predominantly China, South Korea and India. Logs supplied into Asian markets also compete with export supply from
other regions, including Europe, North America and Australia.

10

 
 
REAL ESTATE

In our Real Estate business, we compete with other owners of entitled and unentitled properties. Each property 
has unique attributes, but overall quantity of supply and price for residential, commercial, industrial and rural properties 
in the geographic areas in which we operate are the most significant competitive drivers. 

TRADING

Our log trading operations are based out of New Zealand and performed by our New Zealand subsidiary. The New 
Zealand market remains very competitive with over 20 entities competing for export log supply at different ports across 
the country. We are one of the larger log trading companies in the region with access to multiple export ports and a 
range of different export markets.

CUSTOMERS

In 2019, no individual customer (or group of customers under common control) represented 10% or more of 2019

consolidated sales. 

SEASONALITY

Across all our segments, results are normally not impacted significantly by seasonal changes. However, significant 
wet weather in areas of our Southern Timber operations can hinder access for harvesting, thereby temporarily reducing 
supply in the affected areas and generally strengthening prices. Conversely, extended dry weather in an area tends 
to suppress prices as timber is more accessible for harvesting.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

See Item 1A — Risk Factors.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The research and development activities of our timber operations include genetic seedling improvement, growth 
and yield modeling, and applied silvicultural programs to identify management practices that will improve financial 
returns  from  our  timberlands.  We  also  contribute  to  research  cooperatives  that  undertake  forestry  research  and 
development.

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

David L. Nunes, 58, Mr. Nunes joined the Company in June 2014 as Chief Operating Officer, and shortly thereafter 
assumed the role of President and CEO following the Company’s spin-off of its Performance Fibers business. Prior to 
joining the Company, Mr. Nunes served as President and CEO of Pope Resources/Olympic Resource Management 
from 2002 to 2014. He joined Pope in 1997 as director of portfolio management. The following year, he was named 
Vice President of portfolio development, and then served two years as Senior Vice President of acquisitions and portfolio 
development  before  being  named  President  and  COO  in  2000.  Previously,  Mr.  Nunes  spent  nine  years  with  the 
Weyerhaeuser Company, joining the organization in 1988 as a business analyst and advancing through a number of 
leadership roles to become director of corporate strategic planning.  Mr. Nunes holds a Bachelors of Arts and Economics 
from Pomona College and an MBA from the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University.

Mark D. McHugh, 44, Mr. McHugh was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in December 
2014. He was previously Managing Director in the Real Estate Investment Banking group at Raymond James, where 
he worked since 2008. Prior to joining Raymond James, Mr. McHugh was a Director in the Paper & Forest Products 
Group within the Investment Banking Division at Credit Suisse, where he worked from 2000 to 2008. Mr. McHugh 
received his B.S.B.A. in Finance from the University of Central Florida and his JD from Harvard Law School.

11

Douglas M. Long, 49, Mr. Long currently serves as Senior Vice President, Forest Resources. Previously, he served 
as Vice President, U.S. Operations from November 2014 to December 2015 and as Director, Atlantic Region, U.S. 
Forest Resources from March 2014 to November 2014. He joined the Company in 1995 as a GIS Forestry Analyst 
and has held multiple positions of increasing responsibility within the forestry division. Mr. Long holds bachelor’s and 
master’s degrees in Forest Resources and Conservation from the University of Florida.

Christopher T. Corr, 56, Mr. Corr joined the Company in July 2013 and currently serves as Senior Vice President, 
Real Estate Development and President, Raydient LLC. Prior to joining Rayonier, he served as Executive Vice President, 
Buildings and Places for AECOM from 2008 to 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Corr held various positions with The St. Joe 
Company between 1998 and 2008, most recently as Executive Vice President. From 1992 to 1998, Mr. Corr was a 
senior manager with The Walt Disney Company, where he was a key member of the team that developed the visionary 
town of Celebration near Orlando, Florida. From 1990-1992, Mr. Corr served as an elected member of the Florida 
House  of  Representatives.  He  holds  a  Bachelor  of Arts  degree  from  the  University  of  Florida  and  has  completed 
programs with the Harvard Real Estate Institute and the Wharton School of Business at University of Pennsylvania.

Mark R. Bridwell, 57, Mr. Bridwell was promoted to Vice President and General Counsel in June 2014 and assumed 
the role of Corporate Secretary in March 2015. He joined the Company in 2006 as Associate General Counsel for 
Performance Fibers. In 2009, he became Associate General Counsel for Timber and Real Estate and in 2012 was 
promoted to Assistant General Counsel for Land Resources. Prior to joining Rayonier, Mr. Bridwell served as counsel 
for six years at Siemens Corporation. Previously, he was an attorney for five years with the international law firms of 
Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue and Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather & Geraldson. Mr. Bridwell has a B.S.B.A. in Finance 
from the University of Central Florida, and an MBA and JD from Emory University.

Shelby L. Pyatt, 49, Ms. Pyatt was named Vice President, Human Resources and Information Technology in July 
2014.  Ms. Pyatt  joined  Rayonier  in  2003  as  Manager,  Compensation  and  became  Director,  Compensation  and 
Employee Services in 2006. She was named Director, Compensation, Benefits and Employee Services in 2009 before 
being promoted to her current position. Prior to joining Rayonier, Ms. Pyatt held human resources positions with CSX 
Corporation and Barnett Bank. Ms. Pyatt holds a bachelor’s degree in Business Management.

W. Rhett Rogers, 43, Mr. Rogers was appointed to Vice President, Portfolio Management in February 2017. Mr. Rogers
oversees the Company’s acquisition and disposition activities, including HBU and non-strategic land sales, as well as
its land information systems function. He joined Rayonier in 2001 as a District Technical Forester, and has held numerous
roles of increasing responsibility, most recently as Director, Land Asset Management before being promoted to his
current position. Mr. Rogers holds a BS in Forestry from Louisiana Tech University, and both an MBA and MS in Forest
Resources from Mississippi State University.

April J. Tice, 46, Ms. Tice was promoted to Vice President, Financial Services and Corporate Controller in March 
2019. In this position, she acts as the Company’s principal accounting officer. She joined Rayonier in 2010 and has 
worked in various roles within the finance and financial reporting departments since that time. She previously served 
as Director, Financial Services and Corporate Controller before being promoted to her current position. Prior to joining 
Rayonier, Ms. Tice served in various accounting and/or audit roles at Deloitte & Touche, the State of Florida and two 
private companies located in Florida. Ms. Tice holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Florida State University and a Master 
of Accountancy with a tax concentration from the University of North Florida. Ms. Tice is a Certified Public Accountant 
in the State of Florida.

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS

We  employ  353  people,  of  which  260  are  in  the  United  States.  We  believe  relations  with  our  employees  are 

satisfactory.

AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS AND OTHER INFORMATION

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements 
and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 14 of the Securities Exchange Act 
of  1934  are  made  available  to  the  public  free  of  charge  in  the  Investor  Relations  section  of  our  website, 
www.rayonier.com, shortly after we electronically file such material with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange 
Commission (“SEC”). Our corporate governance guidelines and charters of all committees of our board of directors 
are also available on our website. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.

12

Item 1A.  RISK FACTORS

Our operations are subject to a number of risks. When considering an investment in our securities, you should 
carefully read and consider these risks, together with all other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any 
of the events described in the following risk factors actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results, 
as well as the market price of our securities, could be materially adversely affected.

We are exposed to the cyclicality of the markets in which we operate and other factors beyond our control, 
which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Some of the industries in which our end-use customers participate, such as the construction and home building 
industries, the global pulp, packaging and paper industries and the real estate industry, are cyclical in nature, exposing 
us to risks beyond our control, including general macroeconomic conditions, both in the U.S. and globally, as well as 
local economic conditions.

In our Timber segments, the level of residential construction activity, including home repair and remodeling activity, 
is the primary driver of sawtimber demand. In addition, demand for logs can be affected by the demand for wood chips 
in the pulp and paper and engineered wood products markets, as well as the bio-energy production markets. The 
ongoing level of activity in these markets is subject to fluctuation due to future changes in economic conditions, interest 
rates,  credit  availability,  population  growth,  weather  conditions  and  other  factors.  Changes  in  global  economic 
conditions, such as new timber supply sources and changes in currency exchange rates, foreign interest rates and 
foreign  and  domestic  trade  policies,  can  also  negatively  impact  demand  for  our  timber  and  logs.  In  addition,  the 
industries in which our customers participate are highly competitive and may experience overcapacity or reductions 
in demand, all of which may affect demand for and pricing of our products. 

In our Real Estate segment, our inability to sell our HBU properties at attractive prices could have a significant 
effect on our results of operations. Demand for real estate can be affected by the availability of capital, changes in 
interest rates, availability and terms of financing, changes in governmental agencies, changes in developer confidence, 
actions  by  conservation  organizations,  actions  by  anti-development  organizations,  our  ability  to  obtain  land  use 
entitlements and other permits necessary for our development activities, local real estate market economic conditions, 
competition from other sellers of land and real estate developers, the relative illiquidity of real estate investments, 
employment rates, new housing starts, population growth, demographics and federal, state and local land use, zoning 
and environmental protection laws or regulations (including any changes in laws or regulations). In addition, changes 
in investor interest in purchasing timberlands could reduce our ability to execute sales of non-strategic timberlands.

These macroeconomic and cyclical factors impacting our operations are beyond our control and, if such conditions 

deteriorate, could have an adverse effect on our business.

Weather and other natural conditions may limit our timber harvest and sales.

Weather conditions, changes in timber growth cycles, limitations on access (for example, due to prolonged wet 
conditions) and other factors, including damage by fire, insect infestation, disease, prolonged drought and natural 
disasters such as wind storms and hurricanes, may limit harvesting of our timberlands. The volume and value of timber 
that can be harvested from our timberlands may be reduced by any such occurrence and other causes beyond our 
control. As is typical in the forestry industry, we do not maintain insurance for any loss to our timber, including losses 
due to fire and these other causes. These and other factors beyond our control could reduce our timber inventory and 
our sustainable yield, thereby adversely affecting our financial results and cash flows.

We are subject to various risks related to the proposed merger transaction with Pope Resources.

As described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company has entered into a definitive merger 
agreement  (the  “Merger Agreement”)  with  Pope  Resources, A  Delaware  Limited  Partnership  (“Pope  Resources”) 
pursuant to which the Company will acquire Pope Resources for consideration consisting of a mix of cash and equity. 
The risks, contingencies and other uncertainties that could result in the failure of the transactions anticipated in the 
Merger Agreement (the “Proposed Merger Transactions”) to be completed or, if completed, that could have a material 
adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flows and financial position of the Company following the Proposed 
Merger Transactions, and any anticipated benefits of the Proposed Merger Transactions to the Company, include:

•

the failure to obtain necessary regulatory or other approvals of the Proposed Merger Transactions, which could
result in a material delay in, or the abandonment of, the Proposed Merger Transactions or otherwise have a
material  adverse  effect  on  Rayonier  or  Pope  Resources,  or  if  obtained,  the  possibility  of  Rayonier  being

13

subjected to conditions that could reduce or delay the expected cost savings and other benefits of the Proposed 
Merger Transactions;

the  failure  to  obtain  necessary  Pope  Resources  limited  partnership  unitholder  and  general  partnership
stockholder approvals of the Proposed Merger Transactions;

the obligation of Rayonier to complete the Proposed Merger Transactions even if financing is not available or
is available only on terms other than those currently anticipated;

the failure to satisfy required closing conditions or complete the Proposed Merger Transactions in a timely
manner or at all;

the effect of the announcement of the Proposed Merger Transactions on each company’s ability to retain and
hire key personnel, maintain business relationships, and on operating results and business generally;

the risk that the Company may not be able to maintain its investment grade rating;

the potential impact of the Proposed Merger Transactions on the stock price of the Company, and the dividends
expected to be paid to Company stockholders in the future;

the failure to realize projected cost savings and other benefits from the Proposed Merger Transactions;

the incurrence of significant pre- and post-transaction related costs in connection with the Proposed Merger
Transactions that are, and will be, incurred regardless of whether the Proposed Merger Transactioons are
completed; and

the occurrence of any event giving rise to the right of a party to terminate the Merger Agreement.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Entitlement and development of real estate entail a lengthy, uncertain and costly approval process, which 
could adversely affect our ability to grow the businesses in our Real Estate segment.

Entitlement  and  development  of  real  estate  entail  extensive  approval  processes  involving  multiple  regulatory 
jurisdictions. It is common for a project to require multiple approvals, permits and consents from U.S. federal, state 
and local governing and regulatory bodies. For example, in Florida, real estate projects must generally comply with 
the provisions of the Community Planning Act and local land use, zoning and development regulations. In addition, 
development projects in Florida that exceed certain specified regulatory thresholds (and are not located in a jurisdiction 
classified  as  a  dense  urban  land  area  or  otherwise  statutorily  exempt)  may  require  approval  pursuant  to  the 
Comprehensive Plan process standards. Compliance with these and other regulations and standards is more time 
intensive and costly and may require additional long range infrastructure review and approvals, which can add to 
project cost. In addition, development of properties containing delineated wetlands may be affected by revisions to 
the definition of wetlands subject to state and/or federal regulation and may require one or more permits from the U.S. 
federal government and/or state and local governmental agencies. Any of these issues can materially affect the cost, 
timing and economic viability of our real estate projects.

The real estate entitlement process is frequently a political one, which involves uncertainty and often extensive 
negotiation and concessions in order to secure and maintain the necessary approvals and permits. In the U.S., a 
significant amount of our development property is located in jurisdictions in which local governments face challenging 
issues relating to growth and development, including zoning and future land use, public services, water availability, 
transportation and other infrastructure, and funding for same, and the requirements of state law, especially in the case 
of Florida under the Community Planning Act process standards. In addition, anti-development groups are active, 
especially in Florida, in filing litigation to oppose particular entitlement activities and development projects, and in 
seeking legislation and other anti-development limitations on real estate development activities. We expect this type 
of anti-development activity to continue in the future.

Entitlement  and  development  of  real  estate  are  also  subject  to  lengthy,  uncertain  and  costly  implementation 
processes. Real estate development requires adequate soil and land conditions, water resources, access and utility 
infrastructure,  labor  force,  and  weather  conditions.  Requirements  for  these  items  may  vary  depending  upon  the 
contemplated development of the land for residential, commercial or industrial users, and may change from time to 

14

time, including from the period of entitlement to the delivery of a developed property. Large-scale developments may 
involve commitments from government agencies or third parties related to the delivery of infrastructure improvements 
(such as roads, bridges, sidewalks, water, sewer and other utilities), the certainty and timing of which are outside of 
our control. An adverse change in any of these items could materially affect the cost, timing and economic viability of 
our real estate projects.

Changes in the laws, or interpretation or enforcement thereof, regarding the use and development of real estate, 
changes in the political composition of state and local governmental bodies, and the identification of new facts regarding 
our  properties  could  lead  to  new  or  greater  costs,  delays  and  liabilities  that  could  materially  adversely  affect  our 
business, profitability or financial condition.

Changes in energy and fuel costs could affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Energy costs are a significant operating expense for our logging and hauling contractors and for the contractors 
who support the customers of our standing timber. Energy costs can be volatile and are susceptible  to rapid and 
substantial increases or decreases due to factors beyond our control, such as changing economic conditions, changing 
environmental  regulations,  political  unrest,  instability  in  energy-producing  nations,  and  supply  and  demand 
considerations.  Increases  in  the  price  of  oil  could  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. In addition, an increase in fuel costs, and its impact on the cost and availability of transportation for our 
products,  both  domestically  and  internationally,  and  the  cost  and  availability  of  third-party  logging  and  hauling 
contractors, could have a material adverse effect on the operating costs of our contractors and our standing timber 
customers, as well as in defining economically accessible timber stands. Such factors could in turn have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly in our Timber segments and 
Trading segment.

We depend on third parties for logging and transportation services and increases in the costs or decreases 
in the availability of quality service providers could adversely affect our business.

Our Timber segments depend on logging and transportation services provided by third parties, both domestically 
and internationally, including by railroad, trucks, or ships. If any of our transportation providers were to fail to deliver 
timber supply or logs to our customers in a timely manner, or were to damage timber supply or logs during transport, 
we may be unable to sell it at full value, or at all. During the global financial crisis and subsequent downturn in U.S. 
housing starts, timber harvest volumes declined significantly. As a result, many logging contractors, particularly cable 
logging operators in the western U.S., permanently shut down their operations. As harvest levels have returned to 
higher levels with the recovery in U.S. housing starts, this shortage of logging contractors has resulted in sharp increases 
in logging costs and more limited availability of logging contractors. It is expected that the supply of qualified logging 
contractors will be impacted by the availability of debt financing for equipment purchases as well as the availability of 
adequately trained loggers. As housing starts continue to recover, harvest levels are expected to increase, placing 
more pressure on the existing supply of logging contractors. Any significant failure or unavailability of third-party logging 
or transportation providers, or increases in transportation rates or fuel costs, may result in higher logging costs or the 
inability to capitalize on stronger log prices to the extent logging contractors cannot be secured at a competitive cost. 
Such events could harm our reputation, negatively affect our customer relationships and adversely affect our business.

We are subject to risks associated with doing business outside of the U.S.

Although the majority of our customers are in the U.S., a significant portion of our sales are to end markets outside 
of the U.S., including China, South Korea, Japan, India, and New Zealand. The export of our products into international 
markets results in risks inherent in conducting business pursuant to international laws, regulations and customs. We 
expect that international  sales  will continue to contribute to future growth. The risks associated with our business 
outside the U.S. include:

•

•

•

changes in and reinterpretations of the laws, regulations and enforcement priorities of the countries in which
our products are sold;

responsibility to comply with anti-bribery laws such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-
bribery laws in other jurisdictions;

trade protection laws, policies and measures and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment,
including loss or modification of exemptions for taxes and tariffs, imposition of new tariffs and duties and import
and export licensing requirements;

15

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

continuing negative impacts from the imposition and/or threatened imposition of substantial tariffs on forest
products imports into China in connection with current trade tensions between China and the U.S.;

business disruptions arising from public health crises and outbreaks of communicable diseases, especially in
China, including the recent outbreak of the virus known as the coronavirus;

difficulty in establishing, staffing and managing non-U.S. operations;

product damage or losses incurred during shipping;

potentially negative consequences from changes in or interpretations of tax laws;

economic or political instability, inflation, recessions and interest rate and exchange rate fluctuations;

uncertainties regarding non-U.S. judicial systems, rules and procedures; and

uncertainties regarding trade policies implemented and/or under consideration by the current U.S. presidential
administration.

These risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our estimates of timber inventories and growth rates may be inaccurate, which could impair our ability to 
realize expected revenues.

We rely upon estimates of merchantable timber inventories (which include judgments regarding inventories that 
may be lawfully and economically harvested), timber growth rates and end-product yields when acquiring and managing 
working forests. These estimates, which are inherently inexact and uncertain in nature, are central to forecasting our 
anticipated timber revenues and expected cash flows. Growth rates and end-product yield estimates are developed 
using  statistical  sampling,  harvest  results  and  growth  and  yield  modeling,  in  conjunction  with  industry  research 
cooperatives and by in-house forest biometricians, using measurements of trees in research plots spread across our 
timberland holdings. The growth equations predict the rate of height and diameter growth of trees so that foresters 
can estimate the volume of timber that may be present in a tree stand at a given age. Tree growth varies by species, 
soil type, geographic area, and climate. Errors in or inappropriate application of growth equations in forest management 
planning may lead to inaccurate estimates of future volumes. If the assumptions we rely upon change or these estimates 
are inaccurate, our ability to manage our timberlands in a sustainable or profitable manner may be diminished, which 
may cause our results of operations and our stock price to be adversely affected.

Our businesses are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations that may restrict or adversely 
affect our ability to conduct our business.

Environmental laws and regulations are constantly changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. Laws, 
regulations and related judicial decisions and administrative interpretations affecting our business are subject to change, 
and new laws and regulations are frequently enacted. These changes may adversely affect our ability to harvest and 
sell timber, remediate contaminated properties and/or entitle real estate. These laws and regulations may relate to, 
among other things, the protection of timberlands and endangered species, recreation and aesthetics, protection and 
restoration  of  natural  resources,  surface  water  quality,  timber  harvesting  practices,  and  remedial  standards  for 
contaminated property and groundwater. Over time, the complexity and stringency of these laws and regulations have 
increased and the enforcement of these laws and regulations has intensified. For example, the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (“EPA”) has pursued a number of initiatives that, if implemented, could impose additional operational 
and pollution control obligations on industrial facilities like those of Rayonier’s customers, especially in the area of air 
emissions and wastewater and stormwater control. In addition, as a result of certain judicial rulings and state and 
federal initiatives, including some that would require timberland operators to obtain permits to conduct certain ordinary 
course forestry activities, silvicultural practices on our timberlands could be impacted in the future. Environmental laws 
and regulations  will likely  continue to become more restrictive and over time could adversely affect our business, 
financial condition and results of operations.

If regulatory and environmental permits are delayed, restricted or rejected, a variety of our operations could be 
adversely affected. We are required to seek permission from government agencies in the states and countries in which 
we operate to perform certain activities related to our properties. Any of these agencies could delay review of, or reject, 
any of our filings. In our Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New Zealand Timber segments, any delay 
associated with a filing could result in a delay or restriction in replanting, thinning, insect control, fire control or harvesting, 
any of which could have an adverse effect on our operating results. For example, in Washington State, we are required 

16

to file a Forest Practice Application for each unit of timberland to be harvested. These applications may be denied, 
conditioned or restricted by the regulatory agency. Actions by the regulatory agencies could delay or restrict timber 
harvest activities pursuant to these permits. Delays or harvest restrictions on a significant number of applications could 
have an adverse effect on our operating results. 

Environmental groups and interested individuals may seek to delay or prevent a variety of operations. We expect 
that environmental groups and interested individuals will intervene with increasing frequency in the regulatory processes 
in  the  states  and  countries  where  we  own,  lease  or  manage  timberlands.  For  example,  in  Washington  State, 
environmental groups and interested individuals may appeal individual forest practice applications or file petitions with 
the Forest Practices Board to challenge the regulations under which forest practices are approved. These and other 
challenges could materially delay or prevent operations on our properties. For example, interveners at times may bring 
legal  action  in  Florida  in  opposition  to  entitlement  and  change  of  use  of  timberlands  to  commercial,  industrial  or 
residential use. Delays or restrictions due to the intervention of environmental groups or interested individuals could 
adversely affect our operating results. In addition to intervention in regulatory proceedings, interested groups and 
individuals may file or threaten to file lawsuits that seek to prevent us from obtaining permits, implementing capital 
improvements or pursuing operating plans. Any threatened or actual lawsuit could delay harvesting on our timberlands, 
affect how we operate or limit our ability to modify or invest in our real estate. Among the remedies that could be 
enforced in a lawsuit is a judgment preventing or restricting harvesting on a portion of our timberlands.

Third-party operators may create environmental liabilities. We lease and/or grant easements across some of our 
properties to third-party operators for the purpose of operating communications towers, generating renewable energy 
(wind and solar), operating pipelines for the transport of gases and liquids, and exploring, extracting, developing and 
producing oil, gas, rock and other minerals. These activities are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations. 
These operations may also create risk of environmental liabilities for an unlawful discharge of oil, gas, chemicals or 
other materials into the air, soil or water. Generally, these third-party operators indemnify us against any such liability, 
and we require that they maintain liability insurance to the extent practical to do so. However, if for any reason our 
third-party operators are not able to honor their obligations to us, or if insurance is not in effect, then it is possible that 
we could be responsible for costs associated with environmental liabilities caused by such third-party operators.

The impact of existing regulatory restrictions on future harvesting activities may be significant. U.S. federal, state 
and local laws and regulations, as well as those of other countries, which are intended to protect threatened and 
endangered species, as well as waterways and wetlands, limit and may prevent timber harvesting, road building and 
other activities on our timberlands. Restrictions relating to threatened and endangered species apply to activities that 
would adversely impact a protected species or significantly degrade its habitat. The size of the restricted area varies 
depending on the protected species, the time of year and other factors, but can range from less than one acre to 
several thousand acres. A number of species that naturally live on or near our timberlands, including, among others, 
the northern spotted owl, marbled murrelet, several species of salmon and trout in the Pacific Northwest, and the red 
cockaded woodpecker, red hills salamander, Louisiana pine snake and eastern indigo snake in the Southeast, are 
protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act (the “ESA”) or similar U.S. federal and state laws. A significant 
number of other species, such as the southeastern gopher tortoise are currently under review for possible protection 
under the ESA. As we gain additional information regarding the presence of threatened or endangered species on our 
timberlands, or if other regulations, such as those that require buffers to protect water bodies, become more restrictive, 
the amount of our timberlands subject to harvest restrictions could increase.

We formerly owned or operated or may own or acquire timberlands or properties that may require environmental 
remediation or otherwise be subject to environmental and other liabilities. We owned or operated manufacturing facilities 
and discontinued operations that we do not currently own, and we may currently own or may acquire timberlands and 
other properties in the future that are subject to environmental liabilities, such as remediation of soil, sediment and 
groundwater contamination and other existing or potential liabilities. In connection with the spin-off of our Performance 
Fibers  business,  and  pursuant  to  the  related  Separation  and  Distribution Agreement  between  us  and  Rayonier 
Advanced Materials, Rayonier Advanced Materials has assumed any environmental liability of ours in connection with 
the manufacturing facilities and discontinued operations related to the Performance Fibers business and has agreed 
to indemnify and hold us harmless in connection with such environmental liabilities. However, in the event we seek 
indemnification from Rayonier Advanced Materials, we cannot provide any assurance that a court will enforce our 
indemnification right if challenged by Rayonier Advanced Materials or that Rayonier Advanced Materials will be able 
to fund any amounts for indemnification owed to us. In addition, the cost of investigation and remediation of contaminated 
timberlands and properties that we currently own or acquire in the future could increase operating costs and adversely 
affect financial results. We could also incur substantial costs, such as civil or criminal fines, sanctions and enforcement 
actions  (including  orders  limiting  our  operations  or  requiring  corrective  measures,  installation  of  pollution  control 

17

equipment or other remedial actions), clean-up and closure costs, and third-party claims for property damage and 
personal  injury  as  a  result  of  violations  of,  or  liabilities  under,  environmental  laws  and  regulations  related  to  such 
timberlands or properties.

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and we compete with companies that have substantially 
greater financial resources than we do in each of these businesses. The competitive pressures relating to our Timber 
segments are primarily driven by quantity of product supply and quality of the timber offered by competitors in the 
domestic and export markets, each of which may impact pricing. With respect to our Real Estate segment, we compete 
with other owners of entitled and unentitled properties. Each property has unique attributes, but overall quantity of 
supply and price for residential, commercial, industrial and rural properties in the geographic areas in which we operate 
are the most significant competitive drivers. The markets in which our Trading segment operates are very competitive 
with numerous entities competing for export log supply at different ports across New Zealand.

Our strategy will be adversely affected if we are unable to make future acquisitions.

We have pursued, and intend to continue to pursue, acquisitions of timberland and real estate properties that meet 
our investment criteria and achieve our strategic goals of growing the size and average quality of our land base. The 
ability to grow through acquisitions or other investments depends upon our ability to identify, negotiate, complete and 
integrate suitable acquisitions or joint venture arrangements. In addition, the discount rate we use in our acquisition 
underwriting has to meet our internal hurdle rate while also being competitive with that of other timberland investors. 
In particular, our future success and growth depend upon our ability to make acquisitions that increase merchantable 
timber inventory and complement the existing age-class structure of our ownership. If we are unable to make acquisitions 
on acceptable terms or that do not support our strategic goals, our revenues and cash flows may stagnate or decline.

Our  inability  to  access  the  capital  markets  could  adversely  affect  our  business  strategy  and  competitive 
position.

Due to the REIT income distribution requirements, we rely significantly on external sources of capital to finance 
growth and acquisitions. Both our ability to obtain financing and the related cost of capital are affected by a number 
of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including a decline in general market conditions, decreased market 
liquidity, a downgrade to our public debt rating, increases in interest rates, an unfavorable market perception of our 
growth potential, a decrease in our current or estimated future earnings or a decrease in the market price of our common 
stock. If capital is not available when needed, or is available only on unfavorable terms relative to other timberland 
REITs or TIMOs, or not at all, we may be unable to complete acquisitions or otherwise take advantage of business 
opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. As of December 31, 2019, our credit ratings from S&P and Moody’s 
Investors  Service  (Moody’s)  were  BBB-  and  Baa3,  respectively. Any  combination  of  the  factors  described  above, 
including our failure to maintain our investment grade credit rating, could prevent us from obtaining the capital we 
require on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which could adversely affect our business, liquidity and competitive 
position. 

We are subject to risks associated with an increase in market interest rates.

  One of the factors that may influence the price of our common shares is our annual dividend yield as compared 
to yields on other financial instruments. Thus, an increase in market interest rates could result in higher yields on other 
financial instruments and could adversely affect the relative attractiveness of an investment in the Company and, 
accordingly, the trading price of our common shares. An increase in market interest rates could cause increases in 
discount rates and, accordingly, a decline in property values and total returns for timberland assets. An increase in 
market interest rates would also negatively impact financing costs on our floating rate debt as well as any additional 
debt we may raise.

We are subject to risks associated with the discontinuation of LIBOR.

