2022 Annual Report Fiscal Year 2022 Form 10-K Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Coast to Coast Commitment 2022 Annual Report Fiscal Year 2022 Form 10-K Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders R e g i o n a l M a n a g e m e n t C o r p . | 2 0 2 2 A n n u a l R e p o r t | F i s c a l Y e a r 2 0 2 2 F o r m 1 0 - K | P r o x y S t a t e m e n t f o r t h e 2 0 2 3 A n n u a l M e e t i n g o f S t o c k h o l d e r s Regional Management Corp. 979 Batesville Road, Suite B Greer, South Carolina 29651 www.regionalmanagement.com Dear Valued Stockholders: Despite 2022 being a volatile year in the US economy, with inflation rates not seen in 40+ years and the ensuing rapid interest rate hikes to fight inflation, our efforts over the past few years to strengthen our balance sheet, invest in our omni-channel operating model and footprint, and enhance our custom underwriting model, allowed us to manage through the year and exit 2022 in a strong position. This position of strength grants us the ability to navigate the current economic environment and to respond quickly when conditions improve. Our team remains committed to serving our customers with financial solutions to meet their evolving needs and support their long-term financial wellbeing, and solidly executing for all of our stakeholders to drive controlled, sustainable growth and profitability in 2023 and beyond. For 2022, we ended the year with $1.699 billion in outstanding finance receivables, an increase of 19% from year-end 2021 and total revenue of $507 million in 2022 an 18% increase from 2021. As delinquencies normalized throughout the year, we tightened credit given the increasingly challenging environment and focused on underwriting the highest quality originations. We continued to closely manage our operating expenses, while we completed several new digital initiatives that should prove to be significantly beneficial for us over the longer term. Net income for 2022 was $51 million, diluted EPS was $5.30, ROA was 3.3%, and ROE was 17.0%. Despite the challenging economic environment, we made significant progress during the year in executing on our long-term growth strategy. Most notably, we expanded our footprint across the nation, commencing operations in five new states – California, Indiana, Louisiana, Idaho, and Mississippi. As a result, we now have a “coast-to-coast” U.S. presence and have nearly doubled our total addressable market over the past two years, providing us with ample opportunity to lean into growth as the environment stabilizes. In addition, we completed the rollout of our second-generation custom underwriting scorecard, which evaluates over 5,000 attributes and has more complex segmentations that allows us to further finetune our underwriting strategies, make better credit decisions at the margin and ultimately improve our credit loss experience. Importantly, we also continued to make strides in enhancing our best- in-class customer experience. To that end, we rolled out our new customer online portal, which improves online payment functionality, and we began piloting our end-to-end digital lending solution, which is a potential game changer for Regional in terms of efficiency and customer engagement. We also continued to focus on best serving our team members and our communities. For our team members, in addition to our competitive wages and benefits, we offer benefits from the C.A.R.E. Fund, which provides eligible team members with short-term assistance when facing a severe, unexpected emergency situation. We also remain committed to further developing our highly diversified workforce; earlier this year, we published our new Corporate Responsibility & ESG website, which we invite you to view to learn more about our efforts and continued diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. Meanwhile, our employee-led program Regional Reach continues to make a positive impact through community service and charitable giving. We once again partnered with the American Heart Association and led all Upstate South Carolina companies for the third year in a row in fundraising for the Heart Walk. We also continued to support the Hope Center for Children and other organizations to promote goodwill. For our shareholders, we continued to successfully return excess capital in the form of dividends totaling $11 million (after increasing our quarterly dividend by 20% to $0.30 per share) and share repurchases totaling $21 million in 2022. We also ended the year with a strong balance sheet – over $555 million of unused borrowing capacity and $101 million of available liquidity from which to fund our growth and operations. Of our total debt as of year-end 2022, 88% was fixed rate, with a weighted average coupon of 3.6% and weighted average revolving duration of 2.1 years. Our sensible management of our balance sheet over the past few years has successfully enabled us to mitigate our exposure to rising interest rates. We believe the actions we took in 2022 position us well to address the macro environment in 2023. We will continue to place our focus on our highest confidence originations, emphasizing quality over quantity. We will originate loans only where we can achieve our return hurdles under an assumption of additional credit stress beyond current levels, as well as higher future funding costs. From an investment standpoint, we will seek to capitalize on the increased addressable market in the eight new states we have entered over the past couple of years. Our efforts will include the completion of several important technology, digital, and data and analytics projects, as we continue to modernize and evolve our omni-channel business strategy, while continuing to manage our expenses prudently. We remain confident in our operating model and our ability to generate long-term sustainable growth and value creation for our stockholders. Thank you for your continued support and ownership of Regional Management Corp. stock. We look forward to having you attend our Annual Meeting. Our best to you and your families. Best regards, Robert W. Beck President and Chief Executive Officer This letter and annual report to stockholders may contain forward-looking statements. Please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which accompanies this letter and annual report to stockholders, for additional information regarding forward-looking statements. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 OR ☐☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-35477 Regional Management Corp. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 979 Batesville Road, Suite B Greer, South Carolina (Address of principal executive offices) 57-0847115 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 29651 (Zip Code) (864) 448-7000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Stock, $0.10 par value Trading Symbol RM Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer ☐ ☐ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☒ ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ As of June 30, 2022 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non- affiliates of the registrant was $289,877,408 based upon the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. See Part II, Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10- K for additional information. As of February 22, 2023, there were 9,523,209 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding. Documents Incorporated by Reference Certain information required by Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is expected to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. REGIONAL MANAGEMENT CORP. ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward-Looking Statements ITEM 1. ITEM 1A. ITEM 1B. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 7A. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. ITEM 9B. ITEM 9C. ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. ITEM 15. ITEM 16. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART I PART II Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Reserved Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections PART III Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Signatures Page 1 2 12 38 38 38 38 39 41 42 57 58 98 98 98 99 100 100 100 100 100 101 108 109 @> <: 8 6 +) FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Each of the terms “Regional,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used herein refers collectively to Regional Management Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, certain statements and disclosures contained in Part I, Item 1, “Business,” Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our strategies, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, expectations regarding demand and acceptance for our financial products, growth opportunities and trends in the market in which we operate, prospects, plans and objectives of management, representations, and contentions, and are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “intend,” “expect,” “plan,” “project,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included herein reflect and contain management’s current judgment, and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, events, and/or performance to differ materially from the plans, intentions, and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements or publicly announce the results of or any revisions to these forward-looking statements, other than as is required under the federal securities laws. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 1 ITEM 1. BUSINESS. Overview PART I We are a diversified consumer finance company that provides installment loan products primarily to customers with limited access to consumer credit from banks, thrifts, credit card companies, and other lenders. As of December 31, 2022, we operated under the name “Regional Finance” online and in branch locations in 18 states across the United States, serving 517,700 active accounts. Most of our loan products are secured, and each is structured on a fixed-rate, fixed-term basis with fully amortizing equal monthly installment payments, repayable at any time without penalty. We source our loans through our omni-channel platform, which includes our branches, centrally-managed direct mail campaigns, digital partners, and consumer website. We operate an integrated branch model in which nearly all loans, regardless of origination channel, are serviced through our branch network with the support of centralized sales, underwriting, service, collections, and administrative teams. This provides us with frequent in- person contact with our customers, which we believe improves our credit performance and customer loyalty. Our goal is to consistently grow our finance receivables and to soundly manage our portfolio risk, while providing our customers with attractive and easy-to-understand loan products that serve their varied financial needs. Our core products are small and large installment loans. As a complement to our loan products, we offer our customers optional payment and collateral protection insurance. • • • Small Loans – We offer small installment loans with cash proceeds to customers ranging from $500 to $2,500, with terms of up to 48 months. Our small loans are typically secured by non-essential household goods and/or, to a lesser extent, a lien on a vehicle, which may be an automobile, motorcycle, boat, or all-terrain vehicle. As of December 31, 2022, we had 287,000 small loans outstanding representing $481.6 million in finance receivables, or an average of approximately $1,700 per loan. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, interest and fee income from small loans contributed $160.4 million, $150.6 million, and $151.5 million, respectively, to our total revenue. Large Loans – We offer large installment loans with cash proceeds to customers ranging from $2,501 to $25,000, with terms between 18 and 60 months. Our large loans are typically secured by non-essential household goods and/or a vehicle. As of December 31, 2022, we had 225,600 large loans outstanding representing $1.2 billion in finance receivables, or an average of approximately $5,400 per loan. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, interest and fee income from large loans contributed $288.5 million, $229.9 million, and $180.3 million, respectively, to our total revenue. Optional Payment and Collateral Protection Insurance Products – We offer our customers optional payment and collateral protection insurance relating to our loan products, including credit life insurance, accident and health insurance, involuntary unemployment insurance, and personal property insurance. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, insurance income, net contributed $43.5 million, $35.5 million, and $28.3 million, respectively, to our total revenue. Through November 2022, we also offered indirect retail installment loans of up to $7,500. We ceased offering indirect retail installment loans in November 2022 to focus on growing our core loan portfolio, but we continue to own and service the loans that we previously originated. As of December 31, 2022, we had 5,100 retail loans outstanding representing $9.6 million in finance receivables, or an average of approximately $1,900 per loan. Industry, Customers, and Purpose We operate in the consumer finance industry, in which consumers are generally described as super-prime (most creditworthy), prime, near-prime, non-prime, subprime, or deep-subprime (least creditworthy). Our customers typically have less- than-perfect credit profiles and, for that reason, are generally considered subprime, non-prime, or near-prime consumers. As a result, our customers often do not qualify for prime financing from banks, thrifts, credit card providers, and other lenders. However, like prime consumers, our customers have a need and a desire to utilize credit. Notwithstanding that many lenders are unwilling to serve our customers, we believe that responsible, transparent, and fairly priced credit products should be made available to our customers. We exist to serve that purpose, and accordingly, we offer our customers access to credit through our affordable, easy-to-understand small and large loan products, which we price on fair terms in consideration of the associated credit risk and servicing costs. The average annual percentage rate (“APR”) of our small loans originated in 2022 was 42.7%. Our large loans, which are reserved for higher credit quality customers who meet more stringent underwriting requirements than those applied to small loan applicants, had an average APR of 29.5% for loans originated in 2022. We believe that the rates on our products are significantly more attractive than many other credit options available to our customers, such as payday, pawn, and title loans, which often come Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 2 with APRs over 300%. Our loans are also safer and more favorably structured than loans offered by alternative financial service providers. We underwrite our loans based on an applicant’s ability to repay, whereas payday, pawn, and title loans are typically underwritten based on an ability to collect, either through access to the borrower’s bank account or by repossession and sale of collateral. We also structure our loans on a fixed-rate, fixed-term basis with fully amortizing, equal monthly installment payments that are designed to be affordable for our customers and made over an average term of 22 months and 46 months for small and large loans, respectively (for loans originated in 2022). By comparison, payday, pawn, and title loans typically have balloon payments following short terms of 14 to 60 days. @> <: 8 6 +) Importantly, we further differentiate ourselves from alternative financial service providers by reporting our customers’ payment performance to credit bureaus. This practice provides our customers with the opportunity to improve their credit profile by establishing a responsible payment history with us and, ultimately, to gain access to a wider range of credit options, including our own. For example, in 2022, we worked with many of our deserving customers to refinance nearly 35,000 of our customers’ small loans into large loans, representing $203.4 million in finance receivables at origination, and resulting in a decrease in these customers’ average APR from 42.2% to 30.2%. We also believe that, over time, many of our customers transition away from our company to prime sources of credit. Our diversity of loan products with competitive, safe, and transparent pricing and terms, combined with the opportunity for our customers to improve their credit history and profile, distinguishes us in the consumer finance market, provides us with a competitive advantage, and allows us to serve an important purpose that is mutually beneficial to our customers, communities, employees, and stockholders. Business Model Omni-Channel Platform. Our omni-channel platform, which includes our branches, direct mail campaigns, digital partners, and consumer website, enables us to offer a range of loan products to new, existing, and former customers throughout our markets. We began building our branch network over 30 years ago and have expanded the network to 345 branches in 18 states as of December 31, 2022. Our branch personnel market our products in a number of ways, including through a merchant referral program, customer referrals, direct telephone and mail solicitations of current and former customers, and by leveraging our direct mail program and leads generated by our digital affiliates and consumer website. Our direct mail campaigns include mailings of pre- screened convenience checks, pre-qualified offers, and invitations to apply, which enable us to market our products to millions of current and potential customers in a cost-effective manner. We have also developed our consumer website and partnered with digital lead generation sources to promote our products and facilitate loan applications via the internet. We believe that our omni- channel platform provides us with a competitive advantage by giving us broad access to our existing and former customers and multiple avenues to attract new customers. Attractive Products for Customers with Limited Access to Credit. Our flexible loan products, generally ranging from $500 to $25,000 with terms of up to 60 months, are competitively priced, easy to understand, and incorporate features designed to meet the varied financial needs and credit profiles of a broad range of consumers. This product diversity distinguishes us from monoline competitors and provides us with the ability to offer our customers new loan products as their credit profiles evolve, building customer loyalty and increasing the overall value of customer relationships. Integrated Branch Model with Centralized Support. Our branch network serves as the foundation of our omni-channel platform and the primary point of contact with our customers. Over 72% of our loan originations in 2022 were facilitated by one of our branch locations, and nearly all loans, regardless of origination channel, are serviced through our branches, allowing us to maintain frequent, in-person contact with our customers. By integrating loan origination and loan servicing at the branch level, our employees are able to maintain a relationship with our customers throughout the life of a loan. We believe this frequent-contact, relationship-driven lending model provides greater insight into potential payment difficulties, reduces credit risk, and allows us to assess the borrowing needs of our customers, better enabling us to offer them new loan products as their credit profiles and needs evolve. In recent years, we have provided our branch network with increasing levels of centralized sales, underwriting, service, collections, and administrative support, and we plan to continue our investment in and testing of centralized support in the future. Consistent Portfolio Performance. Over the past several years, we have maintained a sharp focus on credit quality by investing in highly qualified personnel, refining underwriting practices, developing custom credit scorecards, streamlining procedures, automating underwriting decisions, and improving reporting capabilities. These investments allow us to control the credit quality of our portfolio, maintain compliance with evolving state and federal law, and react quickly whenever market dynamics may change. We have also expanded our centralized collections department and provided our branches with improved collections tools, training, and incentives. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 3 Demonstrated Organic Growth. We have grown our total finance receivables by 103.8%, from $834.0 million at December 31, 2017 to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2022, a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 15.3%. More importantly, we have grown our core small loan and large loan finance receivables by 128.5%, from $739.4 million at December 31, 2017 to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2022, a CAGR of 18.0%. This receivables growth has driven a revenue increase of 86.2%, from $272.5 million in 2017 to $507.2 million in 2022, a CAGR of 13.2%. Our portfolio growth has come from expanding our geographic presence, growing our finance receivable portfolios within existing branches, and developing new products and channels, including through digital lead generation. Between 2018 and 2022, we entered nine new states, and since 2020, we have introduced new technologies and marketing strategies to enable remote loan closings and to extend the geographic reach of our branches. Historically, our branches have rapidly increased their outstanding finance receivables during the early years of operations and generally achieved profitability within one year of opening. Experienced Management Team. Our executive and senior operations management teams consist of individuals experienced in installment lending and other consumer finance services. Our Chief Executive Officer has over 30 years of experience in consumer financial services, our Chief Operating Officer has over 35 years of experience in consumer financial services, our Chief Financial Officer has over 20 years of financial services experience, and our Chief Credit Risk Officer has 20 years of financial and consumer lending experience. As of December 31, 2022, our state operations vice presidents averaged nearly 26 years of industry experience and 11 years of service at Regional, while our associate vice presidents and district supervisors averaged nearly 23 years of industry experience and 8 years of service with Regional. Our executive and senior operations management team members intend to leverage their experience and expertise in consumer lending to grow our business, deliver high-quality service to our customers, and carefully manage our credit risk. Strategies Expand Our Geographic Presence. We expect to continue to grow the receivables, revenue, and profitability of our existing branches, to open new branches within our existing geographic footprint, and to expand our operations into new states. Establishing local contact with our customers through our branch network is a key to our frequent-contact, relationship-driven lending model. We believe that there remains substantial opportunity to grow the finance receivable portfolios of our existing branches by continuing our focus on large loan originations and by cross-selling new loan products to our existing customers. During 2022, we expanded into Mississippi, Indiana, California, Louisiana, and Idaho. We anticipate that as our newer branches mature, their revenue will grow faster than our overall same-store revenue growth rate. We believe there is sufficient demand for consumer finance services to continue new branch openings in certain of the states where we currently operate, allowing us to capitalize on our existing infrastructure and experience in these markets. We also intend to explore opportunities for growth in states outside of our existing geographic footprint that enjoy favorable operating environments. We plan to expand our operations to one or two additional states by the end of 2023, and over time, we expect to have a national presence. Leverage Direct Mail Marketing. Direct mail campaigns are launched throughout the year but are weighted to coincide with seasonal consumer demand. In addition, we mail convenience checks in new markets as soon as new branches are open, which develops a customer base and builds finance receivables for these new branches. We plan to continue to invest in and to improve the targeting criteria, offer strategies, and testing protocols of our direct mail campaigns, which we believe will enable us to efficiently grow our receivables with improved credit performance. We expect that these efforts will allow us to increase volume at our branches by adding new customers, recapturing former customers, and creating opportunities to offer new loan products to our existing customers. Improve Our Digital Capabilities. In order to better attract and serve customers who prefer to conduct business digitally, we make an online loan application available on our consumer website, generate customer leads through digital partners, and provide our customers with online account management capabilities. Over the past few years, we have invested heavily in our digital acquisition channel and servicing tools. For example, we rolled out an improved digital prequalification experience for our customers, including expanded integrations with existing and new digital affiliates and lead generators. We also began testing a digital origination product and channel for new customers, through which new loans can be fulfilled entirely online without intervention by our personnel, and we launched an enhanced customer portal. These efforts enabled us to grow new digitally sourced volumes as a percentage of total new customer volumes to nearly 30% in 2022, compared to 27% in 2021. In the future, we will continue our focus on the digital channel. We plan to expand the testing of our digital origination product and channel to new geographies and improve the customer experience. We also expect to complete the development of our mobile app and further enhancements to our customer portal, allowing our customers easy access to payment functionality and additional features. Our investment in our digital channel allows us to add capabilities, improve efficiencies, enhance the customer experience, and test new mechanisms for lead generation to diversify and expand our new business acquisition opportunities. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 4 Enhance Our Products, Channels, and Services. Over time, we intend to improve our existing product offerings, to introduce new products and services, and to capture customers through new channels and partnerships. For example, in 2020, we introduced an enhanced auto-secured large loan product, through which we offer larger auto-secured loans to some of our highest credit quality customers. As of the end of 2022, this product exceeded $100 million in total portfolio. In the future, we will continue to assess new credit and non-credit products and services and expand the channels and partnerships through which we acquire customers. @> <: 8 6 +) Maintain Sound Underwriting and Credit Control. We have invested heavily in our credit and collections functions. We plan to continue to do so in the future by maintaining highly qualified employees dedicated to managing credit risk, refining our underwriting models, and improving our collection efforts through both our branch operations and our centralized collections department. In early 2018, we completed the implementation of our new loan origination and servicing software platform, which allows us to automate our underwriting decisions, among other benefits. In addition, we began to integrate custom credit models into our automated underwriting processes during the second half of 2018. We completed the rollout of our custom credit models to all of our states in 2019 and began seeing the impact in our results in late 2019. In 2022, we introduced our next generation custom credit model, a new proprietary model that we expect will provide significant advancements in underwriting capabilities by utilizing sophisticated modeling algorithms that leverage new alternative data sources to drive more predictable outcomes and make better credit decisions at the margin. Through these efforts and others, we plan to continue to carefully manage our credit exposure as we grow our business, offer new products, access new channels, and enter new markets. Carefully Manage Our G&A Expenses. We have made significant investments in our business over the past several years, including by increasing our marketing spend to drive new business, expanding our branch network, hiring operations employees to service our growing finance receivable portfolio, and improving our credit, information technology, and data and analytics capabilities. However, during that time, we also remained keenly focused on driving operating leverage through the prudent management of our expenses. Between 2018 and 2022, our operating expense ratio (annualized general and administrative expenses as a percentage of average net finance receivables) decreased from 16.1% to 14.5%. As we grow our business, we will remain vigilant in our management of general and administrative expenses, with the goal of decreasing such expenses as a percentage of average net finance receivables over time. Loan Products We offer small and large installment loans to our customers. Our underwriting standards focus on our customers’ ability to affordably make loan payments out of their discretionary income, with the value of pledged collateral serving as a credit enhancement rather than the primary underwriting criterion. The interest rates, fees and other charges, maximum principal amounts, and maturities for our loans vary from state to state, depending on the competitive environment and relevant laws and regulations. Small and large loans are originated by our branch network, by our centralized sales and service team, digitally through our consumer website, or through our convenience check direct mail campaigns. Our convenience check direct mail loan offers enable prospective customers to enter into a loan with us by cashing or depositing the check attached to the loan offer, thereby agreeing to the terms of the loan as prominently set forth on the check and accompanying disclosures. When a customer enters into a loan by cashing or depositing the convenience check, our personnel gather additional information on the borrower to assist in servicing the loan. For loans originated by our branch network or centralized sales and service team, we consider numerous factors in evaluating a potential customer’s creditworthiness, such as unencumbered income, debt-to-income ratio, length of current employment, duration of residence, and a credit report detailing the applicant’s credit history. Our loan origination and servicing software platform guides our branch personnel through the credit application process and automates much of the underwriting, with underwriting exceptions generally subject to review and approval by a senior operations or centralized underwriting team member. For convenience check loans, each prospect that we solicit has been pre-screened through a major credit bureau against our underwriting criteria, which includes an evaluation of the recipient’s credit score, bankruptcy history, and a number of additional credit attributes relevant to the recipient’s likely ability and willingness to repay the offered convenience check loan. Loan renewals are also an important part of our business. Our customers use renewals to extend and expand their lending relationships with us. We generally offer loan renewals to existing customers who have demonstrated an ability and willingness to repay amounts owed to us. Renewals typically refinance one or more of a customer’s loans into a single new loan, which in some cases will be for a larger principal balance than the customer’s original loan, though we permit renewals of existing loans at or below the original loan amount. In evaluating a loan for renewal, in addition to our standard underwriting requirements, we are able to Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 5 take into consideration the customer’s prior payment performance with us, which we believe is a very strong indicator of the customer’s future credit performance. Small Loans. In 2022, the average originated principal balance and term for our small loans were $2,069 and 22 months, respectively. The average yield we earned on our portfolio of small loans was 35.2% in 2022. The following table sets forth the distribution of our small loan finance receivable portfolio by state as of the dates indicated. Texas South Carolina North Carolina Alabama All Other States Total 2018 2019 At December 31, 2020 2021 2022 34% 16% 15% 13% 22% 100% 39% 13% 15% 11% 22% 100% 37% 12% 17% 11% 23% 100% 35% 12% 16% 10% 27% 100% 33% 10% 16% 10% 31% 100% The following table sets forth the total number of small loans, total small loan finance receivables, and average size per loan by state as of December 31, 2022. Texas South Carolina North Carolina Alabama All Other States Total Number of Loans 93,082 25,234 44,622 26,307 97,788 287,033 Net Finance Receivables (In thousands) 162,018 $ 46,202 76,125 45,836 151,424 481,605 $ Average Size Per Loan $ $ 1,741 1,831 1,706 1,742 1,548 1,678 Large Loans. In 2022, our average originated principal balance and term for large loans were $5,993 and 46 months, respectively. The average yield we earned on our portfolio of large loans was 27.1% for 2022. The following table sets forth the distribution of our large loan finance receivable portfolio by state as of the dates indicated. Texas South Carolina North Carolina All Other States Total 2018 2019 At December 31, 2020 2021 2022 27% 21% 16% 36% 100% 27% 19% 15% 39% 100% 29% 18% 14% 39% 100% 31% 15% 15% 39% 100% 33% 12% 15% 40% 100% The following table sets forth the total number of large loans, total large loan finance receivables, and average size per loan by state as of December 31, 2022. Texas South Carolina North Carolina All Other States Total Insurance and Ancillary Products Number of Loans 70,477 27,581 35,031 92,500 225,589 Net Finance Receivables (In thousands) 392,533 $ 147,848 183,823 483,981 $ 1,208,185 Average Size Per Loan $ $ 5,570 5,361 5,247 5,232 5,356 We also offer our customers various optional payment and collateral protection insurance products as a complement to our lending operations. Our primary insurance products include optional credit life insurance, accident and health insurance, involuntary Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 6 @> <: 8 6 +) unemployment insurance, and personal property insurance. These insurance products are optional and not a condition of the loan, and we do not sell insurance to non-borrowers. Our insurance products, including the types of products offered and their terms and conditions, vary from state to state in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Insurance policy premiums, claims, and expenses are included in our results of operations as insurance income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In 2022, insurance income, net was $43.5 million, or 8.6% of our total revenue. Credit life insurance provides for the payment in full of the borrower’s credit obligation to the lender in the event of the borrower’s death and, in some states, may provide a payment to a secondary beneficiary listed by the borrower. Credit accident and health insurance provides for the repayment of certain loan installments to the lender that come due during an insured’s period of income interruption resulting from disability from illness or injury. Credit involuntary unemployment insurance provides for repayment of certain loan installments in the event that the borrower is no longer employed as the result of a qualifying event, such as a layoff or reduction in workforce. Credit personal property insurance provides for payment following accidental loss of, or damage to, personal property collateral resulting from certain casualty events. We require that customers maintain property insurance on any personal property securing loans and offer customers the option of providing proof of such insurance purchased from a third party (such as homeowners or renters insurance) in lieu of purchasing property insurance from us. We also require proof of insurance on any vehicles securing loans, and in select markets, we offer vehicle single interest insurance on vehicles used as collateral on small and large loans. All customers purchasing these types of insurance from us are required to sign multiple statements affirming that they understand that their purchase of insurance is optional and not a condition of the loan. In addition, a customer may cancel purchased insurance at any time during the life of the loan, including in connection with an early payoff or loan refinancing. Customers who cancel within thirty (30) days of the date of purchase receive a full refund of the insurance premium, and customers who cancel thereafter receive a refund of the unearned portion of the insurance premium. Apart from the various optional payment and collateral protection insurance products that we offer to our customers, on certain loans, we also collect a fee from our customers and, in turn, purchase non-file insurance from an unaffiliated insurance company for our benefit in lieu of recording and perfecting our security interest in personal property collateral. Non-file insurance protects us from credit losses where, following an event of default, we are unable to take possession of personal property collateral because our security interest is not perfected (for example, in certain instances where a customer files for bankruptcy). In such circumstances, non-file insurance generally will pay to us an amount equal to the lesser of the loan balance or the collateral value, with such claims payment lowering our net credit losses. We market and sell insurance policies as an agent of an unaffiliated insurance company, within the limitations established by our agency contracts with the unaffiliated insurance company. We then remit to the unaffiliated insurance company the premiums we collect, net of refunds on prepaid loans and net of commission on new business. The unaffiliated insurance company then cedes to our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, RMC Reinsurance, Ltd., the net insurance premium revenue and the associated insurance claims liability for all insurance products, including the non-file insurance that we purchase. Life insurance premiums are ceded as written, and non-life insurance premiums are ceded as earned. In accepting the premium revenue and associated claims liability, RMC Reinsurance, Ltd. acts as reinsurer for all insurance products that we sell to our customers and for the non-file insurance that we purchase. RMC Reinsurance, Ltd. pays the unaffiliated insurance company a ceding fee for the continued administration of all insurance products. In addition, in select states, we offer an “Auto Plus Plan” auto club product that is administered and serviced through a third- party provider. The product generally provides certain automobile, home, travel, and other services and benefits to customers, including emergency towing and roadside assistance, emergency locksmith service, automobile repair reimbursement, stolen car expense benefit, automobile insurance deductible reimbursement, limited legal services, and various travel and other discounts. The Auto Plus Plan is not an insurance product, and therefore, it is not included in our results of operations as insurance income, net, but rather, it is included as part of revenue under other income. However, as with the optional insurance products that we offer, any customer purchasing an Auto Plus Plan acknowledges that the purchase is optional and not a condition of the loan and that the plan may be cancelled within 30 days for a full refund. Branch Network Our branches are generally located in visible, high-traffic locations, such as shopping centers or, to a lesser extent, commercial office buildings. We believe that our branches have an open, welcoming, and hospitable layout. In evaluating whether to locate a branch in a particular community, we examine several factors, including the demonstrated demand for consumer finance, the regulatory and political climate, and the availability of suitable employees to staff, manage, and supervise the new branch. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 7 The following table sets forth the net finance receivables per branch based on maturity: Age of Branch (As of December 31, 2022) Branches open less than one year Branches open one to three years Branches open three to five years Branches open five years or more All branches Net Finance Receivables Per Branch as of December 31, 2022 (In thousands) Percentage Increase From Prior Age Category $ $ $ $ $ 2,612 4,478 3,601 5,286 4,926 — 71.4% (19.6)% 46.8% Number of Branches 16 28 35 266 345 The following table sets forth the average operating income contribution per branch for the year ended December 31, 2022, based on maturity of the branch. Age of Branch (As of December 31, 2022) Branches open less than one year Branches open one to three years Branches open three to five years Branches open five years or more All branches Average Branch Operating Income Contribution (In thousands) Percentage Increase From Prior Age Category Number of Branches $ $ $ $ $ (5) 291 268 661 560 — 5,920.0% (7.9)% 146.6% 16 28 35 266 345 Historically, net finance receivables per branch and average branch operating income contribution have increased as our branches mature. Beginning in 2021 with our expansion to Illinois, we began to implement a lighter branch footprint strategy, pursuant to which we are leveraging our new technology and digital capabilities to service a wider geographic area in new branch locations. As a result, our new branches opened in 2021 and 2022 have on average grown their net finance receivables and operating income contribution at a faster pace than branches opened prior to 2021. As a result of this strategy, the net finance receivables per branch and the average branch operating income contribution of branches open one to three years exceed that of branches open three to five years in the tables above. We calculate the average branch contribution as total revenues generated by the branch less the expenses directly attributable to the branch, including the provision for losses and operating expenses, such as personnel, lease, and interest expenses. General corporate overhead, including management salaries, is not attributed to any individual branch. Accordingly, the sum of branch contributions from all of our branches is greater than our income before taxes. Human Capital As of December 31, 2022, we had 1,991 employees, including 1,603 employees on our field operations teams and 388 employees (including centralized customer service and collections staff) on our headquarters teams. All of our employees are located within the United States, and none are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We work diligently to attract the best talent in order to meet the current and future demands of our business, and we have demonstrated a history of investing in our workforce by offering competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits, and development opportunities. In addition, to ensure that we provide a rewarding experience for our employees, we engage independent third parties to conduct periodic employee engagement surveys, enabling us to regularly measure organizational culture and engagement and to improve upon the employee experience, which in turn drives a superior customer experience. We are also committed to fostering, cultivating, and preserving a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DE&I”). We believe that the collective sum of the individual differences, life experiences, knowledge, inventiveness, self-expression, unique capabilities, and talent that our employees invest in their work represent a significant part of our culture, reputation, and achievement. We believe that an emphasis on DE&I drives value for our employees, customers, and stockholders, and that our DE&I commitment enables us to better serve our communities. In 2022, in furtherance of our DE&I objectives, we engaged a third-party consultant to complete a DE&I assessment and make recommendations as to how we can further promote DE&I within our organization. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 8 We also offer our employees a variety of training and development opportunities. New employees complete a comprehensive training curriculum that focuses on the company- and position-specific competencies needed to be successful. The training includes a blended approach utilizing eLearning modules, hands-on exercises, webinars, and assessments. Training content is focused on our operating policies and procedures, as well as several key compliance areas. Incentive compensation for new employees is contingent upon the successful and timely completion of the required new hire training curriculum. All current employees are also required to complete annual compliance training and re-certification. Additional management and developmental training is provided for those employees seeking to advance within our company. @> <: 8 6 +) For additional information on the ways that we seek to empower our employees, please visit our corporate responsibility website at www.regionalfinance.com/corporate-responsibility. The information contained on our corporate responsibility website is not and should not be viewed as being incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Payment and Loan Servicing We have implemented company-wide payment and loan servicing policies and procedures, which are designed to maintain consistent portfolio performance and to ensure regulatory compliance. Our district supervisors, associate vice presidents, state vice presidents, and compliance and internal audit teams regularly review servicing and collection records to ensure compliance with our policies and procedures. Our centralized management information system enables regular monitoring of branch portfolio metrics by management, and the compensation opportunities of our operations employees and senior management have a significant performance component that is closely tied to credit quality, among other defined performance targets. The responsibility for the servicing and collection of each loan generally rests with the originating branch. Borrowers who have signed up for online account access have on-demand access to their account information through Regional’s website. In addition, borrowers may elect to receive automated, one-way text messages with information regarding their account, including payment reminders. Borrowers have the option of making payments (i) in person at a branch where they may pay by cash, check, money order, debit card, or immediate, one-time future, or recurring ACH, (ii) through our customer portal via debit card or immediate, one-time future, or recurring ACH, or (iii) by immediate or one-time future debit card or ACH over the phone. In the fourth quarter of 2022, approximately 80% (by dollar amount) of customer payments were made by debit card or ACH. If a loan becomes severely delinquent, a branch may receive co-collection assistance from our centralized servicing team or third-party collector. Our philosophy is to work with customers experiencing payment difficulties. If a customer is unable to make the required payments to bring his or her loan current, acceptable solutions to remedy a past due loan may include deferral of a payment, loan renewal, or settlement. All solutions are intended to enable the customer to meet his or her current and future obligations in a manner that we believe will mitigate our risk, while also complying with state and federal laws and regulations, as well as our policies and procedures. Customers generally are limited to two deferrals of their monthly payment in a rolling twelve-month period unless it is determined that an exception is warranted (e.g. due to a natural disaster or pandemic). For example, since the COVID-19 pandemic, we have temporarily allowed up to three deferrals in a rolling twelve-month period. We generally limit the refinancing of delinquent loans to those customers who have made recent payments and for whom we have verified current employment, and we do not charge any origination fees on the refinancing of a severely delinquent loan. We believe that refinancing delinquent loans for certain deserving customers who have made periodic payments allows us to help customers resolve temporary financial setbacks and repair or sustain their credit. During 2022, we refinanced approximately $13.5 million of loans that were 60 or more days contractually past due, representing approximately 0.8% of our total loan originations in 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of such refinanced loans was $11.2 million, or 0.7% of finance receivables as of such date. We may also agree to settle a past-due loan by accepting less than the full principal balance owed. A settlement is only used in certain limited cases and is only offered once we have determined that we are unlikely to collect the entire outstanding balance of the loan. For seriously delinquent accounts, we may seek legal judgments or pursue repossession of collateral. We typically initiate repossession efforts only when we have exhausted other means of collection and, in the opinion of management, the customer is unlikely to make further payments. We sell substantially all repossessed collateral through sales conducted by independent auction organizations, after the required post-repossession waiting period. Generally, we charge off loans during the month that the loan becomes 180 days contractually delinquent. Accounts without a lien on a vehicle in a confirmed Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy are charged off at 60 days contractually delinquent, subject to certain exceptions. Deceased borrower accounts are charged off in the month following the proper notification of passing, with the exception of borrowers with credit life insurance. We sell most of our charged-off accounts to third-party debt buyers. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 9 Information Technology We utilize a loan origination and servicing platform offered by Nortridge Software, LLC (“Nortridge”) both to originate loans and to service our loan portfolio. We have invested in customizing the Nortridge platform to meet our needs based upon our specific products, processes, and reporting requirements. The Nortridge custom decision engine utilizes application information and a credit report detailing the applicant’s credit history to generate an initial credit decision and to guide our branch employees through the loan origination process to the final credit decision. Throughout the life of the loan, our employees utilize Nortridge to, among other things, enter payments, generate collection queues, and log collection activity. Nortridge also facilitates electronic and recurring payments, automated text messaging, and customer account access through a customer portal. Nortridge logs and maintains, within our centralized information systems, a permanent record of the loan origination and servicing approvals and processes, and permits all levels of branch and centralized management to review the individual and collective performance of all branches for which they are responsible on a daily basis. We intend to continue to enhance the Nortridge platform to further leverage its capabilities and to meet our evolving needs. Competition The consumer finance industry is highly fragmented, with numerous competitors. We compete with several national companies operating greater than 300 branch locations each, a handful of smaller, regionally-focused companies with between 100 and 300 branches in certain of the states in which we operate, and many independent operators with fewer than 100 branches. We believe that competition between installment consumer loan companies occurs primarily on the basis of price, breadth of loan product offerings, flexibility of loan terms offered, and the quality of customer service provided. While underbanked customers may also use alternative financial services providers, such as title lenders, payday lenders, and pawn shops, these providers’ products offer different terms and typically carry substantially higher interest rates and fees than our installment loans. Accordingly, we believe that alternative financial services providers are not an attractive option for customers who meet our underwriting standards, which are generally stricter than the underwriting standards of alternative financial services providers. Our small and large loans also compete with pure online lenders, peer-to-peer lenders, and issuers of non-prime credit cards. Seasonality Our loan volume and contractual delinquency follow seasonal trends. Demand for our loans is typically highest during the second, third, and fourth quarters, which we believe is largely due to customers borrowing money for vacation, back-to-school, and holiday spending. Loan demand has generally been the lowest during the first quarter, which we believe is largely due to the timing of income tax refunds. Delinquencies generally reach their lowest point in the first half of the year and rise in the second half of the year. Changes in quarterly growth or liquidation could result in larger allowance for credit loss releases in periods of portfolio liquidation, and larger provisions for credit losses in periods of portfolio growth. Consequently, we experience seasonal fluctuations in our operating results. However, changes in macroeconomic factors, including inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical conflict, have impacted our typical seasonal trends for loan volume and delinquency. Government Regulation Consumer finance companies are subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and licensing under various federal, state, and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances. Many of these laws impose detailed constraints on how we originate loans, offer optional products, collect on debt, and otherwise operate our business. The software that we use to originate loans is designed in part to aid in compliance with all applicable lending laws and regulations. State Lending Regulation. We are regulated by state agencies that regularly audit our branches and operations. In general, most state statutes establish maximum loan amounts and interest rates, as well as the types and maximum amounts of fees and insurance premiums that we may charge for both direct and indirect lending. These specific allowable charges vary by state. In addition, state laws regulate the keeping of books and records and other aspects of the operation of consumer finance companies, and state and federal laws regulate account collection practices. State agency approval is required to open new branches, and each of our branches is separately licensed under the laws of the state in which the branch is located. Licenses granted by the regulatory agencies in these states are subject to annual renewal and revocation for failing to comply with applicable state and federal laws and regulations. In the states in which we currently operate, licenses may be revoked only after an administrative hearing. We believe we are in compliance with state laws and regulations applicable to our lending operations in each state. State Insurance Regulation. Premiums and charges for optional collateral and credit protection insurance products are set at or below authorized statutory rates and are stated separately in our disclosures to customers, as required by the Truth in Lending Act and by various applicable state laws. We are also subject to state laws and regulations governing insurance agents in the states in which we sell insurance. State insurance regulations require that insurance agents be licensed and limit the premium amount Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 10 @> <: 8 6 +) charged for such insurance. Our captive insurance subsidiary is regulated by the insurance authorities of the Turks and Caicos Islands of the British West Indies, where the subsidiary is organized and domiciled. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). At the federal level, Congress enacted comprehensive financial regulatory reform legislation in 2010. A significant focus of the law, known as the Dodd-Frank Act, is heightened consumer protection. The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), which has regulatory, supervisory, and enforcement powers over providers of consumer financial products and services, including explicit supervisory authority to examine and require registration of non-depository lenders and to promulgate rules that can affect the practices and activities of lenders. The Dodd-Frank Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder may affect our operations through increased oversight of financial services products by the CFPB and the imposition of restrictions on the terms of certain loans. The CFPB has significant authority to implement and enforce federal consumer finance laws, including the protections established in the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as the authority to identify and prohibit unfair, deceptive, and abusive acts and practices. To that end, the Dodd-Frank Act gives the CFPB the authority to establish supervisory authority over a nonbank covered person that it has reasonable cause to determine is engaging, or has engaged, in conduct that poses risks to consumers. The Dodd-Frank Act also gives the CFPB the authority to examine and regulate large non-depository financial companies and gives the CFPB authority over entities deemed by rule to be a “larger participant of a market for other consumer financial products or services.” The CFPB contemplates regulating the installment lending industry as part of the “consumer credit and related activities” market. However, this so-called “larger participant rule” will not impose substantive consumer protection requirements, but rather will provide to the CFPB the authority to supervise larger participants in certain markets by requiring reports and conducting examinations to ensure, among other things, that larger participants are complying with existing federal consumer financial laws. While the CFPB has defined a “larger participant” standard for certain markets, such as the debt collection, automobile finance, and consumer reporting markets, it has not yet acted to define “larger participant” in the traditional installment lending market. In addition to the grant of certain regulatory powers to the CFPB, the Dodd-Frank Act gives the CFPB authority to pursue administrative proceedings or litigation for violations of federal consumer financial laws. In these proceedings, the CFPB can obtain cease and desist orders (which can include orders for restitution or rescission of contracts, as well as other kinds of affirmative relief) and monetary penalties. Also, where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act or CFPB regulations thereunder, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and state regulators to bring civil actions to remedy violations of state law. Other Federal Laws and Regulations. In addition to the Dodd-Frank Act and state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances, numerous other federal laws and regulations affect our lending operations. These laws include the Truth in Lending Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the Military Lending Act, the Gramm- Leach-Bliley Act, and in each case the regulations thereunder, and the Federal Trade Commission’s Credit Practices Rule. These laws require us to provide complete disclosure of the principal terms of each loan to the borrower prior to the consummation of the loan transaction, prohibit misleading advertising, protect against discriminatory lending practices, govern the manner in which we report customer information to consumer reporting agencies, govern the terms of loans to servicemembers, and proscribe unfair credit practices. • • • • Truth in Lending Act. Under the Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, we must disclose certain material terms related to a credit transaction, including, but not limited to, the annual percentage rate, finance charge, amount financed, total of payments, the number and amount of payments, and payment due dates to repay the indebtedness. Equal Credit Opportunity Act. Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated thereunder, we cannot discriminate against any credit applicant on the basis of any protected category, such as race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age. We are also required to make certain disclosures regarding consumer rights and advise customers whose credit applications are not approved of the reasons for the denial. Fair Credit Reporting Act. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, we must provide certain information to customers whose credit applications are not approved on the basis of a report obtained from a consumer reporting agency, promptly update any credit information reported to a credit reporting agency about a customer, and have a process by which customers may inquire about credit information furnished by us to a consumer reporting agency. Servicemembers Civil Relief Act. The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act is designed to ease legal and financial burdens on military personnel and their families during active-duty status. We may be required to reduce interest rates on “pre- Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 11 service” debts incurred by servicemembers, and we may be prohibited from pursuing certain forms of legal action against servicemembers, such as default judgments, during periods of active duty. • Military Lending Act. The Military Lending Act applies to active duty servicemembers and their covered dependents. We are prohibited from charging a borrower covered under the Military Lending Act more than a 36% Military Annual Percentage Rate, which includes certain costs associated with the loan in calculating the interest rate. • • Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, we must protect the confidentiality of our customers’ non- public personal information and disclose information on our privacy policy and practices, including with regard to the sharing of customers’ non-public personal information with third parties. This disclosure must be provided at the time the customer relationship is established and, in some cases, at least annually thereafter. Credit Practices Rule. The Federal Trade Commission’s Credit Practices Rule limits the types of property we may accept as collateral to secure a consumer loan. Violations of these statutes, laws, and regulations may result in actions for damages, claims for refund of payments made, certain fines and penalties, injunctions against certain practices, and the potential forfeiture of rights to repayment of loans. In addition, because we utilize third-party debt collectors, we are responsible for oversight of their procedures and controls, as they pertain to our collection activities. For a discussion regarding how risks and uncertainties associated with the current regulatory environment may impact our future expenses, net income, and overall financial condition, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Additional Information The Company’s principal internet address is www.regionalmanagement.com. The Company provides its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, free of charge on www.regionalmanagement.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company’s consumer website is www.regionalfinance.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, the Company’s websites is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company has included its website addresses as factual references and does not intend the website addresses to be active links to such websites. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS. We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. The following discussion highlights some of the risks that may affect our future operating results. These are the risks and uncertainties that we believe are the most important for you to consider, but the risks described below are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, that we currently deem immaterial, or that are similar to those faced by other companies in our industry or in business in general, may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks or uncertainties occurs, continues, or worsens, our business, financial condition, and operating results would likely suffer. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Risk Factor Summary Our business is subject to a number of material risks that may adversely affect our company. These risks are discussed in greater detail below, and include, but are not limited to, risks related to: Risks related to our business and operations • Managing our growth effectively, implementing our growth strategy, and opening new branches as planned; • • • • • • • Our convenience check strategy; Our policies and procedures for underwriting, processing, and servicing loans; Our ability to collect on our loan portfolio; Our insurance operations; Exposure to credit risk and repayment risk, which risks may increase in light of adverse or recessionary economic conditions; The implementation of evolving underwriting models and processes, including as to the effectiveness of our custom scorecards; Changes in the competitive environment in which we operate or a decrease in the demand for our products; Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 12 @> <: 8 6 +) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Geographic concentration of our loan portfolio; Failure of third-party service providers, including those providing information technology products; Changes in economic conditions in the markets we serve, including levels of unemployment and bankruptcies; Our ability to achieve successful acquisitions and strategic alliances; Our ability to make technological improvements as quickly as our competitors; Security breaches, cyber-attacks, failures in our information systems, or fraudulent activity; Our ability to originate loans; Our reliance on information technology resources and providers, including the risk of prolonged system outages; Changes in current revenue and expense trends, including trends affecting delinquencies and credit losses; Any future public health crises (including the resurgence of COVID-19), including the impact of such crisis on our operations and financial condition; Changes in operating and administrative expenses; The departure, transition, or replacement of key personnel; Our ability to identify and hire qualified personnel; Our ability to timely and effectively implement, transition to, and maintain the necessary information technology systems, infrastructure, processes, and controls to support our operations and initiatives; Changes in interest rates; Existing sources of liquidity become insufficient or access to these sources becomes unexpectedly restricted; and Exposure to financial risk due to asset-backed securitization transactions. Risks related to regulation and legal proceedings • • • • Our products and activities are strictly and comprehensively regulated; Changes in laws or regulations or in the interpretation or enforcement of laws or regulations; Changes in accounting standards, rules, and interpretations and the failure of related assumptions and estimates; and The impact of changes in tax laws and guidance, including the timing and amount of revenues that we may recognize. Risks related to the ownership of our common stock • • • Volatility in the market price of shares of our common stock; The timing and amount of future cash dividend payments; and Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and applicable state law. Risks Related to Our Business and Operations We have grown significantly in recent years, and our delinquency, credit loss rates, and overall results of operations may be adversely affected if we do not manage our growth effectively. We have experienced substantial growth in recent years, increasing the size of our finance receivable portfolio from $834.0 million at the beginning of 2018 to $1.7 billion at the end of 2022, a compound annual growth rate of 15.3%. We intend to continue our growth strategy in the future. As we increase the number of branches we operate, we will be required to find new, or relocate existing, employees to operate our branches and allocate resources to train and supervise those employees. The success of a branch depends significantly on the manager overseeing its operations and on our ability to enforce our underwriting standards and implement controls over branch operations. Recruiting suitable managers for new branches can be challenging, particularly in remote areas and in areas where we face significant competition. Furthermore, the annual turnover rate among our branch managers was approximately 17% in 2021 and 23% in 2022, and turnover rates of managers in our new branches may be similar or higher. Increasing the number of branches that we operate may divide the attention of our senior management or strain our ability to adapt our infrastructure and systems to accommodate our growth. If we are unable to promote, relocate, or recruit suitable managers, oversee their activities effectively, maintain our underwriting and loan servicing standards, and otherwise appropriately Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 13 and effectively staff our branches, our delinquency and credit loss rates may increase and our overall results of operations may be adversely impacted. We face significant risks in implementing our growth strategy, some of which are outside of our control. We intend to continue our growth strategy, which is based on opening and acquiring branches in existing and new markets, introducing new products and channels, and increasing the finance receivable portfolios of our existing branches. Our ability to execute this growth strategy is subject to significant risks, some of which are beyond our control, including: • • • • • • the inherent uncertainty regarding general economic conditions, including the impact of recent elevated inflation; the prevailing laws and regulatory environment of each state in which we operate or seek to operate and federal laws and regulations, all of which are subject to change at any time; the degree of competition in new markets and its effect on our ability to attract new customers; our ability to identify attractive locations for new branches; our ability to recruit qualified personnel, particularly in remote areas and in areas where we face a great deal of competition; and our ability to obtain adequate financing for our expansion plans. For example, certain states into which we may expand limit the number of lending licenses granted. For instance, Georgia and New Mexico require a “convenience and advantage” assessment of a new lending license and location prior to the granting of the license. This assessment adds time and expense to opening new locations and creates risk that our state regulator will deny an application for a new lending license due to a perceived oversaturation of existing licensed lenders in the area in which we seek to expand and operate. There can be no assurance that if we apply for a license for a new branch, whether in one of the states where we currently operate or in a state into which we would like to expand, we will be granted a license to operate. We also cannot be certain that any such license, even if granted, would be obtained in a timely manner or without burdensome conditions or limitations. In addition, we may not be able to obtain and maintain the regulatory approvals, government permits, or licenses that may be required to operate. We are exposed to credit risk in our lending activities. Our ability to collect on loans depends on the willingness and repayment ability of our borrowers. Any material adverse change in the effectiveness of our underwriting models, our implementation of such models (including through our loan origination software and processes), or the ability or willingness of a significant portion of our borrowers to meet their obligations to us, whether due to changes in general economic, political, or social conditions, the cost of consumer goods, interest rates, natural disasters, military conflict or acts of war or terrorism, a prolonged public health crisis, epidemic, or pandemic (such as COVID-19), or other causes over which we have no control, or to changes or events affecting our borrowers such as unemployment, major medical expenses, bankruptcy, divorce, or death, would have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition. Further, a substantial majority of our borrowers are non-prime borrowers who are more likely to be affected, and more severely affected, by adverse macroeconomic conditions. We cannot be certain that our credit administration personnel, policies, and procedures will adequately adapt to changes in economic or any other conditions affecting customers and the quality of the loan portfolio. Our convenience check strategy exposes us to certain risks. A significant portion of the growth in our installment loans portfolio has been achieved through direct mail campaigns. One aspect of our direct mail campaigns involves mailing “convenience checks” to pre-screened recipients, which recipients can sign and cash or deposit, thereby agreeing to the terms of the proposed loan, which are disclosed on the front and back of the check and in the accompanying disclosures. We use convenience checks to seed new branch openings and to attract new customers to existing branches in our geographic footprint. In 2021 and 2022, loans initiated through convenience checks represented 22.8% and 27.2%, respectively, of the value of our originated installment loans. We expect that convenience checks will continue to represent a meaningful portion of our installment loan originations in the future. There are several risks associated with the use or origination of convenience checks, including the following: • it is more difficult to maintain sound underwriting standards with convenience check customers who historically have presented a higher risk of default than customers that originate loans in our branches, as we do not meet convenience check customers prior to soliciting them and extending a loan to them, and we may not be able to verify certain elements of their financial condition, including their current employment status, income, or life circumstances; Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 14 • we rely on credit information from a third-party credit bureau that is more limited than a full credit report to pre-screen potential convenience check recipients, which may not be as effective as a full credit report or may be inaccurate or outdated; • we face limitations on the number of potential borrowers who meet our lending criteria within proximity to our branches; • we may not be able to continue to access the demographic and credit file information that we use to generate our mailing @> <: 8 6 +) • • • • • • lists due to expanded regulatory or privacy restrictions; convenience checks pose a risk of fraud; any failure by the bank that issues and processes our convenience checks to properly process the convenience checks could limit the ability of a recipient to cash the check and enter into a loan with us; customers may opt out of direct mail solicitations and solicitations based on their credit file or may otherwise prohibit us from soliciting them; postal rates and production costs may continue to rise; potential changes in federal or state laws may prohibit the practice of directly mailing convenience checks to potential borrowers; and the bank that issues our convenience checks may exit the business, and we may be unable to find a replacement issuer bank. In the future, we could experience one or more of these issues associated with our direct mail strategy. Any increase in the use of convenience checks will further increase our exposure to, and the magnitude of, these risks. The loans that we generate are generally obligations of non-prime borrowers and will likely have higher default rates than loans constituting primarily obligations of prime borrowers. The loans we generate are generally obligations of “non-prime” borrowers who do not qualify for, or have difficulty qualifying for, credit from traditional sources of consumer credit as result of, among other things, moderate income, limited assets, other adverse income characteristics, and/or a limited credit history or an impaired credit record, which may include a history of irregular employment, previous bankruptcy filings, repossessions of property, charged-off loans, and/or garnishment of wages. The average interest rate charged to such “non-prime” borrowers generally is higher than that charged by commercial banks and other institutions providing traditional sources of consumer credit. These traditional sources of consumer credit typically impose more stringent credit requirements than the personal loan products that we provide. As a result of the general credit profile of our borrowers and the interest rates on the loans we make, the historical delinquency and default experience on our loans may be higher (and may be significantly higher) than those experienced by financial products arising from traditional sources of consumer credit. Additionally, delinquency and default experience on our loans is likely to be more sensitive to changes in the economic climate in the areas in which our borrowers reside. Social and economic factors may affect repayment of the loans comprising our loan portfolio. The ability of our borrowers to make payments on their loans, as well as the prepayment experience thereon, will be affected by a variety of social and economic factors. Economic factors include interest rates, unemployment levels, gasoline prices, the availability and cost of credit (including mortgages), upward adjustments in monthly mortgage payments, real estate values, the rate of inflation, and consumer perceptions of economic conditions generally. Economic conditions may also be impacted by localized weather events and environmental disasters or adverse impacts from public health crises, epidemics, or pandemics (such as COVID- 19). Social factors include changes in consumer confidence levels and attitudes toward incurring debt and changing attitudes regarding the stigma of personal bankruptcy. Our policies and procedures for underwriting, processing, and servicing loans are subject to potential failure or circumvention, which may adversely affect our results of operations. Except for loans originated by a centralized branch and serviced at a centralized location pursuant to a limited program we operate in select markets, a substantial portion of our underwriting activities and our credit extension decisions are made at our local branches. We rely on certain inputs and verifications in the underwriting process to be performed by individual personnel at the branch level or a centralized location. In addition, pursuant to our operations policies and procedures, exceptions to the general underwriting criteria can be approved by central underwriting employees and certain other senior employees. We train our employees individually onsite in the branch or at a centralized location and through online training modules to make loans that Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 15 conform to our underwriting standards. Such training includes critical aspects of state and federal regulatory compliance, cash handling, account management, and customer relations. Although we have standardized employee manuals and online training modules, we primarily rely on our district supervisors, with oversight by our state vice presidents, branch auditors, and headquarters personnel, to train and supervise our branch employees, rather than centralized training programs. Therefore, the quality of training and supervision may vary from district to district and branch to branch depending on the amount of time apportioned to training and supervision and individual interpretations of our operations policies and procedures. There can also be no assurance that we will be able to attract, train, and retain qualified personnel to perform the tasks that are part of the underwriting process. If the training or supervision of our personnel fails to be effective, or if we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, it is possible that our underwriting criteria would be improperly applied to a greater percentage of such applications. If such improper applications were to increase, delinquency and losses on our loan portfolio could increase and could increase significantly. In addition, we rely on certain third-party service providers in connection with loan underwriting and origination. Any error or failure by a third-party service provider in providing loan underwriting and origination services may cause us to originate loans to borrowers that do not meet our underwriting standards. We cannot be certain that every loan is made in accordance with our underwriting standards and rules. We have experienced instances of loans extended that varied from our underwriting standards. Variances in underwriting standards and lack of supervision could expose us to greater delinquencies and credit losses than we have historically experienced. Due to the general decentralized nature in which the loan application process occurs, employee misconduct or error in the application or closing process could also result in the origination of loans that do not satisfy our underwriting standards, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with customers and counterparties, we rely heavily on information provided by customers, counterparties, and other third parties, including credit bureaus and data aggregators, the inaccuracy or incompleteness of which may adversely affect our results of operations. We further rely on representations of customers and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. If a significant percentage of our customers were to intentionally or negligently misrepresent any of this information, or provide incomplete information, and our internal processes were to fail to detect such misrepresentations in a timely manner, or any or all of the other components of the underwriting process described above were to fail, it could result in our approval of a loan that, based on our underwriting criteria, we would not have otherwise made. As a result, our earnings and our financial condition could be negatively impacted. We may be limited in our ability to collect on our loan portfolio, and the security interests securing a significant portion of our loan portfolio are not perfected, which may increase our credit losses. Legal and practical limitations may limit our ability to collect on our loan portfolio, resulting in increased credit losses, decreased revenues, and decreased earnings. State and federal laws and regulations restrict our collection efforts. The amounts that we are able to recover from the repossession and sale of collateral typically do not fully cover the outstanding loan balance and costs of recovery. In cases where we repossess a vehicle securing a loan, we generally sell our repossessed automobile inventory through sales conducted by independent automobile auction organizations after the required post-repossession waiting period. In certain instances, we may sell repossessed collateral other than vehicles through our branches after the required post-repossession waiting period and appropriate receipt of valid bids. In either case, such sales are made consistent with applicable state law. The proceeds we receive from such sales depend upon various factors, including the supply of, and demand for, used vehicles and other property at the time of sale. