Retail Opportunity Investments
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to or RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Commission file number: 001-33749 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Commission file number: 333-189057-01 Maryland Delaware (Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.) (Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 26-0500600 94-2969738 (Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.) (Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 11250 El Camino Real San Diego, California (Address of Principal Executive Offices) 92130 (Zip Code) (858) 677-0900 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. None Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Yes ☒ No ☐ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Yes ☒ No ☐ Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Yes ☒ No ☐ Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. ☒ Large accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Large accelerated filer Emerging growth company ☐ ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Non-accelerated filer ☒ ☐ ☐ ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP ☒ ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP ☐ ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1 (b). Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP ☐ ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a Shell Company (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of Registrant Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Title of each class Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share None Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered ROIC None NASDAQ None The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. as of June 30, 2023, the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1.7 billion (based on the closing sale price of $13.51 per share of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. common stock on that date as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market). There is no public trading market for the operating partnership units of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP. As a result the aggregate market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of this registrant cannot be determined. Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: 127,004,828 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. outstanding as of February 8, 2024. Portions of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.’s definitive proxy statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting, to be filed within 120 days after its fiscal year, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 1 EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., a Maryland corporation (“ROIC”), and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) of which Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. is the parent company and through its wholly owned subsidiary, acts as general partner. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company” refer to ROIC together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to the Operating Partnership refer to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP together with its consolidated subsidiaries. ROIC operates as a real estate investment trust and as of December 31, 2023, ROIC owned an approximate 94.4% partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, ROIC’s wholly-owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Through this subsidiary, ROIC has full and complete authority and control over the Operating Partnership’s business. The Company believes that combining the annual reports on Form 10-K of ROIC and the Operating Partnership into a single report will result in the following benefits: • facilitate a better understanding by the investors of ROIC and the Operating Partnership by enabling them to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business; • remove duplicative disclosures and provide a more straightforward presentation in light of the fact that a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both ROIC and the Operating Partnership; and • create time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports. Management operates ROIC and the Operating Partnership as one enterprise. The management of ROIC and the Operating Partnership are the same. There are few differences between ROIC and the Operating Partnership, which are reflected in the disclosures in this report. The Company believes it is important to understand the differences between ROIC and the Operating Partnership in the context of how these entities operate as an interrelated consolidated company. ROIC is a real estate investment trust, whose only material assets are its direct or indirect partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and membership interest in Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, which is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As a result, ROIC does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the parent company and through Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership GP, LLC as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all the assets of the Company and directly or indirectly holds the ownership interests in the Company’s real estate ventures. The Company conducts its business through the Operating Partnership, which is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from equity issuances by ROIC, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership generates the capital required by the Company’s business through the Operating Partnership’s operations, by the Operating Partnership’s incurrence of indebtedness (directly and through subsidiaries) or through the issuance of operating partnership units (“OP Units”) of the Operating Partnership. Non-controlling interests is the primary difference between the Consolidated Financial Statements for ROIC and the Operating Partnership. The OP Units in the Operating Partnership that are not owned by ROIC are accounted for as partners’ capital in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as non-controlling interests in ROIC’s financial statements. Accordingly, this report presents the Consolidated Financial Statements for ROIC and the Operating Partnership separately, as required, as well as Earnings Per Share / Earnings Per Unit and Capital of the Partnership. This report also includes separate Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer certifications for each of ROIC and the Operating Partnership as reflected in Exhibits 31 and 32. 2 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1. Item 1A. Item 1B. Item 1C. Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. PART II Item 5. Item 7. Item 7A. Item 8. Item 9. Item 9A. Item 9B. Item 9C. PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. PART IV Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy and Governance Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule SIGNATURES 3 Page 6 6 13 28 28 29 34 34 34 34 36 49 50 88 88 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 90 94 Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information When used in this discussion and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements with the meaning of that term in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and in Section 21F of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Additional factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements include: Actual results may differ materially due to uncertainties including: • the Company’s ability to identify and acquire retail real estate that meet its investment standards in its markets; • the level of rental revenue the Company achieves from its assets; • the market value of the Company’s assets and the supply of, and demand for, the retail real estate in which it invests; • the state of the U.S. economy generally, or in specific geographic regions; • the impact of economic conditions on the Company’s business; • the conditions in the local markets in which the Company operates and its concentration in those markets, as well as changes in national economic and market conditions; • consumer spending and confidence trends; • the Company’s ability to enter into new leases or to renew leases with existing tenants at the properties it owns or acquires at favorable rates; • the Company’s ability to anticipate changes in consumer buying practices and the space needs of tenants; • the competitive landscape impacting the properties the Company owns or acquires and their tenants; • the Company’s relationships with its tenants and their financial condition and liquidity; • ROIC’s ability to continue to qualify as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax (a “REIT”); • the Company’s use of debt as part of its financing strategy and its ability to make payments or to comply with any covenants under its unsecured senior notes, its unsecured credit facilities or other debt facilities it currently has or subsequently obtains; • the Company’s level of operating expenses, including amounts it is required to pay to its management team; • changes in interest rates or the Company’s credit ratings that could impact the market price of ROIC’s common stock and the cost of the Company’s borrowings; • legislative and regulatory changes (including changes to laws governing the taxation of REITs). Forward-looking statements are based on estimates as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company disclaims any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements reflecting new estimates, events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including but not limited to “Risk Factors,” and other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, may include additional factors that could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial performance. Moreover, the Company operates in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor can it assess the impact of all such risk factors on the Company’s business or 4 the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. RISK FACTORY SUMMARY An investment in the Company’s securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks summarized in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in this report. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: Risks Related to the Company’s Business and Operations • • • • • • • • There are risks relating to investments in real estate. The Company operates in a highly competitive market and competition may limit its ability to acquire desirable assets and to attract and retain tenants. The Company may change any of its strategies, policies or procedures without stockholder consent, which could materially and adversely affect its business. Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect the Company’s financial condition, its results of operations and the value of its assets. Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease the Company’s revenues and available cash. Real estate investments’ value and income fluctuate due to conditions in the general economy and the real estate business, which may materially and adversely affect the Company’s ability to service its debt and expenses. Factors affecting the general retail environment could adversely affect the financial condition of the Company’s retail tenants and the willingness of retailers to lease space in its shopping centers, and in turn, materially and adversely affect the Company. The Company does not have a formal policy limiting the amount of debt it may incur and its board of directors may change its leverage policy without stockholder consent, which could result in a different risk profile. • A prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real estate values could impair the Company’s assets and have a material and adverse effect on its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. • The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition have been and in the future may be adversely impacted by a pandemic or a public health crisis. Risks Related to Financing • • • • The Company’s term loan, credit facility and unsecured senior notes contain restrictive covenants relating to its operations, which could limit the Company’s ability to respond to changing market conditions and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Certain of the Company’s mortgage financing arrangements and other indebtedness contain provisions that could limit the Company’s operating flexibility. Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of the Company’s debt payments and materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Financing arrangements that the Company may use to finance its assets may require it to provide additional collateral or pay down debt. 5 Risks Related to the Company’s Organization and Structure • • • • The Company depends on dividends and distributions from its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The creditors of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or distributions to the Company. The Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT would subject it to U.S. federal income tax and potentially increased state and local taxes, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to its stockholders. To maintain its REIT qualification, the Company may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. The Company cannot assure you of its ability to pay distributions in the future. PART I In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, all references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company” refer to ROIC together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership. Item 1. Business Overview Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., a Maryland corporation (“ROIC”) commenced operations in October 2009 as a fully integrated, self-managed REIT. The Company specializes in the acquisition, ownership and management of necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers on the west coast of the United States, anchored by supermarkets and drugstores. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s portfolio consisted of 95 properties (94 retail and one office) totaling approximately 10.7 million square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”). The Company is organized in a traditional umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (“UpREIT”) format pursuant to which Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, its wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the sole general partner of, and ROIC conducts substantially all of its business through, its operating partnership, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), together with its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2023, ROIC owned an approximate 94.4% partnership interest and other limited partners owned the remaining 5.6% partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. ROIC’s only material assets are its direct or indirect partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and membership interest in Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, which is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As a result, ROIC does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the parent company and through this subsidiary, acts as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all the assets of the Company and directly or indirectly holds the ownership interests in the Company’s real estate ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the Company’s business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from equity issuances by ROIC, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership generates the capital required by the Company’s business through the Operating Partnership’s operations, by the Operating Partnership’s incurrence of indebtedness (directly and through subsidiaries) or through the issuance of operating partnership units (“OP Units”) of the Operating Partnership. Investment Strategy The Company seeks to acquire shopping centers located in densely populated, supply-constrained metropolitan markets on the west coast of the United States, which exhibit income and population growth and high barriers to entry. The Company’s senior management team has operated in the Company’s markets for over 30 years and has established an extensive network of relationships in these markets with key institutional and private property owners, brokers and financial institutions and other real estate operators. The Company’s in-depth local and regional market knowledge and expertise provides a distinct competitive advantage in identifying and accessing attractive acquisition opportunities, including properties that are not widely marketed. The Company seeks to acquire high quality, necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers anchored by national and regional supermarkets and drugstores that are well-leased, with stable cash flows. Additionally, the Company acquires shopping centers which it believes are candidates for attractive near-term re-tenanting or present other value- 6 enhancement opportunities. Upon acquiring a shopping center, the Company normally commences leasing initiatives aimed at enhancing long-term value through re-leasing below-market space and improving the tenant mix. The Company derives revenues primarily from rents and reimbursement payments received from tenants under leases at the Company’s properties. The Company focuses on leasing to retailers that provide necessity-based, non-discretionary goods and services, catering to the basic and daily needs of the surrounding community, a majority of which are destination-based and therefore more resistant to competition from e-commerce than other types of retailers. The Company believes necessity-based retailers draw consistent, regular traffic to its shopping centers, which results in stronger sales for its tenants and a more consistent revenue base. Additionally, the Company seeks to maintain a strong and diverse tenant base with a balance of large, long- term leases to major national and regional retailers, including supermarkets, drugstores and discount stores, with small, shorter-term leases to a broad mix of national, regional and local retailers. The Company believes the long-term anchor tenants provide a reliable, stable base of rental revenue, while the shorter-term leases afford the Company the opportunity to drive rental growth, as well as the ongoing flexibility to adapt to evolving consumer trends. The Company believes that the current market environment continues to present opportunities for it to further build its portfolio and add additional necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers that meet its investment profile. The Company’s long-term objective is to prudently build and maintain a diverse portfolio of necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers aimed at providing stockholders with sustainable, long- term growth and value through all economic cycles. In implementing its investment strategy and selecting an asset for acquisition, the Company analyzes the fundamental qualities of the asset, the inherent strengths and weaknesses of its market, sub-market drivers and trends, and potential risks and risk mitigants facing the property. The Company believes that its acquisition process and operational expertise provide it with the capability to identify and properly underwrite investment opportunities. The Company’s aim is to seek to provide diversification of assets, tenant exposures, lease terms and locations in its portfolio. In order to capitalize on the changing sets of investment opportunities that may be present in the various points of an economic cycle, the Company may expand or refocus its investment strategy. The Company’s investment strategy may be amended from time to time, if approved by its board of directors. The Company is not required to seek stockholder approval when amending its investment strategy. Transactions During 2023 Investing Activities Property Asset Acquisitions On December 1, 2023, the Company acquired the property known as Foothill Plaza, located in La Verne, California, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, for an adjusted purchase price of approximately $21.9 million. Foothill Plaza is approximately 65,000 square feet and is anchored by Sprouts Market. The property was acquired with cash on hand. Financing Activities The Company employs prudent amounts of leverage and uses debt as a means of providing funds for the acquisition of its properties and the diversification of its portfolio. The Company seeks to primarily utilize unsecured debt in order to maintain liquidity and flexibility in its capital structure. Term Loan and Credit Facility The Operating Partnership has an unsecured term loan (the “term loan”) with several banks. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017, as amended (the “Term Loan Agreement”). Under the Term Loan Agreement, the lenders agreed to provide $300.0 million of unsecured borrowings. The maturity date of the term loan is January 20, 2025, without further options for extension. The Term Loan Agreement also provides that the Operating Partnership may from time to time request increased aggregate commitments of $200.0 million if certain conditions are met, including the consent of the lenders to the additional commitments. Under the Term Loan Agreement, Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) based loans bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR or Term SOFR plus an index adjustment of 0.10% plus an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company 7 (currently 1.0%). Base Rate Loans bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.0%) plus the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the rate publicly announced by KeyBank National Association as its “prime rate,” and (iii) one month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. Capitalized terms used in this paragraph but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Term Loan Agreement. The Operating Partnership has an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “credit facility”) with several banks. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017 (as amended, the “Credit Facility Agreement”). Under the Credit Facility Agreement, the Operating Partnership has borrowing capacity of up to $600.0 million. The maturity date under the Credit Facility Agreement is March 2, 2027, with two six-month extension options, which may be exercised by the Operating Partnership upon satisfaction of certain conditions including the payment of extension fees. Additionally, the Credit Facility Agreement contains an accordion feature, which allows the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility Agreement up to an aggregate of $1.2 billion, subject to lender consents and other conditions. Under the Credit Facility Agreement, SOFR based loans bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR or Term SOFR plus an index adjustment of 0.10% plus an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.85%). Base Rate Loans and Swing Line Loans bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.0%) plus the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the rate publicly announced by KeyBank National Association as its “prime rate,” and (iii) one month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. Capitalized terms used in this paragraph but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Credit Facility Agreement. Additionally, the Operating Partnership is obligated to pay a facility fee at a rate based on the credit rating level of the Company, currently 0.20%, and a fronting fee at a rate of 0.125% per year with respect to each letter of credit issued under the Credit Facility Agreement, of which the Operating Partnership had $150,000 outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The Company has investment grade credit ratings from Moody’s Investors Service (Baa2), S&P Global Ratings (BBB-) and Fitch Ratings (BBB). The Operating Partnership’s debt agreements contain customary representations, financial and other covenants, and its ability to borrow under these agreements is subject to its compliance with financial covenants and other restrictions on an ongoing basis. The Company was in compliance with such covenants at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, $200.0 million and $75.0 million were outstanding under the term loan and credit facility, respectively. The weighted average interest rates on the term loan and the credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2023 were 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively. As discussed in Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company uses interest rate swaps to help manage its interest rate risk. Effective March 31, 2023, $150.0 million of the Company’s term loan was swapped at a blended interest rate of 5.4%. The Company had no amounts available to borrow under the term loan at December 31, 2023. The Company had approximately $525.0 million available to borrow under the credit facility at December 31, 2023. On September 21, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed a registered underwritten public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Notes Due 2028”). The Senior Notes Due 2028 pay interest semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, 2024, and mature on October 15, 2028, unless redeemed earlier by the Operating Partnership. ROIC fully and unconditionally guarantees the Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Senior Notes Due 2028 on a senior unsecured basis, including the due and punctual payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, the notes, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration, notice of redemption or otherwise. Proceeds from this offering were used to pay down $100.0 million of borrowings under the term loan on September 21, 2023. The remaining proceeds from this offering, along with borrowings under the credit facility, were used for the repayment of the Operating Partnership’s $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Senior Notes Due 2023”) on December 15, 2023. ATM Equity Offering On February 20, 2020, ROIC entered into an “at the market” sales agreement, as amended on April 27, 2022 (the “Sales Agreement”), with each of (i) KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BTIG, LLC, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Capital One Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Regions Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (collectively, the “Agents”) and (ii) the Forward Purchasers (as defined below), pursuant to which ROIC may sell, from time to time, shares (any such shares, the “Primary Shares”) of ROIC’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), to or through the Agents and instruct certain of the Agents, acting as forward sellers (the “Forward Sellers”), to offer and sell 8 borrowed shares (any such shares, “Forward Hedge Shares,” and collectively with the Primary Shares, the “Shares”) with the Shares to be sold under the Sales Agreement having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million. The Sales Agreement contemplates that, in addition to the issuance and sale of Primary Shares to or through the Agents as principal or its sales agents, ROIC may enter into separate forward sale agreements with any of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC or their respective affiliates (in such capacity, the “Forward Purchasers”). If ROIC enters into a forward sale agreement with any Forward Purchaser, ROIC expects that such Forward Purchaser or its affiliate will borrow from third parties and, through the relevant Forward Seller, sell a number of Forward Hedge Shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement, in accordance with the mutually accepted instructions related to such forward sale agreement. ROIC will not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of Forward Hedge Shares through a Forward Seller. ROIC expects to fully physically settle each particular forward sale agreement with the relevant Forward Purchaser on one or more dates specified by ROIC on or prior to the maturity date of that particular forward sale agreement by issuing shares of Common Stock (the “Confirmation Shares”), in which case ROIC expects to receive aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, ROIC may also elect to cash settle or net share settle a particular forward sale agreement, in which case ROIC may not receive any proceeds from the issuance of shares of Common Stock, and ROIC will instead receive or pay cash (in the case of cash settlement) or receive or deliver shares of Common Stock (in the case of net share settlement). During the year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC sold a total of 904,290 shares under the Sales Agreement, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $12.8 million and commissions of approximately $128,000 paid to the Agents. The Company plans to finance future acquisitions through a combination of operating cashflow, borrowings under the credit facility, the assumption of existing mortgage debt, the issuance of equity securities including OP Units, equity and debt offerings, and the potential sale of existing assets. Business Segments The Company’s primary business is the ownership, management, and redevelopment of retail real estate properties. The Company reviews operating and financial information for each property on an individual basis and therefore, each property represents an individual operating segment. The Company evaluates financial performance using property operating income, defined as operating revenues (rental revenue and other income), less property and related expenses (property operating expenses and property taxes). The Company has aggregated the properties into one reportable segment as the properties share similar long-term economic characteristics and have other similarities including the fact that they are operated using consistent business strategies, are typically located in major metropolitan areas, and have similar tenant mixes. Regulation The following discussion describes certain material U.S. federal laws and regulations that may affect the Company’s operations and those of its tenants. However, the discussion does not address state laws and regulations, except as otherwise indicated. These state laws and regulations, like the U.S. federal laws and regulations, could affect the Company’s operations and those of its tenants. Generally, real estate properties are subject to various laws, ordinances and regulations. Changes in any of these laws or regulations, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response and Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, increase the potential liability for environmental conditions or circumstances existing or created by tenants or others on the properties. In addition, laws affecting development, construction, operation, upkeep, safety and taxation requirements may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, loss of real estate property sites or other impairments, which would adversely affect its cash flows from operating activities. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “Americans with Disabilities Act”) all places of public accommodation are required to meet certain U.S. federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. A number of additional U.S. federal, state and local laws also exist that may require modifications to properties, or restrict certain further renovations thereof, with respect to access thereto by disabled persons. Noncompliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants and also could result in an order to correct any non-complying feature which could result in substantial capital expenditures. To the extent the Company’s properties are not in compliance, the Company may incur additional costs to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. 9 Property management activities are often subject to state real estate brokerage laws and regulations as determined by the particular real estate commission for each state. Environmental Matters Pursuant to U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate, remove and/or remediate a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property. Further, under certain circumstances, such owners or operators of real property may be held liable for property damage, personal injury and/or natural resource damage resulting from or arising in connection with such releases. Certain of these laws have been interpreted to be joint and several unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocation of responsibility. The failure to properly remediate the property may also adversely affect the owner’s ability to lease, sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. In connection with the ownership, operation and management of the Company’s current properties and any properties that it may acquire and/or manage in the future, the Company could be legally responsible for environmental liabilities or costs relating to a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property. In order to assess the potential for such liability, the Company conducts an environmental assessment of each property prior to acquisition and manages its properties in accordance with environmental laws while it owns or operates them. All of its leases contain a comprehensive environmental provision that requires tenants to conduct all activities in compliance with environmental laws and to indemnify the owner for any harm caused by the failure to do so. In addition, the Company has engaged qualified, reputable and adequately insured environmental consulting firms to perform environmental site assessments of its properties and is not aware of any environmental issues that are expected to materially impact the financial condition of the Company. Competition The Company believes that competition for the acquisition, operation and development of retail properties is highly fragmented. The Company competes with numerous owners, operators and developers for acquisitions and development of retail properties, including institutional investors, other REITs and other owner-operators of necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers, primarily anchored by supermarkets and drugstores, some of which own or may in the future own properties similar to the Company’s in the same markets in which its properties are located. The Company also faces competition in leasing available space to prospective tenants at its properties. The actual competition for tenants varies depending upon the characteristics of each local market (including current economic conditions) in which the Company owns and manages property. The Company believes that the principal competitive factors in attracting tenants in its market areas are location, demographics, price, the presence of anchor stores and the appearance of properties. Many of the Company’s competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, marketing and other resources than the Company. Other entities may raise significant amounts of capital and may have investment objectives that overlap with those of the Company, which may create additional competition for opportunities to acquire assets. In the future, competition from these entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to the Company or increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell. Further, as a result of their greater resources, such entities may have more flexibility than the Company does in their ability to offer rental concessions to attract tenants. If the Company’s competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates the Company currently charges its tenants, the Company may lose potential tenants and it may be pressured to reduce its rental rates below those it currently charges in order to retain tenants when its tenants’ leases expire. Employees and Human Capital Management As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 71 employees, including 19 maintenance employees at its shopping centers, one non-executive Chairman of its board of directors and three executive officers, one of whom is also a member of its board of directors. The Company believes that its talented and committed employees are the foundation of its success and supporting employees, tenants and communities is at the heart of the Company’s business model. Diversity and Inclusion. The Company values and advances a diverse and inclusive workplace and strives to create equal opportunities for all current and future employees. As an equal opportunity employer, the Company is committed to maintaining an equitable workplace that is free from discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity or expression, national origin, age, disability, military or veteran status, genetic information, or other statuses protected by applicable federal, state, and local law. The Company does not tolerate disrespectful or inappropriate behavior, harassment, unfair treatment or retaliation of any kind, and has instituted annual diversity and inclusion training for all ROIC employees. 10 The Company believes that its success is dependent upon the diverse backgrounds and perspectives of its employees and directors and strives to build a culture that is collaborative, diverse, supportive and inclusive. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 46% of the Company’s employees identified as a racial or ethnic minority and approximately 68% of the Company’s employees were female. In 2020, the Company also adopted environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) metrics as part of its long-term incentive compensation plan that included holding a diversity and inclusion training for employees. Following the initial training, this is now required annually. Training and Education. The Company supports the continual development of its employees by providing educational and training opportunities to help advance their personal and professional growth and skills, including accounting and continuing education classes, professional certifications, software training and industry workshops and seminars, in addition to diversity and inclusion training and harassment training, for both supervisors and non- supervisors. Employee Wellness and Benefits. The physical and mental health and wellness of the Company’s employees is paramount. The Company provides employees with competitive compensation and a wide range of benefits including comprehensive medical and dental insurance coverage, short and long- term disability benefits, a 401(K) retirement program with matching, vacation, sick and personal leave, flexible work arrangements, flexible savings accounts, and other benefits. Community Engagement. The Company’s properties provide essential services to the communities in which they are located and the Company understands that they play an important role in making these communities better places to live and work. The Company is committed to making a positive impact in its communities and engages in community activities such as hosting and/or sponsoring free or not-for-profit led community events at its properties throughout the year. ESG Highlights 2023 Green Lease Leader • The Company was awarded the “Gold” level designation for the third year in a row by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Better Buildings Alliance and Institute for Market Transformation due to its efforts to incorporate energy efficiency, cost savings, air quality and sustainability criteria into lease agreements. Sustainability Reporting • • The Company has participated in GRESB (formerly known as Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark) since 2021. The Company reported in line with the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board standards and the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, disclosing information sought by investors. Energy Management and Clean Energy Infrastructure • • The Company continues to focus on improving energy efficiency at all of its properties and achieved a 7% year-over-year reduction (at like-for- like properties) in energy usage from 2021 to 2022. The Company is implementing measures such as leasing its roof space to solar companies and installing electric vehicle (“EV”) charging stations, smart irrigation controllers and LED lighting, and as of December 31, 2023, the Company has: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Solar agreements at twelve of its properties, representing approximately 20% of its portfolio by gross leasable area. 70 EV charging stations at nine of its properties and has entered into agreements to add an additional 137 EV charging stations across its portfolio within the next twelve months. Installed smart irrigation controllers and monitoring systems at 34 California shopping centers. 37 shopping centers have common area lighting that has been converted to LED. 11 Additional information regarding the Company’s human capital programs and initiatives is available in the Company’s ESG Report, which can be found on the Company’s website. Information on the Company’s website, including its ESG Report, is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Available Information The Company files its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The Company’s website is www.roireit.net. The Company’s reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are available free of charge on its Website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports and amendments are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The contents of the Company’s website are not incorporated by reference herein. 