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced in 2017 that it intends to phase out the London Interbank Offered 
Rate (“LIBOR”) by the end of 2021. Changes in the method of calculating LIBOR, or the replacement of LIBOR with 
an alternative rate or benchmark, may adversely affect interest rates and could result in higher borrowing costs. In 
addition, if changes are made to the method of calculating LIBOR or LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to amend 
certain contracts, including our credit facility and swap arrangements, and we cannot predict what alternative rate or 
benchmark would be negotiated. This may also result in an increase in our interest rate expense. 

18

 
The impacts of climate-related initiatives, at the international, U.S. federal and state levels, remain uncertain 
at this time.

There continue to be numerous international, U.S. federal and state-level initiatives and proposals to address 
domestic and global climate issues. Within the U.S., most of these proposals would regulate and/or tax the production 
of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gases” to facilitate the reduction of carbon compound emissions into the 
atmosphere, and provide tax and other incentives to produce and use “cleaner” energy.

In late 2009, the EPA issued an “endangerment finding” under the Clean Air Act with respect to certain greenhouse 
gases,  leading  to  the  regulation  of  carbon  dioxide  as  a  pollutant  under  the  Clean Air Act  and  having  significant 
ramifications  for  Rayonier  and  the  industry  in  general.  In  this  regard,  the  EPA  has  published  various  regulations, 
affecting the operation of existing and new industrial facilities that emit carbon dioxide. As a result of the EPA’s decision 
to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act, states will now have to consider them in permitting new or 
modified facilities.

Overall, it is reasonably likely that legislative and regulatory activity in this area will in some way affect Rayonier 
and the U.S. customers of our Southern Timber and Pacific Northwest Timber segments, but it is unclear at this time 
what the nature of the impact will be. We continue to monitor political and regulatory developments in this area, but 
their overall impact on Rayonier, from a cost, benefit and financial performance standpoint, remains uncertain at this 
time. In addition, the EPA has yet to finalize the treatment of biomass under greenhouse gas regulatory schemes, 
leaving Rayonier’s biomass customers in a position of uncertainty.

REIT AND TAX-RELATED RISKS

Loss of our REIT status would adversely affect our cash flow and stock price.

We intend to continue to operate in accordance with REIT requirements pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and related U.S. Treasury regulations and administrative guidance. Qualification 
as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code, which are subject to change, 
perhaps retroactively, and which are not within our control. We cannot assure that we will remain qualified as a REIT 
or that new legislation, U.S. Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly 
affect our ability to remain qualified as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such qualification. 

We continually monitor and test our compliance with all REIT requirements. In particular, we regularly test our 
compliance with the REIT “asset tests,” which require generally that, at the close of each calendar quarter: (1) at least 
75%  of  the  market  value  of  our  total  assets  must  consist  of  REIT-qualifying  interests  in  real  property  (such  as 
timberlands), including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds, as well as cash and cash items 
and certain other specified assets, (2) no more than 25% of the market value of our total assets may consist of other 
assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% test in clause (1) above, and (3) no more than 20% (25% 
for calendar years prior to 2018) of the market value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more 
“taxable REIT subsidiaries.” As of December 31, 2019, Rayonier is in compliance with these asset tests. 

If in any taxable year we fail to qualify as a REIT and are not entitled to relief under the Code, we will not be allowed 

a deduction for dividends paid to shareholders in computing our taxable income and we will be subject to U.S. federal 
income tax on our REIT taxable income. In addition, we will be disqualified from qualification as a REIT for the four 
taxable years following the year during which the qualification was lost, unless we are entitled to relief under certain 
provisions of the Code. As a result, our net income and the cash available for distribution to our shareholders could 
be reduced for up to five years or longer, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. 

If we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we may also need to borrow funds or liquidate some investments or assets 
to pay any resulting additional tax liability. Accordingly, cash available for distribution to our shareholders would be 
reduced.

19

Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to prohibited transactions tax.

As a REIT, we will be subject to a 100% tax on any net income from “prohibited transactions.” In general, prohibited 
transactions are sales or other dispositions of property to customers in the ordinary course of business. Sales of logs, 
and dealer sales of timberlands or other real estate, constitute prohibited transactions unless the sale satisfies certain 
safe harbor provisions in the Code.

We intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax by complying with the prohibited transaction safe harbor 
provisions and conducting activities that would otherwise be prohibited transactions through one or more taxable REIT 
subsidiaries. We may not, however, always be able to identify timberland properties that become part of our “dealer” 
real estate sales business. Therefore, if we sell timberlands which we incorrectly identify as property not held for sale 
to customers in the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to the 100% prohibited transactions tax.

Our cash dividends are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.

Generally, REITs are required to distribute 90% of their ordinary taxable income, but not their net capital gains 
income. Accordingly, we do not generally believe that we are required to distribute material amounts of cash since 
substantially all of our taxable income is generally treated as capital gains income. However, a REIT must pay corporate 
level tax on its undistributed taxable income and capital gains.

Our  Board  of  Directors,  in  its  sole  discretion,  determines  the  amount  of  quarterly  dividends  to  be  paid  to  our 
shareholders based on consideration of a number of factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, our results 
of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and 
other factors, including debt covenant restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments, future acquisitions 
and divestitures, harvest levels, changes in the price and demand for our products and general market demand for 
timberlands, including those timberland properties that have higher and better uses. Consequently, our dividend levels 
may fluctuate.

Lack of shareholder ownership and transfer restrictions in our articles of incorporation may affect our ability 
to qualify as a REIT.

In order to qualify as a REIT, an entity cannot have five or fewer individuals who own, directly or indirectly after 
applying attribution of ownership rules, 50% or more of the value of its outstanding shares during the last six months 
in each calendar year. Although it is not required by law or the REIT provisions of the Code, almost all REITs have 
adopted ownership and transfer restrictions in their articles of incorporation or organizational documents which seek 
to assure compliance with that rule. While we are not in violation of the ownership rules, we do not have, nor do we 
have any current plans to adopt, share ownership and transfer restrictions. As such, the possibility exists that five or 
fewer  individuals  could  acquire  50%  or  more  of  the  value  of  our  outstanding  shares,  which  could  result  in  our 
disqualification as a REIT.

Item 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

20

Item 2.  PROPERTIES

The following table provides a breakdown of our timberland holdings as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 

2019:

(acres in 000s)

As of September 30, 2019

As of December 31, 2019

Owned

Leased

Total

Owned

Leased

Total

Southern

Alabama
Arkansas

Florida
Georgia

Louisiana
Mississippi

Oklahoma
South Carolina

Texas

Pacific Northwest

Oregon
Washington

New Zealand (a)

Total

228
—

308
631

128
67
92

18

178
1,650

61

317
378

185
2,213

14

9
73

79
—

—
—

—
—

175

—
1
1

229
405

242
9

381
710

128
67

92
18

178
1,825

61
318
379

414
2,618

226
—

331
628

128
67

92
18

184
1,674

61
318
379

185
2,238

14
7

63
77

—
—

—
—

—
161

—
—
—

229
390

240
7

394
705

128
67

92
18

184
1,835

61
318
379

414
2,628

(a)

Represents legal acres owned and leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which Rayonier owns a 77% interest. As of December 31,
2019, legal acres in New Zealand were comprised of 295,000 plantable acres and 119,000 non-productive acres.

21

The following tables detail changes in our portfolio of owned and leased timberlands by state from December 31, 

2018 to December 31, 2019:

(acres in 000s)

Southern

Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Texas

Pacific Northwest

Oregon
Washington

New Zealand (b)
Total

December 31,
2018

Acquisitions

Sales

Other (a)

December 31,
2019

Acres Owned

229
290
622
129
67
92
18
182
1,629

61
316
377

178
2,184

—
43
10
—
—
—
—
7
60

—
2
2

7
69

(3)
(2)
(4)
(1)
—
—
—
(5)
(15)

—
(1)
(1)

—
(16)

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
1
1

—
1

226
331
628
128
67
92
18
184
1,674

61
318
379

185
2,238

(a)
(b)

Includes adjustments for land mapping reviews.
Represents legal acres owned by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which Rayonier has a 77% interest.

(acres in 000s)

Southern

Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia

Pacific Northwest
Washington

New Zealand (c)
Total

December 31,
2018

New Leases

Acres Leased
Sold/Expired
Leases (a)

Other (b)

December 31,
2019

14
9
73
81
177

1

230

408

—
—
—
—
—

—

2

2

—
(1)
(10)
(4)
(15)

—

(3)

(18)

—
(1)
—
—
(1)

(1)

—

(2)

14
7
63
77
161

—

229

390

Includes acres previously under lease that have been harvested and activity for the relinquishment of leased acres.
Includes adjustments for land mapping reviews.

(a)
(b)
(c) Represents legal acres leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which Rayonier has a 77% interest.

22

TIMBERLAND LEASES & DEEDS

See Note 4 - Leases for more information on U.S. and New Zealand timberland leases including lease terms and 

renewal provisions.

The  following  table  details  the  Company’s  acres  under  lease  as  of  December 31,  2019  by  type  of  lease  and 

estimated lease expiration:

(acres in 000s)

Location
Southern ............. Fixed Term

Type of Lease

Fixed Term with Renewal Option (a)

New Zealand....... CFL - Perpetual (b)

CFL - Fixed Term (b)

CFL - Terminating (b)

Forestry Right (b)

Fixed Term Land Leases

Total Acres under Long-term Leases ..........................

Lease Expiration

Total

2020-2029

2030-2039

2040-2049

Thereafter

145

16

77

3

9

124

16

390

96

8

—

—

1

16

—

121

43

8

—

—

—

25

1

77

—

—

—

—

8

12

1

21

6

—

77

3

—

71

14

171

Includes approximately 7,000 acres of timber deeds.

(a)
(b) Estimated lease expiration / termination based on the earlier of: (1) the scheduled expiration / termination date, or (2) the estimated year of

final harvest before such expiration / termination date.

The following table details the Company’s estimated leased acres, lease expirations and lease costs over the next 

five years:

(acres and dollars in 000s, except per acre amounts)

Location
Southern .................

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

New Zealand ..........

Leased Acres Expiring (a)

Year-end Leased Acres (a)

Estimated Annual Lease Cost (a)(b)

Average Lease Cost per Acre (a)

Leased Acres Expiring

Year-end Leased Acres

Estimated Annual Lease Cost (b)(d)

Average Lease Cost per Acre (c)(d)

7

154

$4,552

$30.21

2

227

$3,988

$21.71

6

148

$4,491

$30.26

—

227

$3,988

$21.71

10

138

$4,196

$30.80

—

227

$3,932

$21.64

36

102

$3,970

$32.22

—

227

$3,932

$21.64

2

100

$3,337

$35.45

—

227

$3,932

$21.64

Includes timber deeds.

(a)
(b) Represents capitalized and expensed lease payments.
(c) Excludes lump sum payments.
(d) Based on the year-end foreign exchange rate.

OTHER NON-TIMBERLAND LEASES

See Note 4 - Leases for information on other non-timberland leases.

Item 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information set forth under Note 11 — Contingencies is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 4. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

23

PART II

Item 5. 

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY

The Company’s common shares are publicly traded on the NYSE, the only exchange on which our shares are 

listed, under the trading symbol RYN. Shares of the Company have no par value. 

TAX CHARACTERISTICS OF DIVIDENDS

The table below summarizes the tax characteristics of the dividend paid to shareholders on a percentage basis 

for the three years ended December 31, 2019:

Total cash dividend per common share .....................................................
Tax characteristics: ....................................................................................
Capital gain ...............................................................................................

2019

$1.08

2018

$1.06

2017

$1.00

100%

100%

100%

HOLDERS

There were approximately 5,351 shareholders of record of our common shares on February 14, 2020. 

ISSUER REPURCHASES

In February 2016, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $100 million of Rayonier’s common 
shares (the “share repurchase program”) to be made at management’s and the Board of Directors’ discretion. The 
program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. There were no shares repurchased 
under this program in the fourth quarter of 2019. Based on the period-end closing stock price of $32.76 at December 31, 
2019, there was $90.9 million, or approximately 2,774,133 shares, remaining under this program.

The following table provides information regarding our purchases of Rayonier common shares during the quarter 

ended December 31, 2019:

Period
October 1 to October 31................................
November 1 to November 30 ........................
December 1 to December 31 ........................
Total .................................

Total 
Number of 
Shares 
Purchased 
(a)

—
29
—
29

Average
Price
Paid per
Share

—
$30.95
—

Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (b)

Maximum
Number of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (c)

—
—
—
—

7,245,832
6,844,434
6,651,522

(a)

Includes 29 shares of the Company’s common shares purchased in November from employees in non-open market transactions. The shares
were sold by employees of the Company in exchange for cash that was used to pay withholding taxes associated with the vesting of share-
based awards under the Company’s Incentive Stock Plan. The price per share surrendered is based on the closing price of the Company’s
common shares on the respective vesting dates of the awards.

(b) Purchases made in open-market transactions under the $100 million share repurchase program announced on February 10, 2016.

(c) Maximum number of shares authorized to be purchased as of December 31, 2019 includes 3,877,389 under the anti-dilutive program and
approximately 2,774,133 under the share repurchase program. Maximum number of shares authorized to be purchased at the end of October,
November and December are based on month-end closing stock prices of $26.98, $30.63 and $32.76, respectively.

24

 
 
 
 
 
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The  following  graph  compares  the  performance  of  Rayonier’s  common  shares  (assuming  reinvestment  of 
dividends) with a broad-based market index (Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500), and two industry-specific indices (the 
S&P Global Timber and Forestry Index and the S&P 1500 Real Estate Index).1 

The table and related information below shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information 
be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 
each as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

The data in the following table was used to create the above graph as of December 31:

2014
Rayonier Inc. ................................................................................... $100
S&P 500® Index ...............................................................................
100
S&P® Global Timber and Forestry Index ..........................................
100
S&P® 1500 Real Estate Sector Index1 .............................................

100

2015
$83
101
91

107

2016
$103
114
100

115

2017
$127
138
132

132

2018
$115
132
106

131

2019
$140
173
123

179

1 Based on constituents as of December 31, 2019 and excludes entities that were not publicly traded for the entire comparative period. 

25

 
 
Item 6. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements.

At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2019
2015
2017
(dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)

2016

2018

Profitability:
Sales (a)

.................................................................................................

Operating income (b) ..............................................................................

Income from continuing operations attributable to Rayonier Inc. (b)........
Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations .............

$711.6

107.0

59.1

0.46

$816.1

$819.6

$815.9

$568.8

170.1

102.2

0.79

215.5

148.8

1.16

255.8

212.0

1.73

77.8

46.2

0.37

Financial Condition:
Total assets ............................................................................................. $2,861.0
................................................................................................
Total debt

1,055.1

Shareholders’ equity ...............................................................................

1,537.6

1,654.6

Shareholders’ equity — per share ...........................................................

11.89

12.78

$2,780.7

$2,858.5

$2,685.8

$2,315.9

972.6

1,025.4

1,693.0

13.13

1,061.9

1,496.9

12.18

830.6

1,361.7

11.09

Cash Flows:
Cash provided by operating activities ......................................................
Cash used for investing activities ............................................................
Cash used for (provided by) for financing activities .................................

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ................................................

Cash dividends paid ...............................................................................

Dividends paid — per share ....................................................................

$214.3

$310.1

219.4

79.6

128.2

141.1
$1.08

132.9

193.7

144.1

136.8
$1.06

$256.3

235.3

$203.8

235.0

6.9

(114.4)

127.6

127.1
$1.00

115.1

122.8
$1.00

$177.2

149.5

116.5

113.7

124.9
$1.00

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
Adjusted EBITDA (c)

Southern Timber ..............................................................................

$119.7

$102.8

$91.6

$92.9

$101.0

Pacific Northwest Timber .................................................................

New Zealand Timber ........................................................................

Real Estate ......................................................................................

Trading ............................................................................................

16.7

75.8

59.5

—

Corporate and other .........................................................................

(23.9)

40.9

90.8

123.4

1.0

(21.1)

33.1

85.1

95.5

4.6

21.2

56.5

86.6

2.0

21.7

27.1

76.7

1.2

(19.4)

(19.4)

(19.6)

Total Adjusted EBITDA (c) ......................................................

$247.8

$337.7

$290.5

$239.7

$208.1

Other:
Timberland and real estate acres — owned, leased, or managed, in

millions of acres ..................................................................................

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

26

Selected Operating Data:
Timber

Sales volume (thousands of tons)

2019

For the Years Ended December 31,
2017

2018

2016

Southern ....................................................................................

Pacific Northwest .......................................................................

New Zealand Domestic .............................................................

New Zealand Export ..................................................................

6,066

1,211

1,293

1,438

Total Sales Volume ...............................................................

10,008

Real Estate — acres sold

Improved Development

.............................................................

Unimproved Development .........................................................

Rural

.........................................................................................

Timberlands & Non-Strategic .....................................................

Large Dispositions (d) ................................................................

44

1,196

7,656

8,254

—

5,718

1,305

1,371

1,304

9,698

44

751

5,008

27,811

—

Total Acres Sold ....................................................................

17,151

33,614

5,314

1,247

1,300

1,239

9,100

23

1,449

6,344

25,653

49,599

83,068

5,317

1,195

1,204

1,017

8,733

47

206

6,684

28,751

92,434

2015

5,492

1,243

1,346

1,065

9,146

74

699

8,754

29,737

—

128,121

39,264

(a) The 2017 and 2016 results included sales of $95.4 million and $207.3 million, respectively, related to Large Dispositions.

(b) The 2017 and 2016 results included a gain of $67.0 million and $143.9 million, respectively, related to Large Dispositions.

(c) Adjusted  EBITDA  is  defined  as  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation,  depletion,  amortization,  the  non-cash  cost  of  land  and  improved
development,  non-operating  income  and  expense,  costs  related  to  shareholder  litigation,  the  gain  on  foreign  currency  derivatives  and  Large
Dispositions. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that management uses to make strategic decisions about the business and that investors
can use to evaluate the operational performance of the assets under management. It removes the impact of specific items that management believes
do not directly reflect the core business operations on an ongoing basis. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Operating Income (Loss) and Net
Income, respectively, is included in the following pages and Item 7 — Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

(d) Large Dispositions are defined as transactions involving the sale of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a demonstrable
premium relative to timberland value. Sales designated as Large Dispositions are excluded from our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and CAD.

27

Reconciliation of Operating Income (Loss) by Segment to Adjusted EBITDA by Segment
(dollars in millions)

Southern
Timber

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New
Zealand
Timber

Real
Estate

Trading

Corporate
and
other

Total

2019

Operating income (loss) ......................................................

$57.8

($12.4)

$48.0

$38.7

Add:

Add:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ...............

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

61.9

—

Adjusted EBITDA ................................................................

$119.7

2018

Operating income ................................................................

$44.2

Add:

Add:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ...............

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

58.6

—

29.2

—

$16.7

$8.1

32.8

—

27.8

—

8.2

12.6

$75.8

$59.5

—

—

—

—

($25.1)

$107.0

1.2

—

128.2

12.6

($23.9)

$247.8

$62.8

$76.2

$1.0

($22.3)

$170.1

28.0

—

23.6

23.6

—

—

1.2

—

144.1

23.6

Adjusted EBITDA ................................................................

$102.8

$40.9

$90.8

$123.4

$1.0

($21.1)

$337.7

2017

Operating income ................................................................

Add:

Add:

Add:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ...............

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

Costs related to shareholder litigation (a)...............

Less:

Large Dispositions .................................................

$42.2

49.4

—

—

—

$1.1

32.0

—

—

—

Adjusted EBITDA ................................................................

$91.6

$33.1

$85.1

2016

$57.6

$130.9

$4.6

($20.9)

$215.5

27.5

—

—

—

17.9

13.7

—

(67.0)

$95.5

—

—

—

—

0.8

—

0.7

—

127.6

13.7

0.7

(67.0)

$4.6

($19.4)

$290.5

Operating income (loss) ......................................................

Add:

Add:

Add:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ...............

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

Costs related to shareholder litigation (a)...............

Less: Gain on foreign currency derivatives (b) ................

Less:

Large Dispositions .................................................

$43.1

49.8

—

—

—

—

($4.0)

25.2

—

—

—

—

$33.0

$202.4

$2.0

($20.8)

$255.8

23.4

—

—

—

—

16.3

11.7

—

—

(143.9)

—

—

—

—

—

0.4

—

2.2

(1.2)

115.1

11.7

2.2

(1.2)

—

(143.9)

Adjusted EBITDA ................................................................

$92.9

$21.2

$56.5

$86.6

$2.0

($19.4)

$239.7

2015

Operating income ................................................................

Add:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ...............

Add:

Add:

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

Costs related to shareholder litigation (a)...............

$46.7

54.3

—

—

$6.9

14.8

—

—

$1.6

25.5

—

—

$45.5

$1.2

($24.1)

18.7

12.5

—

—

—

—

0.4

—

4.1

$77.8

113.7

12.5

4.1

Adjusted EBITDA ................................................................

$101.0

$21.7

$27.1

$76.7

$1.2

($19.6)

$208.1

(a) Costs related to shareholder litigation include expenses incurred as a result of the shareholder derivative demands. In addition, these costs include
the costs associated with class action securities litigation brought against the Company in a case styled In re Rayonier Inc. Securities Litigation,
filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (Case No. 3:14-cv01395-RJC-JBT) and the Company’s response to a
subpoena it received from the SEC in November 2014. In July 2016, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC notified the Company that it had
concluded its investigation into the Company. In October 2017, the court entered orders approving the settlement of the class action securities
litigation and dismissing the case against all defendants with prejudice.

(b) The Company used foreign exchange derivatives to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates while awaiting the planned capital

contribution to the New Zealand subsidiary.

28

Item 7. 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 
OPERATIONS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OUR COMPANY

We are a leading timberland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with assets located in some of the most productive 
softwood timber growing regions in the U.S. and New Zealand. Our revenues, operating income and cash flows are 
primarily derived from the following core business segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber, New Zealand 
Timber, Real Estate and Trading. We own or lease under long-term agreements approximately 2.2 million acres of 
timberland and real estate in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Oregon, South 
Carolina, Texas and Washington. We also have a 77% ownership interest in Matariki Forestry Group, a joint venture 
(“New Zealand subsidiary”), that owns or leases approximately 414,000 gross acres (295,000 net plantable acres) of 
timberlands in New Zealand. 

Across our timberland management segments, we sell standing timber (primarily at auction to third parties) and 
delivered logs. Sales from our timber segments include all activities related to the harvesting of timber and other value-
added activities such as the licensing of properties for hunting and the leasing of properties for mineral extraction and 
cell towers. We believe we are the second largest publicly-traded timberland REIT and the fifth largest private timberland 
owner in the United States. Our Real Estate business manages all property sales and seeks to maximize the value of 
our properties that are more valuable for development, recreational or residential uses than for growing timber, and 
opportunistically sells non-strategic timberlands. Our Trading segment, also part of the New Zealand subsidiary, markets 
and sells timber owned or acquired from third parties in New Zealand and Australia.

CURRENT YEAR DEVELOPMENTS

During 2019, we acquired approximately 71,000 acres of timberlands for $142.3 million. For additional information 

on acquisitions, see Note 3 — Timberland Acquisitions.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET CONDITIONS

The demand for timber is directly related to the underlying demand for pulp, paper, packaging, lumber and other 
wood products. The significant majority of timber sold in our Southern Timber segment is consumed domestically. With 
a higher proportion of pulpwood, our Southern Timber segment relies heavily on downstream markets for pulp and 
paper, and to a lesser extent wood pellet markets. Our Pacific Northwest Timber segment relies primarily on domestic 
customers but also exports a significant volume of timber, particularly to China. Both the Southern and Pacific Northwest 
Timber segments rely on the strength of U.S. lumber markets as well as underlying housing starts. Our New Zealand 
Timber segment sells timber to domestic New Zealand wood products mills and also exports a significant portion of 
its volume to markets in China, South Korea and India. In addition to market dynamics in the Pacific Rim, the New 
Zealand Timber segment is subject to foreign exchange fluctuations, which can impact the operating results of the 
segment in U.S. dollar terms. 

In 2019, pricing in the U.S. South remained relatively flat versus the prior year, with a slight increase in pulpwood 
prices offset by a slight decrease in sawtimber prices. Both pulpwood and sawtimber pricing tend to be driven by local 
market supply and demand dynamics, which vary considerably based on the available inventory of logs, local market 
mill demand, and access to export markets. U.S. South exports declined significantly in 2019 versus 2018, due to the 
implementation of tariffs on log exports to China in the third quarter of 2018, which limited overall price momentum. 
In the Pacific Northwest, log prices were relatively flat throughout 2019, but considerably lower than 2018 average 
prices. Prices declined in 2019 due to the implementation of tariffs on log exports to China in the third quarter of 2018, 
which led to a significant decline in export demand. In New Zealand, export prices to China deteriorated during 2019 
as salvage logs from Europe flooded the market. Towards the end of 2019, domestic prices also declined in response 
to the lower export prices.

In Real Estate, overall demand and pricing for HBU properties remained relatively strong in 2019. In addition, we 
saw increased interest in our improved development properties, specifically Wildlight, our development project north 
of Jacksonville, Florida, and Richmond Hill, our development project south of Savannah, Georgia.

29

 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  requires  us  to  establish  accounting  policies  and  make  estimates, 
assumptions and judgments that affect our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets 
and liabilities in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical data and 
trends, current fact patterns, expectations and other sources of information we believe are reasonable. Actual results 
may differ from these estimates.

CAPITALIZED COSTS INCLUDED IN TIMBER BASIS

Timber is stated at the lower of cost or market value. Costs relating to acquiring, planting and growing timber, 
including real estate taxes, site preparation and direct support costs relating to facilities, vehicles and supplies, are 
capitalized. A portion of timberland lease payments are capitalized based on the proportion of acres with merchantable 
timber volume remaining to be harvested under the lease term and the residual portion of the lease payments are 
expensed as incurred. Payroll costs are capitalized for time spent on timber growing activities, while interest or any 
other intangible costs are not capitalized.

MERCHANTABLE INVENTORY AND DEPLETION COSTS AS DETERMINED BY TIMBER HARVEST MODELS

An annual depletion rate is established for each particular region by dividing the cost of merchantable inventory 
(including  costs  described  above)  by  standing  merchantable  inventory  volume.  Pre-merchantable  records  are 
maintained for each planted year age class, including acres planted, stems per acre and costs of planting and tending. 

Significant assumptions and estimates are used in the recording of timber inventory and depletion costs. Factors 
that can impact timber volume include weather changes, losses due to natural causes, differences in actual versus 
estimated growth rates and changes in the age when timber is considered merchantable. A 3% company-wide change 
in estimated standing merchantable inventory would have caused an estimated change of approximately $3.4 million 
to 2019 depletion expense.

  Merchantable standing timber inventory is estimated by our land information services group annually, using industry-
standard computer software. The inventory calculation takes into account growth, in-growth (annual transfer of oldest 
pre-merchantable age class into merchantable inventory), timberland sales and the annual harvest specific to each 
business unit. The age at which timber is considered merchantable is reviewed periodically and updated for changing 
harvest practices, future harvest age profiles and biological growth factors.

Acquisitions  of  timberland  can  also  affect  the  depletion  rate.  Upon  the  acquisition  of  timberland,  we  make  a 
determination whether to combine the newly-acquired merchantable timber with an existing depletion pool or to create 
a new pool. The determination is based on the geographic location of the new timber, the customers/markets that will 
be  served  and  species  mix.  During  2019,  we  acquired  69,000  acres  of  timberlands  in  Florida,  Georgia,  Texas, 
Washington and New Zealand. These acquisitions did not have a material impact on 2019 depletion rates. 

REVENUE RECOGNITION 

See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

DETERMINING  THE  ADEQUACY  OF  PENSION  AND  OTHER  POSTRETIREMENT  BENEFIT  ASSETS  AND 
LIABILITIES

  We have one qualified non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering a portion of our employees and an 
unfunded plan that provides benefits in excess of amounts allowable under current tax law in the qualified plan. The 
qualified and unfunded plans are closed to new participants. 

In 2019, we recognized $0.6 million of pension and postretirement benefit cost due to the expected return on plan 
assets partially offsetting interest costs and amortization of losses (gains). Numerous estimates and assumptions are 
required to determine the proper amount of pension and postretirement liabilities and annual expense to record in our 
financial statements. The key assumptions include discount rate, return on assets, health care cost trends, mortality 
rates and longevity of employees. Although there is authoritative guidance on how to select most of the assumptions, 
some degree of judgment is exercised in selecting these assumptions. Different assumptions, as well as actual versus 
expected results, would change the periodic benefit cost and funded status of the benefit plans recognized in the 
financial statements. Effective December 31, 2016, the Company froze benefits for all employees participating in the 
pension plans. See Note 16 — Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
DEFERRED TAX ITEMS

The Timber and Real Estate operations conducted within our REIT are generally not subject to U.S. income taxation. 
We expect any variability in our effective tax rate and the amount of cash taxes to be paid to be driven primarily by 
our New Zealand Timber and Trading segments, as our other business operations are conducted within our U.S. REIT 
subsidiaries. However, the assessment of the ability to realize certain deferred tax assets, or estimate deferred tax 
liabilities, remains subjective. See Note 10 — Income Taxes for additional information about our unrecognized tax 
benefits.

31

 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary of our results of operations for the three years ended December 31:

Financial Information (in millions of dollars)
Sales

2019

2018

2017

Southern Timber

................................................................................................................

$194.1

$170.0

$144.5

Pacific Northwest Timber

...................................................................................................

New Zealand Timber ..........................................................................................................

85.4

241.9

109.8

249.0

91.9

223.3

Real Estate

Improved Development

......................................................................................................

Unimproved Development ..................................................................................................

Rural

..................................................................................................................................

Timberlands & Non-Strategic - U.S.

...................................................................................

Timberlands & Non-Strategic - N.Z.

...................................................................................

Large Dispositions .............................................................................................................

Other (a)

............................................................................................................................

Total Real Estate ................................................................................................................

5.9

19.5

29.9

19.1

—

—

0.5

74.9

Trading ........................................................................................................................................
Intersegment Eliminations ...........................................................................................................

115.4

(0.1)

8.4

8.6

22.7

71.0

27.9

—

—

138.6

148.8

(0.1)

6.9

16.4

18.6

46.3

24.3

95.4

(0.6)

207.3

152.6

—

Total Sales .................................................................................................................................

$711.6

$816.1

$819.7

Operating Income (Loss)
Southern Timber
..........................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber .............................................................................................................

New Zealand Timber

...................................................................................................................

Real Estate (b)

............................................................................................................................

Trading ........................................................................................................................................

Corporate and other
....................................................................................................................
Operating Income ......................................................................................................................
Interest Expense .........................................................................................................................

Interest and other miscellaneous income, net ..............................................................................

Income Tax Expense ...................................................................................................................

Net Income (b)

...........................................................................................................................
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest ...........................................................

$57.8

(12.4)

48.0

38.7

—

(25.1)

107.0

(31.7)

5.3

(12.9)

67.7

(8.6)

$44.2

$42.2

8.1

62.8

76.2

1.0

(22.3)

170.1

(32.1)

4.6

(25.3)

117.3

(15.1)

1.1

57.6

130.9

4.6

(20.9)

215.5

(34.1)

1.9

(21.8)

161.5

(12.7)

Net Income Attributable to Rayonier Inc. (b) ...........................................................................

$59.1

$102.2

$148.8

Adjusted EBITDA (c)

Southern Timber

..........................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber .............................................................................................................
New Zealand Timber

...................................................................................................................
Real Estate .................................................................................................................................
Trading ........................................................................................................................................
Corporate and other

....................................................................................................................

$119.7

$102.8

$91.6

16.7

75.8

59.5

—

40.9

90.8

123.4

1.0

33.1

85.1

95.5

4.6

(23.9)

(21.1)

(19.4)

Total Adjusted EBITDA (c)

........................................................................................................

$247.8

$337.7

$290.5

(a)

(b)
(c)

Includes marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant 
Accounting Policies for a discussion of the current year reclassification of marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments for the Real 
Estate segment from Improved Development to Other.
The 2017 results included $67.0 million related to Large Dispositions.
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.

32

Southern Timber Overview

2019

2018

2017

Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Pine Pulpwood ......................................................................
Pine Sawtimber ....................................................................
Total Pine Volume ...............................................................
Hardwood .............................................................................
Total Volume ........................................................................

3,640

2,191
5,831

235
6,066

3,444

2,034
5,478

240
5,718

3,103

1,933
5,036

278
5,314

Percentage Delivered Sales .................................................
Percentage Stumpage Sales ................................................

33%

67%

30%

70%

22%

78%

Net Stumpage Prices (dollars per ton)
Pine Pulpwood ......................................................................
Pine Sawtimber ....................................................................
Weighted Average Pine ......................................................
Hardwood .............................................................................
Weighted Average Total .....................................................

Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales .........................................................................
Less: Cut, Haul & Freight ......................................................
Net Stumpage Sales ...........................................................

Non-Timber Sales

Total Sales

Operating Income .................................................................
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization ........................
Adjusted EBITDA (a) ............................................................

$16.42

24.86
$19.59

16.93
$19.49

$159.2
(41.0)
$118.2

$35.0
$194.1

$57.8
61.9
$119.7

$16.20

25.59
$19.69

12.27
$19.37

$143.9
(33.1)
$110.8

$26.1
$170.0

$44.2
58.6
$102.8

$16.14

25.64
$19.79

12.58
$19.41

$122.6
(19.5)
$103.1

$21.9
$144.5

$42.2
49.4
$91.6

Other Data
Year-End Acres (in thousands) .............................................

1,835

1,807

1,820

(a) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.

33

Pacific Northwest Timber Overview

2019

2018

2017

Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Pulpwood ..............................................................................
Sawtimber .............................................................................
Total Volume ........................................................................

Sales Volume (converted to MBF)
Pulpwood ..............................................................................
Sawtimber .............................................................................
Total Volume ........................................................................

254

956
1,211

24,109
126,717

150,826

299

1,007
1,305

28,307
132,795

161,102

276

971
1,247

25,973
125,577

151,550

Percentage Delivered Sales .................................................
Percentage Sawtimber Sales ...............................................

94%
79%

86%
77%

83%
78%

Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton)
Pulpwood ..............................................................................
Sawtimber .............................................................................
Weighted Average Log Price ................................................

Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales .........................................................................
Less: Cut and Haul ...............................................................
Net Stumpage Sales ...........................................................

Non-Timber Sales

Total Sales

Operating (Loss) Income ......................................................
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization ........................
Adjusted EBITDA (a) ............................................................

Other Data
Year-End Acres (in thousands) .............................................
Sawtimber (in dollars per MBF) (b) .......................................
Estimated Percentage of Export Volume ..............................

$41.09
78.41
$70.34

$82.7
(45.9)
$36.8

$2.7
$85.4

($12.4)
29.2
$16.7

$47.82
96.24
$84.29

$106.5
(44.9)
$61.5

$3.4
$109.8

$8.1
32.8
$40.9

$40.62
84.55
$73.89

$88.7
(36.7)
$52.0

$3.2
$91.9

$1.1
32.0
$33.1

379
$587

17%

378
$725

23%

378
$665

26%

(a) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.

(b) Delivered Sawtimber excluding chip-n-saw.

34

New Zealand Timber Overview

2019

2018

2017

Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Domestic Pulpwood (Delivered) ..........................................
Domestic Sawtimber (Delivered) .........................................
Export Pulpwood (Delivered) ...............................................
Export Sawtimber (Delivered) .............................................
Total Volume ......................................................................

Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton)
Domestic Pulpwood ............................................................
Domestic Sawtimber ...........................................................
Export Sawtimber ................................................................
Weighted Average Log Price ...............................................

Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales .......................................................................
Less: Cut and Haul ..............................................................
Less: Port and Freight Costs ...............................................
Net Stumpage Sales ..........................................................

Non-Timber Sales / Carbon Credits ....................................
Total Sales .........................................................................

Operating Income ................................................................
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization.......................
Adjusted EBITDA (a) ...........................................................

Other Data
New Zealand Dollar to U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate (b)........
Net Plantable Year-End Acres (in thousands) .....................
Export Sawtimber (in dollars per JAS m3) ...........................
Domestic Sawtimber (in $NZD per tonne) ...........................

490

803
148

1,290
2,731

$37.93
77.85

105.65
$84.75

$231.4
(88.1)
(51.0)
$92.3

10.5
$241.9

$48.0
27.8
$75.8

507

864
94

1,210
2,675

$37.00
83.29

117.03
$90.44

$241.9
(85.9)
(49.5)
$106.5

7.1
$249.0

$62.8
28.0
$90.8

448

852
106

1,133
2,539

$33.84
81.12

112.74
$87.61

$222.5
(80.6)
(39.7)
$102.2

0.8
$223.3

$57.6
27.5
$85.1

0.6615
295
$122.84
$129.46

0.6935
289
$136.07
$132.22

0.7108
293
$131.08
$125.43

(a) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.

(b) Represents the period average rates for each year.

35

Real Estate Overview

2019

2018

2017

Sales (in millions of dollars)
Improved Development (a) ....................................................
Unimproved Development .....................................................
Rural ......................................................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic - U.S. ......................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic - N.Z........................................
Large Dispositions (b) ...........................................................
Other (c) ................................................................................
Total Sales ............................................................................

Acres Sold
Improved Development (a) ....................................................
Unimproved Development .....................................................
Rural ......................................................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic - U.S. ......................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic - N.Z. (d) .................................
Large Dispositions (b) ...........................................................
Total Acres Sold ..................................................................

Price per Acre (dollars per acre)
Improved Development (a)
Unimproved Development .....................................................
Rural ......................................................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic  - U.S. .....................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic  - N.Z.......................................
Large Dispositions (b) ...........................................................
Weighted Average (Total) (e) .................................................
Weighted Average (Adjusted) (f) ...........................................

Total Sales (Excluding Large Dispositions) ...........................

Operating Income ..................................................................
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization - U.S................
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization - N.Z. ...............
(+) Non-cash cost of land and improved development - U.S.

(+) Non-cash cost of land and improved development - N.Z.
(–) Large Dispositions (b) ......................................................
Adjusted EBITDA (g) .............................................................

$5.9

19.5
29.9

19.1
—

—
0.5

$8.4

8.6
22.7

71.0
27.9

—
—

$6.9

16.4
18.6

46.3
24.3

95.4
(0.6)

$74.9

$138.6

$207.3

44

1,196
7,656

8,254
—
—
17,151

$132,412
16,290
3,899
2,318
—
—
$4,335
$4,002

$74.9

$38.7
8.2
—

12.6

—

—

$59.5

44

751
5,008

22,815
4,996
—
33,614

$189,154
11,486
4,530
3,110
5,588
—
$4,121
$3,878

23

1,449
6,344

16,007
9,645
49,599
83,068

$296,550
11,318
2,937
2,891
2,520
1,922
$3,362
$3,158

$138.6

$111.9

$76.2
19.1
4.5

23.6

—

—

$123.4

$130.9
9.0
8.9

13.6

0.1

(67.0)

$95.5

(a) Reflects land with capital invested in infrastructure improvements.
(b) Large Dispositions are defined as transactions involving the sale of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a demonstrable 
premium relative to timberland value. In 2017, the Company completed two dispositions of approximately 50,000 total acres for a combined 
sales price and gain of approximately $95.4 million and $67.0 million, respectively.
Includes marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant 
Accounting Policies for a discussion of the current year reclassification of marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments for the Real Estate 
segment from Improved Development to Other.

(c)

(d) New Zealand Timberlands & Non-Strategic represents productive acres.
(e) Excludes Large Dispositions.
(f) Excludes Improved Development and Large Dispositions.
(g) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.

36

Capital Expenditures By Segment

2019

2018

2017

Timber Capital Expenditures (in millions of dollars)
Southern Timber

Reforestation, silvicultural and other capital expenditures ........
Property taxes ..........................................................................
Lease and timber deed payments ............................................
Allocated overhead ...................................................................
Subtotal Southern Timber ..........................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber

Reforestation, silvicultural and other capital expenditures ........
Property taxes ..........................................................................
Allocated overhead ...................................................................
Subtotal Pacific Northwest Timber ............................................
New Zealand Timber

Reforestation, silvicultural and other capital expenditures ........
Property taxes ..........................................................................
Lease and timber deed payments ............................................
Allocated overhead ...................................................................
Subtotal New Zealand Timber ....................................................
Total Timber Segments Capital Expenditures ..........................
Real Estate ...................................................................................
Corporate ......................................................................................
Total Capital Expenditures.....................................................

Timberland Acquisitions
Southern Timber ...........................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber ..............................................................
New Zealand Timber .....................................................................
Total Timberland Acquisitions ...............................................

Real Estate Development Investments .....................................
Rayonier Office Building ............................................................

$18.8
7.1

4.4
4.3

$34.6

7.4
0.7

3.1
$11.2

9.4

0.6
4.7
2.6
$17.4
$63.2
0.2
0.6
$64.0

$98.9
7.3
36.0
$142.3

$6.8
—

$20.0
6.6

4.6
4.2

$35.4

6.2
0.8

2.4
$9.3

9.7

0.7
4.1
2.8
$17.3
$62.0
0.3
—
$62.3

$45.9
—
11.7
$57.6

$9.5
—

$17.9
8.1

4.8
3.7

$34.5

7.3
0.9

2.0
$10.2

9.1

0.7
4.4
2.9
$17.1
$61.8
1.3
2.2
$65.3

$220.0
1.5
21.4
$242.9

$15.8
$6.1

37

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, 2019 VERSUS 2018 
(millions of dollars)

The following tables summarize sales, operating income and Adjusted EBITDA variances for 2019 versus 2018: 

Sales
2018 ....................................

Volume ................................

Price ....................................

Non-timber sales .................

Foreign exchange (a) ..........

Southern
Timber

$170.0

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New
Zealand
Timber

$109.8

$249.0

6.7

0.7

8.8

—

(4.5)

(20.2)

(0.7)

—

4.9

(17.1)

3.7

(4.5)

Real
Estate

$138.6

(67.9)

3.7

—

—

Other ...................................

7.9 (b)

1.0 (b)

5.9 (c)

0.5 (d)

Trading

Elim.

Total

$148.8

(0.1)

$816.1

(23.0)

(10.5)

0.1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(83.8)

(43.4)

11.9

(4.5)

15.3

2019 ....................................

$194.1

$85.4

$241.9

$74.9

$115.4

(0.1)

$711.6

(a) Net of currency hedging impact.
(b)
(c)
(d)

Includes variance due to stumpage versus delivered sales.
Includes variance due to domestic versus export sales.
Includes $0.5 million of marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales.

Operating Income

2018 ..................................................
Volume ..............................................
Price (a) ............................................
Cost ..................................................
Non-timber income ............................
Foreign exchange (b) ........................
Depreciation, depletion &
amortization ......................................
Non-cash cost of land and improved
development .....................................
Other (c) ............................................

Southern
Timber

$44.2

3.1

0.7

0.5

9.1

—

0.2

—

—

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New
Zealand
Timber

Real
Estate

Trading

Corporate
and Other

Total

$8.1

(1.5)

(20.2)

0.6

(0.7)

—

1.3

—

—

$62.8

1.7

(17.1)

(1.2)

3.2

(0.9)

(0.5)

—

—

$76.2

(44.2)

3.7

(1.1)

—

—

3.9

(0.3)

0.5

$1.0

($22.3)

$170.1

—

—

(1.0)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1.1)

—

—

—

—

(1.7)

(40.9)

(32.9)

(3.3)

11.6

(0.9)

4.9

(0.3)

(1.2)

($25.1)

$107.0

2019 ..................................................

$57.8

($12.4)

$48.0

$38.7

(a) For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage (i.e. net of cut and haul and shipping costs).
(b) Net of currency hedging impact.
(c) Real Estate includes $0.5 million of marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales. Corporate
and Other includes legal expenses of $1.1 million and the sale of unused Internet Protocol addresses of $0.6 million in the prior year.

38

Adjusted EBITDA (a)

2018 ................................................
Volume ............................................
Price (b) ..........................................
Cost ................................................
Non-timber income ..........................
Foreign exchange (c) ......................
Other (d) .........................................

Southern
Timber

$102.8

6.6

0.7

0.5

9.1

—

—

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New
Zealand
Timber

Real
Estate

Trading

Corporate
and Other

Total

$90.8

$123.4

$1.0

($21.1)

$337.7

$40.9

(3.9)

(20.2)

0.6

(0.7)

—

—

2.2

(17.1)

(1.2)

3.2

(2.1)

—

(67.0)

3.7

(1.1)

—

—

0.5

—

—

(1.0)

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1.1)

—

—

(1.7)

(62.1)

(32.9)

(3.3)

11.6

(2.1)

(1.2)

($23.9)

$247.8

2019 ................................................

$119.7

$16.7

$75.8

$59.5

(a) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled at Item 6 — Selected Financial Data.
(b) For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage (i.e. net of cut and haul and shipping costs).
(c) Net of currency hedging impact.
(d) Real Estate includes $0.5 million of marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales. Corporate
and Other includes legal expenses of $1.1 million and the sale of unused Internet Protocol addresses of $0.6 million in the prior year.

SOUTHERN TIMBER

Full-year sales of $194.1 million increased $24.1 million, or 14%, versus the prior year, which includes an increase
in non-timber sales of $8.8 million versus the prior year. Harvest volumes increased 6% to 6.07 million tons versus 
5.72 million tons in the prior year. Average pine sawtimber stumpage prices decreased 3% to $24.86 per ton versus 
$25.59 per ton in the prior year, while average pine pulpwood stumpage prices of $16.42 per ton were slightly above 
the prior year. The decrease in average sawtimber prices was driven primarily by weaker export demand, particularly 
in the second half of the year, due to the ongoing U.S.-China trade dispute.

  Operating income of $57.8 million increased $13.6 million versus the prior year due to higher volumes ($3.1 million), 
higher prices ($0.7 million), higher non-timber income ($9.1 million), lower costs ($0.5 million) and lower depletion 
rates ($0.2 million). Full-year Adjusted EBITDA of $119.7 million was $16.9 million above the prior year. 

PACIFIC NORTHWEST TIMBER

Full-year sales of $85.4 million decreased $24.5 million, or 23%, versus the prior year. Harvest volumes decreased
7% to 1.21 million tons versus 1.31 million tons in the prior year, as we deferred planned harvest in response to weak 
market conditions. Average delivered sawtimber prices decreased 19% to $78.41 per ton versus $96.24 per ton in the 
prior year, and average delivered pulpwood prices decreased 14% to $41.09 per ton versus $47.82 per ton in the prior 
year. The decrease in delivered sawtimber prices was driven primarily by weaker export market conditions due to the 
ongoing U.S.-China trade dispute as well as competition from lower-priced European salvage timber. The decrease 
in delivered pulpwood prices was driven primarily by excess supply in the market.

  Operating loss of $12.4 million versus operating income of $8.1 million in the prior year was primarily due to lower
prices ($20.2 million), lower volumes ($1.5 million), and lower non-timber income ($0.7 million), partially offset by lower
costs ($0.6 million) and lower depletion rates ($1.3 million). Full-year Adjusted EBITDA of $16.7 million was $24.2 
million below the prior year. 

39

 
 
NEW ZEALAND TIMBER

Full-year sales of $241.9 million decreased $7.2 million, or 3%, versus the prior year. Harvest volumes increased 
2% to 2.73 million tons versus 2.68 million tons in the prior year. Average delivered prices for export sawtimber decreased
10% to $105.65 per ton versus $117.03 per ton in the prior year, while average delivered prices for domestic sawtimber 
decreased 6% to $77.85 per ton versus $83.29 in the prior year. The decrease in export sawtimber prices was primarily 
due to increased competition from lower-cost log and lumber imports, predominantly from Europe, into China. The 
decrease in domestic sawtimber prices (in U.S. dollar terms) was driven primarily by the NZ$/US$ exchange rate (US
$0.66 per NZ$1.00 versus US$0.69 per NZ$1.00). Excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates, domestic sawtimber 
prices decreased 2% from the prior year.

  Operating income of $48.0 million decreased $14.7 million versus the prior year due to lower prices ($17.1 million), 
higher  forest  management  costs  ($1.2  million),  unfavorable  foreign  exchange  impacts  ($0.9  million),  and  higher
depletion rates ($0.5 million), which were partially offset by  higher non-timber income ($3.2 million) and higher volumes 
($1.7 million). Full-year Adjusted EBITDA of $75.8 million was $15.0 million below the prior year.

REAL ESTATE

Full-year sales of $74.9 million decreased $63.7 million versus the prior year, while operating income of $38.7 
million decreased $37.6 million versus the prior year. Sales and operating income decreased primarily due to lower 
volumes (17,151 acres sold versus 33,614 acres sold in the prior year), partially offset by higher weighted average 
prices ($4,335 per acre versus $4,121 per acre in the prior year). Full-year Adjusted EBITDA of $59.5 million was $63.9 
million below the prior year.

TRADING 

Full-year sales of $115.4 million decreased $33.4 million versus the prior year due to lower volumes and prices. 
Sales volumes decreased 16% to 1.11 million tons versus 1.31 million tons in the prior year period. Average prices 
decreased 8% to $103.49 per ton versus $112.96 per ton in the prior year. Operating income decreased $1.0 million 
versus the prior year due to lower trading margins resulting from lower volumes and prices.

CORPORATE AND OTHER EXPENSE/ELIMINATIONS

Full-year corporate and other operating expense of $25.1 million increased $2.8 million versus the prior year due 
to elevated legal expenses ($1.6 million), prior year income from the sale of unused Internet Protocol addresses ($0.6 
million), acquisition related costs ($0.3 million) and higher compensation and benefit expense ($0.3 million). 

INTEREST EXPENSE

Full-year interest expense of $31.7 million decreased $0.3 million versus the prior year due to an increase in 

accrued patronage payments.

INTEREST AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS INCOME, NET

Other non-operating income of $5.3 million increased $0.7 million versus the prior year. The 2019 results include 
a favorable mark-to-market adjustment on marketable equity securities, interest income, dividend income and net 
periodic pension costs.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Full-year income tax expense of $12.9 million decreased $12.3 million versus the prior year period as a result of 

lower taxable income. The New Zealand subsidiary is the primary driver of income tax expense.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, 2018 VERSUS 2017 

Refer to Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section 
contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for the results of 
operations discussion for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2017.

40

 
 
 
 
OUTLOOK FOR 2020 

In 2020, we expect to achieve full-year harvest volumes in our Southern Timber segment of 6.3 to 6.5 million tons, 

while we expect overall pricing to be slightly below 2019 average pricing due to geographic mix.

 In our Pacific Northwest Timber segment, we expect to achieve harvest volumes of 1.4 to 1.5 million tons, while 
we expect relatively stable pricing as markets have adjusted to lower log export volumes resulting from China tariffs 
and competition from European salvage volume. 

We remain  cautiously  optimistic  that  export  market  conditions  in  both  Southern Timber  and  Pacific  Northwest 
Timber will gradually improve as the U.S.-China Phase 1 trade agreement is implemented and as additional details of 
the agreement become clear, although we expect near-term headwinds associated with the coronavirus outbreak in 
China. 

In our New Zealand Timber segment, we expect to achieve harvest volumes of 2.6 to 2.7 million tons, while we 
expect lower average export and domestic pricing due to challenging export market conditions resulting from competition 
from European salvage volume as well as the recent impacts from the coronavirus outbreak. We further expect that 
Adjusted EBITDA in the New Zealand Timber segment will be negatively impacted by higher shipping costs due to the 
implementation of low-sulfur fuel requirements.

In our Real Estate segment, we expect a significant increase in Adjusted EBITDA based on our current pipeline 
of transactions, although we anticipate that real estate activity will be heavily weighted to the second half of the year.

Our 2020 outlook excludes the impact of our anticipated mid-year acquisition of Pope Resources and is subject 

to a number of variables and uncertainties, including those discussed at Item 1A — Risk Factors.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal source of cash is cash flow from operations, primarily the harvesting of timber and sales of real estate. 
As a REIT, our main use of cash is dividends. We also use cash to maintain the productivity of our timberlands through 
replanting and silviculture. Our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and required limited capital 
resources. Short-term borrowings have helped fund working capital needs while acquisitions of timberlands generally 
require funding from external sources or Large Dispositions. 

SUMMARY OF LIQUIDITY AND FINANCING COMMITMENTS

2019
(in millions of dollars)
Cash and cash equivalents ..................................................................................
$68.7
Total debt (a) ........................................................................................................ 1,057.0
Shareholders’ equity ............................................................................................ 1,537.6
59.1
Net Income Attributable to Rayonier Inc. ..............................................................
Adjusted EBITDA (b) ............................................................................................
247.8
Total capitalization (total debt plus equity)............................................................ 2,594.6
Debt to capital ratio ..............................................................................................
Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (b) ................................................................................
Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA (b)(c) .....................................................................
Net debt to enterprise value (c)(d) .......................................................................

41%
4.3
4.0
19%

As of December 31,
2018
$148.4
975.0
1,654.6
102.2
337.7
2,629.6

2017
$112.7
1,028.4
1,693.0
148.8
290.5
2,721.4

37%
2.9
2.4
19%

38%
3.5
3.2
18%

(a)

(b)

(c)
(d)

Total debt as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is presented gross of deferred financing costs of $1.9 million, $2.4 million and $3.0
million, respectively.
For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations—Performance and Liquidity Indicators.
Net debt is calculated as total debt less cash and cash equivalents.
Enterprise value is calculated as the number of shares outstanding multiplied by the Company’s share price, plus net debt, at year-end.

LIQUIDITY FACILITIES

See Note 6 — Debt for information on liquidity facilities and other outstanding debt, as well as for information on 
covenants that must be met in connection with our Senior Notes, Term Credit Agreement, Incremental Term Loan 
Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility.

41

 
CASH FLOWS

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each of the 

three years ended December 31 (in millions of dollars):

Total cash provided by (used for):

Operating activities .................................................................................................. $214.3
(219.4)
Investing activities ....................................................................................................
(79.6)
Financing activities ...................................................................................................
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ................................................................
(1.8)
($86.5)
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ..............................................

$310.1
(132.9)
(193.7)
0.6
($15.9)

$256.3
(235.3)
(6.9)
0.6
$14.7

2019

2018

2017

CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Cash provided by operating activities decreased $95.8 million versus the prior year primarily due to lower operating 

results.

CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Cash used for investing activities increased $86.5 million versus the prior year primarily due to an $84.7 million
increase in cash used for timberland acquisitions, a $1.7 million increase in capital expenditures and a $2.8 million 
increase in other investing activities, partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease in real estate development investments.

CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Cash used for financing activities in 2019 reflects dividend payments of $141.1 million, $12.7 million of share 
repurchases ($8.4 million made under the share repurchase program) and $9.2 million of distributions to the minority 
shareholder, partially offset by an $82.0 million draw on the Revolving Credit Facility and $1.3 million of proceeds from 
the issuance of common stock under the incentive stock plan.

RESTRICTED CASH

See Note 20 — Restricted Cash for further information regarding funds deposited with a third-party intermediary.

CREDIT RATINGS

Both our ability to obtain financing and the related costs of borrowing are affected by our credit ratings, which are 
periodically reviewed by the rating agencies. As of December 31, 2019, our credit ratings from S&P and Moody’s were 
“BBB-” and “Baa3,” respectively, with both agencies listing our outlook as “Stable.” 

STRATEGY

We continuously evaluate our capital structure. Our strategy is to maintain a weighted-average cost of capital 
competitive with other timberland REITs and TIMOs, while maintaining an investment grade debt rating as well as 
retaining the flexibility to actively pursue capital allocation opportunities as they become available. Overall, we believe 
we have adequate liquidity and sources of capital to run our businesses efficiently and effectively and to maximize the 
value of our timberland and real estate assets under management.

EXPECTED 2020 EXPENDITURES

Capital expenditures in 2020 are forecasted to be between $65 million and $69 million, excluding any strategic 
timberland acquisitions we may make. Capital expenditures are expected to be primarily comprised of seedling planting, 
fertilization and other silvicultural activities, property taxes, lease payments, allocated overhead and other capitalized 
costs. Aside from capital expenditures, we may also acquire timberland as we actively evaluate acquisition opportunities. 

Real estate development investments in 2020 are expected to be between $12 million and $15 million, net of 
anticipated reimbursements from community development bonds. Expected real estate development investments are 
primarily related to Wildlight, our mixed-use community development project located north of Jacksonville, Florida, 
and our Richmond Hill mixed-use development project located south of Savannah, Georgia.

  Our 2020 dividend payments are expected to be approximately $140 million assuming no change in the quarterly 
dividend rate of $0.27 per share or material changes in the number of shares outstanding.

Future share repurchases, if any, will depend on the Company’s liquidity and cash flow, as well as general market 

conditions and other considerations including capital allocation priorities.

42

 
 
 
 
We made $1.3 million of required pension contributions in 2019. We have approximately $3.6 million of pension 

contribution requirements in 2020 and may make discretionary contributions in the future. 

Cash income tax payments in 2020 are expected to be approximately $2 million, primarily due to the New Zealand 

subsidiary. 

PERFORMANCE AND LIQUIDITY INDICATORS

The discussion below is presented to enhance the reader’s understanding of our operating performance, liquidity, 
ability to generate cash and satisfy rating agency and creditor requirements. This information includes two measures 
of  financial  results: Adjusted  Earnings  before  Interest, Taxes,  Depreciation,  Depletion  and Amortization  (“Adjusted 
EBITDA”),  and  Cash Available  for  Distribution  (“CAD”).  These  measures  are  not  defined  by  Generally Accepted 
Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) and the discussion of Adjusted EBITDA and CAD is not intended to conflict with or 
change any of the GAAP disclosures described above. Management considers these measures to be important to 
estimate the enterprise and shareholder values of the Company as a whole and of its core segments, and for allocating 
capital resources. In addition, analysts, investors and creditors use these measures when analyzing our operating 
performance, financial condition and cash generating ability. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a performance 
measure and CAD as a liquidity measure. Adjusted EBITDA and CAD as defined may not be comparable to similarly 
titled measures reported by other companies. These measures should not be considered in isolation from, and are 
not intended to represent an alternative to, our results reported in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, the non-cash 
cost of land and improved development, non-operating income and expense, costs related to shareholder litigation, 
the gain on foreign currency derivatives, and Large Dispositions. Below is a reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted 
EBITDA for the five years ended December 31 (in millions of dollars):

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation
Net Income ....................................................................................
Interest, net, continuing operations .......................................
Income tax expense (benefit), continuing operations ............
Depreciation, depletion and amortization ..............................
Non-cash cost of land and improved development ...............
Non-operating (income) expense ..........................................
Costs related to shareholder litigation (a) .............................
Gain on foreign currency derivatives (b) ...............................
Large Dispositions (c) ...........................................................