12 Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Related to the Company’s Business and Operations There are risks relating to investments in real estate. Real property investments are subject to varying degrees of risk. Real estate values are affected by a number of factors, including: changes in the general economic climate, local conditions (such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in an area), the quality and philosophy of management, competition from other available space, the ability of the owner to provide adequate maintenance and insurance and to control variable operating costs, adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, pandemics and other public health crises, wars, terrorist activities and other factors in the areas in which the properties are located. Shopping centers, in particular, may be affected by changing perceptions of retailers or shoppers regarding the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the shopping center, increasing consumer purchases through online retail websites and catalogs, the ongoing consolidation in the retail sector and by the overall climate for the retail industry generally. Real estate values are also affected by such factors as government regulations, interest rate levels, the availability of financing and potential liability under, and changes in, environmental, zoning, tax and other laws. A significant portion of the Company’s income is derived from rental income from real property. The Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and ability to service its debt obligations could be materially and adversely affected if a significant number of its tenants were unable to meet their obligations, or if it were unable to lease on economically favorable terms a significant amount of space in its properties. In the event of default by a tenant, the Company may experience delays in enforcing, and incur substantial costs to enforce, its rights as a landlord. In addition, certain significant expenditures associated with each equity investment (such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment. The Company operates in a highly competitive market and competition may limit its ability to acquire desirable assets and to attract and retain tenants. The Company operates in a highly competitive market. The Company’s profitability depends, in large part, on its ability to acquire its assets at favorable prices and on trends impacting the retail industry in general, national, regional and local economic conditions, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulations, legislation and population trends. Many of the Company’s competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, marketing and other resources than it does. Other entities may raise significant amounts of capital and may have investment objectives that overlap with the Company’s. In addition, the properties that the Company acquires may face competition from similar properties in the same market, as well as from e-commerce websites. The presence of competitive alternatives affects the Company’s ability to lease space and the level of rents it can obtain. New construction, renovations and expansions at competing sites could also negatively affect the Company’s properties. The Company may change any of its strategies, policies or procedures without stockholder consent, which could materially and adversely affect its business. The Company may change any of its strategies, policies or procedures with respect to acquisitions, asset allocation, growth, operations, indebtedness, financing strategy and distributions, including those related to maintaining its REIT qualification, at any time without the consent of its stockholders, which could result in making acquisitions that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the types of acquisitions described in this Annual Report on Form 10- K. A change in the Company’s strategy may increase its exposure to real estate market fluctuations, financing risk, default risk and interest rate risk. Furthermore, a change in the Company’s asset allocation could result in the Company making acquisitions in asset categories different from those described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These changes could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s directors are subject to potential conflicts of interest. The Company’s executive officers and directors may face conflicts of interest. Except for Messrs. Tanz, Haines and Schoebel, none of the Company’s executive officers or directors are required to commit substantially all of their business time to the Company. Also, in the course of their other business activities, the Company’s directors may become aware of investment and business opportunities that may be appropriate for presentation to the Company as well as the other entities with which they are 13 affiliated. They may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. As a result of multiple business affiliations, the Company’s non-management directors may have legal obligations relating to presenting opportunities to acquire one or more properties, portfolios or real estate-related debt investments to other entities. The Company’s non-management directors (including the Company’s non-executive Chairman) may present such opportunities to the other entities to which they owe pre-existing fiduciary duties before presenting such opportunities to the Company. In addition, conflicts of interest may arise when the Company’s board of directors evaluates a particular opportunity. Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect the Company’s financial condition, its results of operations and the value of its assets. There are many factors that can affect the value of the Company’s assets, including the state of the capital markets and the economy. Any reduction in available financing may materially and adversely affect the Company’s ability to achieve its financial objectives. Concern about the stability of the markets generally may limit the Company’s ability and the ability of its tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs. Although the Company will factor in these conditions in acquiring its assets, its long-term success depends in part on general economic conditions and the stability and dependability of the financing market for retail real estate. If the national economy or the local economies in which the Company operates were to experience uncertainty, or if general economic conditions were to worsen, the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders could be materially and adversely affected. Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease the Company’s revenues and available cash. In the case of many retail properties, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could cause the Company to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties and could allow other tenants to exercise so-called “kick-out” clauses in their leases and terminate their lease or reduce their rents prior to the normal expiration of their lease terms. As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of major tenants could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Inflation or deflation may materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and distributions to its stockholders. Increased inflation could have a pronounced negative impact on the Company’s property operating expenses and general and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than the Company’s rents. Inflation could also have an adverse effect on consumer spending which could impact the Company’s tenants’ sales and, in turn, the Company’s percentage rents, where applicable, and the willingness and ability of tenants to enter into or renew leases and/or honor their obligations under existing leases. Conversely, deflation could lead to downward pressure on rents and other sources of income. Compliance or failure to comply with safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs. The Company’s properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If the Company fails to comply with these requirements, it could incur fines or private damage awards. The Company does not know whether compliance with the requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that could affect its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company expects to acquire additional properties and this may create risks. The Company expects to acquire additional properties consistent with its investment strategies. The Company may not, however, succeed in consummating desired acquisitions on time, within budget or at all. In addition, the Company may face competition in pursuing acquisition opportunities, which could result in increased acquisition costs. When the Company does pursue a project or acquisition, it may not succeed in leasing newly acquired properties at rents sufficient to cover its costs of acquisition. Difficulties in integrating acquisitions may prove costly or time-consuming and could result in poorer than anticipated performance. The Company may also abandon acquisition opportunities that it has begun pursuing and consequently 14 fail to recover expenses already incurred. Furthermore, acquisitions of new properties will expose the Company to the liabilities of those properties, including, for example, liabilities for clean-up of disclosed or undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by persons in respect of events transpiring or conditions existing before the Company’s acquisition and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of properties. In the event the Company seeks to redevelop existing properties, these projects could be subject to delays or other risks and might not yield the returns anticipated, which would harm the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The Company may selectively engage in redevelopment projects at certain of its properties. To the extent the Company enters into redevelopment projects, it will be subject to a number of risks that could negatively affect its return on investment, financial condition, results of operations and the Company’s ability to make distributions to stockholders, including, among others: • • • higher than anticipated construction costs, including labor, materials and higher than anticipated financing costs; delayed ability or inability to reach projected occupancy, rental rates, profitability, and investment return; timing delays due to weather, labor disruptions, supply chain disruptions, zoning or other regulatory approvals, tenant decision delays, delays in anchor approvals of redevelopment plans, where required, acts of God (such as fires, significant storms, earthquakes or floods), pandemics and other public health crises, wars, terrorist activities and other factors outside the Company’s control, which might make a project less profitable or unprofitable, or delay profitability; and • expenditure of money and time on projects that might be significantly delayed before stabilization. If a project is unsuccessful, either because it is not meeting its expectations when operational or was not completed according to the project planning, the Company could lose its investment in the project or have to incur an impairment charge relating to the asset or development which could then adversely impact the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The Company faces risks associated with the development and redevelopment of mixed-use commercial properties. The Company may continue to expand its investment focus to include more complex mixed-use development and redevelopment projects that pose unique risks to the Company’s return on investment. Mixed-use projects refer to real estate projects that, in addition to retail space, may also include space for residential, office, hotel or other commercial purposes. The Company has less experience in developing and redeveloping and managing non-retail real estate than it does retail real estate. As a result, if a development or redevelopment project includes a non-retail use, the Company may seek to develop that component itself, sell the rights to that component to a third-party developer, or partner with a developer. The Company may be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development or redevelopment of retail real estate, but also to risks associated with developing, owning, operating or selling non-retail real estate, with which the Company has less experience, including but not limited to complex entitlement processes. These unique risks may adversely impact the return on investment in these mixed-use development or redevelopment projects. If the Company sells the non-retail components, the Company’s retail component may be impacted by the decisions made by the other owners, and actions of those occupying the non-retail spaces in these mixed-use properties. If the Company partners with a developer, the Company might be dependent upon the partner’s ability to perform and to agree on major decisions that impact the Company’s investment returns of the project. In addition, there is a risk that the non-retail developer may default on its obligations necessitating that the Company complete the other components itself, including providing necessary financing. Factors affecting the general retail environment could adversely affect the financial condition of the Company’s retail tenants and the willingness of retailers to lease space in its shopping centers, and in turn, materially and adversely affect the Company. The Company’s properties are focused on the retail real estate market. This means that the performance of the Company’s properties will be impacted by general retail market conditions, including the level of consumer spending and consumer confidence, changing perceptions of retailers or shoppers regarding the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the shopping centers, and increasing competition from online retail websites and catalog companies. In addition, the retail business is highly competitive and the Company’s tenants may fail to differentiate their shopping experiences, create an attractive value proposition or execute their business strategies. Furthermore, the Company believes that the increase in digital and mobile technology usage has increased the speed of the transition from shopping at physical locations to web-based purchases and that its tenants may be negatively affected by these changing consumer spending habits. These conditions could adversely affect the 15 financial condition of the Company’s retail tenants and the willingness and ability of retailers to lease space, or renew existing leases, in the Company’s shopping centers and to honor their obligations under existing leases, and in turn, materially and adversely affect the Company. The Company’s growth depends on external sources of capital, which may not be available in the future. In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company is required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) to annually distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. Because of these distribution requirements, the Company may not be able to fund all future capital needs, including acquisitions, from income from operations. After the Company invests its cash on hand, it expects to depend primarily on the credit facility and other external financing (including debt and equity financings) to fund the growth of its business. The Company’s access to debt or equity financing depends on the willingness of third parties to lend or make equity investments and on conditions in the capital markets generally. As a result of changing economic conditions, the Company may be limited in its ability to obtain additional financing or to refinance existing debt maturities on favorable terms or at all and there can be no assurances as to when financing conditions will improve. The Company does not have a formal policy limiting the amount of debt it may incur and its board of directors may change its leverage policy without stockholder consent, which could result in a different risk profile. Although the Company’s charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of indebtedness the Company can incur, the Company’s policy is to employ prudent amounts of leverage and use debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of its assets and the diversification of its portfolio. The amount of leverage the Company will deploy for particular investments will depend upon its management team’s assessment of a variety of factors, which may include the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the assets in its portfolio, the potential for losses, the availability and cost of financing the assets, the Company’s opinion of the creditworthiness of its financing counterparties, the health of the U.S. economy and commercial mortgage markets, the Company’s outlook for the level, slope and volatility of interest rates, the credit quality of the tenants occupying space at the Company’s properties, and the need for the Company to comply with financial covenants contained in the Company’s credit agreements. The Company’s board of directors may change its leverage policies at any time without the consent of its stockholders, which could result in an investment portfolio with a different risk profile. The Company could be adversely affected if it or any of its subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Company conducts its operations so that neither it, nor the Operating Partnership nor any of the Company’s other subsidiaries, is required to register as investment companies under the 1940 Act. If the Company, the Operating Partnership or the Company’s other subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company but fail to do so, the unregistered entity would be prohibited from engaging in certain business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against such entity. In addition, the contracts of such entity would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of the entity and liquidate its business. Real estate investments’ value and income fluctuate due to conditions in the general economy and the real estate business, which may materially and adversely affect the Company’s ability to service its debt and expenses. The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general and local economy and the real estate business. These conditions may also limit the Company’s revenues and available cash. The rents the Company receives and the occupancy levels at its properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. If rental revenues and/or occupancy levels decline, the Company generally would expect to have less cash available to pay indebtedness and for distribution to its stockholders. In addition, some of the Company’s major expenses, including mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, generally do not decline when the related rents decline. The lack of liquidity of the Company’s assets could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders, and could materially and adversely affect the Company’s ability to value and sell its assets. Real estate investments are relatively difficult to buy and sell quickly. As a result, the Company expects many of its investments will be illiquid and if it is required to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio quickly, it may realize significantly less than the value at which it had previously recorded its investments. 16 The Company depends on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants, some of whom may not be able to pay. The Company’s financial results depend significantly on leasing space in its properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition, as a substantial majority of the Company’s revenue comes from renting real property, the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders could be materially and adversely affected if a significant number of its tenants cannot pay their rent or if the Company is not able to maintain occupancy levels on favorable terms. If a tenant does not pay its rent, the Company may not be able to enforce its rights as landlord without delays and may incur substantial legal costs. Some of the Company’s properties depend on anchor stores or major tenants to attract shoppers and could be materially and adversely affected by the loss of or a store closure by one or more of these tenants. The Company’s shopping centers are primarily anchored by national and regional supermarkets and drug stores. The value of the retail properties the Company acquires could be materially and adversely affected if these tenants fail to comply with their contractual obligations, seek concessions in order to continue operations or cease their operations. Adverse economic or other conditions may result in the closure of existing stores by tenants which may result in increased vacancies at the Company’s properties. Any periods of significant vacancies for the Company’s properties could materially and adversely impact the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Loss of revenues from major tenants could reduce the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company derives significant revenues from anchor tenants such as Albertsons / Safeway Supermarkets, Kroger Supermarkets and Save Mart Supermarkets. As of December 31, 2023, these tenants are the Company’s three largest tenants and accounted for 5.6%, 3.3% and 1.5%, respectively, of its annualized base rent on a pro-rata basis. In October 2022, Albertsons Companies, Inc., the owner of the Albertsons / Safeway brands, and The Kroger Company announced an intention to merge that is currently undergoing regulatory review. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is unable to assess the impact that the proposed merger might have on the Company’s financial condition or operations. Further, in October 2023, Rite Aid filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As of December 31, 2023, Rite Aid accounted for 1.4% of the Company’s annualized base rent on a pro-rata basis, and accordingly, the Company does not expect its bankruptcy to have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or operations. The Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders could be materially and adversely affected by the loss of revenues in the event a major tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, experiences a downturn in its business, materially defaults on its leases, does not renew its leases as they expire, or renews at lower rental rates. The Company’s inability to receive reimbursements of Common Area Maintenance (“CAM”) costs from tenants could adversely affect the Company’s cash flow. CAM costs typically include allocable energy costs, repairs, maintenance and capital improvements to common areas, janitorial services, administrative, property and liability insurance costs and security costs. The Company may acquire properties with leases with variable CAM provisions that adjust to reflect inflationary increases or leases with a fixed CAM payment methodology which fixes its tenants’ CAM contributions. With respect to both variable and fixed payment methodologies, the amount of reimbursements for CAM costs that the Company is entitled to receive from its tenants pursuant to the terms of the respective lease agreements may be less than the actual CAM costs at the Company’s properties. The Company’s inability to recover or pass on CAM costs to its tenants, whether due to the terms of the Company’s leases or vacancies at the Company’s properties, could adversely affect the Company’s cash flow. The Company may incur costs to comply with environmental laws. The Company’s operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties 17 because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may impair the Company’s ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls and underground storage tanks are also regulated by federal and state laws. The Company is also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. The Company could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or tanks or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from its properties. Identification of compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, discovery of additional sites, human exposure to the contamination or changes in cleanup or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to the Company. Moreover, compliance with new laws or regulations such as those related to climate change, including compliance with “green” building codes, or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations of existing laws may require material expenditures by the Company. The Company faces risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of its information technology (“IT”) networks and related systems. The Company faces risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside the Company or persons with access to systems inside the Company, and other significant disruptions of the Company’s IT networks and related systems, including due to defects in design, equipment or system failures, human error and natural disasters. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. The Company’s IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of its business and its ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing its building systems). There can be no assurance that the Company’s efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving the Company’s IT networks and related systems could materially and adversely impact the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. These risks require continuous and likely increasing attention and other resources from the Company to, among other actions, identify and quantify these risks, upgrade and expand the Company’s technologies, systems and processes to adequately address them and provide periodic training for the Company’s employees to assist them in detecting phishing, malware and other schemes. Such attention diverts time and other resources from other activities and there is no assurance that the Company’s efforts will be effective. Additionally, the Company relies on third-party service providers for certain aspects of the Company’s business. The Company can provide no assurance that the networks and systems that the Company’s third-party vendors have established or use will be effective. As the Company’s reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to the Company’s information systems, both internal and those provided by the Company and third-party service providers. In the normal course of business, the Company and its service providers collect and retain certain personal information provided by employees, tenants and vendors. The Company also relies extensively on computer systems to process transactions and manage its business. The Company can provide no assurance that the data security measures designed to protect confidential information on the Company’s systems established by the Company and the Company’s service providers will be able to prevent unauthorized access to this personal information or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. The Company’s business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures. Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for the Company’s internal IT systems, its systems are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or 18 accident that causes interruptions in the Company’s operations could result in a material disruption to its business. The Company may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions. A prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real estate values could impair the Company’s assets and have a material and adverse effect on its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company believes the risks associated with its business will be more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession if these periods are accompanied by declining real estate values. Declines in real estate values, among other factors, could result in a determination that the Company’s assets have been impaired. If the Company determines that an impairment has occurred, the Company would be required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the asset which could have an adverse effect on its results of operations in the period in which the impairment charge is recorded. Although the Company will take current economic conditions into account in acquiring its assets, the Company’s long-term success, and the value of its assets, depends in part on general economic conditions and other factors beyond the Company’s control. If the national economy or the local economies in which the Company operates experience uncertainty, or if general economic conditions were to worsen, the value of the Company’s properties could decline, and the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders, could be materially and adversely affected. Loss of key personnel could harm the Company’s operations. The Company is dependent on the efforts of certain key personnel of its senior management team. While the Company has employment contracts with each of Messrs. Tanz, Haines and Schoebel, the loss of the services of any of these individuals could harm the Company’s operations and have a material and adverse effect on its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Under their employment agreements, certain members of the Company’s senior management team will have certain rights to terminate their employment and receive severance in connection with a change in control of the Company. The Company’s employment agreements with each of Messrs. Tanz, Haines and Schoebel, which provide that, upon termination of his employment (i) by the applicable officer within 12 months following the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the employment agreement), (ii) by the Company without cause (as defined in the employment agreement), (iii) by the applicable officer for good reason (as defined in the employment agreement), (iv) by non-renewal of the applicable officer’s employment agreement or (v) by reason of the applicable officer’s death or disability (as defined in the employment agreement), such executive officers would be entitled to certain termination or severance payments made by the Company (which may include a lump sum payment equal to defined percentages of annual salary and prior years’ average bonuses, paid in accordance with the terms and conditions of the respective agreement). In addition, the vesting of all his outstanding unvested equity-based incentives and awards would accelerate. These provisions make it costly to terminate their employment and could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control of the Company that might involve a premium paid for shares of its common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of its stockholders. Joint venture investments could be materially and adversely affected by the Company’s lack of sole decision-making authority or reliance on a joint venture partner’s financial condition. The Company may enter into joint venture arrangements in the future. Investments in joint ventures involve risks that are not otherwise present with properties which the Company owns entirely. In a joint venture investment, the Company may not have exclusive control or sole decision-making authority over the development, financing, leasing, management and other aspects of these investments. As a result, the joint venture partner might have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with the Company’s goals or interests, take action contrary to the Company’s interests or otherwise impede the Company’s objectives. Joint venture investments involve risks and uncertainties, including the risk of the joint venture partner failing to provide capital and fulfill its obligations, which may result in certain liabilities to the Company for guarantees and other commitments, the risk of conflicts arising between the Company and its partners and the difficulty of managing and resolving such conflicts, and the difficulty of managing or otherwise monitoring such business arrangements. The joint venture partner also might become insolvent or bankrupt, which may result in significant losses to the Company. Further, although the Company may own a controlling interest in a joint venture and may have authority over major decisions such as the sale or refinancing of investment properties, the Company may have fiduciary duties to the joint venture partners or the joint venture itself that may cause, or require, it to take or refrain from taking actions that it would otherwise take if it owned the investment 19 properties outright. In addition, in the case of mixed-use redevelopment with a joint venture partner, the Company might be exposed to risks associated with developing, owning, operating or selling non-retail real estate, with which the Company has less experience than with the risks associated with retail real estate. Uninsured losses or a loss in excess of insured limits could materially and adversely affect the Company. The Company carries comprehensive general liability, fire, extended coverage, loss of rent insurance, and environmental liability where applicable on its properties, with policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties. There are certain types of losses, such as losses resulting from wars or acts of God that generally are not insured because they are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, the Company could lose capital invested in a property, as well as the anticipated future revenues from a property, while remaining obligated for any mortgage indebtedness, or other financial obligations or liabilities related to the property. Any loss of these types could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company could be materially and adversely affected by poor market conditions where its properties are geographically concentrated. The Company’s performance depends on the economic conditions in markets in which its properties are concentrated. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s properties in California, Washington and Oregon accounted for 65%, 22% and 13%, respectively, of its consolidated property operating income. The Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders could be materially and adversely affected by this geographic concentration if market conditions, such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in an area, deteriorate in California, Washington or Oregon. Moreover, due to the geographic concentration of its properties, the Company may be disproportionately affected by general risks such as natural disasters, including major fires, floods and earthquakes, severe or inclement weather, pandemics and other public health crises, local regulatory requirements, and acts of terrorism should such developments occur in or near the markets in California, Washington or Oregon in which the Company’s properties are located. Should the Company decide at some point in the future to expand into new markets, it may not be successful, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. The Company’s properties are concentrated in California, Washington and Oregon. If the opportunity arises, the Company may explore acquisitions of properties in new markets inside or outside of these states. Each of the risks applicable to the Company’s ability to successfully acquire, integrate and operate properties in its current markets may also apply to its ability to successfully acquire, integrate and operate properties in new markets. In addition to these risks, the Company’s management team may not possess the same level of knowledge with respect to market dynamics and conditions of any new market in which the Company may attempt to expand, which could materially and adversely affect its ability to operate in any such markets. The Company may be unable to obtain the desired returns on its investments in these new markets, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. 20 The Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition have been and may in the future be adversely impacted by a pandemic or a public health crisis. The Company derives substantially all of its revenues from rents and reimbursement payments received from tenants under lease agreements at the Company’s properties and, accordingly, the Company’s business is dependent on the ability of tenants to meet their obligations to the Company under such lease agreements. The businesses of the Company’s tenants have been in the past and may be in the future significantly impacted following the onset of a pandemic or public health crises due to numerous factors, including preventive measures taken by local, state and federal authorities to alleviate the public health crisis. The onset of a pandemic or public health crisis, could have material and adverse effects on the Company’s business, income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects and ability to service the Company’s debt obligations and the Company’s ability to pay dividends and other distributions to the Company’s stockholders due to, among other factors: • • • • • • • • • • the operations of the Company’s tenants could again be impacted by measures taken to prevent or alleviate a pandemic or a public health crisis and other factors, which could (i) adversely affect the ability of tenants to meet their obligations to the Company under lease agreements or result in tenant bankruptcies, and (ii) adversely affect the Company’s ability to collect rents, lease space and negotiate and maintain favorable rents, which could lead to a decline in occupancy and rental revenues; a deterioration in consumer sentiment, changes in consumer behavior in favor of e-commerce, or negative public perception of public health risks, which could result in decreased foot traffic to the Company’s properties and tenant businesses for an extended period of time, could negatively impact the Company’s tenants’ businesses and affect the ability of tenants to meet their obligations to the Company under lease agreements; difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may affect the Company’s access to capital necessary to fund business operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis and the Company’s tenants’ abilities to fund their business operations and meet their obligations to the Company; the financial impacts could negatively impact the Company’s ability to pay dividends to the Company’s stockholders; the financial impacts could negatively impact the Company’s future compliance with financial covenants of the Company’s credit facility and other debt agreements and could result in a default and potentially an acceleration of indebtedness, which non-compliance could also negatively impact the Company’s ability to make additional borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility or otherwise pay dividends to the Company’s stockholders; the worsening of estimated future cash flows due to a change in the Company’s plans, policies, or views of market and economic conditions as it relates to one or more of the Company’s adversely impacted properties could result in the recognition of substantial impairment charges imposed on the Company’s assets; the credit quality of the Company’s tenants could be negatively impacted and the Company may significantly increase the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts; a general decline in business activity and demand for real estate transactions could adversely affect the Company’s ability or desire to grow the Company’s portfolio of properties, or to sell properties as part of the Company’s capital recycling strategy; difficulties completing the Company’s densification projects on a timely basis, on budget or at all; and the potential negative impact on the health of the Company’s personnel, particularly if a significant number of them are impacted. The extent to which a future pandemic or public health crisis could impact the Company’s operations and those of the Company’s tenants will depend on future developments, including the scope, severity and duration of such crisis, the actions taken to contain or mitigate its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the crisis and any containment measures, among others, which could have a material impact on the Company’s revenues and could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, many risk factors set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be interpreted as heightened risks as a result of a pandemic or public health crisis. 21 Risks Related to Financing The Company’s term loan, credit facility and unsecured senior notes contain restrictive covenants relating to its operations, which could limit the Company’s ability to respond to changing market conditions and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s term loan, credit facility and unsecured senior notes contain restrictive covenants. These or other limitations, including those that may apply to future Company borrowings, may materially and adversely affect the Company’s flexibility and its ability to achieve its operating plans and could result in the Company being limited in the amount of dividends and distributions it would be permitted to pay to its stockholders. In addition, failure to comply with these covenants could cause a default under the applicable debt instrument, and the Company may then be required to repay such debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to the Company, or may be available only on unattractive terms. Certain of the Company’s mortgage financing arrangements and other indebtedness contain provisions that could limit the Company’s operating flexibility. The Company’s existing mortgage financing contains, and future mortgage financing may contain, customary covenants and provisions that limit the Company’s ability to pre-pay such mortgages before their scheduled maturity date or to transfer the underlying asset. Additionally, the Company’s ability to satisfy prospective mortgage lenders’ insurance requirements may be materially and adversely affected if lenders generally insist upon greater insurance coverage against certain risks than is available to the Company in the marketplace or on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, because a mortgage is secured by a lien on the underlying real property, mortgage defaults subject the Company to the risk of losing the property through foreclosure. The Company’s access to financing may be limited and thus its ability to potentially enhance its returns may be materially and adversely affected. The Company intends, when appropriate, to employ prudent amounts of leverage and use debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of its assets and the diversification of its portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s outstanding principal mortgage indebtedness was approximately $60.0 million, and the Company may incur significant additional debt to finance future acquisition and development activities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $75.0 million and $200.0 million outstanding under the Company’s $600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility and $300.0 million term loan, respectively. In addition, the Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2023 (the “Senior Notes Due 2028”), $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in December 2017 (the “Senior Notes Due 2027”), $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2016 (the “Senior Notes Due 2026”), and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in December 2014 (the “Senior Notes Due 2024” and collectively with the Senior Notes Due 2026, the Senior Notes Due 2027 and the Senior Notes Due 2028, the “Senior Notes”), each of which were fully and unconditionally guaranteed by ROIC. The Company’s access to financing will depend upon a number of factors, over which it has little or no control, including: • • • • • • general market conditions; the market’s view of the quality of the Company’s assets; the market’s perception of the Company’s growth potential; the Company’s eligibility to participate in and access capital from programs established by the U.S. government; the Company’s current and potential future earnings and cash distributions; and the market price of the shares of the Company’s common stock. 22 Any reduction in available financing may materially and adversely affect the Company’s ability to achieve its financial objectives. Concern about the stability of the markets generally could adversely affect one or more private lenders and could cause one or more private lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide the Company with financing or to increase the costs of that financing. In addition, if regulatory capital requirements imposed on the Company’s private lenders change, they may be required to limit or increase the cost of financing they provide to the Company. In general, this could potentially increase the Company’s financing costs and reduce its liquidity or require it to sell assets at an inopportune time or price. During times when interest rates on mortgage loans are high or financing is otherwise unavailable on a timely basis, the Company may purchase certain properties for cash or equity securities, including OP Units, or a combination thereof. Consequently, depending on market conditions at the relevant time, the Company may have to rely more heavily on additional equity issuances, which may be dilutive to its stockholders, or on less efficient forms of debt financing that require a larger portion of its cash flow from operations, thereby reducing funds available for its operations, future business opportunities, cash distributions to its stockholders and other purposes. The Company cannot assure you that it will have access to such equity or debt capital on favorable terms (including, without limitation, cost and term) at the desired times, or at all, which may cause it to curtail its asset acquisition activities and/or dispose of assets, which could materially and adversely affect its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of the Company’s debt payments and materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Interest the Company pays could reduce cash available for distributions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $75.0 million and $200.0 million outstanding under the Company’s $600.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility and $300.0 million term loan, respectively, that bear interest at a variable rate. In addition, the Company may incur variable rate debt in the future, including mortgage debt, borrowings under the credit facility or new credit facilities or under the term loan or new term loans. The Federal Reserve Board of Governors increased the federal funds rate several times during 2022 and 2023 and has announced its intention to determine what future adjustments are appropriate, including as a result of concerns over inflation, but such changes in fiscal and monetary policies are beyond the Company’s control and are difficult to predict. Increases in interest rates would increase the Company’s interest costs, which could adversely affect the Company’s cash flow, results of operations, ability to pay principal and interest on debt and pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders, and reduce the Company’s access to capital markets. In addition, if the Company needs to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, it may be required to incur additional indebtedness at higher rates. From time to time, the Company may enter into interest rate swap agreements and other interest rate hedging contracts with the intention of lessening the impact of rising interest rates. However, increased interest rates may increase the risk that the counterparties to such agreements may not be able to fulfill their obligations under these agreements, and there can be no assurance that these arrangements will be effective in reducing the Company’s exposure to interest rate changes. These risks could materially and adversely affect the Company’s cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The Company’s use of interest rate hedging arrangements to manage risk associated with interest rate volatility may expose the Company to additional risks, including a risk that a counterparty to a hedging arrangement may fail to honor its obligations or that the Company could be required to fund the Company’s contractual payment obligations under such arrangements in relatively large amounts or on short notice. Developing an effective interest rate risk strategy is complex and no strategy can completely insulate the Company from risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. There can be no assurance that the Company’s hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Financing arrangements that the Company may use to finance its assets may require it to provide additional collateral or pay down debt. The Company, when appropriate, uses traditional forms of financing including secured debt. In the event the Company utilizes such financing arrangements, they would involve the risk that the market value of its assets which are secured may decline in value, in which case the lender may, in connection with a refinancing, require it to provide additional collateral, provide additional equity, or to repay all or a portion of the funds advanced. The Company may not have the funds available to repay its debt or provide additional equity at that time, which would likely result in defaults unless it is able to raise the funds from alternative sources, which it may not be able to achieve on favorable terms or at all. Providing additional collateral or equity would reduce the Company’s liquidity and limit its ability to leverage its assets. If the Company cannot meet these requirements, the lender could accelerate the Company’s indebtedness, increase the interest rate on advanced funds and terminate its ability to borrow funds from them, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. The providers of secured debt may also require 23 the Company to maintain a certain amount of cash or set aside assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position. As a result, the Company may not be able to leverage its assets as fully as it would choose which could reduce its return on assets. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to utilize such arrangements on favorable terms, or at all. A downgrade in the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s credit ratings could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition. The credit ratings assigned to the Company’s obligations or to the debt securities of the Operating Partnership could change based upon, among other things, the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s results of operations and financial condition. These ratings are subject to ongoing evaluation by credit rating agencies, and there can be no assurance that any rating will not be changed or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances warrant. Moreover, these credit ratings do not apply to the Company’s common stock and are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any other securities. If any of the credit rating agencies that have rated the obligations of the Company or the debt securities of the Operating Partnership downgrades or lowers its credit ratings, or if any credit rating agency indicates that it has placed any such rating on a so-called “watch list” for a possible downgrading or lowering or otherwise indicates that its outlook for that rating is negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s costs and availability of capital, which could in turn materially and adversely impact the Company’s income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to its stockholders. Risks Related to the Company’s Organization and Structure The Company depends on dividends and distributions from its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The creditors of these subsidiaries are entitled to amounts payable to them by the subsidiaries before the subsidiaries may pay any dividends or distributions to the Company. Substantially all of the Company’s assets are held through the Operating Partnership, which holds substantially all of the Company’s properties and assets through subsidiaries. The Operating Partnership’s cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to it by its subsidiaries, and in turn, substantially all of the Company’s cash flow is dependent on cash distributions to it by the Operating Partnership. The creditors of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries are entitled to payment of that subsidiary’s obligations to them, when due and payable, before distributions may be made by that subsidiary to its common equity holders. Thus, the Operating Partnership’s ability to make distributions to the Company and therefore the Company’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders will depend on its subsidiaries’ ability first to satisfy their obligations to creditors and then to make distributions to the Operating Partnership. In addition, the Company’s participation in any distribution of the assets of any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries upon the liquidation, reorganization or insolvency, is only after the claims of the creditors, including the holders of the unsecured senior notes and trade creditors, are satisfied. Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of the Company. Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of the Company that might involve a premium price for holders of the Company’s common stock or otherwise be in their best interests, including: • • “business combination” provisions that, subject to certain limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between the Company and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the Company’s shares or an affiliate thereof) for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter impose special minimum price provisions and special stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and “control share” provisions that provide that “control shares” of the Company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the Company’s stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. 24 However, the provisions of the MGCL relating to business combinations do not apply to business combinations that are approved or exempted by the Company’s board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. In addition, the Company’s bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of the Company’s common stock. There can be no assurance that such exemption will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. Additionally, Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL permits the Company’s board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in the Company’s charter or bylaws, to take certain actions that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control of the Company that might involve a premium to the market price of its common stock or otherwise be in the stockholders’ best interests. These provisions of the MGCL permit the Company, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to adopt: • • • • • a classified board; a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the board of directors; a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors in office and (if the board is classified) for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and a majority requirement for the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders. The authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock and the ownership limitations contained in the Company’s charter may prevent a change in control. The Company’s charter authorizes the Company to issue authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock. In addition, the Company’s charter provides that the Company’s board of directors has the power, without stockholder approval, to authorize the Company to issue any authorized but unissued shares of stock, to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or previously-classified shares of preferred stock into other classes or series of stock. As a result, the Company’s board of directors may establish a series of shares of preferred stock or use such preferred stock to create a stockholder’s rights plan or so-called “poison pill” that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for shares of the Company’s common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders. In addition, the Company’s charter contains restrictions limiting the ownership and transfer of shares of the Company’s common stock and other outstanding shares of capital stock. The relevant sections of the Company’s charter provide that, subject to certain exceptions, ownership of shares of the Company’s common stock by any person is limited to 9.8% by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of common stock (the common share ownership limit), and no more than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding capital stock (the aggregate share ownership limit). The common share ownership limit and the aggregate share ownership limit are collectively referred to herein as the “ownership limits.” These provisions will restrict the ability of persons to purchase shares in excess of the relevant ownership limits. The Company’s board of directors has established exemptions from this ownership limit which permit certain institutional investors to hold additional shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s board of directors may in the future, in its sole discretion, establish additional exemptions from this ownership limit. The Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT would subject it to U.S. federal income tax and potentially increased state and local taxes, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to its stockholders. The Company intends to operate in a manner that will enable it to continue to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company has not requested and does not intend to request a ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service that it will continue to qualify as a REIT. The U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs are complex. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable U.S. Treasury Department regulations that have been promulgated under the Code (“Treasury Regulations”) is greater in the case of a REIT that holds assets through a partnership, such as the Company, and judicial and administrative interpretations of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REIT qualification are limited. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet, on an ongoing basis, various tests regarding the nature of its assets and its income, the ownership of its outstanding shares, and the amount of its distributions. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for the 25 Company to qualify as a REIT. Thus, while the Company believes that it has operated and intends to continue to operate so that it will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in the Company’s circumstances, no assurance can be given that it has qualified or will continue to so qualify for any particular year. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it would be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income, and distributions to its stockholders would not be deductible by it in determining its taxable income. In such a case, the Company might need to borrow money or sell assets in order to pay its taxes. The Company’s payment of income tax would decrease the amount of its income available for distribution to its stockholders. Furthermore, if the Company fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT, it would no longer be required to distribute substantially all of its net taxable income to its stockholders. In addition, unless the Company were eligible for certain statutory relief provisions, it would not be eligible to re-elect to qualify as a REIT for four taxable years following the year in which it failed to qualify as a REIT. Failure to make required distributions would subject the Company to tax, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to its stockholders. In order to qualify as a REIT, the Company must distribute to its stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that the Company satisfies the 90% distribution requirement, but distributes less than 100% of its taxable income, it is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its undistributed income. In addition, the Company will incur a 4% non-deductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which its distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. The Company intends to distribute its net income to its stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid the 4% non-deductible excise tax. The Company’s taxable income may exceed its net income as determined by the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) because, for example, realized capital losses will be deducted in determining its GAAP net income, but may not be deductible in computing its taxable income. In addition, the Company may invest in assets that generate taxable income in excess of economic income or in advance of the corresponding cash flow from the assets. For example, the Company may be required to accrue interest or other income on debt securities before it receives payments on such assets, and under certain circumstances the Company could also be required to accrue income on leases in advance of receiving cash payments under the terms of such leases. As a result of the foregoing, the Company may generate less cash flow than taxable income in a particular year. To the extent that the Company generates such non-cash taxable income in a taxable year, it may incur corporate income tax and the 4% non-deductible excise tax on that income if it does not distribute such income to stockholders in that year. In that event, the Company may be required to use cash reserves, incur debt or liquidate assets at rates or times that it regards as unfavorable or make a taxable distribution of its shares in order to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal corporate income tax and the 4% non-deductible excise tax in that year. In order to qualify as a REIT, prior to the end of each taxable year, the Company is required to distribute any earnings and profits of any corporation acquired by the Company in certain tax-deferred transactions to the extent that such earnings accrued at a time when such corporation did not qualify as a REIT. The Company has entered into certain transactions involving the tax-deferred acquisition of target corporations. The Company believes that it did not inherit any earnings and profits of such target corporations attributable to any period that such corporations did not qualify as a REIT. However, no assurance can be provided in this regard, and if the Company were determined to have inherited and retained any such earnings and profits, the Company’s qualification as a REIT could be adversely impacted. To maintain its REIT qualification, the Company may be forced to borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. In order to qualify as a REIT and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, the Company may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis, or possibly on a long-term basis, to meet the REIT distribution requirements even if the then prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. These borrowing needs could result from, among other things, a difference in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt amortization payments. 26 The U.S. federal income tax treatment regarding cash settlement of a forward sale agreement is unclear and could jeopardize the Company’s ability to meet the REIT qualification requirements. In the event that the Company elects to settle any forward sale agreement with respect to the Company’s at-the-market offering described above under “Business—Financing Activities—ATM Equity Offering” for cash and the settlement price is different than the applicable forward sale price, the Company will either receive a cash payment from or make a cash payment to the relevant Forward Purchaser. Under Section 1032 of the Code, generally, no gain or loss is recognized by a corporation in dealing in its own stock, including pursuant to a “securities futures contract.” Although the Company believes that any amount received by the Company in exchange for its common stock would qualify for the exemption under Section 1032 of the Code, it is unclear whether a cash settlement of such forward sale agreement would also qualify for such exemption. In the event that the Company recognizes a significant gain from the cash settlement of a forward sale agreement, the Company might not be able to satisfy the gross income requirements applicable to REITs under the Code. In the event that the Company is required to make a significant payment in cash to settle a forward sale agreement, the Company might not be able to satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code, absent additional debt or equity financing. A cash settlement election could result in the Company’s failure to satisfy the REIT income tests or distribution requirements. In that case, the Company may be able to rely upon the relief provisions under the Code in order to avoid the loss of the Company’s REIT status. In the event that these relief provisions were not available, the Company could lose its REIT status under the Code. Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT, it may be required to pay certain taxes. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on its income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, taxes on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure and state or local income, franchise, property and transfer taxes, including mortgage recording taxes. In addition, the Company may hold some of its assets through taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) corporations. Any TRSs or other taxable corporations in which the Company owns an interest will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate taxes. Furthermore, the Company has entered into certain transactions in which the Company has acquired target entities in tax-deferred transactions. To the extent that such entities had outstanding U.S. federal income tax or other tax liabilities, the Company would succeed to such liabilities. Payment of these taxes generally would decrease the cash available for distribution to the Company’s stockholders. Legislative, regulatory or administrative changes could adversely affect the Company. The U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations governing REITs and their stockholders, as well as the administrative interpretations of those laws and regulations, are constantly under review and may be changed at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form, the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to the Company and its stockholders may be enacted. Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations of U.S. federal tax laws could adversely affect an investment in the Company’s common stock. In certain circumstances, the Company may be liable for certain tax obligations of certain limited partners. In certain circumstances, the Company may be liable for certain tax obligations of certain limited partners. The Company has entered into tax protection agreements under which it has agreed to minimize the tax consequences to certain limited partners resulting from the sale or other disposition of certain of the Company’s assets. The obligation to indemnify such limited partners against adverse tax consequences is expected to continue until 2027. The Company may enter into additional tax protection agreements in the future, which could extend the period of time during which the Company may be liable for tax obligations of certain limited partners. During the period of these obligations, the Company’s flexibility to dispose of the related assets will be limited. In addition, the amount of any indemnification obligations may be significant. 27 The Company cannot provide assurance of its ability to pay distributions in the future. The Company intends to pay quarterly distributions and to make distributions to its stockholders in an amount such that it distributes all or substantially all of its REIT taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. The Company’s ability to pay distributions may be materially and adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All distributions will be made, subject to Maryland law (or Delaware law, in the case of distributions by the Operating Partnership), at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s earnings, its financial condition, any debt covenants, maintenance of its REIT qualification and other factors as its board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. The Company believes that a change in any one of the following factors could materially and adversely affect its income, cash flow, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, the ability to service its debt obligations, the market price of its common stock and its ability to pay distributions to its stockholders: • • • • • the profitability of the assets acquired; the Company’s ability to make profitable acquisitions; unforeseen expenses that reduce the Company’s cash flow; defaults in the Company’s asset portfolio or decreases in the value of its portfolio; and the fact that anticipated operating expense levels may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates. The Company cannot provide assurance that it will achieve results that will allow it to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions in the future. In addition, some of the Company’s distributions may include a return of capital. The Company is subject to certain state laws and exchange requirements relating to the composition of its board of directors, including recently enacted diversity and gender quotas. California has enacted laws requiring public companies headquartered in California to maintain minimum female representation and to maintain minimum representation from underrepresented communities on their boards of directors. In addition, Nasdaq has enacted certain requirements concerning diversity on boards of directors. The Company is in compliance with all such requirements. However, there can be no assurance that the composition of the Company’s board will not change in the future or that the Company will be able to recruit, attract and/or retain qualified members of the board and meet such requirements in the future, which may cause certain investors to divert their holdings in the Company’s stock and expose it to penalties and/or reputational harm. California state court mandated injunctions against the implementation and enforcement of the California laws are currently in place pending further litigation and the Nasdaq requirements are also being challenged in federal court. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 1C. Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Management of cybersecurity risks is a component of the Company’s overall risk management strategy. The Company relies on information technology, communication networks, enterprise applications, accounting and financial platforms, and related systems in the operation of its business. The Company’s operations also rely on the secure collection, storage, transmission and processing of proprietary, confidential and sensitive data. The Company’s cybersecurity risk management strategy is designed to support the Company in identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to, and recovering from cybersecurity threats and incidents with the intention of protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of such systems and data. The Company’s cybersecurity program is managed by a dedicated Director of Information Technology. The Company’s Director of IT has more than 25 years of experience in the design and implementation of IT infrastructure, including cybersecurity features, and holds a variety of relevant certifications. The Company has also engaged a third-party IT expert to assist the Company’s in-house IT function in managing cybersecurity risks and evaluating, monitoring and testing the Company’s cybersecurity program. 28 The Company has implemented and maintains various information security processes designed to identify, assess and manage risks from cybersecurity threats to its computer networks, communication systems, hardware and software and its critical data and confidential information. These include conducting scans of the threat environment and conducting vulnerability assessments. The Company has also implemented and maintains various technical and physical measures to mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats including incident detection and response, disaster recovery and business continuity plans, internal controls within the Company’s accounting and financial reporting functions, data encryption, network security and access controls, including multi-factor authentication, as well as physical security. The Company also conducts cybersecurity awareness training annually for employees and provides cybersecurity updates during regularly scheduled meetings, that occur at a minimum monthly, throughout the year. These updates are designed to educate employees and to raise awareness of cybersecurity threats to reduce vulnerability as well as to encourage consideration of cybersecurity risks across all Company functions. Given the ever-changing cyber risk landscape the Company continues to evolve its oversight process. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company conducted an assessment in accordance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework and is in the process of implementing additional policies and procedures to further enhance the Company’s cybersecurity practices. The Company conducts annual reviews of third-party hosted applications where sensitive Company data is shared. The owners of such applications are required to document user access reviews at least annually and provide the Company with a System and Organization Controls (SOC) 1 report. The Company’s assessment of risks associated with the use of third-party providers is part of its overall cybersecurity risk management strategy. The Company is not aware of any risks from cybersecurity threats, including any cybersecurity incidents, which have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including its business, results of operations or financial condition. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors in this annual report on Form 10-K, specifically “The Company faces risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of its information technology (“IT”) networks and related systems,” for additional discussion about cybersecurity-related risks. Governance The Company’s board of directors has overall responsibility for the Company’s strategy and risk management, including material risks related to cybersecurity threats. The audit committee provides oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity, information security and technology risk exposures, including the steps management has taken to identify, assess, monitor and control cybersecurity risks. The day-to-day management of the Company’s cybersecurity program is led by a dedicated Director of IT. The Director of IT provides regular updates to the Company’s senior management team through briefings on cybersecurity matters, including potential cybersecurity threats and incidents. This ensures that the highest levels of management are made aware of potential cybersecurity threats and any material cybersecurity matters are promptly escalated to the audit committee and Company’s board of directors if necessary. The Director of IT and senior management team provide quarterly reports, or more frequently as necessary, to the audit committee. These reports include updates on the Company’s cybersecurity strategy, the status of projects to strengthen the Company’s cybersecurity systems, and the emerging threat landscape. The audit committee reports to the Company’s board of directors quarterly, or more frequently as necessary, regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. Item 2. Properties The Company maintains its executive office at 11250 El Camino Real, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92130. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s portfolio consisted of 95 properties (94 retail and one office) totaling approximately 10.7 million square feet of gross leasable area. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s retail portfolio, excluding one shopping center that is currently planned for redevelopment and is no longer being managed as a retail asset, was approximately 97.7% leased. 29 The following table provides information regarding the Company’s retail portfolio as of December 31, 2023: Year Completed/ Renovated Year Acquired Gross Leasable Sq. Feet Number of Tenants % Leased Annual Base Rent (1) Principal Tenants Property Los Angeles metro area Paramount Plaza Claremont Promenade Gateway Village Seabridge Marketplace Glendora Shopping Center Redondo Beach Plaza Diamond Bar Town Center Diamond Hills Plaza Plaza de la Cañada Fallbrook Shopping Center Moorpark Town Center Ontario Plaza Park Oaks Shopping Center Warner Plaza Magnolia Shopping Center Casitas Plaza Shopping Center Bouquet Center 1966/2010 1982/2011 2003/2005 2006 1992/2012 1993/2004 1981 1973/2008 1968/2010 1966/1986/ 2003/2015 1984/2014 1999 1959/2005 1974/2017 1962/1972/ 1987/2016 1972/1982 1985 North Ranch Shopping Center The Knolls The Terraces Foothill Plaza 1977/1990 2000/2016 1958/1970/ 1989 1974 Seattle metro area Meridian Valley Plaza The Market at Lake Stevens 1978/2011 2000 Canyon Park Shopping Center 1980/2012 Hawks Prairie Shopping Center 1988/2012 Gateway Shopping Center Canyon Crossing 2007 2009 Crossroads Shopping Center Bellevue Marketplace 1962/2004/ 2015 1971/1982/ 2017 2010/2013 2015 Four Corner Square 1983/2015 Bridle Trails Shopping Center PCC Community Markets Plaza 1980/1984/ 1987 1981/2007 2015 2016 2017 2009 2010 2010 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2023 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2013 98.4 % 3,869 98.5 % $ 84.8 % 89.5 % 89.3 % 100.0 % 98.9 % 100.0 % 99.9 % Grocery Outlet Supermarket, 99¢ Only Stores, Rite Aid Pharmacy 1,983 2,139 Super King Supermarket 2,824 Sprouts Market 1,828 Safeway (Vons) Supermarket 1,552 Albertsons Supermarket 2,453 Safeway (Vons) Supermarket, Petco 2,513 Walmart Neighborhood Market, Crunch Fitness 4,281 H-Mart Supermarket, Planet Fitness 100.0 % 2,803 Gelson’s Supermarket, TJ Maxx, Rite Aid Pharmacy Sprouts Market, Trader Joes, Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket*, TJ Maxx 14,325 2,067 Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy 2,470 El Super Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy 2,793 Safeway (Vons) Supermarket, Dollar Tree 4,673 Sprouts Market, Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket*, Rite Aid Pharmacy* 2,589 Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket 2,009 Albertsons Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy Safeway (Vons) Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy, Ross Dress For Less Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, Trader Joe’s, Planet Fitness 4,905 1,453 Trader Joe’s, Pet Food Express 3,670 Trader Joe’s, Marshall’s, LA Fitness 1,523 Sprouts Market 921 Kroger (QFC) Supermarket 1,706 Albertsons (Haggen) Supermarket 2,693 2,053 PCC Community Market, Rite Aid Pharmacy, Petco Safeway Supermarket, Dollar Tree, Big Lots, Ace Hardware WinCo Foods*, Rite Aid Pharmacy, Ross Dress For Less 2,729 2,949 Safeway Supermarket Kroger (QFC) Supermarket, Dick’s Sporting Goods, Edgeworks Climbing 12,868 3,766 Asian Family Market 2,775 2,548 Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Walgreens, Johnsons Home & Garden Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Rite Aid (Bartell) Pharmacy, Dollar Tree 759 PCC Community Market 99.5 % 91.9 % 97.2 % 95.2 % 95.8 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 89.7 % 100.0 % 93.1 % 100.0 % 98.1 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.3 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 95,062 92,177 96,959 98,348 106,535 110,509 100,342 139,455 100,425 755,164 133,547 150,149 110,092 110,918 116,089 105,118 148,903 146,444 51,858 172,922 64,514 51,597 74,130 123,592 157,529 104,298 120,398 473,131 113,758 119,531 110,257 34,459 14 23 27 21 23 16 23 42 13 50 21 25 30 65 26 27 29 33 7 28 11 15 9 24 24 20 27 96 19 29 31 1 30 Property Highland Hill Shopping Center North Lynnwood Shopping Center Stadium Center Summerwalk Village South Point Plaza Olympia West Center Olympia Square North Thomas Lake Shopping Center Ballinger Village Portland metro area Happy Valley Town Center Wilsonville Old Town Square Cascade Summit Town Square Heritage Market Center Division Crossing Halsey Crossing Hillsboro Market Center Robinwood Shopping Center Tigard Marketplace Wilsonville Town Center Tigard Promenade Sunnyside Village Square Johnson Creek Center Rose City Center Division Center Riverstone Marketplace King City Plaza Powell Valley Junction Year Completed/ Renovated 1956/1989/ 2006 1963/1965/ 2003 1926/2016 2015 1986/2008 1980/1995 1988/2022 1998/2013 1960 2007 2011 2000 2000 1992 1992 2002 1980/2012 1988/2005 1991/1996 1996 1997 2003/2009 1993/2012 1987/2014 2004 1970/1980/ 1990 1992/2002 San Francisco metro area Pleasant Hill Marketplace 1980 Pinole Vista Shopping Center 1981/2012 Country Club Gate Center Marlin Cove Shopping Center The Village at Novato Santa Teresa Village Granada Shopping Center Country Club Village 1974/2012 1972/2001 2006 1979/2013 1962/1994 1995 Year Acquired Gross Leasable Sq. Feet Number of Tenants % Leased Annual Base Rent (1) Principal Tenants 2017 2017 2018 2019 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2010 2010/2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2016 2017 2017 2018 2022 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 163,926 63,606 48,888 61,545 189,960 69,212 89,884 111,311 112,228 138,397 49,780 94,934 107,468 103,561 99,428 156,021 70,831 136,889 167,829 88,043 92,278 108,588 60,680 123,072 95,774 62,676 108,639 69,715 141,093 109,331 73,943 20,081 131,263 71,525 111,093 20 10 7 11 23 6 10 11 24 38 19 26 20 19 19 23 16 19 39 16 14 15 3 24 24 18 10 3 29 34 25 3 38 16 22 31 100.0 % 92.9 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 89.3 % 91.5 % 100.0 % 84.1 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 73.5 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.0 % 99.2 % 100.0 % 3,112 WinCo Foods, LA Fitness, Dollar Tree, Petco 1,041 Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Dollar Tree 1,124 Thriftway Supermarket 989 Walmart Neighborhood Market Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Hobby Lobby, Pep Boys 2,276 1,435 Trader Joe’s, Petco 1,099 Albertsons Supermarket 1,709 Albertsons Supermarket 2,519 Thriftway Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy 4,181 New Seasons Market 2,023 Kroger (Fred Meyer) Supermarket* 2,112 Safeway Supermarket, U.S. Postal Service 1,898 Safeway Supermarket, Dollar Tree 1,120 Ross Dress For Less, Ace Hardware 1,511 24 Hour Fitness, Dollar Tree Albertsons Supermarket, Dollar Tree, Ace Hardware 2,753 1,185 Walmart Neighborhood Market 2,315 H-Mart Supermarket, Bi-Mart Safeway Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy, Dollar Tree 3,122 1,610 Safeway Supermarket, Petco Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Snap Fitness, Ace Hardware 1,698 2,379 Trader Joe’s, Walgreens, Sportsman's Warehouse 805 Safeway Supermarket Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy, Petco 2,285 2,425 Kroger (QFC) Supermarket 1,026 Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Anytime Fitness 1,176 Walmart Neighborhood Market, Planet Fitness 100.0 % 1,524 Total Wine and More, Basset Furniture 98.1 % 3,237 Save Mart (Lucky California) Supermarket, Planet Fitness Save Mart (Lucky California) Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy 2,411 2,561 99 Ranch Market 458 Trader Joe’s 3,397 Grocery Outlet Supermarket, Dollar Tree, MedVet 1,568 Save Mart (Lucky California) Supermarket 2,269 Walmart Neighborhood Market, CVS Pharmacy 98.7 % 95.9 % 78.3 % 97.9 % 100.0 % 97.9 % Property North Park Plaza Winston Manor Jackson Square Gateway Centre Iron Horse Plaza Monterey Center Santa Rosa Southside Shopping Center Monta Loma Plaza Canyon Creek Plaza Village Oaks Shopping Center Orange County metro area Santa Ana Downtown Plaza Sycamore Creek Desert Springs Marketplace Year Completed/ Renovated 1997 1977/1988/ 2011/2015 1972/1997 1996 1999 2007 1984 1973/2010 2000/2018 1984 1987/2010 2008 1994/2013 Cypress Center West 1970/1978/ 2014 Harbor Place Center 5 Points Plaza Peninsula Marketplace 1994 1962/2012/ 2015 2000 Fullerton Crossroads The Village at Nellie Gail Ranch 1977/1997/ 2011 1897/2015 San Diego metro area Marketplace Del Rio Renaissance Towne Centre Bay Plaza Bernardo Heights Plaza Hawthorne Crossings Creekside Plaza Palomar Village Total Retail Portfolio _______________ 1990/2004 1991/2011 1986/2013 1983/2006 1993/1999 1993/2005 1989/2019 Year Acquired Gross Leasable Sq. Feet Number of Tenants % Leased Annual Base Rent (1) Principal Tenants 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2017 2017 2021 2022 2010 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2017 2017 2011 2011 2012 2013 2013 2014 2021 76,697 49,852 114,220 112,553 61,915 25,626 88,606 48,078 64,662 79,875 105,536 74,198 113,718 112,080 123,836 161,170 95,416 219,899 89,041 183,787 52,866 73,324 37,729 141,288 133,914 125,130 18 15 18 23 10 9 10 12 25 18 30 18 20 30 11 38 15 26 25 45 31 27 5 20 27 28 100.0 % 2,851 H-Mart Supermarket 96.4 % 99.1 % 95.5 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 98.2 % 97.9 % 98.3 % 100.0 % 97.0 % 92.7 % 94.5 % 99.2 % 100.0 % 97.7 % 100.0 % 98.0 % 99.1 % 93.6 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.2 % 98.4 % 1,849 Grocery Outlet Supermarket 2,452 Safeway Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy, 24 Hour Fitness Save Mart (Lucky California) Supermarket, Dollar Tree 2,731 2,432 Lunardi’s Market 1,118 Trader Joe’s 1,874 REI, World Market, DSW 1,580 Safeway Supermarket 2,192 New Seasons Market 1,493 Save Mart (Lucky California) Supermarket 2,892 2,448 Kroger (Food 4 Less) Supermarket, Marshall’s 1,975 Safeway (Vons) Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy* Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, Rite Aid Pharmacy AA Supermarket, Ross Dress For Less, AutoZone Mega Hub 1,862 4,822 Trader Joe’s 2,580 Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, Planet Fitness 2,187 Kroger (Ralph’s) Supermarket, Kohl’s, Jo-Ann Fabrics and Crafts 3,529 3,174 Smart & Final Extra Supermarket Stater Brothers Supermarket, Walgreens, Planet 3,733 Fitness 2,800 CVS Pharmacy 2,134 Seafood City Supermarket 987 Sprouts Market Mitsuwa Supermarket, Ross Dress For Less, Staples 3,638 3,502 Stater Brothers Supermarket, AMC Theatres 2,149 Albertsons Supermarket, CVS Pharmacy 10,556,718 2,057 97.7 % $ 237,826 (1) Annual base rent (“ABR”) is equal to the annualized cash rent for all leases in place as of December 31, 2023 (including initial cash rent for new leases). * Retailer is not a tenant of the Company. 