$67.7
29.1
12.9
128.2
12.6
(2.7)
—
—
—
Adjusted EBITDA ........................................................................... $247.8

$117.3
29.7
25.2
144.1
23.6
(2.2)
—
—
—
$337.7

$161.5
32.2
21.8
127.6
13.7
—
0.7
—
(67.0)
$290.5

$217.8
33.0
5.0
115.1
11.7
—
2.2
(1.2)
(143.9)
$239.7

$43.9
34.7
(0.9)
113.7
12.5
0.1
4.1
—
—
$208.1

(a) Costs related to shareholder litigation include expenses incurred as a result of the shareholder derivative demands that ultimately resulted in
litigation brought against certain former officers and directors of the Company in a case styled Molloy, et al. v. Boynton, et al., filed in the United
States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (Case No. 3:17-cv-01157-TJC-MCR). In addition, these costs include the costs associated
with class action securities litigation brought against the Company in a case styled In re Rayonier Inc. Securities Litigation, filed in the United
States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (Case No. 3:14-cv01395-RJC-JBT) and the Company’s response to a subpoena it received
from the SEC in November 2014. In July 2016, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC notified the Company that it had concluded its investigation
into the Company. In October 2017, the court entered orders approving the settlement of the class action securities litigation and dismissing
the case against all defendants with prejudice. In November 2018, the court entered orders approving the settlement of the derivative demands
and entering final judgment in the litigation arising therefrom, thus ending the shareholder litigation matters.

(b) Gain on foreign currency derivatives is the gain resulting from the foreign exchange derivatives the Company used to mitigate the risk of

fluctuations in foreign exchange rates while awaiting the capital contribution to the New Zealand subsidiary.

(c) Large Dispositions are defined as transactions involving the sale of timberland that exceed $20 million in size and do not have a demonstrable

premium relative to timberland value.

See Item 6 — Selected Financial Data for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Operating Income by segment

as well as Item 7 — Results of Operations for an analysis of changes in Adjusted EBITDA from the prior year.

43

Cash Available  for  Distribution  (CAD)  is  defined  as  cash  provided  by  operating  activities  adjusted  for  capital 
spending (excluding timberland acquisitions, real estate development investments and spending on the Rayonier office 
building), and working capital and other balance sheet changes. CAD is a non-GAAP measure of cash generated 
during a period that is available for common stock dividends, distributions to the New Zealand minority shareholder, 
repurchase of the Company’s common shares, debt reduction, timberland acquisitions and real estate development 
investments.  In compliance with SEC requirements for non-GAAP measures, we reduce CAD by mandatory debt 
repayments, which results in the measure entitled “Adjusted CAD.” CAD and Adjusted CAD generated in any period 
is not necessarily indicative of the CAD that may be generated in future periods.

Below  is  a  reconciliation  of  Cash  Provided  by  Operating Activities  to Adjusted  CAD  for  the  five  years  ended 

December 31 (in millions): 

Cash provided by operating activities

Capital expenditures from continuing operations (a)
Working capital and other balance sheet changes

CAD

Mandatory debt repayments (b)

Adjusted CAD

2019
$214.3
(64.0)
(0.9)
$149.4
(82.0)
$67.4

2018
$310.1
(62.3)
(7.7)
$240.1
—
$240.1

2017
$256.3
(65.3)
(2.3)
$188.7
—
$188.7

2016
$203.8
(58.7)
(0.8)
$144.3
(31.5)
$112.8

2015
$177.2
(57.3)
(2.5)
$117.4
(131.0)
($13.6)

Cash used for investing activities
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities

($219.4)
($79.6)

($132.9)
($193.7)

($235.3)
($6.9)

($235.0)
$114.4

($149.5)
($116.5)

(a) Capital expenditures exclude timberland acquisitions, real estate development investments and spending on the Rayonier office building.

(b) Excludes debt repayments on the New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interest shareholder loan.

The following table provides supplemental cash flow data for the five years ended December 31 (in millions):

Purchase of timberlands

Real Estate Development Investments

Distributions to New Zealand minority shareholder (a)

Rayonier Office Building

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

($142.3)

($57.6)

($242.9)

($366.5)

($98.4)

(6.8)

(9.2)

—

(9.5)

(14.4)

—

(15.8)

(15.8)

(6.1)

(8.7)

(4.9)

(6.3)

(2.7)

(1.4)

(0.9)

(a)

Includes debt repayments on the New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interest shareholder loan.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We utilize off-balance sheet arrangements to provide credit support for certain suppliers and vendors in case of 
their  default  on  critical  obligations,  and  collateral  for  outstanding  claims  under  the  Company’s  previous  workers’ 
compensation self-insurance programs. These arrangements consist of standby letters of credit and surety bonds. As 
part of our ongoing operations, we also periodically issue guarantees to third parties. Off-balance sheet arrangements 
are not considered a source of liquidity or capital resources and do not expose us to material risks or material unfavorable 
financial impacts. See Note 12 — Guarantees for further discussion.

44

CONTRACTUAL FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS

In addition to using cash flow from operations and proceeds from Large Dispositions, we finance our operations 
and acquisitions through the issuance of debt and by entering into leases. These financial obligations are recorded in 
accordance with accounting rules applicable to the underlying transaction, with the result that some are recorded as 
liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, while others are required to be disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated 
Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis. 

The following table aggregates our contractual financial obligations as of December 31, 2019 and anticipated cash 
spending by period: 

Contractual Financial Obligations (in millions)
Long-term debt (a) .......................................................
Current maturities of long-term debt ............................
Interest payments on long-term debt (b) ......................
Operating leases — timberland (c) ..............................
Operating leases — PP&E, offices...............................
Commitments — derivatives (d)
Commitments — other (e) ............................................

Total
$975.0
82.0
153.8
183.1
8.0
9.4
12.7
Total contractual cash obligations ........................ $1,424.0

2020

—
82.0
36.1
7.9
2.0
2.2
8.3
$138.5

Payments Due by Period
2021-2022
325.0
—
63.2
15.9
2.2
4.0
1.2
$411.5

2023-2024
$350.0
—
40.1
14.4
1.6
3.2
0.4
$409.7

Thereafter
$300.0
—
14.4
144.9
2.2
—
2.8
$464.3

(a) The book value of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs, is currently recorded at $973.1 million on the Company’s Consolidated

Balance Sheet, but upon maturity the liability will be $975.0 million.

(b) Projected interest payments for variable-rate debt were calculated based on outstanding principal amounts and interest rates as of December 31,

2019.

(c)

Includes 20 years of future minimum payments for perpetual Crown Forest Licenses (“CFL”). A CFL is a license arrangement to use government
or privately  owned lands  to operate  a commercial forest. CFLs  generally extend  indefinitely  and may only  be terminated  upon a 35-year
termination notice. If no termination notice is given, the CFLs renew automatically each year for a one-year term. Alternatively, some CFLs
extend for a specific term. As of December 31, 2019, the New Zealand subsidiary has two CFLs under termination notice that are currently
being relinquished as harvest activities are concluded, as well as two fixed-term CFLs expiring in 2062. The annual license fee is determined
based on market rental value, with triennial rent reviews.

(d) Commitments — derivatives represent payments expected to be made on derivative financial instruments (foreign exchange contracts and

interest rate swaps). See Note 14 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities.

(e) Commitments  —  other  includes  pension  contribution  requirements  based  on  actuarially  determined  estimates  and  IRS  minimum  funding
requirements,  payments  expected  to  be  made  on  the  Company’s  Wildlight  and  Richmond  Hill  development  projects,  payments  made  on
timberland deeds and other purchase obligations.

45

 
Item 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

  We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, commodity prices and foreign exchange 
rates. Our objective is to minimize the economic impact of these market risks. We use derivatives in accordance with 
policies and procedures approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Derivatives are managed by the 
finance department, whose responsibilities include initiating derivative transactions as well as managing and monitoring 
resulting exposures. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk 

  We are exposed to interest rate risk through our variable rate debt, primarily due to changes in LIBOR. However, 
we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to interest rate movements on our term credit agreements by 
swapping existing and anticipated future borrowings from floating rates to fixed rates. As of December 31, 2019, we 
had $650 million of U.S. long-term variable rate debt. The notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap contracts 
with respect to this debt at December 31, 2019 was also $650 million. The term credit agreement and associated 
interest rate swaps mature in August 2024 and the incremental term loan agreement and associated interest rate 
swaps mature in May 2026. At this borrowing level, a hypothetical one-percentage point increase/decrease in interest 
rates would result in no corresponding increase/decrease in interest payments and expense over a 12-month period.

The fair market value of our long-term fixed interest rate debt is also subject to interest rate risk. The estimated 
fair value of our long-term fixed rate debt at December 31, 2019 was $332 million compared to the $325 million principal 
amount. We use interest rates of debt with similar terms and maturities to estimate the fair value of our debt. Generally, 
the fair market value of fixed-rate debt will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. A hypothetical 
one-percentage  point  increase/decrease  in  prevailing  interest  rates  at  December 31,  2019  would  result  in  a 
corresponding decrease/increase in the fair value of our long-term fixed rate debt of approximately $7 million.

  We estimate the periodic effective interest rate on our U.S. long-term fixed and variable rate debt to be approximately 
3.3% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds. 

The following table summarizes our outstanding debt, interest rate swaps and average interest rates, by year of 

expected maturity and their fair values at December 31, 2019:

(Dollars in thousands)

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Thereafter

Total

Fair Value

Variable rate debt:

Principal amounts

82,000

Average interest rate (a)(b)

2.99%

Fixed rate debt:

Principal amounts

Average interest rate (b)

Interest rate swaps:

Notional amount

Average pay rate

Average receive rate (b)

—

—

—

—

—

(a) Excludes estimated patronage refunds.
Interest rates as of December 31, 2019.
(b)

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk 

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$325,000

3.75%

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

350,000

$300,000

$732,000

$732,000

3.33%

3.61%

3.41%

—

—

—

—

—

$325,000

$331,500

3.75%

—

350,000

$300,000

$650,000

($8,454)

2.28%

1.70%

1.49%

1.71%

1.91%

1.71%

—

—

The functional currency of the Company’s New Zealand-based operations and New Zealand subsidiary is the New 
Zealand dollar. Through these operations and our ownership in the New Zealand subsidiary, we are exposed to foreign 
currency risk on cash held in foreign currencies, shareholder distributions which are denominated in U.S. dollars and 
on foreign export sales and ocean freight payments that are predominantly denominated in U.S. dollars. To mitigate 
these risks, the New Zealand subsidiary routinely enters into foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency 
option contracts to hedge a portion of the New Zealand subsidiary’s foreign exchange exposure. 

46

 
 
 
Sales and Expense Exposure

 At December 31, 2019, the New Zealand subsidiary had foreign currency exchange contracts with a notional 
amount of $56 million and foreign currency option contracts with a notional amount of $22 million outstanding related 
to  foreign  export  sales  and  ocean  freight  payments.  The  amount  hedged  represents  69%  of  forecast  U.S.  dollar 
denominated sales proceeds less distributions over the next 18 months and 74% of log trading sales proceeds over 
the next 3 months. 

The following table summarizes our outstanding foreign currency exchange rate risk contracts at December 31, 

2019:

(Dollars in thousands)

0-1
months

1-2
months

2-3
months

3-6
months

6-12
months

12-18
months

Total

Fair
Value

Foreign exchange contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar

Notional amount ............................... $3,350

$4,000

$5,000

$17,000

$20,000

$7,000

$56,350

$642

Average contract rate ....................... 1.4859

1.4854

1.4849

1.4836

1.4818

1.4802

1.4829

Foreign currency option contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar

Notional amount ............................... $4,000

$2,000

Average strike price .......................... 1.5191

1.4987

—

—

—

—

$8,000

$8,000

$22,000

$303

1.5513

1.5846

1.5527

Equity Price Risk

  Our marketable equity securities are subject to market price risk. Accordingly, a fluctuation in the price of each 
security could have an adverse impact on the fair value of our investment. See Note 15 — Fair Value Measurements.

47

 
Item 8. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting ..............................................................
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ..........................................................................

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Years Ended 
December 31, 2019 ........................................................................................................................................

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 ...............................................................
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2019 ..............

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2019 ............................
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ..................................................................................................

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ..............................................................................
Note 2 - Revenue .....................................................................................................................................

Note 3 - Timberland Acquisitions .............................................................................................................
Note 4 - Leases .......................................................................................................................................
Note 5 - Segment and Geographical Information .....................................................................................
Note 6 - Debt ...........................................................................................................................................
Note 7 - Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments ......................
Note 8 - New Zealand Subsidiary ............................................................................................................
Note 9 - Commitments .............................................................................................................................
Note 10 - Income Taxes ...........................................................................................................................
Note 11 - Contingencies ...........................................................................................................................
Note 12 - Guarantees ..............................................................................................................................
Note 13 - Earnings Per Common Share ..................................................................................................
Note 14 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities ..........................................................
Note 15 - Fair Value Measurements ........................................................................................................
Note 16 - Employee Benefit Plans ...........................................................................................................
Note 17 - Incentive Stock Plans ...............................................................................................................
Note 18 - Other Operating (Expense) Income, Net ..................................................................................
Note 19 - Inventory ..................................................................................................................................
Note 20 - Restricted Cash .......................................................................................................................
Note 21 - Other Assets ............................................................................................................................

Note 22 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income .................................................................

Note 23 - Quarterly Results for 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) ....................................................................

Note 24 - Consolidating Financial Statements .........................................................................................

Page

49
50

53

54
55

56
58

58
65

67
68
69
72
74
74
75
75
78
78
79
80
83
85
89
93
93
93
94

95

96

97

48

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

To Our Shareholders:

The management of Rayonier Inc. and its subsidiaries is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended). Our system of internal controls over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the 
Company’s  management  and  Board  of  Directors  regarding  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, misstatements due to error or fraud 
may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future 
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the 
degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Rayonier Inc.’s management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, 
assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making this 
assessment, we used the framework included in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee 
of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework).  Based  on  our  evaluation  under  the 
criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, management concluded that our internal control over 
financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated 
financial  statements,  has  issued  an  audit  report  on  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of 
December 31, 2019. The report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, 
is on page 50.

RAYONIER INC.

By:  /s/ DAVID L. NUNES
David L. Nunes
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

February 24, 2020

By:

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
February 24, 2020

By:

/s/ APRIL TICE

April Tice
Vice President, Financial Services and Corporate Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

February 24, 2020

49

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Rayonier Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Rayonier Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, 
based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  -  Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Rayonier Inc. and 
subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as 
of December 31, 2019, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related 
consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the 
three  years  in  the  period  ended  December 31,  2019,  and  the  related  notes  and  schedule  and  our  report  dated 
February 24, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for 
its  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  accompanying 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was 
maintained in all material respects. 

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a 
material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on 
the  assessed  risk,  and  performing  such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We 
believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect 
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions 
are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Jacksonville, Florida
February 24, 2020

50

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Rayonier Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rayonier Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as 
of  December 31,  2019  and  2018,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  income  and  comprehensive  income, 
shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related 
notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated 
financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows 
for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December 31,  2019,  in  conformity  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 24, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion 
thereon.

Adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for 
leases in 2019 due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to 
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures 
in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

51

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements 
that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or 
disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective  or 
complex  judgments.  The  communication  of  the  critical  audit  matter  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the 
consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, 
providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.

Description of
the Matter

Depletion of Timber
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $122 million in depletion expense 
and the Timber and Timberlands balance, net of depletion and amortization, was $2,482 million at 
December 31, 2019. As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company establishes 
an annual depletion rate for each particular region. Depletion rates are determined by region by 
dividing merchantable inventory cost by standing merchantable inventory volume, which is estimated 
annually. The Company charges accumulated costs attributed to merchantable timber to depletion 
expense (cost of sales) at the time the timber is harvested or when the underlying timberland is 
sold.

Auditing management’s annual depletion rate was complex and subjective due to the estimation 
uncertainty in determining the standing merchantable inventory volume utilized in the calculation of 
the depletion rate for each region. In particular, estimating the standing merchantable inventory 
volume involves statistical sampling and growth modeling using inputs such as growth estimates, 
harvest information and environmental and operational restrictions.

How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our
Audit

We  obtained  an  understanding,  evaluated  the  design  and  tested  the  operating  effectiveness  of 
controls over the Company’s process for establishing the annual depletion rate for each geographic 
region. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the standing merchantable 
inventory volume that was determined for each geographic region.  

To test the annual depletion rates (including standing merchantable inventory volume), our audit 
procedures included, among others, evaluating the methodology used and testing the completeness 
and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company. We inspected satellite images to test 
timber existence and assessed the timberland for features that would impact the Company’s ability 
to harvest its timber. In addition, we evaluated current year changes to harvestability, analyzed the 
change in depletion as a percentage of sales, utilized published industry growth rates to assess the 
increase in timber volume growth and compared actual volume harvested to the volume estimated 
by the Company.

Jacksonville, Florida
February 24, 2020 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

52

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Thousands of dollars, except per share data)

SALES (NOTE 2) .................................................................................................
Costs and Expenses

Cost of sales ...............................................................................................
Selling and general expenses .....................................................................
Other operating (expense) income, net (Note 18)

OPERATING INCOME .........................................................................................
Interest expense ...................................................................................................
Interest and other miscellaneous income, net ......................................................
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES ...................................................................

Income tax expense (Note 10) .........................................................................
NET INCOME .......................................................................................................
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest ....................................
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC. .........................................
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect of $0,

$0 and $0 .................................................................................................
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of $664, $1,270 and $594.......

Actuarial change and amortization of pension and postretirement plan

liabilities, net of income tax effect of $0, $711 and $0 ..............................
Total other comprehensive (loss) income ...............................................
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ..............................................................................
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest ...................
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC..................
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (NOTE 13)

2019
$711,556

2018
$816,138

2017
$819,596

(558,350)
(41,646)
(4,533)
(604,529)
107,027
(31,716)
5,307
80,618
(12,940)
67,678
(8,573)
59,105

963
(30,482)

(1,350)
(30,869)
36,809
(9,146)
$27,663

(605,259)
(41,951)
1,140
(646,070)
170,068
(32,066)
4,564
142,566
(25,236)
117,330
(15,114)
102,216

(22,759)
5,029

(1,630)
(19,360)
97,970
(8,931)
$89,039

(568,253)
(40,245)
4,393
(604,105)
215,491
(34,071)
1,840
183,260
(21,681)
161,579
(12,737)
148,842

9,114
5,693

(208)
14,599
176,178
(14,775)
$161,403

Basic earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc.
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc.

$0.46
$0.46

$0.79
$0.79

$1.17
$1.16

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

53

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31,
(Thousands of dollars, except share data)

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents ..............................................................................................
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $24 and $8.......................
Inventory (Note 19) ...........................................................................................................
Prepaid logging roads ......................................................................................................
Prepaid expenses .............................................................................................................
Other current assets .........................................................................................................
Total current assets .................................................................................................
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION .......................
HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT 
      INVESTMENTS (NOTE 7)
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

2019

2018

$68,735
27,127
14,518
12,128
2,600
867
125,975
2,482,047

$148,374
26,151
15,703
11,976
5,040
609
207,853
2,401,327

81,791

85,609

Land .................................................................................................................................
Buildings ...........................................................................................................................
Machinery and equipment ................................................................................................
Construction in progress ..................................................................................................
Total property, plant and equipment, gross .............................................................
Less—accumulated depreciation .....................................................................................
Total property, plant and equipment, net .................................................................
RESTRICTED CASH (NOTE 20) ..............................................................................................
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS (NOTE 4) .........................................................................................
OTHER ASSETS (NOTE 21) ....................................................................................................

4,131
23,095
4,339
348
31,913
(9,662)
22,251
1,233
99,942
47,757
TOTAL ASSETS ..................................................................................................... $2,860,996

4,131
22,503
3,534
567
30,735
(7,984)
22,751
8,080
—
55,046
$2,780,666

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable .............................................................................................................
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 6) ...................................................................
Accrued taxes ...................................................................................................................
Accrued payroll and benefits ............................................................................................
Accrued interest ...............................................................................................................
Deferred revenue .............................................................................................................
Other current liabilities ......................................................................................................
Total current liabilities ..............................................................................................
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET OF DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS (NOTE 6) ............................
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (NOTE 16) .....................................
LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY (NOTE 4) .............................................................................
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES .....................................................................................
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTES 9 and 11)
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$18,160
82,000
3,032
8,869
5,205
11,440
22,480
151,186
973,129
25,311
90,481
83,247

$18,019
—
3,178
10,416
5,007
10,447
16,474
63,541
972,567
29,800
—
60,208

Common Shares, 480,000,000 shares authorized, 129,331,069 and 129,488,675 shares
888,177
issued and outstanding ...................................................................................................
583,006
Retained earnings ..............................................................................................................
(31,202)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (Note 22) ..............................................
1,439,981
TOTAL RAYONIER INC. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY..................................................
97,661
Noncontrolling interest .......................................................................................................
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY .............................................................................
1,537,642
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ............................................... $2,860,996

884,263
672,371
239
1,556,873
97,677
1,654,550
$2,780,666

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

54

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Thousands of dollars, except share data)

Common Shares

Shares

Amount

Retained
Earnings

Balance, December 31, 2016 ......................... 122,904,368

$709,867

$700,887

Cumulative-effect adjustment due to adoption
of ASU No. 2016-16 .....................................

Net income ......................................................

Dividends ($1.00 per share).............................

Issuance of shares under incentive stock

plans ............................................................

Stock-based compensation ..............................

Repurchase of common shares .......................

Actuarial change and amortization of pension
and postretirement plan liabilities.................

Foreign currency translation adjustment ..........

Cash flow hedges ............................................

Issuance of shares under equity offering, net

of costs ........................................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

(14,365)

148,842

(127,986)

322,314

—

(5,906)

4,751

5,396

(176)

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,750,000

152,390

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
$856

Non-
controlling
Interest

Shareholders’
Equity

$85,142

$1,496,752

—

—

—

—

—

—

(208)

7,416

5,353

—

12,737

—

—

—

—

—

1,698

340

(14,365)

161,579

(127,986)

4,751

5,396

(176)

(208)

9,114

5,693

—

—

152,390

Balance, December 31, 2017 ......................... 128,970,776

$872,228

$707,378

$13,417

$99,917

$1,692,940

Cumulative-effect adjustment due to adoption
of ASU No. 2018-02 .........................................

Net income ......................................................

Dividends ($1.06 per share).............................

Issuance of shares under incentive stock

plans ............................................................

Stock-based compensation ..............................

—

—

—

—

—

—

711

102,216

(137,934)

599,422

—

8,591

6,428

Repurchase of common shares .......................

(81,523)

(2,984)

Actuarial change and amortization of pension
and postretirement plan liabilities.................

Foreign currency translation adjustment ..........

Cash flow hedges ............................................

Distribution to minority shareholder .................

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Balance, December 31, 2018 ......................... 129,488,675

$884,263

$672,371

Net income ......................................................

Dividends ($1.08 per share).............................

Issuance of shares under incentive stock

plans ............................................................

Stock-based compensation ..............................

—

—

—

—

59,105

(140,040)

298,003

—

1,260

6,904

—

—

Repurchase of common shares .......................

(455,609)

(4,250)

(8,430)

Actuarial change and amortization of pension
and postretirement plan liabilities.................

Foreign currency translation adjustment ..........

Cash flow hedges ............................................

Distribution to minority shareholder .................

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(711)

—

—

—

—

—

(919)

(17,329)

5,781

—

$239

—

—

—

—

—

(1,350)

784

(30,875)

—

15,114

—

—

—

—

—

(5,430)

(752)

(11,172)

$97,677

8,573

—

—

—

—

—

179

393

—

(9,161)

—

117,330

(137,934)

8,591

6,428

(2,984)

(919)

(22,759)

5,029

(11,172)

$1,654,550

67,678

(140,040)

1,260

6,904

(12,680)

(1,350)

963

(30,482)

(9,161)

Balance, December 31, 2019 ......................... 129,331,069

$888,177

$583,006

($31,202)

$97,661

$1,537,642

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

55

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Thousands of dollars)

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net income .............................................................................................................................................

$67,678

$117,330

$161,579

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation, depletion and amortization ....................................................................................

128,235

144,121

127,566

2019

2018

2017

Non-cash cost of land and improved development ......................................................................

Stock-based incentive compensation expense ............................................................................

Deferred income taxes ................................................................................................................

Amortization of losses from pension and postretirement plans ....................................................

Gain on sale of large disposition of timberlands ..........................................................................

12,565

6,904

11,314

449

—

23,553

6,428

22,832

675

—

Other ...........................................................................................................................................

(4,999)

(2,613)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Receivables .................................................................................................................................

Inventories ...................................................................................................................................

Accounts payable ........................................................................................................................

Income tax receivable/payable ....................................................................................................

All other operating activities ........................................................................................................

(849)

1,224

(1,554)

—

(6,714)

765

1,773

(4,626)

—

(142)

13,684

5,396

21,980

465

(66,994)

(716)

(6,362)

(1,384)

3,435

(434)

(1,931)

CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES .......................................................................

214,253

310,096

256,284

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures ..............................................................................................................................

Real estate development investments ...................................................................................................

(63,996)

(6,803)

(62,325)

(9,501)

(65,345)

(15,784)

Purchase of timberlands ........................................................................................................................

(142,287)

(57,608)

(242,910)

Net proceeds from large disposition of timberlands ...............................................................................

Rayonier office building under construction ...........................................................................................

—

—

—

—

Other ......................................................................................................................................................

(6,304)

(3,421)

95,243

(6,084)

(373)

CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES ..............................................................................

(219,390)

(132,855)

(235,253)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Issuance of debt .....................................................................................................................................

82,000

1,014

63,389

Repayment of debt .................................................................................................................................

—

(54,416)

(100,157)

Dividends paid .......................................................................................................................................

(141,071)

(136,772)

(127,069)

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive stock plan ..........................................

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares from equity offering, net of costs .................................

Repurchase of common shares to pay withholding taxes on vested incentive stock awards .................

Repurchase of common shares under repurchase program ..................................................................

Proceeds from shareholder distribution hedge .......................................................................................

Distribution to minority shareholder ........................................................................................................

Debt issuance costs ...............................................................................................................................

1,260

—

(4,250)

(8,430)

135

(9,161)

(132)

8,591

—

(2,984)

—

2,025

(11,172)

—

CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES ..............................................................................

(79,649)

(193,714)

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH .......................................................................

(1,700)

571

4,751

152,390

(176)

—

—

—

—

(6,872)

580

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH (a)

Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash ..........................................................................

Balance, beginning of year .....................................................................................................................

Balance, end of year ..............................................................................................................................

(86,486)

156,454

$69,968

(15,902)

172,356

14,739

157,617

$156,454

$172,356

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

56

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Thousands of dollars)

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the year:

Interest (a) ............................................................................................................................

Income taxes ........................................................................................................................

$32,782
1,691

$33,120
2,150

$36,041
514

Non-cash investing activity:

Capital assets purchased on account ...................................................................................

3,568

2,001

3,809

2019

2018

2017

(a)

Interest paid is presented net of patronage payments received of $4.0 million, $4.1 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31,
2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For additional information on patronage payments, see Note 6 — Debt.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

57

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

1.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). These statements include the accounts of Rayonier 
Inc. and its subsidiaries, in which it has a majority ownership or controlling interest. As of March 2016, the Company 
maintains a 77% ownership interest in the New Zealand subsidiary, and, as such, consolidates its results of operations 
and Balance Sheet. The Company records a noncontrolling interest in its consolidated financial statements representing 
the minority ownership interest (23%) of the New Zealand subsidiary’s results of operations and equity. All intercompany 
balances and transactions are eliminated.

RECLASSIFICATIONS

During 2019, management reclassified Real Estate segment sales related to marketing fees and deferred revenue 
adjustments from Improved Development to Other. All prior period amounts previously reported have been reclassified. 
See Note 5 - Segment and Geographic Information.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities 
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. 
There are risks inherent in estimating and therefore actual results could differ from those estimates.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and other highly liquid investments with original maturities of 

three months or less.

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable are primarily amounts due to the Company for the sale of timber and are presented net of an 

allowance for doubtful accounts.

INVENTORY

HBU real estate properties that are expected to be sold within one year are included in inventory at the lower of 
cost or net realizable value. HBU properties that are expected to be sold after one year are included in a separate 
balance sheet line entitled “Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments.” See below 
for additional information.

Inventory also includes logs available to be sold by the Trading segment. Log inventory is recorded at the lower 
of cost or net realizable value and expensed to cost of sales when sold to third-party buyers. See Note 19 — Inventory 
for additional information.

PREPAID LOGGING ROADS

Costs for roads built in the Pacific Northwest and New Zealand to access particular tracts to be harvested in the 
upcoming 24 months to 60 months are recorded as prepaid logging roads. The Company charges such costs to expense 
as timber is harvested using an amortization rate determined annually as the total cost of prepaid roads divided by the 
estimated tons of timber to be accessed by those roads. The prepaid balance is classified as short-term or long-term 
based on the upcoming harvest schedule. See Note 21 — Other Assets for additional information.

DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS

Deferred financing costs related to revolving debt are capitalized and amortized to interest expense over the term 
of the revolving debt using a method that approximates the effective interest method. See Note 21 — Other Assets for 

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

additional information on deferred financing costs related to revolving debt. See Note 6 — Debt for additional information 
on deferred financing costs related to term debt.

CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE COSTS

Software costs are capitalized and amortized over a period not exceeding five years using the straight-line method.

TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS

Timber is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs relating to acquiring, planting and growing timber 
including real estate taxes, site preparation and direct support costs relating to facilities, vehicles and supplies, are 
capitalized. A portion of timberland lease payments are capitalized based on the proportion of acres with merchantable 
timber volume remaining to be harvested under the lease term and the residual portion of the lease payments are 
expensed as incurred. Payroll costs are capitalized for time spent on timber growing activities, while interest or any 
other intangible costs are not capitalized. An annual depletion rate is established for each particular region by dividing 
merchantable inventory cost by standing merchantable inventory volume, which is estimated annually. The Company 
charges accumulated costs attributed to merchantable timber to depletion expense (cost of sales) at the time the timber 
is harvested or when the underlying timberland is sold. 

Upon the acquisition of timberland, the Company makes a determination on whether to combine the newly acquired 
merchantable timber with an existing depletion pool or to create a new, separate pool. This determination is based on 
the  geographic  location  of  the  new  timber,  the  customers/markets  that  will  be  served  and  the  species  mix.  If  the 
acquisition is similar, the cost of the acquired timber is combined into an existing depletion pool and a new depletion 
rate is calculated for the pool. This determination and depletion rate adjustment normally occurs in the quarter following 
the acquisition.

HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS

HBU  timberland  is  recorded  at  the  lower  of  cost  or  net  realizable  value.  These  properties  are  managed  as 
timberlands until sold or developed, with sales and depletion expense related to the harvesting of timber accounted 
for within the respective timber segment. At the time of sale, the cost basis of any unharvested timber is recorded as 
depletion expense, a component of cost of sales, within the Real Estate segment.

Real estate development investments include capitalized costs for targeted infrastructure improvements, such as 
roadways and utilities. HBU timberland and real estate development investments expected to be sold within twelve 
months are recorded as inventory. See Note 7 — Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development 
Investments for additional information.

PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT AND DEPRECIATION

Property, plant and equipment additions are recorded at cost, including applicable freight, interest, construction 
and installation costs. The Company generally depreciates its assets, including office and transportation equipment, 
using the straight-line depreciation method over 3 to 25 years. Buildings and land improvements are depreciated using 
the straight-line method over 15 to 35 years and 5 to 30 years, respectively.

  Gains and losses on the sale or retirement of assets are included in operating income. Long-lived assets are 
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may 
not  be  recoverable.  Recoverability  of  assets  that  are  held  and  used  is  measured  by  net  undiscounted  cash  flows 
expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized 
is the amount the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets, which is based on a discounted cash flow model. 
Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

LEASES

At inception, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease and whether that lease meets the classification 
criteria of a finance or operating lease. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current 
liabilities, and long-term lease liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

ROU  assets  represent  the  Company’s  right  to  use  an  underlying  asset  for  the  lease  term  and  lease  liabilities 
represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities 
are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the 
lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses its incremental 
borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term. Lease terms 
may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that 
option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS IMPAIRMENT

  Operating lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances 
indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group to which the operating lease is assigned may not be recoverable. 
Recoverability of the asset group is evaluated based on forecasted undiscounted cash flows. If the carrying amount 
of the asset group is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset group is compared to its carrying amount and an 
impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. A discounted 
cash flow approach using market participant assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate are used to 
estimate the fair value of the asset group.

INVESTMENTS

Investments at December 31, 2019 consisted of marketable equity securities. Investments are carried at fair value 
based on quoted prices in their active market with both the realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as interest 
and dividends reported in “Interest and other miscellaneous income, net.”

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an 
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between 
market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair 
value was established as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar 
assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that 
are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the 
fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies 
and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

GOODWILL

  Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition cost of the New Zealand Timber segment over the fair value of 
the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is periodically reviewed for impairment. An impairment test for 
this reporting unit’s goodwill is performed annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the value of 
goodwill  may  be  impaired. The  Company  compares  the  fair  value  of  the  New  Zealand Timber  segment,  using  an 
independent valuation for the New Zealand forest assets, to its carrying value including goodwill. The independent 
valuation of the New Zealand forest assets is based on discounted cash flow models where the fair value is calculated 
using cash flows from sustainable forest management plans. The fair value of the forest assets is measured as the 
present  value  of  cash  flows  from  one  growth  cycle  based  on  the  productive  forest  land,  taking  into  consideration 
environmental, operational, and market restrictions. These cash flow valuations involve a number of estimates that 
require broad assumptions and significant judgment regarding future performance. The annual impairment test was 
performed as of October 1, 2019; the estimated fair value of the New Zealand Timber segment exceeded its carrying 
value and no impairment was recorded. Except for changes in the New Zealand foreign exchange rate, there have 
been no adjustments to the carrying value of goodwill since the initial recognition. Note 21 — Other Assets for additional 
information.

60

 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION AND REMEASUREMENT

The functional currency of the Company’s New Zealand-based operations is the New Zealand dollar. All assets 
and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the respective balance sheet dates. 
Translation gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 
(“AOCI”), within Shareholders’ Equity.

U.S. denominated transactions of the New Zealand subsidiary are remeasured into New Zealand dollars at the 
exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction and recognized in earnings, net of related cash flow hedges. All 
income statement items of the New Zealand subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes using 
monthly average exchange rates with translation gains and losses being recorded as a separate component of AOCI, 
within Shareholders’ Equity.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company recognizes revenues when control of promised goods or services (“performance obligations”) is 
transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or services 
(“transaction price”). The Company generally satisfies performance obligations within a year of entering into a contract 
and  therefore  has  applied  the  disclosure  exemption  found  under  ASC  606-10-50-14.  Unsatisfied  performance 
obligations as of December 31, 2019 are primarily due to advances on stumpage contracts and unearned hunt license 
revenue. These performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months. The Company 
generally collects payment within a year of satisfying performance obligations and therefore has elected not to adjust 
revenues for a financing component.  

TIMBER SALES

Revenue from the sale of timber is recognized when control passes to the buyer. The Company utilizes two primary 
methods or sales channels for the sale of timber – a stumpage/standing timber model and a delivered log model. The 
sales method the Company employs depends upon local market conditions and which method management believes 
will provide the best overall margins. 

Under the stumpage model, standing timber is sold primarily under pay-as-cut contracts, with a specified duration 
(typically one year or less) and fixed prices, whereby revenue is recognized as timber is severed and the sales volume 
is determined. The Company also sells stumpage under lump-sum contracts for specified parcels where the Company 
receives cash for the full agreed value of the timber prior to harvest and control passes to the buyer upon signing the 
contract. The Company retains interest in the land, slash products and the use of the land for recreational and other 
purposes. Any uncut timber remaining at the end of the contract period reverts to the Company. Revenue is recognized 
for lump-sum timber sales when payment is received, the contract is signed and control passes to the buyer. A third 
type of stumpage sale the Company utilizes is an agreed-volume sale, whereby revenue is recognized using the output 
method, as periodic physical observations are made of the percentage of acreage harvested. 

Under the delivered log model, the Company hires third-party loggers and haulers to harvest timber and deliver it 
to a buyer. Sales of domestic logs generally do not require an initial payment and are made to third-party customers 
on open credit terms. Sales of export logs generally require a letter of credit from an approved bank. Revenue is 
recognized when the logs are delivered and control has passed to the buyer. For domestic log sales, control is considered 
passed to the buyer as the logs are delivered to the customer’s facility. For export log sales (primarily in New Zealand), 
control is considered passed to the buyer upon delivery onto the export vessel. 

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table summarizes revenue recognition and general payment terms for timber sales:

Contract Type

Performance 
Obligation

Timing of 
Revenue Recognition 

Stumpage Pay-as-Cut

Stumpage Lump Sum

Stumpage Agreed Volume

Right to harvest a unit (i.e.
ton, MBF, JAS m3) of
standing timber

Right to harvest an agreed
upon acreage of standing
timber

Right to harvest an agreed
upon volume of standing
timber

As timber is severed 
(point-in-time)

As timber is severed
 (over-time)

Delivered Wood (Domestic)

Delivery of a unit (i.e. ton,
MBF, JAS m3) of timber to
customer’s facility

Upon delivery to 
customer’s facility
 (point-in-time)

Delivered Wood (Export)

Delivery of a unit (i.e. ton,
MBF, JAS m3) onto export
vessel

Upon delivery onto export 
vessel
 (point-in-time)

General 
Payment Terms
Initial payment between
5% and 20% of estimated
contract value; collection
generally within 10 days of
severance

Payments made throughout
contract term at the earlier of a
specified harvest percentage
or time elapsed

No initial payment and on
open credit terms; collection
generally within 30 days of
invoice

Letter of credit from an
approved bank; collection
generally within 30 days of
delivery

Contract execution 
(point-in-time)

Full payment due upon
contract execution

NON-TIMBER SALES

Non-timber sales are primarily comprised of hunting and recreational licenses. Such sales and any related costs 
are recognized ratably over the term of the agreement and included in “Sales” and “Cost of sales”, respectively. Payment 
is generally due upon contract execution.

LOG TRADING

Log trading revenue is generally recognized when procured logs are delivered to the buyer and control has passed. 
For domestic log trading, control is considered passed to the buyer as the logs are delivered to the customer’s facility. 
For export log trading, control is considered passed to the buyer upon delivery onto the export vessel. The Trading 
segment also includes sales from log agency contracts, whereby the Company acts as an agent managing export 
services on behalf of third parties. Revenue for log agency fees are recognized net of related costs. 

REAL ESTATE

The  Company  recognizes  revenue  on  sales  of  real  estate  generally  at  the  point  in  time  when  cash  has  been 
received, the sale has closed and control has passed to the buyer. A deposit of 5% is generally required at the time a 
purchase and sale agreement is executed, with the balance due at closing. On sales of real estate containing future 
performance obligations, revenue is recognized using the input method based on costs incurred to date relative to the 
total costs expected to fulfill the performance obligations in the contract with the customer. 

COST OF SALES

 Cost of sales associated with timber operations primarily include the cost basis of timber sold (depletion) and 
logging and transportation costs (cut and haul). Depletion includes the amortization of capitalized costs (site preparation, 
planting and fertilization, real estate taxes, timberland lease payments and certain payroll costs). Other costs include 
amortization of capitalized costs related to road and bridge construction and software, depreciation of fixed assets and 
equipment, road maintenance, severance and excise taxes and fire prevention.

Cost of sales associated with real estate sold includes the cost of the land, the cost of any timber on the property 
that was conveyed to the buyer, any real estate development costs and any closing costs including sales commissions 
that may be borne by the Company. The Company expenses closing costs, including sales commissions, when incurred 
for all real estate sales with future performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year. 

62

 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

When  developed  residential  or  commercial  land  is  sold,  the  cost  of  sales  includes  actual  costs  incurred  and 
estimates of future development costs benefiting the property sold through completion. Costs are allocated to each 
sold unit or lot based upon the relative sales value. For purposes of allocating development costs, estimates of future 
revenues and development costs are re-evaluated periodically throughout the year, with adjustments being allocated 
prospectively to the remaining units available for sale.

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The determination of expense and funding requirements for Rayonier’s defined benefit pension plan, its unfunded 
excess pension plan and its postretirement life insurance plan are largely based on a number of actuarial assumptions. 
The  key  assumptions  include  discount  rate,  return  on  assets,  salary  increases,  mortality  rates  and  longevity  of 
employees. See Note 16 — Employee Benefit Plans for assumptions used to determine benefit obligations, and the 
net periodic benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Periodic pension and other postretirement expense is included in “Cost of sales,” “Selling and general expenses” 
and “Interest and other miscellaneous income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive 
Income. The service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is included in “Cost of sales” and “Selling and general 
expenses” while the other components of net periodic benefit cost (interest cost, expected return on plan assets and 
amortization of losses or gains) are presented outside of income from operations in “Interest and other miscellaneous 
income,  net.”  At  December 31,  2019  and  2018,  the  Company’s  pension  plans  were  in  a  net  liability  position 
(underfunded) of $23.8 million and $28.6 million, respectively. The estimated amount to be paid in the next 12 months 
is recorded in “Accrued payroll and benefits” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the remainder recorded as a 
long-term liability in “Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits.” Changes in the funded status of the Company’s 
plans are recorded through other comprehensive (loss) income in the year in which the changes occur. The Company 
measures plan assets and benefit obligations as of the fiscal year-end. See Note 16 — Employee Benefit Plans for 
additional information. 

INCOME TAXES

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the 
financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, operating loss carryforwards 
and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured pursuant to tax laws using rates expected 
to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. 
The  Company  recognizes  the  effect  of  a  change  in  income  tax  rates  on  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in the period that includes the enactment date of the 
rate change. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it 
is more-likely-than-not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized.

In determining the provision for income taxes, the Company computes an annual effective income tax rate based 
on annual income by legal entity, permanent differences between book and tax, and statutory income tax rates by 
jurisdiction. Inherent in the effective tax rate is an assessment of the ultimate outcome of current period uncertain tax 
positions. The Company adjusts its annual effective tax rate as additional information on outcomes or events becomes 
available. Discrete items such as taxing authority examination findings or legislative changes are recognized in the 
period in which they occur.

The Company’s income tax returns are subject to audit by U.S. federal, state and foreign taxing authorities. In 
evaluating the tax benefits associated with various tax filing positions, the Company records a tax benefit for an uncertain 
tax position if it is more-likely-than-not to be realized upon ultimate settlement of the issue. The Company records a 
liability for an uncertain tax position that does not meet this criterion. The Company adjusts its liabilities for uncertain 
tax benefits in the period in which it is determined the issue is settled with the taxing authorities, the statute of limitations 
expires for the relevant taxing authority to examine the tax position or when new facts or information become available. 
See Note 10 — Income Taxes for additional information. 

63

 
 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), on January 1, 

2019 and elected to apply the standard as of that day. 

The Company applied the following practical expedients in the transition to the new standard as allowed under 

ASC 842-10-65-1:

Practical Expedient

Reassessment of expired or existing contracts

Use of hindsight

Reassessment of existing or expired land
easements

Description
The Company elected not to reassess, at the application date, whether any 
expired or existing contracts contained leases, the lease classification for any 
expired or existing leases, and the accounting for initial direct costs for any 
existing leases.

The Company elected to use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, 
when considering options to extend or terminate the lease and to purchase the 
underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of right-of-use assets.

The Company elected not to evaluate existing or expired land easements that 
were not previously accounted for as leases under ASC 840, as allowed under 
the  transition  practical  expedient.  Going  forward,  new  or  modified  land 
easements will be evaluated under ASU No. 2016-02.

The  Company  adopted ASU  No.  2017-12,  Derivatives  and  Hedging  (Topic  815):  Targeted  Improvements  to 
Accounting for Hedging Activities in the first quarter ended March 31, 2019 with no material impact on the consolidated 
financial statements. 

The Company  adopted ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-
employee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting  in  the  first  quarter  ended  March  31,  2019  with  no  impact  on  the 
consolidated financial statements.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), which requires 
companies to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to estimate 
the lifetime "expected credit loss" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the 
financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The CECL model applies to 
all  financial  assets,  including  trade  receivables. ASU  No.  2016-13  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after 
December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect a material impact 
on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. 

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Pope Resources Acquisition

  On January 15, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement under which Rayonier will acquire 
all of the outstanding limited partnership units of Pope Resources, A Delaware Limited Partnership for consideration 
consisting of equity and cash.  Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, elections of cash versus equity will be subject 
to proration to ensure that the ratio of cash and equity would be equal to the amounts issued as if every Pope Resources 
unit received 2.751 Rayonier common shares or Rayonier operating partnership units and $37.50 in cash. The merger 
agreement also provides for Rayonier to acquire the general partner entities of Pope Resources, Pope MGP, Inc. and 
Pope EGP, Inc., for consideration consisting of $10 million of cash. This transaction is expected to close in mid-2020. 

64

 
 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

2.

REVENUE

Adoption of ASC 606

The Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), on January 1, 
2018. The Company elected to apply the modified retrospective method to contracts that were not completed at the 
date of adoption. The Company also elected not to retrospectively restate contracts modified prior to January 1, 2018. 
A cumulative effect of adoption adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings was not recorded as there was 
no accounting impact to any contracts with customers not completed at the date of adoption.

Contract Balances

The  timing  of  revenue  recognition,  invoicing  and  cash  collections  results  in  accounts  receivable  and  deferred 
revenue (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when the Company 
has an unconditional right to consideration for completed performance under the contract. Contract liabilities relate to 
payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as 
(or when) the Company performs under the contract.

The following table summarizes revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 that 

was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year:

Revenue recognized from contract liability balance at the beginning of the year (a) ...........

$10,039

$9,004

(a) Revenue recognized was primarily from hunting licenses and the use of advances on pay-as-cut timber sales.

Year Ended December 31,

2019

2018

65

 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by product type for the years ended 

December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

Southern
Timber

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New
Zealand
Timber

Real
Estate

Trading

Elim.

Total

Year Ended

December 31, 2019
Pulpwood ......................................................
Sawtimber .....................................................
Hardwood ......................................................
Total Timber Sales ..............................
License Revenue, Primarily From Hunting ....
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue .............
Agency Fee Income ......................................
Total Non-Timber Sales ......................
Improved Development .................................
Unimproved Development .............................
Rural .............................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic ........................
Other .............................................................
Total Real Estate Sales .......................

$86,537
67,360
5,259
159,156
18,270
16,685
—
34,955
—
—
—
—
—
—

Revenue from Contracts with Customers......
Intersegment .................................................
Total Revenue ......................................

194,111
—
$194,111

December 31, 2018
Pulpwood ......................................................
Sawtimber .....................................................
Hardwood ......................................................
Total Timber Sales ..............................
License Revenue, Primarily from Hunting .....
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue .............
Agency Fee Income ......................................
Total Non-Timber Sales ......................
Improved Development .................................
Unimproved Development .............................
Rural .............................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic ........................
Other .............................................................
Total Real Estate Sales .......................

$80,134
60,295
3,433
143,863
16,285
9,847
—
26,132
—
—
—
—
—
—

$10,350
72,377
—
82,727
717
1,970
—
2,687
—
—
—
—
—
—

85,414
—
$85,414

$14,305
92,166
—
106,471
709
2,652
—
3,361
—
—
—
—
—
—

$32,925
198,481
—
231,406
361
10,094
—
10,455
—
—
—
—
—
—

241,861
—
$241,861

$28,737
213,206
—
241,943
401
6,670
—
7,071
—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5,882
19,476
29,852
19,133
544
74,887

74,887
—
$74,887

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8,336
8,621
22,689
98,872
57
138,575

$13,351
101,255
—
114,606
—
—
677
677
—
—
—
—
—
—

— $143,163
439,473
—
5,259
—
587,895
—
19,348
—
28,749
—
677
—
48,774
—
5,882
—
19,476
—
29,852
—
19,133
—
544
—
74,887
—

115,283
155
$115,438

—
(155)
($155)

711,556
—
$711,556

$13,771
134,299
—
148,070
—
—
652
652
—
—
—
—
—
—

— $136,947
499,966
—
3,433
—
640,347
—
17,395
—
19,169
—
652
—
37,216
—
8,336
—
8,621
—
22,689
—
98,872
—
—
57
138,575
—

Revenue from Contracts with Customers......
Intersegment .................................................
Total Revenue ......................................

169,995
—
$169,995

109,832
—
$109,832

249,014
—
$249,014

138,575
—
$138,575

148,722
92
$148,814

—
(92)
($92)

816,138
—
$816,138

December 31, 2017
Pulpwood ......................................................
Sawtimber .....................................................
Hardwood ......................................................
Total Timber Sales ..............................
License Revenue, Primarily from Hunting .....
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue .............
Agency Fee Income ......................................
Total Non-Timber Sales ......................
Improved Development .................................
Unimproved Development .............................
Rural .............................................................
Timberlands & Non-Strategic ........................
Large Dispositions ........................................
Other .............................................................
Total Real Estate Sales .......................

$67,836
50,891
3,912
122,639
16,004
5,867
—
21,871
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

Revenue from Contracts with Customers......
Total Revenue ......................................

144,510
$144,510

$24,934
197,521
—
222,455
227
617
—
844
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,889
16,405
18,632
70,590
95,351
(541)
207,326

$13,352
137,854
—
151,206
—
—
1,378
1,378
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

223,299
$223,299

207,326
$207,326

152,584
$152,584

$11,242
77,477
—
88,719
646
2,512
—
3,158
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

91,877
$91,877

66

— $117,364
463,743
—
3,912
—
585,019
—
16,877
—
8,996
—
1,378
—
27,251
—
6,889
—
16,405
—
18,632
—
70,590
—
95,351
—
(541)
—
207,326
—

819,596
—
— $819,596

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present our timber sales disaggregated by contract type for the years ended December 31, 

2019, 2018 and 2017:

Year Ended

December 31, 2019
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut .................................................

Stumpage Lump Sum .................................................

Total Stumpage ...................................................

Delivered Wood (Domestic) ........................................

Delivered Wood (Export) .............................................

Total Delivered ....................................................

Southern
Timber

Pacific
Northwest
Timber

New Zealand
Timber

Trading

Total

$71,943
7,428

79,371

71,054

8,731

79,785

—
2,749

2,749

79,978

—
79,978

—

—

—

—

—

—

80,974

150,432

231,406

5,488

109,118

114,606

$71,943

10,177

82,120

237,494

268,281

505,775

Total Timber Sales ......................................................

$159,156

$82,727

$231,406

$114,606

$587,895

December 31, 2018
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut .................................................

Stumpage Lump Sum .................................................

Total Stumpage ...................................................

Delivered Wood (Domestic) ........................................

Delivered Wood (Export) .............................................

Total Delivered ....................................................

$72,385
4,988

77,373

60,931

5,559

66,490

—
11,854

11,854

94,617

—
94,617

—

—

—

—

—

—

90,631

151,312

241,943

6,141

141,929

148,070

$72,385

16,842

89,227

252,320

298,800

551,120

Total Timber Sales ......................................................

$143,863

$106,471

$241,943

$148,070

$640,347

December 31, 2017
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut .................................................

Stumpage Lump Sum .................................................

Stumpage Agreed Volume ..........................................

Total Stumpage ...................................................

Delivered Wood (Domestic) ........................................

Delivered Wood (Export) .............................................

Total Delivered ....................................................

$71,120
9,093

—
80,213

42,426

—
42,426

—
10,628

1,234

11,862

76,857

—
76,857

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

84,221

138,234

222,455

6,044

145,162

151,206

$71,120

19,721

1,234

92,075

209,548

283,396

492,944

Total Timber Sales ......................................................

$122,639

$88,719

$222,455

$151,206

$585,019

3.

TIMBERLAND ACQUISITIONS

In 2019, the Company acquired approximately 62,000 acres of U.S. timberland located in Florida, Georgia, Texas,
and Washington through sixteen transactions for an aggregate value of $106.3 million. Approximately $29.8 million of 
these acquisitions were acquired using like-kind exchange proceeds while the remaining $76.5 million were funded 
from operating cash flow and the use of the Company’s revolving credit facility. Additionally, during 2019, the Company 
acquired approximately 9,000 acres of timberland (including approximately 2,000 acres of leased land) in New Zealand 
for approximately $36.0 million. These acquisitions were funded from operating cash flow. 

In 2018, the Company acquired approximately 26,000 acres of U.S. timberland in Florida, Georgia and Texas for 
$45.9 million of like-kind exchange proceeds. Additionally, in two transactions during 2018, the Company acquired 
forestry rights covering approximately 4,000 acres of timberland in New Zealand for approximately $11.7 million. These 
acquisitions were funded from operating cash flow and use of the New Zealand subsidiary’s working capital facility. 

See  Note  6  -  Debt  for  additional  information  on  the  Company’s  revolving  credit  facility  and  the  New  Zealand 

subsidiary’s working capital facility.

67

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table summarizes the timberland acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Florida .................................................................................................
Georgia ...............................................................................................
Texas ...................................................................................................
Washington .........................................................................................
New Zealand .......................................................................................
Total Acquisitions ..............................................................................

2019

2018

Cost
$71,183
13,395
14,349
7,340
36,020
$142,287

Acres

42,522
10,271
6,643
2,260
9,223
70,919

Cost
$35,560
2,532
7,851
—
11,665
$57,608

Acres

20,513
2,232
3,279
—
3,833
29,857

4.

LEASES

ADOPTION OF ASC 842

For more information on the adoption of ASC 842, including required transition disclosures, see Note 1 - 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

TIMBERLAND LEASES

U.S. timberland leases typically have initial terms of approximately 30 to 65 years, with renewal provisions in some 
cases. New Zealand timberland lease terms typically range between 30 and 99 years. New Zealand lease arrangements 
generally consist of Crown Forest Licenses (“CFLs”), forestry rights and land leases. A CFL is a license arrangement 
to use government or privately owned lands to operate a commercial forest. CFLs generally extend indefinitely and 
may only be terminated upon a 35-year termination notice. If no termination notice is given, the CFLs renew automatically 
each year for a one-year term. Alternatively, some CFLs extend for a specific term. Once a CFL is terminated, the 
Company may be able to obtain a forestry right from the subsequent owner. A forestry right is a license arrangement 
with a private entity to use their lands to operate a commercial forest. Forestry rights terminate either upon the issuance 
of a termination notice (which can last 35 to 45 years), completion of harvest, or a specified termination date.

As of December 31, 2019, the New Zealand subsidiary has two CFLs comprising 9,000 acres under termination 
notice that are being relinquished as harvest activities are concluded, as well as two fixed-term CFLs comprising 3,000
acres expiring in 2062. Additionally, the New Zealand subsidiary has two forestry rights comprising 32,000 acres under 
termination notice that are being relinquished as harvest activities are concluded in 2026 and 2030.

OTHER NON-TIMBERLAND LEASES

In addition to timberland holdings, the Company leases properties for certain office locations. Significant leased 
properties include a regional office in Lufkin, Texas; a Pacific Northwest Timber office in Hoquiam, Washington and a 
New Zealand Timber and Trading headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand.

LEASE MATURITIES, LEASE COST AND OTHER LEASE INFORMATION

The following table details the Company’s undiscounted lease obligations as of December 31, 2019 by type of 

lease and year of expiration:

Lease obligations

Operating lease liabilities

Total

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Thereafter

$193,320

$10,028

$9,293

$8,413

$8,355

$8,281

$148,950

Total Undiscounted Cash Flows

$193,320

$10,028

$9,293

$8,413

$8,355

$8,281

$148,950

Year of Expiration

Imputed interest

Balance at December 31, 2019

Less: Current portion

Non-current portion at December 31, 2019

(92,796)

100,524

(10,043)

$90,481

68

 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table details components of the Company’s lease cost for year ended December 31, 2019:

Lease Cost Components

Operating lease cost

Variable lease cost (a)

Total lease cost (b)

Year Ended
December 31,

2019

$10,870

235

$11,105

(a) The majority of timberland leases are subject to increases or decreases based on either the Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index or

market rates.

(b) Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense for these leases are expensed

on a straight line basis over the lease term. Short-term lease expense was not material for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table details components of the Company’s lease cost for the year ended December 31, 2019:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

     Operating cash flows from operating leases

     Investing cash flows from operating leases

Total cash flows from operating leases

Weighted-average remaining lease term in years - operating leases

Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases

Year Ended
December 31,

2019

$2,567

8,303

$10,870

28

5%

The Company applied the following practical expedients upon adoption of the new standard as allowed under 

ASC 842:

Practical Expedient

Short-term leases

Separation of lease and non-lease
components

Description
The Company does not record right-of-use assets or liabilities for short-term leases (a 
lease that at commencement date has a lease term of 12 months or less and does not 
contain a purchase option that is reasonably certain to be exercised).

The Company does not separate non-lease components from the associated lease 
components if they have the same timing and pattern of transfer and, if accounted for 
separately, would both be classified as an operating lease.

5.

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Rayonier operates in five reportable segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber, New Zealand Timber, 

Real Estate and Trading. 

See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a discussion of the current year reclassification of 
Real Estate segment sales related to marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments from Improved Development 
to Other.

Sales between operating segments are made based on estimated fair market value, and intercompany sales, 
purchases and profits (losses) are eliminated in consolidation. The Company evaluates financial performance based 
on  segment  operating  income  (loss)  and Adjusted  EBITDA. Asset  information  is  not  reported  by  segment,  as  the 
company does not produce asset information by segment internally.

69

 
 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

  Operating income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is equal 
to segment income. Certain income (loss) items in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income 
are not allocated to segments. These items, which include interest income (expense), miscellaneous income (expense) 
and income tax expense, are not considered by management to be part of segment operations and are included under 
“Corporate and other.”

Segment information for each of the three years ended December 31, 2019 follows:

Southern Timber ................................................................................................................. $194,111
Pacific Northwest Timber ....................................................................................................

85,414

New Zealand Timber

..........................................................................................................

241,861

Real Estate

2019

Sales by Product Line
2018
$169,995

2017
$144,510

109,832

249,014

91,877

223,299

Improved Development

.............................................................................................

Unimproved Development .........................................................................................

Rural

.........................................................................................................................

Timberlands & Non-Strategic ....................................................................................

Large Dispositions ....................................................................................................

Other (a)

...................................................................................................................

5,882

19,476

29,852

19,133

—

544

8,336

8,621

22,689

98,872

—

57

Total Real Estate ................................................................................................................

Trading ...............................................................................................................................

74,887

115,438

138,575

148,814

6,889

16,405

18,632

70,590

95,351

(541)

207,326

152,584

Intersegment eliminations ..................................................................................................

(155)
Total Sales ............................................................................................................... $711,556

(92)

—

$816,138

$819,596

(a)

Includes marketing fees and deferred revenue adjustments related to Improved Development sales.