32 As illustrated by the following tables, the Company’s shopping centers are substantially diversified by both tenant mix and by the staggering of its major tenant lease expirations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, no single tenant comprised more than 5.6% of the total annual base rent of the Company’s portfolio. The following table sets forth a summary schedule of the Company’s ten largest tenants by percent of total annual base rent, as of December 31, 2023: Tenant Albertsons / Safeway Supermarkets Kroger Supermarkets Save Mart Supermarkets Trader Joe’s Rite Aid Pharmacy Sprouts Markets Grocery Outlet Supermarkets JP Morgan Chase H-Mart Supermarkets Ross Dress For Less Total ___________________ Number of Leases % of Total ABR (1) 21 11 5 9 12 5 10 20 3 6 102 5.6 % 3.3 % 1.5 % 1.4 % 1.4 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 19.4 % (1) ABR is equal to the annualized cash rent for all leases in place as of December 31, 2023 (including initial cash rent for new leases). The following table sets forth a summary schedule of the annual lease expirations for leases in place across the Company’s total retail portfolio at December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): Year of Expiration 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 Thereafter Total ___________________ Number of Leases Expiring (1) Leased Square Footage ABR (2) % of Total ABR 264 310 319 303 313 163 70 66 77 77 95 2,057 764,668 $ 1,302,980 1,437,841 1,117,767 1,661,508 1,036,151 611,843 511,751 493,347 507,053 859,900 10,304,809 $ 19,236 28,699 31,799 27,532 41,616 23,582 13,732 10,847 11,142 11,038 18,603 237,826 8.1 % 12.0 % 13.4 % 11.5 % 17.5 % 9.9 % 5.8 % 4.6 % 4.7 % 4.7 % 7.8 % 100.0 % (1) Assumes no tenants exercise renewal options or cancellation options. (2) ABR is equal to the annualized cash rent for all leases in place as of December 31, 2023 (including initial cash rent for new leases). 33 The following table sets forth a summary schedule of the annual lease expirations for leases in place with the Company’s retail anchor tenants at December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Anchor tenants are tenants with leases occupying at least 15,000 square feet or more. Year of Expiration 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 Thereafter Total ____________________ Number of Leases Expiring (1) Leased Square Footage ABR (2) % of Total ABR 7 22 23 13 30 19 12 11 8 9 15 169 280,724 $ 707,944 765,259 433,197 1,003,754 643,471 435,628 335,269 266,426 279,734 589,340 5,740,746 $ 3,293 9,595 10,148 5,137 18,850 11,221 7,622 5,207 3,975 3,933 9,569 88,550 1.4 % 4.0 % 4.3 % 2.1 % 7.9 % 4.7 % 3.2 % 2.2 % 1.7 % 1.7 % 4.0 % 37.2 % (1) Assumes no tenants exercise renewal or cancellation options. (2) ABR is equal to the annualized cash rent for all leases in place as of December 31, 2023 (including initial cash rent for new leases). Item 3. Legal Proceedings In the normal course of business, from time to time, the Company is involved in routine legal actions incidental to its business of the ownership and operations of its properties. In management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, that ultimately may result from such legal actions are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity of the Company. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ROIC Market Information ROIC’s common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “ROIC”. Holders As of February 8, 2024, ROIC had 67 registered holders. Such information was obtained through the registrar and transfer agent. Operating Partnership As of December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership had 48 registered holders, including Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC. 34 Stockholder Return Performance The above graph compares the cumulative total return on the Company’s common stock with that of the Standard and Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts Equity Index (“FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs”) from December 31, 2018 through December 31, 2023. The stock price performance graph assumes that an investor invested $100 in each of ROIC and the indices, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The comparisons in the graph are provided in accordance with the SEC disclosure requirements and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of the future performance of ROIC’s shares of common stock. Index Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. S&P 500 FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 12/31/2023 $ $ $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 100.00 $ 116.35 $ 131.49 $ 128.65 $ 89.62 $ 155.68 $ 122.12 $ 135.00 $ 200.37 $ 172.52 $ 107.14 $ 164.08 $ 129.53 $ 104.48 207.21 144.14 Period Ending Except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates this information by reference, the foregoing Stockholder Return Performance information shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act or under the Exchange Act. This information shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts. 35 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company makes statements in this section that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. For a complete discussion of forward-looking statements, see the section in this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information.” Certain risk factors may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the following discussion. For a discussion of such risk factors, see the section in this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors.” Overview The Company is organized in an UpREIT format pursuant to which Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, its wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the general partner of, and ROIC conducts substantially all of its business through, its operating partnership, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), together with its subsidiaries. ROIC commenced operations in October 2009 as a fully integrated and self-managed REIT, and as of December 31, 2023, ROIC owned an approximate 94.4% partnership interest and other limited partners owned the remaining approximate 5.6% partnership interest in the Operating Partnership. ROIC specializes in the acquisition, ownership and management of necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers on the west coast of the United States, anchored by supermarkets and drugstores. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s portfolio consisted of 95 properties (94 retail and one office) totaling approximately 10.7 million square feet of GLA. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s retail portfolio, excluding one shopping center that is currently planned for redevelopment and is no longer being managed as a retail asset, was approximately 97.7% leased. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company leased and renewed approximately 382,000 and 1.3 million square feet, respectively, in its portfolio. The table below provides a reconciliation of beginning of year vacant space to end of year vacant space for its retail portfolio as of December 31, 2023: Vacant space at December 31, 2022 Square footage vacated Vacant space at shopping center planned for redevelopment Square footage leased Vacant space at December 31, 2023 Vacant Space Square Footage 196,348 189,509 (22,413) (120,339) 243,105 The Company has committed approximately $15.3 million, or $40.15 per square foot, in tenant improvements, including building and site improvements, for new leases that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company has committed approximately $1.4 million, or $3.57 per square foot, in leasing commissions for the new leases that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company has committed approximately $1.4 million, or $1.07 per square foot, in tenant improvements, including building and site improvements, for the renewed leases that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. Leasing commission commitments for renewed leases were not material for the year ended December 31, 2023. Results of Operations At December 31, 2023, the Company had 95 properties (94 retail and one office), all of which are consolidated in the accompanying financial statements. The Company believes, because the properties are located in densely populated areas and are leased to retailers that provide necessity-based, non- discretionary goods and services, the nature of its investments provides for relatively stable revenue flows. The Company has a strong capital structure with manageable debt as of December 31, 2023. The Company expects to continue to actively explore acquisition opportunities consistent with its business strategy. 36 Property operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure of performance. The Company defines property operating income as operating revenues (rental revenue and other income), less property and related expenses (property operating expenses and property taxes). Property operating income excludes general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, acquisition transaction costs, other expense, interest expense, gains and losses from property acquisitions and dispositions, equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures, and extraordinary items. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating property operating income, and accordingly, the Company’s property operating income may not be comparable to other REITs. Property operating income is used by management to evaluate and compare the operating performance of the Company’s properties, to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of the Company’s properties as this measure is not affected by the cost of the Company’s funding, the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses, gains or losses from the acquisition and sale of operating real estate assets, general and administrative expenses or other gains and losses that relate to the ownership of its properties. The Company believes the exclusion of these items from net income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating the Company’s properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. Property operating income is a measure of the operating performance of the Company’s properties but does not measure the Company’s performance as a whole. Property operating income is therefore not a substitute for net income or operating income as computed in accordance with GAAP. For the Company’s discussion related to the results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for fiscal year 2021, including certain comparisons of results for fiscal year 2022 to fiscal year 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in its fiscal 2022 Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2023. Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Property Operating Income The table below provides a reconciliation of consolidated operating income in accordance with GAAP to consolidated property operating income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Operating income per GAAP Plus: Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense Gain on sale of real estate Less: Property operating income Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ 109,843 $ 104,227 21,854 1,209 — 237,133 $ 114,685 97,494 21,735 960 (7,653) 227,221 The following comparison for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, makes reference to the effect of the same-center properties. Same-center properties, which totaled 87 of the Company’s 95 properties as of December 31, 2023, represent all operating properties owned by the Company during the entirety of both periods presented and consolidated into the Company’s financial statements during such periods, except for the Company’s corporate headquarters and one property that is currently planned for redevelopment and is no longer being managed as a retail asset. 37 The table below provides a reconciliation of consolidated operating income in accordance with GAAP to property operating income for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to the 87 same-center properties owned by the Company during the entirety of both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and consolidated into the Company’s financial statements during such periods (in thousands): Operating income (loss) per GAAP Plus: Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense (1) (1) Property operating income ______________________ Same-Center Year Ended December 31, 2023 Non Same-Center Total $ $ 127,375 $ 96,082 — — 223,457 $ (17,532) $ 8,145 21,854 1,209 13,676 $ 109,843 104,227 21,854 1,209 237,133 (1) For illustration purposes, general and administrative expenses and other expense are included in non same-center because the Company does not allocate these types of expenses between same-center and non same-center properties. The table below provides a reconciliation of consolidated operating income in accordance with GAAP to property operating income for the year ended December 31, 2022 related to the 87 same-center properties owned by the Company during the entirety of both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and consolidated into the Company’s financial statements during such periods (in thousands): Operating income (loss) per GAAP Plus: Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense (1) (1) Less: Gain on sale of real estate Property operating income ______________________ Same-Center Year Ended December 31, 2022 Non Same-Center Total $ $ 124,862 $ 92,861 — — — 217,723 $ (10,177) $ 4,633 21,735 960 (7,653) 9,498 $ 114,685 97,494 21,735 960 (7,653) 227,221 (1) For illustration purposes, general and administrative expenses and other expense are included in non same-center because the Company does not allocate these types of expenses between same-center and non same-center properties. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated property operating income of approximately $237.1 million compared to property operating income of approximately $227.2 million generated during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing an increase of approximately $9.9 million. The property operating income for the 87 same-center properties increased approximately $5.7 million primarily due to an increase in base rents driven by contractual rent increases and re-leasing spreads, as well as an increase in early lease termination fee income and lease settlement income received in the year ended December 31, 2023. These increases were offset by an increase in estimated uncollectible revenue and a decrease in the amortization of above- and below-market rent in the year ended December 31, 2023. The property operating income for the non same-center properties increased approximately $4.2 million primarily as a result of the net increase in the number of properties owned by the Company in 2023 as compared to 2022, as well as the timing of those acquisitions and dispositions. Depreciation and amortization The Company incurred depreciation and amortization expenses of approximately $104.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to approximately $97.5 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased approximately $6.7 million primarily as a result of the net increase in the number of properties owned by the Company in 2023 as compared to 2022, as well as the timing of those acquisitions and dispositions. 38 General and administrative expenses The Company incurred general and administrative expenses of approximately $21.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to approximately $21.7 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. Gain on sale of real estate On August 19, 2022, in connection with the acquisition of two properties, the Company sold Aurora Square, a shopping center located in Shoreline, Washington. The sales price of $36.2 million, less costs to sell, resulted in net proceeds of approximately $34.4 million. The Company recorded a gain on sale of real estate of approximately $7.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 related to this property disposition. There were no property sales during the year ended December 31, 2023. Interest expense and other finance expenses The Company incurred interest expense and other finance expenses of approximately $73.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to approximately $59.2 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022. Interest expense and other finance expenses increased approximately $14.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to the increase in interest rates and the increase in interest incurred on the Company’s Senior Notes Due 2028. The U.S. Federal Reserve has raised the federal funds rate multiple times during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and accordingly, market interest rates have increased significantly. It is expected that the U.S. Federal Reserve may decrease the federal funds rate during 2024. Should the U.S. Federal Reserve decrease rates in the future, this will likely result in decreases in market interest rates. However, even with decreased market interest rates, the Company anticipates an increase in interest expense during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, due to the incremental interest expected to be incurred on the Company’s Senior Notes Due 2028. Funds From Operations Funds from operations (“FFO”), is a widely-recognized non-GAAP financial measure for REITs that the Company believes when considered with financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP, provides additional and useful means to assess its financial performance. FFO is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the performance of REITs, most of which present FFO along with net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company computes FFO in accordance with the “White Paper” on FFO published by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which defines FFO as net income attributable to common stockholders (determined in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains or losses from debt restructuring, sales of depreciable property, and impairments, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for partnerships and unconsolidated joint ventures. However, FFO: • does not represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP (which, unlike FFO, generally reflects all cash effects of transactions and other events in the determination of net income); and • should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of the Company’s performance. FFO as defined by the Company may not be comparable to similarly titled items reported by other REITs due to possible differences in the application of the NAREIT definition used by such REITs. 39 The table below provides a reconciliation of net income applicable to stockholders in accordance with GAAP to FFO for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Net income attributable to ROIC Plus: Depreciation and amortization Less: Gain on sale of real estate Funds from operations – basic Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Funds from operations – diluted Cash Net Operating Income (“NOI”) Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ 34,534 $ 104,227 — 138,761 2,120 140,881 $ 51,869 97,494 (7,653) 141,710 3,591 145,301 Cash NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure of the Company’s performance. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is operating income. The Company defines cash NOI as operating revenues (rental revenue and other income), less property and related expenses (property operating expenses and property taxes), adjusted for non-cash revenue and operating expense items such as straight-line rent and amortization of lease intangibles, debt-related expenses, and other adjustments. Cash NOI also excludes general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, acquisition transaction costs, other expense, interest expense, gains and losses from property acquisitions and dispositions, equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures, and extraordinary items. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating cash NOI, and accordingly, the Company’s cash NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. Cash NOI is used by management internally to evaluate and compare the operating performance of the Company’s properties. The Company believes cash NOI provides useful information to investors regarding the Company’s financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those cash income and expense items that are incurred at the property level, and when compared across periods, can be used to determine trends in earnings of the Company’s properties as this measure is not affected by non-cash revenue and expense recognition items, the cost of the Company’s funding, the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses, gains or losses from the acquisition and sale of operating real estate assets, general and administrative expenses or other gains and losses that relate to the Company’s ownership of properties. The Company believes the exclusion of these items from operating income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating the Company’s properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs. Cash NOI is a measure of the operating performance of the Company’s properties but does not measure the Company’s performance as a whole and is therefore not a substitute for net income or operating income as computed in accordance with GAAP. 40 Same-Center Cash NOI The table below provides a reconciliation of same-center cash NOI to consolidated operating income in accordance with GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The table makes reference to the effect of the same-center properties. Same-center properties, which totaled 87 of the Company’s 95 properties as of December 31, 2023, represent all operating properties owned by the Company during the entirety of both periods presented and consolidated into the Company’s financial statements during such periods, except for the Company’s corporate headquarters and one property that is currently planned for redevelopment and is no longer being managed as a retail asset (in thousands): GAAP operating income Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense Gain on sale of real estate Straight-line rent Amortization of above- and below-market rent Property revenues and other expenses (1) Total Company cash NOI Non same-center cash NOI Same-center cash NOI ______________________ Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ 109,843 $ 104,227 21,854 1,209 — (1,855) (11,172) (572) 223,534 (12,178) 211,356 $ 114,685 97,494 21,735 960 (7,653) (2,715) (11,947) (474) 212,085 (8,226) 203,859 (1) Includes anchor lease termination fees, net of contractual amounts, if any, expense and recovery adjustments related to prior periods and other miscellaneous adjustments. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated same-center cash NOI of approximately $211.4 million compared to same-center cash NOI of approximately $203.9 million generated during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a 3.7% increase. This increase of approximately $7.5 million is primarily due to an increase in base rents driven by contractual rent increases and re-leasing spreads, as well as an increase in early lease termination fee income and lease settlement income received, offset by an increase in estimated uncollectible revenue during the year ended December 31, 2023. Critical Accounting Estimates Critical accounting estimates are those that are both important to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, complex or subjective judgments. Set forth below is a summary of the accounting estimates that management believes are critical to the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. This summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of the Company’s accounting policies included in Note 1 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition The Company records base rents on a straight-line basis over the term of each lease. The excess of rents recognized over amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases is included in Tenant and other receivables in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Most leases contain provisions that require tenants to reimburse a pro-rata share of real estate taxes and certain common area expenses. Adjustments are also made throughout the year to tenant and other receivables and the related cost recovery income based upon the Company’s best estimate of the final amounts to be billed and collected. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is established based on a quarterly analysis of the risk of loss on specific accounts. The analysis places particular emphasis on past-due accounts and considers information such as the nature and age of the receivables, tenant creditworthiness, current economic trends, the payment history of the tenants or other debtors, the financial condition of the tenants and any guarantors and management’s assessment of their ability to meet their lease obligations, the basis for any disputes and the status of related negotiations, among other things. Management’s estimates of the required 41 allowance are subject to revision as these factors change and are sensitive to the effects of economic and market conditions on tenants, particularly those at retail properties. Estimates are used to establish reimbursements from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate tax and insurance costs. The Company analyzes the balance of its estimated accounts receivable for real estate taxes, common area maintenance and insurance for each of its properties by comparing actual recoveries versus actual expenses and any actual write-offs. Based on its analysis, the Company may record an additional amount in its allowance for doubtful accounts related to these items. In addition, the Company also provides an allowance for future credit losses in connection with the deferred straight-line rent receivable. Real Estate Investments Land, buildings, property improvements, furniture/fixtures and tenant improvements are recorded at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Renovations and/or replacements, which improve or extend the life of the asset, are capitalized and depreciated over its estimated useful lives. The Company recognizes the acquisition of real estate properties, including acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and improvements) and acquired intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of above-market and below-market leases and acquired in-place leases) at their relative fair value (for acquisitions not meeting the definition of a business) and fair value (for acquisitions meeting the definition of a business). The relative fair values used to allocate the cost of an asset acquisition are determined using the same methodologies and assumptions the Company utilizes to determine fair values in a business combination. Acquired lease intangible assets include above-market leases and acquired in-place leases, and Acquired lease intangible liabilities represent below-market leases in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, which value is then allocated to land, buildings and improvements based on management’s determination of the relative fair values of these assets. In valuing an acquired property’s intangibles, factors considered by management include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected lease-up periods based on its evaluation of current market demand. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases, including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related costs. The value of in-place leases is measured by the excess of (i) the purchase price paid for a property after adjusting existing in-place leases to market rental rates, over (ii) the estimated fair value of the property as if it were vacant. Above-market and below-market lease values are recorded based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between the contractual amounts to be received and management’s estimate of market lease rates, measured over the terms of the respective leases that management deemed appropriate at the time of acquisition. Such valuations include a consideration of the non-cancellable terms of the respective leases as well as any applicable renewal periods. The fair values associated with below-market rental renewal options are determined based on the Company’s experience and the relevant facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the acquisitions. The value of the above-market and below-market leases associated with the original lease term and option period, if applicable, is amortized to Rental revenue over the terms of the respective leases including option periods. The value of in-place leases is amortized to Depreciation expense over the remaining non-cancellable terms of the respective leases. If a lease were to be terminated prior to its stated expiration, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be recognized in operations at that time. The Company is required to make subjective assessments as to the useful life of its properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation. These assessments have a direct impact on the Company’s net income. Properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives are as follows: Buildings Property Improvements Furniture/Fixtures Tenant Improvements Asset Impairment 39-40 years 10-20 years 3-10 years Shorter of lease term or its useful life The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to aggregate future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) expected to be generated by 42 the asset. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, legal and environmental concerns, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceed the fair value. Management does not believe that the value of any of the Company’s real estate investments was impaired at December 31, 2023. REIT Qualification Requirements The Company has elected and qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the Code, and believes that it has been organized and has operated in a manner that will allow it to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code. The Company is subject to a number of operational and organizational requirements to qualify and then maintain qualification as a REIT. If the Company does not qualify as a REIT, its income would become subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes at regular corporate rates that would be substantial and the Company may not be permitted to re-elect to qualify as a REIT for four taxable years following the year that it failed to qualify as a REIT. The Company’s results of operations, liquidity and amounts distributable to stockholders would be significantly reduced if it failed to qualify as a REIT. Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company In this “Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Company” section and in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Operating Partnership” section, the term “the Company” refers to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. on an unconsolidated basis, excluding the Operating Partnership. The Company’s business is operated primarily through the Operating Partnership, of which the Company is the parent company, and which it consolidates for financial reporting purposes. Because the Company operates on a consolidated basis with the Operating Partnership, the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Operating Partnership” should be read in conjunction with this section to understand the liquidity and capital resources of the Company on a consolidated basis and how the Company is operated as a whole. The Company issues public equity from time to time, but does not otherwise generate any capital itself or conduct any business itself, other than incurring certain expenses in operating as a public company. The Company itself does not hold any indebtedness other than guarantees of indebtedness of the Operating Partnership, and its only material assets are its ownership of direct or indirect partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and membership interest in Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Therefore, the consolidated assets and liabilities and the consolidated revenues and expenses of the Company and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. However, all debt is held directly or indirectly by the Operating Partnership. The Company’s principal funding requirement is the payment of dividends on its common stock. The Company’s principal source of funding for its dividend payments is distributions it receives from the Operating Partnership. As the parent company of the Operating Partnership, the Company, indirectly, has the full, exclusive and complete responsibility for the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management and control. The Company causes the Operating Partnership to distribute such portion of its available cash as the Company may in its discretion determine, in the manner provided in the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement. The Company is a well-known seasoned issuer with an effective shelf registration statement filed in April 2022 that allows the Company to register unspecified various classes of debt and equity securities. As circumstances warrant, the Company may issue equity from time to time on an opportunistic basis, dependent upon market conditions and available pricing. Any proceeds from such equity issuances would be contributed to the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership may use the proceeds to acquire additional properties, pay down debt, and for general working capital purposes. Liquidity is a measure of the Company’s ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain its assets and operations, make distributions to its stockholders and meet other general business needs. The liquidity of the Company is dependent on the Operating Partnership’s ability to make sufficient distributions to the Company. The primary cash requirement of the Company is its payment of dividends to its stockholders. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s primary sources of cash were distributions from the Operating Partnership and proceeds from the issuance of common stock. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has determined that it has adequate working capital to meet its dividend funding obligations for the next twelve months. 43 On February 20, 2020, ROIC entered into an “at the market” sales agreement, as amended on April 27, 2022 (the “Sales Agreement”), with each of (i) KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BTIG, LLC, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Capital One Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Regions Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (collectively, the “Agents”) and (ii) the Forward Purchasers (as defined below), pursuant to which ROIC may sell, from time to time, shares (any such shares, the “Primary Shares”) of ROIC’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), to or through the Agents and instruct certain of the Agents, acting as forward sellers (the “Forward Sellers”), to offer and sell borrowed shares (any such shares, “Forward Hedge Shares,” and collectively with the Primary Shares, the “Shares”) with the Shares to be sold under the Sales Agreement having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million. The Sales Agreement contemplates that, in addition to the issuance and sale of Primary Shares to or through the Agents as principal or its sales agents, ROIC may enter into separate forward sale agreements with any of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC or their respective affiliates (in such capacity, the “Forward Purchasers”). If ROIC enters into a forward sale agreement with any Forward Purchaser, ROIC expects that such Forward Purchaser or its affiliate will borrow from third parties and, through the relevant Forward Seller, sell a number of Forward Hedge Shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement, in accordance with the mutually accepted instructions related to such forward sale agreement. ROIC will not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of Forward Hedge Shares through a Forward Seller. ROIC expects to fully physically settle each particular forward sale agreement with the relevant Forward Purchaser on one or more dates specified by ROIC on or prior to the maturity date of that particular forward sale agreement by issuing shares of Common Stock (the “Confirmation Shares”), in which case ROIC expects to receive aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, ROIC may also elect to cash settle or net share settle a particular forward sale agreement, in which case ROIC may not receive any proceeds from the issuance of shares of Common Stock, and ROIC will instead receive or pay cash (in the case of cash settlement) or receive or deliver shares of Common Stock (in the case of net share settlement). During the year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC sold a total of 904,290 shares under the Sales Agreement, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $12.8 million and commissions of approximately $128,000 paid to the Agents. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, the funding of acquisitions and additions to working capital. For the year ended December 31, 2023, dividends paid and payable to stockholders totaled approximately $76.6 million. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2023, distributions paid and payable from the Operating Partnership to the non-controlling interest holders of OP Units (“OP Unitholders”) totaled approximately $4.8 million. On a consolidated basis, cash flows from operations for the same period totaled approximately $147.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, dividends paid and payable to stockholders totaled approximately $92.4 million. Additionally, for the year ended December 31, 2022, distributions paid from the Operating Partnership to the non-controlling interest OP Unitholders totaled approximately $6.6 million. On a consolidated basis, cash flows from operations for the same period totaled approximately $149.0 million. Potential future sources of capital include equity issuances and distributions from the Operating Partnership. Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Operating Partnership In this “Liquidity and Capital Resources of the Operating Partnership” section, the terms the “Operating Partnership,” “we”, “our” and “us” refer to the Operating Partnership together with its consolidated subsidiaries or the Operating Partnership and the Company together with their respective consolidated subsidiaries, as the context requires. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership’s primary sources of cash were proceeds from the issuance of unsecured senior notes, cash flows from operations and cash contributed by ROIC from the issuance of common stock. As of December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership has determined that it has adequate working capital to meet its debt obligations and operating expenses for the next twelve months. The Operating Partnership has an unsecured term loan (the “term loan”) with several banks acting as lenders. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017, as amended (the “Term Loan Agreement”). Under the Term Loan Agreement, the lenders agreed to provide $300.0 million of unsecured borrowings. The maturity date of the term loan is January 20, 2025, without further options for extension. The Term Loan Agreement also provides that the Operating Partnership may from time to time 44 request increased aggregate commitments of $200.0 million if certain conditions are met, including the consent of the lenders to the additional commitments. Additionally, the Operating Partnership has an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “credit facility”) with several banks. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017, (as amended, the “Credit Facility Agreement”). Under the Credit Facility Agreement, the Operating Partnership has borrowing capacity of up to $600.0 million. The maturity date under the Credit Facility Agreement is March 2, 2027, with two six-month extension options, which may be exercised by the Operating Partnership upon satisfaction of certain conditions including the payment of extension fees. Additionally, the Credit Facility Agreement contains an accordion feature, which allows the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility Agreement up to an aggregate of $1.2 billion, subject to lender consents and other conditions. Refer to Note 5 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for certain quantitative details related to the interest accrual calculations on outstanding principal amounts for both the Term Loan Agreement and Credit Facility Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, $200.0 million and $75.0 million were outstanding under the term loan and credit facility, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the term loan and the credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2023 was 6.1% and 5.9%, respectively. As discussed in Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Operating Partnership uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. Effective March 31, 2023, $150.0 million of the Operating Partnership’s term loan was swapped at a blended interest rate of 5.4%. The Operating Partnership had no amounts available to borrow under the term loan at December 31, 2023. The Operating Partnership had approximately $525.0 million available to borrow under the credit facility at December 31, 2023. On September 21, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed a registered underwritten public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2028. The Senior Notes Due 2028 pay interest semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, 2024, and mature on October 15, 2028, unless redeemed earlier by the Operating Partnership. ROIC fully and unconditionally guarantees the Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Senior Notes Due 2028 on a senior unsecured basis, including the due and punctual payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, the notes, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration, notice of redemption or otherwise. Proceeds from this offering were used to pay down $100.0 million of borrowings under the term loan on September 21, 2023. The remaining proceeds from this offering, along with borrowings under the credit facility, were used for the repayment of the Operating Partnership’s $250.0 million Senior Notes Due 2023 on December 15, 2023. Further, the Operating Partnership issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in each of December 2017 and December 2014 and $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2016, each of which were fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The key terms of the Operating Partnership’s Senior Notes are as follows: Senior Notes Senior Notes Due 2028 Senior Notes Due 2027 Senior Notes Due 2026 Senior Notes Due 2024 $ $ $ $ Aggregate Principal Amount (in thousands) Issue Date and Interest Accrual Date Maturity Date Contractual Interest Rate First Interest Payment 350,000 September 21, 2023 October 15, 2028 6.75 % April 15, 2024 250,000 December 15, 2017 December 15, 2027 4.19 % June 15, 2018 200,000 September 22, 2016 September 22, 2026 3.95 % March 22, 2017 250,000 December 3, 2014 December 15, 2024 4.00 % June 15, 2015 Interest Payments Due April 15 and October 15 June 15 and December 15 March 22 and September 22 June 15 and December 15 The Operating Partnership’s material current and long-term cash requirements are further described below. The Operating Partnership’s debt agreements contain customary representations, financial and other covenants, and its ability to borrow under these agreements is subject to its compliance with financial covenants and other restrictions on an ongoing basis. The Operating Partnership was in compliance with such covenants at December 31, 2023. While the Operating Partnership generally intends to hold its assets as long-term investments, certain of its investments may be sold in order to manage the Operating Partnership’s interest rate risk and liquidity needs, meet other operating objectives and 45 adapt to market conditions. The timing and impact of future sales of its investments, if any, cannot be predicted with any certainty. The Company has investment grade credit ratings from Moody’s Investors Service (Baa2), S&P Global Ratings (BBB-) and Fitch Ratings (BBB). Cash Flows The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected items in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Net Cash Provided by (Used in): Operating Activities Investing Activities Financing Activities Net Cash Flows from: Operating Activities Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 $ $ $ 147,478 $ (70,791) $ (75,728) $ 149,023 (144,692) (12,235) Net cash flows provided by operating activities amounted to approximately $147.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to approximately $149.0 million in the comparable period in 2022. This decrease of approximately $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to the increase in interest expense and the timing and collections of working capital accounts, offset by the increase in property operating income of approximately $9.9 million. Investing Activities Net cash flows used in investing activities amounted to approximately $70.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to approximately $144.7 million in the comparable period in 2022. This decrease of approximately $73.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to the decrease in investments in real estate of approximately $98.9 million and the decrease in payments for improvements to properties of approximately $8.5 million, offset by the decrease in proceeds from the sale of real estate of approximately $34.4 million. Financing Activities Net cash flows used in financing activities amounted to approximately $75.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to approximately $12.2 million in the comparable period in 2022. This increase of approximately $63.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to the repayment of unsecured senior notes of $250.0 million, the net increase in pay downs on the credit facility of $101.0 million, the pay down on the term loan of $100.0 million, the decrease in proceeds from the sale of common stock of approximately $12.4 million, and the increase in deferred financing costs of approximately $9.2 million related to the Credit Facility Agreement and the Senior Notes Due 2028. These fluctuations were offset by the increase in net proceeds from the issuance of unsecured senior notes of approximately $348.3 million, the decrease in dividend and distribution payments of approximately $37.9 million and the decrease in principal repayments on mortgages of approximately $23.4 million. 46 Material Cash Requirements The following table represents the Company’s known contractual and other short-term (i.e., the next twelve months) and long-term (i.e., beyond the next twelve months) obligations as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands): (1) (2) Material cash requirements: Mortgage Notes Payable Principal Mortgage Notes Payable Interest Term loan Credit facility Senior Notes Due 2028 Senior Notes Due 2027 Senior Notes Due 2026 Senior Notes Due 2024 Operating lease obligations (3) (4) (5) (4) (4) Total __________________ Short-Term Long-Term Total $ $ 26,708 $ 1,627 — — 25,266 10,475 7,900 260,000 1,364 333,340 $ 33,337 $ 991 200,000 75,000 444,434 281,425 215,800 — 33,217 1,284,204 $ 60,045 2,618 200,000 75,000 469,700 291,900 223,700 260,000 34,581 1,617,544 (1) Does not include unamortized mortgage premium of approximately $72,000 as of December 31, 2023. (2) The floating rate term loan accrues interest at the current rate of 5.7% as of December 31, 2023, which is inclusive of the $150.0 million swap agreements the Company entered into effective March 31, 2023. (3) The floating rate credit facility accrues interest at the current rate of 6.3% as of December 31, 2023. (4) Represents payments of interest only in the short-term and payments of both principal and interest in the long-term. (5) Represents payments of both principal and interest in the short-term. The short-term and long-term liquidity requirements of the Company, including the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, consist primarily of the material cash requirements set forth above, dividends expected to be paid to the Company’s stockholders, capital expenditures and capital required for acquisitions. The Company, including the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, plans to satisfy its short-term liquidity requirements, including its material cash requirements, through operating cash flows, debt refinancings, potential asset sales and/or borrowings under the credit facility. Historically, the Company, including the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, has financed its long-term liquidity requirements through operating cash flows, borrowings under the credit facility and term loan, debt refinancings, new debt, equity offerings and other capital market transactions, and/or the disposition of assets. The Company expects to continue doing so in the future. However, there can be no assurance that these sources will always be available to the Company when needed, or on terms the Company desires or that the future requirements of the Company will not be materially higher than the Company currently expects. The Company has committed approximately $16.8 million and $1.4 million in tenant improvements (including building and site improvements) and leasing commissions, respectively, for the new leases and renewals that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. Real Estate Taxes The Company’s leases generally require the tenants to be responsible for a pro-rata portion of the real estate taxes. 47 Inflation The Company’s long-term leases contain provisions to help manage the adverse impact of inflation on its operating results. Such provisions include clauses entitling the Company to receive (a) scheduled base rent increases and (b) percentage rents based upon tenants’ gross sales which generally increase as prices rise. In addition, many of the Company’s non-anchor leases are for terms of less than ten years, which permits the Company to seek increases in rents upon renewal at then-current market rates if rents provided in the expiring leases are below then-existing market rates. Most of the Company’s leases require tenants to pay a share of operating expenses, including common area maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance and utilities, thereby reducing the Company’s exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation. Leverage Policies The Company employs prudent amounts of leverage and uses debt as a means of providing additional funds for the acquisition of its properties and the diversification of its portfolio. The Company seeks to primarily utilize unsecured debt in order to maintain liquidity and flexibility in its capital structure. Under the Term Loan Agreement, several banks acting as lenders agreed to provide $300.0 million of unsecured borrowings. The maturity date of the term loan is January 20, 2025, without further options for extension. The Term Loan Agreement also provides that the Operating Partnership may from time to time request increased aggregate commitments of $200.0 million under certain conditions set forth in the Term Loan Agreement, including the consent of the lenders to the additional commitments. Under the Credit Facility Agreement, the Operating Partnership has borrowing capacity on the credit facility of up to $600.0 million. The maturity date under the Credit Facility Agreement is March 2, 2027, with two six-month extension options, which may be exercised by the Operating Partnership upon satisfaction of certain conditions including the payment of extension fees. Additionally, the Credit Facility Agreement contains an accordion feature, which allows the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility Agreement up to an aggregate of $1.2 billion, subject to lender consents and other conditions. On September 21, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed a registered underwritten public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2028. The Senior Notes Due 2028 pay interest semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, commencing on April 15, 2024, and mature on October 15, 2028, unless redeemed earlier by the Operating Partnership. The Company fully and unconditionally guaranteed the Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Senior Notes Due 2028 on a senior unsecured basis, including the due and punctual payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, the notes, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration, notice of redemption or otherwise. Further, the Operating Partnership issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in each of December 2017 and December 2014 and $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2016, each of which were fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The Company may borrow on a non-recourse basis at the corporate level or Operating Partnership level. Non-recourse indebtedness means the indebtedness of the borrower or its subsidiaries is secured only by specific assets without recourse to other assets of the borrower or any of its subsidiaries. Even with non-recourse indebtedness, however, a borrower or its subsidiaries will likely be required to guarantee against certain breaches of representations and warranties such as those relating to the absence of fraud, misappropriation, misapplication of funds, environmental conditions and material misrepresentations. Because non-recourse financing generally restricts the lender’s claim on the assets of the borrower, the lender generally may only proceed against the asset securing the debt. This may protect the Company’s other assets. The Company plans to evaluate each investment opportunity and determine the appropriate leverage on a case-by-case basis and also on a Company-wide basis. The Company may seek to refinance indebtedness, such as when a decline in interest rates makes it beneficial to prepay an existing mortgage, when an existing mortgage matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to purchase the investment. The Company plans to finance future acquisitions through a combination of cash from operations, borrowings under the credit facility, the assumption of existing mortgage debt, the issuance of OP Units, equity and debt offerings, and the potential sale of existing assets. In addition, the Company may acquire retail properties indirectly through joint ventures with third parties as a means of increasing the funds available for the acquisition of properties. 48 Distributions The Operating Partnership and ROIC intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of their OP Units and common stock, respectively. The Operating Partnership pays distributions to ROIC directly as a holder of units of the Operating Partnership, and indirectly to ROIC through distributions to Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of ROIC. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. ROIC intends to pay regular quarterly dividends to its stockholders in an amount not less than its net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by its board of directors. If ROIC’s cash available for distribution is less than its net taxable income, ROIC could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or ROIC may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk The Company’s primary market risk exposure is to changes in interest rates related to its debt. There is inherent rollover risk for borrowings as they mature and are renewed at current market rates. The extent of this risk is not quantifiable or predictable because of the variability of future interest rates and the Company’s future financing requirements. As a corporation that has elected to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2010, ROIC’s future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The Company will be exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of long- term debt used to acquire properties and make real estate-related debt investments. The Company’s interest rate risk management objectives will be to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, the Company expects to borrow primarily at fixed rates or variable rates with the lowest margins available and, in some cases, with the ability to convert variable rates to fixed rates. In addition, the Company may use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. The Company will not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and will only enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $275.0 million of variable rate debt outstanding. The Company primarily uses fixed-rate debt and interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. The Company entered into interest rate swaps in order to economically hedge against the risk of rising interest rates that would affect the Company’s interest expense related to its future anticipated debt issuances as part of its overall borrowing program. See the discussion under Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for certain quantitative details related to the interest rate swaps. The sensitivity analysis table presented below shows the estimated instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve up and down by 50 and 100 basis points, respectively, on the clean market value of its interest rate derivatives as of December 31, 2023, exclusive of non-performance risk (in thousands): Swap Notional $100,000 $50,000 Less 100 basis points $ $ (281) $ 9 $ Less 50 basis points December 31, 2023 Value Increase 50 basis points Increase 100 basis points 8 $ 153 $ 296 $ 297 $ 583 $ 440 $ 868 582 See Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion on how the Company values derivative financial instruments. The Company calculates the value of its interest rate swaps based upon the present value of the future cash flows expected to be paid and received on each leg of the swap. The cash flows on the fixed leg of the swap are agreed to at inception and the cash flows on the floating leg of a swap change over time as interest rates change. To estimate the floating cash flows at each valuation date, the Company utilizes a forward curve which is constructed using SOFR fixings, SOFR futures, and SOFR OIS swap rates, which are observable in the market. Both the fixed and floating legs’ cash flows are discounted at market discount factors. For purposes of adjusting its derivative valuations, the Company incorporates the nonperformance risk for both itself and its counterparties to these contracts based upon management’s estimates of credit spreads, credit default swap spreads (if available) or IHS Markit ratings in order to derive a curve that considers the term structure of credit. A 100 basis-point increase in short-term interest rates would have increased the Company’s interest expense by approximately $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. 49 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42) Consolidated Financial Statements of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Financial Statements of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP: Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Schedules III Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation IV Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Page 51 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 84 88 All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted. 50 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 8 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 15, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Description of the Matter Impairment of real estate investments At December 31, 2023, the Company’s real estate investments totaled $2.8 billion. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable. The Company did not identify any assets that were impaired at December 31, 2023. Auditing management’s assessment of impairment is challenging due to the high degree of auditor judgment necessary in evaluating management’s identification of indicators of potential impairment and the related assessment of the severity of such indicators in determining whether a triggering event has occurred that requires the Company to evaluate the recoverability of the asset. The significant inputs used in the assessment included capitalization rates and cash flows associated with each property, which were based on market information or property-specific factors including, where applicable, occupancy trends and other factors. 51 How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s real estate impairment assessment process. For example, we tested controls over management’s process for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators, including controls over management’s development and review of the significant inputs and assumptions described above used in the assessment. Our testing of the Company’s impairment assessment included, among other procedures, evaluating significant judgments applied in determining whether indicators of impairment were present at any given property by obtaining evidence to corroborate such judgments and searching for evidence contrary to such judgments. In addition, we reviewed the bad debt reserves analysis and rent rolls for any tenants with large reserved balances or upcoming lease expirations, in addition to reviewing various industry market surveys that indicate potential tenants with deteriorating credit quality to determine if they occupied a substantial portion of any particular property. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010. San Diego, California February 15, 2024 52 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 8 and our report dated February 15, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Retail Opportunity Investments Corp). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP San Diego, California February 15, 2024 53 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM The Partners of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, partners’ capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 8 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Operating Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Operating Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Operating Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Operating Partnership is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. 54 Description of the Matter How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit Impairment of real estate investments At December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership’s real estate investments totaled $2.8 billion. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Operating Partnership reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable. The Operating Partnership did not identify any assets that were impaired at December 31, 2023. Auditing management’s assessment of impairment is challenging due to the high degree of auditor judgment necessary in evaluating management’s identification of indicators of potential impairment and the related assessment of the severity of such indicators in determining whether a triggering event has occurred that requires the Operating Partnership to evaluate the recoverability of the asset. The significant inputs used in the assessment included capitalization rates and cash flows associated with each property, which were based on market information or property-specific factors including, where applicable, occupancy trends and other factors. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Operating Partnership’s real estate impairment assessment process. For example, we tested controls over management’s process for identifying and evaluating potential impairment indicators, including controls over management’s development and review of the significant inputs and assumptions described above used in the assessment. Our testing of the Operating Partnership’s impairment assessment included, among other procedures, evaluating significant judgments applied in determining whether indicators of impairment were present at any given property by obtaining evidence to corroborate such judgments and searching for evidence contrary to such judgments. In addition, we reviewed the bad debt reserves analysis and rent rolls for any tenants with large reserved balances or upcoming lease expirations, in addition to reviewing various industry market surveys that indicate potential tenants with deteriorating credit quality to determine if they occupied a substantial portion of any particular property. /s/ Ernst & Young LLP We have served as the Operating Partnership’s auditor since 2013. San Diego, California February 15, 2024 55 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, except share data) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS Real Estate Investments: Land Building and improvements Less: accumulated depreciation Mortgage note receivable Real Estate Investments, net Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Tenant and other receivables, net Deposits Acquired lease intangible assets, net Prepaid expenses Deferred charges, net Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Liabilities: Term loan Credit facility Senior Notes Mortgage notes payable Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net Accounts payable and accrued expenses Tenants’ security deposits Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Equity: Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 126,904,085 and 124,538,811 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Additional paid-in capital Accumulated dividends in excess of earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Total Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. stockholders’ equity Non-controlling interests Total equity Total liabilities and equity $ $ $ $ 967,251 $ 2,500,647 3,467,898 654,543 2,813,355 4,694 2,818,049 6,302 2,116 61,193 — 42,791 3,354 27,294 16,541 2,977,640 $ 199,745 $ 75,000 1,043,593 60,052 137,820 50,598 8,205 39,420 1,614,433 — 13 1,643,908 (357,160) 559 1,287,320 75,887 1,363,207 2,977,640 $ 958,236 2,452,857 3,411,093 578,593 2,832,500 4,786 2,837,286 5,598 1,861 57,546 500 52,428 5,957 26,683 16,420 3,004,279 299,253 88,000 946,849 60,917 152,117 22,885 7,701 41,959 1,619,681 — 12 1,612,126 (315,984) 14 1,296,168 88,430 1,384,598 3,004,279 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 56 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (In thousands, except per share data) Revenues Rental revenue Other income Total revenues Operating expenses Property operating Property taxes Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense Total operating expenses Gain on sale of real estate Operating income Non-operating expenses Interest expense and other finance expenses Net income Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Net Income Attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Earnings per share – basic and diluted Dividends per common share Comprehensive income: Net income Other comprehensive income: Unrealized swap derivative gain arising during the period Reclassification adjustment for amortization to interest expense included in net income Other comprehensive income: Comprehensive income Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests Comprehensive income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. 2023 Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 319,056 $ 8,676 327,732 308,960 $ 3,969 312,929 55,166 35,433 104,227 21,854 1,209 217,889 — 51,057 34,651 97,494 21,735 960 205,897 7,653 109,843 114,685 (73,189) 36,654 (2,120) 34,534 $ 0.27 $ 0.60 $ (59,225) 55,460 (3,591) 51,869 $ 0.42 $ 0.56 $ 280,924 3,176 284,100 44,439 33,663 92,929 19,654 860 191,545 22,340 114,895 (57,535) 57,360 (3,852) 53,508 0.44 0.51 36,654 $ 55,460 $ 57,360 1,582 1,104 (1,005) 577 37,231 (2,152) 35,079 $ 2,286 3,390 58,850 (3,813) 55,037 $ 216 5,894 6,110 63,470 (4,304) 59,166 $ $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 57 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Consolidated Statements of Equity (In thousands, except share data) Common Stock Shares Amount Additional paid-in capital Accumulated dividends in excess of earnings Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Non- controlling interests Equity Balance at December 31, 2020 118,085,155 $ 12 $ 1,497,662 $ (289,309) $ (8,812) $ 91,606 $ 1,291,159 Shares issued under the Equity Incentive Plan Shares withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of restricted stock Stock based compensation expense Redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Proceeds from the issuance of common stock Registration expenditures Cash dividends ($0.51 per share) Dividends payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Other comprehensive income 535,819 (142,247) (5,482) — 423,986 — 3,788,035 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 428 (1,905) — 9,735 6,858 (3,625) 69,602 (918) — — — — — — — — — — — — — (61,717) (283) 53,508 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5,658 — — — 1,295 (6,858) 3,625 — — (4,395) (118) — 3,852 452 428 (1,905) — 11,030 — — 69,602 (918) (66,112) (401) 53,508 3,852 6,110 Balance at December 31, 2021 122,685,266 $ 12 $ 1,577,837 $ (297,801) $ (3,154) $ 89,459 $ 1,366,353 Shares issued under the Equity Incentive Plan Shares withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of restricted stock Stock based compensation expense Redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Proceeds from the issuance of common stock Registration expenditures Cash dividends ($0.56 per share) Dividends payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Other comprehensive income 406,106 (123,466) (14,148) — 296,840 — 1,288,213 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 302 (2,416) — 11,949 5,071 (5,017) 25,199 (799) — — — — — — — — — — — — — (69,533) (519) 51,869 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3,168 — — — — (5,071) 5,017 — — (4,788) — — 3,591 222 302 (2,416) — 11,949 — — 25,199 (799) (74,321) (519) 51,869 3,591 3,390 Balance at December 31, 2022 124,538,811 $ 12 $ 1,612,126 $ (315,984) $ 14 $ 88,430 $ 1,384,598 Shares issued under the Equity Incentive Plan Shares withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of restricted stock Stock based compensation expense Redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Proceeds from the issuance of common stock Registration expenditures Cash dividends ($0.60 per share) Dividends payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Other comprehensive income Balance at December 31, 2023 700,691 (220,282) (29,425) — 1,010,000 — 904,290 — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 32 (3,291) — 10,899 13,388 (1,680) 12,828 (394) — — — — — — — — — — — — — (75,450) (260) 34,534 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 545 — — — 1,813 (13,389) 1,680 — — (4,614) (185) — 2,120 32 32 (3,291) — 12,712 — — 12,828 (394) (80,064) (445) 34,534 2,120 577 126,904,085 $ 13 $ 1,643,908 $ (357,160) $ 559 $ 75,887 $ 1,363,207 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 58 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization of deferred financing costs and mortgage discounts and premiums, net Straight-line rent adjustment Amortization of above-market and below-market rent Amortization relating to stock based compensation Provisions for tenant credit losses Other noncash interest (income) expense Gain on sale of real estate Change in operating assets and liabilities: Tenant and other receivables Prepaid expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other assets and liabilities, net Net cash provided by operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Investments in real estate Proceeds from sale of real estate Improvements to properties Deposits on real estate acquisitions Proceeds on repayment of mortgage note receivable Net cash used in investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Principal repayments on mortgages Payments on term loan Proceeds from draws on credit facility Payments on credit facility Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes Repayment of Senior Notes Distributions to OP Unitholders Deferred financing and other costs Proceeds from the sale of common stock Registration expenditures Dividends paid to common stockholders Common shares issued under the Equity Incentive Plan Shares withheld for employee taxes Net cash used in financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ 36,654 $ 55,460 $ 57,360 104,227 3,920 (1,855) (11,172) 12,712 3,369 (15) — (5,453) 2,604 5,566 (3,079) 147,478 (21,758) — (49,625) 500 92 (70,791) (686) (100,000) 168,000 (181,000) 348,289 (250,000) (3,498) (9,160) 12,828 (394) (56,848) 32 (3,291) (75,728) 959 7,459 97,494 2,559 (2,715) (11,947) 11,949 2,034 (57) (7,653) (1,976) (630) 1,242 3,263 149,023 (120,639) 34,435 (58,077) (500) 89 (144,692) (24,133) — 168,000 (80,000) — — (6,628) — 25,199 (976) (91,583) 302 (2,416) (12,235) (7,904) 15,363 $ 8,418 $ 7,459 $ 92,929 2,383 (959) (8,795) 11,030 2,779 45 (22,340) (1,039) (597) 5,072 (1,536) 136,332 (125,490) 68,003 (46,242) — 84 (103,645) (716) — 30,000 (78,000) — — (2,857) — 69,602 (740) (39,772) 428 (1,905) (23,960) 8,727 6,636 15,363 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 6,302 2,116 8,418 $ $ 5,598 1,861 7,459 $ $ 13,218 2,145 15,363 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 59 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 ASSETS Real Estate Investments: Land Building and improvements Less: accumulated depreciation Mortgage note receivable Real Estate Investments, net Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Tenant and other receivables, net Deposits Acquired lease intangible assets, net Prepaid expenses Deferred charges, net Other assets Total assets LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL Liabilities: Term loan Credit facility Senior Notes Mortgage notes payable Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net Accounts payable and accrued expenses Tenants’ security deposits Other liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Capital: Partners’ capital, unlimited partnership units authorized: ROIC capital Limited partners’ capital Accumulated other comprehensive income Total capital Total liabilities and capital $ $ $ $ 967,251 $ 2,500,647 3,467,898 654,543 2,813,355 4,694 2,818,049 6,302 2,116 61,193 — 42,791 3,354 27,294 16,541 2,977,640 $ 199,745 $ 75,000 1,043,593 60,052 137,820 50,598 8,205 39,420 1,614,433 1,286,761 75,854 592 1,363,207 2,977,640 $ 958,236 2,452,857 3,411,093 578,593 2,832,500 4,786 2,837,286 5,598 1,861 57,546 500 52,428 5,957 26,683 16,420 3,004,279 299,253 88,000 946,849 60,917 152,117 22,885 7,701 41,959 1,619,681 1,296,154 88,429 15 1,384,598 3,004,279 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 60 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (In thousands) Revenues Rental revenue Other income Total revenues Operating expenses Property operating Property taxes Depreciation and amortization General and administrative expenses Other expense Total operating expenses Gain on sale of real estate Operating income Non-operating expenses Interest expense and other finance expenses Net Income Attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Earnings per unit - basic and diluted Distributions per unit Comprehensive income: Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Other comprehensive income: Unrealized swap derivative gain arising during the period Reclassification adjustment for amortization to interest expense included in net income Other comprehensive income: Comprehensive income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 319,056 $ 8,676 327,732 308,960 $ 3,969 312,929 55,166 35,433 104,227 21,854 1,209 217,889 51,057 34,651 97,494 21,735 960 205,897 280,924 3,176 284,100 44,439 33,663 92,929 19,654 860 191,545 — 7,653 22,340 109,843 114,685 114,895 (73,189) 36,654 $ (59,225) 55,460 $ (57,535) 57,360 0.27 $ 0.42 $ 0.60 $ 0.56 $ 0.44 0.51 36,654 $ 55,460 $ 57,360 1,582 (1,005) 577 1,104 2,286 3,390 216 5,894 6,110 37,231 $ 58,850 $ 63,470 $ $ $ $ $ $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 61 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP Consolidated Statements of Partners’ Capital (In thousands, except unit data) Limited Partner’s Capital (1) ROIC Capital (2) Balance at December 31, 2020 OP Units issued under the Equity Incentive Plan OP Units withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of OP Units Stock based compensation expense Equity redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Issuance of OP Units in connection with sale of common stock Registration expenditures Cash distributions ($0.51 per unit) Distributions payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Other comprehensive income Balance at December 31, 2021 OP Units issued under the Equity Incentive Plan OP Units withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of OP Units Stock based compensation expense Equity redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Issuance of OP Units in connection with sale of common stock Registration expenditures Cash distributions ($0.56 per unit) Distributions payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Other comprehensive income Balance at December 31, 2022 OP Units issued under the Equity Incentive Plan OP Units withheld for employee taxes Cancellation of OP Units Stock based compensation expense Equity redemption of OP Units Adjustment to non-controlling interests ownership in Operating Partnership Issuance of OP Units in connection with sale of common stock Registration expenditures Cash distributions ($0.60 per unit) Distributions payable to officers Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Other comprehensive income Units 8,966,083 $ — — — — (423,986) — — — — — — — 8,542,097 $ 201,860 — — — (296,840) — — — — — — — 8,447,117 $ — — — — (1,010,000) — — — — — — — Balance at December 31, 2023 7,437,117 $ (1) Consists of limited partnership interests held by third parties. (2) Consists of general and limited partnership interests held by ROIC. Amount 92,279 — — — 1,295 (6,858) 3,625 — — (4,395) (118) 3,852 — 89,680 — — — — (5,071) 5,017 — — (4,788) — 3,591 — 88,429 — — — 1,813 (13,389) 1,680 — — (4,614) (185) 2,120 — 75,854 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income Capital Amount $ 1,208,365 $ (9,485) $ 1,291,159 428 (1,905) — 9,735 6,858 (3,625) 69,602 (918) (61,717) (283) 53,508 — — — — — — — — — — — — 6,110 428 (1,905) — 11,030 — — 69,602 (918) (66,112) (401) 57,360 6,110 Units 118,085,155 535,819 (142,247) (5,482) — 423,986 — 3,788,035 — — — — — 122,685,266 $ 1,280,048 $ (3,375) $ 1,366,353 406,106 (123,466) (14,148) — 296,840 — 1,288,213 — — — — — 302 (2,416) — 11,949 5,071 (5,017) 25,199 (799) (69,533) (519) 51,869 — 124,538,811 $ 1,296,154 $ 700,691 (220,282) (29,425) — 1,010,000 — 904,290 — — — — — 32 (3,291) — 10,899 13,389 (1,680) 12,828 (394) (75,450) (260) 34,534 — 126,904,085 $ 1,286,761 $ — — — — — — — — — — — 3,390 15 — — — — — — — — — — — 577 592 302 (2,416) — 11,949 — — 25,199 (799) (74,321) (519) 55,460 3,390 $ 1,384,598 32 (3,291) — 12,712 — — 12,828 (394) (80,064) (445) 36,654 577 $ 1,363,207 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 62 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization of deferred financing costs and mortgage discounts and premiums, net Straight-line rent adjustment Amortization of above-market and below-market rent Amortization relating to stock based compensation Provisions for tenant credit losses Other noncash interest (income) expense Gain on sale of real estate Change in operating assets and liabilities: Tenant and other receivables Prepaid expenses Accounts payable and accrued expenses Other assets and liabilities, net Net cash provided by operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Investments in real estate Proceeds from sale of real estate Improvements to properties Deposits on real estate acquisitions Proceeds on repayment of mortgage note receivable Net cash used in investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Principal repayments on mortgages Payments on term loan Proceeds from draws on credit facility Payments on credit facility Proceeds from issuance of Senior Notes Repayment of Senior Notes Deferred financing and other costs Proceeds from the issuance of OP Units in connection with issuance of common stock Registration expenditures Distributions to OP Unitholders Issuance of OP Units under the Equity Incentive Plan OP Units withheld for employee taxes Net cash used in financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ 36,654 $ 55,460 $ 57,360 104,227 3,920 (1,855) (11,172) 12,712 3,369 (15) — (5,453) 2,604 5,566 (3,079) 147,478 (21,758) — (49,625) 500 92 (70,791) (686) (100,000) 168,000 (181,000) 348,289 (250,000) (9,160) 12,828 (394) (60,346) 32 (3,291) (75,728) 959 7,459 97,494 2,559 (2,715) (11,947) 11,949 2,034 (57) (7,653) (1,976) (630) 1,242 3,263 149,023 (120,639) 34,435 (58,077) (500) 89 (144,692) (24,133) — 168,000 (80,000) — — — 25,199 (976) (98,211) 302 (2,416) (12,235) (7,904) 15,363 $ 8,418 $ 7,459 $ 92,929 2,383 (959) (8,795) 11,030 2,779 45 (22,340) (1,039) (597) 5,072 (1,536) 136,332 (125,490) 68,003 (46,242) — 84 (103,645) (716) — 30,000 (78,000) — — — 69,602 (740) (42,629) 428 (1,905) (23,960) 8,727 6,636 15,363 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2021 $ $ 6,302 2,116 8,418 $ $ 5,598 1,861 7,459 $ $ 13,218 2,145 15,363 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 63 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., a Maryland corporation (“ROIC”), is a fully integrated and self-managed real estate investment trust (“REIT”). ROIC specializes in the acquisition, ownership and management of necessity-based community and neighborhood shopping centers on the west coast of the United States, anchored by supermarkets and drugstores. ROIC is organized in a traditional umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (“UpREIT”) format pursuant to which Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, its wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the general partner of, and ROIC conducts substantially all of its business through, its operating partnership subsidiary, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), together with its subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the “Company”, “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company” refer to ROIC together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership. ROIC’s only material asset is its ownership of direct or indirect partnership interests in the Operating Partnership and membership interest in Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, which is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As a result, ROIC does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the parent company and issuing equity from time to time. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all the assets of the Company and directly or indirectly holds the ownership interests in the Company’s real estate ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the Company’s business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from equity issuances by ROIC, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership generates the capital required by the Company’s business through the Operating Partnership’s operations, by the Operating Partnership’s incurrence of indebtedness (directly and through subsidiaries) or through the issuance of operating partnership units (“OP Units”) of the Operating Partnership. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and those of its subsidiaries, which are wholly-owned or controlled by the Company. Entities which the Company does not control through its voting interest and entities which are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), but where it is not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for under the equity method. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company follows the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance for determining whether an entity is a VIE and requires the performance of a qualitative rather than a quantitative analysis to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Under this guidance, an entity would be required to consolidate a VIE if it has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The Company has concluded that the Operating Partnership is a VIE, and because they have both the power and the rights to control the Operating Partnership, they are the primary beneficiary and are required to continue to consolidate the Operating Partnership. A non-controlling interest in a consolidated subsidiary is defined as the portion of the equity (net assets) in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent. Non-controlling interests are required to be presented as a separate component of equity in the consolidated balance sheets and modify the presentation of net income by requiring earnings and other comprehensive income to be attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods covered by the financial statements. The most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the recoverability of assets to be held and used, purchase price allocations, depreciable lives, revenue recognition and the collectability of tenant receivables, other receivables, notes receivables, and the 64 valuation of performance-based restricted stock, LTIP Units (as defined below), and derivatives. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Federal Income Taxes The Company has elected to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Under those sections, a REIT that, among other things, distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains) and meets certain other qualifications prescribed by the Code, will not be taxed on that portion of its taxable income that is distributed. Although it may qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company is subject to state income or franchise taxes in certain states in which some of its properties are located. For all periods from inception through September 26, 2013 the Operating Partnership had been an entity disregarded from its sole owner, ROIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and as such had not been subject to U.S. federal income taxes. Effective September 27, 2013, the Operating Partnership issued OP Units in connection with the acquisitions of two shopping centers. Accordingly, the Operating Partnership ceased being a disregarded entity and instead is being treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company follows the FASB guidance that defines a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company records interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as interest expense. As of December 31, 2023, the statute of limitations for the tax years 2019 through and including 2022 remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and state taxing authorities. ROIC intends to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of its common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. ROIC intends to pay regular quarterly dividends to stockholders in an amount not less than its net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by its board of directors. Before ROIC pays any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, it must first meet both its operating requirements and its debt service on debt. If ROIC’s cash available for distribution is less than its net taxable income, it could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or it may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. The Company intends to continue to operate its business in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT, including maintaining compliance with taxable income distribution requirements. The following table sets forth the dividends declared per share of ROIC’s common stock and the tax status for U.S. federal income tax purposes of such dividends declared during the year ended December 31, 2023. Record Date Payable Date Total Distribution per Share Ordinary Income per Share Section 199A Dividends (1) 3/17/2023 6/16/2023 9/15/2023 12/15/2023 4/7/2023 7/7/2023 10/6/2023 1/5/2024 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 $0.1500 ______________________ (1) Represents dividends eligible for the 20% qualified business income deduction under Section 199A, and is included in “Ordinary Income per Share” Real Estate Investments All costs related to the improvement or replacement of real estate properties are capitalized. Additions, renovations and improvements that enhance and/or extend the useful life of a property are also capitalized. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance, repairs and improvements that do not materially prolong the normal useful life of an asset are charged to operations as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, capitalized costs related to the improvement or replacement of real estate properties were approximately $50.9 million and $55.1 million, respectively. 65 The Company evaluates each acquisition of real estate to determine if the acquired property meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. The Company first determines whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. If this threshold is met, the acquired property does not meet the definition of a business and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company expects that acquisitions of real estate properties will not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e. land, buildings, and related intangible assets). The Company recognizes the acquisition of real estate properties, including acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and improvements) and acquired intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of above-market and below-market leases and acquired in-place leases) at their relative fair value (for acquisitions not meeting the definition of a business) and fair value (for acquisitions meeting the definition of a business). The relative fair values used to allocate the cost of an asset acquisition are determined using the same methodologies and assumptions the Company utilizes to determine fair value in a business combination. Substantially all of the Company’s acquisitions are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Acquired lease intangible assets include above-market leases and acquired in-place leases, and Acquired lease intangible liabilities represent below-market leases, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, which value is then allocated to land, buildings and improvements based on management’s determination of the relative fair values of these assets. In valuing an acquired property’s intangibles, factors considered by management include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods and estimates of lost rental revenue during the expected lease-up periods based on management’s evaluation of current market demand. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases, including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related costs. Leasing commissions, legal and other related costs (“lease origination costs”) are classified as Deferred charges in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The value of in-place leases is measured by the excess of (i) the purchase price paid for a property after adjusting existing in-place leases to market rental rates, over (ii) the estimated fair value of the property as if it were vacant. Above-market and below-market lease values are recorded based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between the contractual amounts to be received and management’s estimate of market lease rates, measured over the terms of the respective leases that management deemed appropriate at the time of acquisition. Such valuations include a consideration of the non-cancellable terms of the respective leases as well as any applicable renewal periods. The fair values associated with below-market rental renewal options are determined based on the Company’s experience and the relevant facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the acquisitions. The value of the above-market and below-market leases associated with the original lease term and option periods, if applicable, is amortized to Rental revenue over the terms of the respective leases including option periods. The value of in-place leases is amortized to Depreciation expense over the remaining non-cancellable terms of the respective leases. If a lease were to be terminated prior to its stated expiration, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be recognized in operations at that time. The Company expenses transaction costs associated with business combinations and unsuccessful property asset acquisitions in the period incurred and capitalizes transaction costs associated with successful property asset acquisitions. In conjunction with the Company’s pursuit and acquisition of real estate investments, the Company did not expense any acquisition transaction costs during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. Sales of real estate are recognized only when it is determined that the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled, possession and other attributes of ownership have been transferred to the buyer and the Company has no controlling financial interest. The application of these criteria can be complex and requires the Company to make assumptions. Management has determined that all of these criteria were met for all real estate sold during the periods presented. Asset Impairment The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to aggregate future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceed the fair value. Management does not believe that the value of any of the Company’s real estate investments was impaired at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. 66 Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed the federally insured limit by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances. Restricted Cash The terms of the Company’s mortgage loans payable may require the Company to deposit certain replacement and other reserves with its lenders. Such “restricted cash” is generally available only for property-level requirements for which the reserves have been established and is not available to fund other property-level or Company-level obligations. Revenue Recognition and Collectability Management has determined that all of the Company’s leases with its various tenants are operating leases. Rental income is generally recognized based on the terms of leases entered into with tenants. In those instances in which the Company funds tenant improvements and the improvements are deemed to be owned by the Company, revenue recognition will commence when the improvements are substantially completed and possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant. When the Company determines that the tenant allowances are lease incentives, the Company commences revenue recognition and lease incentive amortization when possession or control of the space is turned over to the tenant for tenant work to begin. Minimum rental income from leases with scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Percentage rent is recognized when a specific tenant’s sales breakpoint is achieved. Each lease agreement is evaluated to identify the lease and nonlease components at lease inception. The Company combines lease and non-lease components into a single lease component presentation if (i) the timing and pattern of the revenue recognition of the combined single lease component is the same, and (ii) the related lease component and the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. As a result of this assessment, rental revenues and tenant recoveries from the lease of real estate assets are accounted for as a single component. Lease incentives are amortized as a reduction of rental revenue over the respective tenant lease terms. Termination fees (included in Other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income) are fees that the Company has agreed to accept in consideration for permitting certain tenants to terminate their lease prior to the contractual expiration date. The Company recognizes termination fees when the following conditions are met: (a) the termination agreement is executed; (b) the termination fee is determinable; (c) all landlord services pursuant to the terminated lease have been rendered; and (d) collectability of substantially all of the termination fee is probable. The Company also enters into lease settlement agreements to resolve disputes with tenants who have defaulted. Lease settlement fee income is recognized in Other income during the period in which the settlement occurs. Interest income is recognized as it is earned. Gains or losses on disposition of properties are recorded when the criteria for recognizing such gains or losses have been met. The Company must make estimates as to the collectability of its accounts receivable related to base rent, straight-line rent, expense reimbursements and other revenues. Management analyzes accounts receivable by considering tenant creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in tenants’ payment patterns when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. The Company also provides an allowance for future credit losses of the deferred straight-line rents receivable. The allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was approximately $17.4 million and $15.7 million, respectively. Depreciation and Amortization The Company uses the straight-line method for depreciation and amortization. Buildings are depreciated over estimated useful lives which the Company estimates to be 39 to 40 years. Property improvements are depreciated over estimated useful lives that range from 10 to 20 years. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over estimated useful lives that range from 3 to 10 years. Tenant improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the related leases or their useful life. Deferred Leasing and Financing Costs Costs incurred in obtaining tenant leases (principally leasing commissions and acquired lease origination costs) are amortized ratably over the life of the tenant leases. Costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing are amortized ratably over the related debt agreement. The amortization of deferred leasing and financing costs is included in Depreciation and amortization and 67 Interest expense and other finance expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The unamortized balances of deferred leasing costs included in deferred charges in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 that will be charged to future operations are as follows (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Concentration of Credit Risk Lease Origination Costs 3,956 $ 3,413 2,807 2,355 1,994 7,762 22,287 $ Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and tenant receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in excess of insured amounts with high quality financial institutions. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its tenants and requires tenants to provide security deposits. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes the impact of dilutive shares and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue shares of common stock were exercised or converted into shares of common stock and then shared in the earnings of the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, basic EPS was determined by dividing net income allocable to common stockholders for the applicable period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during such period. Net income during the applicable period is also allocated to the time-based unvested restricted stock as these grants are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends and are therefore considered a participating security. Time-based unvested restricted stock is not allocated net losses and/or any excess of dividends declared over net income; such amounts are allocated entirely to the common stockholders other than the holders of time-based unvested restricted stock. The performance-based restricted stock awards and LTIP Units (as defined below) outstanding under the Equity Incentive Plan described in Note 8 are excluded from the basic EPS calculation, as these units are not participating securities until they vest. 68 The following table sets forth the reconciliation between basic and diluted EPS for ROIC (in thousands, except share data): Numerator: Net income Less income attributable to non-controlling interests Less earnings allocated to participating securities Net income available for common stockholders, basic Numerator: Net income Less earnings allocated to participating securities Net income available for common stockholders, diluted Denominator: Denominator for basic EPS – weighted average common equivalent shares OP Units Performance-based restricted stock awards and LTIP Units Stock options Denominator for diluted EPS – weighted average common equivalent shares Earnings Per Unit Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ $ $ 36,654 $ (2,120) (455) 34,079 $ 36,654 $ (455) 36,199 $ 55,460 $ (3,591) (378) 51,491 $ 55,460 $ (378) 55,082 $ 57,360 (3,852) (355) 53,153 57,360 (355) 57,005 124,999,568 7,717,199 148,163 — 132,864,930 123,394,745 8,566,343 323,027 820 132,284,935 119,544,749 8,650,485 250,585 8,079 128,453,898 The following table sets forth the reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per unit for the Operating Partnership (in thousands, except unit data): Numerator: Net income Less earnings allocated to participating securities Net income available to unitholders, basic and diluted Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings per unit – weighted average common equivalent units Performance-based restricted stock awards and LTIP Units Stock options Denominator for diluted earnings per unit – weighted average common equivalent units Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 36,654 $ (455) 36,199 $ 55,460 $ (378) 55,082 $ 57,360 (355) 57,005 132,716,767 148,163 — 132,864,930 131,961,088 323,027 820 132,284,935 128,195,234 250,585 8,079 128,453,898 Stock-Based Compensation The Company has a stock-based employee compensation plan, which is more fully described in Note 8. The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation plan based on the FASB guidance which requires that compensation expense be recognized based on the fair value of the stock awards less forfeitures. Restricted stock grants vest based upon the completion of a service period (“time-based restricted stock grants”) and/or the Company meeting certain pre-established operational performance goals and market-indexed financial performance criteria (“performance-based restricted stock grants”). Accordingly, if such vesting criteria are not met, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Time- based restricted stock grants are valued according to the market price for the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. For performance-based restricted stock grants subject to market-indexed performance criteria, a Monte Carlo valuation model is used, taking into account the underlying contingency risks associated with the performance criteria. All other performance- 69 based restricted stock grants are valued according to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. It is the Company’s policy to grant options with an exercise price equal to the quoted closing market price of stock on the grant date. The Company has made certain separate awards in the form of units of limited partnership interests in its Operating Partnership called LTIP Units (“LTIP Units”). The LTIP Units are subject to such conditions and restrictions as the compensation committee may determine, including continued employment or service, achievement of pre-established operational performance goals and market-indexed performance criteria. For the LTIP Units subject to market- indexed performance criteria (the “marked-indexed LTIP Units”), a Monte Carlo valuation model is used, taking into account the underlying contingency risks associated with the performance criteria. All other LTIP Units (the “operational LTIP Units”) are valued according to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. Awards of stock options, time-based restricted stock grants, performance-based restricted stock subject to operational performance goals, and operational LTIP Units are expensed as compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Awards of performance-based restricted stock subject to market-indexed performance criteria and market-indexed LTIP Units are expensed as compensation under the accelerated attribution method and are recognized in income regardless of the results of the performance criteria. Derivatives The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. When the Company terminates a derivative for which cash flow hedging was being applied, the balance, which was recorded in Other comprehensive income, is amortized to interest expense over the remaining contractual term of the derivative as long as the hedged forecasted transactions continue to be probable of occurring. Amounts paid, or received, to cash settle interest rate derivatives prior to their maturity date are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) at the cash settlement amount, and are reclassified to Interest expense as interest expense is recognized on the hedged debt. The Company includes cash payments made to terminate interest rate derivatives as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows, given the nature of the underlying cash flows that the derivative was hedging. Segment Reporting The Company’s primary business is the ownership, management, and redevelopment of retail real estate properties. The Company reviews operating and financial information for each property on an individual basis and therefore, each property represents an individual operating segment. The Company evaluates financial performance using property operating income, defined as operating revenues (rental revenue and other income), less property and related expenses (property operating expenses and property taxes). The Company has aggregated the properties into one reportable segment as the properties share similar long-term economic characteristics and have other similarities including the fact that they are operated using consistent business strategies, are typically located in major metropolitan areas, and have similar tenant mixes. 70 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Supplemental Disclosures The following tables provides supplemental disclosures related to the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Supplemental disclosure of cash activities: Cash paid on gross receipts and income for federal and state purposes Interest paid Other non-cash investing and financing activities: Increase in intangible lease liabilities Increase in interest rate swap asset Decrease in interest rate swap liability Accrued real estate improvement costs Equity redemption of OP Units Dividends and distributions payable 2. Real Estate Investments Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 315 $ 63,192 $ — $ 592 $ — $ 5,372 $ 13,389 $ 21,011 $ 386 $ 56,642 $ 30,981 $ — $ (3,447) $ 3,670 $ 5,071 $ 849 $ 292 55,104 21,563 — (6,064) 7,122 6,858 24,219 The following real estate investment transactions occurred during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company evaluated the following acquisitions and determined that substantially all of the fair value related to each of the acquisitions was concentrated in single identifiable assets. The Company allocated the total consideration for the acquisitions to the individual assets and liabilities acquired on a relative fair value basis. All transaction costs incurred in the acquisitions were capitalized. Property Asset Acquisitions in 2023 On December 1, 2023, the Company acquired the property known as Foothill Plaza, located in La Verne, California, within the Los Angeles metropolitan area, for an adjusted purchase price of approximately $21.9 million. Foothill Plaza is approximately 65,000 square feet and is anchored by Sprouts Market. The property was acquired with cash on hand. Property Asset Acquisitions in 2022 During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired five properties with a total of approximately 502,000 square feet for a total adjusted purchase price of approximately $120.6 million. The financial information set forth below summarizes the Company’s purchase price allocation for property assets acquired during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Assets Land Building and improvements Acquired lease intangible asset Deferred charges Assets acquired Liabilities Acquired lease intangible liability Liabilities assumed December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 $ $ $ 8,748 $ 13,122 — — 21,870 $ — — $ 51,150 86,263 8,745 5,462 151,620 30,981 30,981 71 The following table summarizes the operating results included in the Company’s historical consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, for the property asset acquired during the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands): Statement of operations: Revenues Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ $ 163 93 The following table summarizes the operating results included in the Company’s historical consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, for property assets acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Statement of operations: Revenues Net income attributable to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Property Dispositions in 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ $ 6,450 2,261 During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold one property. The total sales price of approximately $36.2 million, less costs to sell, resulted in net proceeds of approximately $34.4 million. The Company recorded a gain on sale of real estate of approximately $7.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 related to this property disposition. The Company did not have any property dispositions during the year ended December 31, 2023. Any reference to square footage or occupancy is unaudited and outside the scope of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s audit of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with the standards of the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. 3. Acquired Lease Intangibles Intangible assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): Assets: In-place leases Accumulated amortization Above-market leases Accumulated amortization Acquired lease intangible assets, net Liabilities: Below-market leases Accumulated amortization Acquired lease intangible liabilities, net December 31, 2023 2022 $ $ $ $ 65,300 $ (29,084) 17,543 (10,968) 42,791 $ 191,294 $ (53,474) 137,820 $ 70,133 (27,405) 21,307 (11,607) 52,428 205,421 (53,304) 152,117 For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the net amortization of acquired lease intangible assets and acquired lease intangible liabilities for above- and below-market leases was $11.2 million, $11.9 million and $8.8 million, respectively, which amounts are included in Rental revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the amortization of in-place leases was $6.5 million, $5.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively, which amounts are included in Depreciation and amortization in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. 72 The scheduled future amortization of acquired lease intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total future amortization of acquired lease intangible assets The scheduled future amortization of acquired lease intangible liabilities as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total future amortization of acquired lease intangible liabilities 4. Tenant Leases $ $ $ $ 5,550 4,687 3,802 3,150 2,864 22,738 42,791 11,474 10,893 10,031 9,347 8,969 87,106 137,820 Space in the Company’s shopping centers is leased to various tenants under operating leases that usually grant tenants renewal options and generally provide for additional rents based on certain operating expenses as well as tenants’ sales volume. Future minimum rents to be received under non-cancellable leases as of December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands): Year Ending December 31: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total minimum lease payments $ $ 223,572 200,817 172,190 142,175 109,621 370,075 1,218,450 5. Mortgage Notes Payable, Credit Facilities and Senior Notes ROIC does not hold any indebtedness. All debt is held directly or indirectly by the Operating Partnership; however, ROIC has guaranteed the Operating Partnership’s unsecured term loan, unsecured revolving credit facility, carve-out guarantees on property-level debt, and the Senior Notes. Costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing are amortized ratably over the related debt agreement. The amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discounts is included in Interest expense and other finance expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. 73 Mortgage Notes Payable The mortgage notes payable collateralized by respective properties and assignment of leases at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were as follows (in thousands, except interest rates): Property Fullerton Crossroads Diamond Hills Plaza Unamortized mortgage premiums Net unamortized deferred financing costs Total mortgage notes payable Maturity Date Interest Rate 2023 2022 December 31, April 2024 October 2025 4.728 % 3.550 % $ 26,000 34,045 60,045 72 (65) 60,052 $ 26,000 34,731 60,731 288 (102) 60,917 The combined aggregate principal maturities of mortgage notes payable during the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands): 2024 2025 Thereafter Total Term Loan and Credit Facility Principal Repayments Scheduled Amortization Mortgage Premium $ $ 26,000 $ 32,787 — 58,787 $ 708 $ 550 — 1,258 $ 72 $ — — 72 $ Total 26,780 33,337 — 60,117 The carrying values of the Operating Partnership’s unsecured term loan (the “term loan”) were as follows (in thousands): Term loan Net unamortized deferred financing costs Term loan December 31, 2023 2022 $ $ 200,000 $ (255) 199,745 $ 300,000 (747) 299,253 The Operating Partnership has an unsecured term loan (the “term loan”) with several banks. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017, as amended (the “Term Loan Agreement”). Under the Term Loan Agreement, the lenders agreed to provide $300.0 million of unsecured borrowings. The maturity date of the term loan is January 20, 2025, without further options for extension. The Term Loan Agreement also provides that the Operating Partnership may from time to time request increased aggregate commitments of $200.0 million if certain conditions are met, including the consent of the lenders to the additional commitments. Under the Term Loan Agreement, Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) based loans bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR or Term SOFR plus an index adjustment of 0.10% plus an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 1.0%). Base Rate Loans bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.0%) plus the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the rate publicly announced by KeyBank National Association as its “prime rate,” and (iii) one month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. Capitalized terms used in this paragraph but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Term Loan Agreement. The Operating Partnership has an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “credit facility”) with several banks. Effective March 2, 2023, the Operating Partnership entered into a Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 8, 2017 (as amended, the “Credit Facility Agreement”). Under the Credit Facility Agreement, the Operating Partnership has borrowing capacity of up to $600.0 million. The maturity date under the Credit Facility Agreement is March 2, 2027, with two six-month extension options, which may be exercised by the Operating Partnership upon 74 satisfaction of certain conditions including the payment of extension fees. Additionally, the Credit Facility Agreement contains an accordion feature, which allows the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility Agreement up to an aggregate of $1.2 billion, subject to lender consents and other conditions. Under the Credit Facility Agreement, SOFR based loans bear interest at Daily Simple SOFR or Term SOFR plus an index adjustment of 0.10% plus an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.85%). Base Rate Loans and Swing Line Loans bear interest at a rate equal to an applicable rate based on the credit rating of the Company (currently 0.0%) plus the greater of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) the rate publicly announced by KeyBank National Association as its “prime rate,” and (iii) one month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. Capitalized terms used in this paragraph but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Credit Facility Agreement. Additionally, the Operating Partnership is obligated to pay a facility fee at a rate based on the credit rating level of the Company, currently 0.20%, and a fronting fee at a rate of 0.125% per year with respect to each letter of credit issued under the Credit Facility Agreement, of which the Operating Partnership had $150,000 outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The Company has investment grade credit ratings from Moody’s Investors Service (Baa2), S&P Global Ratings (BBB-) and Fitch Ratings (BBB). As of December 31, 2023, $75.0 million was outstanding under the credit facility, compared to $88.0 million outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The net unamortized deferred financing costs, which are included in Deferred charges, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, were approximately $5.0 million as of December 31, 2023 compared to approximately $1.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The weighted average interest rate on the term loan during the year ended December 31, 2023 was 6.1%. As discussed in Note 11 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company uses interest rate swaps to help manage its interest rate risk. Effective March 31, 2023, $150.0 million of the Company’s term loan was swapped at a blended interest rate of 5.4%. The weighted average interest rate on the credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2023 was 5.9%. The Company had no amounts available to borrow under the term loan at December 31, 2023. The Company had approximately $525.0 million available to borrow under the credit facility at December 31, 2023. Senior Notes The Operating Partnership issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2023 (the “Senior Notes Due 2028”), $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in December 2017 (the “Senior Notes Due 2027”), $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in September 2016 (the “Senior Notes Due 2026”), and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes in December 2014 (the “Senior Notes Due 2024” and collectively with the Senior Notes Due 2026, the Senior Notes Due 2027 and the Senior Notes Due 2028, the “Senior Notes”). The key terms of the Operating Partnership’s Senior Notes are as follows: Senior Notes Senior Notes Due 2028 Senior Notes Due 2027 Senior Notes Due 2026 Senior Notes Due 2024 $ $ $ $ Aggregate Principal Amount (in thousands) Issue Date and Interest Accrual Date Maturity Date Contractual Interest Rate First Interest Payment 350,000 September 21, 2023 October 15, 2028 6.75 % April 15, 2024 250,000 December 15, 2017 December 15, 2027 4.19 % June 15, 2018 200,000 September 22, 2016 September 22, 2026 3.95 % March 22, 2017 250,000 December 3, 2014 December 15, 2024 4.00 % June 15, 2015 Interest Payments Due April 15 and October 15 June 15 and December 15 March 22 and September 22 June 15 and December 15 On September 21, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed a registered underwritten public offering of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due 2028. Proceeds from the Senior Notes Due 2028 were used to pay down $100.0 million of borrowings under the term loan on September 21, 2023. The remaining proceeds from this offering, along with borrowings under the credit facility, were used for the repayment of the Operating Partnership’s $250.0 million Senior Notes Due 2023 on December 15, 2023. 75 The Operating Partnership completed registered underwritten public offerings for the Senior Notes Due 2028 and the Senior Notes Due 2024 and completed private placements for the Senior Notes Due 2027 and the Senior Notes Due 2026. The Senior Notes are the Operating Partnership’s senior unsecured obligations that rank equally in right of payment with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured indebtedness, and effectively junior to (i) all of the indebtedness and other liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, and any preferred equity of the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries, and (ii) all of the Operating Partnership’s indebtedness that is secured by its assets, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness outstanding. ROIC fully and unconditionally guarantees the Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Senior Notes on a senior unsecured basis, including the due and punctual payment of principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, the notes, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration, notice of redemption or otherwise. ROIC’s guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of ROIC and rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of ROIC. ROIC’s guarantees of the Senior Notes are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, and any preferred equity of ROIC’s subsidiaries (including the Operating Partnership and any entity ROIC accounts for under the equity method of accounting). The carrying value of the Operating Partnership’s Senior Notes are as follows (in thousands): Principal amount Unamortized debt discount Net unamortized deferred financing costs Senior Notes December 31, 2023 2022 $ $ 1,050,000 $ (2,033) (4,374) 1,043,593 $ 950,000 (1,304) (1,847) 946,849 The combined aggregate principal maturities of the Operating Partnership’s unsecured senior notes payable during the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Principal Repayments 250,000 $ — 200,000 250,000 350,000 — 1,050,000 $ 76 Deferred Financing Costs and Debt Discounts The unamortized balances of deferred financing costs and discounts associated with the term loan, Senior Notes Due 2028, Senior Notes Due 2027, Senior Notes Due 2026, Senior Notes Due 2024, and mortgage notes payable, included as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt instrument in the consolidated balance sheets, and the unamortized balances of deferred financing costs associated with the credit facility, included in Deferred charges, net in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 that will be charged to future operations during the next five years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total Financing Costs 3,703 2,873 2,836 1,479 843 — 11,734 $ $ The Operating Partnership’s debt agreements contain customary representations, financial and other covenants, and its ability to borrow under these agreements is subject to its compliance with financial covenants and other restrictions on an ongoing basis. The Operating Partnership was in compliance with such covenants at December 31, 2023. 6. Preferred Stock of ROIC ROIC is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding. 7. Common Stock of ROIC ATM On February 20, 2020, ROIC entered into an “at the market” sales agreement, as amended on April 27, 2022 (the “Sales Agreement”), with each of (i) KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BTIG, LLC, BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Capital One Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Regions Securities LLC, Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (collectively, the “Agents”) and (ii) the Forward Purchasers (as defined below), pursuant to which ROIC may sell, from time to time, shares (any such shares, the “Primary Shares”) of ROIC’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), to or through the Agents and instruct certain of the Agents, acting as forward sellers (the “Forward Sellers”), to offer and sell borrowed shares (any such shares, “Forward Hedge Shares,” and collectively with the Primary Shares, the “Shares”) with the Shares to be sold under the Sales Agreement having an aggregate offering price of up to $500.0 million. The Sales Agreement contemplates that, in addition to the issuance and sale of Primary Shares to or through the Agents as principal or its sales agents, ROIC may enter into separate forward sale agreements with any of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Jefferies LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC or their respective affiliates (in such capacity, the “Forward Purchasers”). If ROIC enters into a forward sale agreement with any Forward Purchaser, ROIC expects that such Forward Purchaser or its affiliate will borrow from third parties and, through the relevant Forward Seller, sell a number of Forward Hedge Shares equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement, in accordance with the mutually accepted instructions related to such forward sale agreement. ROIC will not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of Forward Hedge Shares through a Forward Seller. ROIC expects to fully physically settle each particular forward sale agreement with the relevant Forward Purchaser on one or more dates specified by ROIC on or prior to the maturity date of that particular forward sale agreement by issuing shares of Common Stock (the “Confirmation Shares”), in which case ROIC expects to receive aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement equal to the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the particular forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, ROIC may also elect to cash settle or net share settle a particular forward sale agreement, in which case ROIC may not receive any proceeds from the 77 issuance of shares of Common Stock, and ROIC will instead receive or pay cash (in the case of cash settlement) or receive or deliver shares of Common Stock (in the case of net share settlement). For both the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC sold a total of 904,290 shares under the Sales Agreement, which resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $12.8 million and commissions of approximately $128,000 paid to the Agents. Stock Repurchase Program On July 31, 2013, ROIC’s board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to a maximum of $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock under this program. 8. Stock Compensation and Other Benefit Plans for ROIC ROIC follows the FASB guidance related to stock compensation which establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for stock-based employee compensation plans, including all arrangements by which employees receive shares of stock or other equity instruments of the employer, or the employer incurs liabilities to employees in amounts based on the price of the employer’s stock. The guidance also defines a fair value-based method of accounting for an employee stock option or similar equity instrument. On April 25, 2022, the Company adopted the Company’s Second Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”) that amended and restated the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Prior Plan”). The types of awards that may be granted under the Equity Incentive Plan include stock options, restricted shares, share appreciation rights, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards. The Equity Incentive Plan has a fungible unit system that counts the number of shares of the Company’s common stock used in the issuance of full-value awards, such as restricted shares and LTIP Units, differently than the number of shares of common stock used in the issuance of stock options. A total of 10,954,694 Fungible Units (as defined in the Equity Incentive Plan) are reserved for grant under the Equity Incentive Plan. The 10,954,694 Fungible Units represent a maximum of 5,002,143 shares of the Company’s common stock that could be granted pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan as full-value awards, such as restricted shares, based on the 2.19 to 1.0 Fungible Unit-to-full-value award conversion ratio. A maximum of 10,954,694 shares of the Company’s common stock may be issued pursuant to the Equity Incentive Plan if all grants made under the Equity Incentive Plan are granted as stock options, based on a 1.0 to 1.0 Fungible Unit-to-stock option award conversion ratio. The Equity Incentive Plan will expire on April 25, 2032. The Company has made, under both the Equity Incentive Plan and the Prior Plan, certain awards in the form of a separate series of units of limited partnership interests in its Operating Partnership called LTIP Units. LTIP Units can be granted either as free-standing awards or in tandem with other awards under the Equity Incentive Plan. The LTIP Units are subject to such conditions and restrictions as the compensation committee may determine, including continued employment or service, achievement of pre-established operational performance goals and market-indexed performance criteria. Upon the occurrence of specified events and subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting conditions, LTIP Units (after conversion into OP Units, in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) are ultimately redeemable for cash or at ROIC’s option, for shares of ROIC common stock on a one-for-one basis. Restricted Stock During the year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC awarded 505,953 shares of time-based restricted common stock under the Equity Incentive Plan. 78 A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2023, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2023 are presented below: Non-vested as of December 31, 2022 Vested Granted Forfeited Non-vested as of December 31, 2023 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Shares 1,310,598 $ (649,161) $ 505,953 $ (29,425) $ 1,137,965 $ 17.85 17.22 14.56 14.43 16.74 As of December 31, 2023, there remained a total of approximately $7.6 million of unrecognized restricted stock compensation expense related to outstanding non-vested restricted stock grants awarded under the Prior Plan. Restricted stock compensation is expected to be expensed over a remaining weighted average period of 1.5 years (irrespective of achievement of the performance conditions). The total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $9.7 million, $7.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively. LTIP Units During the year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC awarded 245,972 LTIP Units under the Equity Incentive Plan. The LTIP Units vest based on both pre- defined operational and market-indexed performance criteria with a vesting date on January 1, 2026. The LTIP Units were issued at a weighted average grant date fair value of $14.97. Vested LTIP Units, after achieving parity with OP Units (as described in the Operating Partnership’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (the “Partnership Agreement”)), are eligible to be converted into OP Units on a one-for-one basis upon the satisfaction of conditions set forth in the Partnership Agreement. Upon conversion of LTIP Units into OP Units, holders are able to redeem their OP Units for cash or, at ROIC’s option, for shares of ROIC common stock on a one-for-one basis. As of December 31, 2023, there remained a total of approximately $3.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding non-vested LTIPs awarded under the Equity Incentive Plan. LTIP Unit compensation is expected to be expensed over a remaining weighted average period of 2.0 years. Stock Based Compensation Expense For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the amounts charged to expense for all stock based compensation arrangements totaled approximately $12.7 million, $11.9 million and $11.0 million, respectively. Profit Sharing and Savings Plan During 2011, the Company established a profit sharing and savings plan (the “401K Plan”), which permits eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation in accordance with the Code. Under the 401K Plan, the Company made matching contributions on behalf of eligible employees. The Company made contributions to the 401K Plan of approximately $103,000, $97,000 and $95,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 9. Capital of the Operating Partnership As of December 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership had 134,341,202 OP Units outstanding. ROIC owned an approximate 94.4% partnership interest in the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2023, or 126,904,085 OP Units. The remaining 7,437,117 OP Units are owned by other limited partners. A share of ROIC’s common stock and an OP Unit have essentially the same economic characteristics as they share equally in the total net income or loss and distributions of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2023, subject to certain exceptions, holders are able to redeem their OP Units for cash or, at ROIC’s option, for shares of ROIC common stock on a one-for-one basis. If cash is paid in the redemption, the redemption price is equal to the average closing price on the NASDAQ Stock Market for shares of ROIC’s common stock over the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date a redemption notice is received by ROIC. 79 During the year ended December 31, 2023, ROIC received notices of redemption for a total of 1,010,000 OP Units. ROIC elected to redeem the 1,010,000 OP Units for shares of ROIC common stock on a one-for-one basis, and accordingly, 1,010,000 shares of ROIC common stock were issued. The redemption value of outstanding OP Units owned by the limited partners as of December 31, 2023, not including ROIC, had such units been redeemed at December 31, 2023, was approximately $104.3 million, calculated based on the average closing price of ROIC’s common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market for the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding December 31, 2023, which amounted to $14.02 per share. Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, ROIC’s wholly-owned subsidiary, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, and as the parent company, ROIC has the full and complete authority over the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management and control. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, ROIC effectively controls the ability to issue common stock of ROIC upon redemption of any OP Units. The redemption provisions that permit ROIC to settle the redemption of OP Units in either cash or common stock, in the sole discretion of ROIC, are further evaluated in accordance with applicable accounting guidance to determine whether temporary or permanent equity classification on the balance sheet is appropriate. The Company evaluated this guidance, including the ability, in its sole discretion, to settle in unregistered shares of common stock, and determined that the OP Units meet the requirements to qualify for presentation as permanent equity. 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company follows the FASB guidance that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance applies to reported balances that are required or permitted to be measured at fair value under existing accounting pronouncements; accordingly, the standard does not require any new fair value measurements of reported balances. The guidance emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy). Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The following disclosures of estimated fair value were determined by management, using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies as discussed in Note 1. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts realizable upon disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant and other receivables, deposits, prepaid expenses, other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying values of the term loan and credit facility are deemed to be at fair value since the outstanding debt is directly tied to monthly SOFR contracts. The fair value of the outstanding Senior Notes Due 2028 and Senior Notes Due 2024 as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $368.0 million and $246.5 million, respectively, based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data, or Level 2. The fair value of the outstanding Senior Notes Due 2027 and Senior Notes Due 2026 as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $230.1 million and $187.5 million, respectively, calculated 80 using significant inputs which are not observable in the market, or Level 3. Assumed mortgage notes payable were recorded at their fair value at the time they were assumed. The Company’s outstanding mortgage notes payable were estimated to have a fair value of approximately $59.3 million with a weighted average interest rate of 7.5% as of December 31, 2023. These fair value measurements fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. 11. Derivative and Hedging Activities The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The following is a summary of the terms of the Company’s current interest rate swaps as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands): Swap Counterparty Wells Fargo U.S. Bank Notional Amount Effective Date Maturity Date $ $ 100,000 50,000 3/31/2023 3/31/2023 8/31/2024 8/31/2024 The changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, and implied volatilities. The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The Company incorporated credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own non-performance risk and the respective counterparties’ non- performance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contract for the effect of non-performance risk, the Company considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2023, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuation in its entirety is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. 81 The table below presents the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (in thousands): Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total December 31, 2023: Assets Derivative financial instruments $ — $ 592 $ — $ 592 During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that approximately $592,000 will be reclassified as a non-cash decrease to interest expense related to the Company’s two outstanding swap arrangements. The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively (in thousands): Derivatives designed as hedging instruments Interest rate products Balance sheet location Other assets $ December 31, 2023 Fair Value December 31, 2022 Fair Value 592 $ — Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships The table below details the location in the financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively (in thousands): Amount of gain recognized in OCI on derivatives Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from AOCI into interest 12. Commitments and Contingencies Year Ended December 31, 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 1,582 $ (1,005) $ 1,104 $ 2,286 $ 216 5,894 In the normal course of business, from time to time, the Company is involved in legal actions relating to the ownership and operations of its properties. In management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, that ultimately may result from such legal actions are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity of the Company. The Company has signed several ground leases in which the Company is the lessee for the land beneath all or a portion of the buildings for certain properties. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s net lease liability of approximately $16.4 million, which is included in Other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and related net right-to-use asset of approximately $14.7 million, which is included in Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, represents all operating leases in which the Company is a lessee. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s weighted average remaining lease term is approximately 35.2 years and the weighted average discount rate used to calculate the Company’s lease liability is approximately 5.2%. Rent expense under the Company’s ground leases was approximately $1.8 million, $1.7 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. 82 The following table represents a reconciliation of the Company’s undiscounted future minimum annual lease payments under operating leases to the lease liability as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments Future minimum lease payments, discount Lease liability Tax Protection Agreements Operating Leases 1,364 1,369 1,389 1,417 1,446 27,596 34,581 (18,159) 16,422 $ $ In connection with certain acquisitions from September 2013 through March 2017, the Company entered into Tax Protection Agreements with certain limited partners of the Operating Partnership. The Tax Protection Agreements require the Company, subject to certain exceptions, to indemnify the respective sellers receiving OP Units against certain tax liabilities incurred by them, as calculated pursuant to the respective Tax Protection Agreements, for a period of 12 years (with respect to Tax Protection Agreements entered into in September 2013), or 10 years (with respect to Tax Protection Agreements entered into from December 2014 through March 2017) from the date of the Tax Protection Agreements. In the unlikely event that the Company were to trigger the tax protection provisions under these agreements, the Company would be required to pay damages in the amount of the taxes owed by these limited partners (plus additional damages in the amount of the taxes incurred as a result of such payment). 13. Related Party Transactions The Company has entered into several lease agreements with an officer of the Company, whereby pursuant to the lease agreements, the Company is provided the use of storage space. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company incurred approximately $96,000, $95,000 and $85,000, respectively, of expenses relating to the agreements which were included in General and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. 14. Subsequent Events On February 13, 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend on its common stock and a distribution on the Operating Partnership’s OP Units of $0.15 per share and per OP Unit, payable on April 5, 2024 to holders of record on March 15, 2024. 83 SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION December 31, 2023 (in thousands) Initial Cost to Company Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period Description and Location Encumbrances Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Total (a) Accumulated Depreciation (b) (1) Date of Acquisition $ — $ — — — — — 6,347 $ 7,895 1,881 3,087 6,359 11,678 10,274 $ 9,890 4,795 12,397 6,927 27,011 930 $ — — — — — 1,456 $ 3,733 1,633 (321) 869 4,889 7,277 $ 7,895 1,881 3,087 6,359 11,678 11,730 $ 13,623 6,428 12,076 7,796 31,900 19,007 $ 21,518 8,309 15,163 14,155 43,578 5,045 5,244 3,073 4,480 3,300 12,680 3,692 7,356 3,162 5,217 10,974 7,043 6,300 10,527 13,841 9,490 6,273 6,424 12/22/2009 1/26/2010 2/1/2010 3/16/2010 4/8/2010 7/14/2010 8/20/2010 9/23/2010 9/23/2010 9/30/2010 12/16/2010 12/22/2010 12/22/2010 1/3/2011 1/6/2011 2/17/2011 8/3/2011 7/8/2011 3,486 2,181 4,439 552 1,270 5,950 7,985 8,115 10,780 8,343 3,433 1,200 8,853 6,595 6,158 3,747 5,917 3,714 — 13,429 14,288 8,960 8,640 6,487 11,218 19,580 5,458 12,136 28,568 14,277 15,758 30,366 47,345 27,104 17,281 18,541 20,071 26,175 11,616 15,883 34,485 17,991 15,758 43,795 61,633 36,064 25,921 25,028 8,531 9,352 24,447 33,799 10,264 7/29/2011 4,277 3,336 4,589 1,071 1,633 4,289 3,389 (80) 2,063 1,440 14,850 2,172 129 13,147 5,334 5,693 — 6,242 8,815 5,098 5,329 5,859 4,181 5,529 14,965 15,614 16,392 16,506 24,971 24,202 22,142 24,533 8,430 21,453 7,801 8,678 17,457 16,297 32,012 13,991 13,754 23,674 30,305 29,895 22,142 30,775 17,245 26,551 13,130 14,537 21,638 21,826 46,977 29,605 30,146 40,180 8,876 8,552 8,983 8,282 3,551 6,699 1,772 2,956 5,483 5,364 9,665 4,778 4,229 4,540 9/8/2011 9/30/2011 11/23/2011 2/16/2012 5/4/2012 5/31/2012 7/24/2012 8/1/2012 2010/2012 10/5/2012 11/8/2012 12/7/2012 12/28/2012 12/28/2012 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8,853 6,595 5,975 3,747 5,917 3,706 — 13,420 14,288 8,517 8,640 6,487 9,352 5,334 5,693 — 6,242 8,815 5,098 5,329 5,847 4,181 5,454 14,965 15,480 16,242 16,506 7,732 17,399 1,019 11,584 27,298 8,327 7,773 22,251 36,565 18,761 13,848 17,341 15,916 20,694 20,866 17,553 23,462 6,797 17,164 4,412 8,758 15,394 14,857 17,162 11,819 13,625 10,527 — — 183 — — 8 — 9 — 443 — — — — — — — — — — 12 — 75 — 134 150 — 84 Paramount Plaza, CA Santa Ana Downtown Plaza, CA Meridian Valley Plaza, WA The Market at Lake Stevens, WA Pleasant Hill Marketplace, CA Happy Valley Town Center, OR Cascade Summit Town Square, OR Heritage Market Center, WA Claremont Promenade, CA Sycamore Creek, CA Gateway Village, CA Division Crossing, OR (2) Halsey Crossing, OR Marketplace Del Rio, CA Pinole Vista Shopping Center, CA Desert Springs Marketplace, CA Renaissance Towne Centre, CA Country Club Gate Center, CA Canyon Park Shopping Center, WA Hawks Prairie Shopping Center, WA The Kress Building, WA Hillsboro Market Center, OR Gateway Shopping Center, WA Marlin Cove Shopping Center, CA Seabridge Marketplace, CA The Village at Novato, CA Glendora Shopping Center, CA Wilsonville Old Town Square, OR Bay Plaza, CA Santa Teresa Village, CA Cypress Center West, CA Redondo Beach Plaza, CA Harbor Place Center, CA (2) (2)  Description and Location Encumbrances Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Total (a) Accumulated Depreciation (b) (1) Date of Acquisition Initial Cost to Company Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period (2) Diamond Bar Town Center, CA Bernardo Heights Plaza, CA Canyon Crossing, WA Diamond Hills Plaza, CA Granada Shopping Center, CA Hawthorne Crossings, CA Robinwood Shopping Center, OR 5 Points Plaza, CA Crossroads Shopping Center, WA Peninsula Marketplace, CA Country Club Village, CA (2) Plaza de la Canada, CA Tigard Marketplace, OR Creekside Plaza, CA North Park Plaza, CA Fallbrook Shopping Center, CA Moorpark Town Center, CA Mission Foothill Marketplace Pads, CA Wilsonville Town Center, OR Park Oaks Shopping Center, CA Ontario Plaza, CA Winston Manor, CA Jackson Square, CA Tigard Promenade, OR Sunnyside Village Square, OR Gateway Centre, CA Johnson Creek Center, OR Iron Horse Plaza, CA Bellevue Marketplace, WA Four Corner Square, WA Warner Plaza, CA Magnolia Shopping Center, CA Casitas Plaza Shopping Center, CA Bouquet Center, CA North Ranch Shopping Center, CA Monterey Center, CA Rose City Center, OR (2) (2) — — — 34,045 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9,540 3,192 7,941 15,458 3,673 10,383 3,997 17,920 68,366 14,730 9,986 10,351 13,520 14,807 13,593 21,232 7,063 3,996 10,334 8,527 9,825 10,018 6,886 9,844 4,428 16,275 9,009 8,187 10,488 9,926 16,104 12,501 10,734 10,040 31,522 1,073 3,637 16,795 8,940 24,659 29,353 13,459 29,277 11,317 36,965 67,756 19,214 26,579 24,819 9,603 29,476 17,733 186,197 19,694 11,051 27,101 38,064 26,635 9,762 24,558 10,843 13,324 28,308 22,534 39,654 39,119 31,415 60,188 27,040 22,040 48,362 95,916 10,609 10,301 3 — — — — — 18 — — — — — — — — 83 — 14 — — — — — — — — — 11 — 38 — 250 — 37 — — — 85 4,534 873 2,288 4,309 6,771 513 780 7,433 44,835 1,470 1,285 1,424 243 8,302 3,796 8,718 770 884 1,426 612 1,043 2,290 995 389 2,541 3,949 1,081 2,765 11,084 (6) 12,742 2,073 1,703 911 4,750 746 (105) 9,543 3,192 7,941 15,458 3,673 10,383 4,015 17,920 68,366 14,730 9,986 10,351 13,520 14,807 13,593 21,315 7,063 4,010 10,334 8,527 9,825 10,018 6,886 9,844 4,428 16,275 9,009 8,198 10,488 9,964 16,104 12,751 10,734 10,077 31,522 1,073 3,637 21,329 9,813 26,947 33,662 20,230 29,790 12,097 44,398 112,591 20,684 27,864 26,243 9,846 37,778 21,529 194,915 20,464 11,935 28,527 38,676 27,678 12,052 25,553 11,232 15,865 32,257 23,615 42,419 50,203 31,409 72,930 29,113 23,743 49,273 30,872 13,005 34,888 49,120 23,903 40,173 16,112 62,318 180,957 35,414 37,850 36,594 23,366 52,585 35,122 216,230 27,527 15,945 38,861 47,203 37,503 22,070 32,439 21,076 20,293 48,532 32,624 50,617 60,691 41,373 89,034 41,864 34,477 59,350 100,666 11,355 10,196 132,188 12,428 13,833 8,683 3,396 10,038 9,684 4,260 8,906 3,744 12,785 32,303 6,044 8,314 7,714 3,631 10,595 6,017 53,208 5,455 2,831 7,903 10,186 7,814 3,456 6,611 2,795 4,871 7,799 5,986 10,212 12,096 7,634 17,511 6,987 5,440 10,691 20,950 2,590 2,130 2/1/2013 2/6/2013 4/15/2013 4/22/2013 6/27/2013 6/27/2013 8/23/2013 9/27/2013 2010/2013 11/1/2013 11/26/2013 12/13/2013 2/18/2014 2/28/2014 4/30/2014 6/13/2014 12/4/2014 12/4/2014 12/11/2014 1/6/2015 1/6/2015 1/7/2015 7/1/2015 7/28/2015 7/28/2015 9/1/2015 11/9/2015 12/4/2015 12/10/2015 12/21/2015 12/31/2015 3/10/2016 3/10/2016 4/28/2016 6/1/2016 7/14/2016 9/15/2016  Description and Location Encumbrances Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Land Building & Improvements Total (a) Accumulated Depreciation (b) (1) Date of Acquisition Initial Cost to Company Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition Amount at Which Carried at Close of Period (2) The Knolls, CA Bridle Trails Shopping Center, WA Torrey Hills Corporate Center, CA PCC Community Markets Plaza, WA The Terraces, CA Santa Rosa Southside Shopping Center, CA Division Center, OR Highland Hill Shopping Center, WA Monta Loma Plaza, CA Fullerton Crossroads, CA Riverstone Marketplace, WA North Lynnwood Shopping Center, WA The Village at Nellie Gail Ranch, CA Stadium Center, WA King City Plaza, OR Summerwalk Village, WA Canyon Creek Plaza, CA Palomar Village, CA South Point Plaza, WA Olympia West Center, WA Powell Valley Junction, OR Olympia Square North, WA Village Oaks Shopping Center, CA Thomas Lake Shopping Center, WA Ballinger Village, WA Foothill Plaza, CA Total — — — — — — — — — 26,000 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9,726 11,534 5,579 1,856 18,378 5,595 6,912 10,511 18,226 28,512 5,113 4,955 22,730 1,699 5,161 4,312 13,067 9,642 18,465 5,714 6,335 6,005 10,757 16,383 11,699 8,748 18,299 20,700 3,915 6,914 37,103 24,453 26,098 37,825 11,113 45,419 27,594 10,335 22,578 17,229 10,072 7,567 13,455 26,925 25,491 18,378 15,685 15,999 19,626 18,685 16,268 13,122 — — — — — — — 70 — — — 21 — 74 — — — — 3 — — — — — 35 — 155 9,726 18,454 28,180 4,068 10/3/2016 9,721 11,534 30,421 41,955 7,571 10/17/2016 135 5,579 4,050 9,629 936 12/6/2016 7 1,748 1,856 18,378 12,088 8,921 2,979 205 1,532 598 5,595 6,912 10,581 18,226 28,512 5,113 6,921 38,851 36,541 35,019 40,804 11,318 46,951 28,192 8,777 57,229 42,136 41,931 51,385 29,544 75,463 33,305 1,559 8,092 6,847 6,205 7,371 2,156 8,933 5,104 1/25/2017 3/17/2017 3/24/2017 4/5/2017 5/9/2017 9/19/2017 10/11/2017 10/11/2017 5,368 4,976 15,703 20,679 3,291 10/19/2017 2,131 91 1,385 3,157 50 1,325 1,093 (67) 1,629 (6) 22,730 1,773 5,161 4,312 13,067 9,642 18,468 5,714 6,335 6,005 24,709 17,320 11,457 10,724 13,505 28,250 26,584 18,311 17,314 15,993 47,439 19,093 16,618 15,036 26,572 37,892 45,052 24,025 23,649 21,998 4,969 2,737 1,812 1,349 1,348 2,341 2,385 1,311 930 893 11/30/2017 2/23/2018 5/18/2018 12/13/2019 9/1/2021 10/12/2021 11/10/2021 12/6/2021 4/1/2022 4/1/2022 455 10,757 20,081 30,838 1,085 5/17/2022 (258) 1,453 — 16,383 11,734 8,748 18,427 17,721 13,122 34,810 29,455 21,870 927 910 28 8/19/2022 8/19/2022 12/1/2023 $ 60,045 $ 964,650 $ 2,159,706 $ 2,601 $ 340,941 $ 967,251 $ 2,500,647 $ 3,467,898 $ 654,543 86 a. RECONCILIATION OF REAL ESTATE – OWNED SUBJECT TO OPERATING LEASES (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period: Property improvements during the year Properties acquired during the year Properties sold during the year Assets written off during the year Balance at end of period: 2023 2021 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ 3,411,093 $ 3,266,155 $ 3,156,552 48,570 136,105 (61,491) (13,581) $ 3,467,898 $ 3,411,093 $ 3,266,155 55,086 134,706 (30,995) (13,859) 50,850 21,870 — (15,915) b. RECONCILIATION OF ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period: Depreciation expenses Properties sold during the year Property assets fully depreciated and written off Balance at end of period: $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2022 510,836 $ 86,354 (4,112) (14,485) 578,593 $ 2023 578,593 $ 92,040 — (16,090) 654,543 $ 2021 460,165 82,957 (18,476) (13,810) 510,836 (1) Depreciation and investments in building and improvements reflected in the consolidated statements of operations is calculated over the estimated useful life of the assets as follows: Building: 39-40 years Property Improvements: 10-20 years (2) Property, or a portion thereof, is subject to a ground lease. (3) The aggregate cost for Federal Income Tax Purposes for real estate was approximately $3.2 billion at December 31, 2023. 87 SCHEDULE IV – MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE December 31, 2023 (in thousands) a. RECONCILIATION OF MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period: Repayments on mortgage note receivable Balance at end of period: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 4,786 $ (92) 4,694 $ 4,875 $ (89) 4,786 $ 4,959 (84) 4,875 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures (Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.) ROIC maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, ROIC’s management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and its management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. ROIC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, based on their evaluation of ROIC’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15, have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, ROIC’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and disclosure of information relating to ROIC that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was no change in ROIC’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, ROIC’s internal control over financial reporting. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures (Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP) The Operating Partnership maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, the Operating Partnership’s management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and its management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, based on their evaluation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15, have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to give reasonable assurances to the timely collection, evaluation and disclosure of information relating to the Operating Partnership that would potentially be subject to disclosure under the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 88 During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was no change in the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.) Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of ROIC’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, ROIC conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, Management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears on page 53 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP) Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of ROIC, the Operating Partnership conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, Management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting There was no change in ROIC’s or the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a- 15(f)) that occurred during its most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance PART III Information required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023. 89 Item 11. Executive Compensation Information required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Information required by this Item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2023. Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule (a)(1) and (2) Financial Statements and Schedule PART IV Please refer to the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. (a)(3) Exhibits 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 Articles of Merger, by and between Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., a Delaware corporation, and Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., a Maryland corporation, as survivor, dated as of June 1, 2011 (2) Articles of Amendment and Restatement (2) Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (22) Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC as general partner, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and the other limited partners thereto, dated as of September 27, 2013 (4) Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity (8) Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of December 4, 2015 Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity (8) Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of December 10, 2015 Fourth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity (8) Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of December 31, 2015 Fifth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of March 10, 2016 (9) Sixth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of March 24, 2017 (12) Seventh Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, dated as of October 11, 2017 (14) Specimen Unit Certificate (1) Specimen Common Stock Certificate (1) Indenture, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, dated as of December 9, 2013 (5) 90 4.4 4.5 4.6* 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 Second Supplemental Indenture, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (including Form of 4.000% Senior Notes due 2024 of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, guaranteed by Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.), dated as of December 3, 2014 (6) Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 21, 2023, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as successor to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (including Form of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2028) (26) Description of Securities 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (1) Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (17) Second Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (21) Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (1) Form of Option Award Agreement under 2009 Equity Incentive Plan and Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (1) Letter Agreement, by and between Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Richard A. Baker, dated as of April 2, 2012 (3) Letter Agreement, by and between Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Lauren N. Silveira, dated May 10, 2023 (24) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partners identified therein, dated as of September 27, 2013 (4) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partners identified therein, dated as of September 27, 2013 (4) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partners identified therein, dated as of December 11, 2014 (7) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partners identified therein, dated as of December 4, 2015 (8) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partners identified therein, dated as of December 10, 2015 (8) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partner identified therein, dated as of December 31, 2015 (8) Tax Protection Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the protected partner identified therein, dated as of March 10, 2016 (9) Employment Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2017, by and between the Company and Stuart A. Tanz (11) Employment Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2017, by and between the Company and Richard K. Schoebel (11) Employment Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2017, by and between the Company and Michael B. Haines (11) First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the Parent Guarantor, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the Borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, BMO Capital Markets and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents, Capital One, National Association, as Documentation Agent, and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of September 8, 2017 (13) First Amendment to First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the Parent Guarantor, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the Borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, BMO Capital Markets and Regions Bank, as Co-Syndication Agents, Capital One, National Association, as Documentation Agent, and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of December 20, 2019 (18) 91 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 21.1* 23.1* 31.1* 31.2* Second Amendment to First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2020, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the Parent Guarantor, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the Borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (20) Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the guarantor, and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, PNC Bank National Association and U.S. Bank National Association, as Co- Syndication Agents and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of September 8, 2017 (13) First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the guarantor, and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, PNC Bank National Association and U.S. Bank National Association, as Co-Syndication Agents and the other lenders party thereto, dated as of December 20, 2019 (18) Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 29, 2020, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the guarantor, and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (20) Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2023, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the guarantor, and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (23) Third Amendment to First Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2023, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., as the Parent Guarantor, Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, as the Borrower, KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto (23) Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2016, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp and the purchasers named therein (10) First Amendment, dated as of September 8, 2017 to the Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2016, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp and the purchasers named therein (15) Third Amendment, dated as of July 29, 2020 to the Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 22, 2016, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp and the purchasers named therein (20) Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2017, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and the purchasers named therein (16) First Amendment, dated as of July 29, 2020 to the Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2017, by and among Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, Retail Opportunity Investments Corp and the purchasers named therein (20) Sales Agreement, dated February 20, 2020, by and among the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Agents and the Forward Purchasers (19) List of Subsidiaries of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. Consent of Ernst & Young LLP for Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 32.1** Certifications pursuant to Section 1350 97.1* Recovery Policy Relating to Erroneously Awarded Incentive Compensation 92 101 SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101 CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101 DEF Inline Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101 LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101 PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 The cover page from this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (and contained in Exhibit 101) ________________________ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on October 26, 2009. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on June 3, 2011. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 5, 2012. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on October 2, 2013. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2013. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on December 3, 2014. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 25, 2015. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed on February 24, 2016. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2016. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016 filed on October 26, 2016. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 filed on April 27, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on September 13, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017 filed on October 25, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2017. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on May 1, 2018. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on December 27, 2019. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on February 21, 2020. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on August 4, 2020. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2022. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on September 23, 2022. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2023. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2023. Incorporated by reference to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2023. (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) * Filed herewith. ** Furnished with this report. + Unless otherwise noted, all exhibits have File No. 001-33479. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 93 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 15, 2024 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Registrant By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Stuart A. Tanz President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 94 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Stuart A. Tanz and Michael B. Haines, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, such person’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Form 10-K and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with exhibits and schedule thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or desirable to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 /s/ Richard A. Baker Richard A. Baker Non-Executive Chairman of the Board /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Stuart A. Tanz President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Michael B. Haines Michael B. Haines Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Lauren N. Silveira Lauren N. Silveira Chief Accounting Officer /s/ Angela K. Ho Angela K. Ho Director /s/ Michael J. Indiveri Michael J. Indiveri Director /s/ Zabrina M. Jenkins Zabrina M. Jenkins Director /s/ Lee S. Neibart Lee S. Neibart Director 95 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 /s/ Adrienne B. Pitts Adrienne B. Pitts Director /s/ Laura H. Pomerantz Laura H. Pomerantz Director /s/ Eric S. Zorn Eric S. Zorn Director 96 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 15, 2024 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP, by Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, its sole general partner Registrant By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Stuart A. Tanz President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) 97 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Stuart A. Tanz and Michael B. Haines, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, such person’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign this Form 10-K and any and all amendments thereto, and to file the same, with exhibits and schedule thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or desirable to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 /s/ Richard A. Baker Richard A. Baker Non-Executive Chairman of the Board /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Stuart A. Tanz President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Michael B. Haines Michael B. Haines Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Lauren N. Silveira Lauren N. Silveira Chief Accounting Officer /s/ Angela K. Ho Angela K. Ho Director /s/ Michael J. Indiveri Michael J. Indiveri Director /s/ Zabrina M. Jenkins Zabrina M. Jenkins Director /s/ Lee S. Neibart Lee S. Neibart Director 98 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 Date: February 15, 2024 /s/ Adrienne B. Pitts Adrienne B. Pitts Director /s/ Laura H. Pomerantz Laura H. Pomerantz Director /s/ Eric S. Zorn Eric S. Zorn Director 99 EXHIBIT 4.6 DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OF RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. The following description of the material terms of the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. (“common stock”) is only a summary and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the more complete description of the common stock in the following documents: (a) Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.’s charter, and (b) Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.’s bylaws, both of which are exhibits to our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Please note that references to “we,” “our” and “us” herein refer only to Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and not to its subsidiaries or Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, unless the context requires otherwise. This summary description is not meant to be a complete description of the common stock. Description of Common Stock Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. was formed on July 10, 2007. Our charter provides that we may issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Our charter also authorizes our board of directors to amend the charter by a majority vote of the entire board of directors and without stockholder approval to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the authorized number of shares of stock of any class or series. As of February 8, 2024, 127,004,828 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding. Under Maryland law, our stockholders will not be personally liable for any of our debts or obligations solely as a result of their status as stockholders. All outstanding shares of our common stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights, if any, of holders of any other class or series of our stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions on such shares of common stock out of assets legally available for such purposes if, as and when authorized by our board of directors and declared by us, and the holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to share ratably in our assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all our known debts and liabilities and payment of any liquidation amounts for any issued and outstanding preferred stock. Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of our stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of shares of common stock will possess the exclusive voting power. A plurality of the votes cast in the election of directors is sufficient to elect a director and there is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock generally can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors. However, pursuant to our majority vote policy for the election of directors, in an uncontested election, any nominee who receives a greater number of votes “withheld” from his or her election than votes “for” such election is required to tender his or her resignation to our board of directors. Our nominating and corporate governance committee is required to promptly consider the resignation and make a recommendation to our board of directors for its consideration. Holders of shares of common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights and have no pre-emptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company. Our charter provides that our stockholders generally have no appraisal rights unless our board of directors determines prospectively that appraisal rights will apply to one or more transactions in which holders of our common stock would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, holders of shares of common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge or consolidate with another entity, sell all or substantially all of its assets, convert to another entity or engage in a statutory share exchange unless the action is advised by its board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is specified in the corporation’s charter. Our charter provides that these actions (other than certain amendments to the provisions of our charter related to the removal of directors and the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, and the vote required to amend such provisions, which must be approved by the affirmative vote of at least two- thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the amendment) may be approved by a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Power to Reclassify Our Unissued Shares of Stock Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and reclassify from time to time any unissued shares of common or preferred stock into other classes or series of stock, including one or more classes or series of stock that have priority with respect to voting rights, dividends or upon liquidation over our common stock, and authorizes us to issue the newly-classified shares. Prior to the issuance of shares of each new class or series, our board of directors is required by Maryland law and by our charter to set, subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series. Our board of directors may take these actions without stockholder approval unless stockholder approval is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automatic quotation system on which our securities are listed or traded or the terms of any class or series of stock we may issue in the future. No shares of preferred stock are presently outstanding, and we currently have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock. Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Shares of Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Capital Stock We believe that the power of our board of directors to amend our charter to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of capital stock, to authorize us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock in one or more classes or series and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of common or preferred stock and thereafter to authorize us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise. The additional classes or series of capital stock, as well as the additional shares of common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such approval is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded or the terms of any class or series of stock we may issue in the future. Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), shares of our stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made). To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy other requirements as well. Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our outstanding common stock and capital stock which are intended, among other purposes, to assist us in complying with these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The relevant sections of our charter provide that, subject to the exceptions described below, no person or entity may own, or be deemed to own, beneficially or by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock, or 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of our capital stock. We refer to these limits collectively as the “ownership limit.” An individual or entity is referred to as a “prohibited owner” if, but for the ownership limit or other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock described below, had a violative transfer or other event been effective, the individual or entity would have been a beneficial owner or, if appropriate, a record owner of shares of our stock. The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause shares of stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock, or 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of our capital stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, shares of our stock by an individual or entity), could, nevertheless, cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to constructively own in excess of the applicable ownership limit. Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, subject to such conditions as it may determine and the receipt of certain representations and undertakings, prospectively or retroactively, waive the ownership limit or establish a different limit on ownership, or excepted holder limit, for a particular person if the person’s ownership in excess of the ownership limit would not result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. As a condition of its waiver or grant of excepted holder limit, our board of directors may, but is not required to, require an opinion of counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), satisfactory to our board of directors in order to determine or ensure our qualification as a REIT and may impose such other conditions and limitations as our board of directors may determine. In connection with granting a waiver of the ownership limit, creating an excepted holder limit or at any other time, our board of directors may from time to time increase or decrease the ownership limit for all other individuals and entities unless, after giving effect to such increase, five or fewer individuals could beneficially own in the aggregate more than 49.9% by value of the shares of all classes and series of our capital stock then outstanding or we would otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT. Prior to the modification of the ownership limit, our board of directors may require such opinions of counsel, affidavits, undertakings or agreements as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure our qualification as a REIT. A reduced ownership limit will not apply to any person or entity whose percentage ownership of our common stock or stock of all classes and series, as applicable, is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such individual’s or entity’s percentage ownership of our common stock or stock of all classes and series, as applicable, equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of shares of our common stock or stock of any other class or series, as applicable, in excess of such percentage ownership of our common stock or stock of all classes and series will be in violation of the ownership limit. Our charter further prohibits: • • any person from beneficially or constructively owning, applying certain attribution rules of the Code, shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, beneficial ownership or constructive ownership that would result in us owning, actually or constructively, an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by us from such tenant could cause us to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code); and any person from transferring shares of our stock if such transfer would result in shares of our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution). Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or may violate the ownership limit or any of the other foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, or who would have owned shares of our stock transferred to a trust as described below, must immediately give us written notice of the event or, in the case of an attempted or proposed transaction, must give at least 15 days prior written notice to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our qualification as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on ownership and transfer of our stock as described above is no longer required in order for us to qualify as a REIT. If any transfer of shares of our stock would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons, such transfer will be null and void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares. In addition, if any purported transfer of shares of our stock or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limit or an excepted holder limit established by our board of directors or in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then that number of shares (rounded up to the nearest whole share) that would cause such person to violate such restrictions will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by us and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the prohibited owner, prior to our discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary by the trust. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit or our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year) or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then our charter provides that the transfer of the shares will be null and void, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares. Shares of our stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price paid by the prohibited owner for the shares (or, if the event that resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares of stock at market price, which is generally the last sales price reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on the trading day immediately preceding the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of stock to the trust, the per-share market price) and (2) the market price on the date we accept, or our designee accepts, such offer. We may reduce this amount by the amount of any dividend or other distribution that we have paid to the prohibited owner before we discovered that the shares had been automatically transferred to the trust and that are then owed to the trustee as described above, and we may pay the amount of any such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. We have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of our stock held in the trust as discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold terminates, the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to such shares of stock will be paid to the charitable beneficiary. If we do not buy the shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own the shares without violating the ownership limit or the other restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock. After the sale of the shares, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares transferred to the trust will terminate and the trustee must distribute to the prohibited owner an amount equal to the lesser of (1) the price paid by the prohibited owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price of the shares) and (2) the sales proceeds (net of commissions and other expenses of sale) received by the trust for the shares. The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the prohibited owner by the amount of any dividend or other distribution that we paid to the prohibited owner before we discovered that the shares had been automatically transferred to the trust and that are then owed to the trustee as described above. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited owner will be immediately paid to the beneficiary of the trust, together with any dividends or other distributions thereon. In addition, if, prior to discovery by us that shares of stock have been transferred to a trust, such shares of stock are sold by a prohibited owner, then such shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and, to the extent that the prohibited owner received an amount for or in respect of such shares that exceeds the amount that such prohibited owner was entitled to receive, such excess amount must be paid to the trustee upon demand. The prohibited owner has no rights in the shares held by the trustee. The trustee will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us and with any prohibited owner. Prior to the sale of any shares by the trust, the trustee will receive, in trust for the beneficiary of the trust, all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to the shares held in trust and may also exercise all voting rights with respect to the shares held in trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the beneficiary of the trust. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will have the authority, at the trustee’s sole discretion: • • to rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited owner prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust; and to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee may not rescind and recast the vote. In addition, if our board of directors determines in good faith that a proposed transfer or other event would violate the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, our board of directors may take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such transfer, including, but not limited to, causing us to redeem the shares of stock, refusing to give effect to the transfer on our books or instituting proceedings to enjoin the transfer. Every owner of 5% or more (or such lower percentage as is required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) of our stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, must give us written notice, stating the stockholder’s name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of our stock that the stockholder beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner must provide to us in writing such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the stockholder’s beneficial ownership on our qualification as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit. In addition, each stockholder must provide to us such information as we may request in good faith in order to determine our qualification as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance. Any certificates representing shares of our stock shall bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above. These restrictions on ownership and transfer could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders. Transfer Agent and Registrar The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare, Inc. Certain Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and Our Charter and Bylaws Our Board of Directors Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of directors we have may be established only by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum required under the MGCL, which is currently one, and our bylaws provide that the number of our directors may not be more than 15. Subject to the terms of any class or series of stock, vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will hold office for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Removal of Directors Our charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect or remove one or more directors, a director may be removed, with or without cause, only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors. This provision, when coupled with the exclusive power of our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors, precludes stockholders from (1) removing incumbent directors except upon a two-thirds vote and (2) filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees. Business Combinations Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time during the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must generally be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the business combination statute if the Maryland corporation’s board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by it. These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a Maryland corporation’s board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has by resolution exempted business combinations (1) between us and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors (including a majority of our directors who are not affiliates or associates of such person) and (2) among persons acting in concert with any of the foregoing. As a result, any person described above may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the supermajority vote requirements and other provisions of the business combination statute. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. Control Share Acquisitions The MGCL provides that a holder of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” has no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock of the corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of such shares in the election of directors: (i) a person who has made or proposes to make the control share acquisition; (ii) an officer of the corporation; or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer, or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (A) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (B) one-third or more but less than a majority; or (C) a majority of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions. A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses and making an “acquiring person statement” as described in the MGCL), may compel the corporation’s board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting. If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an “acquiring person statement” as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or, if a meeting of stockholders is held at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved, as of the date of such meeting. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of a majority of all voting power, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not apply to, among other things, (a) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or statutory share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. Subtitle 8 Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions of the MGCL, in whole or in part, which provide, respectively, for: • • a classified board; a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; • • • a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the board of directors; a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors in office and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and a majority requirement for the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders. We have elected in our charter to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 that provides that vacancies on our board may be filled only by the remaining directors and that directors elected to fill vacancies will serve for the remainder of the term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (1) will require the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors for the removal of any director, which removal may be with or without cause and (2) vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships. Meetings of Stockholders Pursuant to our bylaws, a meeting of our stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business will be held annually on a date and at the time and place set by our board of directors. The chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer, our president or our board of directors may call a special meeting of our stockholders. Subject to the provisions of our bylaws, a special meeting of our stockholders to act on any matter that may properly be brought before a meeting of our stockholders will also be called by our secretary upon the written request of the stockholders entitled to cast not less than 25% of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting on such matter and containing the information required by our bylaws. Our secretary will inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and delivering the notice of meeting (including our proxy materials), and the requesting stockholder must pay such estimated cost before our secretary is required to prepare and deliver the notice of the special meeting. Amendment to Our Bylaws Our board of directors, or our stockholders, with the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, may adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and make new bylaws. Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by our stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our board of directors or (3) by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving the notice required by our bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on such business or in the election of each such nominee and who has provided notice to us within the time period, containing the information specified by the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors may be made only (1) by or at the direction of our board of directors or (2) provided that the meeting has been properly called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving the notice required by our bylaws and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each such nominee and who has provided notice to us within the time period, containing the information specified by the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. Indemnification and Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision eliminating the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty that was established by a final judgment and was material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. The MGCL requires us (unless our charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify any of our directors or officers who have been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity with us. The MGCL permits us to indemnify our present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that: • • • the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Under the MGCL, we may not indemnify a director or officer in a suit brought by us or on our behalf in which the director or officer was adjudged liable to us or in a suit in which the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us or on our behalf, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits us to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon our receipt of: • • a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us; and a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the director’s or officer’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by us if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct. Our charter authorizes us to obligate ourselves and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to: • • any present or former director or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, manager, managing member or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company. We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers that provide for indemnification to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. REIT Qualification Our charter provides that our board of directors may authorize us to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. EXHIBIT 21.1 Jurisdiction of Organization Company Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC ROIC Paramount Plaza, LLC ROIC Santa Ana, LLC ROIC Washington, LLC ROIC Oregon, LLC ROIC California, LLC ROIC Crossroads GP, LLC ROIC Crossroads LP, LLC ROIC Pinole Vista, LLC ROIC Hillsboro, LLC ROIC Cypress West, LLC ROIC Redondo Beach Plaza, LLC ROIC DBTC, LLC Terranomics Crossroads Associates, LP SARM Five Points Plaza, LLC ROIC Robinwood, LLC ROIC Creekside Plaza, LLC ROIC Park Oaks, LLC ROIC Diamond Hills Plaza, LLC ROIC Warner Plaza, LLC ROIC Four Corner Square, LLC ROIC Bouquet Center, LLC ROIC Monterey, LLC ROIC IGAP, LLC ROIC TUO, LLC Sunhill Properties, LLC Uhlmann-Burbank, LLC ROIC Fullerton Crossroads, LLC Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California Washington Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware Delaware California California Delaware EXHIBIT 23.1 We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements: Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (1) Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1/MEF on Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-146777), and the related Prospectus, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., (2) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-198974), and the related Prospectus, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., (3) Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR No. 333-210413), and the related Prospectus, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., (4) Registration Statement (Form S-3 ASR Nos. 333-264510 and 333-264510-01), and the related Prospectus, of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP, and (5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-269041) pertaining to the Second Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. of our reports dated February 15, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the financial statement schedules of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. and Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP included herein. San Diego, California February 15, 2024 /s/ Ernst & Young LLP EXHIBIT 31.1 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, Stuart A. Tanz, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Name: Stuart A. Tanz Title: Chief Executive Officer RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER I, Stuart A. Tanz, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Name: Stuart A. Tanz Title: Chief Executive Officer EXHIBIT 31.2 RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Michael B. Haines, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Michael B. Haines Name: Michael B. Haines Title: Chief Financial Officer RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER I, Michael B. Haines, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Michael B. Haines Name: Michael B. Haines Title: Chief Financial Officer RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 EXHIBIT 32.1 The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. (the “Company”), hereby certifies to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10- K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 10-K”), filed concurrently herewith by the Company, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Name: Stuart A. Tanz Title: Chief Executive Officer The undersigned, the Chief Financial Officer of Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. (the “Company”), hereby certifies to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10- K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 10-K”), filed concurrently herewith by the Company, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Michael B. Haines Name: Michael B. Haines Title: Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission release 33-8238 dated June 5, 2003, this certification is being furnished and shall not be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or incorporated by reference in any registration statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS PARTNERSHIP, LP Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer of Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, the sole general partner of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”), hereby certifies to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 10- K”), filed concurrently herewith by the Operating Partnership, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Stuart A. Tanz Name: Stuart A. Tanz Title: Chief Executive Officer The undersigned, the Chief Financial Officer of Retail Opportunity Investments GP, LLC, the sole general partner of Retail Opportunity Investments Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”), hereby certifies to the best of his knowledge on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Form 10- K”), filed concurrently herewith by the Operating Partnership, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. Date: February 15, 2024 By: /s/ Michael B. Haines Name: Michael B. Haines Title: Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission release 33-8238 dated June 5, 2003, this certification is being furnished and shall not be deemed filed by the Operating Partnership for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or incorporated by reference in any registration statement of the Operating Partnership filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Operating Partnership and will be retained by the Operating Partnership and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request. RETAIL OPPORTUNITY INVESTMENTS CORP. Recovery Policy Relating to Erroneously Awarded Incentive Compensation EXHIBIT 97.1 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 This policy provides for the recovery of erroneously awarded incentive compensation and is designed to comply with, and will be interpreted to be consistent with, Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Rule 10D-1 promulgated under the Exchange Act (“Rule 10D-1”) and Rule 5608 of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Rules. 2. DEFINITIONS. The capitalized terms used in this Recovery Policy have the following meanings. 1.1 “Accounting Restatement” means an accounting restatement of the Company’s financial statements due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 “Administrator” means the person, committee or other body appointed by the Company to administer this Recovery Policy. The Administrator shall be the fully independent Compensation Committee of the Company or another committee comprised of independent directors of the Company. “Applicable Period” means the three completed fiscal years immediately before the date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, as well as any transition period (that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years (except that a transition period that comprises a period of at least nine months counts as a completed fiscal year). “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. “Company” means Retail Opportunity Investments Corp. “Covered Executive” means any of the Company’s current and former Executive Officers. “Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means the difference, if any, between the Incentive-Based Compensation Received by a Covered Executive and the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that would have been Received had the compensation been determined based on the restated amounts (determined without regard to any taxes paid or withheld in respect of the Incentive-Based Compensation). - 1 - 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 “Executive Officer” means any executive officer of the Company as defined in Rule 10D-1 and the Nasdaq Listing Standards, as the same may be amended from time to time. The “date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement” is the earlier of (a) the date on which the Board or the Audit Committee of the Board concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement or (b) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement, in each case regardless of if or when any restated financial statements are filed with the SEC. “Financial Reporting Measure” means any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure. Financial Reporting Measures include stock price and TSR. The measure in question does not need to be reported within the Company’s financial statements or contained in a filing with the Securities Exchange Commission to be a Financial Reporting Measure. “Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part on achieving a Financial Reporting Measure. When evaluating whether the Recovery Policy applies to Incentive-Based Compensation, the compensation is treated as Received in the Company’s financial reporting period during which a Financial Reporting Measure specified in the relevant award is achieved, even if the compensation is paid or awarded in a later period. “Listing Standards” means the listing standards as promulgated by Nasdaq or other national securities exchange on which the Company’s common stock may be listed. “Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC or any other national securities exchange on which the Company’s common stock may be listed and which has a policy similar to the Recovery Policy. 1.15 “Policy” means this Recovery Policy. 1.16 “Received” or “Receipt” means, with respect to any Incentive-based Compensation, actual or deemed receipt, and Incentive- Based Compensation shall be treated as Received in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive- Based Compensation to the Executive Officer occurs after the end of that period. 1.17 “SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission. 1.18 “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. 1.19 “TSR” means total stockholder return. - 2 - 3. APPLICATION OF RECOVERY POLICY. 1.1 1.2 This Recovery Policy applies to any Incentive-Based Compensation that a Covered Executive Receives after becoming a Covered Executive, if the Covered Executive so served at any time during the performance period in respect of which Receipt of such Incentive-Based Compensation is determined. This Recovery Policy only applies to Incentive-Based Compensation that has been Received on or after October 2, 2023 while the Company has a class of securities listed on Nasdaq. 4. TRIGGER OF RECOVERY. 1.1 The Company will recover reasonably promptly the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that has been Received by any Covered Executive during the Applicable Period when the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement. The obligation to recover or recoup does not depend on if or when restated financial statements are filed. The Administrator shall determine the timing and method for reasonably prompt recovery. 5. DETERMINATION OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION 1.1 1.2 The Administrator will determine in its discretion any amounts of Erroneously Awarded Compensation. If Erroneously Awarded Compensation was based in whole or in part on achievement of a share price or TSR measure, and the Erroneously Awarded Compensation cannot be determined directly by mathematical recalculation based on the Accounting Restatement, the Administrator must determine the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the share price or TSR upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was Received. The Administrator in its discretion shall be authorized to engage advisors and experts at the Company’s expense to assist in making any determinations hereunder. 1.3 The Administrator shall document the determination of any reasonable estimates used to determine Erroneously Awarded Compensation and provide that documentation to Nasdaq. 6. EXECUTIVE OFFICER NOTIFICATIONS 1.1 The Administrator shall: 1.1.1 Determine in its sole discretion the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that was Received by each current and former Executive Officer; 1.1.2 Promptly notify each such current and former Executive Officer of the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation; and - 3 - 1.1.3 Demand repayment, return and/or forfeiture of such compensation, as applicable. 7. METHOD OF RECOVERY 1.1 The Administrator shall have discretion to determine the appropriate means of recovering Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on the particular facts and circumstances. 1.2 The Administrator may in its sole discretion: 1.1.1 Seek reimbursement of all or part of any cash or equity-based awards; 1.1.2 Cancel earlier cash or equity-based awards, whether vested or unvested, paid or unpaid; 1.1.3 Cancel or offset against any planned future cash or equity-based awards; 1.1.4 Forfeit deferred compensation, subject to compliance with Section 409A; or 1.1.5 Use any other method authorized by applicable law or contract. 8. EXCEPTIONS TO RECOVERY 1.1 Erroneously Awarded Compensation need not be recovered if and to the extent that the Administrator determines that recovery would be impracticable and one or more of the following limited conditions apply: 1.1.1 The direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the Recovery Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on expense of enforcement, the Administrator must make a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, document such reasonable attempt to recover and provide that documentation to Nasdaq. 1.1.2 Recovery would violate the home country law of the Company where that law was adopted before November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on violation of home country law of the Company, the Administrator must satisfy the applicable opinion and disclosure requirements of Rule 10D-1 and the Listing Standards; or 1.1.3 Recovery would likely cause a plan otherwise qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) of the Code or Section 411(a) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. - 4 - 9. PROHIBITION ON INDEMNIFICATION 1.1 Notwithstanding the terms of any indemnification or insurance policy or any contractual arrangement with any Covered Executive that may be interpreted to the contrary, the Company may not indemnify any Covered Executives against the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, including any payment of or reimbursement for the cost of third-party insurance purchased by any Covered Executives to fund potential clawback obligations under this recovery policy. 10. SEC DISCLOSURE 1.1 The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Recovery Policy required by any applicable SEC rules. 11. ADMINISTRATION 1.1 1.2 1.3 This Recovery Policy shall be administered by the Administrator, and any determinations made by the Administrator shall be final and binding on all affected individuals. The Administrator is authorized to interpret and construe this Recovery Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate, or advisable for the administration of this Recovery Policy and for the Company’s compliance with the Listing Standards, Section 10D, Rule 10D-1 and any other applicable law, regulation, rule or interpretation promulgated or issued in connection with the Recovery Policy. Except to the extent prohibited by applicable law or the Listing Standards, the Administrator may allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members and may delegate all or any part of its responsibilities and powers to any person or persons selected by it. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Administrator at any time. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrator may delegate to one or more officers of the Company the authority to act on behalf of the Administrator with respect to any matter, right, obligation, or election which is the responsibility of, or which is allocated to, the Administrator herein, and which may be so delegated as a matter of law and in compliance with the Listing Standards. 12. AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION 1.1 The Administrator or the Board may amend this Recovery Policy from time to time in its discretion and shall amend this Recovery Policy as it deems necessary. Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, no amendment or termination of this Recovery Policy shall be effective if such amendment or termination would (after taking into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment or termination) cause the Company to violate any securities laws or Listing Standards. 13. OTHER RECOVERY RIGHTS 1.1 This Recovery Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Executive Officers and, to the extent required by applicable law or guidance from the SEC or Nasdaq, their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives. The - 5 - Administrator intends that this Recovery Policy will be applied to the fullest extent required by applicable law. Any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan or any other agreement or arrangement with an Executive Officer shall be deemed to include, as a condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, an agreement by the Executive Officer to abide by the terms of this Recovery Policy. Any right of recovery under this Recovery Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recovery that may be available to the Company under applicable law, regulation or rule or pursuant to the terms of any policy of the Company or any provision in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan, agreement or other arrangement. - 6 - 

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