Operating Income (Loss)
2018
$44,245

2019
$57,804

2017
$42,254

(12,427)

48,035

38,665

8

8,137

62,754

76,240

953

1,127

57,567

130,856

4,578

(25,058)

(22,261)

(20,891)

107,027

170,068

215,491

(26,409)

(27,502)

(32,231)

$80,618

$142,566

$183,260

Southern Timber
Pacific Northwest Timber

................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................

New Zealand Timber ..........................................................................................................

Real Estate (a)

...................................................................................................................

Trading ..............................................................................................................................
Corporate and other ...........................................................................................................
Total Operating Income ............................................................................................

Unallocated interest expense and other .............................................................................
Total Income before Income Taxes .....................................................................................

(a) The year 2017 includes Large Dispositions of $67.0 million.

70

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

Capital Expenditures (a)

Southern Timber
..................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber .....................................................................................................

New Zealand Timber

...........................................................................................................

Real Estate ..........................................................................................................................

Corporate and other

............................................................................................................

$34,574

$35,388

$34,476

11,220

17,357

204

641

9,311

17,318

284

24

10,254

17,046

1,348

2,221

Total capital expenditures ...........................................................................................

$63,996

$62,325

$65,345

Gross Capital Expenditures
2017
2018
2019

Timberland Acquisitions

Southern Timber

..................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber .....................................................................................................
New Zealand Timber

36,020
Total timberland acquisitions ...................................................................................... $142,287

...........................................................................................................

7,340

—

11,665

1,483

21,376

$57,608

$242,910

$98,927

$45,943

$220,051

Total Gross Capital Expenditures .................................................................................... $206,283

$119,933

$308,255

(a) Excludes timberland acquisitions presented separately in addition to spending on the Rayonier office building of $6.1 million in 2017 and real

estate development investments of $6.8 million, $9.5 million and $15.8 million in the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Southern Timber

..................................................................................................................
Pacific Northwest Timber .....................................................................................................
New Zealand Timber

...........................................................................................................

Real Estate (a)
Corporate and other

....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

1,157
........................................................................................................................... $128,235

Total

Depreciation,
Depletion and Amortization
2017
2018
2019
$49,357
$58,609
$61,923

29,165

27,761

8,229

32,779

28,007

23,566

1,160

32,008

27,499

36,343

794

$144,121

$146,001

(a) The year 2017 includes Large Dispositions of $18.4 million.

Real Estate (a)

.........................................................................................................................

(a) The year 2017 includes Large Dispositions of $9.8 million.

Geographical Operating Information

Non-Cash Cost of Land and
Improved Development
2018
$23,553

2019
$12,565

2017
$23,498

2019

United States .......... $354,395
New Zealand ..........

357,161
Total .............. $711,556

Sales
2018
$390,396

2017
$419,402

Operating Income
2018
$83,357

2019
$58,945

2017
$138,528

Identifiable Assets
2018
2019
$2,282,480
$2,288,642

425,742

400,194

48,082

86,711

76,963

572,354

498,186

$816,138

$819,596

$107,027

$170,068

$215,491

$2,860,996

$2,780,666

71

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

6.

DEBT

Rayonier’s debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Term Credit Agreement due 2024 at a variable interest rate of 3.3% at December 31, 2019

$350,000

$350,000

2019

2018

Senior Notes due 2022 at a fixed interest rate of 3.75%

Incremental Term Loan Agreement due 2026 at a variable interest rate of 3.6% at December 31,
2019

Revolving Credit Facility due 2020 at a variable interest rate of 3.0% at December 31, 2019
Total debt

Less: Current maturities of long-term debt
Less: Deferred financing costs

Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs

325,000

325,000

300,000

300,000

82,000

—

1,057,000

975,000

(82,000)

(1,871)

—

(2,433)

$973,129

$972,567

Principal payments due during the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 

2020 .........................................................................................................................................................................

2021 .........................................................................................................................................................................

2022 .........................................................................................................................................................................

2023 .........................................................................................................................................................................

2024 .........................................................................................................................................................................

82,000

—

325,000

—

350,000

Thereafter

Total debt

................................................................................................................................................................

300,000
................................................................................................................................................................. $1,057,000

TERM CREDIT AGREEMENT

In August 2015, the Company entered into a credit agreement with CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent, and a 
syndicate of Farm Credit institutions and other commercial banks to provide $550 million of new credit facilities, including 
a nine-year $350 million term loan facility. The periodic interest rate on the term loan facility is subject to a pricing grid 
based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the periodic 
interest rate on the term loan facility was LIBOR plus 1.625%. Monthly payments of interest only are due on this loan 
through maturity. Following the closing of the term loan, the Company entered into several interest rate swap transactions 
to fix the cost of the term loan facility over its nine-year term. The term credit agreement allows the Company to receive 
annual patronage payments, which are profit distributions made by a cooperative to its member-users based on the 
quantity or value of business done with the member-user. The Company estimates the effective interest rate on the 
term loan facility to be approximately 3.3% after consideration of the interest rate swaps and estimated patronage 
refunds.  For  additional  information  on  the  Company’s  interest  rate  swaps  see  Note  14  —  Derivative  Financial 
Instruments and Hedging Activities. 

3.75% SENIOR NOTES ISSUED MARCH 2012

In  March  2012,  Rayonier  Inc.  issued  $325  million  of  3.75%  Senior  Notes  due  2022,  guaranteed  by  certain 
subsidiaries.  Semi-annual  payments  of  interest  only  are  due  on  these  notes  through  maturity.  See  Note  24  - 
Consolidating Financial Statements for further information regarding the subsidiary guarantors.

72

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

INCREMENTAL TERM LOAN AGREEMENT

      In April 2016, the Company entered into an incremental term loan agreement with CoBank, ACB, as administrative 
agent, and a syndicate of Farm Credit institutions to provide a 10-year, $300 million incremental term loan. The periodic 
interest rate on the incremental term loan agreement is subject to a pricing grid based on the Company’s leverage 
ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the periodic interest rate on the incremental term 
loan was LIBOR plus 1.900%. Monthly payments of interest only are due on this loan through maturity. Following the 
closing of the incremental term loan, the Company entered into several interest rate swap transactions to fix the cost 
of the facility over its 10-year term. The Company estimates the effective interest rate on the incremental term loan 
facility to be approximately 2.8% after consideration of the interest rate swaps and estimated patronage payments. 
For additional information on the Company’s interest rate swaps see Note 14 — Derivative Financial Instruments and 
Hedging Activities. 

REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

In August 2015, the Company entered into a five-year $200 million unsecured revolving credit facility, replacing 
the previous $200 million revolving credit facility and $100 million farm credit facility, which were scheduled to expire 
in April 2016 and December 2019, respectively. The periodic interest rate on the revolving credit facility is subject to a 
pricing grid based on the Company’s leverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the 
periodic interest rate on the revolving credit facility was LIBOR plus 1.250%, with an unused commitment fee of 0.175%. 
Monthly payments of interest only are due on this loan through maturity. At December 31, 2019, the Company had 
$116.5 million of available borrowings under this facility, net of $1.5 million to secure its outstanding letters of credit. 

NEW ZEALAND SUBSIDIARY DEBT

In April 2013, Rayonier acquired an additional 39% interest in its New Zealand subsidiary, bringing its total ownership 
to 65%, and as a result, the New Zealand subsidiary’s debt was consolidated effective on that date. On March 3, 2016, 
as a result of a capital contribution, the Company’s ownership interest in the New Zealand subsidiary increased to 
77%. See Note 8 — New Zealand Subsidiary for further information.

WORKING CAPITAL FACILITIES

In June 2019, the New Zealand subsidiary renewed its NZ$20 million working capital facility for an additional 12-
month term. The NZ$20 million working capital facility is available for short-term operating cash flow needs of the New 
Zealand subsidiary. This facility holds a variable interest rate indexed to the 90-day New Zealand Bank Bill rate (“BKBM”). 
The margins are set for the term of the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the New Zealand subsidiary 
made no borrowings and repayments on its working capital facility. At December 31, 2019, there was no outstanding 
balance on the working capital facility.

DEBT COVENANTS

In connection with the Company’s $350 million term credit agreement (the “Term Credit Agreement”), $300 million
incremental term loan agreement (the “Incremental Term Loan Agreement”) and $200 million revolving credit facility 
(the  “Revolving  Credit  Facility”),  customary  covenants  must  be  met,  the  most  significant  of  which  include  interest 
coverage and leverage ratios.

In addition to these financial covenants listed above, the Senior Notes, Term Credit Agreement, Incremental Term 
Loan Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility include customary covenants that limit the incurrence of debt and the 
disposition of assets, among others. At December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

73

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

7.

HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS

Rayonier continuously assesses potential alternative uses of its timberlands, as some properties may become 
more valuable for development, residential, recreation or other purposes. The Company periodically transfers, via a 
sale or contribution from the REIT to taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), HBU timberlands to enable land-use entitlement, 
development  or  marketing  activities.  The  Company  also  periodically  acquires  HBU  properties  in  connection  with 
timberland acquisitions. These properties are managed as timberlands until sold or developed. While the majority of 
HBU sales involve rural and recreational land, the Company also selectively pursues various land-use entitlements 
on certain properties for residential, commercial and industrial development in order to enhance the long-term value 
of such properties. For selected development properties, Rayonier also invests in targeted infrastructure improvements, 
such as roadways and utilities, to accelerate the marketability and improve the value of such properties.

An analysis of higher and better use timberlands and real estate development investments from December 31, 

2018 to December 31, 2019 is shown below:

Non-current portion at December 31, 2018

Plus: Current portion (a)

Total Balance at December 31, 2018

Non-cash cost of land and improved development

Timber depletion from harvesting activities and basis of timber sold in real
estate sales
Capitalized real estate development investments (b)

Capital expenditures (silviculture)

Intersegment transfers

Total Balance at December 31, 2019

Less: Current portion (a)

Non-current portion at December 31, 2019

Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real
Estate Development Investments

Land and
Timber

Development
Investments

Total

$59,189

$26,420

$85,609

4,239

63,428

(1,916)

(2,866)

—

204

(485)

58,365

(274)

$58,091

7,680

34,100

(4,814)

—

6,803

—

—

36,089

(12,389)

$23,700

11,919

97,528

(6,730)

(2,866)

6,803

204

(485)

94,454

(12,663)

$81,791

(a) The current portion of Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments is recorded in Inventory. See Note 19

— Inventory for additional information.

(b) Capitalized real estate development investments includes $0.4 million of capitalized interest.

8.

NEW ZEALAND SUBSIDIARY

The  Company  maintains  a  77%  controlling  financial  interest  in  Matariki  Forestry  Group  (the  “New  Zealand
subsidiary”),  a  joint  venture  that  owns  or  leases  approximately  414,000  legal  acres  of  New  Zealand  timberland. 
Accordingly, the Company consolidates the New Zealand subsidiary’s balance sheet and results of operations. The 
portions of the consolidated financial position and results of operations attributable to the New Zealand subsidiary’s 
23% noncontrolling interest are shown separately within the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive 
Income and Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity. Rayonier New Zealand Limited (“RNZ”), a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Rayonier Inc., serves as the manager of the New Zealand subsidiary.

74

 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

9.

COMMITMENTS

At December 31, 2019, the future minimum payments under non-cancellable commitments were as follows:

2020 ................................................................
2021 ................................................................
2022 ................................................................
2023 ................................................................
2024 ................................................................
Thereafter .......................................................

Development
Projects (a)
$4,403
178
178
178
178
2,749
$7,864

Pension
Contributions (b)
$3,599
681
—
—
—
—
$4,280

Commitments (c)
$2,510
2,122
2,027
2,007
1,171
—
$9,837

Total
$10,512
2,981
2,205
2,185
1,349
2,749
$21,981

(a) Primarily consisting of payments expected to be made on the Company’s Wildlight and Richmond Hill development projects.

(b) Pension contribution requirements are based on actuarially determined estimates and IRS minimum funding requirements.

(c) Commitments include payments expected to be made on foreign exchange contracts, timberland deeds and other purchase obligations.

10.

INCOME TAXES

  Our U.S. timber operations are primarily conducted by our REIT entity and are generally not subject to U.S. federal 
and state income taxation. Our New Zealand timber operations are conducted by the New Zealand subsidiary, which 
is subject to corporate-level tax in New Zealand. Our non-REIT qualifying operations, which are subject to corporate-
level tax, are held by various TRS entities. These operations include our log trading business and certain real estate 
activities, such as the sale, entitlement and development of HBU properties.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

The provision for income taxes for each of the three years ended December 31 follows:

Current

U.S. federal ................................................................................................
State ...........................................................................................................
Foreign .......................................................................................................

Deferred

U.S. federal ................................................................................................
State ...........................................................................................................
Foreign .......................................................................................................

Changes in valuation allowance .........................................................................
Total ....................................................................................................................

2019

2018

2017

$2
(122)
(1,542)
(1,662)

$2
37
(1,914)
(1,875)

$261
(38)
(245)
(22)

465
17
(11,278)
(10,796)
(482)
($12,940)

3,803
146
(23,360)
(19,411)
(3,950)
($25,236)

13,028
—
(21,659)
(8,631)
(13,028)
($21,681)

75

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the actual income tax rate for each of the three 

years ended December 31 follows:

U.S. federal statutory income tax rate ...................................

($16,930)

(21.0)% ($29,939)

(21.0)% ($64,141)

(35.0)%

U.S. and foreign REIT income ............................................

19,902

24.7

32,949

23.1

63,813

34.8

Matariki Group and Rayonier New Zealand Ltd ..................

(11,181)

(13.9)

(23,166)

(16.2)

(19,182)

(10.5)

2019

2018

2017

Transition tax ......................................................................

—

—

—

—

(3,506)

Change in valuation allowance ...........................................

(482)

(0.6)

(3,950)

(2.8)

(13,028)

ASU No. 2016-16 adoption impact ......................................

Deemed repatriation of unremitted foreign earnings ...........

Reduction of deferred tax asset for statutory rate change ...

Internal transfer of assets deferred .....................................

Foreign income tax withholding ...........................................

Other

..................................................................................

—

—

—

(1,815)

(1,535)

(899)

—

—

—

(2.3)

(1.9)

(1.1)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,848)

(1.3)

718

0.5

(1.9)

(7.1)

9.1

4.0

16,631

7,368

(10,499)

(5.7)

—

—

863

—

—

0.5

Income tax expense as reported for net income ....................

($12,940)

(16.1)% ($25,236)

(17.7)% ($21,681)

(11.8)%

The Company’s effective tax rate is below the 21 percent U.S. statutory rate primarily due to tax benefits associated 

with being a REIT. 

DEFERRED TAXES

Deferred  income  taxes  result  from  differences  between  the  timing  of  recognizing  revenues  and  expenses  for 
financial book purposes versus income tax purposes. The nature of the temporary differences and the resulting net 
deferred tax asset/liability for the two years ended December 31 follows:

2019

2018

Gross deferred tax assets:

Pension, postretirement and other employee benefits ...................................................
New Zealand subsidiary .................................................................................................
CBPC tax credit carry forwards ......................................................................................
Capitalized real estate costs ..........................................................................................
U.S. TRS net operating loss ...........................................................................................
Land basis difference .....................................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................................
Total gross deferred tax assets ......................................................................................
Less: Valuation allowance ..............................................................................................
Total deferred tax assets after valuation allowance ........................................................

$1,512
23,211
14,555
6,635
5,410
10,626
4,356
66,305
(39,320)
$26,985

$1,791
14,252
14,555
7,386
5,747
11,282
4,047
59,060
(38,839)
$20,221

Gross deferred tax liabilities:

Accelerated depreciation ................................................................................................
New Zealand subsidiary .................................................................................................
Timber installment sale ..................................................................................................
Other ..............................................................................................................................
Total gross deferred tax liabilities ...................................................................................
Net deferred tax liability reported as noncurrent .....................................................................

(23)
(87,548)
—
(3,938)
(91,509)
($64,524)

(73)
(66,430)
(4,823)
(1,272)
(72,598)
($52,377)

76

 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

Foreign net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards as of the two years ended December 31 follows: 

2019
New Zealand subsidiary NOL carryforwards ..................................................
U.S. net deferred tax asset ............................................................................
Cellulosic Biofuel Producer Credit (a) ............................................................
Total Valuation Allowance ......................................................................

2018
New Zealand subsidiary NOL carryforwards ..................................................
U.S. net deferred tax asset ............................................................................
Cellulosic Biofuel Producer Credit (a) ............................................................
Total Valuation Allowance ......................................................................

Gross
Amount

Valuation
Allowance

Expiration

$11,650
24,765
14,555

$31,052
24,284
14,555

—
(24,765)
(14,555)
($39,320)

—
(24,284)
(14,555)
($38,839)

None
None
2023

None
None
2019

(a) The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 was signed into law on December 20, 2019. The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act,
2020 included the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (Tax Extenders Act), which temporarily renewed approximately two dozen
credits that previously expired or were set to expire at the end of 2019. The Cellulosic Biofuel Producer Credit was one of the credits extended
under this act.

UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits for the three years ended December 31 

follows:

Balance at January 1, ...............................................................................................
Decreases related to prior year tax positions (a) ......................................................
Increases related to prior year tax positions .............................................................
Balance at December 31, .........................................................................................

—
—
—
—

—
—
—
—

$135
(135)
—
—

2019

2018

2017

(a) Result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

The Company records interest (and penalties, if applicable) related to unrecognized tax benefits in non-operating
expense. The Company recorded no benefit to interest expense in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively and had no
recorded liabilities for the payment of interest at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

TAX STATUTES

The following table provides detail of the tax years that remain open to examination by the IRS and other significant 

taxing jurisdictions:

Taxing Jurisdiction
U.S. Internal Revenue Service ...........................................................................................
New Zealand Inland Revenue ............................................................................................

Open Tax Years
2016 - 2018
2014 - 2018

77

 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

11.

CONTINGENCIES

The Company has been named as a defendant in various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of 
business. While the Company has procured reasonable and customary insurance covering risks normally occurring 
in connection with its businesses, it has in certain cases retained some risk through the operation of large deductible 
insurance  plans, primarily  in the areas  of executive risk, property, automobile  and  general liability. These  pending 
lawsuits and claims, either individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the 
Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

12.

GUARANTEES

The  Company  provides  financial  guarantees  as  required  by  creditors,  insurance  programs,  and  various

governmental agencies. As of December 31, 2019, the following financial guarantees were outstanding: 

Financial Commitments (a)
Standby letters of credit (b) .......................................................................................................
Surety bonds (c) ........................................................................................................................
Total financial commitments ......................................................................................................

Maximum Potential
Payment

$1,509
3,487
$4,996

(a) The Company has not recorded any liabilities for these financial commitments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guarantees are not

subject to measurement, as the guarantees are dependent on the Company’s own performance.

(b) Approximately $0.5 million of the standby letters of credit serve as credit support for infrastructure at the Company’s Wildlight development
project. The remaining letters of credit support various insurance related agreements, primarily workers’ compensation. These letters of credit
will expire at various dates during 2020 and will be renewed as required.

(c) Rayonier issues surety bonds primarily to secure performance obligations related to various operational activities and to provide collateral for
the Company’s Wildlight development project in Nassau County, Florida. These bonds expire at various dates during 2020 and are expected
to be renewed as required.

78

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

13.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Rayonier by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income 
attributable  to  Rayonier  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  adjusted  to  include  the 
potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, performance shares, restricted shares, restricted stock units and 
convertible debt. 

The  following  table  provides  details  of  the  calculation  of  basic  and  diluted  EPS  for  the  three  years  ended 

December 31:

Net Income ............................................................................................

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest .........................

Net income attributable to Rayonier Inc. ................................................

2019

2018

2017

$67,678

(8,573)

$59,105

$117,330

(15,114)

$102,216

$161,579

(12,737)

$148,842

Shares used for determining basic earnings per common share ............

129,257,202

129,043,627

127,367,608

Dilutive effect of:

Stock options ................................................................................

Performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units .

12,209

328,977

71,276

575,328

91,956

350,385

Shares used for determining diluted earnings per common share ..........

129,598,388

129,690,231

127,809,949

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.: ............

Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.: .........

$0.46

$0.46

$0.79

$0.79

$1.17

$1.16

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from computations of diluted earnings per

share:

Stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and
restricted stock units .......................................................................

2019

2018

2017

450,681

254,282

596,061

79

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

14.

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to market risk related to potential fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and 
interest rates. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate the financial impact of exposure to these 
risks. The Company also uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate exposure to foreign currency risk due to the 
translation of the investment in Rayonier’s New Zealand-based operations from New Zealand dollars to U.S. dollars.

Accounting  for  derivative  financial  instruments  is  governed  by Accounting  Standards  Codification  Topic  815, 
Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). In accordance with ASC 815, the Company records its derivative instruments 
at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the instruments’ fair value 
are accounted for based on their intended use. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for 
cash flow hedge accounting are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“AOCI”) 
and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction materializes. Gains and losses on derivatives that are 
designated and qualify for net investment hedge accounting are recorded as a component of AOCI and will not be 
reclassified  into  earnings  until  the  Company’s  investment  in  its  New  Zealand  operations  is  partially  or  completely 
liquidated. The ineffective portion of any hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging 
instruments and those which are no longer effective as hedging instruments, are recognized immediately in earnings. 
The Company's hedge ineffectiveness was de minimis for all periods presented.

FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE AND OPTION CONTRACTS

The  functional  currency  of  Rayonier’s  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Rayonier  New  Zealand  Limited,  and  the  New 
Zealand subsidiary is the New Zealand dollar. The New Zealand subsidiary is exposed to foreign currency risk on 
export sales and ocean freight payments, which are mainly denominated in U.S. dollars. The New Zealand subsidiary 
typically hedges 50% to 90% of its estimated foreign currency exposure with respect to the following twelve months
forecasted sales and purchases less distributions and up to 75% of the forward twelve to 18 months. Foreign currency 
exposure from the New Zealand subsidiary’s trading operations is typically hedged based on the following three months 
forecasted sales and purchases. As of December 31, 2019, foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency 
option contracts had maturity dates through April 2021 and March 2021, respectively.

Foreign currency exchange and option contracts hedging foreign currency risk on export sales and ocean freight 
payments qualify for cash flow hedge accounting. The Company may de-designate these cash flow hedge relationships 
in advance or at the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. The portion of gains or losses on the derivative instrument 
previously accumulated in other comprehensive (loss) income for de-designated hedges remains in accumulated other 
comprehensive  (loss)  income  until  the  forecasted  transaction  affects  earnings.  Changes  in  the  value  of  derivative 
instruments after de-designation are recorded in earnings. 

INTEREST RATE SWAPS

The Company is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on its variable-rate Term Credit Agreement and Incremental 
Term Loan (as discussed below), and uses variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps to hedge this exposure. For these 
derivative instruments, the Company reports the gains/losses from the fluctuations in the fair market value of the hedges 
in AOCI and reclassifies them to earnings as interest expense in the same period in which the hedged interest payments 
affect earnings. For additional information on the Company’s interest rate swaps see Note 6 — Debt. 

80

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table contains information on the outstanding interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2019:

Outstanding Interest Rate Swaps (a)

Date Entered Into

Term

Notional
Amount

Related Debt Facility

Fixed Rate
of Swap

Bank Margin
 on Debt

Total Effective
Interest Rate (b)

August 2015

August 2015

April 2016

April 2016

July 2016

9 years

9 years

10 years

10 years

10 years

$170,000

Term Credit Agreement

180,000

Term Credit Agreement

100,000

Incremental Term Loan

100,000

Incremental Term Loan

100,000

Incremental Term Loan

2.20%

2.35%

1.60%

1.60%

1.26%

1.63%

1.63%

1.90%

1.90%

1.90%

3.83%

3.98%

3.50%

3.50%

3.16%

(a) All interest rate swaps have been designated as interest rate cash flow hedges and qualify for hedge accounting.

(b) Rate is before estimated patronage payments.

CARBON OPTIONS

The New Zealand subsidiary enters into carbon options from time to time to sell carbon assets at certain prices. 
Changes in fair value of the carbon option contracts are recorded in “Interest and other miscellaneous income, net” 
as the contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. As of December 31, 2019, carbon option contracts had 
maturity dates through June 2020.

The  following  table  demonstrates  the  impact,  gross  of  tax,  of  the  Company’s  derivatives  on  the  Consolidated 

Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Location on Statement of Income and
Comprehensive Income

2019

2018

2017

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:

Foreign currency exchange contracts ................................. Other comprehensive (loss) income

$2,211

($4,357)

$2,100

Foreign currency option contracts ....................................... Other comprehensive (loss) income

Interest rate swaps ............................................................. Other comprehensive (loss) income

159

(32,189)

(180)

8,296

(52)

4,214

Derivatives designated as a net investment hedge:

Foreign currency exchange contract ................................... Other comprehensive (loss) income

—

(344)

—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Foreign currency exchange contracts .................................

Carbon options

Interest and other miscellaneous
income, net

Interest and other miscellaneous
income, net

$135

$2,183

(105)

(158)

$47

—

During  the  next  12  months,  the  amount  of  the  December 31,  2019 AOCI  balance,  net  of  tax,  expected  to  be 
reclassified into earnings as a result of the maturation of the Company’s derivative instruments is a gain of approximately 
$0.3 million.

81

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The  following  table  contains  the  notional  amounts  of  the  derivative  financial  instruments  recorded  in  the 

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Notional Amount

2019

2018

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:

Foreign currency exchange contracts ...............................................................................

Foreign currency option contracts .....................................................................................

Interest rate swaps ...........................................................................................................

$56,350

22,000

650,000

$69,950

24,000

650,000

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Foreign currency exchange contracts ...............................................................................

Carbon options (a)

............................................................................................................

—

9,592

9,396

2,517

(a) Notional amount for carbon options is calculated as the number of units outstanding multiplied by the spot price as of December 31, 2019.

The following table contains the fair values of the derivative financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2019 and 2018. Changes in balances of derivative financial instruments are recorded 
as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

Location on Balance Sheet

2019

2018

Fair Value Assets (Liabilities) (a)

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:

Foreign currency exchange contracts .................................... Other current assets

Foreign currency option contracts .......................................... Other current assets

Other assets

Other current liabilities

Other assets

Other current liabilities

Other non-current liabilities

Interest rate swaps ................................................................. Other assets

Other non-current liabilities

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Foreign currency exchange contracts .................................... Other current assets

Other current liabilities

Carbon options (a) ................................................................. Other current liabilities

Total derivative contracts:

Other current assets .........................................................................................................................

Other assets .....................................................................................................................................

Total derivative assets .................................................................................................................

Other current liabilities .....................................................................................................................

Other non-current liabilities ..............................................................................................................

Total derivative liabilities .............................................................................................................

424

390

(172)

151

209

(27)

(30)

2,614

(11,068)

—

—

(607)

$575

3,213

$3,788

(806)

(11,098)

($11,904)

—

—

(1,569)

217

102

(106)

(68)

23,735

—

152

(24)

(322)

$369

23,837

$24,206

(2,021)

(68)

($2,089)

(a) See Note 15 — Fair Value Measurements for further information on the fair value of our derivatives including their classification within the fair

value hierarchy.

82

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

OFFSETTING DERIVATIVES

Derivative financial instruments are presented at their gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The 
Company’s derivative financial instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements, which would allow the right 
of offset.

15.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established in the Accounting 

Standards Codification as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the 

fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of financial instruments held by the 
Company at December 31, 2019 and 2018, using market information and what the Company believes to be appropriate 
valuation methodologies under generally accepted accounting principles:

Asset (liability) (a)

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Carrying
Amount

Fair Value

Carrying
Amount

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 1

Level 2

Cash and cash equivalents ......................

$68,735

$68,735

Restricted cash (b) ...................................

1,233

1,233

Current maturities of long-term debt .........

Long-term debt (c) ....................................

Interest rate swaps (d) .............................

(82,000)

(973,129)

(8,454)

Foreign currency exchange contracts (d) .

Foreign currency option contracts (d) .......

Carbon options contracts (d) ....................

642

303

(607)

—

—

—

—

—

—

Marketable equity securities (e) ................

10,582

10,582

—

—

(82,000)

8,080

—

(981,500)

(972,567)

(8,454)

642

303

(607)

—

23,735

(1,442)

145

(322)

—

8,080

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(975,845)

23,735

(1,442)

145

(322)

—

$148,374

$148,374

(a) The Company did not have Level 3 assets or liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

(b) Restricted cash represents the proceeds from like-kind exchange sales deposited with a third-party intermediary and cash held in escrow for

real estate development obligations. See Note 20 - Restricted Cash for additional information.

(c) The carrying amount of long-term debt is presented net of capitalized debt costs on non-revolving debt. See Note 6 — Debt for additional

information.

(d) See  Note  14  —  Derivative  Financial  Instruments  and  Hedging Activities  for  information  regarding  the  Balance  Sheet  classification  of  the

Company’s derivative financial instruments.

(e) The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are classified in “Other Assets” based on the nature of the securities and their

availability for use in current operations. See Note 21 - Other Assets for additional information.

Rayonier uses the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash — The carrying amount is equal to fair market value. 

Debt — The fair value of fixed rate debt is based upon quoted market prices for debt with similar terms and maturities. 
The variable rate debt adjusts with changes in the market rate, therefore the carrying value approximates fair value.

Interest rate swap agreements — The fair value of interest rate contracts is determined by discounting the expected 
future cash flows, for each instrument, at prevailing interest rates.

83

 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

Foreign currency exchange contracts — The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a 
mark-to-market valuation, which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward 
price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate.

Foreign currency option contracts — The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market 
calculation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Carbon option contracts — The fair value of carbon option contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation 
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the 
contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest 
rate.

Marketable equity securities — The fair value of marketable equity securities is determined by quoted prices in their 
active market.

The following table presents marketable equity securities that have been in a continuous unrealized gain position for 

less than 12 months and for 12 months or greater at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

December 31, 2019

Carrying
Amount

Less
than 12
Months

12
Months
or
Greater

December 31, 2018

Less
than 12
Months

12
Months
or
Greater

Total

Total

Carrying
Amount

Fair value of marketable equity
securities .........................................

$10,582

$10,582

Unrealized gains ..............................

—

3,043

— $10,582

—

3,043

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

84

 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

16.

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has one qualified non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering a portion of its employees 
and an unfunded plan that provides benefits in excess of amounts allowable under current tax law in the qualified plans. 
The Company closed enrollment in its pension plans to salaried employees hired after December 31, 2005. Effective 
December 31, 2016, the Company froze benefits for all employees participating in the pension plan. In lieu of the pension 
plan, the Company provides those employees with an enhanced 401(k) plan match similar to what is currently provided 
to employees hired after December 31, 2005. Employee benefit plan liabilities are calculated using actuarial estimates 
and management assumptions. These estimates are based on historical information, along with certain assumptions 
about future events. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause the estimates to 
change.

The following tables set forth the change in the projected benefit obligation and plan assets and reconcile the funded 
status and the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the pension and postretirement benefit 
plans for the two years ended December 31:

Pension

2019

2018

Postretirement
2018
2019

Change in Projected Benefit Obligation

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year .....................
Service cost .............................................................................
Interest cost .............................................................................
Actuarial loss (gain) .................................................................
Benefits paid ............................................................................
Projected benefit obligation at end of year ........................

$79,559
—
3,197
10,828
(3,323)
$90,261

Change in Plan Assets

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year .........................
Actual return on plan assets ....................................................
Employer contributions ............................................................
Benefits paid ............................................................................
Other expense .........................................................................
Fair value of plan assets at end of year .........................

$50,949
12,975
6,413
(3,284)
(593)
$66,460

$87,986
—
3,021
(8,160)
(3,288)
$79,559

$57,377
(4,638)
2,829
(4,002)
(617)
$50,949

$1,303
6
54
285
(14)
$1,634

$1,420
7
38
(149)
(13)
$1,303

—
—
14
(14)
—
—

—
—
13
(13)
—
—

Funded Status at End of Year:

Net accrued benefit cost ..........................................................

($23,801)

($28,610)

($1,634)

($1,303)

Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets Consist of:

Current liabilities ......................................................................
Noncurrent liabilities ................................................................
Net amount recognized ..................................................

($86)
(23,715)
($23,801)

($86)
(28,524)
($28,610)

($38)
(1,596)
($1,634)

($27)
(1,276)
($1,303)

Net gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income for the three years ended December 31 are 

as follows:

Net (losses) gains ............................................

2019
($1,514)

Pension
2018
($1,743)

2017

($583)

85

Postretirement
2018

2017

$149

($89)

2019
($285)

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

Net gains or losses reclassified from other comprehensive income and recognized as a component of pension and 

postretirement expense for the three years ended December 31 are as follows:

Amortization of losses (gains) ...............................

$449

$673

2019

Pension
2018

2017

$466

Postretirement
2018

2017

2019

—

$2

($1)

Net losses that have not yet been included in pension and postretirement expense for the two years ended 

December 31, but have been recognized as a component of AOCI are as follows:

Net losses .........................................................................................
Deferred income tax benefit ..............................................................
AOCI .........................................................................................

Pension

2019
($24,317)
1,216
($23,101)

2018
($23,252)
1,216
($22,036)

Postretirement

2019

2018

($292)
6
($286)

($7)
6
($1)

For pension and postretirement plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, the following 
table sets forth the projected and accumulated benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the two years 
ended December 31:

Projected benefit obligation .....................................................................................................
Accumulated benefit obligation ................................................................................................
Fair value of plan assets ..........................................................................................................

2019
$90,261
90,261
66,460

2018
$79,559
79,559
50,949

The following tables set forth the components of net pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) that have been 

recognized during the three years ended December 31:

Pension

Postretirement

2019

2018

2017

2019

2018

2017

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)
Service cost ..................................................
Interest cost ..................................................
Expected return on plan assets ....................
Amortization of losses (gains).......................
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) ............................

—
3,197
(3,107)
449
$539

—
3,021
(3,934)
673
($240)

—
3,259
(3,781)
466
($56)

$6
54
—
—
$60

$7
38
—
2
$47

$6
53
—
(1)
$58

The estimated pre-tax amounts that will be amortized from AOCI into net periodic benefit cost in 2020 are as follows:

Amortization of loss .....................................................................................................

$861

Pension

Postretirement
$8

86

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table sets forth the principal assumptions inherent in the determination of benefit obligations and net 

periodic benefit cost of the pension and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31:

Pension

Postretirement

2019

2018

2017

2019

2018

2017

Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:

Discount rate ...............................................................................

3.06% 4.11% 3.48% 3.16% 4.18% 3.56%

Rate of compensation increase ...................................................

—

—

—

4.50% 4.50% 4.50%

Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years

ended December 31:

Discount rate ...............................................................................

4.11% 3.48% 4.01% 4.18% 3.56% 4.12%

Expected long-term return on plan assets ...................................

5.72% 7.17% 7.17%

—

—

—

Rate of compensation increase ...................................................

—

—

—

4.50% 4.50% 4.50%

At December 31, 2019, the pension plan’s discount rate was 3.1%, which closely approximates interest rates on 
high quality, long-term obligations. In 2019, the expected return on plan assets decreased to 5.7%, which is based on 
historical and expected long-term rates of return on broad equity and bond indices and consideration of the actual 
annualized  rate  of  return.  The  Company  utilizes  this  information  in  developing  assumptions  for  returns,  risks  and 
correlations of asset classes, which are then used to establish the asset allocation ranges.

INVESTMENT OF PLAN ASSETS

The Company’s pension plans’ asset allocation (excluding short-term investments) at December 31, 2019 and 2018, 

and target allocation ranges by asset category are as follows:

Asset Category
Domestic equity securities ....................................................................................
International equity securities ...............................................................................
Domestic fixed income securities .........................................................................
International fixed income securities ....................................................................
Real estate fund ...................................................................................................
Total ......................................................................................................................

Percentage of 
Plan Assets

2019

2018

Target
Allocation
Range

41%
28%
25%
4%
2%
100%

39% 35-45%
28% 20-30%
26% 25-29%
3-7%
2-4%

5%
2%
100%

The Company’s Pension and Savings Plan Committee and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversee 
the pension plans’ investment program, which is designed to maximize returns and provide sufficient liquidity to meet 
plan  obligations  while  maintaining  acceptable  risk  levels.  The  investment  approach  emphasizes  diversification  by 
allocating the plans’ assets among asset categories and selecting investment managers whose various investment 
methodologies will be minimally correlative with each other. Investments within the equity categories may include large 
capitalization, small capitalization and emerging market securities, while the international fixed income portfolio may 
include emerging markets debt. Pension assets did not include a direct investment in Rayonier common shares during 
the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

NET ASSET VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Separate investment accounts are measured using the unit value calculated based on the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) 
of the underlying assets. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying investments held by each fund less 
liabilities divided by the units outstanding as of the valuation date. These funds are not publicly traded; however, the 
unit price calculation is based on observable market inputs of the funds’ underlying assets.

87

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table sets forth the net asset value of the plan assets as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Asset Category
Investments at Net Asset Value:

     Separate Investment Accounts ..................................................................

Total Investments at Net Asset Value ..........................................................

66,460

$66,460

50,949

$50,949

CASH FLOWS

Expected benefit payments to be made by the Company for the next 10 years are as follows:

Pension
Benefits

Postretirement
Benefits

2020 ...........................................................................................................................
2021 ...........................................................................................................................
2022 ...........................................................................................................................
2023 ...........................................................................................................................
2024 ...........................................................................................................................
2025-2029 ..................................................................................................................

$3,671
3,829
4,050
4,146
4,318
22,752

$38
42
45
48
51
308

The Company has approximately $3.6 million of pension contribution requirements in 2020. 

DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS

The Company provides a defined contribution plan to all of its employees. Company match contributions charged 
to expense for these plans were $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 
2018 and 2017, respectively. The defined contribution plan includes Rayonier common shares with a fair market value 
of $10.6 million and $9.7 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of June 1, 2016, the Rayonier Inc. 
Common Stock Fund was closed to new contributions. Transfers out of the fund will continue to be permitted, but no 
new investments or transfers into the fund are allowed. 

As discussed above, the defined benefit pension plan is currently frozen. In lieu of the pension plan, employees 
are eligible to receive an enhanced match contribution. Company enhanced match contributions charged to expense 
for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $0.9 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. 

88

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

17.

INCENTIVE STOCK PLANS

The Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan (the “Stock Plan”) provides up to 15.8 million shares to be granted for incentive 
stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted stock and restricted 
stock units, subject to certain limitations. At December 31, 2019, a total of 3.8 million shares were available for future 
grants under the Stock Plan. Under the Stock Plan, shares available for issuance are reduced by 1 share for each 
option or right granted and by 2.27 shares for each performance share, restricted share or restricted stock unit granted. 
The Company issues new shares of stock upon the exercise of stock options, the granting of restricted stock, and the 
vesting of performance shares and restricted stock units. 

A summary of the Company’s stock-based compensation cost is presented below:

Selling and general expenses ........................................................................
Cost of sales ..................................................................................................
Timber and Timberlands, net (a)
Total stock-based compensation ....................................................................

2019
$6,416
378
110
$6,904

2018
$5,623
704
101
$6,428

2017
$4,784
556
56
$5,396

Tax benefit recognized related to stock-based compensation expense (b) ....

$362

$338

$249

(a) Represents amounts capitalized as part of the overhead allocation of timber-related costs.

(b) A valuation allowance is recorded against the tax benefit recognized as the Company does not expect to be able to realize the benefit in the

future.

FAIR VALUE CALCULATIONS BY AWARD

RESTRICTED STOCK

Restricted stock granted to employees under the Stock Plan generally vests in fourths on the first, second, third 
and fourth anniversary of the grant date. Restricted stock granted to senior management generally vests in thirds on 
the third, fourth, and fifth anniversary of the grant date. Periodically, other one-time restricted stock grants are issued 
to  employees  for  special  purposes,  such  as  new  hire,  promotion  or  retention,  and  can  vest  ratably  over,  or  upon 
completion of, a defined period of time. Generally, holders of restricted stock receive dividend equivalent payments on 
outstanding restricted shares. Restricted stock granted to members of the board of directors generally vests immediately 
upon issuance and is subject to certain holding requirements. The fair value of each share granted is equal to the 
share price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Rayonier has elected to value each grant in total and recognize 
the expense on a straight-line basis from the grant date of the award to the latest vesting date. As permitted, the 
Company does not estimate a forfeiture rate for non-vested shares. Accordingly, unexpected forfeitures will lower stock-
based compensation during the period in which they occur.

As of December 31, 2019, there was $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost attributable to the Company’s 

restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this cost over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock is presented below:

Restricted shares granted ......................................................................................................

Weighted average price of restricted shares granted .............................................................

Intrinsic value of restricted stock outstanding (a) ....................................................................

Grant date fair value of restricted stock vested ......................................................................

Cash used to purchase common shares from current and former employees to pay

minimum withholding tax requirements on restricted shares vested ...................................

2019

2018

2017

—

—

$5,540

4,579

87,924

$35.44

$8,792

1,582

97,643

$28.18

$8,906

1,198

1,610

334

176

(a)

Intrinsic value of restricted stock outstanding is based on the market price of the Company’s stock at December 31, 2019.

89

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

Non-vested Restricted Shares at January 1, ....................................................
Granted ............................................................................................................
Vested ..............................................................................................................
Cancelled .........................................................................................................
Non-vested Restricted Shares at December 31, ..............................................

RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS

2019

Number of
Shares

317,499
—
(142,778)
(5,607)
169,114

Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
$30.64
—
32.07
29.99
$29.45

In April 2019, the Company began granting restricted stock units instead of restricted stock to both employees and 
members of the board of directors. All attributes of the Company’s restricted stock described herein, including vesting 
characteristics, dividend payments, fair value measurement and expense recognition, apply equally to restricted stock 
units granted under the Stock Plan.

As of December 31, 2019, there was $2.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost attributable to the Company’s 

restricted stock units. The Company expects to recognize this cost over a weighted average period of 3.9 years.

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock units is presented below:

Restricted stock units granted ................................................................................................

Weighted average price of restricted stock units granted .......................................................

Intrinsic value of restricted stock units outstanding (a) ...........................................................

Grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested ..............................................................

Cash used to purchase common shares from current and former employees to pay

minimum withholding tax requirements on restricted stock units vested .............................

2019

128,226

$31.39

3,351

762

$1

2018

2017

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(a)

Intrinsic value of restricted stock units outstanding is based on the market price of the Company’s stock at December 31, 2019.

Non-vested Restricted Stock Units at January 1, .............................................
Granted ............................................................................................................
Vested ..............................................................................................................
Cancelled .........................................................................................................

Non-vested Restricted Stock Units at December 31, .......................................

PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS

2019

Number of
Shares

—
128,226
(24,664)
(1,265)
102,297

Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
—
31.39
30.90
31.77
$31.50

The Company’s performance share units generally vest upon completion of a three-year period. The number of 
shares, if any, that are ultimately awarded is contingent upon Rayonier’s total shareholder return versus selected peer 
group companies. The performance share payout is based on a market condition, and as such, the awards are valued 
using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model generates the fair value of the award at the grant date, which is then 
recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Additionally, the Company does not estimate 
a forfeiture rate for non-vested units. As such, unexpected forfeitures will lower stock-based compensation during the 
period in which they occur.

90

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The Stock Plan allows for the cash settlement of the minimum required withholding tax on performance share unit 
awards. As of December 31, 2019, there was $5.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s 
performance share unit awards, which is attributable to awards granted in 2017, 2018 and 2019. This cost is expected 
to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

A summary of the Company’s performance share units is presented below:

Common shares reserved for performance shares granted during year ..................................

Weighted average fair value of performance share units granted ............................................
Intrinsic value of outstanding performance share units (a) ......................................................

Fair value of performance shares vested ................................................................................

Cash used to purchase common shares from current and former employees to pay

minimum withholding tax requirements on performance shares vested ...............................

2019
232,684

$35.99

10,758

6,387

2018
213,154

$40.27

9,229

5,670

2,639

2,651

2017
226,448

$32.17

10,414

—

—

(a)

Intrinsic value of outstanding performance share units is based on the market price of the Company's stock at December 31, 2019.

Outstanding Performance Share units at January 1, ..........................................
Granted ..............................................................................................................
Units Distributed .................................................................................................

Other Cancellations/Adjustments .......................................................................
Outstanding Performance Share units at December 31, ....................................

2019

Number
of Units

333,282
116,342
(114,563)
(6,675)
328,386

Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
$33.60
35.99
28.78
36.61
$36.06

Expected volatility was estimated using daily returns on the Company’s common shares for the three-year period 
ending on the grant date. The risk-free rate was based on the 3-year U.S. treasury rate on the date of the award. The 
dividend yield was not used to calculate fair value as awards granted receive dividend equivalents. The following table 
provides an overview of the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of the awards granted for the three years 
ended December 31, 2019:

Expected volatility .........................................................................................................
Risk-free rate ................................................................................................................

2018

2019
18.4% 20.8%
2.4%

2.3%

2017
23.3%
1.5%

NON-QUALIFIED EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS

The exercise price of each non-qualified stock option granted under the Stock Plan is equal to the closing market 
price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Under the Stock Plan, the maximum term is 10 years from the grant 
date.

91

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 is 

presented below.

Options outstanding at January 1, ...................................

Granted ..................................................................

Exercised ...............................................................

Cancelled or expired ..............................................
Options outstanding at December 31, ..............................

Options exercisable at December 31, ..............................

Number of
Shares

510,122

—

(57,023)

(38,697)

414,402

414,402

2019

Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
(per common 
share)

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(in years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

$32.29

—

22.09

36.50

33.30

$33.30

2.9

2.9

$514

$514

A summary of additional information pertaining to the Company’s stock options is presented below:

Intrinsic value of options exercised (a) ....................................................................
Cash received from exercise of options ...................................................................

2019

$475
1,260

2018
$2,618
8,591

2017
$1,993
4,751

(a)

Intrinsic value of options exercised is the amount by which the fair value of the stock on the exercise date exceeded the exercise price of the
option.

As of December 31, 2019, compensation cost related to stock options was fully recognized.

92

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

18.

OTHER OPERATING (EXPENSE) INCOME, NET

The following table provides the composition of Other operating (expense) income, net for the three years ended

December 31:

(Loss) gain on foreign currency remeasurement, net of cash flow hedges .......
Gain (loss) on sale or disposal of property plant & equipment ..........................
Income from sale of unused Internet Protocol addresses .................................
Log trading marketing fees ................................................................................
Income from New Zealand Timber settlement ...................................................
Miscellaneous expense, net ..............................................................................
Total ............................................................................................................

2019
($3,077)

2018

$370

2017
$3,044

56
—

314
—

7
646

286
—

(1,826)
($4,533)

(169)
$1,140

(68)
—

1,222
420

(225)
$4,393

19.

INVENTORY

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Rayonier’s inventory was solely comprised of finished goods, as follows:

Finished goods inventory ......................................................................................
     Real estate inventory (a) ..................................................................................
     Log inventory ...................................................................................................
Total inventory ..............................................................................................

2019

2018

$12,663
1,855
$14,518

$11,919
3,784
$15,703

(a) Represents the cost of HBU real estate (including capitalized development investments) under contract to be sold. See Note 7 — Higher and

Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments for additional information.

20.

RESTRICTED CASH

In order to qualify for like-kind exchange (“LKE”) treatment, the proceeds from real estate sales must be deposited 
with  a  third-party  intermediary. These  proceeds  are  accounted  for  as  restricted  cash  until  a  suitable  replacement 
property is acquired. In the event that the LKE purchases are not completed, the proceeds are returned to the Company 
after 180 days and reclassified as available cash. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $1.2 million 
and $8.1 million, respectively, of proceeds from real estate sales classified as restricted cash which were deposited 
with an LKE intermediary as well as cash held in escrow for real estate development obligations.

The  following  table  contains  the  amount  of  restricted  cash  recorded  in  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  and 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31:

Restricted cash deposited with LKE intermediary .......................................................
Restricted cash held in escrow
Total restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Balance Sheets ...............................
Cash and cash equivalents .........................................................................................
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows ..........................................................................................

2019

2018

$758
475
1,233
68,735

$7,530
550
8,080
148,374

$69,968

$156,454

93

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

21.

OTHER ASSETS

Included  in  Other Assets  are  derivatives,  goodwill  in  the  New  Zealand  subsidiary,  long-term  prepaid  roads, 
marketable equity securities and other deferred expenses including deferred financing costs related to revolving debt 
and capitalized software costs.

See  Note  14  —  Derivative  Financial  Instruments  and  Hedging Activities  for  further  information  on  derivatives 

including their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were:

Balance, January 1 (net of $0 of accumulated impairment) ...............................................
Changes to carrying amount

2019
$8,307

2018
$8,776

Acquisitions ...............................................................................................................
Impairment ................................................................................................................
Foreign currency adjustment .....................................................................................
Balance, December 31 (net of $0 of accumulated impairment) .........................................

—
—
304
$8,611

—
—
(469)
$8,307

See Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on goodwill.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Rayonier’s prepaid logging and secondary roads follows:

Long-term and prepaid and secondary roads ....................................................................
    Pacific Northwest long-term prepaid roads ....................................................................
    New Zealand long-term secondary roads ......................................................................
Total long-term prepaid and secondary roads ...........................................................

2019

2018

$4,198
4,265
$8,463

$4,000
3,072
$7,072

See Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on prepaid logging roads. 

 As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Rayonier’s deferred financing costs related to revolving debt follows:

Deferred financing costs related to revolving debt .............................................................

$102

2019

2018

$213

See Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on deferred financing costs 

related to revolving debt.

 As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Rayonier’s capitalized software costs follows:

Capitalized software costs .................................................................................................

$3,605

2019

2018
$3,776

See Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on capitalized software costs.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, Rayonier’s investments in marketable equity securities follows:

Investments in marketable equity securities .......................................................................

2019
$10,582

2018

—

    See Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on investments in marketable 
equity securities. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s investments in marketable equity securities consist entirely 
of 114,400 limited partnership units of Pope Resources, originally purchased in an open-market transaction at $65.90
per unit. 

94

 
 
 
RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

22.

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component for the years ended December 31, 2019 and

2018. All amounts are presented net of tax effect and exclude portions attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Balance as of December 31, 2017 ..............
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
reclassifications .......................................

Amounts reclassified from accumulated

other comprehensive (loss) income .........

Net other comprehensive (loss) income ......

Balance as of December 31, 2018 ..............
Other comprehensive (loss) income before
reclassifications .......................................

Amounts reclassified from accumulated

other comprehensive (loss) income .........

Net other comprehensive (loss) income ......

Foreign
currency
translation
gains/
(losses)

Net
investment
hedges of
New
Zealand JV

Cash flow
hedges

Employee
benefit plans

Total

$15,975

$1,665

$16,184

($20,407)

$13,417

(16,985)

(344)

5,944

(1,594)

(12,979)

—

(16,985)

($1,010)

—

(344)

(163)

5,781

(36)

(1,630)

$1,321

$21,965

($22,037)

(199)

(13,178)

$239

784

—

784

—

—

—

(31,547) (a)

(1,799)

(32,562)

672

(30,875)

($8,910)

449 (b)

1,121

(1,350)

(31,441)

($23,387)

($31,202)

Balance as of December 31, 2019 ..............

($226)

$1,321

(a)

Includes $32.2 million of other comprehensive loss related to interest rate swaps. See Note 14 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
Activities for additional information.

(b) This component of other comprehensive (loss) income is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 16 — Employee

Benefit Plans for additional information.

The  following  table  presents  details  of  the  amounts  reclassified  in  their  entirety  from  AOCI  for  the  years

ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Details about accumulated other
comprehensive (loss) income
components

Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency

exchange contracts ...................................

Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency

option contracts ........................................

Noncontrolling interest ..................................
Income tax expense (benefit) from foreign

currency contracts .....................................

Net (gain) loss on cash flow hedges

reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income .............................

Amount reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive (loss) income

2019

2018

Affected line item in the income
statement

$1,246

($121) Other operating income, net

(33)

(279)

(262)

(173) Other operating income, net

Comprehensive income (loss)

68

attributable to noncontrolling interest

63

Income tax expense (Note 10)

$672

($163)

95

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

23.

QUARTERLY RESULTS FOR 2019 and 2018 (UNAUDITED)

(thousands of dollars, except per share
amounts)
2019

Quarter Ended

Mar. 31

June 30

Sept. 30

Dec. 31

Total Year

Sales ..................................................................

$191,546

$184,800

$156,417

$178,793

$711,556

Cost of sales ......................................................

(143,251)

(140,454)

(134,463)

(140,182)

(558,350)

Net Income ........................................................

Net Income attributable to Rayonier Inc. ............

Basic EPS attributable to Rayonier Inc...............

Diluted EPS attributable to Rayonier Inc. ...........

27,793

24,794

$0.19

$0.19

20,920

18,752

$0.14

$0.14

1,528

(433)

—

—

17,437

15,992

$0.12

$0.12

67,678

59,105

$0.46

$0.46

2018

Sales ..................................................................

$203,196

$245,906

$200,890

$166,146

$816,138

Cost of sales ......................................................

(138,488)

(184,418)

(143,261)

(139,092)

(605,259)

Net Income ........................................................

Net Income attributable to Rayonier Inc. ............

Basic EPS attributable to Rayonier Inc...............

Diluted EPS attributable to Rayonier Inc. ...........

42,706

40,539

$0.31

$0.31

39,338

36,258

$0.28

$0.28

30,639

23,432

$0.18

$0.18

4,647

1,987

$0.02

$0.02

117,330

102,216

$0.79

$0.79

96

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

24.

CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The  condensed  consolidating  financial  information  below  follows  the  same  accounting  policies  as  described  in  the
consolidated financial statements, except for the use of the equity method of accounting to reflect ownership interests in 
wholly-owned subsidiaries, which are eliminated upon consolidation, and the allocation of certain expenses of Rayonier Inc. 
incurred for the benefit of its subsidiaries.

In March 2012, Rayonier Inc. issued $325 million of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2022. In connection with these notes, the 
Company provides the following condensed consolidating financial information in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rule 
3-10, Financial Statements of Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered.

The subsidiary guarantors, Rayonier Operating Company LLC (“ROC”) and Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc., are wholly-
owned by the parent company, Rayonier Inc. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis 
by the guarantor subsidiaries. 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

SALES .........................................................................................

Costs and Expenses

Cost of sales ......................................................................

Selling and general expenses ............................................

Other operating (expense) income, net ..............................

OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME ....................................................

Interest expense ...........................................................................

Interest and miscellaneous income (expense), net .......................

Equity in income from subsidiaries ...............................................

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES ...........................................

Income tax expense ................................................................

NET INCOME ...............................................................................

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest................

—

—

—

—

—

—

(12,556)

(1,827)

73,488

59,105

—

59,105

—

—

$711,556

(59)

(558,291)

(20,560)

(21,086)

(1,392)

(3,141)

(22,011)

(582,518)

(22,011)

(19,095)

3,061

113,284

75,239

(1,751)

73,488

—

129,038

(65)

4,073

—

133,046

(11,189)

121,857

(8,573)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(186,772)

(186,772)

—

(186,772)

—

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC...................

59,105

73,488

113,284

(186,772)

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax ....

Cash flow hedges, net of income tax .......................................

Actuarial change and amortization of pension and

postretirement plan liabilities, net of income tax ..................

Total other comprehensive (loss) income ...........................

783

(91)

(30,875)

(32,189)

(1,350)

(1,350)

(31,442)

(33,630)

1,054

1,707

—

2,761

(783)

30,875

1,350

31,442

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME .......................................................

27,663

39,858

124,618

(155,330)

$711,556

(558,350)

(41,646)

(4,533)

(604,529)

107,027

(31,716)

5,307

—

80,618

(12,940)

67,678

(8,573)

59,105

963

(30,482)

(1,350)

(30,869)

36,809

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling

interest ......................................................................................

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER

INC. ..........................................................................................

—

—

(9,146)

—

(9,146)

$27,663

$39,858

$115,472

($155,330)

$27,663

97

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

SALES ..........................................................................................

Costs and Expenses

Cost of sales .......................................................................

Selling and general expenses .............................................

Other operating (expense) income, net ...............................

OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME .....................................................

Interest expense ............................................................................

Interest and miscellaneous income (expense), net ........................

Equity in income from subsidiaries ................................................

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES ............................................

—

—

—

(12)

(12)

(12)

(12,556)

6,648

108,136

102,216

—

—

$816,138

(605,259)

(19,812)

(22,139)

543

609

(19,269)

(626,789)

(19,269)

(19,155)

3,863

144,916

110,355

189,349

(355)

(5,947)

—

183,047

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(253,052)

(253,052)

Income tax expense .................................................................

—

(2,219)

(23,017)

—

$816,138

(605,259)

(41,951)

1,140

(646,070)

170,068

(32,066)

4,564

—

142,566

(25,236)

NET INCOME ................................................................................

102,216

108,136

160,030

(253,052)

117,330

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest ................

—

—

(15,114)

—

(15,114)

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC....................

102,216

108,136

144,916

(253,052)

102,216

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax .....

Cash flow hedges, net of income tax ........................................

Actuarial change and amortization of pension and

postretirement plan liabilities, net of income tax ...................

Total other comprehensive (loss) income ............................

(17,329)

5,782

(1,630)

(13,177)

386

8,296

(1,630)

7,052

(23,145)

(3,267)

—

(26,412)

17,329

(5,782)

1,630

13,177

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ........................................................

89,039

115,188

133,618

(239,875)

(22,759)

5,029

(1,630)

(19,360)

97,970

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling

interest .......................................................................................

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER

INC. ...........................................................................................

—

—

(8,931)

—

(8,931)

$89,039

$115,188

$124,687

($239,875)

$89,039

98

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

SALES .........................................................................................

Costs and Expenses

Cost of sales ......................................................................

Selling and general expenses ............................................

Other operating (expense) income, net ..............................

OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME ....................................................

Interest expense ...........................................................................

Interest and miscellaneous income (expense), net .......................

Equity in income from subsidiaries ...............................................

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES ...........................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

(12,556)

9,679

151,719

148,842

—

—

$819,596

(568,253)

(16,797)

(23,448)

(479)

4,872

(17,276)

(586,829)

(17,276)

(19,699)

2,878

186,388

152,291

232,767

(1,816)

(10,717)

—

220,234

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(338,107)

(338,107)

Income tax expense ................................................................

—

(572)

(21,109)

—

NET INCOME ...............................................................................

148,842

151,719

199,125

(338,107)

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC.

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax ....

Cash flow hedges, net of income tax .......................................

Actuarial change and amortization of pension and

postretirement plan liabilities, net of income tax ..................

Total other comprehensive income ....................................

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME .......................................................

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling
interest ..........................................................................................

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER
INC.

$819,596

(568,253)

(40,245)

4,393

(604,105)

215,491

(34,071)

1,840

—

183,260

(21,681)

161,579

(12,737)

148,842

9,114

5,693

(208)

14,599

176,178

—

—

(12,737)

—

148,842

151,719

186,388

(338,107)

7,416

5,353

(208)

12,561

161,403

—

4,214

(208)

4,006

155,725

9,114

1,479

—

10,593

209,718

(7,416)

(5,353)

208

(12,561)

(350,668)

—

—

(14,775)

—

(14,775)

$161,403

$155,725

$194,943

($350,668)

$161,403

99

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2019

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents .................................................

$303

$45,792

$22,640

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventory .............................................................................

Prepaid logging roads .........................................................

Prepaid expenses ...............................................................

Other current assets ...........................................................

Total current assets ..................................................

TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND

AMORTIZATION ........................................................................

HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL

ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS ...............................

NET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ...............................

RESTRICTED CASH .....................................................................

RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS ..............................................................

—

—

—

—

—

303

—

—

—

—

—

4,113

—

—

1,361

111

51,377

—

—

16,568

—

32,253

23,014

14,518

12,128

1,239

756

74,295

2,482,047

81,791

5,683

1,233

67,689

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES .................................................

1,709,958

3,072,304

—

(4,782,262)

INTERCOMPANY RECEIVABLE ...................................................

OTHER ASSETS ...........................................................................

56,935

(643,960)

587,025

2

(67)

47,822

—

—

$68,735

27,127

14,518

12,128

2,600

867

125,975

2,482,047

81,791

22,251

1,233

99,942

—

—

47,757

TOTAL ASSETS ............................................................................

$1,767,198

$2,528,475

$3,347,585

($4,782,262)

$2,860,996

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable ...............................................................

Current maturities of long-term debt ...................................

Accrued taxes .....................................................................

Accrued payroll and benefits ...............................................

Accrued interest ..................................................................

Deferred revenue ................................................................

Other current liabilities ........................................................

Total current liabilities ...............................................

—

—

—

—

3,047

—

—

3,047

$2,866

82,000

59

5,585

2,158

—

4,453

97,121

LONG-TERM DEBT, NET OF DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS .

324,170

648,959

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS ............

LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY ...................................................

OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES ..........................................

INTERCOMPANY PAYABLE .........................................................

—

—

—

—

25,996

28,001

18,440

—

$15,294

—

2,973

3,284

—

11,440

18,027

51,018

—

(685)

62,480

64,807

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$18,160

82,000

3,032

8,869

5,205

11,440

22,480

151,186

973,129

25,311

90,481

83,247

—

TOTAL RAYONIER INC. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY...................

1,439,981

1,709,958

3,072,304

(4,782,262)

1,439,981

Noncontrolling interest ...................................................................

—

—

97,661

—

97,661

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ..............................................

1,439,981

1,709,958

3,169,965

(4,782,262)

1,537,642

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY .................

$1,767,198

$2,528,475

$3,347,585

($4,782,262)

$2,860,996

100

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2018

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents .................................................

$361

$104,777

$43,236

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventory .............................................................................

Prepaid logging roads .........................................................

Prepaid expenses ...............................................................

Other current assets ...........................................................

—

—

—

—

—

3,752

—

—

977

108

Total current assets ..................................................

361

109,614

22,399

15,703

11,976

4,063

501

97,878

TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND

AMORTIZATION ........................................................................

HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL

ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS ...............................

NET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ...............................

RESTRICTED CASH .....................................................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

16,940

—

2,401,327

85,609

5,811

8,080

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES .................................................

1,833,899

3,022,875

—

(4,856,774)

INTERCOMPANY RECEIVABLES ................................................

OTHER ASSETS ...........................................................................

49,461

(638,424)

588,963

2

19,244

35,800

—

—

$148,374

26,151

15,703

11,976

5,040

609

207,853

2,401,327

85,609

22,751

8,080

—

—

55,046

TOTAL ASSETS ............................................................................

$1,883,723

$2,530,249

$3,223,468

($4,856,774)

$2,780,666

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accounts payable ...............................................................

Accrued taxes .....................................................................

Accrued payroll and benefits ...............................................

Accrued interest ..................................................................

Deferred revenue ................................................................

Other current liabilities ........................................................

Total current liabilities ...............................................

—

—

—

3,047

—

—

3,047

LONG-TERM DEBT, NET OF DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS .

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS ............

OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES ..........................................

323,803

648,764

—

—

30,484

7,454

$1,616

$16,403

8

5,848

1,960

—

216

9,648

3,170

4,568

—

10,447

16,258

50,846

—

(684)

52,754

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$18,019

3,178

10,416

5,007

10,447

16,474

63,541

972,567

29,800

60,208

TOTAL RAYONIER INC. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY...................

1,556,873

1,833,899

3,022,875

(4,856,774)

1,556,873

Noncontrolling interest ...................................................................

—

—

97,677

—

97,677

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY ..............................................

1,556,873

1,833,899

3,120,552

(4,856,774)

1,654,550

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY .................

$1,883,723

$2,530,249

$3,223,468

($4,856,774)

$2,780,666

101

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) OPERATING ACTIVITIES..

($21,865)

($12,730)

$248,848

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures .....................................................................

Real estate development investments ..........................................

Purchase of timberlands ...............................................................

Investment in subsidiaries ............................................................

Other ............................................................................................

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) INVESTING ACTIVITIES ....

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Issuance of debt ...........................................................................

Repayment of debt .......................................................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(641)

(63,355)

—

—

(406)

(8,754)

(9,801)

82,000

—

(6,803)

(142,287)

—

2,450

(209,995)

—

—

Dividends paid ..............................................................................

(139,531)

(32,239)

30,699

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive
stock plan .....................................................................................

Repurchase of common shares ....................................................

Proceeds used for Share Buybacks ..............................................

Proceeds from shareholder distribution hedge .............................

Distribution to minority shareholder ..............................................

Issuance of intercompany notes ...................................................

Debt issuance cost .......................................................................

Intercompany distributions ............................................................

CASH (USED FOR) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES....

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH ..............

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash .................

Balance, beginning of year ...........................................................

Balance, end of year .....................................................................

1,260

(4,250)

—

—

—

—

—

164,328

21,807

—

—

—

(8,430)

—

—

—

(132)

(77,653)

(36,454)

—

—

—

—

135

(9,161)

—

—

(86,269)

(64,596)

(1,700)

(58)

361

$303

(58,985)

(27,443)

104,777

$45,792

51,316

$23,873

—

—

—

—

406

—

406

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(406)

(406)

—

—

—

—

$214,253

(63,996)

(6,803)

(142,287)

—

(6,304)

(219,390)

82,000

—

(141,071)

1,260

(4,250)

(8,430)

135

(9,161)

—

(132)

—

(79,649)

(1,700)

(86,486)

156,454

$69,968

102

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

6,069

(132,796)

(6,128)

(132,855)

—

—

—

—

(6,128)

—

$310,096

(62,325)

(9,501)

(57,608)

—

(3,421)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,128

6,128

—

—

—

—

1,014

(54,416)

(136,772)

8,591

(2,984)

2,025

(11,172)

—

—

(193,714)

571

(15,902)

172,356

$156,454

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) OPERATING ACTIVITIES..

$284,781

$182,057

($156,742)

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures .....................................................................

Real estate development investments ..........................................

Purchase of timberlands ...............................................................

Investment in subsidiaries ............................................................

Other ............................................................................................

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) INVESTING ACTIVITIES ....

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Issuance of debt ...........................................................................

Repayment of debt .......................................................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Dividends paid ..............................................................................

(136,698)

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive
stock plan .....................................................................................

Repurchase of common shares ....................................................

Proceeds from shareholder distribution hedge .............................

Distribution to minority shareholder ..............................................

8,591

(2,984)

—

—

(59)

(62,266)

—

—

6,128

—

(9,501)

(57,608)

—

(3,421)

—

(50,000)

(74)

—

—

—

—

1,014

(4,416)

—

—

—

2,025

(11,172)

Issuance of intercompany notes ...................................................

299,715

18,961

(318,676)

Intercompany distributions ............................................................

(501,608)

(77,278)

CASH (USED FOR) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES....

(332,984)

(108,391)

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH ..............

—

—

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash .................

Balance, beginning of year ...........................................................

(48,203)

48,564

79,735

25,042

Balance, end of year .....................................................................

$361

$104,777

572,758

241,533

571

(47,434)

98,750

$51,316

103

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Rayonier Inc.
(Parent 
Issuer)

Subsidiary
Guarantors

Non-
guarantors

Consolidating
Adjustments

Total
Consolidated

38,546

(235,253)

(38,546)

(235,253)

—

—

—

—

—

—

(38,546)

—

$256,284

(65,345)

(15,784)

(242,910)

95,243

(6,084)

—

(373)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

38,546

38,546

—

—

—

—

63,389

(100,157)

(127,069)

4,751

152,390

(176)

—

—

(6,872)

580

14,739

157,617

$172,356

CASH (USED FOR) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES..

($48,104)

$111,431

$192,957

INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Capital expenditures .....................................................................

Real estate development investments ..........................................

Purchase of timberlands ...............................................................

Net proceeds from large disposition of timberlands ......................

Rayonier office building under construction ..................................

Investment in subsidiaries ............................................................

Other ............................................................................................

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) INVESTING ACTIVITIES ....

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Issuance of debt ...........................................................................

Repayment of debt .......................................................................

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

38,546

—

(65,345)

(15,784)

(242,910)

95,243

(6,084)

—

(373)

25,000

38,389

(15,000)

(85,157)

Dividends paid ..............................................................................

(127,069)

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive
stock plan .....................................................................................

Proceeds from the issuance of common shares from equity
offering, net of cost .......................................................................

Repurchase of common shares ....................................................

4,751

152,390

(176)

Issuance of intercompany notes ...................................................

(32,000)

—

—

—

—

—

Intercompany distributions ............................................................

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES....

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH ..............

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash .................

Balance, beginning of year ...........................................................

77,319

75,215

—

27,111

21,453

(144,396)

(134,396)

—

15,581

9,461

Balance, end of year .....................................................................

$48,564

$25,042

—

—

—

—

32,000

28,531

13,763

580

(27,953)

126,703

$98,750

104

Item 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL 
DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Rayonier  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed by 
the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is (1) recorded, 
processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated 
and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate 
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no control evaluation can provide absolute assurance 
that all control exceptions and instances of fraud have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even systems 
determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved.

Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this 
Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, 
concluded that the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 
2019. 

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

In the year ended December 31, 2019, based upon the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15, there 
were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that would materially affect or are reasonably likely to 
materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

105

PART III

Certain information required by Part III is incorporated by reference from the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement 
to  be  filed  with  the  SEC  in  connection  with  the  solicitation  of  proxies  for  the  Company’s  2020 Annual  Meeting  of 
Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”). We will make the Proxy Statement available on our website at www.rayonier.com 
as soon as it is filed with the SEC.

Item 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

A list of our executive officers and their biographical information are found in Item 1 in this Annual Report on Form 
10-K. Additional information required by this Item with respect to directors and other governance matters is incorporated 
herein by reference from the sections and subsections entitled “Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors,” “Corporate 
Governance,” “Named Executive Officers” and “Report of the Audit Committee” in the Proxy Statement.

Our Standard of Ethics and Code of Corporate Conduct, which is applicable to our principal executive, financial 
and accounting officers, is available on our website, www.rayonier.com. Any amendments to or waivers of the Standard 
of Ethics and Code of Corporate Conduct will also be disclosed on our website.

Item 11. 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information called for by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference from the section and subsections entitled 
“Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Summary Compensation Table,” “CEO Pay Ratio,” “Grants of Plan-Based 
Awards,” “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End,” “Option Exercises and Stock Vested,” “Pension Benefits,” 
“Nonqualified  Deferred  Compensation,”  “Potential  Payments  Upon  Termination  or  Change  in  Control,”  “Director 
Compensation,”  “Compensation  Committee  Interlocks  and  Insider  Participation;  Processes  and  Procedures”  and 
“Report of the Compensation and Management Development Committee” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 12. 

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information called for by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference from the section and subsections entitled 
“Ownership of and Trading in our Shares,” “Share Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners,” “Share Ownership of 
Directors and Executive Officers” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information called for by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference from the section and subsections entitled 
“Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors,” “Director Independence” and “Related Person Transactions” in the Proxy 
Statement.

Item 14. 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information called for by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference from the subsection entitled “Information 

Regarding Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement.

106

Item 15. 

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)

Documents filed as a part of this report:

PART IV

(1) See Index to Financial Statements on page 48 for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this report.

(2) Financial Statement Schedules:

SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 
(In Thousands)

Description
Allowance for doubtful accounts:

Balance
at
Beginning
of Year

Additions 
Charged
to Cost
and
Expenses

Deductions

Year ended December 31, 2019 ................................
Year ended December 31, 2018 ................................
Year ended December 31, 2017 ................................

$8
23
33

16
—
—

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance:

Year ended December 31, 2019 ................................
Year ended December 31, 2018 ................................
Year ended December 31, 2017 ................................

$38,839
34,889
21,861

481 (a)
3,950 (a)
13,028 (a)

—
(15)
(10)

—
—
—

(a) The 2019, 2018 and 2017 increase is comprised of valuation allowance against the TRS deferred tax assets.

Balance
at End
of Year

$24
8
23

$39,320
38,839
34,889

All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, the required 
matter is not present or the required information has otherwise been supplied in the financial statements 
or the notes thereto.

(3) See Exhibit Index for a list of the exhibits filed or incorporated herein as part of this report. Exhibits that are
incorporated by reference to documents filed previously by the Company under the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934, as amended, are filed with the SEC under File No. 1-6780.

Item 16. 

FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

107

EXHIBIT INDEX

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of the Form 10-K. As permitted by the rules of the SEC, the Company has 
not filed certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company or its consolidated subsidiaries 
under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Company and 
its consolidated subsidiaries. The Company agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of any omitted instrument.

Exhibit No.

Description

Location

2.1 Contribution, Conveyance and Assumption Agreement dated 

December 18, 2003 by and among Rayonier Inc., Rayonier 
Timberlands Operating Company, L.P., Rayonier Timberlands, 
L.P., Rayonier Timberlands Management, LLC, Rayonier
Forest Resources, LLC, Rayland, LLC, Rayonier TRS
Holdings Inc., Rayonier Minerals, LLC, Rayonier Forest
Properties, LLC, Rayonier Wood Products, LLC, Rayonier
Wood Procurement, LLC, Rayonier International Wood
Products, LLC, Rayonier Forest Operations, LLC, Rayonier
Properties, LLC and Rayonier Performance Fibers, LLC

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant’s January 15,
2004 Form 8-K

2.2 Contribution, Conveyance and Assumption Agreement, dated 
July 29, 2010, between Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier Operating 
Company LLC

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.7 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2010
Form 10-Q

2.3 Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated May 28, 2014, 
by and between Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier Advanced 
Materials Inc.**

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1
to the Registrant’s May 30, 2014 Form
8-K

3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation

3.2 By-Laws

3.3 Limited Liability Company Agreement of Rayonier Operating 

Company LLC

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 
to the Registrant’s May 23, 2012 Form 
8-K

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2
to the Registrant’s October 21, 2009
Form 8-K

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3
to the Registrant’s June 30, 2010 Form
10-Q

4.1 Indenture relating to the 3.75% Senior Notes due 2022, dated 
March 5, 2012, between Rayonier Inc., as issuer, and The 
Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1
to the Registrant’s March 5, 2012 Form
8-K

4.2 First Supplemental Indenture relating to the 3.75% Senior 

Notes due 2022, dated March 5, 2012, among Rayonier Inc., 
as issuer, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The 
Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2
to the Registrant’s March 5, 2012 Form
8-K

4.3 Second Supplemental Indenture relating to the 3.75% Senior 
Notes due 2022, dated March 5, 2012, among Rayonier Inc., 
as issuer, the subsidiary guarantors named therein and The 
Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1
to the Registrant’s October 17, 2012
Form 8-K

4.4 Form of Note for 3.75% Senior Notes due 2022 (contained in 

Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.4)

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2
to the Registrant’s March 5, 2012 Form
8-K

4.5 Indenture among Rayonier A.M. Products Inc., the guarantors 

party thereto from time to time and Wells Fargo Bank, 
National Association, as Trustee, dated as of May 22, 2014

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1
to the Registrant’s May 22, 2014 Form
8-K

4.6 Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to 

Filed herewith

Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

10.1 Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for Salaried 

Employees effective March 1, 1994, amended and restated 
effective April 1, 2015 and further amended effective 
September 8, 2015*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2015 Form 10-K

Exhibit No.

Description

Location

10.2 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of June 1, 2016, executed 
February 25, 2016*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2016
Form 10-Q

10.3 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of June 1, 2016, executed 
June 13, 2016*

Filed herewith

10.4 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of January 1, 2017, executed 
January 17, 2017*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2017
Form 10-Q

10.5 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of January 1, 2017, executed 
July 20, 2017*

Incorporate by reference to Exhibit 10.1
to the Registrant’s June 30, 2017 Form
10-Q

10.6 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 
Salaried Employees effective as of April 1, 2017, executed 
December 7, 2016*

Filed herewith

10.7 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of October 1 2017, executed 
November 9, 2017*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.6 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2017 Form 10-K

10.8 Amendment to Rayonier Investment and Savings Plan for 

Salaried Employees effective as of November 1, 2018, 
executed December 21, 2018

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.7 to the Registrant’s December 31, 
2018 Form 10-K

10.9 Amended and Restated Retirement Plan for Salaried 
Employees of Rayonier Inc. effective January 1, 2014*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.9 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2015 Form 10-K

10.10 First Amendment to the Retirement Plan for Salaried 

Employees of Rayonier Inc. effective as of December 31, 
2016*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s September 30,
2016 Form 10-Q

10.11 Rayonier Inc. Excess Benefit Plan, as amended*

10.12 Form of Rayonier Outside Directors Compensation Program/

Cash Deferral Option Agreement*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2010
Form 10-Q

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.24 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2006 Form 10-K

10.13 Trust Agreement for the Rayonier Inc. Legal Resources Trust* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit

10.1 to the Registrant’s September 30,
2014 Form 10-Q

10.14 Amended and Restated Master Shareholder Agreement in 
Relation to Matariki Forests Australia PTY Limited, Matariki 
Forestry Group and Matariki Forests, dated February, 2010, 
by and among SAS Trustee Corporation, Deutche Asset 
Management (Australia) Limited, Rayonier Canterbury LLC, 
Rayonier New Zealand Limited, Cameron and Company 
Limited, Matariki Forests Australia Pty Limited, Matariki 
Forestry Group and Matariki Forests

Filed herewith

10.15 Deed of Amendment and Restatement of Shareholder 

Filed herewith

Agreement, dated March 31, 2016, by and among Rayonier 
Canterbury LLC, Waimarie Forests Pty Limited, Matariki 
Forestry Group, Matariki Forests and Phaunos Timber Fund 
Limited

10.16 Intellectual Property Agreement, dated June 27, 2014, by and 
between Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier Advanced Materials Inc.

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.4 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2014
Form 8-K

Exhibit No.

Description

Location

10.17 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Rayonier Inc. 

and its Officers and Directors*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.8 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2014
Form 10-Q

10.18 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Rayonier Inc. 

Filed herewith

and its Officers

10.19 Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan, as amended*

10.20 Form of Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan Non-Qualified Stock 

Option Award Agreement*

10.21 Form of Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan Restricted Stock 

Award Agreement*

10.22 2017 Performance Share Award Program*

10.23 2018 Performance Share Award Program*

Incorporate by reference to Exhibit
10.21 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2018 Form 10-K

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.19 to the Registrant’s December 31,
2008 Form 10-K

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.5 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2015
Form 10-Q

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2017
Form 10-Q

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2018
Form 10-Q

10.24 2019 Performance Share Award Program*

Filed herewith

10.25 Rayonier Inc. Supplemental Savings Plan effective March 1, 

2016*

10.26 Credit Agreement dated as of August 5, 2015 among 

Rayonier Inc., Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc. and Rayonier 
Operating Company LLC, as Borrowers, CoBank, ACB as 
Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and Issuing Bank, 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Farm Credit of Florida, ACA 
as Co-Syndication Agents, Credit Suisse AG and SunTrust 
Bank as Co-Documentation Agents and CoBank, ACB as 
Sole Lead Arranger and Sole Bookrunner

10.27 First Amendment and Incremental Term Loan Agreement 
dated as of April 28, 2016, by and among Rayonier Inc., 
Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc., Rayonier Operating Company 
LLC, as Borrowers, CoBank, ACB, as Administrative Agent 
and the several banks, financial institutions and other 
institutional lenders party thereto

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2016
Form 10-Q

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.3 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2016
Form 10-Q

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 to the Registrant’s May 2, 2016
Form 8-K

10.28 2016 Guarantee Agreement dated as of April 28, 2016 among 

Rayonier Inc., Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc. and COBANK, 
ACB, as Administrative Agent

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Registrant’s May 2, 2016
Form 8-K

10.29 Amended and Restated Executive Severance Pay Plan 

effective as of December 31, 2016*

Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.3 to the Registrant’s September 30,
2016 Form 10-Q

10.30 LTI Supplemental Terms Vesting in Event of Retirement

Filed herewith

10.31 Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award 

Filed herewith

Agreement, dated 2019*

Exhibit No.

Description

Location

10.32 Rayonier Non-Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, Effective 

Filed herewith

as of January 1, 2020*

21 Subsidiaries of the registrant

23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP

24 Powers of attorney

31.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2 Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 

13a-14(a)/15d-14-(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

Filed herewith

32 Certification of Periodic Financial Reports Under Section 906 

Furnished herewith

of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

101 The following financial information from our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019,
formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language
(“XBRL”), includes: (i) the Consolidated Statements of
Income and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017; (ii) the Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018; (iii) the
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017; (iv) the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017; and (v) the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.

* Management contract or compensatory plan.
** Certain schedules and similar attachments have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of

Regulation S-K. Rayonier will furnish supplemental copies of any such schedules or attachments to the U.S. 
Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 

this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

RAYONIER INC.

By:

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer)

February 24, 2020 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

/s/ DAVID L. NUNES

President and Chief Executive Officer

February 24, 2020

David L. Nunes
(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ MARK MCHUGH

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

February 24, 2020

Mark McHugh
(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ APRIL TICE

April Tice
(Principal Accounting Officer)

*
Richard D. Kincaid

*
Keith E. Bass

*
Dod A. Fraser

*
Scott R. Jones

*
Bernard Lanigan, Jr.

*
Blanche L. Lincoln

*
V. Larkin Martin

*
Andrew G. Wiltshire

*By:

/s/ MARK R. BRIDWELL
Mark R. Bridwell
Attorney-In-Fact

Vice President, Financial Services and Corporate
Controller

February 24, 2020

Chairman of the Board

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

112

February 24, 2020

SUBSIDIARIES OF RAYONIER INC. 
As of December 31, 2019 

Name of Subsidiary

Matariki Forests

Matariki Forestry Group

Rayonier Forest Resources, L.P.

Rayonier Operating Company LLC

Rayonier TRS Forest Operations, LLC

Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc.

Raydient LLC

EXHIBIT 21 

State/Country of
Incorporation/
Organization

New Zealand

New Zealand

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

In accordance with Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S–K, we have omitted some subsidiaries that, if considered in the aggregate 
as a single subsidiary, would not constitute a significant subsidiary as of December 31, 2019 under Rule 1–02(w) of Regulation 
S–X.

EXHIBIT 23.1 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: 

1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333–225530) of Rayonier, Inc.,

2) Registration Statement (Form S-4 Amendment No. 1 to No. 333–114858) of Rayonier Inc.,

3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333–129175) pertaining to the Rayonier 1994 Incentive Stock
Plan,

4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333–129176) pertaining to the 2004 Rayonier Incentive Stock and
Management Bonus Plan, and

5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 Amendment No. 2 to No. 333–152505) pertaining to the Rayonier
Investment and Savings Plan for Salaried Employees;

of our reports dated February 24, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of 
Rayonier Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Rayonier Inc. included in this 
Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Rayonier Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019. 

Jacksonville, Florida 
February 24, 2020 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

EXHIBIT 31.1

I, David L. Nunes, certify that: 

CERTIFICATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Rayonier Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.

b.

c.

d.

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control
over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.

b.

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 24, 2020 

/S/ DAVID L. NUNES
David L. Nunes
President and Chief Executive Officer, Rayonier Inc.

EXHIBIT 31.2

I, Mark McHugh, certify that:

CERTIFICATION

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Rayonier Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as
defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.

b.

c.

d.

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be
designed  under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in
which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting
to  be  designed  under  our  supervision,  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period
covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred
during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual
report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control
over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control
over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.

b.

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role
in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 24, 2020 

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer, Rayonier Inc. 

CERTIFICATION 

EXHIBIT 32 

The undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that 

to our knowledge: 

1.

2.

The Annual Report on Form 10-K of Rayonier Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended December 31, 2019 (the
“Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
and

The information in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company.

February 24, 2020 

/s/ DAVID L. NUNES
David L. Nunes
President and Chief Executive Officer, 
Rayonier Inc.

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer, Rayonier Inc.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Rayonier and will be retained by
Rayonier and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our mission is to provide industry-leading 
Our mission is to provide industry-leading 
financial returns to our shareholders 
financial returns to our shareholders 
while serving as a responsible steward 
while serving as a responsible steward 
of our lands.
of our lands.

1926

2019

93 Years
93 Years

RYN
LISTED
 NYSE

2.6 Million Acres
2.6 Million Acres

$5.2 Billion 
$5.2 Billion 
Enterprise Value
Enterprise Value

$247.8 Million 
$247.8 Million 
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA

$142 Million of 
$142 Million of 
Timberlands Acquired
Timberlands Acquired

PEFC/40-23-6

SFI-00023

NZ Sustainable Certification
NZ Sustainable Certification

U.S. Sustainable Certification
U.S. Sustainable Certification

~32 Million Seedlings Planted 
~32 Million Seedlings Planted 
throughout U.S. and NZ
throughout U.S. and NZ

Sustainable Yield of 
Sustainable Yield of 
~10 Million Tons Annually
~10 Million Tons Annually

~34.4 Million tCO
~34.4 Million tCO22e e 
Total Carbon Stored 
Total Carbon Stored 
in NZ Timberlands
in NZ Timberlands

$211,166  Avg. Price/Acre 
$211,166  Avg. Price/Acre 
Sold in Wildlight
Sold in Wildlight

400+ Jobs Created 
400+ Jobs Created 
in Wildlight
in Wildlight

~350 Employees
~350 Employees

Gender Diversity 
Gender Diversity 
65% Male / 35% Female
65% Male / 35% Female

2,000+ Community 
2,000+ Community 
Volunteer Hours
Volunteer Hours

Figures above are as of 12/31/2019 or represent full-year 2019, unless indicated otherwise.
Figures above are as of 12/31/2019 or represent full-year 2019, unless indicated otherwise.

Rayonier Inc. 2019

Board of Directors

Richard D. Kincaid [A, C] 
Chairman of the Board 
President and Founder 
Because Foundation

David L. Nunes 
President and  
Chief Executive Officer 
Rayonier Inc. 

Keith E. Bass [A, C] 
Managing Partner  
Mill Creek Capital LLC

Dod A. Fraser [A, N] 
President 
Sackett Partners

Scott R. Jones [C] 
Retired, President 
Forest Capital Partners

Bernard Lanigan, Jr. [A, N] 
Chairman & CEO, 
Southeast Asset Advisors, Inc.; 
Founder and Chairman, 
Lanigan & Associates, P.C.

Blanche L. Lincoln [C, N] 
Founder and Principal 
Lincoln Policy Group

V. Larkin Martin [C, N] 
Managing Partner 
Martin Farm; 
Vice President 
The Albemarle Corporation

Andrew G. Wiltshire [A, N]
Founding Partner,  
Folium Capital LLC; 
Management and Governance 
of private orchard  
and farming companies 

BOARD COMMITTEES:  [A] Audit  [C] Compensation and Management Development  [N] Nominating and Corporate Governance

Executive Officers

David L. Nunes 
President and  
Chief Executive Officer

Mark D. McHugh 
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer

Douglas M. Long 
Senior Vice President, 
Forest Resources

Christopher T. Corr 
Senior Vice President, 
Real Estate Development  

Mark R. Bridwell 
Vice President,  
General Counsel and  
Corporate Secretary

Shelby L. Pyatt 
Vice President, 
Human Resources and 
Information Technology

W. Rhett Rogers 
Vice President, 
Portfolio Management

April J. Tice 
Vice President, 
Financial Services and 
Corporate Controller

Corporate Headquarters
Rayonier Inc.  
1 Rayonier Way  
Wildlight, FL 32097  
904.357.9100  
www.rayonier.com

Investor and Media Relations
Mark D. McHugh  
Senior Vice President and  
Chief Financial Officer

Corporate Information

Form 10-K
Additional copies of this report  
and Rayonier’s report on Form 10-K 
are available without charge upon 
written request to:  
Rayonier Inc.
Investor Relations  
1 Rayonier Way  
Wildlight, FL 32097

Independent Registered  
Public Accounting Firm
Ernst & Young, LLP  
12926 Gran Bay Parkway West  
Suite 500  
Jacksonville, FL 32258

Stock Information
Listed: New York Stock Exchange  
Symbol: RYN  
CUSIP: 754 907 103

Transfer Agent and 
Registrar Rayonier Inc.
c/o Computershare 
P.O. Box 505000 
Louisville, KY 40233-5000  
800.659.0158 (U.S.) 
201.680.6578 (International)

www.computershare.com/investor

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Rayonier Inc.   
1 Rayonier Way 
1 Rayonier Way 
Wildlight, Florida 32097
Wildlight, Florida 32097

2019 Annual Report 
2019 Annual Report