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, there may be less demand for used vehicles and other property that we desire to resell. Most of our loan portfolio is secured, but a significant portion of such security interests have not been and will not be perfected, which means that we cannot be certain that such security interests will be given first priority over other creditors. The lack of perfected security interests is one of several factors that may make it more difficult for us to collect on our loan portfolio. Additionally, for those of our loans that are unsecured, borrowers may choose to repay obligations under other indebtedness before repaying loans to us because such borrowers may feel that they have no collateral at risk. In addition, given the relatively small size of our loans, the costs of collecting loans may be high relative to the amount of the loan. As a result, many collection practices that are legally available, such as litigation, may be financially impracticable. Lastly, there is an inherent risk that a portion of the retail installment contracts that we hold will be subject to certain claims or defenses that the borrower may assert against the originator of the contract and, by extension, us as the holder of the contract. These factors may increase our credit losses, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 16 @> <: 8 6 +) Our insurance operations are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. We market and sell optional credit life, accident and health, personal property, involuntary unemployment, and vehicle single interest insurance to our borrowers in selected markets as an agent for an unaffiliated third-party insurance company. In addition, on certain loans, we collect a fee from our customers and use such fee to acquire non-file insurance from an unaffiliated insurance company for our benefit in lieu of recording and perfecting our security interest in certain personal property collateral. The unaffiliated insurance company cedes to our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, RMC Reinsurance, Ltd., all of these insurance policies, the related net insurance premium revenue and the associated insurance claims liability for such insurance products, including the non-file insurance that we purchase. When purchased by a borrower, the optional credit insurance products benefit the borrower by insuring the borrower’s payment obligations on the associated loan in the event of the borrower’s inability to make monthly payments due to death, disability, or involuntary unemployment, or in the event of a casualty event associated with collateral. The borrower finances payment of the associated premium with the financed premium included in the principal balance of the applicable loan. A credit insurance product may be cancelled if, for example, (i) we request cancellation due to the borrower’s default on obligations under the associated loan, (ii) the borrower prepays the principal balance of the associated loan in full, or (iii) the borrower elects to terminate the credit insurance prior to the expiration of the term thereof (which the borrower may do at any time). Generally, upon any cancellation of credit insurance, the borrower will be entitled to a refund of the unearned premium for the cancelled insurance. We typically refund insurance premiums by reducing the principal balance of the associated loan by the required refund amount, following which the unaffiliated insurance company reimburses us for the refunded amount. Our insurance operations are subject to a number of material risks and uncertainties, including changes in laws and regulations, borrower demand for insurance products, claims experience, and insurance carrier relationships; the manner in which we are permitted to offer such products; capital and reserve requirements; the frequency and type of regulatory monitoring and reporting to which we are subject; benefits or loss ratio requirements; insurance producer licensing or appointment requirements; and reinsurance operations. In addition, because our borrowers are not required to purchase the credit insurance products that we offer, we cannot be certain that borrower demand for credit insurance products will not decrease in the future. In addition to adversely impacting our insurance income, net, any decrease in the demand for credit insurance products would negatively impact our interest and fee income because we finance substantially all of our borrowers’ insurance premiums. Our insurance operations are also dependent on our lending operations as the sole source of business and product distribution. If our lending operations discontinue offering insurance products, our insurance operations would have no method of distribution. Insurance claims and policyholder liabilities are also difficult to predict and may exceed the related reserves set aside for claims and associated expenses for claims adjudication. We are also dependent on the continued willingness of unaffiliated third-party insurance companies to participate in the credit insurance market and to offer non-file insurance to us. If our insurance provider is for any reason unable or unwilling to meet its claims and premium reimbursement payment obligations or its premium ceding obligations, we would experience increased net credit losses, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, and other losses and expenses. Finally, in recent years, as large loans have become a greater percentage of our portfolio, the severity of non-file insurance claims has increased and non-file insurance claims expenses have exceeded non-file insurance premiums by a material amount. The resulting net loss from the non-file insurance product is reflected in our insurance income, net. It is uncertain whether the non-file insurance product will be available to us in the future on the same terms as it is today, or at all. If the unaffiliated insurance company were to enforce limitations on our non-file loss ratios or otherwise change the terms under which it offers non-file insurance to us, our net credit losses, loss rates, and provision for credit losses could increase. If any of these events, risks, or uncertainties were to occur or materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and cash flows. A reduction in demand for our products and a failure by us to adapt to such reduction could adversely affect our business and results of operations. The demand for the products we offer may be reduced due to a variety of factors, such as demographic patterns, changes in customer preferences or financial conditions, regulatory restrictions that decrease customer access to particular products, or the availability of competing products, including through alternative or competing marketing channels. For example, we are highly dependent upon selecting and maintaining attractive branch locations. These locations are subject to local market conditions, including the employment available in the area, housing costs, traffic patterns, crime, and other demographic influences, any of which may quickly change, thereby negatively impacting demand for our products in the area. Should we fail to adapt to significant Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 17 changes in our customers’ demand for, or access to, our products, our revenues could decrease significantly and our operations could be harmed. Even if we do make changes to existing products or introduce new products and channels to fulfill customer demand, customers may resist or may reject such products. Moreover, the effect of any product change on the results of our business may not be fully ascertainable until the change has been in effect for some time, and by that time it may be too late to make further modifications to such product without causing further harm to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We face strong direct and indirect competition. The consumer finance industry is highly competitive, and the barriers to entry for new competitors are relatively low in the markets in which we operate. We compete for customers, locations, employees, and other important aspects of our business with many other local, regional, national, and international financial institutions, many of which have greater financial resources than we do. Our installment loan operations compete with other installment lenders, as well as with alternative financial services providers (such as payday and title lenders, check advance companies, and pawnshops), online or peer-to-peer lenders, issuers of non-prime credit cards, and other competitors. We believe that future regulatory developments in the consumer finance industry may cause lenders that focus on alternative financial services to begin to offer installment loans. In addition, if companies in the installment loan business attempt to provide more attractive loan terms than is standard across the industry, we may lose customers to those competitors. With respect to installment loans, we compete primarily on the basis of price, breadth of loan product offerings, flexibility of loan terms offered, and the quality of customer service provided. We may attempt to pursue acquisitions or strategic alliances that may be unsuccessful. We may attempt to achieve our business objectives through acquisitions and strategic alliances. We compete with other companies for these opportunities, including companies with greater financial resources, and we cannot be certain that we will be able to effect acquisitions or strategic alliances on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Furthermore, most acquisition targets that we have pursued previously have been significantly smaller than us. We do not have extensive experience with integrating larger acquisitions. In pursuing these transactions, we may experience, among other things: • • • • • • • overvaluing potential targets; difficulties in integrating any acquired companies, branches, or products into our existing business, including integration of account data into our information systems; inability to realize the benefits we anticipate in a timely fashion, or at all; attrition of key personnel from acquired businesses; unexpected losses due to the acquisition of loan portfolios with loans originated using less stringent underwriting criteria; significant costs, charges, or write-downs; or unforeseen operating difficulties that require significant financial and managerial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development and expansion of our existing operations. Geographic concentration of our loan portfolio may increase the risk of loss. Any concentration of our loan portfolio in a state or region may present unique risk concentrations. Our branches in South Carolina, Texas, and North Carolina accounted for 11%, 34%, and 15%, respectively, of our finance receivables as of December 31, 2022. Further, as of December 31, 2022, all of our operations were across 18 states. As a result, we are highly susceptible to adverse economic conditions in these areas. The unemployment and bankruptcy rates in some states in our footprint are among the highest in the country. High unemployment rates may reduce the number of qualified borrowers to whom we will extend loans, which would result in reduced loan originations. In addition, some geographic regions of the United States will, from time to time, experience weaker regional economic conditions and consequently will experience higher rates of loss and delinquency. A regional economy may be affected by the loss of jobs in certain industries, by state and local taxes, or by other factors. A region’s economic condition may be directly, or indirectly, adversely affected by international events such as military conflicts or wars, prolonged public health crises, epidemics, or pandemics (such as COVID-19), national events such as civil disturbances, or natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes, and other extreme conditions (including an increase in frequency of such conditions and events as a result of climate change). These events and disasters may occur in any area of the country, even places where these events are considered unlikely. In the event that a significant portion of our loan portfolio is comprised of loans owed by borrowers residing in certain jurisdictions, economic conditions, elevated bankruptcy filings, natural disasters, or other factors affecting these jurisdictions Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 18 @> <: 8 6 +) in particular could adversely impact the delinquency and default experience of our loan portfolio, and, we could experience reduced or delayed payments on outstanding loans. For example, in 2017 and 2018, we experienced increases in credit losses as a result of hurricanes impacting customer accounts in our geographic footprint. These losses occurred in states where a substantial majority of our loan portfolio is concentrated—specifically in Texas in 2017 and in South Carolina and North Carolina in 2018. Conversely, an improvement in economic conditions could result in prepayments by our borrowers of their payment obligations on our loans. As a result, we may receive principal payments on the outstanding loans earlier than anticipated, which would reduce our finance receivables and the interest income earned thereon. No prediction can be made and no assurance can be given as to the effect of economic conditions on the rate of delinquencies, prepayments, or losses on our loan portfolio with respect to any part of our geographic footprint. Further, the concentration of our loan portfolio in one or more states would have a disproportionate effect on our business if governmental authorities in any of those states take action against us. In addition, the occurrence of any of the adverse regulatory or legislative events described in this “Risk Factors” section in states with a high concentration of our loan portfolio could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For example, if interest rates in South Carolina, which currently are not capped, were to be capped, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected. Failure of third-party service providers upon which we rely could adversely affect our operations. We rely on certain third-party service providers. In particular, we currently rely on one key vendor to print and mail our convenience check and other offers for direct mail marketing campaigns, and on certain other third-party service providers in connection with loan underwriting, origination, and servicing. Our reliance on these third parties can expose us to certain risks. For example, an error by our convenience check vendor in 2015 resulted in check offers being misdirected to the wrong potential customers, requiring us in some cases to notify state regulators and to refund certain interest and fee amounts, and exposing us to increased credit risk. If any of our third-party service providers, including those third parties providing services in connection with loan underwriting, origination, and servicing, are unable to provide their services timely, accurately, and effectively, or at all, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and cash flows. A failure of information technology products and services on which we rely could disrupt our business. In the operation of our business, we are highly dependent upon a variety of information technology products, including our loan management system, which allows us to record, document, and manage our loan portfolio. We are party to an agreement with Nortridge pursuant to which Nortridge provides us with loan management software and related services. We have tailored the Nortridge software to meet our specific needs. To a certain extent, we depend on the willingness and ability of Nortridge to continue to provide customized solutions and to support our evolving products and business model. In the future, Nortridge may not be willing or able to provide the services necessary to meet our loan management system needs. If this occurs, we may be forced to migrate to an alternative software package, which could cause an interruption in our operations. Further, the Nortridge platform may in the future fail to perform in a manner consistent with our current expectations and may be inadequate for our needs. As we are dependent upon our ability to gather and promptly transmit accurate information to key decision makers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected if our loan management system does not allow us to transmit accurate information, even for a short period of time. Failure to properly or adequately address these issues could materially impact our ability to perform necessary business operations. Further, the Nortridge platform and other third-party software vendor products and applications are subject to damage or interruption from: • • • • • • • power loss, computer systems failures, and internet, telecommunications, or data network failures; operator negligence or improper operation by, or supervision of, employees; physical and electronic loss of data or security breaches, misappropriation, and similar events; computer viruses; cyberterrorism; intentional acts of vandalism and similar events; and hurricanes, fires, floods, and other natural disasters. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 19 Any failure of the Nortridge platform or any other third-party software vendor product systems due to any of these causes, if it is not supported by our disaster recovery plan, could cause an interruption in operations. Though we have implemented contingency and disaster recovery processes in the event of one or several technology failures, any unforeseen failure, interruption, or compromise of these systems or security measures could affect our origination, servicing, and collection of loans. The risk of possible failures or interruptions may not be adequately addressed, and such failures or interruptions could occur. For example, in January 2020, we experienced an information technology infrastructure event caused by a system backup that affected our ability to originate branch loans and process certain methods of payment. As a result, our loan management system was not fully operational for a total of approximately seven business days. The outage had an adverse impact on our results of operations. Although the Company, with the assistance of third-party experts, addressed and resolved the issue, there can be no assurance that a similar event will not occur in the future. We also rely on third-party software vendors to provide access to loan applications and/or screen applications. There can be no assurance that these third-party providers will continue to provide us information in accordance with our lending guidelines or that they will continue to provide us lending leads at all. We rely on Amazon Web Services and VMWare for the majority of our computing, storage, networking, and similar services. Any disruption of or interference with our use of the Amazon Web Services and VMWare products and services would negatively impact our operations and adversely affect our business. Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) and VMWare, Inc. (“VMWare”) provide the technology infrastructure we use to run our business operations. The technology infrastructure provided includes data center hosting facilities operated by AWS and software defined data center technologies provided by VMWare. Any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS or VMWare products and services would negatively impact our operations and our business would be adversely affected. If our branches or customers encounter difficulties in accessing or are unable to access our platform, we may lose customers and revenue. Due to the nature of the AWS and VMWare products and services provided, we are unable to easily transition from these vendors to other providers, and any such transition could require business downtime that could negatively impact our business. AWS and VMWare also possess broad discretion to interpret and change their terms of services and other policies that apply to us, which may be unfavorable to our business. Our technology platforms may not meet expectations, and we may not be able to make technological improvements as quickly as some of our competitors. The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology- driven products, services, and marketing channels. We rely on our integrated branch network as the foundation of our omni-channel platform and the primary point of contact with our active accounts. In order to serve consumers who want to reach us over the internet, we make an online loan application available on our consumer website, and we provide our customers an online customer portal, giving them online access to their account information and an electronic payment option. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demand for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. We expect that new technologies and business processes applicable to the consumer finance industry will continue to emerge, and these new technologies and business processes may be more efficient than those that we currently use. We cannot ensure that we will be able to sustain our investment in new technology, and we may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services as quickly as some of our competitors or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could cause disruptions in our operations, harm our ability to compete with our competitors, and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. Security breaches, cyber-attacks, failures in our information systems, or fraudulent activity could result in damage to our operations or lead to reputational damage. We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Each branch is part of an information network that is designed to permit us to maintain adequate cash inventory, reconcile cash balances on a daily basis, and report revenues and expenses to our headquarters. Our computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to breaches (including via computer hackings), unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, malware, phishing, employee error or malfeasance, or other failures or disruptions that could result in disruption to our business or the loss or theft of confidential information, including customer, employee, and business information. Any failure, interruption, or breach in security of these systems, including any failure of our back-up systems, hardware failures, or an inability to access data maintained offsite, could Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 20 @> <: 8 6 +) result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, loan, and other systems and could result in a loss of data (including loan portfolio data), a loss of customer business, or a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation, possible financial liability, and other adverse consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the techniques that are used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often difficult to detect for long periods of time. Accordingly, we may not be able to detect immediately any such breach, which may increase the losses that we would suffer. In addition, our existing insurance policies would not reimburse us for all of the damages that we might incur as a result of a breach. A security breach or cyber-attack on our computer systems could interrupt or damage our operations or harm our reputation. We have implemented systems and processes designed to protect against unauthorized access to or use of personal information, and rely on encryption and authentication technology to effectively secure transmission of confidential information, including customer bank account, credit card, and other personal information. Despite the implementation of these security measures, there is no guarantee that they are adequate to safeguard against all security breaches and our systems may still be vulnerable to data theft, computer viruses, programming errors, attacks by third parties, or similar disruptive problems. We may also face new or heightened risks related to remote work among certain of our employees and use of digital operations, both of which have become more common as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If we were to experience a security breach or cyber-attack, we could be required to incur substantial costs and liabilities, including, among other things, the following: • • • • • • • expenses to rectify the consequences of the security breach or cyber-attack; liability for stolen assets or information; costs of repairing damage to our systems; lost revenue and income resulting from any system downtime caused by such breach or attack; increased costs of cyber security protection; costs of incentives we may be required to offer to our customers or business partners to retain their business; and damage to our reputation causing customers and investors to lose confidence in our company. Further, any compromise of security or cyber-attack could deter consumers from entering into transactions that require them to provide confidential information to us. In addition, if confidential customer information or information belonging to our business partners is misappropriated from our computer systems, we could be sued by those who assert that we did not take adequate precautions to safeguard our systems and confidential data belonging to our customers or business partners, which could subject us to liability and result in significant legal fees and expenses in defending these claims. As a result, any compromise of security of our computer systems or cyber-attack could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. As part of our business, and subject to applicable privacy laws, we may share confidential customer information and proprietary information with vendors, service providers, and business partners. The information systems of these third parties may also be vulnerable to security breaches, and we may not be able to ensure that these third parties have appropriate security controls in place to protect the information that we share with them. If our proprietary or confidential customer information is intercepted, stolen, misused, or mishandled while in possession of a third party, it could result in reputational harm to us, loss of customer business, and additional regulatory scrutiny, and it could expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and liquidity. Although we maintain insurance that is intended to cover certain losses from such events, there can be no assurance that such insurance will be adequate or available. Pandemics, epidemics, and similar public health crises, including the emergence of new novel coronavirus (COVID-19) variants that result in another pandemic, could adversely impact our business, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in economic disruption and uncertainty within the United States and created significant long- term adverse social, economic, and financial effects in the United States and globally. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental authorities took unprecedented actions in an attempt to limit the spread of the pandemic, including social distancing requirements, stay-at-home orders, mandatory quarantines, closure of non-essential businesses, face mask mandates, and building capacity limitations. While our business was generally classified by government authorities as essential and permitted to remain open during previous government-mandated COVID-19 business closures, we were required to temporarily close our branches in the state of New Mexico for approximately a month in 2020 when the governor issued an executive order to close non-essential Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 21 businesses that excluded consumer finance companies like us from the definition of “essential businesses.” We also experienced temporary closure of certain locations due to company-initiated quarantine measures. If there is a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, or another public health crisis, epidemic, or pandemic arises, governmental authorities could impose new or similar restrictions to those imposed previously during the COVID-19 pandemic. If a new public health crisis emerges, we could also deem it prudent to reinstate company-initiated quarantines or other restrictions. Any such government- or company-mandated restrictions could have a material and direct adverse consequence on our business. Any negative impacts to our loan growth, collections, and delinquencies caused by a future public health crisis could adversely impact our revenues and other results of operations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have relied more heavily on online operations for customer access. Should there be a COVID-19 resurgence or a new public health crisis, epidemic, or pandemic and we experience disruptions in our online operations, including our remote origination capabilities, or are unable to timely expand our remote working infrastructure in response to government or company initiated restrictions, we may be unable to timely and effectively service accounts and perform key business functions. Disruptions in our business could also result from the inability of key personnel and/or a significant portion of our workforce to fulfill their duties due to illness or restriction. We maintain business continuity plans, but there is no assurance that such plans will effectively mitigate the risks posed by any pandemic, epidemic, or similar public health crisis in the future. The extent to which any COVID-19 resurgence and/or new public health crises, epidemics, or pandemics will ultimately impact our business and financial condition will depend on future events that are difficult to forecast, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the event (including as a result of waves of outbreak or variant strains), the success of actions taken to contain, treat, and prevent the pathogen, and the speed at which normal economic and operating conditions return and are sustained. Centralized headquarters’ functions and branch operations are susceptible to disruption by catastrophic events, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our headquarters are in an office building located in Greer, South Carolina, a town located outside of Greenville, South Carolina. Our information systems and administrative and management processes are primarily provided to our branches from this centralized location. Our primary data center facility is located in Northern Virginia, and our backup data center is located in Ohio. These processes could be disrupted if a catastrophic event, such as a tornado, power outage, or act of terror, affected Greenville, Greer, Northern Virginia, or Ohio, or the nearby areas. Severe weather events that could cause damage to our facilities or the prolonged loss of power that would disrupt our ability to provide services are occurring more frequently, and there is no guarantee that our facilities will avoid such a weather event. Any such catastrophic event(s) or other unexpected disruption of our headquarters or data center facility could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The “decentralized” nature of our origination and servicing creates additional risks. We utilize a centralized branch structure in a limited number of markets with the intent that such centralized branch service our customer base; however, we conduct significant operations through our branch offices, including key parts of the underwriting process. There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain qualified personnel to perform these tasks. Inadequate staffing may result in scenarios where fraud or noncompliance with applicable law is not as readily detected, and also may result in heightened exposure to potential employee misconduct, each of which could adversely affect the quality of the loans that we originate or otherwise acquire. Our branches also serve as an important component of our ongoing servicing and collecting processes. Except for loans originated by a centralized branch and serviced at a centralized location in a limited number of markets, the primary responsibility for the servicing and collections process generally resides with the applicable local branch, although in the future, we may direct borrowers to remit payments through one or more lockboxes. A certain minimum level of staffing is necessary in order to ensure an adequate level of servicing and collections. For example, we seek to contact our customers soon after a loan becomes delinquent because historically, when collection efforts begin at an earlier stage of delinquency, there is a greater likelihood that the applicable personal loan will not be charged off (though there is no assurance that such historical trend will continue). Consequently, during periods of increased delinquencies, it becomes extremely important that our branches are properly staffed and trained to take appropriate action in an effort to bring delinquent balances current and ultimately avoid a loan from becoming charged off. If we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified credit and collection personnel, it could result in increased delinquencies and credit losses on our loan portfolio. Additionally, the “decentralized” nature of our branch model may make it more difficult for us to ensure compliance with our origination, acquisition, and servicing procedures and standards than if our operations were centralized in a single location. Similarly, Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 22 @> <: 8 6 +) given the “decentralized” and largely manual processing of a significant portion of payment on our loans, the possibility of delay or misdirection of payments is greater than with payments through lockboxes or electronic channels. The ability of our customers to make in-branch payments and any future inability to make in-branch payments may result in additional risks. As of December 31, 2022, our integrated branch network consisted of 345 branches across 18 states. With respect to our managed portfolio of loan products, during fiscal year 2022, approximately 15% (by dollar amount) of our loan payments were made by cash or check and received in branch, although in the future we may direct borrowers to remit payments through one or more lockboxes. Despite a recent trend in favor of payments via electronic channels, a significant number of borrowers may continue to make payments in branches, including in cash, ACH, or by debit. While we cannot estimate the percentage of borrowers without a checking account, should one or more of the branches become unavailable for any reason for the acceptance of payments, the ability to collect payments from these borrowers who would otherwise make payments at such branch may be adversely affected. Such events could result in increased delinquencies and losses on our loan portfolio. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the number of borrowers that make cash payments or payments in person at our branches in the future will not increase over current levels. In the event that such cash payments are no longer accepted, there can be no assurance that the performance of our loan portfolio would not be adversely affected, resulting in increased delinquencies and losses on our loan portfolio. Regular turnover among our managers and other employees at our branches makes it more difficult for us to operate our branches and increases our costs of operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our workforce is comprised primarily of employees who work on an hourly basis. In certain areas where we operate, there is significant competition for employees. In the past, we have lost employees and candidates to competitors who have been willing to pay higher compensation. Our ability to continue to expand our operations depends on our ability to attract, train, and retain a large and growing number of qualified employees. The turnover among all of our branch employees has risen in each of our most recent fiscal years, from approximately 37% in 2019 to approximately 58% in 2022. This turnover increases our cost of operations and makes it more difficult to operate our branches. Our account executives and assistant manager roles have historically experienced high turnover. We may not be able to retain and cultivate personnel at these ranks for future promotion to branch manager. If our employee turnover rates continue to increase or remain above historical levels or if unanticipated problems arise from our high employee turnover and we are unable to readily replace such employees, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and ability to continue to expand could be adversely affected. The departure, transition, or replacement of key personnel could significantly impact the results of our operations. If we cannot continue to hire and retain high-quality employees, our business and financial results may be negatively affected. Our future success significantly depends on the continued service and performance of our key management personnel. Competition for these employees is intense. Our operating results could be adversely affected by higher employee turnover or increased salary and benefit costs. Like most businesses, our employees are important to our success and we are dependent in part on our ability to retain the services of our key management, operational, finance, and administrative personnel. We have built our business on a set of core values, and we attempt to hire employees who are committed to these values. We want to hire and retain employees who will fit our culture of compliance and of providing exceptional service to our customers. In order to compete and to continue to grow, we must attract, retain, and motivate employees, including those in executive, senior management, and operational positions. As our employees gain experience and develop their knowledge and skills, they become highly desired by other businesses. Therefore, to retain our employees, we must provide a satisfying work environment and competitive compensation and benefits. If costs to retain our skilled employees increase, then our business and financial results may be negatively affected. Furthermore, we may not be successful in retaining the current members of our executive or senior management team or our other key employees. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers, senior management, or key team members, including state vice presidents, or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel as needed, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We also depend on our district supervisors to supervise, train, and motivate our branch employees. These supervisors have significant experience with our company and within our industry, and would be difficult to replace. If we lose a district supervisor to a competitor, we could also be at risk of losing other employees and customers. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 23 A nationwide labor shortage may impede our ability to identify and hire new employees. The United States currently faces a pronounced labor shortage. Our business relies on branch and headquarters personnel to oversee the initiation, review, and servicing of our loan products. Without sufficient staffing, our core business functions could be interrupted, which could affect our results of operations. Further, if we are unable to identify and hire qualified personnel, we may be unable to grow our business effectively in current or new markets. Employee misconduct or misconduct by third parties acting on our behalf could harm us by subjecting us to significant legal liability, regulatory scrutiny, and reputational harm. Our reputation is critical to maintaining and developing relationships with our existing and potential customers and third parties with whom we do business. There is a risk that our employees or third-party contractors could engage in misconduct that adversely affects our business. For example, if an employee or third-party contractor were to engage—or be accused of engaging— in illegal or suspicious activities, we could be subject to regulatory sanctions and suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial condition, customer relationships, and ability to attract future customers. Employee or third-party misconduct could prompt regulators to allege or to determine, based upon such misconduct, that we have not established adequate supervisory systems and procedures to inform employees of applicable rules or to detect and deter violations of such rules. It is not always possible to deter employee or third-party misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent misconduct may not be effective in all cases. Misconduct by our employees or third-party contractors, or even unsubstantiated allegations, could result in a material adverse effect on our reputation and our business. Security breaches in our branches or acts of theft, fraud, or violence could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. A portion of our account payments occur at our branches, either in person or by mail, and often consist of cash payments, which we deposit at local banks each day. This business practice exposes us daily to the potential for employee theft of funds or, alternatively, to theft and burglary due to the cash we maintain in our branches. Despite controls and procedures to prevent such losses, we have sustained losses due to employee theft and fraud (including collusion), including from the origination of fraudulent loans. We are also susceptible to break-ins at our branches, where money or customer records necessary for day-to-day operations (which also contain extensive confidential information about our customers, including financial and personally identifiable information) could be taken. A breach in the security of our branches or in the safety of our employees could result in employee injury, loss of funds or records, and adverse publicity, and could result in a loss of customer business or expose us to additional regulatory scrutiny and penalties, civil litigation, and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition, and results of operations. Our branch offices have physical customer records necessary for day-to-day operations that contain extensive confidential information about our customers, including financial and personally identifiable information. The loss or theft of customer information and data from branch offices or other storage locations could subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and penalties, and could expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our risk management efforts may not be effective. We could incur substantial losses and our business operations could be disrupted if we are unable to effectively identify, manage, monitor, and mitigate financial risks, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, prepayment risk, liquidity risk, and other market- related risks, as well as regulatory and operational risks related to our business, assets, and liabilities. Our risk management policies, procedures, and techniques may not be sufficient to identify all of the risks we are exposed to, mitigate the risks we have identified, or identify additional risks to which we may become subject in the future. We may be unsuccessful in maintaining effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Controls and procedures are particularly important for consumer finance companies. Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud or material error. Any system of controls, however well-designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) requires management of public companies to develop and implement internal controls over financial reporting and evaluate the effectiveness thereof. Under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, a material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 24 reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of our financial reporting. Any failure to maintain current internal controls or implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their maintenance and/or implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. @> <: 8 6 +) If material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future or if our controls and procedures fail or are circumvented, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements, we could be required to restate our financial results, we may be unable to produce accurate and timely financial statements, and we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable stock exchange listing requirements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and stock price. The discovery of a material weakness and the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remediated, could reduce the market value of shares of our common stock. Additionally, the existence of any material weakness or significant deficiency requires management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiency, and management may not be able to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiency in a timely manner. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If our estimate of allowance for credit losses is not adequate to absorb actual losses, our provision for credit losses would increase, which would adversely affect our results of operations. We maintain an allowance for credit losses for all loans we make. To estimate the appropriate level of credit loss reserves, we consider known and relevant internal and external factors that affect loan collectability, including the total amount of loans outstanding; delinquency levels, roll rates, and trends; historical credit losses; our current collection patterns; and economic trends. Our methodology for establishing our allowance for credit losses is based on models (probability of default, loss given default), our historical loss experience, and estimates of future macroeconomic environments. If customer behavior changes because of economic, political, social, or other conditions and if we are unable to predict how the unemployment rate and general economic uncertainty may affect our credit loss allowance, our provision for credit losses may be inadequate. As of December 31, 2021, our allowance for credit losses was $159.3 million, and we had net credit losses of $130.1 million during fiscal year 2022 that related to our portfolio as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, our allowance for credit losses was $178.8 million. Maintaining the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses may require significant and unanticipated changes in our provisions for credit losses, which would materially affect our results of operations. Our allowance for credit losses, however, is an estimate, and if actual credit losses are materially greater than our credit loss allowance, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Neither state regulators nor federal regulators regulate our allowance for credit losses. If assumptions or estimates we use in preparing our financial statements are incorrect or are required to change, our reported results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. We are required to use certain assumptions and estimates in preparing our financial statements under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), including in determining allowances for credit losses, the fair value of financial instruments, asset impairment, reserves related to litigation and other legal matters, the fair value of share-based compensation, and other taxes and regulatory exposures. In addition, significant assumptions and estimates are involved in determining certain disclosures required under GAAP, including those involving the fair value of our financial instruments. If the assumptions or estimates underlying our financial statements are incorrect, the actual amounts realized on transactions and balances subject to those estimates will be different, and this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) may from time-to-time review or propose changes to financial accounting and reporting standards that govern key aspects of our financial statements, including areas where assumptions or estimates are required. As a result of any changes to financial accounting or reporting standards, whether promulgated or required by the FASB or other regulators, we could be required to change certain of the assumptions or estimates we previously used in preparing our financial statements, which could negatively impact how we record and report our results of operations and financial condition generally. For additional information on the key areas for which assumptions and estimates are used in preparing our financial statements, see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 25 We depend to a substantial extent on borrowings under our senior revolving credit facility to fund our liquidity needs. We have a senior revolving credit facility committed through September 2024 that allows us to borrow up to $420.0 million, assuming we are in compliance with a number of covenants and conditions. The senior revolving credit facility is collateralized by certain of our assets, including substantially all of our finance receivables (other than those held by certain special purpose entities (each, an “SPE”), as described below) and equity interests of the majority of our subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under our senior revolving credit facility was $147.5 million ($146.4 million of outstanding debt and $1.2 million of interest payable) and we had $273.6 million of unused capacity on the credit facility (subject to certain covenants and conditions). During fiscal 2022, the maximum amount of borrowings outstanding under the facility at any one time was $213.3 million. We use our senior revolving credit facility as a source of liquidity, including for working capital and to fund the loans we make to our customers. If our existing sources of liquidity become insufficient to satisfy our financial needs or our access to these sources becomes unexpectedly restricted, we may need to try to raise additional capital in the future. If such an event were to occur, we can give no assurance that such alternate sources of liquidity would be available to us on favorable terms or at all. In addition, we cannot be certain that we will be able to replace the senior revolving credit facility when it matures on favorable terms or at all. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. The credit agreements governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could affect our ability to operate our business. The credit agreements governing our senior revolving credit facility and revolving warehouse credit facilities contain a number of covenants that could adversely affect our business and our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions or opportunities. Among other things, these covenants limit our ability to: • • • • • • • incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; purchase loan portfolios in bulk; pay dividends or make distributions on our capital stock or make certain other restricted payments; sell assets, including our loan portfolio or the capital stock of our subsidiaries; enter into transactions with our affiliates; create or incur liens; and consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. The credit agreements also impose certain obligations on us relating to our underwriting standards, recordkeeping and servicing of our loans, and our loss reserves and charge-off policies, and they require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including an interest coverage ratio. If we were to breach any covenants or obligations under our credit agreements and such breaches were to result in an event of default, our lenders could cause all amounts outstanding to become due and payable, subject to applicable grace periods. An event of default in any one credit agreement could also trigger cross-defaults under other existing and future credit agreements and other debt instruments, and materially and adversely affect our financial condition and ability to continue operating our business as a going concern. Our securitizations may expose us to financing and other risks, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to access the securitization market in the future, which may require us to seek more costly financing. As of December 31, 2022, we have completed nine securitizations, and we may in the future securitize certain of our finance receivables to generate cash to originate new finance receivables or to pay our outstanding indebtedness. In such transactions, we typically convey a pool of finance receivables to a special purpose entity, which, in turn, conveys the finance receivables to a trust (the issuing entity). Concurrently, the issuing entity issues non-recourse notes or certificates pursuant to the terms of an indenture and/or amended and restated trust agreement, which then are transferred to the special purpose entity in exchange for the finance receivables. The securities issued by the issuing entity are secured by the pool of finance receivables. In exchange for the transfer of finance receivables to the issuing entity, we typically receive the cash proceeds from the sale of the securities issued by the issuing entity, all residual interests, if any, in the cash flows from the finance receivables after payment of the securities, and a 100% beneficial interest in the issuing entity. Although we successfully completed securitizations during the past five years, we can give no assurances that we will be able to complete additional securitizations, including if, for example, the securitization markets become constrained or events within the Company cause investors to lack confidence in our ability to fulfill our obligations as servicer with respect to the securitizations. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 26 @> <: 8 6 +) Further, the value of any subordinated securities that we may retain in our securitizations might be reduced or, in some cases, eliminated as a result of an adverse change in economic conditions or other factors. Regional Management Corp. currently acts as the servicer (in such capacity, the “Servicer”) with respect to each securitization. If the Servicer defaults in its servicing obligations, an early amortization event could occur under each securitization and the Servicer could be replaced as servicer. Servicer defaults include, but are not limited to, the failure of the Servicer to make any payment, transfer, or deposit in accordance with applicable securitization documents; breaches of representations, warranties, or certifications made by the Servicer under applicable securitization documents; and the occurrence of certain insolvency events with respect to the Servicer. Such an early amortization event could have materially adverse consequences on our liquidity and cost of funds. Rating agencies may also affect our ability to execute a securitization transaction or increase the costs we expect to incur from executing securitization transactions, not only by deciding not to issue ratings for our securitization transactions, but also by altering the processes and criteria they follow in issuing ratings. Rating agencies could alter their ratings processes or criteria after we have accumulated finance receivables for securitization in a manner that effectively reduces the value of those finance receivables by increasing our financing costs or otherwise requiring that we incur additional costs in order to comply with those processes and criteria. We have no ability to control or predict what actions the rating agencies may take. Further, other matters, such as (i) accounting standards applicable to securitization transactions and (ii) capital and leverage requirements applicable to banks and other regulated financial institutions holding asset-backed securities, could result in decreased investor demand for securities issued through our securitization transactions or increased competition from other institutions that undertake securitization transactions. In addition, compliance with certain regulatory requirements, including the Dodd-Frank Act, may affect the type of securitization transactions that we are able to complete. An inability to consummate further securitization transactions on terms similar to our existing securitization transactions, or at all, could require us to seek more costly financing and/or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may be required to indemnify, or repurchase certain finance receivables from, purchasers of finance receivables that we have sold or securitized, or which we will sell or securitize in the future, if our finance receivables fail to meet certain criteria or characteristics or under other circumstances, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. We have entered into certain financing arrangements, including revolving warehouse credit facilities and securitizations, which are secured by certain retail installment contracts and promissory notes (the “Receivables”). We have securitized Receivables as follows: June 2018 (approximately $168.5 million); December 2018 (approximately $135.5 million); October 2019 (approximately $144.5 million); September 2020 (approximately $187.5 million); February 2021 (approximately $260.4 million); July 2021 (approximately $208.3 million); October 2021 (approximately $147.1 million); February 2022 (approximately $264.6 million); and October 2022 (approximately $232.6 million). The securitizations from June 2018, December 2018, and October 2019 have been redeemed and are no longer outstanding. Our operating subsidiaries originated the Receivables and subsequently transferred the Receivables to certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries that were established for the special purpose of entering into the financing arrangements and the respective securitizations. The documents governing our financing arrangements and securitizations contain provisions that require us to repurchase the affected Receivables under certain circumstances. While our financing and securitization documents vary, they generally contain customary provisions that require us and the special purpose entities to make certain representations and warranties about the quality and nature of the Receivables. Together with the special purpose entities, we may be required to repurchase the Receivables if a representation or warranty is later determined to be inaccurate. In such a case, we will be required to pay a repurchase price for the release of the affected Receivables. We believe that many purchasers of loans and other counterparties to transactions like those provided for in the revolving warehouse credit facilities, the securitizations, and other similar transactions are particularly aware of the conditions under which originators or sellers of such finance receivables must indemnify for or repurchase finance receivables, and may benefit from enforcing any available repurchase remedies. If we are required to repurchase Receivables that we have sold or pledged, it could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 27 We are subject to interest rate risk resulting from general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies. Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect our results of operations and financial condition. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. In response to elevated inflation, the Federal Reserve Board has increased interest rates eight times since early 2022, with federal funds rates rising from a range of 0.00% - 0.25% in early 2022 to 4.50% - 4.75% in February 2023. The Federal Reserve Board has indicated that it will raise rates further if deemed necessary to combat continued inflation growth. Furthermore, market conditions or regulatory restrictions on interest rates we charge may prevent us from passing any increases in interest rates along to our customers. We originate finance receivables at either prevailing market rates or at statutory limits. Subject to statutory limits, our ability to react to changes in prevailing market rates is dependent upon the speed at which our customers pay off or renew loans in our existing loan portfolio, which allows us to originate new loans at prevailing market rates. Because our large loans have longer maturities than our small loans and typically renew at a slower rate than our small loans, the rate of turnover of the loan portfolio may change as our large loans change as a percentage of our portfolio. In addition, rising interest rates will increase our cost of capital by influencing the amount of interest we pay on our senior revolving credit facility, our revolving warehouse credit facilities, or any other floating interest rate obligations that we may incur, which would increase our operating costs and decrease our operating margins. Interest payable on our senior revolving credit facility and our revolving warehouse credit facilities is variable and could increase in the future. For additional information, see Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.” Replacement of LIBOR as the basis on which our variable rate debt is calculated may harm our cost of capital, financial results, and cash flows. In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. In March 2021, the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration, the administrator of LIBOR, announced that it will cease publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR tenors as of June 30, 2023 for the most common tenors, and it has already ceased publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR tenors for less common tenors. As a replacement rate, many lenders are using the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). In September 2022, we amended and restated our senior, RMR II warehouse, and RMR IV warehouse revolving credit facilities, transitioning the benchmark rate for the calculation of interest with a forward-looking term rate from LIBOR to SOFR, effective on October 1, 2022. SOFR is a relatively new reference rate and has a very limited history. The future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on its limited historical performance. Since the initial publication of SOFR in April 2018, changes in SOFR have, on occasion, been more volatile than changes in other benchmark or market rates, such as U.S. dollar LIBOR. Additionally, any successor rate to SOFR under our credit facilities may not have the same characteristics as SOFR or LIBOR. As a result, the consequences of the phase-out of LIBOR cannot be entirely predicted at this time. Our use of derivatives exposes us to credit and market risk. From time to time, we enter into derivative transactions for economic hedging purposes, such as managing our exposure to interest rate risk. By using derivative instruments, we are exposed to credit and market risk, including the risk of loss associated with variations in the spread between the asset yield and the funding and/or hedge cost, default risk, and the risk of insolvency or other inability of the counterparty to a particular derivative transaction to perform its obligations. For additional information, see Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.” Macroeconomic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, and may increase loan defaults and affect the value and liquidity of your investment. We are not insulated from the pressures and potentially negative consequences of financial crises and similar risks beyond our control that have in the past and may in the future affect the capital and credit markets, the broader economy, the financial services industry, or the segment of that industry in which we operate. Our financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of our borrowers to make payments on outstanding loans, is highly dependent upon the business and economic environments in the markets where we operate and in the United States as a whole. The U.S. economy is undergoing a period of rapid change and significant uncertainty. Elevated inflation, increasing interest rates, and changing U.S. consumer spending patterns are contributing to this change and uncertainty. Inflation hit a 40-year high in June 2022 at 9.1%, while the U.S. annual inflation rate was 6.5% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. In response to Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 28 @> <: 8 6 +) elevated inflation, the Federal Reserve Board has increased interest rates eight times since early 2022, with federal funds rates rising from a range of 0.00% - 0.25% in early 2022 to 4.50% - 4.75% in February 2023. The Federal Reserve Board has indicated that it will raise rates further if deemed necessary to combat continued inflation growth. The recent increases in inflation and interest rates are changing lending and spending patterns, leading to fears that the U.S. is currently experiencing (or may soon experience) an economic downturn or period of slow economic growth. During an economic downturn or recession, credit losses in the financial services industry generally increase and demand for credit products often decreases. Declining asset values, defaults on consumer loans, and the lack of market and investor confidence, as well as other factors, all combine to decrease liquidity during an economic downturn. As a result of these factors, some banks and other lenders have suffered significant losses during economic downturns, and the strength and liquidity of many financial institutions worldwide weakened during the most recent economic crisis. Additionally, during an economic downturn, our loan servicing costs and collection costs may increase as we may have to expend greater time and resources on these activities. Our underwriting criteria, policies and procedures, and product offerings may not sufficiently protect our growth and profitability during a sustained period of economic downturn or recession. Any renewed economic downturn will adversely affect the financial resources of our customers and may result in the inability of our customers to make principal and interest payments on, or refinance, the outstanding debt when due. Should economic conditions worsen, they may adversely affect the credit quality of our loans. In the event of increased default by borrowers under the loans, and/or a decrease in the volume of the loans we originate, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Failure to maintain, protect, and promote our brand may harm our business. Maintaining, protecting, and promoting our brand is critical to our attracting and retaining customers, investors, and employees. Harm to our brand can arise from many sources, including employee misconduct, misconduct by outsourced service providers or other counterparties, litigation or regulatory actions, failure by us to meet minimum standards of service and quality, inadequate protection of customer information, and compliance failures. Recently, financial services companies have been experiencing increased reputational risk as consumers take issue with certain of their practices. Negative publicity regarding our company (or others engaged in a similar business or activities), whether or not accurate, may damage our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Many of our stakeholders possess increased interest in our environmental, social, and governance responsibilities. Our absolute and relative progress, or lack thereof, on environmental, social, and governance matters, along with our disclosure (or lack of disclosure) related thereto, could impact our reputation, brand, and the willingness of individuals and institutions to hold our common stock. If we do not successfully maintain, protect, and promote our brand, we may be unable to maintain and/or expand our customer and/or investor base, which may materially harm our business. Risks Related to Regulation and Legal Proceedings Our business products and activities are strictly and comprehensively regulated at the local, state, and federal levels. The consumer finance industry is extensively regulated by federal, state, and local consumer protection laws and regulations, including consumer protection laws and regulations relating to the creation, collection, and enforcement of consumer contracts, such as consumer loans. Personal loans that do not comply with consumer protection laws may not be enforceable against the borrowers of those loans. These laws and regulations impose significant costs and limitations on the way we conduct and expand our business, and these costs and limitations may increase in the future if such laws and regulations are changed. These laws and regulations govern or affect, among other things: • • • • • • • • the interest rates and manner of calculating such rates that we may charge customers; terms of loans, including fees, maximum amounts, and minimum durations; origination practices; disclosure requirements, including posting of fees; solicitation and advertising practices; currency and suspicious activity reporting; recording and reporting of certain financial transactions; privacy of personal customer information; Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 29 • • • • the types of products and services that we may offer; servicing and collection practices; approval of licenses; and locations of our branches. Due to the highly regulated nature of the consumer finance industry, we are required to comply with a wide array of federal, state, and local laws and regulations that affect, among other things, the manner in which we conduct our origination and servicing operations. These laws and regulations directly impact our business and require constant compliance, monitoring, and internal and external audits. Although we have an enterprise-wide compliance framework structured to continuously evaluate our activities, compliance with applicable law is costly and may create operational constraints. At a federal level, these laws and their implementing regulations include, among others, the Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z, the Consumer Financial Protection Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation V, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the Military Lending Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and Regulation F, and the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and requirements related to unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices. Additionally, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. Many states and local jurisdictions have consumer protection laws analogous to, or in addition to, those listed above, such as usury laws and state debt collection practices laws that apply to first-party lenders. These laws affect how loans are made, enforced, and collected. The U.S. government and states may pass new laws, or may amend existing laws, to further regulate the consumer finance industry, installment loans, or to reduce the finance charges or other fees applicable to personal loans. Federal and state consumer protection laws impose requirements, including licensing requirements, and place restrictions on creditors in connection with extensions of credit and collections on personal loans and protection of sensitive customer data obtained in the origination and servicing thereof. Personal loans that do not comply with consumer protection laws may not be valid or enforceable under their terms against the borrowers of those loans. Additionally, the CARES Act includes various provisions, such as requirements affecting credit reporting designed to protect customers. The federal and state consumer protection laws, rules, and regulations applicable to the solicitation and advertising for, underwriting of, granting, servicing, and collection of personal loans, and the protection of sensitive customer data, frequently provide for administrative penalties, as well as civil (and in some cases, criminal) liability resulting from their violation. An administrative proceeding or litigation relating to one or more allegations or findings of the violation of such laws by us could result in modifications to our methods of doing business, which could impair our ability to originate or otherwise acquire new loans or collect on our loan portfolio or result in us having to pay damages and/or cancel the balance or other amount owing under the loan associated with such violations. Our loans are subject to generally standard documentation. Thus, many borrowers may be similarly situated in so far as the provisions of their respective contractual obligations are concerned. Accordingly, allegations of violations of the provisions of applicable federal or state consumer protection laws could potentially result in a large class of claimants asserting claims against us. There is no assurance that such claims will not be asserted against us in the future. Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including the interpretation, implementation, and enforcement of statutes, regulations, or policies, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways, including limiting the types of financial services and products that we may offer and increasing the ability of competitors to offer competing financial services and products. Compliance with laws and regulations requires us to invest increasingly significant portions of our resources in compliance planning and training, monitoring tools, and personnel, and requires the time and attention of management. These costs divert capital and focus away from efforts intended to grow our business. Because these laws and regulations are complex and often subject to interpretation, or because of a result of unintended errors, we may, from time to time, inadvertently violate these laws, regulations, and policies, as each is interpreted by our regulators. If we do not successfully comply with laws, regulations, or policies, we could be subject to fines, penalties, lawsuits, or judgments, our compliance costs could increase, our operations could be limited, and we may suffer damage to our reputation. If more restrictive laws, rules, and regulations are enacted or more restrictive judicial and administrative interpretations of current laws are issued, compliance with the laws could become more expensive or difficult. Furthermore, changes in these laws and regulations could require changes in the way we conduct our business, and we cannot predict the impact such changes would have on our profitability. Our primary regulators are the state regulators for the states in which we operate. We operate each of our branches under licenses granted to us by these state regulators. State regulators may enter our branches and conduct audits of our records and practices at any time, with or without notice. If we fail to observe, or are not able to comply with, applicable legal requirements, we Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 30 may be forced to discontinue certain product offerings, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, violation of these laws and regulations could result in fines and other civil and/or criminal penalties, including the suspension or revocation of our branch licenses, rendering us unable to operate in one or more locations. All of the states in which we operate have laws governing the interest rates and fees that we can charge and required disclosure statements, among other restrictions. Violation of these laws could involve penalties requiring the forfeiture of principal and/or interest and fees that we have charged. Depending on the nature and scope of a violation, fines and other penalties for noncompliance of applicable requirements could be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. @> <: 8 6 +) While we believe that we maintain all material licenses and permits required for our current operations and are in substantial compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations, we may not be able to maintain all requisite licenses and permits, and the failure to satisfy those and other regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, changes in laws or regulations applicable to us could subject us to additional licensing, registration, and other regulatory requirements in the future or could adversely affect our ability to operate or the manner in which we conduct business. Licenses to open new branches are granted in the discretion of state regulators. Accordingly, licenses may be denied unexpectedly or for reasons outside of our control. This could hinder our ability to implement our business plans in a timely manner or at all. As we enter new markets and develop new products and services, we may become subject to additional local, state, and federal laws and regulations. For example, although we intend to expand into new states or markets, we may encounter unexpected regulatory or other difficulties in these new states, including as they relate to securing the necessary licenses to operate, which may inhibit our growth. As a result, we may not be able to successfully execute our strategies to grow our revenue and earnings. We are also subject to potential enforcement, supervision, or other actions that may be brought by state attorneys general or other state enforcement authorities and other governmental agencies. For example, the CFPB, state and federal banking regulators, state attorneys general, the Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice, and federal government agencies have imposed sanctions on consumer loan originators for practices including, but not limited to, charging borrowers excessive fees, steering borrowers to loans with higher costs or more onerous terms, imposing higher interest rates than the borrower’s credit risk warrants, failing to disclose material terms of loans to borrowers, and otherwise engaging in discriminatory or unfair lending practices or unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices. While we believe we are in substantial compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations, a contrary determination by a regulator, and any resulting action, could subject us to civil money penalties, customer remediation, and increased compliance costs, as well as damage to our reputation and brand and could limit or prohibit our ability to offer certain products and services or engage in certain business practices. Additionally, Congress, the states, and regulatory agencies could further regulate the consumer credit industry in ways that make it more difficult for us to conduct business. Further, changes in the regulatory application or judicial interpretation of the laws and regulations applicable to financial institutions also could impact the manner in which we conduct our business. The regulatory environment in which financial institutions operate has become increasingly complex and robust, and following the financial crisis of 2008, supervisory efforts to apply relevant laws, regulations, and policies have become more intense. Any of the events described above could have a material adverse effect on all aspects of our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may become involved in investigations, examinations, and proceedings by government and self-regulatory agencies, which may result in material adverse consequences to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. From time to time, we may become involved in formal and informal reviews, investigations, examinations, proceedings, and information-gathering requests by federal and state government and self-regulatory agencies. Should we become subject to such an investigation, examination, or proceeding, the matter could result in material adverse consequences to us, including, but not limited to, increased compliance costs, adverse judgments, significant settlements, fines, penalties, injunction, or other actions. Changes in laws and regulations or interpretations of laws and regulations could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The laws and regulations directly affecting our lending activities are constantly under review and are subject to change. In addition, consumer advocacy groups and various other media sources continue to advocate for governmental and regulatory action to prohibit or severely restrict various financial products, including the loan products we offer. Any changes in such laws and regulations, or the implementation, interpretation, or enforcement of such laws and regulations, could force us to modify, suspend, or cease part or, in the worst case, all of our existing operations. It is also possible that the scope of federal regulations could change Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 31 or expand in such a way as to preempt what has traditionally been state law regulation of our business activities. The enactment of one or more of such regulatory changes could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and prospects. State and federal legislatures and regulators may also seek to impose new requirements or interpret or enforce existing requirements in new ways. Changes in current laws or regulations or the implementation of new laws or regulations in the future may restrict our ability to continue our current methods of operation or expand our operations. For example, in 2019, bills were introduced to Congress that sought to prohibit the practice of directly mailing convenience checks to potential borrowers and extend the Military Lending Act’s consumer protections to all consumers, including a 36 percent interest rate cap on all consumer loans. Similarly, in July 2021, the Veterans and Consumers Fair Credit Act was introduced in the Senate seeking to amend the Truth in Lending Act to effectively extend to all consumers the 36% interest rate cap that is currently only applicable to servicemembers and certain dependents under the Military Lending Act. While these bills have not become law, if similar bills were ultimately to become law, such legislation could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and prospects. Additionally, new laws and regulations could subject us to liability for prior operating activities or lower or eliminate the profitability of operations going forward by, among other things, reducing the amount of interest and fees we charge in connection with our loans or limiting the types of insurance and other ancillary products that we may offer to our customers. If these or other factors lead us to close our branches in a state, in addition to the loss of net revenues attributable to that closing, we would incur closing costs such as lease cancellation payments and we would have to write off assets that we could no longer use. If we were to suspend rather than permanently cease our operations in a state, we would also have continuing costs associated with maintaining our branches and our employees in that state, with little or no revenues to offset those costs. In addition to state and federal laws and regulations, our business is subject to various local rules and regulations, such as local zoning regulations. Local zoning boards and other local governing bodies have been increasingly restricting the permitted locations of consumer finance companies. Any future actions taken to require special use permits for or impose other restrictions on our ability to provide products could adversely affect our ability to expand our operations or force us to attempt to relocate existing branches. If we were forced to relocate any of our branches, in addition to the costs associated with the relocation, we may be required to hire new employees in the new areas, which may adversely impact the operations of those branches. Relocation of an existing branch may also hinder our collection abilities, as our business model relies in part on the location of our branches being close to where our customers live in order to successfully collect on outstanding loans. Changes in laws or regulations may have a material adverse effect on all aspects of our business in a particular state and on our overall business, financial condition, and results of operations, including our ability to generate new loans and the manner in which existing loans are serviced and collected. Financial regulatory reform has created uncertainty and could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In response to the financial crisis in 2008, the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law on July 21, 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act requires the creation of new federal regulatory agencies and grants additional authorities and responsibilities to existing regulatory agencies to identify and address emerging systemic risks posed by the activities of financial services firms. The Dodd-Frank Act also provides for enhanced regulation of derivatives and mortgage-backed securities offerings, restrictions on executive compensation, and enhanced oversight of credit rating agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act also limits the ability of federal laws to preempt state and local consumer laws. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act established the CFPB, as a consumer protection regulator tasked with regulating consumer financial services and products. Since its creation, the CFPB has been the subject of lawsuits challenging its authority. Currently of note, a writ of certiorari has been filed with the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Community Financial Services Association of America, Limited v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which involves whether the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals erred in holding that the statute providing funding to the CFPB violates the appropriations clause of the Constitution. There have also been legislative proposals in Congress from time to time seeking to significantly reform the CFPB’s structure, authority, and/or mandate. As a result of these judicial and legislative actions, there is, and will continue to be, uncertainty regarding the future of the CFPB and the impact on the lending markets. The Dodd-Frank Act impacts the offering, marketing and regulation of consumer financial products and services offered by financial institutions. The CFPB has supervision, examination, and enforcement authority over the consumer financial products and services offered by certain non-depository institutions and large insured depository institutions. For example, the CFPB may establish supervisory authority over a nonbank covered entity that it has reasonable cause to determine is engaging, or has engaged, in conduct that poses risks to consumers. The CFPB also has broad rulemaking and enforcement authority over providers of credit, Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 32 @> <: 8 6 +) savings, and payment services and products and authority to prevent “unfair, deceptive or abusive” practices. The CFPB has the authority to write regulations under federal consumer financial protection laws, and to enforce those laws against and examine large financial institutions for compliance. For example, the Dodd-Frank Act gives the CFPB supervisory authority over entities that are designated by rule as “larger participants” in certain financial services markets, and the CFPB contemplates regulating the traditional installment lending industry in which we participate as part of the “consumer credit and related activities” market. In the past, the CFPB has indicated that it may in the future issue a proposed rule defining larger participants in the installment lending market. While the CFPB has not yet issued a “larger participant” rule applicable to our company, certain CFPB commentary has suggested that the CFPB may issue a proposed rule defining larger participants to include installment lending industry participants such as our company. If in the future we are covered by a final larger participant rule for the installment lending market, we could become subject to related CFPB supervision and examination. In addition to the Dodd-Frank Act’s grant of regulatory powers to the CFPB, the Dodd-Frank Act gives the CFPB authority to pursue administrative proceedings or litigation for violations of federal consumer financial laws. The CFPB is also authorized to collect fines and provide consumer restitution in the event of violations, engage in consumer financial education, track consumer complaints, request data, and promote the availability of financial services to underserved consumers and communities. Depending on how the CFPB functions and its areas of focus, it could increase our compliance costs, potentially delay our ability to respond to marketplace changes, require us to alter products and services that would make them less attractive to consumers, and impair our ability to offer products and services profitably. The CFPB is authorized to pursue administrative proceedings or litigation for violations of federal consumer financial laws. In these proceedings, the CFPB can obtain cease and desist orders (which can include orders for restitution or rescission of contracts, as well as other kinds of affirmative relief) and monetary penalties ranging from $6,813 per day for minor violations of federal consumer financial laws (including the CFPB’s own rules) to $34,065 per day for reckless violations and $1,362,567 per day for knowing violations. Also, where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act or CFPB regulations under Title X, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and state regulators to bring civil actions for the kind of cease and desist orders available to the CFPB (but not for civil penalties). If the CFPB or one or more state officials find that we have violated the foregoing laws, they could exercise their enforcement powers in ways that would have a material adverse effect on Regional. In addition to pre-existing enforcement rights for state attorneys general, the Dodd-Frank Act gives attorneys general authority to enforce the Dodd-Frank Act and regulations promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act’s authority. In conducting an investigation, the CFPB or state attorneys general may issue a civil investigative demand requiring a target company to prepare and submit, among other items, documents, written reports, answers to interrogatories, and deposition testimony. If we become subject to investigation, the required response could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources. In addition, the market price of our common stock could decline as a result of the initiation of a CFPB investigation of our company or even the perception that such an investigation could occur, even in the absence of any finding by the CFPB that we have violated any state or federal law. Although many of the regulations implementing portions of the Dodd-Frank Act have been promulgated, we are still unable to predict how this significant legislation may be interpreted and enforced or the full extent to which implementing regulations and supervisory policies may affect it. The President and current Congress may impact the extent to which new or revised legislation or regulations are adopted, and whether provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and rules promulgated thereunder, including those provisions establishing the CFPB and the rules and regulations proposed and enacted by the CFPB, may be revised, repealed, or amended. There can be no assurance that future reforms will not significantly and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We sell certain of our loans, including, in some instances, charged-off loans and loans where the borrower is in default, which could subject us to heightened regulatory scrutiny, expose us to legal action, cause us to incur losses, and/or limit or impede our collection activity. As part of our business model, we have purchased and sold, and may in the future purchase and sell, some of our finance receivables, including loans that have been charged-off and loans where the borrower is in default. The CFPB and other regulators recently have significantly increased their scrutiny of debt buyers and sales, especially delinquent and charged-off debt. The CFPB has criticized and/or penalized sellers of debt for insufficient documentation to support and verify the validity or amount of the debt. It has also criticized and/or penalized debt collectors for, among other things, impermissible collection tactics, attempting to collect debts that are no longer valid, misrepresenting the amount of the debt, not having sufficient documentation to verify the validity or amount of the debt, and failing to obtain or maintain proper licenses. Accordingly, our sales of loans could expose us to lawsuits or fines by regulators if we do not have sufficient documentation to support and verify the validity and amount of the loans Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 33 underlying the transactions, or if we or purchasers of our loans use collection methods that are viewed as unfair, deceptive, or abusive, or if purchasers of our loans fail to obtain or maintain proper licenses. Our use of third-party vendors is subject to increasing regulatory attention. The CFPB and other regulators have issued regulatory guidance that has focused on the need for financial institutions to oversee their business relationships with service providers in a manner that ensures such service providers comply with applicable law. This results in increased due diligence and ongoing monitoring of third-party vendor relationships, thus increasing the scope of management involvement and decreasing the benefit that we receive from using third-party vendors. Moreover, if regulators conclude that we have not met the heightened standards for oversight of our third-party vendors, we could be subject to enforcement actions, civil monetary penalties, supervisory orders to cease and desist, or other remedial actions, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are subject to government regulations concerning our hourly and our other employees, including minimum wage, overtime, and health care laws. We are subject to applicable rules and regulations relating to our relationship with our employees, including minimum wage and break requirements, pay transparency, leave requirements, health benefits, unemployment and sales taxes, overtime, and working conditions and immigration status. Legislated increases in the federal and state minimum wage and increases in additional labor cost components, such as employee benefit costs, workers’ compensation insurance rates, compliance costs and fines, as well as the cost of litigation in connection with these regulations, would increase our labor costs. Unionizing and collective bargaining efforts have received increased attention nationwide in recent periods. Should our employees become represented by unions, we would be obligated to bargain with those unions with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, which is likely to increase our labor costs. Moreover, as part of the process of union organizing and collective bargaining, strikes and other work stoppages may occur, which would cause disruption to our business. Similarly, many employers nationally in similar retail environments have been subject to actions brought by governmental agencies and private individuals under wage-hour laws on a variety of claims, such as improper classification of workers as exempt from overtime pay requirements and failure to pay overtime wages properly, with such actions sometimes brought as class actions. These actions can result in material liabilities and expenses. Should we be subject to employment litigation, such as actions involving wage-hour, overtime, break, and working time, it may distract our management from business matters and result in increased labor costs. In addition, we currently sponsor employer- subsidized premiums for major medical programs for eligible personnel who elect health care coverage through our insurance programs. As a result of regulatory changes, we may not be able to continue to offer health care coverage to our employees on affordable terms or at all and subsequently may face increased difficulty in hiring and retaining employees. If we are unable to locate, attract, train, or retain qualified personnel, or if our costs of labor increase significantly, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Our stock price or results of operations could be adversely affected by media and public perception of installment loans and of legislative and regulatory developments affecting activities within the installment lending sector. Consumer advocacy groups and various media sources continue to criticize alternative financial services providers (such as payday and title lenders, check advance companies, and pawnshops). These critics frequently characterize such alternative financial services providers as predatory or abusive toward consumers. If these persons were to criticize the products that we offer, it could result in further regulation of our business and could negatively impact our relationships with existing borrowers and efforts to attract new borrowers. Furthermore, our industry is highly regulated, and announcements regarding new or expected governmental and regulatory action in the alternative financial services sector may adversely impact our stock price and perceptions of our business even if such actions are not targeted at our operations and do not directly impact us. Legal proceedings to which we may become subject may have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. Like many companies in our industry, we are from time to time involved in various legal proceedings and subject to claims and other actions related to our business activities brought by borrowers and others. All such legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and, regardless of the merits of the claims, litigation is often expensive, time-consuming, disruptive to our operations and resources, and distracting to management. If resolved against us, such legal proceedings could result in excessive verdicts and judgments, injunctive relief, equitable relief, and other adverse consequences that may affect our financial condition and how we operate our business. Similarly, if we settle such legal proceedings, it may affect our financial condition and how we operate our business. Future court decisions, alternative dispute resolution awards, business expansion, or legislative activity may increase our exposure to litigation and regulatory investigations. In some cases, substantial non-economic remedies or punitive damages may be Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 34 sought. Although we maintain liability insurance coverage, there can be no assurance that such coverage will cover any particular verdict, judgment, or settlement that may be entered against us, that such coverage will prove to be adequate, or that such coverage will continue to remain available on acceptable terms, if at all. If in any legal proceeding we incur liability or defense costs that exceed our insurance coverage or that are not within the scope of our insurance coverage, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Current and proposed regulation related to consumer privacy, data protection, and information security could increase our costs. We are subject to a number of federal and state consumer privacy, data protection, and information security laws and regulations. Moreover, various federal and state regulatory agencies require us to notify customers in the event of a security breach. Federal and state legislators and regulators are increasingly pursuing new guidance, laws, and regulations in these areas. Compliance with current or future customer privacy, data protection, and information security laws and regulations could result in higher compliance, technology, or other operating costs. Any violations of these laws and regulations may require us to change our business practices or operational structure, and could subject us to legal claims, monetary penalties, sanctions, and the obligation to indemnify and/or notify customers or take other remedial actions. @> <: 8 6 +) Federal or state laws issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could have an adverse impact on our company. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. The CARES Act is extensive and significant legislation. It is possible that compliance with the CARES Act may impose costs on, or create operational constraints, for us. Further, certain governmental authorities, including federal, state, or local governments, could enact, and in some cases already have enacted, laws, regulations, executive orders, or other guidance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that allow borrowers to forgo making scheduled payments for some period of time, require modifications to loans (e.g. waiving accrued interest), preclude creditors from exercising certain rights or taking certain actions with respect to collateral, or mandate limited operations or temporary closures of our branches or other operations as “non-essential businesses” or otherwise. Additionally, the CARES Act includes various provisions, such as requirements affecting credit reporting, designed to protect consumers. Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock The market price of shares of our common stock may continue to be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. The market price of our common stock has been highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market, or political conditions, could reduce the market price of shares of our common stock in spite of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results and the market price of our common stock could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors due to a number of potential factors, including variations in our quarterly operating results, additions or departures of key management personnel, failure to meet analysts’ earnings estimates, publication of research reports about our industry, litigation and government investigations, changes or proposed changes in laws or regulations or differing interpretations or enforcement thereof affecting our business, adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in the future, changes in market valuations of similar companies, speculation in the press or investment community, announcements by our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, dispositions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments, adverse publicity about the industries we participate in, or individual scandals. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 35 There can be no assurance of our ability to declare and pay cash dividends in future periods. On October 29, 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors initiated and declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share, which was increased by our Board of Directors to $0.25 per share on June 15, 2021 and to $0.30 per share on February 9, 2022. We intend to continue to pay a quarterly cash dividend for the foreseeable future; however, the declaration, amount, and payment of any future cash dividends on shares of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur, including our senior revolving credit facility. A reduction or elimination of our dividend payments in the future could have a negative effect on our stock price. Your stock ownership may be diluted by the future issuance of additional common stock in connection with our incentive plans, acquisitions, or otherwise. We have approximately 986 million shares of common stock authorized but unissued, as of February 22, 2023. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue these shares of common stock and options, rights, warrants, and appreciation rights relating to common stock for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board of Directors in its discretion, whether in connection with acquisitions or otherwise. Our stockholders previously approved the Regional Management Corp. 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and/or restated, the “2015 Plan”). As of December 31, 2022, subject to adjustments as provided in the 2015 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2015 Plan may not exceed the sum of (a) 2,600,000 shares plus (b) any shares remaining available for the grant of awards as of the 2015 Plan effective date under the 2007 Management Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) or the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”), plus (c) any shares subject to an award granted under the 2007 Plan or the 2011 Plan, which award is forfeited, cash-settled, cancelled, terminated, expires, or lapses for any reason without the issuance of shares or pursuant to which such shares are forfeited. We have 772,038 shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan, as of February 22, 2023. In addition, our Board may recommend in the future that our stockholders approve new stock plans. Any common stock that we issue, including under our 2015 Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, would dilute the percentage ownership held by our stockholders. In addition, the market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of common stock in the market or the perception that such sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to issue equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and applicable state law might discourage or delay acquisition attempts for us that you might consider favorable. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult without the approval of our Board of Directors. Among other things, these provisions: • • • • authorize the issuance of undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and the shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval, and which may include super voting, special approval, dividend, or other rights or preferences superior to the rights of the holders of common stock; prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which will require all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; provide that the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, or repeal our bylaws and that our stockholders may only amend our bylaws with the approval of 80% or more of all of the outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote; and establish advance notice requirements for nominations for elections to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings. In addition, certain states require the approval of a state regulator for the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of more than a certain amount of the voting or common stock of a consumer finance company. The overall effect of these laws is to make it more difficult to acquire a consumer finance company than it might be to acquire control of a nonregulated corporation. Furthermore, as a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, which may impair a takeover attempt that our stockholders may find beneficial. These anti-takeover provisions and other provisions under Delaware law could discourage, delay, or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our company, including actions that our stockholders may deem advantageous, or negatively affect the trading price of our common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 36 contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions you desire. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains a provision renouncing our interest and expectancy in certain corporate opportunities identified by our non-employee directors and their affiliates. Certain of our non-employee directors and their affiliates are in the business of providing buyout capital and growth capital to developing companies and may acquire interests in businesses that directly or indirectly compete with certain portions of our business. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for the allocation of certain corporate opportunities between us, on the one hand, and certain of our non-employee directors and their affiliates, on the other hand. As set forth in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, such non-employee directors and their affiliates shall not have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. Therefore, a non-employee director of our company may pursue certain acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, such acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. These potential conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects if attractive corporate opportunities are allocated by such non-employee directors to themselves or their other affiliates instead of us. @> <: 8 6 +) Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 37 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS. None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES. Our headquarters operations are located in an approximately 51,700 square foot leased facility in Greer, South Carolina, a town located outside of Greenville, South Carolina. As of February 22, 2023, each of our 346 branches, which are located in 18 states throughout the United States, is leased under a fixed-term lease agreement. Our branches have an average branch size of approximately 1,738 square feet. In the opinion of management, our properties have been well-maintained, are in sound operating condition, and contain all equipment and facilities necessary to operate at present levels. We believe that all of our facilities are suitable and adequate for our present purposes. Our only reportable segment, which is our consumer finance segment, uses the properties described in this Part I, Item 2, “Properties.” ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. The Company is involved in various legal proceedings and related actions that have arisen in the ordinary course of its business that have not been fully adjudicated. The Company’s management does not believe that these matters, when ultimately concluded and determined, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES. Not applicable. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 38 @> <: 8 6 +) PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. Market Information Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “RM.” Holders As of February 16, 2023, there were 17 registered holders of our common stock. Because many of the shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to determine the exact number of beneficial stockholders represented by those record holders, but we believe that there were approximately 4,452 beneficial owners of our common stock as of February 16, 2023. Non-Affiliate Ownership For purposes of calculating the aggregate market value of shares of our common stock held by non-affiliates, as set forth on the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have assumed that all outstanding shares are held by non-affiliates, except for shares held by each of our executive officers, directors, and 5% or greater stockholders as of June 30, 2022. In the case of 5% or greater stockholders, we have not deemed such stockholders to be affiliates unless there are facts and circumstances which would indicate that such stockholders exercise any control over our company or unless they hold 10% or more of our outstanding common stock. These assumptions should not be deemed to constitute an admission that all executive officers, directors, and 5% or greater stockholders are, in fact, affiliates of our company, or that there are no other persons who may be deemed to be affiliates of our company. Further information concerning shareholdings of our officers, directors, and principal stockholders is incorporated by reference in Part III, Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Dividends In October 2020, we announced that our Board of Directors initiated and declared a quarterly cash dividend program. The following table sets forth the dividends declared and paid for the periods indicated: Period 1Q 22 2Q 22 3Q 22 4Q 22 Total Declaration Date February 9, 2022 May 4, 2022 August 3, 2022 November 1, 2022 Record Date February 23, 2022 May 25, 2022 August 24, 2022 November 23, 2022 Payment Date March 16, 2022 June 15, 2022 September 15, 2022 December 14, 2022 Dividends Declared Per Common Share $ $ $ $ $ 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 1.20 On February 8, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.30, payable on March 15, 2023, to stockholders of record on February 22, 2023. We currently expect that comparable quarterly cash dividends will continue to be paid in the future. We anticipate that future dividend declarations will occur in February, May, August, and November, with payment being made in March, June, September, and December. The declaration, amount, and payment of any future cash dividends on shares of common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors may take into account general and economic conditions; our financial condition and results of operations; our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs; capital requirements; contractual, legal, tax, and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of cash dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us; and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Our amended and restated senior revolving credit facility includes a provision restricting our ability to pay dividends on our common stock based upon, among other things, our interest coverage ratio and hypothetical availability under the credit facility. Likewise, certain of our credit facilities restrict certain of our wholly owned subsidiaries from paying dividends to us, subject to certain exceptions. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 39 Stock Performance Graph This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933. The following graph shows a comparison of the cumulative total return for our common stock, the NYSE Composite Index, and the NYSE Financial Index for the five years ended December 31, 2022. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the market close on December 31, 2017, in the common stock of the Company, the NYSE Composite Index, and the NYSE Financial Index, and data for each assumes reinvestments of dividends. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $- 12/31/2017 12/31/2018 12/31/2019 12/31/2020 12/31/2021 12/31/2022 NYSE Composite Index RM NYSE Financial Index Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 40 ITEM 6. RESERVED. @> <: 8 6 +) Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 41 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These discussions contain forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and that include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our strategies, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, expectations regarding demand and acceptance for our financial products, growth opportunities and trends in the market in which we operate, prospects, and plans and objectives of management. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward- looking statements contain these identifying words. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, events, and/or performance to differ materially from the plans, intentions, and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risks set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking information we have provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to the safe harbor established under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 should be evaluated in the context of these factors. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise such statements, except as required by the federal securities laws. Overview We are a diversified consumer finance company that provides installment loan products primarily to customers with limited access to consumer credit from banks, thrifts, credit card companies, and other lenders. As of December 31, 2022, we operate under the name “Regional Finance” online and in 345 branch locations in 18 states across the United States, serving 517,700 active accounts. Most of our loan products are secured, and each is structured on a fixed-rate, fixed-term basis with fully amortizing equal monthly installment payments, repayable at any time without penalty. We source our loans through our omni-channel platform, which includes our branches, centrally-managed direct mail campaigns, digital partners, and our consumer website. We operate an integrated branch model in which nearly all loans, regardless of origination channel, are serviced through our branch network with the support of centralized sales, underwriting, service, collections, and administrative teams. This provides us with frequent contact with our customers, which we believe improves our credit performance and customer loyalty. Our goal is to consistently grow our finance receivables and to soundly manage our portfolio risk, while providing our customers with attractive and easy-to-understand loan products that serve their varied financial needs. Our products include: • • • • Small Loans (≤$2,500) – As of December 31, 2022, we had 287.0 thousand small installment loans outstanding, representing $481.6 million in net finance receivables. This included 151.0 thousand small loan convenience checks, representing $217.8 million in net finance receivables. Large Loans (>$2,500) – As of December 31, 2022, we had 225.6 thousand large installment loans outstanding, representing $1.2 billion in net finance receivables. This included 40.6 thousand large loan convenience checks, representing $140.7 million in net finance receivables. Retail Loans – As of December 31, 2022, we had 5.1 thousand retail purchase loans outstanding, representing $9.6 million in net finance receivables. Optional Insurance Products – We offer optional payment and collateral protection insurance to our direct loan customers. Small and large installment loans are our core products and will be the drivers of future growth. We ceased accepting applications for our retail loan product offering in November 2022, to focus on growing our core loan portfolio. We will continue to own and service our existing portfolio of retail loans. Our primary sources of revenue are interest and fee income from our loan products, of which interest and fees relating to small and large installment loans are the largest component. In addition to interest and fee income from loans, we derive revenue from optional insurance products purchased by customers of our direct loan products. For additional information regarding our business operations, see Part I, Item 1, “Business.” Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 42 @> <: 8 6 +) Outlook We continually assess the macroeconomic environment in which we operate in order to appropriately and timely adapt to current market conditions. Macroeconomic factors, including, but not limited to, inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, and impacts from current geopolitical events outside the U.S., may affect our business, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. Current inflationary pressures and rising interest rates have created economic uncertainty and diminished consumer confidence. Recent geopolitical events outside of the U.S. have also contributed to volatility in U.S. markets. As inflation accelerated and geopolitical stability began to deteriorate in the fourth quarter of 2021, we began to proactively tighten our credit models. We have principally focused on tightening certain higher-risk, higher-rate customer segments that have been particularly adversely impacted by a more challenging economic environment. In early 2022, we eliminated one higher-risk, higher-rate digital affiliate and two higher-risk, higher-rate segments within our direct mail program. Loans originated through the eliminated affiliate and direct mail segments contributed 20 basis points to our contractual delinquency rate as of December 31, 2022, and 80 basis points to our net credit loss rate in 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we sold $27.1 million of non-performing loans, $17.5 million of which would have likely been written off in early 2023. The non-performing loan sale allowed us to dispose of a distressed portion of our portfolio at an attractive price and enabled us to re-focus our personnel on earlier-stage delinquent accounts as we enter the first quarter tax season, which seasonally is our best quarter for collections. As a result of the loan sale, our net income was negatively impacted by $2.7 million in 2022, but net income will be positively impacted by a similar amount in 2023. The loan sale impact on total revenue was a decrease of $2.2 million from revenue reversals, and the impact on the provision for credit losses was an increase of $1.3 million. The loan sale resulted in additional net credit losses of $13.1 million. Our allowance for credit losses decreased $11.8 million as a result of the loan sale because reserves were released for the sold loans and portfolio composition changes. Our allowance for credit losses was 10.5% of net finance receivables as of December 31, 2022 and included $20.7 million of reserves associated with estimated future macroeconomic impacts on credit losses. Our contractual delinquency as a percentage of net finance receivables was 7.1% as of December 31, 2022, up from 6.0% as of December 31, 2021. Going forward, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast and changes to our credit loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for credit losses, reserve rate, and provision for credit losses expense. We proactively diversified our funding over the past few years and continue to maintain a strong liquidity profile. As of December 31, 2022, we had $101.4 million of available liquidity, comprised of unrestricted cash on hand and immediate availability to draw down cash from our revolving credit facilities. In addition, we had $555.1 million of unused capacity on our revolving credit facilities (subject to the borrowing base) as of December 31, 2022. We believe our liquidity position provides substantial runway to fund our growth initiatives and to support the fundamental operations of our business. Online operations continue to be an important part of our customer acquisition strategy, including remote loan closings in recent years. On the digital front, we continue to build and expand upon our end-to-end online and mobile origination capabilities for new and existing customers, along with additional digital servicing functionality. Combined with remote loan closings, we believe that these omni-channel sales and servicing capabilities will continue to expand the market reach of our branches, increase our average branch receivables, and improve our revenues and operating efficiencies, while at the same time increasing customer satisfaction. Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations Our business is impacted by several factors affecting our revenues, costs, and results of operations, including the following: Quarterly Information and Seasonality. Our loan volume and contractual delinquency follow seasonal trends. Demand for our loans is typically highest during the second, third, and fourth quarters, which we believe is largely due to customers borrowing money for vacation, back-to-school, and holiday spending. Loan demand has generally been the lowest during the first quarter, which we believe is largely due to the timing of income tax refunds. Delinquencies generally reach their lowest point in the first half of the year and rise in the second half of the year. Changes in quarterly growth or liquidation could result in larger allowance for credit loss releases in periods of portfolio liquidation, and larger provisions for credit losses in periods of portfolio growth. Consequently, we experience seasonal fluctuations in our operating results. However, changes in macroeconomic factors, including inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical conflict, have impacted our typical seasonal trends for loan volume and delinquency. Growth in Loan Portfolio. The revenue that we derive from interest and fees is largely driven by the balance of loans that we originate. Average net finance receivables were $1.5 billion in 2022 and $1.2 billion in 2021. We source our loans through our Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 43 branches, centrally-managed direct mail program, digital partners, and our consumer website. Nearly all loans, regardless of origination channel, are serviced through our branches. Increasing the number of loans per branch and growing our state footprint allows us to increase the number of customers that we are able to serve. We grew our state footprint from 13 to 18 states during 2022, expanding our operations to Mississippi, Indiana, California, Louisiana, and Idaho. We expect to expand into one additional state in the first quarter of 2023, and we may enter a second new state in the second half of the year, if justified by the economic conditions. We continue to assess our legacy branch network for clear opportunities to consolidate operations into larger branches within close geographic proximity. This branch optimization is consistent with our omni-channel strategy and builds upon our recent successes in entering new states with a lighter branch footprint, while still providing customers with best-in-class service. We plan to add additional branches in new and existing states where it is favorable for us to conduct business. Product Mix. We are exposed to different credit risks and charge different interest rates and fees with respect to the various types of loans we offer. Our product mix also varies to some extent by state, and we may further diversify our product mix in the future. The interest rates and fees vary from state to state, depending on the competitive environment and relevant laws and regulations. Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses. Our results of operations are highly dependent upon the credit quality of our loan portfolio. The credit quality of our loan portfolio is the result of our ability to enforce sound underwriting standards, maintain diligent servicing of the portfolio, and respond to changing economic conditions as we grow our loan portfolio. The primary underlying factors driving the provision for credit losses for each loan type are our underwriting standards, delinquency trends, the general economic conditions in the areas in which we conduct business, loan portfolio growth, and the effectiveness of our servicing and collection efforts. We monitor these factors, and the amount and past due status of all loans, to identify trends that might require us to modify the allowance for credit losses. Interest Rates. Our costs of funds are affected by changes in interest rates, as the interest rates that we pay on certain of our credit facilities are variable. As a component of our strategy to manage the interest rate risk associated with future interest payments on our variable-rate debt, a majority of our funding was held at a fixed rate as of December 31, 2022, representing 88% of total debt. An additional component of our strategy was to purchase interest rate cap contracts, which were all sold during 2022. See Note 10, “Interest Rate Caps” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for additional information on our interest rate caps. Operating Costs. Our financial results are impacted by the costs of operations and head office functions. Those costs are included in general and administrative expenses within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Components of Results of Operations Interest and Fee Income. Our interest and fee income consists primarily of interest earned on outstanding loans. Accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when an account becomes 90 days delinquent. If the account is charged off, the accrued interest income is reversed as a reduction of interest and fee income. Most states allow certain fees in connection with lending activities, such as loan origination fees, acquisition fees, and maintenance fees. Some states allow for higher fees while keeping interest rates lower. Loan fees are additional charges to the customer and generally are included in the annual percentage rate shown in the Truth in Lending disclosure that we make to our customers. The fees may or may not be refundable to the customer in the event of an early payoff, depending on state law. Fees are recognized as income over the life of the loan on the constant yield method. Insurance Income, Net. Our insurance operations are a material part of our overall business and are integral to our lending activities. Insurance income, net consists primarily of earned premiums, net of certain direct costs, from the sale of various optional payment and collateral protection insurance products offered to customers who obtain loans directly from us. Insurance income, net also includes the earned premiums and direct costs associated with the non-file insurance that we purchase to protect us from credit losses where, following an event of default, we are unable to take possession of personal property collateral because our security interest is not perfected. We do not sell insurance to non-borrowers. Direct costs included in insurance income, net are claims paid, claims reserves, ceding fees, and premium taxes paid. We do not allocate to insurance income, net, any other head office or branch administrative costs associated with management of insurance operations, management of our captive insurance company, marketing and selling insurance products, legal and compliance review, or internal audits. As reinsurer, we maintain restricted reserves comprised of restricted cash and restricted available-for-sale investments for life insurance claims in an amount determined by the unaffiliated insurance company. As of December 31, 2022, the restricted reserves Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 44 consisted of $21.2 million of unearned premium reserves, including $1.1 million of unpaid claims reserves. The unaffiliated insurance company maintains the reserves for non-life claims. Other Income. Our other income consists primarily of late charges assessed on customers who fail to make a payment within a specified number of days following the due date of the payment. In addition, fees for extending the due date of a loan, returned check charges, commissions earned from the sale of an auto club product, interest income from restricted cash, and investment income from restricted available-for-sale securities are included in other income. @> <: 8 6 +) Provision for Credit Losses. Provisions for credit losses are charged to income in amounts that we estimate as sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses at an adequate level to provide for lifetime expected credit losses on the related finance receivable portfolio. Credit loss experience, current conditions, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, delinquency of finance receivables, loan portfolio growth, the value of underlying collateral, and management’s judgment are factors used in assessing the overall adequacy of the allowance and the resulting provision for credit losses. Our provision for credit losses fluctuates so that we maintain an adequate credit loss allowance that reflects lifetime expected credit losses for each finance receivable type. Changes in our delinquency and net credit loss ratio (net credit losses divided by average net finance receivables) may result in changes to our provision for credit losses. Substantial adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there are significant changes in forecasted economic conditions or loan portfolio performance. General and Administrative Expenses. Our financial results are impacted by the costs of operations and head office functions. Those costs are included in general and administrative expenses within our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Our general and administrative expenses are comprised of four categories: personnel, occupancy, marketing, and other. We measure our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of average net finance receivables, which we refer to as our operating expense ratio. Our personnel expenses are the largest component of our general and administrative expenses and consist primarily of the salaries and wages, overtime, contract labor, relocation costs, incentives, benefits, and related payroll taxes associated with all of our operations and head office employees. Our occupancy expenses consist primarily of the cost of renting our facilities, all of which are leased, and the utility, depreciation of leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures, communication services, data processing, and other non- personnel costs associated with operating our business. Our marketing expenses consist primarily of costs associated with our direct mail campaigns (including postage and costs associated with selecting recipients), digital marketing, maintaining our consumer website, and some local marketing by branches. These costs are expensed as incurred. Other expenses consist primarily of legal, compliance, audit, and consulting costs, as well as software maintenance and support, non-employee director compensation, electronic payment processing costs, bank service charges, office supplies, credit bureau charges, and the amortization of software, software licenses, and implementation costs. We frequently experience fluctuations in other expenses as we grow our loan portfolio and expand our market footprint. For a discussion regarding how risks and uncertainties associated with the current regulatory environment may impact our future expenses, net income, and overall financial condition, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Interest Expense. Our interest expense consists primarily of paid and accrued interest for debt, unused line fees, and amortization of debt issuance costs on debt. Interest expense also includes changes in the fair value of interest rate caps. Income Taxes. Income taxes consist of state and federal income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The change in deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period in which the change occurs, and the effects of future tax rate changes are recognized in the period in which the enactment of new rates occurs. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 45 Results of Operations The following table summarizes our results of operations, both in dollars and as a percentage of average net finance receivables: Dollars in thousands Revenue Interest and fee income Insurance income, net Other income Total revenue Expenses Amount $ 450,854 43,502 12,831 507,187 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 % of Average Net Finance Receivables % of Average Net Finance Receivables Amount 2020 % of Average Net Finance Receivables Amount 29.5% $ 382,544 35,482 10,325 428,351 2.8% 0.8% 33.1% 31.5% $ 335,215 28,349 10,342 373,906 2.9% 0.9% 35.3% 31.2% 2.6% 1.0% 34.8% Provision for credit losses 185,115 12.1% 89,015 7.3% 123,810 11.5% Personnel Occupancy Marketing Other Total general and administrative Interest expense Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income 141,243 23,809 15,378 42,098 222,528 34,223 65,321 14,097 51,224 $ 9.2% 1.6% 1.0% 2.7% 14.5% 119,833 24,126 14,405 37,150 195,514 2.2% 4.3% 1.0% 3.3% $ 31,349 112,473 23,786 88,687 9.9% 2.0% 1.2% 3.0% 16.1% 109,560 22,629 10,357 33,770 176,316 2.6% 9.3% 2.0% 7.3% $ 37,852 35,928 9,198 26,730 10.2% 2.1% 1.0% 3.1% 16.4% 3.6% 3.3% 0.8% 2.5% Information explaining the changes in our results of operations from year-to-year is provided in the following pages. Comparison of December 31, 2022, Versus December 31, 2021 The following discussion and table describe the changes in finance receivables by product type: • • • Small Loans (≤$2,500) – Small loans outstanding increased by $36.6 million, or 8.2%, to $481.6 million at December 31, 2022, from $445.0 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was the result of new growth initiatives, and increased marketing, partially offset by credit tightening for disciplined growth. Large Loans (>$2,500) – Large loans outstanding increased by $237.5 million, or 24.5%, to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2022, from $970.7 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was due to new growth initiatives, increased marketing, and the transition of small loan customers to large loans, partially offset by credit tightening for disciplined growth. Retail Loans – Retail loans outstanding decreased $0.9 million, or 8.9%, to $9.6 million at December 31, 2022, from $10.5 million at December 31, 2021. We ceased accepting applications for our retail loan product offering as of November 2022 to focus on growing our core loan portfolio. Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total net finance receivables Number of branches at period end Net finance receivables per branch Net Finance Receivables by Product $ December 31, 2022 481,605 1,208,185 9,603 $ 1,699,393 $ December 31, 2021 445,023 970,694 10,540 $ 1,426,257 345 4,926 $ 350 4,075 $ YoY $ Inc (Dec) YoY % Inc (Dec) $ $ $ 36,582 237,491 (937) 273,136 (5) 851 8.2% 24.5% (8.9)% 19.2% (1.4)% 20.9% Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 46 Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022, Versus the Year Ended December 31, 2021 Net Income. Net income decreased $37.5 million, or 42.2%, to $51.2 million in 2022, from $88.7 million in 2021. The decrease was due to an increase in provision for credit losses of $96.1 million, an increase in general and administrative expenses of $27.0 million, and an increase in interest expense of $2.9 million, partially offset by an increase in revenue of $78.8 million and a decrease in income taxes of $9.7 million. Revenue. Total revenue increased $78.8 million, or 18.4%, to $507.2 million in 2022, from $428.4 million in 2021. The components of revenue are explained in greater detail below. Interest and Fee Income. Interest and fee income increased $68.3 million, or 17.9%, to $450.9 million in 2022, from $382.5 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to a 26.1% increase in average net finance receivables, offset by a 2.0% decrease in average yield. Interest accrual reversal of charged-off loans from the loan sale decreased interest and fee income by $1.9 million, which contributed 10 basis points to the decrease in average yield. The following table sets forth the average net finance receivables balance and average yield for our loan products: @> <: 8 6 +) Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total interest and fee yield $ $ Average Net Finance Receivables for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 394,394 808,230 11,259 1,213,883 December 31, 2022 456,141 1,063,365 10,737 1,530,243 $ $ YoY % Inc (Dec) Average Yields for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 YoY % Inc (Dec) December 31, 2022 15.7% 31.6% (4.6)% 26.1% 35.2% 27.1% 17.9% 29.5% 38.2% 28.4% 18.3% 31.5% (3.0)% (1.3)% (0.4)% (2.0)% Small and large loan yields decreased 3.0% and 1.3%, respectively, in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily due to normalization of credit performance across the portfolio, the economic environment, credit tightening on higher-rate loans, and our portfolio composition shift toward larger, higher-credit quality customers with lower interest rates. As a result of the rising interest rate environment and normalizing credit, we began to re-price parts of our portfolio in the second half of 2022. Total originations increased to $1.6 billion in 2022, from $1.5 billion in 2021, despite credit-tightening actions and the re- allocation of labor to collections, both of which impacted origination levels in 2022. The following table represents the principal balance of loans originated and refinanced: Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total loans originated Loans Originated for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 YoY $ Inc (Dec) YoY % Inc (Dec) $ 653,155 $ 602,613 $ 50,542 122,858 321 $1,641,308 $1,467,587 $ 173,721 856,699 8,275 979,557 8,596 8.4% 14.3% 3.9% 11.8% The following table summarizes the components of the increase in interest and fee income: Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Product mix Total increase in interest and fee income Components of Increase in Interest and Fee Income Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 Increase (Decrease) Volume $ $ 23,582 $ 72,558 (96) 3,654 99,698 $ Rate (11,923) $ (10,560) (54) (2,362) (24,899) $ Volume & Rate (1,866) $ (3,334) 3 (1,292) (6,489) $ Net 9,793 58,664 (147) — 68,310 The $68.3 million increase in interest and fee income in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily driven by growth of our average net finance receivables. This benefit was partially offset by credit tightening on higher-rate loans, the intended product mix Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 47 shift toward large loans, the economic environment, and the portfolio composition shift toward higher-credit quality customers with lower interest rates. Insurance Income, Net. Insurance income, net increased $8.0 million, or 22.6%, to $43.5 million in 2022, from $35.5 million in 2021. The increase was inclusive of revenue reversals of $0.3 million resulting from the loan sale. In both 2022 and 2021, personal property insurance premiums represented the largest component of aggregate earned insurance premiums, and life insurance claims expense represented the largest component of direct insurance expenses. The following table summarizes the components of insurance income, net: Insurance Premiums and Direct Expenses for the Year Ended Dollars in thousands Earned premiums Claims, reserves, and certain direct expenses Insurance income, net $ December 31, 2022 60,190 $ (16,688) 43,502 $ December 31, 2021 53,218 $ (17,736) 35,482 $ $ YoY $ B(W) YoY % B(W) 6,972 1,048 8,020 13.1% 5.9% 22.6% Earned premiums during 2022 increased by $7.0 million, and claims, reserves, and certain direct expenses decreased by $1.0 million compared to 2021. The increase in earned premiums was primarily due to portfolio growth. The decrease in claims, reserves, and certain direct expenses compared to 2021 was primarily due to decreases in life insurance claims. Other Income. Other income increased $2.5 million, or 24.3%, to $12.8 million in 2022, from $10.3 million during 2021, primarily due to an increase in interest income from cash reserves of $1.7 million and an increase in late charges of $1.5 million from portfolio growth, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our auto club product of $0.8 million. Provision for Credit Losses. Our provision for credit losses increased $96.1 million, or 108.0%, to $185.1 million in 2022, from $89.0 million in 2021. The increase was due to an increase in net credit losses of $85.9 million and an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $10.2 million compared to the prior-year period. Certain segments of our higher-risk, higher-rate customers were particularly adversely impacted by inflation in 2022. Earlier in 2022, we eliminated one higher-risk, higher-rate digital affiliate and two higher-risk, higher-rate segments within our direct mail program. Loans originated through the eliminated affiliate and direct mail segments contributed 20 basis points to our contractual delinquency rate as of December 31, 2022, and 80 basis points to our net credit loss ratio in 2022. The increase in the provision for credit losses is explained in greater detail below. Allowance for Credit Losses. We evaluate delinquency and losses in each of our loan products in establishing the allowance for credit losses. The following table sets forth our allowance for credit losses compared to the related finance receivables as of the end of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Beginning balance Macroeconomic reserve build (release) General reserve build due to portfolio change Ending balance Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of net finance receivables Allowance for Credit Losses for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ $ 159,300 3,700 15,800 178,800 10.5% $ $ 150,000 (16,000) 25,300 159,300 11.2% As of December 31, 2022, our allowance for credit losses included $20.7 million of reserves associated with estimated future macroeconomic impacts on credit losses. The allowance for credit losses included a build of $15.8 million associated with portfolio growth (inclusive of an $11.8 million release associated with the loan sale during 2022) compared to a build of $25.3 million associated with portfolio growth in 2021. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of finance receivables decreased to 10.5% as of December 31, 2022, from 11.2% as of the prior-year period. See Note 4, “Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for additional information regarding our allowance for credit losses. Net Credit Losses. Net credit losses increased $85.9 million, or 107.8%, to $165.6 million in 2022, from $79.7 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher average net finance receivables, credit normalization, the impact of inflation on our customers, and the net credit losses attributable to the loan sale. Net credit losses as a percentage of average net finance receivables were 10.8% in 2022, compared to 6.6% in 2021. Loans originated through the eliminated affiliate and direct mail Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 48 segments contributed 80 basis points to our net credit loss ratio in 2022. The loan sale also increased our net credit loss ratio by 80 basis points in 2022. Delinquency Performance. Our contractual delinquency as a percentage of net finance receivables increased to 7.1% as of December 31, 2022, from 6.0% as of December 31, 2021, due to the macroeconomic environment, partially offset by the loan sale benefit of 90 basis points. Contractual delinquencies as a percentage of net finance receivables as of December 31, 2022, included a 20 basis point impact from one higher-risk, higher-rate digital affiliate and two higher-risk, higher-rate segments within our direct mail program that were particularly adversely impacted by inflation. @> <: 8 6 +) The following tables include delinquency balances by aging category and by product: Dollars in thousands Current 1 to 29 days past due Delinquent accounts: 30 to 59 days 60 to 89 days 90 to 119 days 120 to 149 days 150 to 179 days Total contractual delinquency Total net finance receivables Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total contractual delinquency Contractual Delinquency by Aging December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 $ 1,431,502 148,048 36,208 31,352 24,293 16,257 11,733 $ 119,843 $ 1,699,393 84.2% $ 1,237,165 104,201 8.7% 2.2% 1.8% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7% 7.1% $ 25,283 20,395 15,962 12,466 10,785 84,891 100.0% $ 1,426,257 86.7% 7.3% 1.9% 1.4% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 6.0% 100.0% Contractual Delinquency by Product December 31, 2022 43,703 75,349 791 119,843 $ $ 9.1% $ 6.2% 8.2% 7.1% $ December 31, 2021 39,794 44,348 749 84,891 8.9% 4.6% 7.1% 6.0% General and Administrative Expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased $27.0 million, or 13.8%, to $222.5 million in 2022 from $195.5 million in 2021. The absolute dollar increase in general and administrative expenses is explained in greater detail below. Personnel. The largest component of general and administrative expenses is personnel expense, which increased $21.4 million, or 17.9%, to $141.2 million in 2022, from $119.8 million in 2021. We had several offsetting increases and decreases in personnel expenses during 2022. Labor expenses and incentive costs increased $24.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, compared to 2021. Capitalized loan origination costs, which reduce personnel expenses, increased by $2.6 million compared to 2021 due to an increase in loans originated. Occupancy. Occupancy expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 1.3%, to $23.8 million in 2022, from $24.1 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower branch optimization costs of $0.2 million. Marketing. Marketing expenses increased $1.0 million, or 6.8%, to $15.4 million in 2022, from $14.4 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher digital marketing costs of $0.9 million and increased activity in our direct mail campaigns of $0.2 million to support growth. Other Expenses. Other expenses increased $4.9 million, or 13.3%, to $42.1 million in 2022, from $37.2 million in 2021, primarily due to increased investment in digital and technological capabilities of $2.4 million and increased travel expenses of $0.9 million. Additionally, we often experience increases in other expenses including legal and settlement expenses, external fraud, collections expense, bank fees, and certain professional expenses as we grow our loan portfolio and expand our market footprint. Operating Expense Ratio. Our operating expense ratio decreased by 1.6% to 14.5% during 2022, from 16.1% during 2021. Our operating expense ratio has declined as we have grown our loan portfolio and controlled expense growth. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 49 Interest Expense. Interest expense on debt increased $2.9 million, or 9.2%, to $34.2 million in 2022, from $31.3 million in 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of our debt facilities, partially offset by a decrease in our average cost of debt. The average cost of debt decreased 0.70% to 2.89% in 2022, from 3.59% in 2021, primarily driven by a $10.4 million increase in the fair value of our interest rate caps and partially offset by increased variable rate funding costs. The average balance of our debt facilities increased to $1.2 billion during 2022, from $873.2 million during 2021. Income Taxes. Income taxes decreased $9.7 million, or 40.7%, to $14.1 million in 2022, from $23.8 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a $47.2 million decrease in income before taxes compared to 2021. Our effective tax rate increased to 21.6% in 2022, compared to 21.1% in 2021. Fiscal 2022 was impacted by tax benefits from the exercise and vesting of share-based awards and a research and development tax credit. The effective tax rate for 2021 was impacted by the tax benefits from the exercise and vesting of share-based awards and amended state tax returns. Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2021, Versus the Year Ended December 31, 2020 For a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2022), which is incorporated by reference herein. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our primary cash needs relate to the funding of our lending activities and, to a lesser extent, expenditures relating to improving our technology infrastructure and expanding and maintaining our branch locations. We have historically financed, and plan to continue to finance, our short-term and long-term operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations and borrowings under our debt facilities, including our senior revolving credit facility, revolving warehouse credit facilities, and asset-backed securitization transactions, all of which are described below. We continue to seek ways to diversify our funding sources. As of December 31, 2022, we had a funded debt-to-equity ratio (debt divided by total stockholders’ equity) of 4.4 to 1.0 and a stockholders’ equity ratio (total stockholders’ equity as a percentage of total assets) of 17.9%. Cash and cash equivalents decreased to $3.9 million as of December 31, 2022, from $10.5 million as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 we had $97.6 million and $199.2 million, respectively, of immediate availability to draw down cash from our revolving credit facilities. Our unused capacity on our revolving credit facilities (subject to the borrowing base) was $555.1 million and $556.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our total debt increased to $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2022, from $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2021. A summary of the future material financial obligations requiring repayments as of December 31, 2022 is as follows: Dollars in thousands Principal payments on debt obligations Interest payments on debt obligations Operating lease obligations Total $ $ Next Twelve Months Future Material Financial Obligations by Period Beyond Twelve Months $ 1,320,129 97,328 35,055 $ 1,452,512 Total $ 1,352,303 156,420 43,580 $ 1,552,303 32,174 59,092 8,525 99,791 Based upon anticipated cash flows, we believe that cash flows from operations and our various financing alternatives will provide sufficient financing for debt maturities and operations over the next twelve months, as well as into the future. From time to time, we have extended the maturity date of and increased the borrowing limits under our senior revolving credit facility. While we have successfully obtained such extensions and increases in the past, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so if and when needed in the future. In addition, the revolving period maturities of our securitizations and warehouse credit facilities (each as described below within “Financing Arrangements”) range from March 2023 to September 2026. There can be no assurance that we will be able to secure an extension of the warehouse credit facilities or close additional securitization transactions if and when needed in the future. Share Repurchases and Dividends. In October 2020, we announced that our Board had authorized a $30.0 million stock repurchase program. In May 2021, we completed the stock repurchase program. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 50 In May 2021, we announced that our Board had authorized a $30.0 million stock repurchase program. In August 2021, we announced that our Board had approved a $20.0 million increase in the amount authorized under the stock repurchase program, from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. In January 2022, we completed this stock repurchase program. In February 2022, we announced that our Board had authorized a $20.0 million stock repurchase program. In May 2022, we completed the stock repurchase program. @> <: 8 6 +) The Board may in its discretion declare and pay cash dividends on our common stock. The following table sets forth the dividends declared and paid for 2022: Period 1Q 22 2Q 22 3Q 22 4Q 22 Total Declaration Date February 9, 2022 May 4, 2022 August 3, 2022 November 1, 2022 Record Date February 23, 2022 May 25, 2022 August 24, 2022 November 23, 2022 Payment Date March 16, 2022 June 15, 2022 September 15, 2022 December 14, 2022 Dividends Declared Per Common Share $ $ $ $ $ 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 1.20 The Board declared and paid $11.8 million of cash dividends on our common stock during 2022. See Note 19, “Subsequent Events” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for information regarding our quarterly cash dividend following the end of the year. While we intend to pay our quarterly dividend for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. Our dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. Cash Flow. Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities in 2022 was $224.3 million, compared to $189.0 million provided by operating activities in 2021, an increase of $35.3 million. The increase was primarily due to the growth in our business described above, which produced an increase in net income, before provision for credit losses. Investing Activities. Investing activities consist of originations and repayments of finance receivables, purchases of intangible assets, and purchases of property and equipment for new and existing branches. Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was $447.3 million, compared to $355.1 million in 2021, an increase in cash used of $92.2 million. The increase in cash used was primarily due to increased originations of finance receivables and the purchase of restricted available-for-sale investments. Financing Activities. Financing activities consist of borrowings and payments on our outstanding indebtedness. In 2022, net cash provided by financing activities was $205.6 million, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $243.4 million in 2021, a decrease of $37.8 million. The decrease in cash provided was the result of a $92.9 million net decrease in advances on debt instruments and an increase in cash dividends of $1.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in the repurchase of common stock of $46.8 million, a decrease in taxes paid of $7.0 million, and a decrease in payments for debt issuance costs of $3.3 million. Financing Arrangements. Senior Revolving Credit Facility. In November 2022, we amended and restated our senior revolving credit facility to, among other things, decrease the availability under the facility from $500 million to $420 million. Our debt under the senior revolving credit facility was $147.5 million as of December 31, 2022, and the facility matures in September 2024. Excluding the receivables held by our variable interest entities (each, a “VIE”), the senior revolving credit facility is secured by substantially all of our finance receivables and equity interests of the majority of our subsidiaries. Advances on the senior revolving credit facility are capped at 83% of eligible secured finance receivables. In September 2022, the Company amended and restated its senior revolving credit facility to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for the calculation of interest with a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The one-month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by one-month SOFR with a floor of not less than 0.50%. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable monthly, at rates equal to one-month SOFR, with a SOFR floor of not less than 0.50%, plus a 3.00% margin and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 7.22% at December 31, Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 51 2022. We pay an unused line fee between 0.50% and 1.00% based on the outstanding balance. As of December 31, 2022, we had $49.2 million of immediate availability to draw down cash under the facility and held $3.9 million in unrestricted cash. In advance of its September 2024 maturity date, we intend to extend the maturity date of the amended and restated senior revolving credit facility or take other appropriate action to address repayment upon maturity. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and the filings referenced therein for a discussion of risks related to our amended and restated senior revolving credit facility, including refinancing risk. Variable Interest Entity Debt. As part of our overall funding strategy, we have transferred certain finance receivables to affiliated VIEs for asset-backed financing transactions, including securitizations. The debt arrangements described below are issued by our wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, SPEs, which are considered VIEs under GAAP and are consolidated into the financial statements of their primary beneficiary. These debts are supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections on these finance receivables are remitted to restricted cash collection accounts, which totaled $112.2 million and $107.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash inflows from the finance receivables are distributed to the lenders/investors, the service providers, and/or the residual interest that we own in accordance with a monthly contractual priority of payments. The SPEs pay a servicing fee to us, which is eliminated in consolidation. Distribution from the SPEs to the Company are permitted under the debt arrangements. At each sale of receivables from our affiliates to the SPEs, we make certain representations and warranties about the quality and nature of the collateralized receivables. The debt arrangements require us to repurchase the receivables in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which the representations and warranties made by us concerning the quality and characteristics of the receivables are inaccurate. Assets transferred to SPEs are legally isolated from us and our affiliates, and the claims of our and our affiliates’ creditors. Further, the assets of each SPE are owned by such SPE and are not available to satisfy the debts or other obligations of us or any of our affiliates. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and the filings referenced therein for a discussion of risks related to our variable interest entity debt. RMR II Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. In April 2021, we and our wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables II, LLC (“RMR II”), amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR II to, among other things, extend the date at which the facility converts to an amortizing loan and the termination date to March 2023 and March 2024, respectively, decrease the total facility from $125 million to $75 million, increase the cap on facility advances from 80% to 83% of eligible finance receivables, and increase the rate at which borrowings under the facility bore interest, payable monthly, at a rate equal to three-month LIBOR, with a LIBOR floor of 0.25%, plus a blended margin of 2.35% (2.15% prior to the April 2021 amendment). The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that we purchased from our affiliates, which we then sold and transferred to RMR II. In September 2022, the Company and its wholly-owned SPE, RMR II, amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR II to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for calculation of interest rate with a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The three- month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by three-month SOFR with a floor of 0.25%, plus a 2.35% margin and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 7.00% at December 31, 2022. RMR II pays an unused commitment fee between 0.35% and 0.85% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. RMR II had $20.2 million of immediate availability to draw down cash under the facility. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the credit facility was $0.2 million. RMR IV Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. In April 2021, we and our wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC (“RMR IV”), entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $125 million revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR IV. The facility converts to an amortizing loan in April 2023 and terminates in April 2024. The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that we purchased from our affiliates, which we then sold and transferred to RMR IV. Advances on the facility are capped at 81% of eligible finance receivables. In September 2022, the Company and its wholly-owned SPE, RMR IV, amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR IV to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for calculation of interest rate with a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The one- month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by one-month SOFR with a margin of 2.35% and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 6.57% at December 31, 2022. RMR IV pays an unused commitment fee between 0.35% and 0.70% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the credit facility was $18.1 million. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 52 @> <: 8 6 +) RMR V Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. In April 2021, we and our wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC (“RMR V”), entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $100 million revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR V. In September 2022, we and our wholly owned SPE, RMR V, amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR V to, among other things, extend the dates at which the facility converts to an amortizing loan and the termination date to November 2022 and November 2023, respectively (October 2022 and October 2023 prior to the September 2022 amendment). Following a subsequent amendment in November 2022, the amortizing loan conversion date and termination date were extended to November 2024 and November 2025, respectively. The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that we purchased from our affiliates, which we then sold and transferred to RMR V. Advances on the facility are capped at 80% of eligible finance receivables. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable monthly, at a per annum rate, which in the case of a conduit lender is the commercial paper rate, plus a margin of 2.75% (2.20% prior to the November 2022 amendment). The effective interest rate was 7.62% at December 31, 2022. RMR V pays an unused commitment fee between 0.45% and 0.75% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. RMR V had $28.1 million of immediate availability to draw down cash under the facility. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the credit facility was $0.3 million. RMIT 2020-1 Securitization. In September 2020, we, our wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables III, LLC (“RMR III”), and our indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2020-1 (“RMIT 2020-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $180 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate asset- backed notes by RMIT 2020-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2020-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in September 2023, with a final maturity date in October 2030. Borrowings under the RMIT 2020-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.85% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in October 2030, we may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in October 2023. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $180.2 million. RMIT 2021-1 Securitization. In February 2021, we, our wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and our indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-1 (“RMIT 2021-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $249 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in February 2024, with a final maturity date in March 2031. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.08% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in March 2031, we may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in March 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $248.9 million. RMIT 2021-2 Securitization. In July 2021, we, our wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and our indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-2 (“RMIT 2021-2”), completed a private offering and sale of $200 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-2. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-2. The notes have a revolving period ending in July 2026, with a final maturity date in August 2033. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-2 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.30% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in August 2033, we may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in August 2026. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $200.2 million. RMIT 2021-3 Securitization. In October 2021, we, our wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and our indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-3 (“RMIT 2021-3”), completed a private offering and sale of $125 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of fixed-rate asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-3. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-3. The notes have a revolving period ending in September 2026, with a final maturity date in October 2033. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-3 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 3.88% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in October 2033, we may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in October 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $125.2 million. RMIT 2022-1 Securitization. In February 2022, we, our wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and our indirectly wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-1 (“RMIT 2022-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $250 million of asset-backed Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 53 notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate asset-backed notes by RMIT 2022-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2022-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in February 2025, with a final maturity date in March 2032. Borrowings under the RMIT 2022-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 3.59% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in March 2032, we may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in March 2025. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $250.4 million. RMIT 2022-2B Securitization. In October 2022, we, our wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and our indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-2B (“RMIT 2022-2B”), completed a private offering and sale of $200 million of asset- backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of three classes of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2022-2B. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from us, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2022-2B. The notes have a revolving period ending in October 2024, with a final maturity date in November 2031. RMR III sold two classes of the asset-backed notes and transferred them to RMIT 2022-2B. The $16.3 million class of the fixed-rate, asset-backed notes was retained by RMR III on the closing date but may be sold in whole or in part. Borrowings under the sold notes bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 7.51% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in November 2031, we may redeem the sold notes in full, but not in part, at our option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in November 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. As of December 31, 2022, our debt under the securitization was $184.3 million. See Note 19, “Subsequent Events” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for information regarding the addition of a revolving credit facility following the end of the fiscal year. Our debt arrangements are subject to certain covenants, including monthly and annual reporting, maintenance of specified interest coverage and debt ratios, restrictions on distributions, limitations on other indebtedness, and certain other restrictions. At December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. Restricted Cash Reserve Accounts. RMR II Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. The credit agreement governing the RMR II revolving warehouse credit facility requires that we maintain a 1% cash reserve based upon the ending finance receivables balance of the facility. As of December 31, 2022, the warehouse facility cash reserve requirement totaled $0.2 million. The warehouse facility is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $1.2 million as of December 31, 2022. RMR IV Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. The credit agreement governing the RMR IV revolving warehouse credit facility requires that we maintain a 1% cash reserve based upon the ending finance receivables balance of the facility. As of December 31, 2022, the warehouse facility cash reserve requirement totaled $0.2 million. The warehouse facility is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $1.1 million as of December 31, 2022. RMR V Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility. The credit agreement governing the RMR V revolving warehouse credit facility requires that we maintain a 1% cash reserve based upon the ending finance receivables balance of the facility. As of December 31, 2022, the warehouse facility cash reserve requirement totaled $0.4 million. The warehouse facility is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $2.3 million as of December 31, 2022. RMIT 2020-1 Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2020-1 securitization, we deposited $1.9 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $13.7 million as of December 31, 2022. RMIT 2021-1 Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2021-1 securitization, we deposited $2.6 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $22.2 million as of December 31, 2022. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 54 @> <: 8 6 +) RMIT 2021-2 Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2021-2 securitization, we deposited $2.1 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $16.5 million as of December 31, 2022. RMIT 2021-3 Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2021-3 securitization, we deposited $1.5 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $16.6 million as of December 31, 2022. RMIT 2022-1 Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2022-1 securitization, we deposited $2.6 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $21.4 million as of December 31, 2022. RMIT 2022-2B Securitization. As required under the transaction documents governing the RMIT 2022-2B securitization, we deposited $2.3 million of cash proceeds into a restricted cash reserve account at closing. The securitization is supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections are remitted to a restricted cash collection account, which totaled $17.2 million as of December 31, 2022. RMC Reinsurance. Our wholly-owned subsidiary, RMC Reinsurance, Ltd., is required to maintain reserves against life insurance policies ceded to it, as determined by the ceding company. As of December 31, 2022, cash reserves for reinsurance were $1.9 million. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and conform to general practices within the consumer finance industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities for the periods indicated in the financial statements. Management bases estimates on historical experience and other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical credit experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. The historical loss experience is adjusted for quantitative and qualitative factors that are not fully reflected in the historical data. In determining our estimate of expected credit losses, we evaluate information related to credit metrics, changes in our lending strategies and underwriting practices, and the current and forecasted direction of the economic and business environment. These metrics include, but are not limited to, loan portfolio mix and growth, unemployment, credit loss trends, delinquency trends, changes in underwriting, and operational risks. We selected a static pool Probability of Default (“PD”) / Loss Given Default (“LGD”) model to estimate our base allowance for credit losses, in which the estimated loss is equal to the product of PD and LGD. Historical static pools of net finance receivables are tracked over the term of the pools to identify the incidences of loss (PDs) and the average severity of losses (LGDs). To enhance the precision of the allowance for credit loss estimate, we evaluate our finance receivable portfolio on a pool basis and segment each pool of finance receivables with similar credit risk characteristics. As part of our evaluation, we consider loan portfolio characteristics such as product type, loan size, loan term, internal or external credit scores, delinquency status, geographical location, and vintage. Based on analysis of historical loss experience, we selected the following segmentation: product type, Fair Isaac Corporation score, and delinquency status. As finance receivables are originated, provisions for credit losses are recorded in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses at an adequate level to provide for estimated losses over the contractual life of the finance receivables (considering the effect of prepayments). Subsequent changes to the contractual terms that are a result of re-underwriting are not included in the finance receivable’s contractual life (considering the effect of prepayments). We use our segmentation loss experience to forecast expected credit losses. Historical information about losses generally provides a basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. We also consider the need to adjust historical information to reflect the extent to which current conditions differ from the conditions Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 55 that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. These adjustments to historical loss information may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. Macroeconomic forecasts are required for our allowance for credit loss model and require significant judgment and estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for credit losses. We engaged a major rating service provider to assist with compiling a reasonable and supportable forecast which we use to support the adjustments of our historical loss experience. Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our credit loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for credit losses, allowance as a percentage of net finance receivables, and provision for credit losses. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $20.7 million and $17.0 million in macroeconomic reserves, respectively. Potential macroeconomic changes have created conditions that increase the level of uncertainty associated with our estimate of the amount and timing of future credit losses from our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic Sensitivity. To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we stressed our macroeconomic model with 10% increased weighting towards moderate recession that would have increased our reserves as of December 31, 2022 by $0.9 million. The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 56 @> <: 8 6 +) ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect our results of operations and financial condition. We originate finance receivables either at prevailing market rates or at statutory limits. Our finance receivables are structured on a fixed-rate, fixed-term basis. Accordingly, subject to statutory limits, our ability to react to changes in prevailing market rates is dependent upon the speed at which our customers pay off or renew loans in our existing loan portfolio, which allows us to originate new loans at prevailing market rates. Because our large loans have longer maturities than our small loans and typically renew at a slower rate than our small loans, our reaction time to changes may be affected as our large loans change as a percentage of our portfolio. We also are exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of certain borrowing activities. As of December 31, 2022, the interest rates on 88% of our debt (the securitizations) were fixed. We maintain liquidity and fund our business operations in part through variable-rate borrowings under a senior revolving credit facility and three revolving warehouse credit facilities. In September 2022, we amended and restated our senior, RMR II warehouse, and RMR IV warehouse revolving credit facilities, transitioning the benchmark rate for the calculation of interest with a forward-looking term rate from LIBOR to SOFR, effective on October 1, 2022. See Note 11, “Debt” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” for information regarding the September 2022 amendments and transition of the benchmark rates. At December 31, 2022, the balances and key terms of the credit facilities were as follows: Revolving Credit Facility Senior RMR II Warehouse RMR IV Warehouse RMR V Warehouse Total Balance (in thousands) 147,547 $ 189 18,144 286 166,166 $ Interest Payment Frequency Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Rate Type 1-month SOFR 3-month SOFR 1-month SOFR Conduit Floor 0.50% 0.25% — — Benchmark Adjustment Margin Effective Interest Rate 0.10% 0.25% 0.10% — 3.00% 2.35% 2.35% 2.75% 7.22% 7.00% 6.57% 7.62% We previously purchased interest rate caps to manage the risk associated with LIBOR-based borrowings. These interest rate caps were based on the one-month LIBOR and reimbursed us for the difference when the one-month LIBOR exceeded the strike rate. In April 2022, we collateralized our interest rate caps. Subsequently, we sold our shorter-duration interest rate cap contracts with a fair value of $14.7 million. These sold interest rate caps had an aggregate notional principal amount of $450.0 million and maturity dates ranging from March 2023 through June 2024. In August 2022, we sold our remaining interest rate caps with a fair value of $5.0 million, having an aggregate notional principal amount of $100.0 million and maturing in 2026. As of December 31, 2022, we no longer maintained interest rate cap protection. Based on the underlying rates and the outstanding balances at December 31, 2022, an increase of 100 basis points in the rates of our revolving credit facilities would result in approximately $1.7 million of increased interest expense on an annual basis, in the aggregate, under these borrowings. The nature and amount of our debt may vary as a result of future business requirements, market conditions, and other factors. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 57 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. REGIONAL MANAGEMENT CORP. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 34) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 49) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 59 62 64 66 67 68 70 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 58 @> <: 8 6 +) REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Regional Management Corp. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Regional Management Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to consolidated financial statements (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Allowance for Credit Losses — Refer to Notes 2 and 4 to the financial statements The Company’s estimate of expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio is recorded in the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical credit experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. The historical loss experience is adjusted for quantitative and qualitative factors that are not fully reflected in the historical data. In determining its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company evaluates information related to credit metrics, changes in its lending strategies and underwriting practices, and the current and forecasted direction of the economic and business environment. These metrics include, but are not limited to, loan portfolio mix and growth, unemployment, credit loss trends, delinquency trends, changes in underwriting, and operational risks. The Company selected a static pool Probability of Default (“PD”) / Loss Given Default (“LGD”) model to estimate its base allowance for credit losses, in which the estimated loss is equal to the product of PD and LGD. Historical static pools of net finance receivables are tracked over the term of the pools to identify the incidences of loss (PDs) and the average severity of losses (LGDs). To enhance the precision of the allowance for credit loss estimate, the Company evaluates its finance receivable portfolio on a pool basis and segments each pool of finance receivables with similar credit risk characteristics. As part of its evaluation, the Company considers loan portfolio characteristics such as product type, loan size, loan term, internal or external credit scores, delinquency status, geographical location, and vintage. Based on analysis of historical loss experience, the Company selected the following segmentation: product type, Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, and delinquency status. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 59 Historical information about losses generally provides a basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. The Company also considers the need to adjust historical information to reflect the extent to which current conditions differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. These adjustments to historical loss information may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. Reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecasts are required for the Company’s allowance for credit loss model. The Company engaged a major rating service to assist with compiling a reasonable and supportable forecast. The Company reviews macroeconomic forecasts to use in its allowance for credit losses. The Company adjusts the historical loss experience by relevant qualitative factors for these expectations. Given the size of the loan portfolio and the subjective nature of estimating the allowance for credit losses, auditing the allowance for credit losses involved a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the allowance for credit losses included the following, among others: • We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the relevant controls related to (i) selection of the macroeconomic forecasts, (ii) execution and monitoring of the PG/LGD model, (iii) adjustments made to the historical loss experience for qualitative factors, and (iv) overall calculation and disclosure of the allowance for credit losses. • We used our credit specialists to assist us in (i) evaluating the reasonableness of the PG/LGD model and certain assumptions, and (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of design, theory, and logic of the model for estimating expected credit losses. • We tested the completeness and accuracy of the data input into the models and assessed the reasonableness of the model’s calculations of probability of default and loss given default. • We (i) evaluated the reasonableness of management’s macroeconomic forecast selection, (ii) evaluated the appropriateness and relevance of adjustments made to the historical loss experience for qualitative factors, and (iii) tested the arithmetic accuracy of the calculation of these adjustments. • We tested the arithmetic accuracy of the calculation of the overall allowance for credit losses and assessed the reasonableness of the related disclosures. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Charlotte, North Carolina February 24, 2023 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 60 @> <: 8 6 +) REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Regional Management Corp. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Regional Management Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Auditor’s Unqualified Report on Financial Statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Charlotte, North Carolina February 24, 2023 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 61 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Allowance for credit losses As described in Note 2 and Note 4 to the financial statements, the Company established an allowance for credit losses of $159.3 million as of December 31, 2021, under the current expected credit losses (CECL) model. The allowance for credit losses consists of a base component in which the credit losses for finance receivables are estimated on a collective basis using the static pool Probability of Default/Loss Given Default model segmented by loan product type, credit score, and delinquency status. The Company’s base component of the allowance for credit losses also accounts for certain finance receivables that have been modified by bankruptcy proceedings or company loss mitigation policies using a discounted cash flows approach. The base component of the allowance for credit losses is adjusted for quantitative and qualitative factors related to credit metrics, including but not limited to, loan portfolio mix and growth, unemployment, credit loss trends, delinquency trends, changes in lending strategies and underwriting practices, and operational risks, as well as the current and forecasted direction of the economic and business environment. These adjustments to the base component are determined by management to involve a higher degree of complexity due to the significant judgements surrounding the macroeconomic forecasts and other qualitative factors. We identified the Company’s macroeconomic forecasts and other qualitative factors of the allowance for credit losses as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management and the fact that the estimates related to macroeconomic and qualitative factors are highly sensitive to changes in the underlying data and assumptions. Significant auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort was required when performing audit procedures to evaluate the Company’s estimates and assumptions related to the significant judgments surrounding the macroeconomic forecasts and other qualitative factors of the allowance for credit losses. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 62 The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following, among others: • Obtaining an understanding of the relevant controls related to: (a) management’s validation of the macroeconomic forecast • • • spread and scenarios, (b) management’s validation of the qualitative factor inputs, and (c) management’s validation of the calculations, and our testing of such controls for design and operating effectiveness. Testing the completeness and accuracy of data used by management in determining macroeconomic forecast and qualitative factor adjustments by agreeing them to internal and external source data. Evaluating the current and forecasted direction and magnitude of the economic and business environment identified by the Company, adjusted for the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasonableness in relation to internal and external source data provided. Evaluating the direction and magnitude of other qualitative factor adjustments related to credit metrics, including but not limited to, loan portfolio mix and growth, unemployment, credit loss trends, delinquency trends, changes in lending strategies and underwriting practices, and operational risks identified by the Company for reasonableness in relation to internal and external source data provided. @> <: 8 6 +) /s/ RSM US LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2007 through March 4, 2022. Raleigh, North Carolina March 4, 2022 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 63 Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except par value amounts) Assets Cash Net finance receivables Unearned insurance premiums Allowance for credit losses Net finance receivables, less unearned insurance premiums and allowance for credit losses Restricted cash Lease assets Restricted available-for-sale investments Deferred tax assets, net Property and equipment Intangible assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Liabilities: Debt Unamortized debt issuance costs Net debt Lease liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7, 17, and 18) Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock ($0.10 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding) Common stock ($0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 14,330 shares issued and 9,523 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 14,157 shares issued and 9,788 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021) Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock (4,807 shares at December 31, 2022 and 4,370 shares at December 31, 2021) Total stockholders’ equity Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 2022 2021 $ 3,873 1,699,393 (51,008) (178,800) $ 10,507 1,426,257 (47,837) (159,300) 1,469,585 127,926 34,521 20,416 13,810 14,526 12,122 28,208 $ 1,724,987 1,219,120 138,682 28,721 — 18,420 12,938 9,517 21,757 $ 1,459,662 $ 1,355,359 (9,512) 1,345,847 36,712 33,795 1,416,354 $ 1,107,953 (11,010) 1,096,943 30,700 49,283 1,176,926 — — 1,433 112,384 345,545 (586) (150,143) 308,633 $ 1,724,987 1,416 104,745 306,105 — (129,530) 282,736 $ 1,459,662 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 64 The following table presents the assets and liabilities of our consolidated variable interest entities: Assets Cash Net finance receivables Allowance for credit losses Restricted cash Other assets Total assets Liabilities Net debt Accounts payable and accrued expenses Total liabilities @> <: 8 6 +) $ $ $ $ 439 1,296,078 (134,708) 126,017 1,706 1,289,532 1,199,404 167 1,199,571 $ $ $ $ 364 1,004,954 (109,898) 118,818 4 1,014,242 986,223 71 986,294 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 65 Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts) Revenue Interest and fee income Insurance income, net Other income Total revenue Expenses Provision for credit losses Personnel Occupancy Marketing Other Total general and administrative expenses Interest expense Income before income taxes Income taxes Net income Net income per common share: Basic Diluted Weighted-average common shares outstanding: Basic Diluted Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: Unrealized loss on restricted available-for-sale investments Other comprehensive loss, before tax Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Total comprehensive income 2022 2021 2020 $ 450,854 43,502 12,831 507,187 $ 382,544 35,482 10,325 428,351 $ 335,215 28,349 10,342 373,906 185,115 89,015 123,810 $ $ $ 141,243 23,809 15,378 42,098 222,528 34,223 65,321 14,097 51,224 5.51 5.30 9,296 9,656 (742) (742) 156 (586) $ $ $ 119,833 24,126 14,405 37,150 195,514 31,349 112,473 23,786 88,687 8.84 8.33 10,034 10,643 — — — — $ $ $ 109,560 22,629 10,357 33,770 176,316 37,852 35,928 9,198 26,730 2.45 2.40 10,930 11,145 — — — — $ 50,638 $ 88,687 $ 26,730 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 66 Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2022 @> <: 8 6 +) Treasury Stock Total Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Common Stock Shares 14,157 $ 1,416 $104,745 $306,105 $ Amount — 224 61 — (112) — — — — 22 6 — (11) — — — — (11,784) — (22) — — — — (3,107) 10,768 — — — — 51,224 — 14,330 $ 1,433 $112,384 $345,545 $ — $(129,530) $282,736 — (11,784) — — — — — 6 — (20,613) (20,613) — — (3,118) — 10,768 — 51,224 (586) (586) (586) $(150,143) $308,633 — — — — Balance, December 31, 2021 Cash dividends Issuance of restricted stock awards Exercise of stock options Repurchase of common stock Shares withheld related to net share settlement Share-based compensation Net income Other comprehensive loss Balance, December 31, 2022 Balance, December 31, 2020 Cash dividends Issuance of restricted stock awards Exercise of stock options Repurchase of common stock Shares withheld related to net share settlement Share-based compensation Short-swing profit disgorgement Net income Year Ended December 31, 2021 Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Common Stock Shares 13,851 $ 1,385 $105,483 $227,343 $ Amount — 219 453 — (366) — — — — 22 46 — (37) — — — — (22) — — (8,196) 7,399 81 — (9,925) — — — — — — 88,687 Additional Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Common Stock Shares 13,497 $ 1,350 $102,678 $248,829 $ Amount Balance, December 31, 2021 14,157 $ 1,416 $104,745 $306,105 $ Year Ended December 31, 2020 Balance, December 31, 2019 Cash dividends Issuance of restricted stock awards Exercise of stock options Repurchase of common stock Shares withheld related to net share settlement Share-based compensation Net income Cumulative effect of accounting standard adoption — 361 266 — (273) — — — — 36 27 — (28) — — — — (36) — — (2,294) — — — (2,758) 5,599 — — — 26,730 — (45,922) Balance, December 31, 2020 13,851 $ 1,385 $105,483 $227,343 $ See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 67 Treasury Stock Total — $ (62,088) $272,123 (9,925) — — — — — — 46 — (67,442) (67,442) — — — (8,233) — — 7,399 — — 81 88,687 — — — $(129,530) $282,736 Treasury Stock Total — $(50,074) $302,783 (2,294) — — — — — 27 — — (12,014) — (12,014) — — — — — — (2,786) 5,599 26,730 — — (45,922) — $(62,088) $272,123 Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: $ 51,224 $ 88,687 $ 26,730 2022 2021 2020 Provision for credit losses Depreciation and amortization Amortization of deferred originations fees and costs Loss on disposal of property and equipment Share-based compensation Fair value adjustment on interest rate caps Deferred income taxes, net Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Increase in unearned insurance premiums Increase in lease assets Increase in other assets Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses Increase in lease liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Originations of finance receivables Repayments of finance receivables Purchases of intangible assets Purchases of property and equipment Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment Purchase of restricted available-for-sale investments Proceeds from sale of restricted available-for-sale investments Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Advances on revolving credit facilities Payments on revolving credit facilities Advances on securitizations Payments on securitizations Payments for debt issuance costs Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards Short-swing profit disgorgement Cash dividends Repurchases of common stock Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities Net change in cash and restricted cash Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period Cash and restricted cash at end of period Supplemental cash flow information: Interest paid Income taxes paid Operating leases paid Non-cash lease assets and liabilities acquired Non-cash dividends payable 185,115 12,689 (15,843) 143 10,768 — 4,766 3,171 (5,800) (13,271) (14,642) 6,012 224,332 89,015 11,653 (15,776) 161 7,399 (2,721) (4,299) 13,292 (1,605) (8,443) 10,153 1,499 189,015 123,810 13,308 (14,966) 180 5,599 261 676 5,954 (678) (6,553) 9,927 731 164,979 (1,643,537) 1,228,495 (5,534) (5,874) — (23,974) 3,130 (447,294) 1,832,412 (1,910,717) 433,720 (109,228) (5,656) (2,993) — (11,353) (20,613) 205,572 (17,390) 149,189 131,799 40,475 26,963 9,071 13,493 431 $ $ $ $ $ $ (1,452,634) 1,104,437 (3,273) (3,588) — — — (355,058) 1,901,870 (1,985,601) 573,700 (150,857) (8,907) (9,951) 81 (9,537) (67,442) 243,356 77,313 71,876 149,189 29,428 23,077 9,729 9,717 388 $ $ $ $ $ $ (1,072,599) 986,263 (1,417) (3,933) 2 — — (91,684) 1,283,242 (1,352,053) 180,000 (150,000) (3,170) (1,635) — (2,216) (12,014) (57,846) 15,449 56,427 71,876 31,993 7,130 8,251 7,910 78 $ $ $ $ $ $ Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 68 The following table reconciles cash and restricted cash from the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the statements above: Cash Restricted cash Total cash and restricted cash December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 $ $ 3,873 127,926 131,799 $ $ 10,507 138,682 149,189 $ $ 8,052 63,824 71,876 @> <: 8 6 +) See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 69 Regional Management Corp. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Nature of Business Regional Management Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated and began operations in 1987. The Company is engaged in the consumer finance business, offering small loans, large loans, retail loans, and related payment and collateral protection insurance products. The Company ceased accepting applications for retail loan products, effective November 2022. The Company will continue to own and service its existing portfolio of retail loans. As of December 31, 2022, the Company operated under the name “Regional Finance” online and in branch locations in 18 states across the United States. The Company’s loan volume and contractual delinquency follow seasonal trends. Demand for the Company’s small and large loans is typically highest during the second, third, and fourth quarters, which the Company believes is largely due to customers borrowing money for vacation, back-to-school, and holiday spending. Loan demand has generally been the lowest during the first quarter, which the Company believes is largely due to the timing of income tax refunds. Delinquencies generally reach their lowest point in the first half of the year and rise in the second half of the year. Changes in quarterly growth or liquidation could result in larger allowance for credit loss releases in periods of portfolio liquidation, and larger provisions for credit losses in periods of portfolio growth. Consequently, the Company experiences seasonal fluctuations in its operating results. However, changes in macroeconomic factors, including inflation, rising interest rates, and geopolitical conflict, have impacted the Company’s typical seasonal trends for loan volume and delinquency. Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies The following is a description of significant accounting policies used in preparing the financial statements. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). Business segments: The Company has one reportable segment, which is the consumer finance segment. Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company operates through a separate wholly owned subsidiary in each state. The Company also consolidates variable interest entities (each, a “VIE”) when it is considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE because it has (i) power over the significant activities of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns that could be significant to the VIE. Variable interest entities: The Company transfers pools of loans to wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entities (each, an “SPE”) to secure debt for general funding purposes. These entities have the limited purpose of acquiring finance receivables and holding and making payments on the related debts. Assets transferred to each SPE are legally isolated from the Company and its affiliates, as well as the claims of the Company’s and its affiliates’ creditors. Further, the assets of each SPE are owned by such SPE and are not available to satisfy the debts or other obligations of the Company or any of its affiliates. The Company continues to service the finance receivables transferred to the SPEs. The lenders and investors in the debt issued by the SPEs generally only have recourse to the assets of the SPEs and do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. The SPEs’ debt arrangements are structured to provide credit enhancements to the lenders and investors, which may include overcollateralization, subordination of interests, excess spread, and reserve funds. These enhancements, along with the isolated finance receivables pools, increase the creditworthiness of the SPEs above that of the Company as a whole. This increases the marketability of the Company’s collateral for borrowing purposes, leading to more favorable borrowing terms, improved interest rate risk management, and additional flexibility to grow the business. The SPEs are considered VIEs under GAAP and are consolidated into the financial statements of their primary beneficiary. The Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary of the SPEs because it has (i) power over the significant activities through its role as servicer of the finance receivables under each debt arrangement and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns that could be significant through the Company’s interest in the monthly residual cash flows of the SPEs. Consolidation of VIEs results in these transactions being accounted for as secured borrowings; therefore, the pooled receivables and the related debts remain on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company. Each debt is secured solely by the assets of the VIEs and not by any other assets of the Company. The assets of the VIEs are the only source of funds for repayment on each debt, and restricted cash held by the VIEs can only be used to support payments on the debt. The Company recognizes revenue and provision for credit losses on the finance receivables of the VIEs and interest expense on the related secured debt. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 70 Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities for the periods indicated in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates that are susceptible to change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the fair value of financial instruments. @> <: 8 6 +) Reclassifications and revisions: Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net income or stockholders’ equity. Revision: Subsequent to issuance of the September 30, 2021 financial statements, the Company concluded that certain cash flow statement line items should be broken out to reflect cash receipts and cash payments on a gross basis, rather than net. As a result, the net originations of finance receivables, net advances (payments) on senior revolving credit facility, net advances (payments) on revolving warehouse credit facilities, and net advances on securitizations line items have been updated to reflect a gross presentation. The Company also concluded that the amortization of deferred origination fees and costs, accrued interest receivables, and unearned insurance premiums included in the net originations of finance receivables (previously in investing activities) and accrued interest payables included in debt (previously in financing activities) should be included in operating activities. These changes will classify cash flows related to interest received on finance receivables and interest paid on debt as operating activities and cash flows related to net loan origination fees and costs as investing activities. To correct these classification errors, amounts previously reported have been reclassified for the year ended December 31, 2020. Impacts for the year ended December 31, 2020 included a decrease in net cash provided by operating activities of $7.2 million, a decrease in net cash used in investing activities of $6.7 million, and an increase in net cash provided by financing activities of $0.5 million. Treasury stock: The Company records the repurchase of shares of its common stock at cost on the settlement date of the transaction. These shares are considered treasury stock, which is a reduction to stockholders’ equity. Treasury stock is included in authorized and issued shares but excluded from outstanding shares. Net finance receivables: The Company’s small loan portfolio is comprised of branch small loan receivables and convenience check receivables. Branch small loan receivables are direct loans to customers and are secured by non-essential household goods and, in some instances, an automobile. Convenience checks are direct loans originated by mailing checks to customers based on a pre- screening process that includes a review of the prospective customer’s credit profile provided by national credit reporting bureaus or data aggregators. A recipient of a convenience check is able to enter into a loan by endorsing and depositing or cashing the check. Large loan receivables are direct loans to customers, some of which are convenience check receivables and the vast majority of which are secured by non-essential household goods, automobiles, and/or other vehicles. Retail loan receivables consist principally of retail installment sales contracts collateralized by the purchased furniture, appliances, and other retail items and are initiated by and purchased from retailers, subject to the Company’s credit approval. Loan renewals are a significant piece of new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. The Company may renew delinquent secured or unsecured loan accounts if the customer meets the Company’s underwriting criteria and it does not appear the cause of past delinquency will affect the customer’s ability to repay the renewed loan. Allowance for credit losses: The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued an accounting update in June 2016 to change the impairment model for estimating credit losses on financial assets. The previous incurred loss impairment model required the recognition of credit losses when it was probable that a loss had been incurred. The incurred loss model was replaced by the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, which requires entities to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on financial instruments and to record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset. The CECL model requires earlier recognition of credit losses as compared to the incurred loss approach. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The allowance for credit losses is based on historical credit experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. The historical loss experience is adjusted for quantitative and qualitative factors that are not fully reflected in the historical data. In determining its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company evaluates information related to credit metrics, changes in its lending strategies and underwriting practices, and the current and forecasted direction of the economic and business environment. These metrics include, but are not limited to, loan portfolio mix and growth, unemployment, credit loss trends, delinquency trends, changes in underwriting, and operational risks. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 71 The Company selected a static pool Probability of Default (“PD”) / Loss Given Default (“LGD”) model to estimate its base allowance for credit losses, in which the estimated loss is equal to the product of PD and LGD. Historical static pools of net finance receivables are tracked over the term of the pools to identify the incidences of loss (PDs) and the average severity of losses (LGDs). To enhance the precision of the allowance for credit loss estimate, the Company evaluates its finance receivable portfolio on a pool basis and segments each pool of finance receivables with similar credit risk characteristics. As part of its evaluation, the Company considers loan portfolio characteristics such as product type, loan size, loan term, internal or external credit scores, delinquency status, geographical location, and vintage. Based on analysis of historical loss experience, the Company selected the following segmentation: product type, Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, and delinquency status. As finance receivables are originated, provisions for credit losses are recorded in amounts sufficient to maintain an allowance for credit losses at an adequate level to provide for estimated losses over the contractual life of the finance receivables (considering the effect of prepayments). Subsequent changes to the contractual terms that are a result of re-underwriting are not included in the finance receivable’s contractual life (considering the effect of prepayments). The Company uses its segmentation loss experience to forecast expected credit losses. Historical information about losses generally provides a basis for the estimate of expected credit losses. The Company also considers the need to adjust historical information to reflect the extent to which current conditions differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. These adjustments to historical loss information may be qualitative or quantitative in nature. Reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecasts are required for the Company’s allowance for credit loss model. The Company engaged a major rating service to assist with compiling a reasonable and supportable forecast. The Company reviews macroeconomic forecasts to use in its allowance for credit losses. The Company adjusts the historical loss experience by relevant qualitative factors for these expectations. The Company does not require reversion adjustments, as the contractual lives of its portfolio are shorter than its available forecast periods. The Company charges credit losses against the allowance for all products when an account reaches 180 days contractually delinquent, subject to certain exceptions. The Company’s customer accounts without a lien on a vehicle in a confirmed bankruptcy are charged off in the month following the bankruptcy notification or at 60 days contractually delinquent, subject to certain exceptions. Deceased borrower accounts are charged off in the month following the proper notification of passing, with the exception of borrowers with credit life insurance. Subsequent recoveries of amounts charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance. Troubled Debt Restructurings: The Company classifies a finance receivable as a troubled debt restructuring (each, a “TDR”) when the Company modifies the finance receivable’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider. Modifications primarily include an interest rate reduction and/or term extension to reduce the borrower’s monthly payment. Once a loan is classified as a TDR, it remains a TDR for the purpose of calculating the allowance for credit losses for the remainder of its contractual term. The Company establishes its allowance for credit losses related to its TDRs by calculating the present value of all expected cash flows (discounted at the finance receivable’s effective interest rate prior to modification) less the amortized costs of the aggregated pool. The Company uses the modified interest rates and certain assumptions, including expected credit losses and recoveries, to estimate the expected cash flows from its TDRs. Delinquency: The Company determines past due status using the contractual terms of the finance receivable. Delinquency is one of the primary credit quality indicators used to evaluate the allowance for credit losses for each class of finance receivables. Property and equipment: Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the remaining term of the lease. Furniture and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, generally five to ten years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Leases: The Company leases its current headquarters building. Branch offices are leased under non-cancellable leases of three to seven years with renewal options. The Company’s lease liability is based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using a discount rate that is based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on its senior revolving credit facility. The Company’s lease asset includes right-of-use assets equaling the lease liability, net of prepaid rent and deferred rents that existed as of the adoption of the current lease accounting standard. The Company assesses its leased assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If a lease is impaired, the impairment loss is recognized in lease costs and the right-of-use asset is reduced to the impaired value. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 72 @> <: 8 6 +) Lease agreements with terms of twelve months or less are not capitalized as part of lease assets or liabilities and are expensed as incurred. The Company accounts for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component for its branch leases. The Company has elected not to apply this policy in relation to the corporate headquarters lease. The Company has also determined that it is reasonably certain that the first option to extend lease contracts will be exercised for new branch locations; therefore, the first option to extend is included in the lease asset and liability calculation. Restricted cash: Restricted cash includes cash and cash equivalents for which the Company’s ability to withdraw funds is contractually limited. The Company’s restricted cash consists of cash reserves that are maintained as collateral for potential credit life insurance claims and cash restricted for debt servicing of the Company’s revolving warehouse credit facilities and securitizations. Restricted available-for-sale investments: The Company classifies its investments in debt securities that were purchased with the Company’s restricted cash as restricted available-for-sale investments and carries the investments at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, are excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income or loss until realized. The unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale investments are specifically identified and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and included within earnings on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Derivative instruments: The Company held derivative instruments in the form of interest rate caps for the purpose of mitigating a portion of its exposure to interest rate risk. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and included in other assets, with their resulting gains or losses recognized in interest expense. Changes in fair value are reported as an adjustment to net income in computing cash flows from operating activities. Offsetting assets and liabilities: GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheet when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. GAAP also permits securities financing activities to be presented on a net basis when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Company has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. Income recognition: Interest income is recognized using the interest method (constant yield method). Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue from interest at an equal rate over the term of the loan. Unearned finance charges on pre-compute contracts are rebated to customers utilizing statutory methods, which in many cases is the sum-of-the-years’ digits method. The difference between income recognized under the constant yield method and the statutory method is recognized as an adjustment to interest income at the time of rebate. The Company recognizes income on credit life insurance, credit personal property insurance, and vehicle single interest insurance using the sum-of-the-years’ digits or straight-line methods over the terms of the policies. The Company recognizes income on credit accident and health insurance using the average of the sum-of-the-years’ digits and the straight-line methods over the terms of the policies. The Company recognizes income on credit involuntary unemployment insurance using the straight-line method over the terms of the policies. Rebates are computed using statutory methods, which in many cases match the GAAP method, and where it does not match, the difference between the GAAP method and the statutory method is recognized in income at the time of rebate. Fee income for non-file insurance is recognized using the sum-of-the-years’ digits method over the loan term. Charges for late fees are recognized as income when collected. Nonaccrual status: Accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when an account becomes 90 days delinquent. If the account is charged off, the accrued interest income is reversed as a reduction of interest and fee income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received. Loans resume accruing interest when the past due status is brought below 90 days. The Company made a policy election to not record an allowance for credit losses related to accrued interest because it has nonaccrual and charge-off policies that result in the timely suspension and reversal of accrued interest. Finance receivable origination fees and costs: Non-refundable fees received and direct costs (personnel and digital loan origination costs) incurred for the origination of finance receivables are deferred and recognized to interest income over their contractual lives using the constant yield method. Unamortized amounts are recognized in interest income at the time that finance receivables are paid in full, renewed, or charged off. Share-based compensation: The Company measures compensation cost for share-based awards at estimated fair value and recognizes compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. The Company uses the closing stock price on Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 73 the date of grant as the fair value of restricted stock awards and performance-contingent restricted stock units. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and the fair value of performance restricted stock units is determined using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo models require the input of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected dividends, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and a discount associated with post-vest holding restrictions, changes to which can affect the fair value estimate. Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock price volatility. Expected dividends are calculated using the expected dividend yield (annualized dividends divided by the grant date stock price). The expected term is calculated by using the simplified method (average of the vesting and original contractual terms) due to insufficient historical data to estimate the expected term. The risk-free rate is based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate over the expected term of the awards. The estimated discount associated with post-vest holding restrictions is calculated using a blend of the Finnerty and Chaffe models. In addition, the estimation of share-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. Marketing costs: Marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Income taxes: The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of its reported operating results. The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effects of future tax rate changes are recognized in the period when the enactment of new rates occurs. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, the position will be sustained upon examination. The tax benefits of the position recognized in the consolidated financial statements are then measured based on the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. The Company recognizes the tax benefits or deficiencies from the exercise or vesting of share-based awards in the income tax line of the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, in the period of exercise or vesting. Earnings per share: Earnings per share have been computed based on dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each reporting period presented. Common shares issuable upon the exercise of share-based compensation, which are computed using the treasury stock method, are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding awards, by computing total employee proceeds as the sum of the amount employees must pay upon exercise of the awards and the amount of unearned share-based compensation costs attributable to future services. Recent accounting pronouncements: In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting update eliminating the accounting for TDRs by creditors while enhancing the disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The amendment also requires disclosure of gross credit losses by year of origination for finance receivables. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential disclosure impacts of this update to its footnotes, but believes implementation of the update will not have a material financial effect on its consolidated financial statements. Note 3. Concentrations of Credit Risk Customers living in Texas, North Carolina, and South Carolina accounted for 34%, 15%, and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s net finance receivables as of December 31, 2022. Given the primary concentration of the Company’s portfolio of finance receivables in these states, such customers’ ability to honor their installment contracts may be affected by economic conditions in these states. The Company maintains amounts in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts, which are maintained with large domestic banks. Management believes the Company’s exposure to credit risk is minimal for these accounts. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 74 Note 4. Finance Receivables, Credit Quality Information, and Allowance for Credit Losses Net finance receivables for the periods indicated consisted of the following: December 31, Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Net finance receivables $ 2022 481,605 $ 2021 445,023 970,694 10,540 $ 1,699,393 $ 1,426,257 1,208,185 9,603 @> <: 8 6 +) Net finance receivables included net deferred origination fees of $16.0 million and $14.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The credit quality of the Company’s finance receivable portfolio is dependent on the Company’s ability to enforce sound underwriting standards, maintain diligent servicing of the portfolio, and respond to changing economic conditions as it grows its portfolio. The allowance for credit losses uses FICO scores and delinquency as key data points in estimating the allowance. The Company uses six FICO band categories to assess FICO scores. The first three FICO band categories include subprime FICO scores below 620. The fourth and fifth FICO band categories include near-prime FICO scores ranging from 620 to 659. The sixth FICO band category includes prime FICO scores of 660 or higher. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 75 Net finance receivables by product, FICO band at origination, and origination year as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year Dollars in thousands Small Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total small loans Large Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total large loans Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total retail loans Total Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total loans 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior $ 63,362 41,683 53,444 62,609 71,448 119,199 $ 411,745 $ $ 10,842 6,785 7,659 8,980 10,650 19,886 64,802 $ 60,836 41,174 112,336 150,559 150,793 290,648 $ 806,346 $ 20,653 15,955 44,805 57,913 59,154 109,931 $ 308,411 $ $ 8 475 1,310 1,389 1,083 1,123 5,388 $ $ 7 92 599 979 775 802 3,254 $ 124,206 83,332 167,090 214,557 223,324 410,970 $ 1,223,479 $ 31,502 22,832 53,063 67,872 70,579 130,619 $ 376,467 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,388 664 520 544 505 929 4,550 7,219 4,044 8,637 12,063 13,060 24,038 69,061 28 9 71 263 218 224 813 8,635 4,717 9,228 12,870 13,783 25,191 74,424 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 246 56 39 33 22 28 424 3,286 1,409 2,811 3,931 3,735 6,552 21,724 12 10 14 28 27 31 122 3,544 1,475 2,864 3,992 3,784 6,611 22,270 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 47 26 — — — — 73 826 111 172 152 172 263 1,696 4 — 1 2 3 — 10 877 137 173 154 175 263 1,779 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Total Net Finance Receivables $ $ 75,892 49,216 61,663 72,167 82,625 140,042 481,605 $ 93,359 62,814 168,898 224,685 226,951 431,478 $ 1,208,185 $ $ 62 586 1,998 2,665 2,111 2,181 9,603 $ 169,313 112,616 232,559 299,517 311,687 573,701 $ 1,699,393 7 2 1 1 — — 11 539 121 137 67 37 46 947 3 — 3 4 5 1 16 549 123 141 72 42 47 974 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 76 @> <: 8 6 +) Total Net Finance Receivables $ $ $ $ $ $ 85,423 55,215 59,185 64,194 66,174 114,832 445,023 75,989 59,444 151,389 188,129 180,637 315,106 970,694 391 411 1,696 2,964 2,484 2,594 10,540 6 3 1 1 1 1 13 649 171 118 50 68 56 1,112 2 — 4 2 1 2 11 657 174 123 53 70 59 1,136 $ 161,803 115,070 212,270 255,287 249,295 432,532 $ 1,426,257 Net finance receivables by product, FICO band, and origination year as of December 31, 2021 are as follows: Net Finance Receivables by Origination Year 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Dollars in thousands Small Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total small loans Large Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total large loans Retail Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total retail loans Total Loans: FICO Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total loans $ 71,720 48,507 52,113 56,631 57,058 96,149 $ 382,178 $ $ 11,243 5,805 6,278 6,834 8,484 17,837 56,481 $ 41,865 40,795 112,048 136,901 130,375 229,184 $ 691,168 $ 19,447 12,814 26,041 34,382 34,278 59,579 $ 186,541 $ $ 19 161 1,177 1,699 1,415 1,563 6,034 $ $ 137 86 338 840 678 702 2,781 $ 113,604 89,463 165,338 195,231 188,848 326,896 $ 1,079,380 $ 30,827 18,705 32,657 42,056 43,440 78,118 $ 245,803 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2,202 856 764 689 615 835 5,961 9,940 4,815 11,398 14,890 14,021 23,054 78,118 207 150 156 363 337 295 1,508 12,349 5,821 12,318 15,942 14,973 24,184 85,587 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 208 33 24 31 14 7 317 2,714 594 1,412 1,622 1,730 2,998 11,070 25 13 17 56 46 30 187 2,947 640 1,453 1,709 1,790 3,035 11,574 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 44 11 5 8 2 3 73 1,374 255 372 284 165 235 2,685 1 1 4 4 7 2 19 1,419 267 381 296 174 240 2,777 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 77 The contractual delinquency of the net finance receivable portfolio by product and aging for the periods indicated are as follows: Small Large Retail Total December 31, 2022 Dollars in thousands Current 1 to 29 days past due Delinquent accounts 30 to 59 days 60 to 89 days 90 to 119 days 120 to 149 days 150 to 179 days Total delinquency Total net finance receivables Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status Dollars in thousands Current 1 to 29 days past due Delinquent accounts 30 to 59 days 60 to 89 days 90 to 119 days 120 to 149 days 150 to 179 days Total delinquency Total net finance receivables Net finance receivables in nonaccrual status $ $388,978 48,924 13,144 12,251 8,714 5,572 4,022 $ 43,703 $481,605 $ % 80.7% $1,034,981 97,855 10.2% 2.8% 2.5% 1.8% 1.2% 0.8% 9.1% $ 22,712 18,828 15,427 10,675 7,707 75,349 100.0% $1,208,185 $ % 85.7% $ 7,543 1,269 8.1% 1.8% 1.6% 1.3% 0.9% 0.6% 6.2% $ 352 273 152 10 4 791 100.0% $ 9,603 $ % 78.6% $1,431,502 148,048 13.2% 36,208 3.7% 31,352 2.8% 24,293 1.6% 16,257 0.1% 0.0% 11,733 8.2% $ 119,843 100.0% $1,699,393 % 84.2% 8.7% 2.2% 1.8% 1.4% 1.0% 0.7% 7.1% 100.0% $ 20,810 4.3% $ 39,039 3.2% $ 212 2.2% $ 60,061 3.5% Small Large Retail Total December 31, 2021 $ $366,775 38,454 11,244 9,436 7,868 5,897 5,349 $ 39,794 $445,023 $ % 82.5% $861,855 64,491 8.6% $ % 88.8% $ 8,535 1,256 6.6% 13,777 2.5% 10,788 2.1% 7,971 1.8% 6,480 1.3% 1.2% 5,332 8.9% $ 44,348 100.0% $970,694 1.5% 1.1% 0.8% 0.7% 0.5% 4.6% $ 262 171 123 89 104 749 100.0% $ 10,540 $ % 81.0% $1,237,165 104,201 11.9% 2.5% 1.6% 1.2% 0.8% 1.0% 7.1% $ 25,283 20,395 15,962 12,466 10,785 84,891 100.0% $1,426,257 % 86.7% 7.3% 1.9% 1.4% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 6.0% 100.0% $ 21,285 4.8% $ 23,495 2.4% $ 390 3.7% $ 45,170 3.2% The accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when an account becomes 90 days delinquent. If a loan is charged off, the accrued interest is reversed as a reduction of interest and fee income. The Company reversed $20.2 million and $8.9 million of accrued interest as a reduction of interest and fee income for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The following table illustrates the impacts to the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Beginning balance Macroeconomic reserve build (release) General reserve build due to portfolio change Ending balance Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of net finance receivables $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 159,300 3,700 15,800 178,800 10.5% $ $ 150,000 (16,000) 25,300 159,300 11.2% The increase in our allowance for credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2022 was due to the incremental increase in reserves of $15.8 million related to portfolio growth and an increase of $3.7 million based on the macroeconomic model forecast. The increase in our allowance for credit losses during year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to the $25.3 million incremental increase in reserves as a result of portfolio growth, mostly offset by a $16.0 million decrease based on the macroeconomic model forecast. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 78 As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for credit losses included reserves associated with future macroeconomic impacts on credit losses of $20.7 million and $17.0 million, respectively. We may experience changes within our economic forecast, as well as changes to our credit loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses. The following is a reconciliation of the allowance for credit losses by product for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020: @> <: 8 6 +) Dollars in thousands Beginning balance at January 1, 2022 Provision for credit losses Credit losses Recoveries Ending balance at December 31, 2022 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2022 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2022 Dollars in thousands Beginning balance at January 1, 2021 Provision for credit losses Credit losses Recoveries Ending balance at December 31, 2021 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2021 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2021 Dollars in thousands Beginning balance at January 1, 2020 Impact of CECL adoption Provision for credit losses Credit losses Recoveries Ending balance at December 31, 2020 Net finance receivables at December 31, 2020 Allowance as percentage of net finance receivables at December 31, 2020 Small Large Retail $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 61,294 76,513 (82,842) 2,950 57,915 481,605 $ 96,494 106,925 (87,236) 3,409 $ 119,592 $ 1,208,185 12.0% 9.9% Small Large 59,410 40,982 (40,922) 1,824 61,294 445,023 13.8% Small 30,588 24,185 57,271 (55,144) 2,510 59,410 403,062 $ $ $ $ $ $ 88,058 47,775 (41,379) 2,040 96,494 970,694 9.9% Large 29,968 34,149 64,889 (43,030) 2,082 88,058 719,099 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,512 1,677 (1,985) 89 1,293 9,603 $ Total 159,300 185,115 (172,063) 6,448 $ 178,800 $ 1,699,393 13.5% 10.5% Retail 2,532 258 (1,351) 73 1,512 10,540 $ Total 150,000 89,015 (83,652) 3,937 $ 159,300 $ 1,426,257 14.3% 11.2% Retail Total 1,644 1,766 1,650 (2,662) 134 2,532 14,098 $ 62,200 60,100 123,810 (100,836) 4,726 $ 150,000 $ 1,136,259 14.7% 12.2% 18.0% 13.2% The Company classifies a loan as a TDR finance receivable when the Company modifies a loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider. The amount of TDR net finance receivables and the related TDR allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated are as follows: Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 TDR Net Finance Receivables TDR Allowance for Credit Losses TDR Net Finance Receivables TDR Allowance for Credit Losses $ $ 3,884 16,421 46 20,351 $ $ 1,008 4,118 16 5,142 $ $ 3,232 12,930 60 16,222 $ $ 1,204 3,987 20 5,211 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 79 The following table provides the number and amount of net finance receivables modified and classified as TDRs during the periods presented: Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total 2022 Number of Loans 3,651 3,554 15 7,220 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 6,920 $ 20,537 37 27,494 $ Year Ended December 31, 2021 Number of Loans 2,522 2,123 7 4,652 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 4,761 $ 11,303 14 16,078 $ 2020 Number of Loans 4,074 2,705 28 6,807 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 12,677 $ 8,562 105 21,344 $ (1) Represents the post-modification net finance receivables balance of loans that have been modified during the period and resulted in a TDR. The following table provides the number of accounts and balance of finance receivables that subsequently defaulted within the periods indicated (that were modified as a TDR in the preceding 12 months). The Company defines payment default as 90 days past due for this disclosure. The respective amounts and activity for the periods indicated are as follows: Dollars in thousands Small loans Large loans Retail loans Total 2022 Number of Loans 1,365 1,307 6 2,678 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 2,712 $ 7,704 16 10,432 $ Year Ended December 31, 2021 Number of Loans 950 712 5 1,667 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 1,740 $ 3,719 9 5,468 $ 2020 Number of Loans 1,846 1,129 34 3,009 TDR Net Finance Receivables (1) 3,266 $ 5,641 57 8,964 $ (1) Only includes defaults occurring within 12 months of a loan being designated as a TDR. Represents the corresponding balance of TDR net finance receivables at the end of the month in which they defaulted. Note 5. Restricted Available-for-Sale Investments The following table reconciles the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, and estimated fair value of the Company’s restricted available-for-sale investments as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Restricted investments Dollars in thousands Restricted investments Amortized Cost 21,158 Gross Unrealized Gains $ — $ Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value (742) $ 20,416 December 31, 2022 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value — $ — $ — $ — December 31, 2021 $ $ The following table includes the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair values of restricted available-for-sale investments that were in a continuous unrealized loss position, for which no allowance for credit loss has been recorded, as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Restricted investments Less than 12 Months Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses December 31, 2022 12 Months or Longer Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Total Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value $ 20,416 $ (742) $ — $ — $ 20,416 $ (742) Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 80 Less than 12 Months December 31, 2021 12 Months or Longer Total Dollars in thousands Restricted investments Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — The restricted available-for-sale investments consist of U.S. Treasuries which are measured at fair value and include accrued interest receivables of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The investments consist of highly rated securities backed by the U.S. federal government. As a result, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses related to the restricted available-for-sale investments. Changes in fair value are the result of recent increases in interest rates by the Federal Reserve that occurred after the purchase of the investments. The following table includes the amortized cost and estimated fair values of restricted available-for-sale investments by contractual maturity as of the periods indicated: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 @> <: 8 6 +) Dollars in thousands Due in one year Due within one year to five years Due within five years to ten years Due after ten years Total restricted available-for-sale investments Amortized Cost 2,116 $ 19,042 — — 21,158 $ $ $ Estimated Fair Value 2,084 18,332 — — 20,416 $ Amortized Cost $ Estimated Fair Value — — — — — — $ — — — — $ The following table includes the proceeds from sold or matured restricted available-for-sale investments for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Proceeds from sale of restricted available-for-sale investments Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 $ 3,130 $ — The Company had no gross realized gains or losses during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Note 6. Property and Equipment For the periods indicated, property and equipment consisted of the following: Dollars in thousands Furniture, fixtures, and equipment Leasehold improvements Property and equipment cost Less accumulated depreciation Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 27,011 15,272 42,283 27,757 14,526 $ $ 24,348 13,503 37,851 24,913 12,938 Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 totaled $4.1 million, $4.5 million, and $5.0 million, respectively. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 81 Note 7. Leases The Company maintains lease agreements related to its branch network and for its corporate headquarters. The branch lease agreements range from three to seven years and generally contain options to extend from three to five years. The corporate headquarters lease agreement is for eleven years and contains an option to extend for ten years. All of the Company’s lease agreements are considered operating leases. None of the Company’s lease payments are dependent on an index that may change after the commencement date. Future maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities are as follows: Dollars in thousands 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Present value adjustment Operating lease liability December 31, 2022 $ $ 8,525 8,591 6,815 5,195 3,963 10,491 43,580 (6,868) 36,712 The Company’s operating and short-term lease expenses are presented below: Dollars in thousands Operating leases Short-term leases Total lease expense Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 9,457 $ 745 10,202 $ 9,573 $ 648 10,221 $ 8,268 381 8,649 The Company’s weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the periods indicated are as follows: Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) Weighted-average discount rate December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 6.1 5.46% 5.9 4.66% Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 equaled $10.2 million, $10.2 million, and $8.8 million, respectively. In addition to rent, the Company typically pays for all operating expenses, property taxes, and repairs and maintenance on properties that it leases. Note 8. Intangible Assets The following table provides the gross carrying amount and related accumulated amortization of intangible assets: Dollars in thousands Software Goodwill Total intangible assets Gross Carrying Amount December 31, 2022 Accumulated Amortization Net Amount Gross Carrying Amount December 31, 2021 Accumulated Amortization Net Amount $ $ 25,363 950 26,313 $ $ (13,957) $ (234) (14,191) $ 11,406 716 12,122 $ $ 19,829 950 20,779 $ $ (11,028) $ (234) (11,262) $ 8,801 716 9,517 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 82 @> <: 8 6 +) Intangible amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 totaled $2.9 million, $2.4 million, and $2.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s weighted-average amortization period for software was 6.0 years. The following table sets forth the future amortization of software: Dollars in thousands 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Amount 3,475 2,658 1,590 1,138 940 1,605 11,406 $ $ The Company performs an annual impairment test on goodwill during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. There were no goodwill additions or impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Note 9. Other Assets Other assets include the following as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Prepaid expenses Income tax receivable Card payments receivable Credit insurance receivable Interest rate caps Other Total other assets December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 10,429 $ 8,598 5,118 2,748 — 1,315 28,208 $ 8,675 — 2,727 2,906 6,586 863 21,757 Note 10. Interest Rate Caps The Company previously purchased interest rate cap contracts to manage the risk associated with LIBOR-based borrowings. Each contract was collateralizable and contained a strike rate against the one-month LIBOR. When the one-month LIBOR exceeded the strike rate, the counterparty remitted to the Company for the excess over the strike rate. No payment was required by the Company or the counterparty when the one-month LIBOR was below the strike rate. In April 2022, the Company collateralized its interest rate caps. Subsequently, the Company sold its shorter-duration interest rate cap contracts with a fair value of $14.7 million. These sold interest rate caps had an aggregate notional principal amount of $450.0 million and maturity dates ranging from March 2023 through June 2024. In August 2022, the Company sold its remaining interest rate cap contracts with a fair value of $5.0 million, having an aggregate notional principal amount of $100.0 million and maturing in 2026. As of December 31, 2022, the Company no longer maintains interest rate cap protections. The following is a summary of changes in fair value of the interest rate caps (included in other assets) for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Balance at beginning of period Purchases Sales Fair value adjustment included as an (increase) decrease in interest expense Balance at end of period $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ 6,586 — (19,720) 13,134 — $ 265 3,600 — 2,721 6,586 $ $ — 526 — (261) 265 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 83 The following table provides information regarding the offsetting of interest rate caps and cash collateral received or paid as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Interest rate caps Cash collateral received Net asset in the consolidated balance sheet December 31, 2022 — $ — — $ December 31, 2021 6,586 $ — 6,586 $ For additional information on the Company’s interest rate caps, see Note 13, “Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” Note 11. Debt The following is a summary of the Company’s debt as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Senior revolving credit facility RMR II revolving warehouse credit facility (1) RMR IV revolving warehouse credit facility RMR V revolving warehouse credit facility (1) RMIT 2019-1 securitization RMIT 2020-1 securitization RMIT 2021-1 securitization RMIT 2021-2 securitization RMIT 2021-3 securitization RMIT 2022-1 securitization RMIT 2022-2B securitization Total Unused amount of revolving credit facilities December 31, 2022 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Debt $ $ (1,104) $ 146,443 189 — 17,806 (338) 286 — — — 179,596 (618) 247,931 (985) 198,658 (1,534) 124,024 (1,178) 248,533 (1,841) (1,914) 182,381 (9,512) $ 1,345,847 Debt $ 147,547 189 18,144 286 — 180,214 248,916 200,192 125,202 250,374 184,295 $ 1,355,359 (subject to borrowing base) $ 555,117 December 31, 2021 Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Net Debt $ $ (1,345) $ 110,720 51,076 (1,393) 19,540 (531) 58,935 (516) 108,909 (464) 178,772 (1,442) 247,086 (1,830) 198,230 (1,962) 123,675 (1,527) — — — — (11,010) $ 1,096,943 Debt $ 112,065 52,469 20,071 59,451 109,373 180,214 248,916 200,192 125,202 — — $ 1,107,953 $ 556,812 (1) Unamortized debt issuance costs related to the RMR II and RMR V revolving credit facilities as of December 31, 2022 were $0.9 thousand and $0.4 thousand, respectively. These amounts are presented within other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Senior Revolving Credit Facility: In November 2022, the Company amended and restated its senior revolving credit facility to, among other things, decrease the availability under the facility from $500 million to $420 million. The senior revolving credit facility matures in September 2024. Excluding the receivables held by the Company’s VIEs, the senior revolving credit facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s finance receivables and equity interests of the majority of its subsidiaries. Advances on the senior revolving credit facility are capped at 83% of eligible secured finance receivables (57% of eligible secured finance receivables as of December 31, 2022). In September 2022, the Company amended and restated its senior revolving credit facility to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for the calculation of interest with a forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The one-month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by one-month SOFR with a floor of not less than 0.50%, plus a 3.00% margin and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 7.22% at December 31, 2022. The Company pays an unused commitment fee between 0.50% and 1.00% based upon the average outstanding balance. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $49.2 million of immediate available liquidity to draw down cash under the facility and held $3.9 million in unrestricted cash. Variable Interest Entity Debt: As part of its overall funding strategy, the Company has transferred certain finance receivables to affiliated VIEs for asset-backed financing transactions, including securitizations. The following debt arrangements are issued by the Company’s wholly owned, bankruptcy-remote SPEs, which are considered VIEs under GAAP and are consolidated into the financial statements of their primary beneficiary. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 84 These debts are supported by the expected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables. Collections on these finance receivables are remitted to restricted cash collection accounts, which totaled $112.2 million and $107.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash inflows from the finance receivables are distributed to the lenders/investors, the service providers, and/or the residual interest that the Company owns in accordance with a monthly contractual priority of payments. The SPEs pay a servicing fee to the Company, which is eliminated in consolidation. Distributions from the SPEs to the Company are permitted under the debt arrangements. @> <: 8 6 +) At each sale of receivables from the Company’s affiliates to the SPEs, the Company makes certain representations and warranties about the quality and nature of the collateralized receivables. The debt arrangements require the Company to repurchase the receivables in certain circumstances, including circumstances in which the representations and warranties made by the Company concerning the quality and characteristics of the receivables are inaccurate. Assets transferred to each SPE are legally isolated from the Company and its affiliates, as well as the claims of the Company’s and its affiliates’ creditors. Further, the assets of each SPE are owned by such SPE and are not available to satisfy the debts or other obligations of the Company or any of its affiliates. RMR II Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility: In April 2021, the Company and its wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables II, LLC (“RMR II”), amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR II to, among other things, extend the date at which the facility converts to an amortizing loan and the termination date to March 2023 and March 2024, respectively, decrease the total facility from $125 million to $75 million, increase the cap on facility advances from 80% to 83% of eligible finance receivables, and increase the rate at which borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable monthly, at a blended rate equal to three-month LIBOR, with a LIBOR floor of 0.25%, plus a margin of 2.35% (2.15% prior to the April 2021 amendment). The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that the Company purchased from its affiliates, which the Company then sold and transferred to RMR II. In September 2022, the Company and its wholly-owned SPE, RMR II, amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR II to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for calculation of interest rate with a forward- looking term rate based on SOFR or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The three-month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by three-month SOFR with a floor of 0.25%, plus a 2.35% margin and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 7.00% at December 31, 2022. RMR II pays an unused commitment fee between 0.35% and 0.85% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. RMR II had $20.2 million of immediate availability to draw down cash under the facility and held $0.2 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the credit agreement. RMR IV Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility: In April 2021, the Company and its wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC (“RMR IV”), entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $125 million revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR IV. The facility converts to an amortizing loan in April 2023 and terminates in April 2024. The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that the Company purchased from its affiliates, which the Company then sold and transferred to RMR IV. Advances on the facility are capped at 81% of eligible finance receivables. In September 2022, the Company and its wholly-owned SPE, RMR IV, amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR IV to replace LIBOR as the benchmark rate for calculation of interest rate with a forward-looking term rate based on SOFR or, in certain limited circumstances, another alternative benchmark rate. The one-month LIBOR was replaced on October 1, 2022 by one-month SOFR with a margin of 2.35% and a benchmark adjustment. The effective interest rate was 6.57% at December 31, 2022. RMR IV pays an unused commitment fee between 0.35% and 0.70% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. RMR IV held $0.2 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the credit agreement. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 85 RMR V Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility: In September 2022, the Company and its wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC (“RMR V”), amended and restated the credit agreement that provides for a $100 million revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR V to extend the date at which the facility converts to an amortizing loan and the termination date to November 2022 and November 2023, respectively (October 2022 and October 2023, respectively, prior to the September 2022 amendment). Following a subsequent amendment in November 2022, the amortizing loan conversion date and termination date were extended to November 2024 and November 2025, respectively. The debt is secured by finance receivables and other related assets that the Company purchased from its affiliates, which the Company then sold and transferred to RMR V. Advances on the facility are capped at 80% of eligible finance receivables. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable monthly, at a per annum rate, which in the case of a conduit lender is the commercial paper rate, plus a margin of 2.75% (2.20% prior to the November 2022 amendment). The effective interest rate was 7.62% at December 31, 2022. RMR V pays an unused commitment fee between 0.45% and 0.75% based upon the average daily utilization of the facility. RMR V had $28.1 million of immediate availability to draw down cash under the facility and held $0.4 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the credit agreement. RMIT 2020-1 Securitization: In September 2020, the Company, its wholly owned SPE, RMR III, and the Company’s indirect wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2020-1 (“RMIT 2020-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $180 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2020-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2020-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in September 2023, with a final maturity date in October 2030. RMIT 2020-1 held $1.9 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the RMIT 2020-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.85% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in October 2030, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in October 2023. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. RMIT 2021-1 Securitization: In February 2021, the Company, its wholly owned SPE, RMR III, and the Company’s indirect wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-1 (“RMIT 2021-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $249 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in February 2024, with a final maturity date in March 2031. RMIT 2021-1 held $2.6 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.08% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in March 2031, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in March 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. RMIT 2021-2 Securitization: In July 2021, the Company, its wholly owned SPE, RMR III, and the Company’s indirect wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-2 (“RMIT 2021-2”), completed a private offering and sale of $200 million of asset- backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-2. The asset- backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-2. The notes have a revolving period ending in July 2026, with a final maturity date in August 2033. RMIT 2021-2 held $2.1 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-2 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 2.30% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in August 2033, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in August 2026. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 86 @> <: 8 6 +) RMIT 2021-3 Securitization: In October 2021, the Company, its wholly owned SPE, RMR III, and the Company’s indirect wholly owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-3 (“RMIT 2021-3”), completed a private offering and sale of $125 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2021-3. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2021-3. The notes have a revolving period ending in September 2026, with a final maturity date in October 2033. RMIT 2021-3 held $1.5 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the RMIT 2021-3 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 3.88% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in October 2033, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any business day on or after the payment date occurring in October 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. RMIT 2022-1 Securitization: In February 2022, the Company, its wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and the Company’s indirect wholly- owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-1 (“RMIT 2022-1”), completed a private offering and sale of $250 million of asset-backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of four classes of fixed-rate asset-backed notes by RMIT 2022-1. The asset-backed notes are secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company, which RMR III then sold and transferred to RMIT 2022-1. The notes have a revolving period ending in February 2025, with a final maturity date in March 2032. RMIT 2022-1 held $2.6 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the RMIT 2022-1 securitization bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 3.59% as of December 31, 2022. Prior to maturity in March 2032, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any note payment date on or after the payment date occurring in March 2025. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. RMIT 2022-2B Securitization: In October 2022, the Company, its wholly-owned SPE, RMR III, and its indirect wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-2B (“RMIT 2022-2B”), completed a private offering and sale of $200 million of asset- backed notes. The transaction consisted of the issuance of three classes of fixed-rate, asset-backed notes by RMIT 2022-2B. The asset-backed notes were secured by finance receivables and other related assets that RMR III purchased from the Company and have a revolving period ending in October 2024, with a final maturity date in November 2031. RMR III sold two classes of the asset- backed notes and transferred them to RMIT 2022-2B. RMIT 2022-2B held $2.3 million in restricted cash reserves as of December 31, 2022 to satisfy provisions of the transaction documents. Borrowings under the sold notes bear interest, payable monthly, at an effective interest rate of 7.51% as of December 31, 2022. The $16.3 million class of the fixed-rate, asset-backed notes was retained by RMR III on the closing date but may be sold in whole or in part. Prior to maturity in November 2031, the Company may redeem the notes in full, but not in part, at its option on any note payment date on or after the payment date occurring in November 2024. No payments of principal of the notes will be made during the revolving period. See Note 19, “Subsequent Events,” for information regarding the addition of a revolving credit facility following the end of the fiscal year. The Company’s debt arrangements are subject to certain covenants, including monthly and annual reporting, maintenance of specified interest coverage and debt ratios, restrictions on distributions, limitations on other indebtedness, and certain other restrictions. At December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. The following is a summary of estimated future principal payments required on outstanding debt: Dollars in thousands 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Amount 32,174 414,718 382,584 272,113 202,474 48,240 1,352,303 $ $ Note 12. Stockholders’ Equity Stock repurchase program: In October 2020, the Company announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) had authorized a $30.0 million stock repurchase program. In May 2021, the Company completed the stock repurchase program, having repurchased a total of 952 thousand shares of common stock. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 87 In May 2021, the Company announced that the Board had authorized a $30.0 million stock repurchase program. In August 2021, the Company announced that the Board had approved a $20.0 million increase in the amount authorized under the stock repurchase program, from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. In January 2022, the Company completed the stock repurchase program, having repurchased a total of 945 thousand shares of common stock. In February 2022, the Company announced that the Board had authorized a new $20.0 million stock repurchase program. In May 2022, the Company completed the stock repurchase program, having repurchased a total of 426 thousand shares of common stock. The following is a summary of the Company’s repurchased shares of common stock for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Common stock repurchased Weighted-average cost per share Total cost of common stock repurchased 2022 2021 2020 437 47.14 20,613 $ $ 1,450 46.47 67,442 $ $ 435 27.58 12,014 $ $ Year Ended December 31, Quarterly cash dividend: The Board may in its discretion declare and pay cash dividends on the Company’s common stock. The following table presents the dividends declared per share of common stock for the periods indicated: Dividends declared per common share $ 1.20 $ 0.95 $ 0.20 Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 See Note 19, “Subsequent Events,” for information regarding the Company’s cash dividend following the end of the fiscal year. Note 13. Disclosure About Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value: Cash and restricted cash: Cash and restricted cash is recorded at cost, which approximates fair value due to its generally short maturity and highly liquid nature. Restricted available-for-sale investments: The fair value of U.S. Treasury securities are priced using an external pricing service which the Company corroborates using a secondary external vendor. Net finance receivables: The Company determines the fair value of net finance receivables using a discounted cash flows methodology. The application of this methodology requires the Company to make certain estimates and judgments. These estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, prepayment rates, default rates, loss severity, and risk-adjusted discount rates. Interest rate caps: As of September 30, 2022, the Company no longer maintains interest rate cap protections. Prior to the sale of the Company’s interest rate caps, the fair value of the interest rate caps was estimated using a pricing model that incorporates market observable inputs such as current interest rates, forward yield curves, and implied volatility. The Company also considers collateral and master netting agreements that mitigate credit exposure to counterparties in determining the counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment. For additional information on the Company’s interest rate caps, see Note 10, “Interest Rate Caps.” Debt: The Company estimates the fair value of debt based on an index of similar financial instruments (credit facilities) and projected cash flows from the underlying collateralized finance receivables (securitizations), each discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate. Certain of the Company’s assets estimated fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1 – Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 88 In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities that are estimated at fair value. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. The following table includes the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities disclosed but not carried at fair value: @> <: 8 6 +) Dollars in thousands Assets Level 1 Cash Restricted cash Level 3 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value $ 3,873 127,926 $ 3,873 127,926 $ 10,507 138,682 $ 10,507 138,682 Net finance receivables, less unearned insurance premiums and allowance for credit losses 1,469,585 1,554,794 1,219,120 1,323,988 Liabilities Level 3 Debt 1,355,359 1,219,832 1,107,953 1,098,625 The following table includes the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of amounts the Company measures at fair value on a recurring basis: Dollars in thousands Assets Level 2 December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Carrying Amount Estimated Fair Value Restricted available-for-sale investments Interest rate caps 20,416 — 20,416 — — 6,586 — 6,586 As of the periods indicated above, there were no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 89 Note 14. Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company files consolidated or separate state income tax returns as required by individual states in which it operates. The Company is generally no longer subject to federal, state, or local income tax examinations by taxing authorities before 2019, though the Company remains subject to examination for the Texas tax return for the 2018 tax year. Income tax expense attributable to total income before income taxes consists of the following for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Current: Federal State and local Deferred: Federal State and local Total Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 7,383 1,948 9,331 5,247 (481) 4,766 14,097 $ $ 24,735 3,350 28,085 (4,169) (130) (4,299) 23,786 $ $ 5,874 2,648 8,522 585 91 676 9,198 Income tax expense differed from the amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate to total income before income taxes as a result of the following: Dollars in thousands Federal tax expense at statutory rate Increase (reduction) in income taxes resulting from: State tax, net of federal benefit Non-deductible compensation Excess tax benefits from share-based awards Research and development Other Total tax expense 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 $ $ 13,717 % $ % 21.0% $ 23,619 21.0% $ $ 7,545 % 21.0% 1,134 627 (344) (1,222) 185 $ 14,097 1.7% 1.0% (0.5)% (1.9)% 0.3% 2,620 672 (2,711) — (414) 21.6% $ 23,786 2.3% 0.6% (2.4)% — (0.4)% 21.1% $ 1,086 837 (93) — (177) 9,198 3.0% 2.3% (0.3)% — (0.4)% 25.6% Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 90 @> <: 8 6 +) Net deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following as of the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Deferred tax assets: Allowance for credit losses Lease liability Unearned insurance commissions Share-based compensation Accrued expenses Research and experimental expenditures State net operating loss carryforward Unearned premium reserves CARES Act payroll tax deferral Other Gross deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Fair market value adjustment of net finance receivables Lease assets Depreciation and software amortization Deferred loan costs Prepaid expenses Other Gross deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax asset December 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 41,877 $ 8,782 8,345 2,512 2,081 2,060 1,478 653 — 222 68,010 37,415 8,268 4,076 3,282 1,159 — 54,200 13,810 $ 37,179 7,223 7,930 1,942 3,949 — 310 517 349 154 59,553 26,995 6,763 3,779 2,581 899 116 41,133 18,420 The Company had a state net operating loss carryforward of approximately $46.4 million as of December 31, 2022. These carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income. If not used, the carryforward will expire beginning in 2032. Companies are not permitted to recognize the tax benefit attributable to a tax position unless such position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based solely on the technical merits of the position. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $0.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax line of the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During the year ended 2022, the Company recognized approximately $19 thousand of interest and penalties. The following schedule reconciles unrecognized tax positions for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Balance at January 1 Additions based on tax positions related to the current year Additions for tax positions of prior years Reductions for tax positions of prior years Settlements Balance at December 31 Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ — $ — $ 815 233 181 — — 414 $ $ — — — — — $ — — (815) — — Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 91 Note 15. Earnings Per Share The following schedule reconciles the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Numerator: Net income Denominator: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ 51,224 $ 88,687 $ 26,730 Weighted-average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share Effect of dilutive securities Weighted-average shares adjusted for dilutive securities 9,296 360 9,656 10,034 609 10,643 10,930 215 11,145 Earnings per share: Basic Diluted $ $ 5.51 5.30 $ $ 8.84 8.33 $ $ 2.45 2.40 During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, 0.3 million, 11 thousand, and 0.3 million shares of common stock were outstanding, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive. These anti-dilutive awards include Non-Qualified Stock Options, Restricted Stock Awards, and Performance Restricted Stock Units. Note 16. Share-Based Compensation The Company previously adopted the 2007 Management Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) and the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). On April 22, 2015, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”), and on each of April 27, 2017 and May 20, 2021, the stockholders of the Company re-approved the 2015 Plan, as amended and restated on each respective date. As of December 31, 2022, subject to adjustments as provided in the 2015 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that could be issued under the 2015 Plan could not exceed the sum of (i) 2.6 million shares (such amount reflecting an increase of 1.05 million additional or “new” shares in connection with the May 20, 2021 re-approval of the 2015 Plan) plus (ii) any shares remaining available for the grant of awards as of the 2015 Plan effective date (April 22, 2015) under the 2007 Plan or the 2011 Plan, plus (iii) any shares subject to an award granted under the 2007 Plan or the 2011 Plan, which award is forfeited, cash-settled, cancelled, terminated, expires, or lapses for any reason without the issuance of shares or pursuant to which such shares are forfeited. As of the effective date of the 2015 Plan (April 22, 2015), there were 0.9 million shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan, inclusive of shares previously available for grant under the 2007 Plan and the 2011 Plan that were rolled over to the 2015 Plan. No further grants will be made under the 2007 Plan or the 2011 Plan. However, awards that are outstanding under the 2007 Plan and the 2011 Plan will continue in accordance with their respective terms. As of December 31, 2022, there were 0.8 million shares available for grant under the 2015 Plan. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $10.8 million, $7.4 million, and $5.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, unrecognized share-based compensation expense to be recognized over future periods approximated $11.1 million. This amount will be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. Share-based compensation expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the agreement. All share-based compensation is classified as equity awards. The Company allows for the settlement of share-based awards on a net share basis. With net share settlement, the participant does not surrender any cash or shares upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of stock awards or stock units. Rather, the Company withholds the number of shares with a value equivalent to the option exercise price (for stock options) and the statutory tax withholding (for all share-based awards). Net share settlements have the effect of reducing the number of shares that would have otherwise been issued as a result of exercise or vesting. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 92 Long-term incentive program: The Company issues performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to certain members of senior management under a long-term incentive program (“LTIP”). Recurring annual grants are made at the discretion of the Board. The annual grants are subject to cliff- and graded-vesting, generally concluding at the end of the third calendar year and subject to continued employment or as otherwise provided in the underlying award agreements. Vested PRSUs are subject to an additional one-year holding period following the vesting date. The actual value of the PRSUs that may be earned can range from 0% to 150% of target based on positive or negative cumulative total shareholder return concluding at the end of the third calendar year. @> <: 8 6 +) Prior to 2022, the Company issued non-qualified stock options, performance-contingent restricted stock units (“RSUs”), cash-settled performance units (“CSPUs”), and RSAs to certain members of senior management under the LTIP. The CSPUs are cash incentive awards, and the associated expense is not based on the market price of the Company’s common stock. The annual grants are subject to cliff- and graded-vesting, generally concluding at the end of the third calendar year and subject to continued employment or as otherwise provided in the underlying award agreements. The actual value of the RSUs and CPSUs that may be earned can range from 0% to 150% of target based on the percentile ranking of the Company’s compound annual growth rate of pre-provision net income and pre-provision net income per share compared to a public company peer group over a three-year performance period. Key team member incentive program: The Company also has a key team member incentive program for certain other members of senior management. Recurring annual participation in the program is at the discretion of the Board and executive management. Each participant in the program is eligible to earn an RSA, subject to performance over a one-year period. Payout under the program can range from 0% to 150% of target based on the achievement of five Company performance metrics and individual performance goals (subject to continued employment and certain other terms and conditions of the program). If earned, the RSA is issued following the one-year performance period and vests ratably over a subsequent two-year period (subject to continued employment or as otherwise provided in the underlying award agreement). Inducement and retention program: From time to time, the Company issues stock awards and other long-term incentive awards in conjunction with employment offers to select new employees and retention grants to select existing employees. The Company issues these awards to attract and retain talent and to provide market competitive compensation. The grants have various vesting terms, including fully-vested awards at the grant date, cliff-vesting, and graded-vesting over periods of up to five years (subject to continued employment or as otherwise provided in the underlying award agreements). Non-employee director compensation program: The Company awards its non-employee directors a cash retainer and shares of restricted common stock. The RSAs are granted on the fifth business day following the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders and fully vest upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the completion of the directors’ annual service to the Company (so long as the period between the date of the annual stockholders’ meeting related to the grant date and the date of the next annual stockholders’ meeting is not less than 50 weeks). The following are the terms and amounts of the awards issued under the Company’s share-based incentive programs: Non-qualified stock options: The exercise price of all stock options is equal to the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant. Stock options are subject to various vesting terms, including graded- and cliff-vesting over periods of up to five years. In addition, stock options vest and become exercisable in full or in part under certain circumstances, including following the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the option award agreements). Participants who are awarded options must exercise their options within a maximum of ten years of the grant date. The fair value of option grants is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for option grants during the periods indicated below: Expected volatility Expected dividends Expected term (in years) Risk-free rate Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2022 — — — — 47.83% 2.63% 6.0 0.64% 45.36% 0.34% 6.0 0.68% (1) Beginning in 2022, the Company no longer issues non-qualified stock options as part of its annual long-term incentive program. Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock price volatility. Expected dividends are calculated using the expected dividend yield (annualized dividends divided by the grant date stock price). The expected term is calculated by using the simplified Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 93 method (average of the vesting and original contractual terms) due to insufficient historical data to estimate the expected term. The risk-free rate is based on the zero coupon U.S. Treasury bond rate over the expected term of the awards. The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2022: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Options outstanding at January 1, 2022 Granted Exercised Forfeited Expired Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 Options exercisable at December 31, 2022 Number of Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value 589 — (61) — (1) 527 475 $ $ $ 22.50 — 17.60 — 17.08 23.07 22.32 5.9 5.6 $ $ 2,989 2,973 The following table provides additional stock option information for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Intrinsic value of options exercised Fair value of stock options that vested Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ $ $ — $ $ $ 2,142 849 10.52 11,711 1,063 $ $ $ 7.80 2,896 994 Performance restricted stock units: Compensation expense for PRSUs is based on the fair value of the award estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The following are the weighted-average assumptions for the PRSU grants during the periods indicated below: Expected volatility Expected dividends Risk-free rate Discount for post-vesting restrictions 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 39.24% — 1.05% 11.93% — — — — The following table summarizes PRSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2022: Dollars and units in thousands, except per unit amounts Non-vested units at January 1, 2022 Granted Achieved performance adjustment Vested Forfeited Non-vested units at December 31, 2022 Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit — 70 — — — 70 $ $ — — — — — 52.07 — — — 52.07 The following table provides additional PRSU information for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts Weighted-average grant date fair value per unit Fair value of PRSUs that vested $ $ 2022 2021 2020 52.07 $ — $ — $ — $ — — Year Ended December 31, Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 94 Performance-contingent restricted stock units: Compensation expense for RSUs is based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant and the probability that certain financial goals will be achieved over the performance period. Compensation expense is estimated based on expected performance and is adjusted at each reporting period. The following table summarizes RSU activity during the year ended December 31, 2022: @> <: 8 6 +) Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts Non-vested units at January 1, 2022 Granted (target) Achieved performance adjustment (1) Vested Forfeited Non-vested units at December 31, 2022 Units Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit 129 — (2) (19) — 108 $ $ 22.84 — 27.89 27.89 — 21.87 (1) The 2019 LTIP RSUs were earned and vested at 95.6% of target, as described in greater detail in the Company’s definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on April 13, 2022. The following table provides additional RSU information for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts Weighted-average grant date fair value per unit Fair value of RSUs that vested Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ $ — $ 513 $ 30.22 $ 1,199 $ 15.86 1,314 Restricted stock awards: The fair value and compensation expense of the primary portion of the Company’s RSAs are calculated using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant. These RSAs include director awards, inducement awards, and RSAs granted pursuant to the Company’s long-term incentive program. The fair value and compensation expense of RSAs granted pursuant to the Company’s performance-based key team member incentive program are calculated using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant and the probability that certain financial goals will be achieved over the performance period. Compensation expense is estimated based on expected performance and is adjusted at each reporting period. The following table summarizes RSA activity during the year ended December 31, 2022: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Non-vested shares at January 1, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited Non-vested shares at December 31, 2022 Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share 219 210 (226) (5) 198 $ $ 30.32 40.76 32.30 34.69 38.99 The following table provides additional RSA information for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Fair value of RSAs that vested Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 40.76 $ 7,274 $ 35.18 $ 4,874 $ 19.06 3,760 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 95 Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company has been named as a defendant in legal actions in connection with its activities. Some of the actual or threatened legal actions include claims for compensatory damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. The Company contests liability and the amount of damages, as appropriate, in each pending matter. Where available information indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of that loss, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to net income. However, in many legal actions, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable, or even reasonably possible, or to estimate the amount of loss. This is particularly true for actions that are in their early stages of development or where plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages. In addition, even where a loss is reasonably possible or an exposure to loss exists in excess of the liability already accrued, it is not always possible to reasonably estimate the size of the possible loss or range of loss. Before a loss, additional loss, range of loss, or range of additional loss can be reasonably estimated for any given action, numerous issues may need to be resolved, including through lengthy discovery, following determination of important factual matters, and/or by addressing novel or unsettled legal questions. For certain other legal actions, the Company can estimate reasonably possible losses, additional losses, ranges of loss, or ranges of additional loss in excess of amounts accrued, but the Company does not believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that such losses will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statements. While the Company will continue to identify legal actions where it believes a material loss to be reasonably possible and reasonably estimable, there can be no assurance that material losses will not be incurred from claims that the Company has not yet been notified of or are not yet determined to be probable, or reasonably possible and reasonable to estimate. The Company expenses legal costs as they are incurred. Note 18. Insurance Products and Reinsurance of Certain Risks RMC Reinsurance, Ltd. is a wholly-owned insurance subsidiary of the Company. The Company sells optional insurance products to its customers in connection with its lending operations. These optional products include credit life, credit accident and health, credit property, vehicle single interest, and credit involuntary unemployment insurance. The type and terms of our optional insurance products vary from state to state based on applicable laws and regulations. Insurance premiums are remitted to an unaffiliated company that issues the policy to the customer. This unaffiliated company cedes the premiums to RMC Reinsurance, Ltd. Life insurance premiums are ceded to the Company as written and non-life products are ceded as earned. Unearned insurance premiums represent insurance premiums, net of premiums held by the unaffiliated insurance underwriter, that will be earned over the terms of the policies. The Company maintains a restricted reserve comprised of restricted cash and restricted available-for-sale investments for life insurance claims in an amount determined by the ceding company. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the restricted reserves consisted of $21.2 million and $18.5 million of unearned premium reserves, respectively, including $1.1 million and $1.3 million of unpaid claim reserves, respectively. For non-life products, the Company had no unpaid claim reserves at both December 31, 2022 and 2021, as claim reserves are paid by the Company to the unaffiliated insurance underwriter as they are incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2022, non-life unpaid claim reserves, included in insurance income, net as presented in the table below, increased $0.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, non-life unpaid claim reserves decreased $0.4 million, and increased $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Insurance income, net consists primarily of earned premiums, net of certain direct costs, from the sale of various optional payment and collateral protection insurance products offered to customers who obtain loans directly from the Company. Earned premiums are accounted for over the period of the underlying reinsured policies using assumptions consistent with the policy terms. Direct costs included in insurance income, net are claims paid, changes in claims reserves, ceding fees, and premium taxes paid. The Company does not allocate to insurance income, net, any other head office or branch administrative costs associated with managing its insurance operations, managing its captive insurance company, marketing and selling insurance products, legal and compliance review, or internal audits. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 96 The following table summarizes the components of insurance income, net for the periods indicated: Dollars in thousands Earned premiums Claims, reserves, and certain direct expenses Insurance income, net Insurance Premiums and Direct Expenses 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 60,190 $ (16,688) 43,502 $ 53,218 $ (17,736) 35,482 $ 42,816 (14,467) 28,349 @> <: 8 6 +) Apart from the various optional payment and collateral protection insurance products that the Company offers to customers, on certain loans, the Company also collects a fee from customers and, in turn, purchases non-file insurance from an unaffiliated insurance company for its benefit in lieu of recording and perfecting its security interest in personal property collateral. Non-file insurance protects the Company from credit losses where, following an event of default, it is unable to take possession of personal property collateral because its security interest is not perfected (for example, in certain instances where a customer files for bankruptcy). In such circumstances, non-file insurance generally will pay to the Company an amount equal to the lesser of the loan balance or the collateral value. Note 19. Subsequent Events RMR VI Revolving Warehouse Credit Facility: In February 2023, the Company and its wholly-owned SPE, Regional Management Receivables VI, LLC (“RMR VI”), entered into a credit agreement that provides for a $75 million revolving warehouse credit facility to RMR VI. The facility converts to an amortizing loan in February 2025 and terminates in February 2026. The debt will be secured by finance receivables and other related assets that the Company will purchase from its affiliates, which the Company will sell and transfer to RMR VI. Advances on the facility are capped at 80% of eligible finance receivables. Borrowings under the facility bear interest, payable monthly, at a rate equal to one-month SOFR, plus (i) 0.10% per annum, (ii) a margin of 2.50%, and (iii) the applicable step-up margin (0.00% during the revolving period). RMR VI pays a monthly unused commitment fee of 0.50%. The RMR VI revolving warehouse credit facility is described in greater detail in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on February 8, 2023, as amended by the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023. Quarterly Cash Dividend: In February 2023, the Company announced that the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share. The dividend will be paid on March 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 22, 2023. The declaration, amount, and payment of any future cash dividends on shares of the Company’s common stock will be at the discretion of the Board. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 97 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. Not applicable. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost–benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for the preparation, integrity, accuracy, and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The financial statements were prepared in conformity with GAAP and include amounts based on judgments and estimates by management. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting is supported by internal audits, appropriate reviews by management, policies and guidelines, careful selection and training of qualified personnel, and codes of ethics adopted by our Company’s Board that are applicable to all directors, officers, and employees of our Company. Because of its inherent limitations, no matter how well designed, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Internal controls can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, the evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was made as of a specific date, and continued effectiveness in future periods is subject to the risks that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may decline. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as of December 31, 2022. In conducting this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management believes that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. Our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, Deloitte & Touche, LLP, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION. Not applicable. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 98 ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS. Not applicable. @> <: 8 6 +) Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 99 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information presented under the headings “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters—Committees of the Board,” “Executive Officers,” “Stockholder Proposals— Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors,” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” (to the extent reported therein) in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Our Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”). The Code of Ethics applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees and is posted on the Company’s Investor Relations website under the “Governance” tab at www.regionalmanagement.com. A stockholder may request a copy of the Code of Ethics by contacting our Corporate Secretary at 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, SC 29651. To the extent permissible under applicable law, the rules of the SEC, and NYSE listing standards, we intend to disclose on our website any amendment to our Code of Ethics, or any grant of a waiver from a provision of our Code of Ethics, that requires disclosure under applicable law, the rules of the SEC, or NYSE listing standards. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION. The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information presented under the headings “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters—Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Executive Compensation Tables,” “Summary of Employment Arrangements with Executive Officers,” and “Summary of Company Incentive Plans” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS. The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information presented under the headings “Other Information—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Executive Compensation Tables— Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE. The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information presented under the headings “Other Information—Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters—Board Independence,” and “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters—Current Directors and Director Nominees” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES. The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information presented under the heading “Stockholder Proposals—Proposal No. 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 100 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. (a) The following documents are filed as part of this report: (1) Financial Statements: PART IV @> <: 8 6 +) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020 (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedules: None. Financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. (3) Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the following index are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Exhibit Number Exhibit Description 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Regional Management Corp. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Regional Management Corp. Indenture, dated September 23, 2020, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2020-1, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as indenture trustee, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as account bank Indenture, dated February 18, 2021, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-1, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as indenture trustee, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as account bank Indenture, dated July 22, 2021, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-2, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as indenture trustee, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as account bank Indenture, dated October 8, 2021, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-3, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as indenture trustee, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as account bank Indenture, dated February 22, 2022, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-1, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, and Computershare Trust Company National Association, as indenture trustee Indenture, dated October 20, 2022, by and among Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-2B, as issuer, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, and Computershare Trust Filed Herewith Form Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date 8-K 001-35477 3.1 04/02/2012 8-K 8-K 001-35477 001-35477 3.2 4.1 04/02/2012 09/29/2020 8-K 001-35477 4.1 02/23/2021 8-K 001-35477 4.1 07/22/2021 8-K 001-35477 4.1 10/12/2021 8-K 001-35477 4.1 02/22/2022 8-K 001-35477 4.1 10/20/2022 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 101 Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Company, N.A., as indenture trustee and securities intermediary 4.7 Description of Securities 10.1.1 10.1.2 10.2.1 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 10.2.5 10.2.6 10.2.7 Cooperation Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2018, by and between Basswood Capital Management, L.L.C. and the Company Letter Agreement, dated November 28, 2022, by and between Regional Management Corp. and Basswood Capital Management, L.L.C. Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated September 20, 2019, by and among Regional Management Corp. and certain of its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Agent First Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2020, by and among Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Second Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2021, by and among Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Third Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 23, 2021, by and among Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Fourth Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2021, by and among Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Fifth Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2022, among Regional Management Corp. as a borrower and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Sixth Amendment to Seventh Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp. and its subsidiaries named as borrowers therein, the financial institutions named as lenders therein, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent Filed Herewith Form Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date 10-K 001-35477 4.4 03/16/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.1 01/29/2018 8-K 001-35477 10.3 11/29/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.1 09/20/2019 8-K 001-35477 10.1 10/16/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.1 02/10/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.1 08/24/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.1 12/21/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.1 09/12/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.1 11/29/2022 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 102 Exhibit Number 10.3.1 Exhibit Description Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2019, by and among Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, the agents from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as account bank, image file custodian, and backup servicer, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as structuring and syndication agent Filed Herewith Form Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date 8-K 001-35477 10.1 10/22/2019 @> <: 8 6 +) 10.3.2 Omnibus Amendment, dated as of August 18, 2020, by and 10-Q 001-35477 10.2 11/05/2020 among Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Finance Corporation of Alabama, Regional Finance Company of Georgia, LLC, Regional Finance Company of New Mexico, LLC, Regional Finance Company of Oklahoma, LLC, Regional Finance Corporation of South Carolina, Regional Finance Corporation of Tennessee, Regional Finance Corporation of Texas, Regional Finance Company of Virginia, LLC, Regional Finance Corporation of Wisconsin, Regional Finance Corporation of North Carolina, Regional Finance Company of Missouri, LLC, Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, as acknowledged and agreed to by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Class A committed lender, Class B committed lender, Class A lender agent, and Class B lender agent, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Class A committed lender and Class B committed lender, GIFS Capital Company, LLC, as Class A conduit lender and Class B conduit lender, Alpine Securitization Ltd., as Class A conduit lender and Class B conduit lender, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as Class A lender agent and Class B lender agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, not in its individual capacity but solely as account bank, image file custodian, and backup servicer Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 14, 2021 by and among Regional Management Corp., Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the lenders and agents from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as account bank and backup servicer, and Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administration agent, structuring and syndication agent First Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2021, by and between Regional Management Corp., as servicer and Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, as acknowledged and agreed to by the lenders party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administration agent, structuring agent and syndication agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, acting through its Corporate Trust Services division, as account bank and backup servicer 10.3.3 10.3.4 8-K 001-35477 10.1 04/20/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.2 12/21/2021 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 103 Exhibit Number 10.3.5 10.3.6 10.4.1 10.4.2 10.4.3 10.4.4 10.5.1 Exhibit Description Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, the lenders and agents from time to time party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administrative agent and as structuring and syndication agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, acting through its corporate trust services division, as account bank and backup servicer Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables II, LLC, as borrower, the lenders from time to time party thereto, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as administrative agent and as structuring and syndication agent, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, acting through its corporate trust services division, as account bank and backup servicer Credit Agreement, dated April 19, 2021 by and among Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC, as borrower, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the lenders and agents from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as account bank and backup servicer and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as administration agent Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2021, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC, as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent and committed lender and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC, as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent and committed lender, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent X Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables IV, LLC, as borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as agent and committed lender, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent Credit Agreement, dated April 28, 2021 by and among Regional Management Receivables V, LLC, as borrower, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as account bank and backup servicer and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administration agent Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date Filed Herewith Form X 8-K 001-35477 10.2 09/12/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.2 04/20/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.3 12/21/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.3 09/12/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.1 04/29/2021 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 104 Exhibit Number 10.5.2 10.5.3 10.5.4 10.5.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Exhibit Description Amendment No.1 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2021, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC, as borrower, the lenders from time to time parties thereto, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, acting as its corporate trust services division, including its successors and permitted assigns, as account bank and backup servicer, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Wells Fargo, National Association, acting as its corporate trust services division, as account bank and backup servicer Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Wells Fargo, National Association, acting as its corporate trust services division, as account bank and backup servicer Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2022, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables V, LLC, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and Wells Fargo, National Association, acting as its corporate trust services division, as account bank and backup servicer Credit Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2023, by and among Regional Management Corp., as servicer, Regional Management Receivables VI, LLC, as borrower, the lenders and agents parties thereto, Regions Bank, as administrative agent, and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as securities intermediary and backup servicer Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated September 23, 2020, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2020-1, as issuer, and Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, acting thereunder solely with respect to the 2020-1A SUBI Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated February 18, 2021, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-1, as issuer, and Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, acting thereunder solely with respect to the 2021-1A SUBI Filed Herewith Form Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date 8-K 001-35477 10.4 12/21/2021 @> <: 8 6 +) X X 8-K 001-35477 10.2 11/29/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.1 02/08/2023 8-K 001-35477 10.1 09/29/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.1 02/23/2021 10.9 Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated July 22, 2021, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional 8-K 001-35477 10.1 07/22/2021 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 105 Exhibit Number 10.10 10.11 10.12 Exhibit Description Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-2, as issuer, and Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, acting thereunder solely with respect to the 2021-2A SUBI Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated October 8, 2021, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, and Regional Management Issuance Trust 2021-3, as issuer Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated February 22, 2022, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-1, as issuer, and Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, acting thereunder solely with respect to the 2022-1A SUBI Sale and Servicing Agreement, dated October 20, 2022, by and among Regional Management Receivables III, LLC, as depositor, Regional Management Corp., as servicer, the subservicers party thereto, Regional Management Issuance Trust 2022-2B, as issuer, and Regional Management North Carolina Receivables Trust, acting thereunder solely with respect to the 2022-2B SUBI Filed Herewith Form Incorporated by Reference File Number Exhibit Filing Date 8-K 001-35477 10.1 10/12/2021 8-K 001-35477 10.1 02/22/2022 8-K 001-35477 10.1 10/20/2022 10.13.1† Regional Management Corp. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and Forms S-1/A 333-174245 10.5 08/04/2011 of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (forms for grants prior to October 1, 2014) 10.13.2† Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2011 8-K 001-35477 10.1 10/07/2014 Stock Incentive Plan (form for grants on or after October 1, 2014) 10.14.1† Regional Management Corp. 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (As 8-K 001-35477 10.1 05/21/2021 Amended and Restated Effective May 20, 2021) 10.14.2† Declaration of Amendment to Regional Management Corp. 2015 10-Q 001-35477 10.1 05/06/2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (As Amended and Restated Effective May 20, 2021) 10.14.3† Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2015 8-K 001-35477 10.3 04/28/2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (form for grants prior to April 27, 2017) 10.14.4† Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (form for grants on or after April 27, 2017) 10.14.5† Form of Performance-Contingent Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan 8-K 001-35477 10.2 05/02/2017 8-K 001-35477 10.3 05/02/2017 10.14.6† Form of Cash-Settled Performance Unit Award Agreement under 8-K 001-35477 10.4 05/02/2017 the 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan 10.14.7† Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2015 Long- 8-K 001-35477 10.5 05/02/2017 Term Incentive Plan 10.14.8† Form of Stock Award Agreement under the 2015 Long-Term 8-K 001-35477 10.6 05/02/2017 Incentive Plan 10.14.9† Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement 8-K 001-35477 10.1 02/18/2022 Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 106 Exhibit Number 10.15† Exhibit Description Regional Management Corp. Annual Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective March 23, 2015) Filed Herewith Form 8-K Incorporated by Reference File Number 001-35477 Exhibit 10.2 Filing Date 04/28/2015 10.16† Form of Key Team Member Incentive Program Agreement 8-K 001-35477 10.2 09/29/2020 10.17† Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program 10-K 001-35477 10.16 03/04/2022 @> <: 8 6 +) 8-K 001-35477 10.1 03/30/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.1 09/30/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.1 07/08/2020 10-Q 001-35477 10.2 05/08/2020 8-K 001-35477 10.2 09/30/2020 10-Q 001-35477 10.7 11/05/2020 8-K 8-K 001-35477 10.1 03/13/2015 001-35477 16.1 11/02/2021 10.18† Employment Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2020, between Robert W. Beck and Regional Management Corp. 10.19† Employment Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2020, between Harpreet Rana and Regional Management Corp. 10.20† Employment Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2020, between John D. Schachtel and Regional Management Corp. 10.21† Employment Agreement, dated as of January 6, 2020, between Manish Parmar and Regional Management Corp. 10.22† Employment Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2020, between Brian J. Fisher and Regional Management Corp. 10.23† Employment Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2020, between Catherine R. Atwood and Regional Management Corp. 10.24† Form of Retention Award Agreement 16.1 Letter from RSM US LLP, dated November 2, 2021 21.1 Subsidiaries of Regional Management Corp. 23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche, LLP 23.2 Consent of RSM US LLP 31.1 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) / 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer Rule 13a-14(a) / 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer 32.1 Section 1350 Certifications 101.INS XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File—the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101 X X X X X X † Indicates a management contract or a compensatory plan, contract, or arrangement. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 107 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY. None. Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 108 @> <: 8 6 +) Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES Date: February 24, 2023 Regional Management Corp. /s/ Robert W. Beck Robert W. Beck President and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Robert W. Beck and Harpreet Rana, and each of them, jointly and severally, as true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution for him/her and in his/her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he/she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all which said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their or his/her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 24, 2023. /s/ Robert W. Beck /s/ Harpreet Rana /s/ Steven B. Barnette /s/ Carlos Palomares /s/ Philip V. Bancroft /s/ Jonathan D. Brown /s/ Roel C. Campos /s/ Maria Contreras-Sweet /s/ Michael R. Dunn /s/ Steven J. Freiberg /s/ Sandra K. Johnson, Ph.D. Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Name: Title: Robert W. Beck President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (principal executive officer) Harpreet Rana Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) Steven B. Barnette Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer) Carlos Palomares Chair of the Board of Directors Philip V. Bancroft Director Jonathan D. Brown Director Roel C. Campos Director Maria Contreras-Sweet Director Michael R. Dunn Director Steven J. Freiberg Director Sandra K. Johnson, Ph.D. Director Regional Management Corp. | 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K | 109 Notice of 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement Regional Management Corp. 979 Batesville Road, Suite B Greer, South Carolina 29651 (864) 448-7000 NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS To Be Held on May 18, 2023 To the Stockholders of Regional Management Corp.: We hereby give notice that the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Regional Management Corp. will be held exclusively online via the internet on May 18, 2023, at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The purposes of the meeting are as follows: (1) (2) (3) (4) To elect the nine nominees named in the accompanying Proxy Statement to serve as members of our Board of Directors until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified; To ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023; To hold an advisory vote to approve executive compensation; and To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments thereof. We began mailing this Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and our Proxy Statement to stockholders on or about April 12, 2023. Only stockholders whose names appear of record on our books at the close of business on April 3, 2023 will be entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting or at any adjournments thereof. We have once again determined that the Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual meeting format only, via the internet, with no physical in-person meeting. If you plan to participate in the virtual meeting, please see “General Information and Frequently Asked Questions” in this Proxy Statement. Stockholders will be able to attend, vote, and submit questions (both before, and during a designated portion of, the meeting) from any location via the internet. The Annual Meeting will be presented exclusively online at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting online, vote your shares electronically, and submit your questions to management during the Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. To participate in the Annual Meeting (e.g., submit questions and/or vote), you will need the control number provided on your proxy card or voting instruction form. If you are not a stockholder or do not have a control number, you may still access the Annual Meeting as a guest, but you will not be able to participate. Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, you are urged to cast your vote promptly in order to assure representation of your shares at the meeting and so that a quorum may be established. In advance of the Annual Meeting, you may vote by internet or by mail. If you attend the virtual Annual Meeting, you may revoke your proxy and vote your shares electronically during the meeting. To vote by internet prior to the meeting, please visit www.proxyvote.com. Have the enclosed proxy card in hand when you access the website, and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. To vote by mail, please complete, date, and sign the enclosed proxy card, and mail it in the enclosed envelope. No postage need be affixed if the proxy card is mailed in the United States. Regional Management Corp. | Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders On behalf of our Board of Directors and our management team, we thank you for your interest in Regional and for your participation in the Annual Meeting. By Order of the Board of Directors Catherine R. Atwood SVP, General Counsel, and Secretary Greer, South Carolina April 12, 2023 IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 18, 2023: The Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Proxy Statement, and Annual Report on Form 10-K are available free of charge at https://materials.proxyvote.com/75902K and on our Investor Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. Regional Management Corp. | Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders PROXY STATEMENT 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders TABLE OF CONTENTS 2023 Proxy Statement Summary.............................................................................................................................................. General Information and Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................................................................... Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters ......................................................................................................... Director Qualifications........................................................................................................................................................ Board Diversity ................................................................................................................................................................... Current Directors and Director Nominees.......................................................................................................................... Matrix of Director Skills, Experience, and Demographic Background ................................................................................ Board Independence .......................................................................................................................................................... Leadership Structure .......................................................................................................................................................... Meetings............................................................................................................................................................................. Committees of the Board ................................................................................................................................................... Role in Risk Oversight ......................................................................................................................................................... Code of Business Conduct and Ethics................................................................................................................................. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation ........................................................................................ Communications with the Board........................................................................................................................................ Director Compensation ...................................................................................................................................................... Executive Officers ..................................................................................................................................................................... Compensation Discussion and Analysis ................................................................................................................................... Executive Summary of Compensation Programs ............................................................................................................... Compensation Objectives and Approaches........................................................................................................................ Elements of Compensation ................................................................................................................................................ Other Compensation Policies, Practices, and Matters ....................................................................................................... Compensation Committee Report............................................................................................................................................ Executive Compensation Tables............................................................................................................................................... Summary Compensation Table .......................................................................................................................................... Grants of Plan-Based Awards ............................................................................................................................................. Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End................................................................................................................... Option Exercises and Stock Vested .................................................................................................................................... Equity Compensation Plan Information ............................................................................................................................. CEO Pay Ratio ..................................................................................................................................................................... Pay Versus Performance............................................................................................................................. Summary of Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers ............................................................................. Former Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers.................................................................................... Executive Severance and Change in Control Plan .............................................................................................................. Other Arrangements with Named Executive Officers ........................................................................................................ Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control ........................................................................................... Summary of Company Incentive Plans..................................................................................................................................... Long-Term Incentive Plans ................................................................................................................................................. Annual Incentive Plan......................................................................................................................................................... Stockholder Proposals .............................................................................................................................................................. Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors................................................................................................................................. Proposal No. 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm................................... Proposal No. 3: Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation................................................................................ Page 1 5 8 8 8 9 13 13 14 14 15 17 17 18 18 18 21 22 22 26 29 36 39 40 40 43 44 45 45 46 47 51 51 53 54 54 61 61 61 63 63 63 65 Other Information..................................................................................................................................................................... Audit Committee Report .................................................................................................................................................... Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management ................................................................................ Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports ................................................................................................................. Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions .................................................................................................... Proposals by Stockholders.................................................................................................................................................. Householding of Annual Meeting Materials....................................................................................................................... Other Business.................................................................................................................................................................... 66 66 67 69 69 71 71 71 (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) REGIONAL MANAGEMENT CORP. 979 Batesville Road, Suite B Greer, South Carolina 29651 PROXY STATEMENT For the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to Be Held on May 18, 2023 Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholder Meeting to Be Held on May 18, 2023: The Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, Proxy Statement, and Annual Report on Form 10-K are available free of charge at https://materials.proxyvote.com/75902K and on the Investor Relations website of Regional Management Corp. at www.regionalmanagement.com. 2023 PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY April 12, 2023 This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider. You should read the entire Proxy Statement carefully before voting. Annual Meeting of Stockholders Date: Time: Access: May 18, 2023 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time Virtually via the internet at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. Instructions as to how you may attend and participate in the virtual Annual Meeting are set forth in the Proxy Statement under “General Information and Frequently Asked Questions – How do I attend and participate in the Annual Meeting online?” Record Date: April 3, 2023 (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Voting: Proxy Materials: Meeting Agenda Proposal Election of nine directors Stockholders as of the record date are entitled to vote. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote for each director nominee and one vote for each other proposal. Stockholders may vote by proxy or electronically during the virtual Annual Meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. Instructions as to how you may cast your vote are found on the accompanying proxy card and are set forth in the Proxy Statement under “General Information and Frequently Asked Questions – How do I vote?” The Proxy Statement and the accompanying proxy card are first being mailed on or about April 12, 2023 to the stockholders of Regional Management Corp. Ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 Advisory vote to approve executive compensation Transact other business as may properly come before the meeting Board Vote Recommendation FOR ALL Page Reference (for more detail) 63 FOR FOR 63 65 Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 1 Election of Director Nominees The following table provides summary information about each director nominee. The nominees receiving a plurality of the votes cast at the meeting will be elected as directors. Name Carlos Palomares, Chair of the Board Philip V. Bancroft Robert W. Beck Jonathan D. Brown Roel C. Campos Director Since 2012 2022 2020 2018 2012 Maria Contreras-Sweet 2018 Michael R. Dunn 2014 Steven J. Freiberg 2014 Sandra K. Johnson 2020 Experience/Qualifications Independent Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Credit Risk, Corporate Finance, Executive Compensation, Accounting, Risk Management Insurance Industry, Leadership, Corporate Finance, Accounting, Risk Management, Regulatory Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Credit Risk, Corporate Finance, Marketing, M&A, Accounting, Risk Management, Investor Relations Financial Services Industry, Capital Allocation, M&A, Corporate Governance, Investor Relations Leadership, Cybersecurity, Corporate Governance, Government Affairs, Securities Compliance, Regulatory Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Corporate Finance, Technology/Innovation, Corporate Governance, Regulatory, Public Relations, Government Affairs Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Credit Risk, Corporate Finance, M&A, Risk Management, Investor Relations Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Credit Risk, Corporate Finance, Marketing, M&A, Executive Compensation, Technology, Risk Management, Investor Relations Financial Services Industry, Leadership, Information Technology, Cybersecurity, Blockchain Technology, Technology/Innovation, Entrepreneurship ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Committees CGN CC RC ✓ AC ✓ C ✓ ✓ C ✓ C ✓ ✓ ✓ C ✓ ✓ AC = Audit Committee CC = Compensation Committee CGN = Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee RC = Risk Committee C = Committee Chair Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 2 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm As a matter of good corporate governance, we are asking our stockholders to ratify the selection of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation As required by Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we are providing our stockholders with the opportunity to vote on a non-binding advisory resolution to approve the compensation of our named executive officers (commonly known as a “Say-on-Pay Vote”). 2022 Compensation-Related Highlights ✓ Continued alignment of executive pay with company performance: o 2022 incentives were largely performance-contingent, with long-term incentive awards roughly one-half performance- contingent and short-term incentive awards entirely performance-contingent o Performance goals were rigorous and were based almost exclusively on objective, quantitative criteria ✓ Maintained competitive compensation and incentive program target opportunities for our executives in order to continue to align their overall compensation with the market for executive talent ✓ Set our short-term incentive plan to provide high upside if performance goals are exceeded, while paying low or no bonus amounts if goals are not achieved ✓ Granted long-term incentives, which include a significant portion that is contingent upon the achievement of rigorous and clearly-defined performance measures, to named executive officers and other key contributors, effectively aligning such individuals’ interests with the long-term interests of our stockholders ✓ Eliminated the prospective grant of stock options, performance-contingent restricted stock units, and cash settled performance units and introduced performance restricted stock unit awards, a new long-term performance award, as the simplified and sole long-term performance compensation vehicle (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Compensation Program “Best Practices” Summary ✓ Compensation program designed to closely align pay with ✓ No excise tax gross-ups performance ✓ Significant share ownership guidelines for executives (5x base salary for CEO, 2x for other executive officers) ✓ Significant share ownership guidelines for directors (5x annual cash retainer) ✓ Significant portion of compensation is variable and/or performance-based ✓ No excessive perquisites ✓ Formalized clawback policy ✓ Double-trigger change-in-control provisions ✓ Prohibition against hedging and pledging ✓ No re-pricing of equity incentive awards without stockholder approval ✓ Independent Compensation Committee ✓ Independent compensation consultant Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 3 Fiscal 2022 Compensation Summary The following table sets forth the cash and other compensation that we paid to our named executive officers or that was otherwise earned by our named executive officers during 2022. See the Summary Compensation Table of the Proxy Statement for additional information. Name and Principal Position Robert W. Beck, President and Chief Executive Officer Harpreet Rana, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer John D. Schachtel, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Brian J. Fisher, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer Manish Parmar, Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer Salary ($) 660,000 Stock Awards ($) 2,999,974 Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) 1,187,860 All Other Compensation ($) 67,843 Total ($) 4,915,677 420,000 799,913 257,880 26,867 1,504,660 441,000 824,965 492,902 57,052 1,815,919 412,000 674,919 445,422 37,589 1,569,930 363,000 544,955 405,038 34,590 1,347,583 Note: The amounts shown in the Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation column represent: (i) for Ms. Rana, performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2022, and (ii) for Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar, performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2022 and cash-settled performance units that were granted in 2020 and earned over a performance period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022. 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders ! ! ! Stockholder proposals submitted pursuant to SEC Rule 14a-8 must be received by us no later than December 14, 2023. Notice of stockholder proposals outside of SEC Rule 14a-8 must be delivered to us not earlier than January 19, 2024 and not later than February 18, 2024. Stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees must comply with the procedures in our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) and provide notice that sets forth the additional information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act no later than March 19, 2024. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 4 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) GENERAL INFORMATION AND FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS This proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) and the accompanying proxy card are first being sent on or about April 12, 2023, to the stockholders of Regional Management Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Regional,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our”), in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our Board of Directors (the “Board”) for use at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on May 18, 2023, at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time and any postponement or adjournment thereof. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, containing financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, is being mailed together with this Proxy Statement to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Why did I receive a proxy card and Proxy Statement? As a stockholder of record on April 3, 2023, you are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. The accompanying proxy card is for use at the Annual Meeting if a stockholder either will be unable to attend virtually on May 18, 2023 or will attend virtually but wishes to vote by proxy in advance of the Annual Meeting. Even if you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, you are encouraged to vote by proxy in advance. Instructions as to how you may cast your vote by proxy are found on the proxy card. If you attend the virtual Annual Meeting, you may revoke your proxy and vote your shares electronically during the virtual Annual Meeting. The proxy card is solicited by mail by and on behalf of the Board, and the cost of soliciting proxies will be borne by us. In addition to solicitations by mail, proxies may be solicited in person, by telephone, or via the internet by our directors and officers who will not receive additional compensation for such services. We will request banks, brokerage houses, and other institutions, nominees, and fiduciaries to forward the soliciting material to beneficial owners and to obtain authorization for the execution of proxies. We will, upon request, reimburse these parties for their reasonable expenses in forwarding proxy materials to our beneficial owners. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) How do I attend and participate in the Annual Meeting online? We will host the Annual Meeting exclusively live online. Any stockholder can attend the Annual Meeting live online at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. To enter the Annual Meeting, you will need to log in with the control number provided on your proxy card or voting instruction form. Once you are logged in to the Annual Meeting, instructions on how to participate, including how to submit questions and vote during the meeting, will be provided at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. If you are not a stockholder or do not have a control number, you may still access the meeting as a guest, but you will not be able to participate. We are committed to ensuring that our stockholders have the same rights and opportunities to participate in the Annual Meeting as if it had been held in a physical location. If you have questions about accessing the website for the virtual Annual Meeting, please contact the Company’s Corporate Secretary by sending an email to investor.relations@regionalmanagement.com or calling (864) 448-7000 by May 15, 2023. If you encounter any technical difficulties with the log-in process or during the Annual Meeting, please call the technical support number that will be posted on the virtual Annual Meeting website. The virtual meeting platform is fully supported across browsers (Edge, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plugins. Stockholders (or their authorized representatives) should ensure that they have a strong Wi-Fi connection wherever they intend to participate in the meeting. Stockholders (or their authorized representatives) should also give themselves plenty of time to log in and ensure that they can hear streaming audio prior to the start of the meeting. What is the purpose of the Annual Meeting? The purpose of the Annual Meeting is: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) to elect the nine nominees named in the Proxy Statement to serve as members of the Board until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified; to ratify the appointment Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023; to hold an advisory vote to approve executive compensation; and to transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments thereof. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 5 Who is entitled to vote? Only stockholders of record at the close of business on April 3, 2023 (the “Record Date”), will be entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, 9,585,417 shares of our common stock, $0.10 par value per share, were outstanding. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for each director nominee and to one vote per share on any other proposal presented at the Annual Meeting. Brokers that are members of certain securities exchanges and that hold shares of our common stock in “street name” on behalf of beneficial owners have authority to vote on certain items when they have not received instructions from beneficial owners. Under the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules and regulations governing such brokers, the proposal to ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm is considered a “discretionary” item. This means that brokers may vote in their discretion on this proposal on behalf of beneficial owners who have not furnished voting instructions. In contrast, certain items are considered “non-discretionary,” and a “broker non-vote” occurs when a broker or other nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner votes on one proposal but does not vote on another proposal because, with respect to such other proposal, the nominee does not have discretionary voting power and has not received instructions from the beneficial owner. The proposals to elect directors and to approve executive compensation are considered “non-discretionary,” and therefore, brokers cannot vote your shares on these proposals when they do not receive voting instructions from you. What constitutes a quorum? The representation, virtually or by proxy, of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Votes withheld from any nominee, abstentions, and “broker non-votes” are counted as present or represented for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum for the Annual Meeting but do not represent votes cast. Virtual attendance at our Annual Meeting constitutes presence in person for purposes of determining whether there is a quorum at the meeting. Can I ask questions at the virtual Annual Meeting? Stockholders as of the Record Date who attend and participate in our virtual Annual Meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023 will have an opportunity to submit questions about topics of importance to the Company’s business and affairs live via the internet during a designated portion of the meeting. Instructions for submitting questions during the virtual Annual Meeting will be available at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023. Stockholders may also submit a question in advance of the Annual Meeting at www.proxyvote.com. In both cases, stockholders must have available their control number provided on their proxy card or voting instruction form. All questions from stockholders that are pertinent to Annual Meeting matters will be answered during the meeting, subject to time limitations. How do I vote? Stockholders may vote by proxy or by attending the virtual Annual Meeting online and voting electronically during the Annual Meeting. Instructions as to how you may cast your vote by proxy are set forth below and are found on the accompanying proxy card. Vote by Internet: Before the Meeting – Go to www.proxyvote.com Use the internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on May 17, 2023. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the website, and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. During the Meeting – Go to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/RM2023 You may attend the meeting via the internet and vote electronically during the meeting. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the website, and follow the instructions. Vote by Mail: Mark, sign, and date your proxy card and promptly return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. Will other matters be voted on at the Annual Meeting? Aside from the three proposals described above, the Board knows of no other matters to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If any other matter should be presented at the Annual Meeting upon which a vote properly may be taken, shares represented by all Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 6 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) proxies received by the Board will be voted with respect thereto in accordance with the best judgment of the persons named as proxy holders and attorneys-in-fact in the proxies. May I revoke my proxy instructions? Any proxy given pursuant to this solicitation may be revoked by the person giving it at any time before it is voted at the Annual Meeting. Proxies may be revoked by (i) filing with our Corporate Secretary, before the taking of the vote at the Annual Meeting, a written notice of revocation bearing a later date than the proxy; (ii) duly completing a later-dated proxy card relating to the same shares and delivering it to our Corporate Secretary before the taking of the vote at the Annual Meeting; or (iii) attending the virtual Annual Meeting and voting electronically (although attendance at the Annual Meeting will not in and of itself constitute a revocation of a proxy). Any written notice of revocation or subsequent proxy should be sent so as to be delivered to Regional Management Corp., 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651, Attention: Corporate Secretary, before the taking of the vote at the Annual Meeting. How many votes are required to approve each proposal? With respect to the proposal to elect directors (Proposal No. 1), the nine nominees receiving the highest number of affirmative votes of the shares present, virtually or represented by proxy, and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting shall be elected as directors. Votes withheld, abstentions, and “broker non-votes” will have no effect on the election of directors (Proposal No. 1). Regarding the proposal to ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 (Proposal No. 2), an affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present, virtually or represented by proxy, and voting on such matter is required for approval. Likewise, the compensation of executive officers (Proposal No. 3) will be approved, on an advisory basis, if a majority of the shares present, virtually or represented by proxy, and voting on such matter is cast in favor of the proposal. “Broker non-votes,” votes withheld, and abstentions are not considered voted for the particular matter. For proposals subject to majority voting that are considered “non-discretionary” (Proposal No. 3), “broker non- votes” have the effect of reducing the number of affirmative votes required to achieve a majority for such matter by reducing the total number of shares from which the majority is calculated. For proposals subject to majority voting that are considered “discretionary” (Proposal No. 2), there will be no “broker non-votes” and brokers may vote in their discretion on behalf of beneficial owners who have not furnished voting instructions. Virtual attendance at our Annual Meeting constitutes presence for purposes of the vote required under our Bylaws. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Because your vote on Proposal No. 3 is advisory, it will not be binding on us, our Board, or our Compensation Committee. However, the Board and the Compensation Committee will consider the outcome of this vote when making future compensation decisions for our executive officers. The persons named as proxy holders and attorneys-in-fact in the proxy card, Robert W. Beck and Catherine R. Atwood, were selected by the Board and are officers of the Company. All properly executed proxy cards returned in time to be counted at the Annual Meeting will be voted by such persons at the Annual Meeting. Where a choice has been specified on the proxy card with respect to the foregoing matters, the shares represented by the proxy will be voted in accordance with the specifications. If no such specifications are indicated, such shares will be voted “FOR” the election of all director nominees, “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm, and “FOR” the advisory approval of executive compensation. How can I correspond directly with Regional Management Corp.? The address of our principal executive office is 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651, and our telephone number is (864) 448-7000. In addition, any person interested in communicating directly with the Chair of our Board or with any other Board member may address such communication to our Corporate Secretary, 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651, who will forward such communication to the appropriate party. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 7 BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS The Board is responsible for directing and overseeing the management of our business and affairs in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The Board has implemented written Corporate Governance Guidelines designed to assist the Board in fulfilling its duties and responsibilities. The Corporate Governance Guidelines address a number of matters applicable to directors, including Board composition, structure, and policies; director qualification standards; Board meetings; committees of the Board; roles and expectations of the Board and its directors; director compensation; management succession planning; and other matters. These Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our Investor Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. A stockholder may request a copy of the Corporate Governance Guidelines by contacting our Corporate Secretary at 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651. Director Qualifications Our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) is responsible for reviewing the qualifications of potential director candidates and recommending to the Board those candidates to be nominated for election to the Board. The Nominating Committee considers minimum individual qualifications, including relevant career experience, strength of character, mature judgment, familiarity with our business and industry, independence of thought, and an ability to work collegially with the other members of the Board, and all other factors it considers appropriate, which may include age, diversity of background, existing commitments to other businesses, potential conflicts of interest with other pursuits, legal considerations (such as antitrust issues), corporate governance background, financial and accounting background, executive compensation background, and the size, composition, and combined expertise of the existing Board. The Board and the Nominating Committee monitor the mix of specific experience, qualifications, and skills of the Company’s directors in order to ensure that the Board, as a whole, has the necessary tools to perform its oversight function effectively in light of our business and structure. Stockholders may also nominate directors for election at our annual stockholders’ meeting by following the provisions set forth in our Bylaws, and in such a case, the Nominating Committee will consider the qualifications of directors proposed by stockholders. When determining whether director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes, and professional and functional skills, taken as a whole, to enable our Board to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of our business and structure, the Nominating Committee has focused primarily on the valuable contributions of incumbent directors to our success in recent years and on the skills, experience, and individual attributes that each director nominee brings to the Board, including those discussed in the biographical descriptions and matrix set forth below. It is expected that, without specific approval from the Board, no director will serve on more than five public company boards (including the Board), and no member of the Audit Committee will serve on more than three public company audit committees (including the Audit Committee of the Board). Board Diversity The Board recognizes and embraces the value of a diverse board of directors in improving the quality of its performance and our success. Diversity promotes the exchange of different perspectives and ideas, mitigates against groupthink, and ensures that the Board has the opportunity to benefit from all available talent. The Board is committed to inclusion – ensuring that all directors feel welcomed, valued, and able to contribute their opinions. The Board also recognizes the need for its directors to understand and to be able to respond effectively to the financial needs of its diverse customer base. The promotion of a diverse Board makes prudent business sense and makes for better corporate governance. The Board maintains, and periodically reviews, a Board Diversity Policy (the “Diversity Policy”), a copy of which is available on our Investor Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. The Diversity Policy establishes the Board’s approach to achieving and maintaining diversity on the Board. The Board and the Nominating Committee are committed to actively seeking out highly qualified, diverse candidates to include in the pool from which Board nominees are chosen. The Board seeks to comprise itself of talented and dedicated directors with a diverse mix of expertise in areas needed to foster our business success, as well as a diversity of personal characteristics that include, but are not limited to, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, age, and geography. The Board and the Nominating Committee implement the Diversity Policy by maintaining a director candidate list comprised of individuals qualified to fill openings on the Board, which includes candidates with useful expertise who possess diverse personal backgrounds. When conducting searches for new directors, the Nominating Committee will include qualified female and/or ethnically diverse individuals from the list in the pool of candidates. Ultimately, the selection of new directors will be based on the Board’s judgment of the overall contributions that a candidate will bring to the Board, giving due weight to diverse personal characteristics that contribute to the Board achieving the objectives of the Diversity Policy. The Nominating Committee is charged with reviewing all steps taken pursuant to the Diversity Policy on an annual basis, assessing the Board’s progress in achieving and maintaining diversity, and presenting its findings and assessment to the full Board Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 8 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) for input. Approximately 44% of the Board is racially or ethnically diverse and approximately 22% of the Board is female. In 2019, the Board was awarded the Latino Corporate Directors Association 2019 Corporate Visionary Award in recognition of Regional’s commitment to an inclusive and diverse Board. The Board was also nominated in 2019 for NACD NXT™ recognition by the National Association of Corporate Directors, which applauds exemplary board leadership practices that promote greater diversity and inclusion. In 2020, the Board appointed Sandra K. Johnson, Ph.D. as our second female director and first African American director. In 2021, Director Maria Contreras-Sweet was named as one of the most influential leaders in the boardroom by the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD). The Nominating Committee and the Board are proud of the diverse characteristics of the Company’s directors and will continue to promote diversity and inclusion initiatives at the Board level and throughout the Company. Current Directors and Director Nominees The Board has the discretion to determine the size of the Board, the members of which are elected at each year’s annual meeting of stockholders. Our Board currently consists of nine directors: Carlos Palomares, Philip V. Bancroft, Robert W. Beck, Jonathan D. Brown, Roel C. Campos, Maria Contreras-Sweet, Michael R. Dunn, Steven J. Freiberg, and Sandra K. Johnson, with Mr. Palomares serving as Chair of the Board. Each of these individuals has been nominated and will stand as a director candidate for election at the Annual Meeting. Biographical information of each of our directors is provided below. In addition, following the biographical information of our directors, we have provided a matrix summarizing the background, skills, experience, qualifications, and other attributes of our directors that led the Nominating Committee and the Board to conclude that such individuals would provide valuable contributions to our business and should therefore serve our company as its directors. CARLOS PALOMARES Age: 78 Director Since: 2012 Chair of the Board Member of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee PHILIP V. BANCROFT Age: 64 Director Since: 2022 Chair of the Audit Committee Member of the Risk Committee Mr. Palomares has been a director of Regional since March 2012 and currently serves as Chair of the Board. Since 2007, Mr. Palomares has been President and Chief Executive Officer of SMC Resources, a consulting practice that advises senior executives on business and marketing strategy. From 2001 to 2007, Mr. Palomares was Senior Vice President at Capital One Financial Corp., and he was Chief Operating Officer of Capital One Federal Savings Bank banking unit from 2004 to 2007. Prior to joining Capital One, Mr. Palomares held a number of senior positions with Citigroup Inc. and its affiliates, including Chief Operating Officer of Citibank Latin America Consumer Bank from 1998 to 2001, Chief Financial Officer of Citibank North America Consumer Bank from 1997 to 1998, President and CEO of Citibank FSB Florida from 1992 to 1997, and Chairman and CEO of Citibank Italia from 1990 to 1992. Mr. Palomares serves on the boards of directors of Pan American Life Insurance Group, Inc., a leading provider of life, accident, and health insurance throughout the Americas, and Banesco USA, a privately held financial institution. Mr. Palomares earned a B.S. degree in Quantitative Analysis from New York University. Mr. Bancroft has served as a director of Regional since January 2022. He was the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Chubb Limited, the largest publicly traded property and casualty insurance company in the world, from 2016 to 2021. Before Chubb, he was the Chief Financial Officer of ACE Limited from 2001 to ACE’s acquisition of Chubb in 2016, at which time he became the Chief Financial Officer of Chubb. Prior to ACE, Mr. Bancroft served as Partner-in-Charge for the New York Regional Insurance Group of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) from 1996 to 2001 and spent nearly 20 years at PwC in various roles, including ten years as a partner. Mr. Bancroft is a director of Brighthouse Financial, Inc., a publicly traded company that is one of the largest providers of annuity and life insurance products in the U.S, where he serves on the audit and investment committees. He currently serves on Saint Joseph’s University Haub School of Business/Advisory Board for Insurance Risk Management. He was certified as a public accountant and earned his Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from Temple University. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 9 ROBERT W. BECK Age: 59 President and Chief Executive Officer Director Since: 2020 JONATHAN D. BROWN Age: 38 Director Since: 2018 Member of the Risk Committee ROEL C. CAMPOS Age: 74 Director Since: 2012 Chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Member of the Audit Committee Mr. Beck has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a director of Regional since March 2020. From July 2019 until March 2020, Mr. Beck served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Regional. Prior to joining Regional as Chief Financial Officer in July 2019, he was Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Before that, he spent 29 years at Citibank, serving in various roles. Most recently, Mr. Beck was the Chief Operating Officer of Citibank’s US Retail Bank, after previously serving as Chief Financial Officer of Citibank’s US Consumer and Commercial Bank. Prior to that, Mr. Beck served in a number of different roles at Citibank, including head of Citigroup Corporate Finance, head of Citigroup Reengineering, and co-head of Citigroup Corporate M&A. Mr. Beck serves on the board of directors of CSI of St. Louis, Inc., a telecom system and consulting company. Mr. Beck received his B.S. in Business Administration and Management from Washington University in St. Louis and his M.B.A. in Finance and International Business from New York University’s Stern School of Business. Mr. Brown has served as a director of Regional since January 2018. He is a partner with Basswood Capital Management L.L.C. (“Basswood”), an alternative asset manager. Mr. Brown joined Basswood in 2009. In his current role, Mr. Brown is responsible for the research and investment analysis of companies across a broad range of sectors, with a specialized focus on financial services. Prior to Basswood, Mr. Brown worked at Sandelman Partners and Goldman Sachs. Mr. Brown graduated from Emory University’s Goizueta School of Business in 2006 with a B.B.A., holding dual concentrations in Finance and Strategy & Management Consulting, as well as a minor in History. Mr. Brown is the representative of Basswood, our largest stockholder. For a description of our cooperation agreement with Basswood, pursuant to which Mr. Brown is nominated, see “Other Information – Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions – Cooperation Agreement,” below. Mr. Campos has served as a director of Regional since March 2012. Since February 2016, he has been an equity partner and, since 2021, he has served as Senior Counsel with the law firm of Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP. Mr. Campos practices in the areas of securities regulation, corporate governance, and securities enforcement. Prior to joining Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP, Mr. Campos was a partner with Locke Lord LLP (2011 to 2016) and Cooley LLP (2007 to 2011). Prior to that, he received a presidential appointment and served as a Commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from 2002 to 2007. Prior to serving with the SEC, Mr. Campos was a founding partner of a Houston-based radio broadcaster. Earlier in his career, he practiced corporate law and later served as a federal prosecutor in Los Angeles, California. Mr. Campos currently serves as an independent director for the board of KPMG US LLP, a professional firm providing audit, tax, and advisory services, as well as various non-profit boards. Mr. Campos also previously served from 2013 to 2017 on the board of directors of WellCare Health Plans, Inc., a public company that provided managed health care services, which was acquired and merged into Centene Corp., a multi-national health care enterprise in 2020. He also previously served as a director of a private registered broker-dealer, Liquidnet Holdings, Inc., which in 2021 was acquired and merged into the TP ICAP group, a London-based broker dealer. Mr. Campos previously served from 2016 to 2020 on the Board of Visitors to the United States Air Force Academy. From 2009 to 2013, Mr. Campos served on the Presidential Intelligence Advisory Board (the “PIAB”), comprised of selected private citizens who serve as outside advisers to the President on national intelligence issues. Mr. Campos earned his B.S. degree from the United States Air Force Academy, received an M.B.A. degree from the University of California, Los Angeles, and earned his J.D. degree from Harvard Law School. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 10 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) MARIA CONTRERAS-SWEET Age: 67 Director Since: 2018 Member of the Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee MICHAEL R. DUNN Age: 71 Director Since: 2014 Chair of the Risk Committee Ms. Contreras-Sweet has served as a director of Regional since January 2018. She is the managing partner of Rockway Equity Partners, LLC and Contreras Sweet Companies, LLC. Prior to founding her current business, she served as a member of President Obama’s cabinet as the 24th Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2014 to 2017, where she was responsible for a $132 billion loan portfolio. She was a founder of ProAmerica Bank, where she served as Executive Chairwoman from 2006 to 2014, and Co- Founder and Managing Partner of Fortius Holdings, LLC, from 2003 to 2006. Prior to that, Ms. Contreras-Sweet served as the California Cabinet Secretary of the Business, Transportation and Housing Agency from 1999 to 2003, where she oversaw 14 departments including the Department of Financial Institutions and Department of Corporations. Earlier in her career, she was a senior executive with Westinghouse Electric Company’s 7-Up/RC Bottling Company. Ms. Contreras-Sweet is a director of Sempra Energy, a publicly traded energy services company that invests in, develops, and operates energy infrastructure and provides electric and gas services, where she serves on the audit and compensation committees. She is also a director of TriNet Group, Inc., a publicly traded professional employer organization, where she serves on the nominating and corporate governance committee and chairs the risk committee, as well as Zions Bancorporation, N.A., a publicly traded bank, where she serves on the audit committee. Ms. Contreras-Sweet is a Distinguished Fellow of the LARTA Institute and serves on the board of the Bipartisan Policy Center. She has been bestowed with numerous honorary doctorates including from Tufts University, Whittier College, and California State University, Los Angeles. Mr. Dunn has served as a director of Regional since July 2014. He previously served as Chief Executive Officer of Regional from October 2014 through July 2016 and as Executive Chairman of the Board from August 2016 through December 2016. Prior to joining Regional, Mr. Dunn was a partner at the private equity firm of Brysam Global Partners, a specialized firm focusing on investment in international banking and consumer lending companies, from 2007 through 2013. Mr. Dunn served as a board or alternate board member for all of Brysam’s portfolio companies. Prior to that, Mr. Dunn was with Citigroup for over 30 years, where he was the Chief Financial Officer of the Global Consumer Group from 1996 through 2007, adding the title of Chief Operating Officer of the Group in 2005. He was also a member of the Citigroup Management and Operating Committees. Mr. Dunn previously served on the boards of Banamex, a wholly owned Mexican bank subsidiary of Citigroup, and on the U.S.- based Student Loan Corporation, of which Citigroup owned a majority interest. He holds a B.S. degree from New York University and attended the University of Michigan Executive Program. He is a Certified Public Accountant in New York State. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 11 STEVEN J. FREIBERG Age: 66 Director Since: 2014 Chair of the Compensation Committee Member of the Audit Committee SANDRA K. JOHNSON, PH.D. Age: 62 Director Since: 2020 Member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and Risk Committee Mr. Freiberg has served as a director of Regional since July 2014. He is the founder of Grand Vista Partners (a private investment office), a Senior Advisor to Towerbook Capital Partners (an investment management firm), and a Senior Advisor to The Boston Consulting Group (a global consulting firm). Previously, Mr. Freiberg served as Interim Chief Financial Officer of Social Finance, Inc. from 2017 until 2018 and as a director and the Chief Executive Officer of E*TRADE Financial Corporation from 2010 until 2012. Prior to joining E*TRADE, Mr. Freiberg spent 30 years at Citigroup and its predecessor companies and affiliates. Among his notable roles at Citigroup, Mr. Freiberg served as Co- Chairman/Chief Executive Officer of Citigroup’s Global Consumer Group, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Citi Cards—Citigroup’s leading global credit card business— and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Citigroup’s North American Investment Products Division. Additionally, he was a member of Citigroup’s Executive, Management, and Operating Committees, and he served on the board of directors of several of Citigroup’s affiliates, including Citibank N.A., Citicorp Credit Services Inc., Citicorp Investment Services, Citicorp Insurance Group, Citibank Trust N.A., Citibank FSB, and the Citigroup Foundation. Mr. Freiberg served on the board of directors of MasterCard Incorporated, a publicly traded multinational financial services corporation, from 2006 to 2022. Mr. Freiberg currently serves as Vice Chair of the board of directors of SoFi Technologies, Inc., a publicly traded personal finance company where he serves on the risk committee. Mr. Freiberg also serves on the board of directors for two publicly traded blank check companies – Compass Digital Acquisition Corp. and Portage Fintech Acquisition Corp. (where he also serves as Chairman), in addition to serving on the governing body of Purchasing Power, LLC (a private specialty e-retailer offering consumer products, vacations, and online education services through payment plans). He is also chairman of the board of directors of Rewards Network, one of the largest merchant-funded, card- linked reward networks in the United States. Dr. Johnson has served as a director of Regional since April 2020. She has served as the founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Technology Officer of Global Mobile Finance, Inc., a fintech startup company based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, since 2018. In addition, since 2014, she has served as the Chief Executive Officer of SKJ Visioneering, LLC, a technology consulting company. From November 2012 to February 2014, Dr. Johnson served as the Chief Technology Officer for IBM Central, East and West Africa. Prior to 2014, she spent 11 years as a Senior Technical Staff Member of the IBM Systems and Technology Group, serving in various roles, including Business Development Executive for IBM Middle East and Africa, Chief Technology Officer for IBM’s Global Small and Medium Business, and the Linux Performance Architect. Dr. Johnson has conducted extensive research and published her findings in a number of computer-related and information technology areas, she has authored and co-authored over 80 publications, and she was part of the design team that developed the prototype for the IBM Scalable Parallel Processor (SP2), the base machine for “Deep Blue,” IBM’s world-famous chess machine. Dr. Johnson was a member of the IBM Academy of Technology, a group consisting of the top 1% of IBM’s over 250,000 technical professionals. She has also received numerous technical and professional awards and is an IBM Master Inventor with over 40 patents issued and pending. Dr. Johnson earned her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Southern University, Stanford University, and Rice University, respectively. She is the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in electrical engineering, with a concentration in computer engineering, in the United States. Dr. Johnson is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) and the Association for Computing Machinery (“ACM”). She is also an IEEE Fellow and an ACM Distinguished Engineer. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 12 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Matrix of Director Skills, Experience, and Demographic Background The following table provides our stockholders and other interested parties with an overview of our directors’ skills, experience, and demographic background. These qualities are of particular value to our business and led the Nominating Committee and the Board to conclude that such individuals would provide valuable contributions to our company and should therefore serve our company as its directors. Philip V. Bancroft Robert W. Beck Jonathan D. Brown Roel C. Campos Maria Contreras- Sweet Michael R. Dunn Steven J. Freiberg Sandra K. Johnson Carlos Palomares Skills and Experience Financial Services Industry Other Public Co. Board of Directors Executive Management Entrepreneurship/Business Operations Credit Risk Management Corporate Finance or Capital Allocation Marketing and/or Public Relations Marketing to Hispanic Population Mergers and Acquisitions Human Resources/Executive Comp Cybersecurity or Technology/Innovation Information Technology or Blockchain Corporate Governance Government Affairs Regulatory and/or SEC Compliance Audit Committee Financial Expert SOX and Internal Audit Risk Management Business Ethics Investor Relations Demographic Background Board Tenure and Independence ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Year First Appointed or Elected 2022 2020 2018 2012 Board Independent Gender Male Female Age Years Old Race/Ethnicity White/Caucasian Hispanic/Latino African American Board Independence ✓ ✓ 64 ✓ ✓ 59 ✓ ✓ ✓ 38 ✓ ✓ ✓ 74 ✓ (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2018 ✓ ✓ 67 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2014 2014 ✓ ✓ 66 ✓ ✓ 71 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2020 ✓ ✓ 62 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2012 ✓ ✓ 78 ✓ The Board determined that each of Ms. Contreras-Sweet, Dr. Johnson, and Messrs. Bancroft, Brown, Campos, Freiberg, and Palomares were independent during 2022 in accordance with the criteria established by the NYSE for independent board members. The Board performed a review to determine the independence of its members and made a subjective determination as to each of these independent directors that no transactions, relationships, or arrangements exist that, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director of the Company. In making Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 13 these determinations, the Board reviewed the information provided by the directors and the Company with regard to each director’s business and personal activities as they may relate to the Company and its management. We define an “independent” director in accordance with Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Rules. The categorical standards that the Board has established to assist it in making independence determinations can be found in our Corporate Governance Guidelines on our Investor Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. Leadership Structure As described in the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Board may select its Chair and our Chief Executive Officer in any way that it considers to be in our best interests. Therefore, the Board does not have a policy on whether the roles of Chair and Chief Executive Officer should be separate or combined and, if they are to be separate, whether the Chair should be selected from the independent directors. Mr. Palomares was appointed to serve as Chair of our Board in July 2019. At this time, the Board believes that the separation of the roles of Chair and Chief Executive Officer promotes communication between the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, and other senior management, and enhances the Board’s oversight of management. We believe that our leadership structure provides increased accountability of our Chief Executive Officer to the Board and encourages balanced decision-making. We also separate the roles in recognition of the differences in the roles. While the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for day-to-day leadership of the Company and the setting of strategic direction, the Chair provides guidance to the Chief Executive Officer and coordinates and manages the operations of the Board and its committees. At this time, the Board believes that its current leadership structure, with an independent Chair, is appropriate for the Company and provides many advantages to the effective operation of the Board. The Board will periodically evaluate and reassess the effectiveness of this leadership structure. Meetings The Board held 10 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. During 2022, all of our directors attended at least 75% of the aggregate number of meetings of the Board and committees on which he or she served. In addition to formal Board meetings, our Board communicates from time to time via telephone, electronic mail, and informal meetings, and our Board and its committees may act by written consent in lieu of a formal meeting. Our non-employee directors met in executive session following each of our regular, quarterly Board meetings in 2022, and the independent members of our Board also periodically met in executive session in 2022. Mr. Palomares presides over each executive session of our non-employee directors and independent directors. Other than an expectation set forth in our Corporate Governance Guidelines that each director will make every effort to attend the annual meeting of stockholders, we do not have a formal policy regarding the directors’ attendance at annual meetings. All of our directors attended our last annual meeting of stockholders held on May 19, 2022. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 14 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Committees of the Board Our Board has four standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, and the Risk Committee. The composition and responsibilities of each committee are described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our Board. Directors Philip V. Bancroft Jonathan D. Brown Roel C. Campos Maria Contreras-Sweet Michael R. Dunn Steven J. Freiberg Sandra K. Johnson Carlos Palomares Number of Meetings Held in 2022: Audit Committee Audit Chair ✓ ✓ ✓ 5 Compensation Corporate Governance and Nominating ✓ Chair ✓ 7 Chair ✓ ✓ 4 Risk ✓ ✓ Chair ✓ 5 The Audit Committee is a separately-designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Bancroft (Chair), Campos, Freiberg, and Palomares. Mr. Bancroft was appointed as the Audit Committee Chair in May 2022, assuming the position from Mr. Campos. In accordance with SEC rules and NYSE rules, each of the members of our Audit Committee is an independent director in accordance with the criteria established by the NYSE for the purpose of audit committee membership independence. In addition, the Board has examined the SEC’s definition of “audit committee financial expert” and has determined that Messrs. Bancroft, Freiberg, and Palomares satisfy this definition. Pursuant to the Audit Committee’s written charter, our Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • • • • • • appointing and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving the audit and non- audit services to be performed by our independent auditors; discussing the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm; assisting the Board in evaluating the qualifications, performance, and independence of our independent auditors; assisting the Board in monitoring the quality and integrity of our financial statements and our accounting and financial reporting processes; assisting the Board in monitoring our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; assisting the Board in reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting processes; assisting the Board in monitoring the performance of our internal audit function; reviewing with management and our independent auditors our annual and quarterly financial statements; establishing procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters and the confidential, anonymous submission by our employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and preparing the audit committee report that the SEC requires in our annual proxy statement. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 15 Compensation Committee Our Compensation Committee consists of Mr. Freiberg (Chair), Ms. Contreras-Sweet, and Mr. Palomares. In accordance with NYSE rules, each of the members of our Compensation Committee is an independent director in accordance with the criteria established by the NYSE for the purpose of compensation committee membership independence. Pursuant to the Compensation Committee’s written charter, our Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • • reviewing and approving, or making recommendations to the Board with respect to, corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluating our Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, and either as a committee or together with the other independent directors (as directed by the Board), determining and approving our Chief Executive Officer’s compensation level based on such evaluation; reviewing and approving the compensation of our executive officers, including annual base salaries, annual incentive bonuses, equity compensation, employment agreements, and severance and termination arrangements; reviewing and recommending to the Board the compensation of our non-employee directors; reviewing and discussing annually with management our “Compensation Discussion and Analysis;” preparing the Report of the Compensation Committee; and reviewing and making recommendations with respect to our equity compensation plans. The Compensation Committee is entitled to delegate any or all of its responsibilities to subcommittees of the Compensation Committee. Additionally, the Compensation Committee may delegate to one or more of our officers the authority to make grants and awards of cash or options or other equity securities to any of our non-Section 16 officers under our incentive-compensation or other equity-based plans, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate and in accordance with the terms of such plans, provided that such delegation is in compliance with such plans and applicable law. The Compensation Committee has the authority to hire outside advisors and experts, including compensation consultants to assist it with director and executive officer compensation determinations. See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Compensation Objectives and Approaches – Compensation Determination Process” for information about our independent compensation consultant. Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Our Nominating Committee consists of Mr. Roel C. Campos (Chair), Ms. Contreras-Sweet, and Dr. Johnson. Mr. Campos was appointed Chair in May 2022, assuming the position from Ms. Contreras-Sweet. In accordance with NYSE rules, each of the members of our Nominating Committee is an independent director in accordance with the criteria established by the NYSE for the purpose of corporate governance and nominating committee membership independence. Pursuant to the Nominating Committee’s written charter, the Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • • • assisting our Board in identifying prospective director nominees and recommending nominees to the Board; recommending members for each committee of our Board; developing and overseeing a process for the annual evaluation of the Board, committees of the Board, and management; overseeing, in coordination with other committees of the Board, as applicable, the Company’s policies, programs, strategies and reporting related to environmental, social and governance matters; evaluating the Company’s stockholder engagement practices and considering feedback received from stockholders; and reviewing (i) developments in corporate governance practices, (ii) the adequacy of our certificate of incorporation and Bylaws, and (iii) the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines (on a biennial basis). The Nominating Committee will consider a candidate for director proposed by a stockholder. A candidate must be highly qualified and be both willing to serve and expressly interested in serving on the Board. A stockholder wishing to propose a candidate for the Nominating Committee’s consideration in connection with the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2024 Annual Meeting”) should forward the candidate’s name and information about the candidate’s qualifications to Regional Management Corp., 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651, Attn: Corporate Secretary, not earlier than January 19, 2024 nor later than February 18, 2024. The Nominating Committee will select individuals, including candidates proposed by stockholders, as director nominees who have the highest personal and professional integrity, who have demonstrated exceptional ability and judgment, and who will be Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 16 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) most effective, in conjunction with the other nominees to the Board, in collectively serving the long-term interests of our stockholders. In evaluating nominees, the Nominating Committee will consider, among other things, the director qualifications described above and will apply the objectives outlined in our Diversity Policy. Risk Committee Our Risk Committee consists of Mr. Dunn (Chair), Mr. Bancroft, Mr. Brown, and Dr. Johnson. Mr. Bancroft was appointed to the Committee in January 2022. Mr. Campos ended service to the Committee in May 2022. Pursuant to the Risk Committee’s written charter, the Risk Committee is responsible for, among other things: • • • • reviewing and discussing our enterprise risk management program with management and our independent registered public accounting firm; reviewing the key risks facing the Company and discussing those risks with management; assessing the allocation of risk oversight among the committees of the Board; and reviewing and discussing with management the Company’s preparedness for handling business interruption and annually approving the Company’s Business Continuity Plan. Availability of Committee Charters The charters of each of our Board committees, which contain more complete explanations of the roles and responsibilities of each of our Board committees, are posted on our Investors Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. Information on our website is not considered part of this Proxy Statement. A stockholder may request a copy of any or all of these committee charters by contacting our Corporate Secretary at 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Role in Risk Oversight As part of its role in risk oversight, our Risk Committee is responsible for reviewing our risk assessment and risk management practices, and for discussing its findings with both management and our independent registered public accounting firm. Management has established an Enterprise Risk Management Program (the “ERM Program”) to ensure that all of the Company’s risks are managed appropriately and consistently at an enterprise-wide level. The ERM Program details principles used to support effective enterprise-wide risk management across the end-to-end risk management lifecycle, and it provides clarity on the expected activities in relation to risk management of the Board, management, and all employees throughout the organization. In 2021, we hired a Chief Risk and Responsibility Officer to oversee the ERM Program. The Board and the Risk Committee periodically receive ERM Program updates from our Chief Risk and Responsibility Officer and management, review the risks that may potentially affect us, and review management’s efforts to manage those risks, including risks reflected in our periodic filings. The Board may also request supplemental information and disclosure about specific areas of interest and concern relevant to risks it believes are faced by us and our business. The Board also considers emerging or evolving risks as they arise and may either meet as a full Board or assign risks to a committee for continuing oversight. Topics considered span a broad range of matters, including: maintaining the health and safety of our employees; evaluating the impact of recently elevated inflation and rising interest rates on strategy, operations, liquidity, and financial matters; and supporting the communities in which we operate. The Board believes that our current leadership structure enhances its oversight of risk management because our Chief Executive Officer, who is ultimately responsible for our risk management process, is in the best position to discuss with the Board these key risks and management’s response to them by also serving as a director of the Company. Role in Cybersecurity Oversight As part of its risk oversight role, the Board and the Risk Committee provide oversight of management’s efforts to mitigate risk and respond to cyber incidents. For example, on a periodic basis, members of the Board and the Risk Committee engage with management and/or third-party consultants to assess the cyber threat landscape, to evaluate our information security program, to review the results of penetration testing, and to analyze the design, effectiveness, and ongoing enhancement of our capabilities to monitor, prevent, and respond to cyber threats and events. The Company has a comprehensive enterprise-wide cybersecurity program aligned to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) industry standard and maintains cybersecurity risk insurance coverage to defray the costs of potential information security breaches. The Company conducts automated online training at least once a year for its employees and mock phishing campaigns on a regular basis throughout the year. Management briefs the Risk Committee quarterly on information security matters, including the status of the Company’s security posture and our efforts to identify and mitigate cybersecurity risks, and briefs the full Board on such matters at least annually. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 17 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Our Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”). The Code of Ethics applies to all of our directors, officers, and employees and must be acknowledged in writing by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code of Ethics is posted on our Investor Relations website at www.regionalmanagement.com. A stockholder may request a copy of the Code of Ethics by contacting our Corporate Secretary at 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina 29651. To the extent permissible under applicable law, the rules of the SEC, and NYSE listing standards, we intend to disclose on our website any amendment to our Code of Ethics, or any grant of a waiver from a provision of our Code of Ethics, that requires disclosure under applicable laws, the rules of the SEC, or NYSE listing standards. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, Ms. Contreras-Sweet and Messrs. Freiberg and Palomares served on our Compensation Committee. No member of the Compensation Committee has ever served as an officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or had any relationship during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K. In addition, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, none of our executive officers served on the compensation committee (or equivalent) or the board of directors of another entity whose executive officer(s) served on our Board or Compensation Committee. Communications with the Board Each member of the Board is receptive to and welcomes communications from our stockholders and other interested parties. Stockholders and other interested parties may contact any member (or all members) of the Board, including, without limitation, the Chair of the Board, any independent director, or the independent directors as a group, by addressing such communications or concerns to our Corporate Secretary, 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina, 29651, who will forward such communications to the appropriate party. If a complaint or concern involves accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters, the correspondence will be forwarded to the chair of the Audit Committee. If no particular director is named, such communication will be forwarded, depending on the subject matter, to the chair of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating Committee, or Risk Committee, as appropriate. Anyone who has concerns regarding (i) questionable accounting, internal accounting controls, and auditing matters, including those regarding the circumvention or attempted circumvention of internal accounting controls or that would otherwise constitute a violation of our accounting policies, (ii) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, or (iii) retaliation against employees who voice such concerns, may communicate these concerns by writing to the attention of the Audit Committee as set forth above or by calling (800) 224-2330 at any time. Director Compensation Quality non-employee directors are critical to our success. We believe that the two primary duties of non-employee directors are to effectively represent the long-term interests of our stockholders and to provide guidance to management. As such, our compensation program for non-employee directors is designed to meet several key objectives: • • • • Adequately compensate directors for their responsibilities and time commitments and for the personal liabilities and risks that they face as directors of a public company; Attract the highest caliber non-employee directors by offering a compensation program consistent with those at companies of similar size, complexity, and business character; Align the interests of directors with our stockholders by providing a significant portion of compensation in equity and requiring directors to own our stock; and Provide compensation that is simple and transparent to stockholders and reflects corporate governance best practices. The Compensation Committee, with the assistance of the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation consultant, reviews the compensation of our non-employee directors. In benchmarking director compensation, we use the same compensation peer group that is used to benchmark compensation for our named executive officers (see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Compensation Objectives and Approaches – Compensation Determination Process” for information about the peer group). Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 18 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Our employees who serve as directors receive no separate compensation for service on the Board or on committees of the Board. We maintain a non-employee director compensation program structured as follows: • • • • Board Cash Retainer: Each non-employee director receives an annual cash retainer of $70,000 payable in quarterly installments ($95,000 in the case of the chair or lead independent director, if applicable, of the Board). Committee Member Cash Retainer: Each member of a Board committee receives an additional annual cash retainer of $8,750 per committee service payable in quarterly installments ($17,500 in the case of the chair of each committee). Board Equity-Based Award: Each non-employee director receives, on an annual basis, shares of restricted common stock with a value equal to $110,000 ($135,000 in the case of the chair or lead independent director, if applicable, of the Board). Committee Member Equity-Based Award: Each member of a Board committee receives, on an annual basis, additional shares of restricted common stock with a value equal to $8,750 per committee service ($17,500 in the case of the chair of each committee). The restricted stock awards (each, an “RSA”) are granted on the fifth business day following the date of the annual stockholders’ meeting at which directors are elected. The number of shares subject to the RSA is determined by dividing the value of the award by the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The RSA vests and becomes non- forfeitable as to 100% of the underlying shares on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the date of the next annual stockholders’ meeting (so long as the period between the date of the annual stockholders’ meeting related to the grant date and the date of the next annual stockholders’ meeting is not less than 50 weeks), subject to the director’s continued service from the grant date until the vesting date, or upon the earlier occurrence of the director’s termination of service as a director by reason of death or disability or upon a change in control of the Company. In the event of the director’s termination of service for any other reason, the director forfeits the RSA immediately. The RSA is subject to the terms and conditions of the Regional Management Corp. 2015 Long- Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective May 20, 2021 and further amended February 17, 2022) (the “2015 Plan”) and an RSA agreement, the form of which was previously approved by the Compensation Committee and the Board and filed with the SEC. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Under the 2015 Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards granted during any 12-month period to a non-employee director, taken together with any cash fees paid during such 12-month period to such non-employee director in respect of Board service, may not exceed $600,000 in total value (calculating the value of any such awards based on the fair market value per share of common stock on the grant date of the award). In the event that the service of a director as a director, committee member, or Board or committee chair commences or terminates during the director’s annual service to us, the director’s cash compensation will be adjusted on a pro-rata basis. Annual service relates to the approximately 12-month period between our annual meetings of stockholders. Each director is also reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with his or her service on our Board, including the cost of attending continuing education seminars related to corporate board of directors service and other topics relevant to the Company. The following table provides information regarding the compensation paid to each of our non-employee directors for their service as non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Name Philip Bancroft(3) Jonathan D. Brown Roel C. Campos Maria Contreras-Sweet Michael R. Dunn Steven J. Freiberg Sandra K. Johnson Carlos Palomares __________ Fees Earned or Paid in Cash(1) ($) 88,743 80,434 101,723 92,824 89,334 98,232 89,334 114,760 Stock Awards(2) ($) 171,800 118,739 136,211 127,498 127,498 136,211 127,498 152,464 Total ($) 260,543 199,173 237,934 220,322 216,832 234,443 216,832 267,224 (1) (2) The amount paid in cash includes the relevant cash retainers described above plus cash payments pursuant to the vesting of dividend equivalent rights held by the directors. On May 26, 2022, in accordance with the non-employee director compensation program outlined above, we awarded all of the Company’s non-employee directors shares of restricted common stock in the following amounts: Mr. Bancroft, 2,908 Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 19 shares; Mr. Brown, 2,535 shares; Mr. Campos, 2,908 shares; Ms. Contreras-Sweet, 2,722 shares; Mr. Dunn, 2,722 shares; Mr. Freiberg, 2,908 shares; Dr. Johnson, 2,722 shares; and Mr. Palomares, 3,255 shares. These annual RSAs vest on the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the date of the next annual stockholders’ meeting (so long as the period between the date of the annual stockholders’ meeting related to the grant date and the date of the next annual stockholders’ meeting is not less than 50 weeks), subject to continued service of the director until the vesting date or as otherwise provided in the award agreement. Amounts shown are the aggregate grant date fair value of stock awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718. (3) The compensation shown in the table reflects pro-rated amounts for Mr. Bancroft as a result of his appointment to the Board, Audit Committee, and Risk Committee on January 26, 2022. The total number of shares subject to RSAs held by each of our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2022 was: Mr. Bancroft, 2,908 shares; Mr. Brown, 2,535 shares; Mr. Campos, 2,908 shares; Ms. Contreras-Sweet, 2,722 shares; Mr. Dunn, 2,722 shares; Mr. Freiberg, 2,908 shares; Dr. Johnson, 2,722 shares; and Mr. Palomares, 3,255 shares. The total number of shares subject to non-qualified stock options held by each of our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2022 was: Mr. Campos, 14,670 shares; Mr. Freiberg, 17,941 shares; and Mr. Palomares, 18,670 shares. As of December 31, 2022, Mr. Bancroft, Mr. Brown, Ms. Contreras-Sweet, Mr. Dunn, and Dr. Johnson had no option awards outstanding. The outstanding equity awards held by Mr. Beck as of December 31, 2022 are set forth in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table that is presented elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. Currently, our director stock ownership requirement is 5x the annual cash retainer. As of December 31, 2022 all directors were in compliance with our stock ownership guidelines. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 20 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) EXECUTIVE OFFICERS The following is a brief description of the background, business experience, and certain other information regarding each of our executive officers: Robert W. Beck (age 59) has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a director of Regional since March 2020. From July 2019 until March 2020, Mr. Beck served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Regional. Mr. Beck’s full biographical information is set forth above under “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters – Current Directors and Director Nominees.” Harpreet Rana (age 51) has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Regional since November 2020. Ms. Rana has 20 years of financial services experience, with extensive skills related to capital and credit management, driving profitable portfolio growth, digital product development and transformation, and retail banking management. From 2016 through 2020, Ms. Rana was Managing Director, North America Retail Bank at Citigroup. From 2013 through 2015, she held various additional lead positions in business and finance roles at Citigroup, including Head of US Retail Deposit & Lending Products. Ms. Rana received her B.A. from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and her M.B.A. from the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. John D. Schachtel (age 61) has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Regional since May 2017. Mr. Schachtel has more than 35 years of experience in consumer financial services. From 2013 until 2016, Mr. Schachtel was the Chief Operating Officer of OneMain Financial Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as CitiFinancial). As Chief Operating Officer of OneMain Financial, Mr. Schachtel’s responsibilities included management and oversight of sales, field operations, marketing, and collections. Since March 2017, Mr. Schachtel has also served as a member of the Board of Directors of SilverSun Technologies, Inc., a publicly traded business application, technology, and consulting company. He serves as the chairman of SilverSun’s compensation committee and its nominating and corporate governance committee, as well as a member of its audit committee. He received his M.B.A. in Finance from New York University and his B.S. degree in Industrial Engineering and Economics from Northwestern University. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Brian J. Fisher (age 39) has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer since September 2020. Between January 2013 and September 2020, Mr. Fisher served as General Counsel and Secretary of Regional. Prior to joining Regional, Mr. Fisher was an attorney in the Corporate and Securities practice group of Womble Carlyle Sandridge and Rice, LLP (now known as Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP) from 2009 to 2013. Mr. Fisher holds a B.A. degree in Economics from Furman University and a J.D. degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law. Manish Parmar (age 45) has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer of Regional since January 2020. Mr. Parmar has 20 years of credit and financial experience across a broad range of functions, including credit risk, analytics, financial partnerships, database marketing, and modeling. Prior to joining Regional, Mr. Parmar was Chief Credit and Analytics Officer at Conn’s, Inc., a publicly traded specialty retailer, since 2018. Prior to his tenure at Conn’s, Mr. Parmar held several senior management roles at Discover Financial Services from 2013 to 2018, ultimately becoming its Head of Consumer Credit Risk Management. Mr. Parmar received a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering from the University of Mumbai in India, and his M.B.A. from Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston. Catherine R. Atwood (age 40) has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary of Regional since September 2020. Prior to September 2020, Ms. Atwood served as VP, Deputy General Counsel, and Chief Compliance Officer since May 2017. From August 2014 (when she joined Regional) until May 2017, she served as Deputy General Counsel. Prior to joining Regional, Ms. Atwood was an attorney in the Business Litigation practice group of Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP (now known as Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP) from 2008 to 2014. Ms. Atwood holds a B.A. degree in Political Science from Clemson University and a J.D. degree from the University of Georgia School of Law. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 21 COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The following discussion of the compensation arrangements of our executive officers should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures contained elsewhere in this Proxy Statement. Actual compensation programs that we adopt following the date of this Proxy Statement may differ materially from the existing and currently planned programs summarized in this discussion. Executive Summary of Compensation Programs Company Performance and Business Highlights in 2022 In 2022, we produced strong operating and financial results in a year challenged by credit normalization, inflationary pressures, and a rising interest rate environment. We grew our total revenue by 18% from 2021, while also adjusting to the changing credit environment in real-time, focusing on our highest confidence originations. Net income for 2022 was $51.2 million and diluted EPS was $5.30. • • • Loan Portfolio Growth and Increased Revenues: In 2022, we grew our net finance receivables by $273 million, or 19%, to an all-time high of $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2022. Our receivables growth in turn fueled record revenue of $507 million in 2022, up 18% from 2021. Achievement of Strategic Goals: Despite the challenging economic environment, we made significant progress during the year in executing on our long-term growth strategy. We expanded our footprint across the nation, commencing operations in five new states – Mississippi, California, Indiana, Louisiana, and Idaho. In addition, we completed the rollout of our second-generation custom underwriting scorecard, which evaluates over 5,000 attributes and has more complex segmentation that we believe allows us to further finetune our underwriting strategies, make better credit decisions at the margin, and ultimately improve our credit loss experience. Strong Capital Management and Return of Excess Capital: In the first quarter of 2022, we increased our quarterly dividend by 20% to $0.30 per share, and we continued to successfully return excess capital in the form of dividends totaling $11 million for the year. We also ended the year with a strong balance sheet with over $555 million of unused borrowing capacity and $101 million of available liquidity from which to fund our growth and operations. As of the end of 2022, 88% of our debt was fixed rate, with a weighted-average coupon of 3.6% and weighted average revolving duration of 2.1 years. Throughout 2022, we also delivered strong results and benefits to our other stakeholders, including our customers, team members, and communities. • • • For Our Customers: We continued to execute on our vision of delivering a best-in-class customer experience and a basket of useful, accessible, easily understood financial solutions that serve their evolving needs and support their long- term financial wellbeing. We enhanced our digital prequalification experience, expanded our auto-secured loan product, and introduced our valuable credit solutions to millions of new consumers in five new states. At the same time, we improved the financial wellbeing of our customers, including through our graduation programs. In 2022, we refinanced nearly 35,000 of our customers’ small loans into large loans, representing $203 million in finance receivables at origination, and reducing these customers’ average APR from 42.2% to 30.2%. For Our Team Members: We rolled out new recruitment and retention strategies benefiting all team members, offered new and improved health and wellness benefits, continued our diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts, and introduced new and improved training opportunities, including through the utilization of eLearning modules, classroom training, hands-on exercises, branch training, webinars, and assessments focused on operating policies and procedures, as well as several key compliance areas. To ensure that we provide a rewarding experience for our employees, we engage independent third parties to conduct periodic employee engagement surveys, enabling us to regularly measure organizational culture and engagement and to improve upon the employee experience, which in turn drives a superior customer experience. For Our Communities: We continued to make a positive community impact through Regional Reach, an employee-led program dedicated to creating social change and goodwill through community service, charitable giving, and diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. We partnered with a number of charitable organizations, including the American Heart Association, the Hope Center for Children, Harvest Hope, and Meals on Wheels, to provide resources and support to these worthy programs. In addition, we have partnered with Jump Start – Financial Smarts for Students, United Way, and Junior Achievement to provide financial education and literacy support to youth and those in need of financial support. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 22 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) For more information on our environmental, social, and governance efforts, you may visit our Corporate Responsibility page at www.regionalfinance.com/corporate-responsibility/. The information accessible through our Corporate Responsibility page is not incorporated by reference into and is not part of this Proxy Statement. We are pleased with our strong operating and financial results in 2022, and we believe that the compensation paid to our named executive officers (or our “NEOs”) for 2022 appropriately reflects and rewards their contributions to our performance. Compensation Program Highlights in 2022 Consistent with prior years, our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2022 Annual Meeting”) included a proposal that provided our stockholders with the opportunity to vote to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of our NEOs. We were pleased to report substantial stockholder approval of our NEOs’ compensation, with over 94% of voted shares having been voted in favor of approval. The Compensation Committee considered this strong support in making compensation decisions after the 2022 Annual Meeting. As in all previous years, our Compensation Committee carefully reviewed our executive compensation program to ensure that its design continued to achieve our intended objectives and reflect executive compensation “best practices.” In 2022, our Compensation Committee, in consultation with our independent compensation consultant, Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc. (“FW Cook”), conducted a review of the design of our long-term incentive program. Based on this review, the Compensation Committee determined to adopt a new, simplified long-term incentive program for our executive officers. Similar to the 2021 long-term incentive program, the design of the 2022 program is intended to directly align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders, to give our executive officers a strong incentive to maximize stockholder returns on a long-term basis, and to aid in our recruitment and retention of key executive talent necessary to ensure our continued success. To that end, the 2022 long-term incentive program provides for the delivery of long-term incentive awards through a combination of two award vehicles: (i) Performance Restricted Stock Units (“PRSUs”), a performance-based award with a three-year performance period; and (ii) Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”), a time-based award with a three-year vesting schedule. The PRSU award is the new element of our long-term incentive program, and it rewards executives for total shareholder return to stockholders through the Company’s stock price appreciation and declared dividends. The new long-term incentive program is discussed in more detail below. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) With regard to the annual incentive program, the Compensation Committee determined not to make any material changes in 2022. In the first quarter of 2022, the Compensation Committee reviewed the target total direct compensation for all NEOs. In light of our strong operating performance and the record stock price achieved in 2021, as well as each executive officer’s demonstrated leadership and maturation in his or her role, the Compensation Committee determined to increase the total direct compensation of our named executive officers through a combination of base salary increases and long-term incentive opportunity. The total direct compensation increases for our named executive officers in 2022 ranged from 3% to 21%, which reflects the strong performance and leadership demonstrated by executives and were intended to position overall target total direct compensation levels within the market median range. In making all determinations related to 2022 executive compensation, our Compensation Committee received advice from its independent compensation consultant FW Cook. The Compensation Committee did not make any adjustments to base salary or individual target annual incentive compensation for 2023, and at this time, the Compensation Committee has not yet acted to establish the parameters of our long-term incentive program for 2023. Compensation Program Best Practices We compensate our executive officers primarily through a mix of base salary, performance-based annual cash awards, and service- and performance-based long-term incentive awards. Consistent with our pay-for-performance philosophy, a substantial portion of our executives’ compensation is at risk and linked to the successful performance and management of our company, as measured against rigorous performance goals established by our Compensation Committee. Our 2022 executive compensation program included a number of best compensation practices, including the following: ✓ Alignment of executive pay with company performance: o o 2022 incentives are largely performance-contingent, with long-term incentive awards roughly one-half performance-contingent and annual incentive awards entirely performance-contingent Performance goals are rigorous and are based almost exclusively on objective, quantitative criteria ! Quantitative 2022 annual incentive performance goals were largely achieved, resulting in annual bonus payments at just over 60% of target bonuses with slight variations based on the executive’s individual contributions, as described in more detail below Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 23 ! Our compound annual growth rates (“CAGR”) of pre-provision net income and pre-provision earnings per share between 2020 and 2022 ranked in the 75th and 81st percentiles, respectively, of our peer group, contributing to the payment of 145% of target performance-contingent restricted stock units and target cash-settled performance units under the performance-contingent awards associated with the 2020 long- term incentive program Competitive compensation and incentive program target opportunities for our executives in order to continue to align their overall compensation with the market for executive talent Variable short-term incentive payout opportunities to provide upside if performance goals are exceeded, while paying low or no bonus amounts if goals are not achieved Focus on long-term stockholder value goals through long-term incentive grants to NEOs and other key contributors, which include a significant portion that is contingent upon the achievement of absolute total shareholder return goals over a three-year period No payment of excessive perquisites to any NEO or other key employee No excise tax gross-up payments to any NEO or other key employee Double-trigger change-in-control provisions included in all employment agreements and long-term incentive award agreements Prohibition against re-pricing of equity incentive awards without stockholder approval under our 2015 Plan Stock Ownership and Retention Policy for NEOs and directors (5x base salary for CEO, 2x base salary for other NEOs, and 5x annual cash retainer for directors) Compensation Recoupment Policy, or “clawback policy,” for NEOs and other key employees Prohibition against hedging and pledging, as set forth in our Code of Ethics and our Stock Ownership and Retention Policy Compensation program overseen by an independent Compensation Committee with input from an independent compensation consultant ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Aligning Pay with Performance We believe that a substantial portion of our executive officers’ compensation should be tied to their performance and the short- and long-term financial and operating results of our company. We originally developed our long-term incentive program in 2014 in consultation with our independent compensation consultant at the time, and we developed the 2022 long-term incentive program in consultation with our current independent compensation consultant FW Cook. We believe that the evolution of our long-term incentive program since 2014 has been critical to our ability to link our executives’ pay with the performance of our company, align our executives’ interests with those of our stockholders, and remain competitive in the marketplace for executive talent. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 24 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Our executive compensation program embodies our pay-for-performance philosophy and closely ties the interests of our key executives to those of our stockholders. We heavily weight our executive officers’ compensation in performance-based short- and long-term incentive awards that are designed to reward exceptional performance. The following table describes the program design for each element of our incentive-based pay in 2022. Pay Elements Program Design Annual Incentive Program Long-Term Incentive Program • Consists entirely of performance-based cash awards: o Metrics include net income from operations, average finance receivables, net credit losses as a percentage of average finance receivables, return on assets, total general and administrative expense as a percentage of total revenue, and an analysis by our Compensation Committee of our executives’ execution against short-term strategic objectives • Motivates our executives and brings total cash opportunities to competitive levels • Upside opportunity for high performance, but with a challenging threshold • Consists of performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”): o Vesting of PRSUs is based on total return to stockholders through the Company’s stock price appreciation and declared dividends with absolute cumulative total shareholder return over a three-year performance period as the sole performance metric o Roughly one-half of grant date fair value is in the form of performance awards o RSAs vest in three equal annual installments, subject to continued employment • Provides strong incentive to meet or exceed long-term financial and strategic goals that align with long-term stockholder interests, and is utilized to attract, retain, and motivate executive talent (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) The compensation packages of our Chief Executive Officer and our other NEOs are closely aligned with performance. For 2022, the majority of compensation was variable and performance-based: Note: The Other NEO target pay mix set forth above is the average for Ms. Rana and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar. The presentation excludes perquisites, which are an immaterial component of our executives’ compensation. Results of Short- and Long-Term Incentive Programs Our annual incentive program provides our executives with the opportunity to earn performance-based annual cash awards pursuant to our Annual Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Annual Incentive Plan”). The achievement and payment of annual cash awards in 2022 was tied directly to our financial and operational performance, based primarily (85%) on clearly defined, objective performance measures and, to a lesser extent (15%), on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its short-term strategic objectives. For 2022, our executive officers were paid between 60.6% and 61.4% of Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 25 their target annual bonuses under our Annual Incentive Plan as a result of our strong financial and operating results, as well as the management team’s successful navigation of the challenging macroeconomic environment, significant improvements made to our technology infrastructure, continued strong execution on funding initiatives, advancements in our diversity, equity, and inclusion programs, maintenance of strong internal controls, and progress on our digital initiatives. In 2020, our long-term incentive program provided for the delivery of long-term incentive awards through a combination of four award vehicles: (i) non-qualified stock options, (ii) restricted stock awards, (iii) performance-contingent restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and (iv) cash-settled performance units. Vesting of each of the performance-contingent awards was subject to, among other things, the achievement of performance objectives over a three-year performance period that began on January 1, 2020 and ended on December 31, 2022. Vesting of the performance-contingent RSUs and cash-settled performance units granted in 2020 was based primarily (90%) on our CAGRs of pre-provision net income (in the case of the performance-contingent RSUs) and pre-provision basic earnings per share (in the case of the cash-settled performance units) compared to our peer group over the three-year performance period, and to a lesser extent (10%) on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its long-term strategic objectives over the same time period. In April 2023, as described in greater detail later in this Proxy Statement, based upon results achieved during the performance period, our Compensation Committee determined that Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar earned 145% of their target performance-contingent RSUs and cash-settled performance units, reflecting top quartile performance as compared to our peer group for the three-year period. Stockholder Outreach and Engagement Stockholder outreach is a central feature of our investor relations philosophy. We provide numerous opportunities for current and prospective stockholders to gain access to our management team through attendance at investor conferences, one-on-one in- person meetings, and telephone calls. Through these interactions, we are able to educate current and prospective investors about our company, learn about concerns of stockholders, and provide investors with a better understanding of our business model and philosophy. We also receive valuable feedback from investors on topics including strategy, corporate governance, and compensation, which the Board and management take into consideration in making future business and compensation decisions. Since our 2022 Annual Meeting, we reached out to institutional investors owning more than 67% of our outstanding common stock (as of September 30, 2022), specifically for the purpose of receiving their feedback regarding executive compensation practices and corporate governance matters. Based on the feedback received, we have made and expect to continue to make certain changes to our compensation and corporate governance practices and disclosures. For example, in the past, certain investors requested that we increase the percentage of independent directors on our Board and improve the gender diversity of our Board. In response, in 2018, we added two new independent directors and adopted a Board Diversity Policy (see “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters – Board Diversity”). Independent directors now hold 78% of our Board seats, 44% of the current Board is racially or ethnically diverse, and we have added two female directors since 2018. We expect to continue our stockholder outreach, including by making ourselves available to hear stockholder feedback regarding executive compensation and corporate governance practices. Compensation Objectives and Approaches Compensation Program Objectives The primary objectives of our executive compensation program are to attract and retain talented executives to effectively manage and lead our company and to create long-term stockholder value. The compensation packages for our executive officers for 2022 generally included a base salary, performance-based annual cash awards, service- and performance-based long-term incentive awards, and other benefits. Our current compensation program for our executive officers has been designed based on our view that each component of executive compensation should be set at levels that attract and retain skilled executives, within reasonable parameters, and that are fair and equitable in light of market practices. Base salaries are intended to provide a minimum, fixed level of cash compensation sufficient to attract and retain an effective management team when considered in combination with other components of our executive compensation program. The base salary element is meant to provide our executive officers with a stable income stream that is commensurate with their responsibilities and to compensate them for services rendered during the fiscal year. Consistent with our pay-for-performance strategy, our performance-based Annual Incentive Plan is customized to achieve specific objectives, reward increased levels of operational success, and place emphasis on appropriate levels of performance measurement. The key goals addressed by our Annual Incentive Plan include (1) achievement of short-term financial and operational objectives, (2) increased stockholder value, (3) motivation and attraction of key management talent, (4) rewarding key contributors for performance against established criteria, and (5) focusing on our pay-for-performance compensation strategy. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 26 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Our long-term incentive program, which for 2022 included PRSUs and RSAs, operates in tandem with our annual incentive program and is consistent with our pay-for-performance strategy. These long-term incentives generally are intended to create (1) a strong sense of ownership, (2) focus on achievement of long-term, strategic business objectives, (3) an enhanced linkage between the interests of our executives and stockholders, (4) an enhanced relationship between pay and performance, and (5) an incentive to attract and retain superior employees. Long-term incentive program awards are issued under our 2015 Plan. The discussion below includes a review of our compensation program for 2022. Our NEOs for 2022 were: Robert W. Beck President and Chief Executive Officer Harpreet Rana Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer John D. Schachtel Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Brian J. Fisher Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer Manish Parmar Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer Compensation Determination Process The Compensation Committee reviews and approves the compensation determinations for all of our executive officers, taking into consideration the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer for executive officers other than himself. In setting an executive officer’s compensation package and the relative allocation among different types of compensation, we consider the nature of the position, the scope of associated responsibilities, and the individual’s prior experience and skills, as well as the compensation of our existing executive officers and our general impressions of prevailing conditions in the market for executive talent. Engagement and Use of an Independent Compensation Consultant The Compensation Committee has the authority to hire outside advisors and experts, including compensation consultants, to assist it with director and executive officer compensation determinations. Since 2014, the Compensation Committee has partnered with an independent compensation consultant to provide guidance related to our executive compensation program, and in early 2021, the Compensation Committee engaged FW Cook as our current independent compensation consultant. We utilize FW Cook to better ensure that our compensation practices are appropriate for our industry, to review and to make recommendations with respect to executive officer and director cash and equity compensation, and to update our peer group, in each case for the Compensation Committee’s use in setting compensation. FW Cook’s recommendations to the Compensation Committee have generally been in the form of suggested compensation ranges or descriptions of policies that FW Cook currently considers “best practice” in our industry and for publicly-traded companies. The Compensation Committee uses FW Cook’s reports to further its understanding of executive officer cash and equity compensation practices in the market. During 2022, FW Cook worked only for the Compensation Committee and performed no additional services for the Company or any of our executive officers. The Compensation Committee Chair approved all work performed by FW Cook. During 2022, the Compensation Committee and the Company did not use the services of any other compensation consultant. Our Compensation Committee assessed the independence of FW Cook, taking into account the factors set forth in NYSE rules, among other things. Our Compensation Committee has concluded that no conflict of interest exists with respect to the work FW Cook performed or performs, as applicable, for our Compensation Committee and FW Cook is independent under NYSE rules. Establishment and Use of a Peer Group We generally monitor compensation practices in the markets where we compete for executive talent to obtain an overview of market practices and to ensure that we make informed decisions on executive pay packages. For 2022 compensation decisions, we reviewed the compensation awarded by a peer group of publicly-traded companies. In addition, as described in greater detail below, the vesting of certain of our executives’ long-term incentive awards is determined based upon our financial performance compared to the financial performance of our peer group over a three-year performance period. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 27 At the outset of 2022, based upon prior peer group reviews conducted with the assistance of FW Cook, our peer group consisted of the following companies: • • • • • • America’s Car-Mart, Inc. Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. Credit Acceptance Corp. CURO Group Holdings Corp. ECN Capital Corp. Elevate Credit, Inc. • • • • • • Enova International, Inc. EZCORP, Inc. Goeasy Ltd. Green Dot Corporation LendingClub Corporation Marlin Business Services Corp. • • • • • Medallion Financial Corp. Nicholas Financial, Inc. OneMain Holdings, Inc. Oportun Financial Corp. World Acceptance Corporation As of the time that the Compensation Committee approved our 2022 peer group, we were in the 2nd quartile of the peer group based on revenue and market capitalization, and we were in the 3rd quartile of the peer group based on net income. In the fourth quarter of 2022, with assistance from FW Cook, we updated our peer group using a scorecard-based approach that involved applying several filters (e.g., similar in size, similar in industry classification, strong financial health, presence of overlapping peers, and identification as a peer by a proxy advisory firm) and selecting the most qualified peer companies from a broader list of candidates. Based on the evaluation, our Compensation Committee determined to remove two companies from our peer group: (i) Marlin Business Services Corp. (due to the fact that the company went private in January 2022); and (ii) Nicholas Financial, Inc. (due to its small size). The Compensation Committee also determined to add LendingTree, Inc. to our peer group because certain proxy advisory firms have identified that company as a peer of Regional, it is a prevalent peer of the Company’s current peer companies, and it is in a similar industry. As a result, our new peer group for 2023 consists of the following companies: • • • • • • America’s Car-Mart, Inc. Consumer Portfolio Services, Inc. Credit Acceptance Corp. CURO Group Holdings Corp. ECN Capital Corp. Elevate Credit, Inc. • • • • • • Enova International, Inc. EZCORP, Inc. Goeasy Ltd. Green Dot Corporation LendingClub Corporation LendingTree, Inc. • • • • Medallion Financial Corp. OneMain Holdings, Inc. Oportun Financial Corp. World Acceptance Corporation As of the time that the Compensation Committee approved our new peer group, we were in the 1st quartile of the peer group based on revenue, in the 2nd quartile of the peer group based on market capitalization, and in the 3rd quartile of the peer group based on net income. These peer companies are largely within the consumer finance or specialty finance industries, are similar in size and/or scope to Regional, and/or are companies that Regional competes against for products, services, and human capital. Some companies included in our peer group will meet some, but not all, of these criteria. For example, OneMain Holdings, Inc. (doing business as OneMain Financial) is larger than us, but it competes directly with us in the consumer finance industry both for customers and for human capital. As a result, despite being a larger company, we believe it is important to include OneMain in our peer group to ensure that we maintain awareness of our direct competition, which will assist in our efforts to retain talented executives and other employees. However, in setting compensation levels for our executive officers, as noted below, our Compensation Committee remains cognizant that OneMain and certain other of our peer companies are larger than us. Consistent with our compensation objectives of attracting and retaining top executive talent, we believe that the base salaries and performance-based short- and long-term incentive compensation of our executive officers should be set at levels which are competitive with our peer group companies of comparable size, although we do not target any specific pay percentile for our executive officers. The peer group is used more as a general guide, being mindful of the following: • • • Appropriate base salaries for our executive officers should generally be in line with those paid by peer group companies of comparable size. Performance-based short- and long-term incentive awards should reward exceptional performance, which can result in overall compensation that can exceed those of peer group companies of comparable size. Actual total compensation for executive officers may approach the higher end of the compensation at such peer group companies of comparable size, but only if high levels of short- and long-term performance are achieved. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 28 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Elements of Compensation Each executive officer is eligible to receive a balance of variable and fixed compensation. The following table describes the various forms of compensation used in 2022: Pay Elements Component(s) Rationale for Form of Compensation Base Salary • Cash • To attract and retain executive talent • To provide a fixed base of compensation generally aligned to peer group levels • Performance-based annual cash bonus • To drive the achievement of key business Short-Term Incentive results on an annual basis • To recognize individual executives based on their specific and measurable contributions • To structure a meaningful amount of at-risk, performance-based annual compensation • Performance-based long-term incentives: • To drive the sustainable achievement of key o PRSUs • Service-based long-term incentives: o RSAs Long-Term Incentive long-term business results • To align the interests of executives with stockholders • To structure a meaningful amount of at-risk, performance-based long-term compensation • To attract, retain, and motivate executive talent Base Salary Annual base salaries are established on the basis of market conditions at the time we hire an executive, as well as by taking into account the particular executive’s level of qualifications, experience, duties, and responsibilities. The Compensation Committee reviews the base salaries of our executive officers annually, and any subsequent modifications to annual base salaries are made in consideration of the appropriateness of each executive officer’s compensation, both individually and relative to the other executive officers, the individual performance of each executive officer, changes in duties and responsibilities, and any significant changes in market conditions. We do not apply specific formulas to determine increases. The Compensation Committee approved NEO annual base salaries adjustments from 2021 to 2022 as described in the following table. Annual base salaries are pro-rated for any partial year. Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar 2021 Base Salary 640,000 400,000 428,000 400,000 352,000 $ $ $ $ $ 2022 Base Salary 660,000 420,000 441,000 412,000 363,000 $ $ $ $ $ % Increase in Base Salary 3.1% 5.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% In December 2021, following a total compensation analysis conducted by FW Cook, the Compensation Committee increased each executive officer’s base salary, effective January 1, 2022, in order to reflect the growth of the Company and strong executive performance and leadership, better align their base salaries with those paid by peer companies, and to bring executive total direct compensation toward the median of our peer group. Following these increases in 2022, our executive officers’ base salaries ranged between the 28th and 64th percentile relative to comparable executive officers at peer companies. The Compensation Committee did not make any increases to NEO base salaries for 2023. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 29 Our Compensation Committee believes that it has set base salaries at appropriate levels to attract and retain effective executives and that base salaries, when combined with short- and long-term incentives, are an important component of a holistic compensation approach. Performance-Based Annual Cash Awards Our executive officers are eligible for performance-based annual cash awards linked to performance targets set by our Compensation Committee. Our annual incentive program is designed to drive achievement of annual corporate goals, including key financial and operating results and strategic goals that create long-term stockholder value. Components of Annual Incentive Program The awards for 2022 were based primarily (85%) on our performance with respect to the metrics in the following table. The metrics in the table below drive the overall performance of our business from year to year and are balanced elements of our historical financial success. Performance Metric What It Measures Rationale for Metric Net Income from Operations Profitability Return on Assets Efficiency of Profitability • Measures the effectiveness of our management team’s execution of our strategic and operational plans • Reflects business variables and factors that are within management’s control or are influenced by decisions made by executives • Measures the effectiveness of our management team’s utilization of assets to generate earnings • Holds management accountable for growing the loan portfolio in a controlled and profitable manner Average Finance Receivables Net Credit Losses as a Percentage of Average Finance Receivables Total General and Administrative Expense as a Percentage of Total Revenue Loan Portfolio Growth • Measures our ability to grow our business • Measures the control our management team exerts on our loan portfolio Loan Portfolio Control • Ultimately a measure of the quality of underwriting policies and decisions and the effectiveness of collection efforts • When combined with our average finance receivables measure, balances attractive growth with effective portfolio control Expense Control • Measures the effectiveness with which our management team utilizes our corporate resources and minimizes our corporate expenses The remaining 15% of the 2022 annual incentive awards was based on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its short-term strategic objectives, which are consistent with our Board-approved financial and business plans for the Company. In light of ongoing, significant strategic projects and initiatives, our Compensation Committee believes that it is important to appropriately incentivize the achievement of strategic objectives (which often cannot be measured quantitatively) by linking their achievement (and the quality thereof) to our executives’ compensation. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 30 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) 2022 Annual Incentive Program Performance Targets, Results, and Payouts For 2022, the following table provides detail regarding the threshold, target, and maximum levels of performance set by the Compensation Committee for each performance metric, the weighting applied to each metric, our actual annual performance pursuant to each metric, and the percentage payout for each metric and in total. For 2022, the Compensation Committee decided to meaningfully increase the required levels of performance under the annual incentive program in order for bonuses to be earned, resulting in rigorous performance thresholds. For example, the target performance requirement for net income from operations increased more than 64% from 2021 to 2022, and the target return on assets metric increased from 3.71% to 4.50%. For each metric, as in prior years, a threshold level of performance must have been exceeded in order to earn any award, and each executive is eligible to earn up to 150% of his or her target award based upon the achievement of the performance goals established by the Compensation Committee. In calculating actual performance for each metric in the 2022 annual incentive program, the Compensation Committee adjusted for the impacts of a $27.1 million non-performing loan sale which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2022, which would have likely been written off in early 2023. As a result of the loan sale, net income was negatively impacted by $2.7 million primarily due to revenue reversals of $2.2 million and an increase to provision for credit losses of $1.3 million. The loan sale resulted in additional net credit losses of $13.1 million and a reduction to the allowance for credit losses of $11.8 million. Adjusting for these impacts increased the 2022 annual incentive program payout by only 1.9%. The 2023 annual incentive program performance targets are likewise adjusted to account for this timing issue. Performance Metric Net Income from Operations Return on Assets Average Finance Receivables Net Credit Losses G&A Expense Percentage (Revenue) Qualitative Performance Component Total Threshold Performance $ 49,602,434 3.80% Target Performance $ 70,860,620 4.50% Maximum Performance $ 85,032,744 5.20% Actual Performance $ 53,879,468 3.45% $1,363,354,200 $1,514,838,000 $1,666,321,800 $1,532,052,096 9.80% 48.30% N/A 8.54% 44.89% N/A 7.30% 41.50% N/A 9.96% 43.69% N/A Percentage Percentage Payout Weight 15.0% 25.0% — 20.0% 15.8% 15.0% — 15.0% 11.8% 10.0% 15.0% *See below 100.0% *See below (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) *Qualitative Performance Percentage based on individual performance, as set forth below. Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Individual Qualitative Performance % Achievement 125% 125% 120% 120% 125% As described above, 15% of the total annual incentive program award opportunity is linked to our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its short-term strategic objectives. For 2022, our Compensation Committee elected to pay 125% of this award opportunity to Ms. Rana and Messrs. Beck and Parmar and 120% of this award opportunity to Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher. The qualitative performance percentage was based on, among other things, the achievement of the following strategic objectives: • The management team’s successful navigation of challenging macroeconomic events, including rising interest rates and inflationary pressure; Significant improvements made to our technology infrastructure; Continued strong execution on funding initiatives; Advancements in our diversity, equity, and inclusion programs; • • • • Maintenance of strong internal controls; and • Progress on our digital initiatives. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 31 Target annual incentive levels and actual performance-based annual cash awards for each of our NEOs for 2022 are detailed below, based upon the 61.4% (for Ms. Rana and Messrs. Beck and Parmar) and 60.6% (for Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher) performance achievement detailed above. Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar 2022 Eligible Base Salary 660,000 420,000 441,000 412,000 363,000 $ $ $ $ $ 2022 Target Award as % of Salary 150% 100% 100% 100% 100% Target Award 990,000 420,000 441,000 412,000 363,000 $ $ $ $ $ Actual Award 607,860 257,880 267,246 249,672 222,882 $ $ $ $ $ The target award percentages described above were determined by the Compensation Committee and are calibrated so that the total compensation opportunity for each executive officer is commensurate with that executive’s role and responsibilities with us. If an executive voluntarily terminates his or her employment during the performance year, he or she generally is ineligible to receive payment of a performance-based annual cash award. Annual Incentive Program Opportunities in 2023 In February 2023, our Compensation Committee determined that the 2023 annual incentive program should be adjusted in the following ways: • • In order to remove the link between provisioning for credit losses and pay, which can create volatility and incentivize behavior that is inconsistent with the Company’s best interest, the Compensation Committee determined to replace net income from operations and return on assets with pre-provision net income from operations and pre-provision return on assets, respectively. The percentage weight of the financial performance metrics has been adjusted to provide equal weighting at 15% for each of the following metrics: (i) pre-provision net income from operations; (ii) pre-provision return on assets; (iii) average finance receivables; (iv) net credit losses; and (v) general and administrative expense. The qualitative component of the annual incentive program was increased to 25% in order to focus executive officers on the successful execution of strategic priorities that drive stockholder value and may not be fully reflected in current year financial results, including but not limited to the following goals: (i) drive positive change in the organization; (ii) demonstrate proactive leadership; (iii) instill a culture of compliance and maintenance of internal controls; (iv) develop and retain talent; and (v) promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. Target 2023 incentive levels for each of our NEOs, as established by our Compensation Committee, are described in the table below. The Compensation Committee did not increase target award opportunities for 2023. Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar 2023 Base Salary 660,000 420,000 441,000 412,000 363,000 $ $ $ $ $ 2023 Target Award as % of Salary 150% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2023 Target Award 990,000 420,000 441,000 412,000 363,000 $ $ $ $ $ Our Compensation Committee’s goal is to implement a short-term incentive program that is effective in motivating our executives to achieve short-term financial and operational objectives, in furtherance of our pay-for-performance compensation strategy and our long-term strategic plans. Long-Term Incentive Awards Our long-term incentive award grants are intended to directly align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders, to give our executive officers a strong incentive to maximize stockholder returns on a long-term basis, and to aid in our recruitment and retention of key executive talent necessary to ensure our continued success. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 32 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Components of 2022 Long-Term Incentive Program In 2022, our Compensation Committee, in consultation with FW Cook, conducted a review of the design of our long-term incentive program. Based on this review, the Compensation Committee determined to adopt a new, simplified long-term incentive program for our executive officers. The design of the 2022 program is intended to directly align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders, to give our executive officers a strong incentive to maximize stockholder returns on a long- term basis, and to aid in our recruitment and retention of key executive talent necessary to ensure our continued success. In 2022, our long-term incentive program provided for the delivery of long-term incentive awards through a combination of the following two award vehicles: (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) LTI Vehicle Performance Period Weighting Performance Restricted Stock Units A three-year performance period beginning February 17, 2022 and ending December 31, 2024 Approximately one-half of total target award Restricted Stock Awards N/A – Shares vest in three equal annual installments beginning on December 31st of the grant year, subject to continued employment Approximately one-half of total target award The PRSU award is the new element of our long-term incentive program, and it is the performance-contingent award which replaced the performance-contingent restricted stock unit award and the cash-settled performance units in the 2021 long-term incentive program. The PRSU award rewards executives for total shareholder return as measured by the Company’s stock price appreciation and declared dividends. We use absolute cumulative total shareholder return as the sole performance metric for the award because the Compensation Committee believes it is the ultimate measure of the Company’s achievement for its stockholders over the long term. The PRSUs have both upside potential and downside risk based on positive or negative cumulative total shareholder return performance. Vesting of the PRSU award occurs at the end of the performance period, which is December 31, 2024 for the 2022 awards, and vested PRSUs are subject to an additional one-year holding period following the vesting date. Vesting is dependent upon meeting a three-year threshold level of absolute cumulative total shareholder return, and participants are eligible to earn up to 150% of their target award. To earn the target award at the end of the three-year performance period, our stock price (calculated based on the 20-day trading average through the vesting date) plus the value of reinvested dividends paid (“Dividend-Adjusted Ending Price”) must increase by 15% from the 20-day trading average stock price through the grant date. No PRSUs will be earned by executive officers if the cumulative total shareholder return at the end of the three-year performance period is below the threshold performance level, and executive officers cannot earn more than 150% of the number of units granted if performance exceeds the maximum performance level. The following table reflects potential performance and payout percentages. Performance between these points will be linearly interpolated. Performance Payout Performance Level Maximum Target Threshold Dividend-Adjusted Ending Price Above Target +50.0% +25.0% 0.0% (13.0%) (50.0%) <(50.0%) Absolute TSR +72.5% +43.8% +15.0% 0.0% (42.5%) <(42.5%) Shares Earned 150% 125% 100% 87% 50% 0% Value Delivered(1) 259% 180% 115% 87% 29% 0% (1) Assumes PRSUs have an accounting value equal to the share price at grant. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 33 Long-Term Incentive Awards in 2022 Consistent with the parameters of our long-term incentive program described above, we granted the following awards to our NEOs in 2022: Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Name Total 3,000,000 800,000 825,000 675,000 545,000 $ $ $ $ $ 2022 Target Grant Date Value Performance RSUs 1,500,000 400,000 412,500 337,500 272,500 $ $ $ $ $ Restricted Stock 1,500,000 400,000 412,500 337,500 272,500 $ $ $ $ $ Note: The number of shares subject to the performance-contingent PRSU awards is determined by dividing the value of the award by the fair value of each PRSU, calculated on or as close in time as practicable to the grant date of the award using a 20-day average stock price and a Monte Carlo valuation model. The number of shares subject to the RSAs is determined by dividing the value of the award by the closing price per share of common stock on the grant date (rounded down to the nearest whole share). In early 2022, the Compensation Committee established target long-term incentive opportunities for executive officers based on the growth of the company, demonstrated executive performance and leadership, and in order to move executive total direct compensation toward the median of our peer group. Our Compensation Committee believes that our long-term incentive program furthers our pay-for-performance objectives, creates a compelling recruitment and retention tool, appropriately focuses our executives on the achievement of long-term financial and business goals, and strengthens the alignment of our executives’ interests with those of our stockholders. Long-Term Incentive Awards in 2023 Our Compensation Committee has not yet acted to establish all of the parameters of our long-term incentive program for 2023. Due to the recent challenges in the macroeconomic environment, including inflation, rising interest rates, and credit normalization, the Compensation Committee, in conjunction with our independent compensation consultant, is currently evaluating the overall structure of the 2023 long-term incentive program, including appropriate performance measures. It is the Compensation Committee’s goal to ensure that the 2023 structure continues to align with the overall objectives of the Company’s long-term incentive program in the wake of shifting macroeconomic events. The Compensation Committee will continue to work with FW Cook to structure the 2023 long-term incentive program to align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders, to promote our pay-for-performance philosophy, to give our executive officers a strong incentive to maximize stockholder returns on a long-term basis, and to retain executive talent in order to promote our continued success. Our Compensation Committee continues to believe that our long-term incentive program furthers our pay-for-performance objectives, creates a compelling recruitment and retention tool, appropriately focuses our executives on the achievement of long- term financial and business goals, and strengthens the alignment of our executives’ interests with those of our stockholders. 2020 Long-Term Incentive Program Performance Results and Payouts In May 2020, we granted our then-current executive officers long-term incentive awards pursuant to the program described above in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Executive Summary of Compensation Programs – Results of Short- and Long-Term Incentive Programs.” Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar participated in the 2020 long-term incentive program. The three- year performance period established under the 2020 long-term incentive program ended on December 31, 2022. Our CAGRs of pre- provision net income and pre-provision earnings per share compared to our peer group over the performance period were as follows: Performance Measure CAGR of Pre-Provision Net Income CAGR of Pre-Provision Basic EPS Performance at 25th Percentile of Peer Group (17.6%) (16.5%) Performance at 50th Percentile of Peer Group (7.9)% 0.3% Performance at 75th Percentile of Peer Group 11.7% 13.2% Performance of Regional 11.7% 19.6% Our performance at the above levels resulted in the vesting of 150% of the objective criteria units associated with the performance-contingent RSU awards and 150% of the objective criteria units associated with the cash-settled performance unit awards. In calculating the performance of peer companies, the Compensation Committee excluded discontinued operations, Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 34 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) removed one peer company (LendingClub Corporation) due to a material change in its business through a bank acquisition, removed three peer companies (On Deck Capital, Inc., JMP Group LLC, and Marlin Business Services Corp.) because they were acquired by or merged with another company not in the Company’s peer group in October 2020, November 2021, and January 2022, respectively, and used the last four quarters of actual data available for one peer company that merged with a company not in the Company’s peer group in November 2022 (Elevate Credit, Inc.), in each case as disclosed by the peer companies in their public filings. For Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar, our Compensation Committee elected to pay 100% of the qualitative criteria units in recognition of achievements during the three-year performance period, including the continued customization of the loan origination and servicing platform, including for electronic payments and the online customer portal; material improvements in our liquidity profile; the return of capital to our stockholders, including through a recurring dividend program; the expansion of our branch footprint to new states; improvements to our compliance management system and enterprise risk management; the introduction of several talent development initiatives, including company-wide district training branches; the development and launch of the Company’s first ESG website; and those 2022 achievements outlined in “Performance-Based Annual Cash Awards — 2022 Annual Incentive Program Performance Targets, Results, and Payouts” above. Based upon the above results, in April 2023, our Compensation Committee determined that Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar vested in and earned 145% of their total target performance-contingent RSUs and cash-settled performance units under the 2020 long-term incentive program. Since the development of our performance-based long-term incentive program in 2014, the Compensation Committee believes that the results have been appropriately punitive during times of poor performance and appropriately rewarding during times of strong performance. The following table provides information regarding the percentage of the target performance-contingent RSUs and cash-settled performance units vested under our long-term incentive programs since 2014 for our NEOs: Long-Term Incentive Program Award Component Performance-Contingent RSUs Cash-Settled Performance Units 2014 Grant Year 0.0% 0.0% 2015 Grant Year 0.0% 0.0% 2016 Grant Year 116.5% 116.5% 2017 Grant Year 96.6% 126.6% 2018 Grant Year 105.6% 105.6% 2019 Grant Year 95.6% 114.5% 2020 Grant Year 145.0% 145.0% Average Since Program Inception 79.9% 86.9% (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Note: The table presents weighted-average results for each grant year based on each executive’s target and earned award values. Our Compensation Committee believes that vesting at these levels appropriately reflects our operational and financial results over the relevant periods, validates our pay-for-performance strategy, and is supported by our total shareholder return. Perquisites We also provide various other limited perquisites and other personal benefits to our executive officers that are intended to be part of a competitive compensation program. For 2022, these benefits included: • • • Payment of travel expenses on behalf of Ms. Rana and Mr. Schachtel for travel to and from their out-of-state personal residences; Mobile phone allowance payments to Ms. Rana and Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, and Parmar; and Payment of supplemental long-term disability premiums, which is intended, in part, to insure against our severance obligations in the event of a disability termination event under an executive’s employment agreement. We also offer our executive officers benefits that are generally available to all of our employees, including 401(k) plan matching contributions, health insurance, disability insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, paid time off, and the reimbursement of qualified business expenses. The Compensation Committee believes that these benefits are comparable to those offered by other companies that compete with us for executive talent and are consistent with our overall compensation program. Perquisites are not a material part of our compensation program. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 35 Other Compensation Policies, Practices, and Matters Stock Ownership and Retention Policy The Compensation Committee believes that significant ownership of common stock by our executives and directors directly aligns their interests with those of our stockholders and also helps to balance the incentives for risk-taking inherent in equity-based awards made to executives. Under our Stock Ownership and Retention Policy, executives and directors are subject to the following ownership guidelines: Covered Person Chief Executive Officer Other covered employees (including NEOs) Directors Ownership Guideline 5x annual base salary 2x annual base salary 5x annual cash retainer Persons covered by the policy are expected to utilize grants under equity compensation plans to reach the levels of ownership expected by the policy. For purposes of determining whether an individual covered by the policy has satisfied the stock ownership requirements of the policy, eligible equity includes shares of our common stock: (i) owned by the covered individual (including but not limited to stock purchased on the open market), (ii) owned jointly with the covered individual’s spouse and/or dependent children, (iii) owned by the covered individual’s spouse and/or dependent children, (iv) held by a covered individual in a 401(k) plan, if any, (v) purchased under an employee stock purchase plan maintained by the Company, if any, (vi) held in individual brokerage accounts or other custodial accounts or in trust for the benefit of the covered individual or the covered individual’s spouse and/or dependent children, whether acquired through open market purchase or otherwise, (vii) underlying time-based restricted stock, restricted stock units, or similar awards (whether vested or unvested), (viii) subject to vested/earned performance shares, performance units, other performance awards, other stock-based awards, or similar vested/earned awards, and (ix) received upon the exercise of stock options or stock appreciation rights (“SARs”). Eligible equity does not include shares of our common stock: (i) subject to options or SARs or (ii) subject to unvested/unearned performance shares, performance units, or similar awards. The policy also incorporates a retention element requiring such persons to retain 50% of the net shares resulting from the vesting or exercise of equity awards for a minimum of 12 months following the applicable vesting or earning date and until the applicable stock ownership guidelines are met. As of December 31, 2022, all directors and covered employees were in compliance with our stock ownership guidelines. Clawback Policy We have also adopted a Compensation Recoupment Policy, or “clawback policy.” Under the clawback policy, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Accounting Officer, any other person who is an executive officer, and such other persons as may be determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee, may be required to return to us and/or forfeit all or a portion of any cash-based incentive compensation and/or equity-based incentive compensation received by such covered person. Such a return or forfeit is required, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, if (i) compensation is received based on financial statements that are subsequently restated in a way that would decrease the amount of the award to which such person was entitled, (ii) such compensation was received by the covered person and the Compensation Committee determines that such person has violated a non-competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality, or other restrictive covenant applicable to such person, or (iii) recoupment is otherwise required under applicable law. In 2022, the SEC adopted final rules implementing the incentive-based compensation recovery provisions of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). The Company intends to timely review and revise its current clawback policy and/or adopt a new clawback policy to reflect the new requirements. Prohibition Against Hedging and Pledging As stated in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, directors, officers, employees, and their designees may not engage in activities that are designed to profit from trading activity or hedge against decreases in the value of our securities. This includes holding securities in a margin account or pledging securities as collateral for a loan or other obligation and purchasing any financial instrument or contract, including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, and exchange traded funds, which is designed to hedge or offset any risk of decrease in the market value of our common stock. These prohibitions apply regardless of Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 36 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) whether the equity securities have been granted to the directors, executive officers, or other employees as part of their compensation or are held, directly or indirectly, by such persons or their designees. In addition, pursuant to our Stock Ownership and Retention Policy, shares subject to the retention requirements of the policy may not be pledged, hypothecated, or made subject to execution, attachment, or similar process. No Excise Tax Gross-Ups We did not provide any of our executive officers with a “gross-up” or other reimbursement payment for any tax liability that may be owed as a result of the application of Code Sections 280G, 4999, or 409A during 2022, and we have not agreed and are not otherwise obligated to provide any NEO with such a “gross-up” or other reimbursement. Deductibility of Executive Compensation Code Section 162(m) generally limits our ability to deduct for tax purposes compensation over $1,000,000 to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, or any one of our other three highest paid executive officers. However, in the case of tax years commencing before 2018, Code Section 162(m) exempted qualifying performance-based compensation from the deduction limit if certain requirements were met. Code Section 162(m) was amended in December 2017 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to eliminate the exemption for performance-based compensation (other than with respect to payments made pursuant to certain “grandfathered” arrangements entered into prior to November 2, 2017 that are not materially modified after that date and that would otherwise have been deductible under Code Section 162(m) prior to the changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act) and to expand the group of current and former executive officers who may be covered by the deduction limit under Code Section 162(m). As a result, compensation paid to certain of our executive officers in excess of $1,000,000 will no longer be deductible (other than potentially with respect to certain “grandfathered” arrangements, as noted above). Notwithstanding the elimination of the exemption for performance-based compensation, because of the importance of linking pay and performance, and as a matter of corporate governance best practices, our executive compensation program continues to impose performance conditions on a significant portion of awards to our executive officers. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) The Compensation Committee will review and consider the deductibility of executive compensation under Code Section 162(m) and may authorize certain payments that will be in excess of the $1,000,000 limitation. The Compensation Committee believes that it needs to balance the benefits of designing awards that are tax-deductible with the need to design awards that attract, retain, and reward executives responsible for our success. While mindful of the benefit to us of the full deductibility of compensation, the Compensation Committee believes that it should not be constrained by the requirements of Code Section 162(m) where those requirements may impair flexibility in compensating our executive officers in a manner that can best promote our corporate objectives, which the Compensation Committee believes aligns our executive officers’ interests with our stockholders’ interests, and thus is in the best interests of our stockholders. Payments Upon Termination and Change-in-Control Pursuant to the terms of the Regional Management Corp. Executive Severance and Change-in-Control Plan and certain long- term incentive award agreements, our NEOs are entitled to certain benefits upon the termination of their employment with us, the terms of which are described below under “Summary of Employment Arrangements with Named Executive Officers.” Risk Assessment of Compensation Policies and Practices We have assessed our compensation programs for all employees and have concluded that our compensation policies and practices do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our company. We believe that our compensation programs reflect an appropriate mix of compensation elements and balance current and long-term performance objectives, cash and equity compensation, and risks and rewards. During 2022, the Compensation Committee reviewed our compensation policies and practices for all employees, including our NEOs, particularly as they relate to risk management practices and risk-taking incentives. As part of its review, the Compensation Committee discussed with management the ways in which risk is effectively managed or mitigated as it relates to our compensation programs and policies. Based on this review, the Compensation Committee believes that our compensation programs do not encourage excessive risk but instead encourage behaviors that support sustainable value creation. The following features of our executive compensation program illustrate this point. • Compensation Committee Oversight. Our executive compensation programs are regularly reviewed and overseen by an independent Compensation Committee that retains the discretion to reduce compensation based on corporate and individual performance and other factors. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 37 • • • • • • • • • • Mix of Incentives. Our compensation programs provide an appropriate mix of short-term and long-term incentives, as well as cash and equity opportunities. Mix of Performance Metrics. The performance metrics associated with our incentive programs incorporate a variety of drivers of our business over both annual and three-year time horizons. They also include a qualitative component, providing the Compensation Committee with flexibility beyond its inherent negative discretion. Cap on Long-Term Incentive Awards. All long-term incentive awards have a maximum performance measure which caps the payout for any given performance-based award. Strong Link to Stockholder Interests. Equity components and long-term performance metrics create a strong alignment between our executives’ interests and our stockholders’ interests. Because long-term incentives typically vest over a three-year period, our executives will always have unvested awards that could decrease in value if our business is not well-managed for the long term. Review by Independent Compensation Consultant. Our executive compensation programs have been reviewed and analyzed by an independent compensation consultant. Alignment with Annual Budget and Long-Term Strategic Plan. Performance metrics in our short- and long-term incentive programs are aligned with both our annual budget and our long-term strategic plan. Protective Policies. We have adopted a “clawback” policy, a stock ownership and retention policy, and prohibitions against hedging and pledging, thereby creating additional protections for our company and encouraging an alignment of our executives’ and stockholders’ interests. Field Incentive Plan. Our operations field incentive plan is focused on growth, control, and profit—the three primary drivers of success in our branches. This creates appropriate alignment of employee incentive opportunities with company goals. Administration and Disclosure. Administrative procedures, communication, and disclosure processes closely align with “best practices.” Securities Trading Policy. Officers must obtain permission from the General Counsel before the purchase or sale of any shares, even during an open trading period. Based on the factors above, we believe that our NEOs and other employees are encouraged to manage our company in a prudent manner and that our incentive programs are not designed to encourage our NEOs or other employees to take excessive risks or risks that are inconsistent with the Company’s and our stockholders’ best interests. In addition, we have in place various controls and management processes that help mitigate the potential for incentive compensation plans to materially and adversely affect the Company. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 38 COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the foregoing “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” with management. Based upon such review, the related discussions, and such other matters deemed relevant and appropriate to the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors that the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” be included in this Proxy Statement and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 through incorporation by reference to this Proxy Statement. The Compensation Committee report does not constitute soliciting material, and shall not be deemed to be filed or incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate the Compensation Committee report by reference therein. Members of the Compensation Committee: Steven J. Freiberg (Chair) Maria Contreras-Sweet Carlos Palomares (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 39 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION TABLES Summary Compensation Table The following table sets forth the cash and other compensation that we paid to our named executive officers or that was otherwise earned by our named executive officers for their services in all employment capacities during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Name and Principal Position(1) Robert W. Beck, President and Chief Executive Officer Harpreet Rana, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer John D. Schachtel, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Brian J. Fisher, Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer Manish Parmar, Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer _________ Salary(2) ($) 660,000 640,000 557,036 420,000 400,000 42,623 441,000 428,000 415,000 412,000 400,000 370,164 363,000 352,000 330,423 Bonus(3) ($) — — — — — 100,000 — — — — — — — — 250,000 Year 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Stock Awards(4) ($) 2,999,974 1,119,954 829,495 799,913 166,240 166,242 824,965 320,996 322,722 674,919 299,964 279,956 544,955 263,942 477,045 Option Awards(5) ($) — 559,992 400,000 — — 166,240 — 160,499 155,625 — 149,996 134,997 — 131,990 125,617 Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation(6) ($) 1,187,860 1,364,160 984,205 257,880 568,400 53,279 492,902 779,863 833,488 445,422 664,252 577,155 405,038 500,192 413,029 All Other Compensation(7) ($) 67,843 42,179 30,157 26,867 20,877 7,500 57,052 46,055 59,585 37,589 25,699 21,271 34,590 24,879 171,100 Total ($) 4,915,677 3,726,285 2,800,893 1,504,660 1,155,517 535,884 1,815,919 1,735,413 1,786,420 1,569,930 1,539,911 1,383,543 1,347,583 1,273,003 1,767,214 (1) Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, Mr. Schachtel, Mr. Fisher, and Mr. Parmar commenced employment effective as of July 22, 2019, November 23, 2020, May 30, 2017, January 14, 2013, and January 6, 2020, respectively. Mr. Beck was promoted to President and Chief Executive Officer effective March 26, 2020. (2) (3) (4) The amounts represent annual base salaries, pro-rated for any partial year of service. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Base Salary.” For 2020, Ms. Rana and Mr. Parmar received signing bonuses awarded upon the commencement of their employment with the Company in the amounts of $100,000 and $250,000, respectively. Amounts shown are the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, excluding the effect of estimated forfeitures. For a discussion of the assumptions made in such valuation, see note 16 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. In 2022, Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted PRSUs having the following grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $1,499,980; Ms. Rana, $399,950; Mr. Schachtel, $412,499; Mr. Fisher, $337,466, and Mr. Parmar, $272,482 (and a maximum potential value of $2,249,971; $599,925; $618,748; $506,199 and $408,723, respectively). The actual number of PRSUs, if any, that may be earned may range from 0% to 150% of the target number of units, based primarily on meeting a threshold level of absolute cumulative total shareholder return over the three-year performance period. Vested PRSUs are then subject to an additional one-year holding period following the vesting date. In 2022, Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted RSAs having the following total grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $1,499,994; Ms. Rana, $399,963; Mr. Schachtel, $412,466; Mr. Fisher, $337,453; and Mr. Parmar, $272,473. One-third of the shares subject to the RSA granted to each of Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar vests on each of December 31, 2022, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024, so long as such employee’s employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. In 2021, Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted performance-contingent RSUs having the following grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $559,977; Ms. Rana, $166,240; Mr. Schachtel, $160,498; Mr. Fisher, $149,982, and Mr. Parmar, $131,971 (and a maximum potential value of $839,965; $249,345; $240,733; $224,958 and $197,941, respectively). The actual number of RSUs, if any, that may be earned may range from 0% to 150% of the target number of Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 40 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) units, based primarily (90%) on our CAGR of pre-provision net income compared to our peer group over the performance period, January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023, and to a lesser extent (10%) on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its long-term strategic objectives over the same time period. In 2021, Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted RSAs having the following total grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $559,977; Mr. Schachtel, $160,498; Mr. Fisher, $149,982; and Mr. Parmar, $131,971. One-third of the shares subject to the RSA granted to each of Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar vests on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023, so long as such employee’s employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. In 2020, Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted performance-contingent RSUs having the following grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $429,505; Mr. Schachtel, $167,101; Mr. Fisher, $144,960; and Mr. Parmar, $134,889 (and a maximum potential value of $599,972; $233,425; $202,497; and $188,421, respectively). At the time the award was granted, the Compensation Committee decided to calculate the number of shares subject to the RSU awards using a 25-day weighted average stock price due to the market volatility caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The actual number of RSUs, if any, that may be earned may range from 0% to 150% of the target number of units, based primarily (90%) on our CAGR of pre-provision net income compared to our peer group over the performance period, January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, and to a lesser extent (10%) on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its long-term strategic objectives over the same time period. In April 2023, based upon results achieved during the performance period, our Compensation Committee determined that Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar earned 145% of their 2020 target RSUs. In 2020, Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were granted RSAs having the following total grant date fair values: Mr. Beck, $399,990; Ms. Rana, $166,242; Mr. Schachtel, $155,621; Mr. Fisher, $134,996; and Mr. Parmar, $342,156. One-third of the shares subject to the RSA granted to each of Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, and Fisher vests on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2022, so long as such employee’s employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. In 2020, Mr. Parmar was granted two RSAs. The first RSA was granted on January 6, 2020 and has a grant date fair value of $147,622. One-third of the shares subject to Mr. Parmar’s January 6, 2020 RSA vests on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2022, so long as his employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. Mr. Parmar’s second RSA was granted on July 1, 2020 and has a grant date fair value of $194,534. One-fourth of the shares subject to Mr. Parmar’s July 1, 2020 RSA vests on each of December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023, so long as his employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. Ms. Rana’s RSA was granted on November 23, 2020 and has a grant date fair value of $166,242. One-third of the shares subject to Ms. Rana’s RSA vests on each of December 31, 2021, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023, so long as her employment continues (or is deemed to continue) from the grant date through the respective vesting dates or as otherwise provided in the applicable RSA agreement. The PRSUs, performance-contingent RSUs, and RSAs are subject to further terms and conditions, including as to vesting, as set forth in an award agreement. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) (5) Amounts shown are the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, excluding the effect of estimated forfeitures. For a discussion of the assumptions made in such valuation, see note 16 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. For 2022, no option awards were granted. For 2021, the option awards granted to Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar vest in three equal installments on each of December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023. For 2020, the option awards granted to Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar vest in three equal installments on each of December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022. The option award granted to Ms. Rana vests in three equal installments on each of December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023. The option awards are subject to further terms and conditions, including as to vesting, as set forth in an award agreement. (6) For 2022, the amount for Ms. Rana represents her performance-based annual cash award earned in 2022. For Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar, the amounts represent performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2022 and cash-settled Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 41 performance units that were granted in 2020 and earned over a performance period of January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In the case of the performance-based annual cash awards, Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar earned $607,860, $267,246, $249,672, and $222,882, respectively. In the case of the cash-settled performance units, Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar earned $580,000, $225,656, $195,750, and $182,156, respectively. We paid all such earned amounts in 2023. For 2021, the amounts for Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Mr. Parmar represent performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2021. For Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher, the amounts represent performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2021 and cash-settled performance units that were granted in 2019 and earned over a performance period of January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2021. In the case of the performance-based annual cash awards, Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher earned $608,188 and $568,400, respectively. In the case of the cash-settled performance units, Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher earned $171,675 and $95,852, respectively. We paid all such earned amounts in 2022. For 2020, the amounts for Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Mr. Parmar represent performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2020. For Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher, the amounts represent performance-based annual cash awards earned in 2020 and cash-settled performance units that were granted in 2018 and earned over a performance period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020. In the case of the performance-based annual cash awards, Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher earned $518,750 and $462,705, respectively. In the case of the cash-settled performance units, Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher earned $314,738 and $114,450, respectively. We paid all such earned amounts in 2021. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Performance-Based Annual Cash Awards” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” (7) The following table provides detail regarding the amounts in the “All Other Compensation” column. In 2020, the amounts attributable to Mr. Parmar’s legal expenses and reimbursement to his former employer for relocation benefits shown below include tax reimbursements in the amount of $311 and $17,939, respectively. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Perquisites.” Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Travel Expense to/from Personal Residence ($) 710 — 876 3,447 5,431 — 4,022 6,247 7,727 — — — — — — 401(k) Plan Match ($) 12,200 11,600 11,400 12,200 11,600 — 12,200 11,600 11,400 12,200 11,600 11,400 12,200 11,600 11,400 Optional Annual Health Screening ($) — — — — — — 2,686 — — 2,810 — — — — — Mobile Phone Allowance ($) 900 900 675 1,875 — — 900 900 900 — — — 900 900 900 Reimbursement to Former Employer for Relocation Benefits ($) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 52,497 Long- Term Disability Insurance Benefits ($) 10,526 10,526 4,895 2,077 1,980 — 15,528 15,528 33,827 5,948 5,963 9,011 5,930 5,930 274 Total ($) 67,843 42,179 30,157 26,867 20,877 7,500 57,052 46,056 59,585 37,589 25,699 21,271 34,590 24,879 171,099 Legal Expenses ($) — — 10,000 — — 7,500 — — 4,750 — — — — — 911 Relocation Benefits ($) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 104,236 Year 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2020 Dividends ($) 43,507 19,153 2,311 7,268 1,866 — 21,716 11,781 981 16,631 8,136 860 15,560 6,449 881 Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 42 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Grants of Plan-Based Awards The following table provides information concerning annual and long-term incentive awards granted in 2022 to each of our named executive officers pursuant to our Annual Incentive Plan and our 2015 Plan. Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards Target ($) 990,000 Threshold(2) ($) — Maximum ($) 1,485,000 — — — — 420,000 630,000 441,000 661,500 412,000 618,000 363,000 544,500 Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards Threshold(2) (#) Target (#) Maximum (#) 14,403 28,807 43,210 3,840 7,681 11,521 3,961 7,922 11,883 3,240 6,481 9,721 2,616 5,233 7,849 All Other Stock Awards: Number of Shares of Stock or Units (#) 28,555 7,614 7,852 6,424 5,187 Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Awards(3) ($) 1,499,980 1,499,994 399,950 399,963 412,499 412,466 337,466 337,453 272,482 272,473 (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Award Type(1) Annual Annual Grant Date 1/1/2022 PRSU 2/17/2022 RSA 2/17/2022 1/1/2022 PRSU 2/17/2022 RSA 2/17/2022 1/1/2022 PRSU 2/17/2022 RSA 2/17/2022 1/1/2022 PRSU 2/17/2022 RSA 2/17/2022 1/1/2022 PRSU 2/17/2022 RSA 2/17/2022 Annual Annual Annual Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar (1) (2) (3) “Annual” refers to performance-based annual cash incentive award opportunities granted under our Annual Incentive Plan. “PRSU” refers to performance restricted stock units, and “RSA” refers to restricted stock award, each granted under our 2015 Plan. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Performance- Based Annual Cash Awards” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” The threshold number of units indicated will be earned only if a threshold level of performance is achieved. Amounts shown are the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, excluding the effect of estimated forfeitures. For a discussion of the assumptions made in such valuation, see note 16 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 43 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End The following table provides information concerning equity awards that were outstanding as of December 31, 2022, for each of our named executive officers. Option Awards Stock Awards Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#) 21,489 55,788 35,828 11,580 Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#) — — 17,914(2) 5,791(2) 34,403 12,427 21,705 10,268 12,379 8,918 8,071 11,081 18,828 9,596 10,442 8,444 — — — 5,135(2) — — — — — 4,799(2) — 4,223(2) Option Exercise Price ($) 25.35 16.66 30.22 28.21 20.00 27.89 16.66 30.22 17.08 19.99 28.25 27.89 16.66 30.22 29.18 30.22 Option Expiration Date 07/22/29 03/26/30 02/04/31 11/23/30 05/30/27 02/06/29 03/26/30 02/04/31 03/29/26 03/15/27 02/07/28 02/06/29 03/26/30 02/04/31 01/06/30 02/04/31 Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar __________ Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have Not Vested(1) ($) 1,102,617 520,322 808,901 154,468 215,682 428,978 149,133 222,450 Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have Not Vested (#) 39,267(6) 18,530(7) 28,807(8) 5,501(7) 7,681(8) 15,277(6) 5,311(7) 7,922(8) Number of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Vested (#) 6,178(3) 19,037(4) 1,965(3) 5,076(4) 1,771(3) 5,235(4) Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that Have Not Vested(1) ($) 173,478 534,559 55,177 142,534 49,730 146,999 1,655(3) 4,283(4) 46,472 120,267 13,253(6) 4,963(7) 6,481(8) 372,144 139,361 181,986 2,720(5) 1,457(3) 3,458(4) 76,378 40,913 97,101 12,332(6) 4,367(7) 5,233(8) 346,283 122,625 146,943 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Amounts are calculated based on the closing price ($28.08) of our common stock on December 30, 2022, the last trading day of 2022. This option vests in three equal annual installments on each of December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023. This amount represents the unvested portion of a restricted stock award, which vests in three equal annual installments on each of December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023. This amount represents the unvested portion of a restricted stock award, which vests in three equal annual installments on each of December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024. This amount represents the unvested portion of a restricted stock award, which vests in four equal annual installments on each of December 31, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. This amount represents the earned portion of a performance-contingent RSU that became eligible to vest on December 31, 2022, subject to our Compensation Committee’s certification as to the achievement of certain performance goals. The actual number of RSUs, if any, that may have been earned ranged from 0% to 150% of the target number of units, based primarily (90%) on our CAGR of pre-provision net income compared to our peer group over the performance period, January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, and to a lesser extent (10%) on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its long-term strategic objectives over the same time period. The number of target RSUs granted to Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar were as follows: Mr. Beck, 27,081 units, Mr. Schachtel, 10,536 units, Mr. Fisher, 9,140 units, and Mr. Parmar, 8,505 units. Vesting was also contingent upon the continued employment of the executives through December 31, 2022. In April 2023, based upon results achieved during the performance period, our Compensation Committee determined that Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar earned 145.0% of their target RSUs. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 44 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) (7) (8) This amount represents a performance-contingent RSU, assuming an achievement level at target. The actual number of RSUs, if any, that may be earned may range from 0% to 150% of the target number of units set forth in the table above, based primarily (90%) on our CAGR of pre-provision net income compared to our peer group over the performance period, January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023, and to a lesser extent (10%) on our Compensation Committee’s assessment of our executive team’s achievement of its long-term strategic objectives over the same time period. Vesting is also contingent upon the continued employment of the executive through December 31, 2023, or as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” This amount represents a performance RSU, assuming an achievement level at target. The actual number of PRSUs, if any, that may be earned may range from 0% to 150% of the target number of units set forth in the table above, based on whether the Company meets a threshold level of absolute cumulative total shareholder return over a three-year performance period ending December 31, 2024. Vesting is also contingent upon the continued employment of the executive through December 31, 2024, or as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, and vested PRSUs are subject to an additional one-year holding period following the vesting date, which holding period ends December 31, 2025. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” Option Exercises and Stock Vested The following table summarizes the exercise of options and the vesting of stock awards by each of our named executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Option Awards Stock Awards Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) — — — — — Value Realized on Exercise ($) — — — — — Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting(1) (#) 62,964 4,502 22,779 19,749 19,923 Value Realized on Vesting(2) ($) 1,676,144 126,416 603,886 523,540 530,581 (1) For Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar the amounts represent the number of shares delivered following the vesting of restricted stock subject to RSAs on December 31, 2022. For Messrs. Beck, Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar, the amounts also include the number of shares delivered following the vesting of performance-contingent RSUs on December 31, 2022, based upon results achieved during a performance period that began on January 1, 2020 and ended on December 31, 2022, as determined by our Compensation Committee in April 2023. For additional information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Elements of Compensation – Long-Term Incentive Awards.” (2) The value represents the gross number of shares that vested, multiplied by the closing price of our common stock on the applicable vesting date, and includes any amounts that were withheld for applicable taxes. Equity Compensation Plan Information The following table provides information concerning the common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants, and rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022. At that date, there were a total of 9,523,000 shares of our common stock outstanding. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders Plan Category 2011 Stock Incentive Plan(1) 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan(2) Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders Total: (a) Number of Securities to Be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights (b) Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights ($) (c) Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a)) 9,822(3) 890,111(4) — 899,933 15.97 23.21(5) — 23.07 — 772,556 — 772,556 Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 45 (1) (2) (3) (4) Regional Management Corp. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). In 2015, our stockholders approved the 2015 Plan, at which time all shares then available for issuance under the 2011 Plan rolled over to the 2015 Plan. Awards may no longer be granted under the 2011 Plan. However, awards that are outstanding under the 2011 Plan will continue in accordance with their respective terms. Regional Management Corp. 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan. As of April 3, 2023, there were 814,005 shares that remained available for issuance under the 2015 Plan, which allows for grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards, RSUs, performance shares, performance share units, phantom stock awards, other stock-based awards, and/or dividend equivalent awards. This amount represents shares of common stock underlying non-qualified stock option awards. This amount represents 517,580 shares of common stock underlying non-qualified stock option awards, 162,418 shares of common stock underlying performance-contingent RSU awards, 104,762 shares of common stock underlying PRSU awards, and 105,351 restricted shares of common stock underlying and issuable pursuant to key team member incentive program award agreements. Share amounts are determined based upon the maximum number of shares that may be delivered pursuant to the performance-based awards. Under the key team member incentive program, each participant is eligible to earn an RSA, subject to the achievement of performance goals over a one-year period. If earned, the RSA is issued following the one-year performance period and vests ratably over a subsequent two-year period (subject to continued employment or as otherwise provided in the underlying award agreement). No current executive officer participates in our key team member incentive program. There is no exercise price associated with the RSU and PRSU awards or restricted shares. (5) Calculation excludes shares subject to RSU and PRSU awards and shares underlying and issuable pursuant to key team member incentive program award agreements. CEO Pay Ratio The following table provides our calculation under applicable SEC regulations of the ratio of the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer to the median of the annual total compensation of our other employees for 2022. Compensation Component Salary Stock Awards Option Awards Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation All Other Compensation Total Compensation: CEO ($) 660,000 2,999,974 — 1,187,860 67,843 4,915,677 Median Employee ($) 45,582 — — — — 45,582 CEO to Median Employee Pay Ratio: 108:1 We took the following steps in calculating the ratio of the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer to the median of the annual total compensation of our other employees in 2022: (1) We determined that, as of December 31, 2022, our employee population was equal to 1,991 individuals, all located in the United States. This number includes all the individuals determined to be employees for federal tax purposes, whether full- time, part-time, or temporary, as of that date. We chose December 31, 2022, which is within the last three months of our fiscal year as required by applicable SEC regulations, because it aligned with our calendar year payroll procedures. (2) We next identified the employee receiving the median amount of compensation in our employee population. To do this, we compared the amount of wages and other compensation received by each employee, other than Mr. Beck, as reflected in our payroll records and reported to the Internal Revenue Service in Box 5 of Form W-2 for the calendar year ended December 31, 2022. This compensation measure was annualized for permanent employees who were employed on the measurement date but who did not work for the full calendar year. The compensation measure was consistently applied to all of our employees. (3) Once we identified our median employee, we measured that employee’s annual total compensation for the 2022 fiscal year by adding together (a) the same elements of compensation that are included in Mr. Beck’s total fiscal 2022 compensation, as reported in our Summary Compensation Table above, and (b) non-discriminatory health and welfare benefits paid by Regional, if any, which we have included as “All Other Compensation” in the table above. Our median employee did not participate in non-discriminatory health and welfare benefit plans offered by Regional in 2022. (4) For Mr. Beck, we used the amounts reported in our Summary Compensation Table above. Mr. Beck did not participate in non- discriminatory health and welfare benefit plans offered by Regional in 2022. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 46 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) The resulting pay ratio was calculated in a manner consistent with SEC regulations, and we believe that it constitutes a reasonable estimate. However, as contemplated by SEC regulations, we relied on methods and assumptions that we determined to be appropriate for calculating the Chief Executive Officer pay ratio at Regional. Other public companies may use methods and assumptions that differ from the ones we chose but are appropriate for their circumstances. It may therefore be difficult, for this and other reasons, to compare our reported pay ratio to pay ratios reported by other companies, including companies in our industry. Pay Versus Performance Under the rules adopted pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act and Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid and certain financial performance metrics of the Company. As described in more detail in the section “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” the Company’s executive compensation program reflects a variable pay-for-performance philosophy. While the Company utilizes several performance measures to align executive compensation with Company performance, all of those Company measures are not presented in the Pay versus Performance table below. Moreover, the Company generally seeks to incentivize long-term performance, and therefore does not specifically align the Company’s performance measures with compensation that is actually paid (as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K) for a particular year. For further information concerning our variable pay-for-performance philosophy and how we align executive compensation with our performance, refer to the section “Compensation Discussion and Analysis.” Summary Compensation Table Total for Current CEO(1) ($) 4,915,677 3,726,285 2,800,893 Summary Compensation Table Total for Former CEO(1) ($) — — 3,441,816 Compensation Actually Paid to Current CEO(2) ($) 381,140 8,222,521 3,920,578 Compensation Actually Paid to Former CEO(2) ($) — — 1,305,368 Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-CEO NEOs(3) ($) 1,559,523 1,425,961 1,599,449 Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-CEO NEOs(4) ($) 352,768 2,710,291 1,921,349 Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On: Total Shareholder Return(5) ($) 109.16 199.00 100.77 Peer Group Total Shareholder Return(6) ($) 107.05 122.65 97.82 Company- Selected Measure Pre- Provision Net Income(8) ($) Net Income(7) ($) 51,224,000 66,516,000 88,687,000 96,020,000 26,730,000 47,338,000 The dollar amounts reported are the amounts of total compensation reported for each corresponding year in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table. Peter R. Knitzer served as our former Chief Executive Officer, and his employment terminated on March 26, 2020. The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of “compensation actually paid” to Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer, respectively, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to Mr. Beck (CEO) or Mr. Knitzer (former CEO) during the applicable year. The following adjustments were made to Mr. Beck’s and Mr. Knitzer’s total compensation, respectively, for each year to determine the compensation actually paid: Year 2022 2021 2020 (1) (2) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for CEO ($) 4,915,677 3,726,285 2,800,893 Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for Former CEO ($) N/A N/A Less: Reported Value of Equity Awards(a) ($) Add: Equity Award Adjustments(b) ($) Compensation Actually Paid to CEO ($) 2,999,974 1,679,946 1,229,495 (1,534,563) 6,176,182 2,349,180 381,140 8,222,521 3,920,578 Less: Reported Value of Equity Awards(a) ($) N/A N/A Add: Equity Award Adjustments(b) ($) N/A N/A Compensation Actually Paid to Former CEO ($) N/A N/A 3,441,816 — (2,136,448) 1,305,368 Year 2022 2021 2020 Year 2022 2021 2020 (a) (b) The grant date fair value of equity awards represents the total of the amounts reported in the “Stock Awards” and “Option Awards” columns in the Summary Compensation Table for the applicable year. The equity award adjustments for each applicable year include the addition (or subtraction, as applicable) of the following: (i) the year-end fair value of any equity awards granted in the applicable year that are outstanding and Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 47 unvested as of the year-end; (ii) the amount of change as of the end of the applicable year (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of any awards granted in prior years that are outstanding and unvested as of the end of the applicable year; (iii) for awards that are granted and vest in the same applicable year, the fair value as of the vesting date; (iv) for awards granted in prior years that vest in the applicable year, the amount equal to the change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value; (v) for awards granted in prior years that are determined to fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the applicable year, a deduction for the amount equal to the fair value at the end of the prior fiscal year; and (vi) the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings paid on stock or option awards in the applicable year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise reflected in the fair value of such award or included in any other component of total compensation for the applicable year (any such dividends are accrued but not paid unless and until the applicable award (or portion thereof) vests). The valuation assumptions used to calculate fair values did not materially differ from those disclosed at the time of grant. The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments for Mr. Beck are as follows: Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards ($) (1,134,964) 1,429,691 (11,407) Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in the Year ($) 267,265 842,850 494,371 Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested in the Year ($) (1,780,084) 963,945 (8,816) Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in the Year ($) 965,224 2,860,183 1,863,394 Year 2022 2021 2020 Fair Value at the End of the Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Year ($) — — — Value of Dividends or other Earnings Paid on Stock or Option Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Fair Value or Total Compensation ($) 147,996 79,512 11,638 Total Equity Award Adjustments ($) (1,534,563) 6,176,182 2,349,180 The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments for Mr. Knitzer are as follows: Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards ($) N/A N/A Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in the Year ($) N/A N/A Year over Year Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested in the Year ($) N/A N/A Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in the Year ($) N/A N/A Fair Value at the End of the Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Year ($) N/A N/A Value of Dividends or other Earnings Paid on Stock or Option Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Fair Value or Total Compensation ($) N/A N/A Total Equity Award Adjustments ($) N/A N/A — 85,771 — (1,152,968) (1,079,477) 10,226 (2,136,448) Year 2022 2021 2020 (3) (4) The dollar amounts reported represent the average of the amounts reported for the Company’s named executive officers as a group (excluding Mr. Beck, who has served as our CEO since 2020, and Mr. Knitzer, who served as our CEO until his termination on March 26, 2020) in the “Total” column of the Summary Compensation Table in each applicable year. The named executive officers (excluding Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer, as applicable) included for purposes of calculating the average amounts in each applicable year are as follows: (i) for 2022, Harpreet Rana, John D. Schachtel, Brian J. Fisher, and Manish Parmar; (ii) for 2021, Harpreet Rana, John D. Schachtel, Brian J. Fisher, and Manish Parmar; and (iii) for 2020, Harpreet Rana, John. D. Schachtel, Brian J. Fisher, Manish Parmar, and Michael S. Dymski. The dollar amounts reported represent the average amount of “compensation actually paid” to the named executive officers as a group (excluding Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer, as applicable), as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to the named executive officers as a group (excluding Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer, as applicable) during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the following adjustments were made to average total compensation for the Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 48 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) named executive officers as a group (excluding Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer, as applicable) for each year to determine the compensation actually paid, using the same methodology described above in footnote 2: Year over Year Average Change in Fair Value of Outstanding and Unvested Equity Awards ($) (333,259) 528,887 11,595 Average Fair Value as of Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted and Vested in the Year ($) 63,356 166,476 197,260 Year over Year Average Change in Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested in the Year ($) (493,920) 293,032 (29,216) Average Fair Value at the End of the Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Year ($) — — — Average Value of Dividends or other Earnings Paid on Stock or Option Awards not Otherwise Reflected in Fair Value or Total Compensation ($) 39,434 25,314 5,939 Average Year End Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in the Year ($) 228,822 644,027 698,510 Year 2022 2021 2020 Total Average Equity Award Adjustments ($) (495,567) 1,657,737 884,087 (a) The amounts deducted or added in calculating the total average equity award adjustments are as follows: Average Reported Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-CEO NEOs ($) 1,559,523 1,425,961 1,599,449 Year 2022 2021 2020 Less: Average Reported Value of Equity Awards(a) ($) Add: Average Equity Award Adjustments(b) ($) Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-CEO NEOs ($) 711,188 373,407 562,188 (495,567) 1,657,737 884,087 352,768 2,710,291 1,921,349 (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) (5) (6) (7) (8) Cumulative TSR is calculated by dividing the sum of the cumulative amount of dividends for the measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and the difference between the Company’s stock price at the end and the beginning of the measurement period by the Company’s stock price at the beginning of the measurement period. For 2020, the calculation includes an aggregate of the compensation of Mr. Beck and Mr. Knitzer. Represents the weighted peer group TSR, weighted according to the respective companies’ stock market capitalization at the beginning of each period for which a return is indicated. The Company utilized the NYSE Financial Index for the peer group. This index has been utilized historically in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K in connection with the required performance graph. The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of net income reflected in the Company’s audited financial statements for the applicable year. Pre-provision net income is defined as net income excluding the tax-effected impact of the change in the allowance for credit losses but including the impact of recognized net credit losses. Financial Performance Measures As described in greater detail in “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” the Company’s executive compensation program reflects a variable pay-for-performance philosophy. The metrics that the Company uses for both our long-term and short-term incentive awards are selected based on an objective of incentivizing our named executive officers to increase the value of our enterprise for our stockholders. While the Company uses numerous financial and non-financial performance measures for the purpose of evaluating performance for the Company’s compensation programs, the Company has determined that pre-provision net income is the financial performance measure that, in the Company’s assessment, represents the most important performance measure (that is not otherwise required to be disclosed in the table) used by the Company to link compensation actually paid to the Company’s named executive officers, for the most recently completed fiscal year, to Company performance. The most important financial performance measures used by the Company to link executive compensation actually paid to the Company’s named executive officers, for the most recently completed fiscal year, to the Company’s performance are as follows: • • Pre-provision net income Return on assets Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 49 • Total shareholder return Analysis of the Information Presented in the Pay versus Performance Table The following charts show the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid and the required performance measures in the tabular disclosure above—Company TSR, Net Income, and Pre-Provision Net Income (the Company-Selected Measure), as well as a comparison of Company TSR against NYSE Financial Index TSR. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 50 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS WITH NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS In 2022, the following individuals served as our named executive officers: • • • • • Robert W. Beck, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Harpreet Rana, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; John D. Schachtel, our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; Brian J. Fisher, our Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer; and Manish Parmar, our Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer. We entered into employment letters or agreements with each of our named executive officers shortly before each commenced employment with us. We entered into initial employment agreements with each of these executives as follows: Mr. Beck (July 2019), Ms. Rana (September 2020), Mr. Schachtel (May 2017), Mr. Fisher (January 2013), and Mr. Parmar (January 2020). In August 2017, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Fisher that superseded his prior employment letter agreement and amended the employment agreement of Mr. Schachtel. In addition, in March 2020, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Beck in connection with his assumption of the title of President and Chief Executive Officer, which superseded his prior employment agreement as our former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Further, in July 2020 and September 2020, we entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Schachtel and Fisher, respectively, that superseded each executive’s prior employment agreement. Mr. Fisher’s 2020 employment agreement occurred in the context of his appointment as Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer. On April 6, 2023, we adopted the Regional Management Corp. Executive Severance and Change in Control Plan (the “Severance Plan”), in connection with which all existing employment agreements of our named executive officers were terminated. We describe below the material terms of our named executive officer’s employment agreements that were effective for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. We also provide a description of the material terms of the currently effective Severance Plan. Additional information regarding the compensation that our named executive officers are eligible for, earned, and were paid is set forth elsewhere in this Proxy Statement, including in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and the Executive Compensation Tables set forth above. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Former Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers The former employment agreements with each of our named executive officers provided for a three-year term as follows: Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Employment Agreement Term End Date March 25, 2023 November 23, 2023 July 1, 2023 September 30, 2023 January 6, 2023 Other than Mr. Parmar and Mr. Beck, whose employment agreements ended pursuant to their terms on January 6, 2023 and March 25, 2023, respectively, the employment agreements of each of our other named executive officers were terminated in connection with the adoption of the Severance Plan and participation of such named executive officer thereunder, effective as of April 6, 2023. The employment agreements generally provided for compensation to our executives in the form of annual base salaries, annual cash incentive opportunities, long-term incentive opportunities, and various other limited perquisites and personal benefits. Our executives were also subject to certain restrictive covenants set forth in the employment agreements, including a covenant not to compete. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 51 Pursuant to their employment agreements, our named executive officers were entitled to annual base salaries of no less than the amounts indicated below: Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Employment Agreement Base Salary $600,000 $400,000 $415,000 $400,000 $335,000 All base salaries were pro-rated for any partial year pursuant to the terms of each executive’s employment agreement. For each calendar year during the employment term under Mr. Beck’s employment agreement, he was eligible to earn an annual bonus award under our Annual Incentive Plan based upon the achievement of performance targets established by our Compensation Committee, with a target bonus equal to no less than 150% of his base salary, pro-rated for any partial year. Mr. Beck’s employment agreement provided that Mr. Beck’s target annual bonus award under our Annual Incentive Plan for 2020 was $787,364. For each calendar year during the employment term, our other named executive officers were eligible to earn an annual bonus award under our Annual Incentive Plan based upon the achievement of performance targets established by our Compensation Committee, with a target bonus equal to no less than 100% of the executive’s base salary, in each case pro-rated for any partial year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Mr. Fisher’s employment agreement provided that his target bonus for 2020 was $370,164. Under the terms of Ms. Rana’s employment agreement, we paid a $100,000 cash signing bonus to her in 2020 to offset her loss of forfeited incentive and/or equity-based compensation with her former employer. Ms. Rana’s signing bonus was subject to repayment in full if she voluntarily terminated her employment before the first anniversary of her employment date. We also paid a $250,000 cash signing bonus to Mr. Parmar in 2020 pursuant to his employment agreement to offset his loss of his annual bonus opportunity with his prior employer. Mr. Parmar’s signing bonus was subject to ratable repayment if he terminated his employment before the third anniversary of his employment date. The employment agreement of Mr. Beck provided that he was entitled to receive a non-qualified stock option award, a restricted stock award, a performance-contingent RSU award, and a cash-settled performance unit award. Mr. Beck’s non-qualified stock option and restricted stock award were granted following the effective date of his employment agreement in 2020, while his performance-contingent RSU award and cash-settled performance unit award were granted in connection with the grant of other executive 2020 long-term incentive plan awards. The vesting of each such award is subject to continued employment through the vesting date and, in the case of the performance-contingent RSU award and the cash-settled performance unit award, the achievement of performance objectives established by our Compensation Committee. The employment agreements of Ms. Rana and Mr. Parmar provided that each executive was entitled to receive a non-qualified stock option award, a restricted stock award, a performance-contingent RSU award, and a cash-settled performance unit award. Ms. Rana’s non-qualified stock option and restricted stock award were granted following her commencement date in 2020, while her performance-contingent RSU award and cash-settled performance unit award were granted in connection with the grant of other executive 2021 long-term incentive plan awards. The non-qualified stock option award and restricted stock award provided for in Mr. Parmar’s employment agreement were granted as soon as practicable following his commencement date in 2020, while his performance-contingent RSU award and cash- settled performance unit award were granted in connection with the grant of other executive 2020 long-term incentive plan awards. The vesting of each of Ms. Rana’s and Mr. Parmar’s awards is subject to continued employment through the vesting date and, in the case of the performance-contingent RSU awards and the cash-settled performance unit awards, the achievement of performance objectives established by our Compensation Committee. Each named executive officer is otherwise eligible to participate in our long-term incentive program at the sole discretion of our Compensation Committee and our Board. Commencing in 2021 (or 2022, in the case of Ms. Rana, and 2020, in the case of Mr. Schachtel), the employment agreements of our executives provided for an annual base salary, annual cash incentive opportunity, and long-term incentive opportunity totaling in the aggregate of at least the following amounts: Mr. Beck ($3,600,000), Ms. Rana ($1,400,000), Mr. Schachtel ($1,452,500), Mr. Fisher ($1,400,000), and Mr. Parmar ($1,172,500). Each executive’s annual total compensation opportunity was subject to our Compensation Committee’s discretion to adjust base salary, determine allocations between cash and equity compensation opportunities, establish performance and/or multi-year service criteria, and determine if and to the extent any incentive compensation is earned and payable based on the attainment of performance criteria and other terms and conditions established by our Compensation Committee, and further subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable incentive plan and Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 52 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) related award agreements (including, if applicable under any such plan or award agreement, multi-year vesting). Long-term incentive awards are subject to the terms of the 2015 Plan and the related award agreements. Pursuant to Mr. Beck’s employment agreement, we paid for reasonable expenses (not to exceed $5,000) associated with Mr. Beck’s travel in 2020 to and from his additional Connecticut residence to our headquarters in South Carolina. Additionally, we provided relocation benefits to Mr. Parmar under his employment agreement in 2020 to relocate to the Dallas–Fort Worth– Arlington, Texas metropolitan area, which included reimbursement of commuting expenses to our Flower Mound, Texas office from his residence and reasonable temporary living expenses in the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, Texas metropolitan area. Mr. Parmar was also eligible for reimbursement of amounts up to $50,000 in the event that he was required to reimburse his immediate past employer for all or a portion of his previously-reimbursed relocation expenses, with any such reimbursed amounts subject to ratable repayment in the event Mr. Parmar voluntarily terminated his employment before the third anniversary of his commencement date. The former employment agreements of our executives provided and the long-term incentive award agreements of our executives currently provide for certain severance benefits following an executive’s termination by us without cause, by the executive as a result of good reason, due to the executive’s disability, due to the executive’s death, or following a “double-trigger” change-in-control event. A “double-trigger” change in control event requires both (1) a change in control and (2) an executive’s termination by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within certain timeframes. The terms “cause,” “good reason,” “disability,” and “change in control” are defined in the 2011 Plan, the 2015 Plan, and/or each executive’s former employment agreement and/or long-term incentive award agreements, as applicable. The severance benefits of each of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2022 are described in “Summary of Employment Arrangements with Executive Officers – Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control,” below. Under the former employment agreements, as well as the long-term incentive award agreements, an executive’s receipt of any severance benefits was subject to the executive’s execution of a release of claims within the time period specified in the employment agreement and the continued compliance with the restrictive covenants described below. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Each named executive officer was subject to various restrictive covenants pursuant to his or her former employment agreement, and his or her entitlement to certain benefits was contingent upon his or her compliance with such covenants. Specifically, the employment agreements subjected each named executive officer to a covenant not to disclose our confidential information during his or her employment and at all times thereafter, a covenant not to compete during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of Mr. Beck) following his or her termination of employment, a covenant not to solicit competitive “business services” through or from “loan sources” (each as defined in the employment agreements) during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of Mr. Beck) following his or her termination of employment, a covenant not to solicit or hire our employees during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of Mr. Beck) following his or her termination of employment, and a non-disparagement covenant effective during the employment term and at all times thereafter. Each executive’s covenant not to compete was limited to an area within 25 miles of any of our branches or other offices. Executive Severance and Change in Control Plan On April 6, 2023, we adopted the Severance Plan. The Severance Plan is intended to attract and retain qualified executives by providing participants with the opportunity to receive severance benefits in the event of certain terminations of employment, as well as attempt to assure the present and future continuity, objectivity, and dedication of management in the event of a change in control. The existing employment agreements of our named executive officers were terminated effective as of April 6, 2023 in connection with the adoption of the Severance Plan. The effective date of the Severance Plan is April 6, 2023, and the initial term of the Severance Plan expires on the third anniversary of such effective date. The Board or the Compensation Committee may extend the term until such later date(s) as may be established by the Board or the Compensation Committee. The Severance Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee; however, the Board, in its sole discretion, may take any action under the Plan as it deems necessary or appropriate. The Severance Plan provides for certain severance benefits following: • • • a participant’s termination of employment due to a “qualifying termination” (termination of the participant’s employment by the participant for good reason or by the Company for any reason other than cause, disability, or death) other than in connection with a change in control; a qualifying termination within one (1) year immediately following a change in control or within six (6) months immediately prior to such change in control; and termination by reason of disability. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 53 The Severance Plan also addresses payments and benefits due to participants following a participant’s death, for cause termination, and voluntary termination. The terms “cause,” “good reason,” “disability,” and “change in control” are defined in the Severance Plan. Payment of certain benefits to a participant under the Severance Plan is subject to the participant’s compliance with various restrictive covenants. In particular, participants are subject to a covenant not to disclose our confidential information during his or her employment and at all times thereafter, a covenant not to solicit competitive “business services” through or from “loan sources” (each as defined in the Severance Plan) during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer) following his or her termination of employment, a covenant not to solicit or hire our employees during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer) following his or her termination of employment, a covenant not to compete during his or her employment and for a period of one year (or two years, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer) following his or her termination of employment, and a non-disparagement covenant effective during the employment term and at all times thereafter. All payments and benefits made to a participant under the Severance Plan will be subject to any recoupment, “claw-back,” or similar policy or arrangement adopted by the Board, and any similar provisions under applicable law. The Compensation Committee may also require forfeiture or recoupment of any payments or benefits provided under the Severance Plan if a participant engages in certain types of conduct, including violation of our company policies or breach of restrictive covenants applicable to the participant. Further, severance payments are contingent upon the participant’s execution of a full release and waiver acceptable to the Company. As a condition to participation, selected participants must enter into a Participation Agreement (each, a “Participation Agreement”). The Compensation Committee has selected certain senior executive officers, including each of our named executive officers, to participate in the Severance Plan pursuant to Participation Agreements that were effective April 6, 2023. Each Participation Agreement specifies a participant’s levels, or multiples, of potential severance benefits and contains certain other terms and conditions related to participation. The severance multiple for Mr. Beck in the non-change in control context is two (2), and the severance multiple in such context for all other named executive officers is one (1). The severance multiple in the context of a change in control is two (2) for all named executive officers, including Mr. Beck. The severance period during which benefits will be paid has been established as 24 months for Mr. Beck and 12 months for all other named executive officers. Pursuant to the Severance Plan, any outstanding equity or other long-term incentive awards held by a participant will be subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable stock plan and applicable award agreement, except as may be otherwise provided in a participant’s Participation Agreement. The severance benefits of each of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2022 are described in “Summary of Employment Arrangements with Executive Officers – Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control,” below. Benefits in this table reflect benefits of our named executive officers that were in effect as of December 31, 2022, including benefits under our named executive officers’ former employment agreements, and do not reflect any benefits under the Severance Plan, which was not in effect on December 31, 2022. Other Arrangements with Named Executive Officers Each named executive officer must abide by any applicable equity retention policy, compensation recovery policy, stock ownership guidelines, or other similar policies that we maintain. Further, as described above under “Former Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers,” our executives’ long-term incentive award agreements provide for certain severance benefits following an executive’s termination by us without cause, by the executive as a result of good reason, due to the executive’s disability, due to the executive’s death, or following a “double-trigger” change in control event. We also provide our executives with benefits generally available to our other employees, including medical and retirement plans. In addition, we provide our executives with the use of a mobile phone (or the provision of a stipend for a mobile phone), disability insurance policies, and reasonable travel expenses. Beginning in 2023, all of our named executive officers are subject to the same travel reimbursement policy as all of our other employees. Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control Under their former employment agreements, their long-term incentive award agreements, and our newly adopted Severance Plan, our executive officers are entitled to severance benefits following certain terminations. These benefits ensure that our executives are motivated primarily by the needs of our business, rather than circumstances that are outside of the ordinary course of business (such as circumstances that might lead to the termination of an executive’s employment or that might lead to a change in control). Severance benefits provide for a level of continued compensation if an executive’s employment is adversely affected in these circumstances, subject to certain conditions. We believe that these benefits enable executives to focus fully on their duties Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 54 while employed by us, ensure that our executives act in the best interests of our stockholders, even if such actions are otherwise contrary to our executives’ personal interests, and alleviate concerns that may arise in the event of an executive’s separation from service with us. We believe that these severance benefits are in line with current market practices. Severance benefits were provided under the employment agreements of our executives until April 6, 2023, at which time the employment agreements then still in effect were terminated in connection with adoption of the Severance Plan and designation of our executive officers as participants in the Severance Plan. Details regarding both the severance benefits available under the former employment agreements (which were in effect on December 31, 2022) and our current Severance Plan are provided below. Under both the former employment agreements and the new Severance Plan, the rights to and level of benefits are determined by the type of termination event. (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 55 Our executive employment agreements, which terminated effective as of April 6, 2023, provided for the following cash and other benefits: Termination Event By the Company Without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason “Double-Trigger” Change-in-Control Disability Death Severance Benefits (1) Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice. At our election, 30 days’ base salary in lieu of allowing the executive to work through any required 30-day termination notice period. (2) Base Salary Continuation. In the case of Mr. Beck, an amount equal to two times his salary in effect on the termination date, payable over a period of 24 months following his termination date, and in the case of each other executive, an amount equal to his or her salary in effect on the termination date, payable over a period of 12 months following his termination date. (3) Average Bonus. In the case of Mr. Beck, an amount equal to two times his average bonus determined as of the termination date, payable over a period of 24 months following his termination date, and in the case of each other executive, an amount equal to his or her average bonus determined as of the termination date, payable over a period of 12 months following his or her termination date. An executive’s “average bonus” is defined in his or her employment agreement, generally as the average annual bonus paid for the three fiscal years prior to the year of termination or such lesser number of full fiscal years that the executive has been employed. If employment is terminated before the last day of the executive’s first full fiscal year, the average bonus is calculated as the executive’s target bonus. (4) Annual Incentive Compensation. The pro-rata portion of any bonus for the year in which termination occurs, to the extent earned, plus, if termination occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned. (5) Health Benefits Continuation Coverage. Reimbursement of COBRA premiums for continuation coverage under our group medical plan for 24 months (in the case of Mr. Beck) or 12 months (in the case of each other executive) following his or her termination date, so long as he or she is not entitled to obtain insurance from a subsequent employer. (6) Outplacement Services. Reasonable outplacement service expenses for 24 months (in the case of Mr. Beck) or 12 months (in the case of each other executive) following the termination date, not exceeding $25,000 per year. Excluding Mr. Beck, if employment is terminated by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason, and such termination occurs within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control, then the executive is entitled to the benefits described immediately above, plus the additional benefit that the amounts described in items (2) and (3) will be increased by a factor of 100% (for a total of two times salary and average bonus). If employment is terminated due to the executive’s disability, he or she will be entitled to the same benefits as if employment were terminated by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason, except that he or she is not entitled to 30 days’ notice of termination (or payment in lieu thereof). The disability severance benefits will be reduced by the amount of any disability benefits paid to the executive pursuant to any disability insurance, plan, or policy provided by us to or for the benefit of the executive. If any disability benefits paid to an executive pursuant to any disability insurance, plan, or policy provided by us are not subject to local, state, or federal taxation, then our severance obligations in the event of termination due to the executive’s disability will be reduced by an amount equal to the gross taxable amount that we would have been required to pay in order to yield the net, after-tax benefit that the executive actually received pursuant to such disability insurance, plan, or policy. Annual Incentive Compensation. The pro-rata portion of any bonus for the year in which death occurs, to the extent earned, plus, if death occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned (paid to the executive’s designated beneficiary or estate, as applicable). Voluntary Termination Annual Incentive Compensation. If termination occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned (the executive is not entitled to any bonus for the year during which voluntary termination occurs). Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 56 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Termination Event Severance Benefits Cause None. The Severance Plan, including the related Participation Agreements of our named executive officers thereunder, provides for the following cash and other benefits: Termination Event “Qualifying Termination” Without a Change in Control The Severance Plan defines “qualifying termination” as termination of a participant’s employment by the participant for good reason or by the Company for any reason other than cause, disability, or death. Severance Benefits (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) (1) Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice. At our election, 30 days’ base salary in lieu of allowing the participant to work through any required 30-day termination notice period. (2) Base Salary Continuation. In the case of Mr. Beck, an amount equal to two times his salary in effect on the termination date, payable over a period of 24 months following his termination date, and in the case of each other participant, an amount equal to his or her salary in effect on the termination date, payable over a period of 12 months following his termination date. (3) Average Bonus. In the case of Mr. Beck, an amount equal to two times his average bonus determined as of the termination date, payable over a period of 24 months following his termination date, and in the case of each other participant, an amount equal to his or her average bonus determined as of the termination date, payable over a period of 12 months following his or her termination date. A participant’s “average bonus” as defined in the Severance Plan is the average annual bonus paid for the three fiscal years preceding the year of termination or such lesser number of full fiscal years that the participant has been employed. If employment is terminated before the last day of the participant’s first full fiscal year, the average bonus is calculated as the participant’s target bonus. (4) Annual Incentive Compensation. The pro-rata portion of any bonus for the year in which termination occurs, to the extent earned, plus, if termination occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned. (5) Health Benefits Continuation Coverage. Reimbursement of COBRA premiums for continuation coverage under our group medical plan for 24 months (in the case of Mr. Beck) or 12 months (in the case of each other participant) following his or her termination date, so long as he or she is not entitled to obtain insurance from a subsequent employer. (6) Outplacement Services. Reasonable outplacement service expenses for 24 months (in the case of Mr. Beck) or 12 months (in the case of each other participant) following the termination date, not exceeding $25,000 per year. If a qualifying termination occurs within one (1) year immediately following a change in control or within six (6) months immediately prior to such change in control, then the participant is entitled to the benefits described immediately above, except the amounts described in items (2) and (3) will be increased to be two times salary and average bonus for all participants, except for Mr. Beck, whose benefits would remain at two times salary and average bonus. Such severance benefits will be payable over a period of 24 months following Mr. Beck’s termination date and a period of 12 months following the termination date of each other participant. If employment is terminated due to the participant’s disability, he or she will be entitled to the same benefits as if a qualifying termination without a change in control occurred, except that he or she is not entitled to 30 days’ notice of termination (or payment in lieu thereof). The disability severance benefits will be reduced by the amount of any disability benefits paid to the participant pursuant to any disability insurance, plan, or policy provided by us to or for the benefit of the participant. If any disability benefits paid to an participant pursuant to any disability insurance, plan, or policy provided by us are not subject to local, state, or federal taxation, then our severance obligations in the event of termination due to the participant’s disability will be reduced by an amount equal to the gross taxable amount that we would have been required to pay in order to yield the net, after-tax benefit that the participant actually received pursuant to such disability insurance, plan, or policy. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 57 “Qualifying Termination” With a Change in Control Disability Termination Event Death Severance Benefits Annual Incentive Compensation. The pro-rata portion of any bonus for the year in which death occurs, to the extent earned, plus, if death occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned (paid to the participant’s designated beneficiary or estate, as applicable). Voluntary Termination Annual Incentive Compensation. If termination occurs after year-end but before the bonus for the preceding year is paid, the bonus for the preceding year, to the extent earned (the participant is not entitled to any bonus for the year during which voluntary termination occurs). Cause None. In addition to the benefits provided for under the Severance Plan, and, formerly, the executive employment agreements, our long-term incentive award agreements provide for the following treatment of awards following termination: Termination Event By the Company Without Cause, by the Executive for Good Reason, Due to Disability, or Due to Death “Double-Trigger” Change in Control Retirement • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Award Treatment Non-Qualified Stock Option Awards: Pro-rata accelerated vesting of any unvested shares. Restricted Stock Awards: Pro-rata accelerated vesting of any unvested shares. Performance-Contingent RSUs: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Cash-Settled Performance Units: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Performance Restricted Stock Units*: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Non-Qualified Stock Option Awards: Full accelerated vesting in the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control. Restricted Stock Awards: Full accelerated vesting in the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control. Performance-Contingent RSUs: Full accelerated vesting at target in the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control. Cash-Settled Performance Units: Full accelerated vesting at target in the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control. Performance Restricted Stock Units*: Full accelerated vesting (of the time-based RSUs resulting from the conversion of performance restricted stock units that are earned based upon performance determined at the time of the change in control) in the event of a termination of employment by us without cause or by the executive as a result of good reason within six months before or one year after the effective date of a change in control. Non-Qualified Stock Option Awards: Continued vesting as if the executive remained employed. Restricted Stock Awards: Unvested shares are forfeited as of the termination date. Performance-Contingent RSUs: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Cash-Settled Performance Units: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Performance Restricted Stock Units*: Eligibility to vest in a pro-rata portion of the award, subject to actual performance over the full performance period. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 58 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Termination Event Award Treatment An executive is generally eligible for “Retirement” when he or she (i) is 65 or older at the time of termination, or (ii) is 55 or older at the time of termination and has completed ten (10) years of service to Regional. __________ * PRSUs are a new element of our long-term incentive program in 2022 and the performance-contingent award that replaced the performance-contingent RSUs and cash settled performance units. The following table provides information concerning the payments and the value of other benefits that our named executive officers would have been eligible to receive if their employment had been terminated under the described circumstances on December 31, 2022. Our obligation to provide the payments and other benefits described in the table are found in each name executive officer’s former employment agreement and in long-term incentive award agreements, in each case as described above. See “Executive Severance and Change in Control Plan“ above, as well as the description of the termination benefits under the Severance Plan in the preceding paragraphs, for a discussion of our new Severance Plan that superseded the former employment agreements of our named executive officers effective April 6, 2023. In calculating the amounts included in the table below, we have assumed (i) that the termination event and/or change in control occurred on December 31, 2022, (ii) a share price of $28.08 (our closing share price on December 30, 2022), and (iii) the following: • • • • • “Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice”: We have assumed that we will elect to pay 30 days’ base salary in lieu of allowing the NEO to work through any required 30-day termination notice period. “Severance Payment”: The amount represents a combination of the “Base Salary Continuation” and “Average Bonus” payments described above. “Annual Incentive Compensation”: The amount is based upon the level of performance and percentage payout actually achieved, as determined by the Compensation Committee in February 2023. “Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting”: The value associated with accelerated non-qualified stock option awards has been calculated by multiplying the number of accelerated shares by the amount by which our stock price as of December 31, 2022 exceeded (if at all) the exercise price of the option. For any performance-contingent long-term incentive award where vesting remains subject to actual performance over a performance period, (1) we have calculated the value (if any) of awards associated with performance periods ending in 2022 based on actual performance, and (2) we have ascribed no value to awards associated with performance periods ending after 2022 because there is no guarantee that we will meet the threshold performance criteria required for these awards to vest and be paid. “Other Benefits”: The amount includes reimbursement of COBRA premiums for continuation coverage and the value of outplacement services. We have assumed (1) that the NEO will not become entitled to obtain insurance from a subsequent employer, and (2) that the NEO will receive the maximum value of outplacement services. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 59 Name Robert W. Beck Harpreet Rana John D. Schachtel Brian J. Fisher Manish Parmar Type of Payment or Benefit Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice Severance Payment Annual Incentive Compensation Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting(2) Other Benefits Total Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice Severance Payment Annual Incentive Compensation Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting(2) Other Benefits Total Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice Severance Payment Annual Incentive Compensation Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting(2) Other Benefits Total Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice Severance Payment Annual Incentive Compensation Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting(2) Other Benefits Total Payment in Lieu of 30 Days’ Notice Severance Payment Annual Incentive Compensation Long-Term Incentive Award Vesting(2) Other Benefits Total Termination Event Termination by the Company Without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason ($) 54,247 3,290,817 607,860 2,124,943 50,000 6,127,867 34,521 833,140 257,880 124,925 25,000 1,275,466 36,247 905,728 267,246 777,556 41,394 2,028,171 33,863 838,926 249,672 672,243 31,058 1,825,762 29,836 724,537 222,882 614,934 25,000 1,617,189 Termination by the Company Without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason in Connection with a Change in Control ($) 54,247 3,290,817 607,860 3,354,914 50,000 7,357,838 34,521 1,666,280 257,880 626,705 25,000 2,610,386 36,247 1,811,456 267,246 1,069,484 41,394 3,225,827 33,863 1,677,852 249,672 939,095 31,058 2,931,540 29,836 1,449,074 222,882 757,084 25,000 2,483,876 Termination Due to Disability ($) — 3,290,817 607,860 2,124,943 50,000 6,073,620 — 833,140 257,880 124,925 25,000 1,240,945 — 905,728 267,246 777,556 41,394 1,991,924 — 838,926 249,672 672,243 31,058 1,791,899 — 724,537 222,882 614,934 25,000 1,587,353 Termination Due to Death ($) — — 607,860 2,124,943 — 2,732,803 — — 257,880 124,925 — 382,805 — — 267,246 777,556 — 1,044,802 — — 249,672 672,243 — 921,915 — — 222,882 614,934 — 837,816 Voluntary Termination by the Executive(1) ($) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (1) (2) A voluntary termination that is treated as a “retirement” may result in pro-rata or continued vesting of certain long-term incentive awards. None of our NEOs were eligible for “retirement” as of December 31, 2022. See “Executive Compensation Tables – Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” for a summary of equity-based long- term incentive awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, in addition to equity-based long-term incentive awards, Mr. Beck, Ms. Rana, and Messrs. Schachtel, Fisher, and Parmar held one or more cash-settled performance unit awards having an aggregate target value of $560,000; $166,250; $160,500; $150,000; and $132,000, respectively. The amounts shown in the table do not include payments and benefits to the extent they are provided generally to all salaried employees upon termination of employment and do not discriminate in scope, terms, or operation in favor of our NEOs. Because the amounts in the table are calculated subject to the assumptions provided and on the basis of the occurrence of a termination as of a particular date and under a particular set of circumstances, the actual amount to be paid to each of our NEOs upon a termination or change in control may vary significantly from the amounts included in the table. Factors that could affect these amounts include the timing during the year of the termination event and the type of termination event that occurs. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 60 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) The discussion that follows describes certain material terms of our principal long-term incentive plans and our principal cash SUMMARY OF COMPANY INCENTIVE PLANS incentive plan. Long-Term Incentive Plans 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan The 2015 Plan became effective April 22, 2015, and was last amended and restated effective May 20, 2021. The 2015 Plan was further amended February 17, 2022 to allow for future performance awards to vest based upon the attainment of actual performance following the occurrence of a double-trigger change in control event, unless an individual award agreement provides otherwise. The purposes of the 2015 Plan are (i) to encourage and enable selected employees, directors, and consultants to acquire or increase their holdings of our common stock and other equity-based interests and/or to provide other incentive awards in order to promote a closer identification of their interests with our interests and those of our stockholders, and (ii) to provide us with flexibility to motivate, attract, and retain the services of participants upon whose judgment, interest, and special effort the successful conduct of our operation largely depends. Awards granted under the 2015 Plan may be in the form of incentive or non- qualified stock options, SARs (including related or freestanding SARs), RSAs, RSU awards, performance share awards, performance unit awards, phantom stock awards, other stock-based awards, and/or dividend equivalent awards. Awards may be granted under the 2015 Plan until April 21, 2025 or the plan’s earlier termination by the Board. The 2015 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, subject to Board oversight. The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock that we may issue pursuant to awards granted under the 2015 Plan may not exceed the sum of (i) 2,600,000 shares, plus (ii) any shares (A) remaining available for grant as of the effective date of the 2015 Plan under any prior plan and/or (B) subject to an award granted under a prior plan, which award is forfeited, canceled, terminated, expires, or lapses for any reason without the issuance of shares or pursuant to which such shares are forfeited. In addition, shares subject to certain awards will again be available for issuance (or otherwise not counted against the maximum number of available shares) under the 2015 Plan, including unissued or forfeited shares subject to awards that are canceled, terminate, expire, are forfeited, or lapse for any reason; awards settled in cash; dividends (including dividends paid in shares) or dividend equivalents paid in cash in connection with outstanding awards; and shares subject to an award other than an option or SAR that are not issued for any reason (including failure to achieve maximum performance criteria). Further, the following will not reduce the maximum number of shares available under the 2015 Plan: (i) shares issued under the 2015 Plan through the settlement, assumption, or substitution of outstanding awards granted by another entity or obligations to grant future awards in connection with a merger or similar transaction that involves our acquisition of another entity, and (ii) available shares under a stockholder approved plan of an acquired company (as adjusted to reflect the transaction) that are used for awards under the 2015 Plan, in each case, subject to NYSE listing requirements. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan, the participant award limitations, and the terms of awards may also be adjusted in the event of an adjustment in our capital structure (due to a merger, recapitalization, stock split, stock dividend, or similar event). (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan The 2011 Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 950,000 shares of common stock pursuant to awards granted under the plan. Awards may include incentive or non-qualified stock options, SARs (including related or freestanding SARs), other stock- based awards (including shares of common stock, restricted shares, RSUs, and awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based on, the fair market value of our common stock), and/or performance-based awards to our and our subsidiaries’ key employees, directors, or other service providers. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the plan and the terms of awards may be adjusted upon certain events affecting our capitalization. The 2011 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee and was replaced by the 2015 Plan. Awards may no longer be granted under the 2011 Plan, and any shares that remained available for grant have been rolled over to the 2015 Plan. However, awards that remain outstanding under the 2011 Plan will continue in accordance with their respective terms. Annual Incentive Plan The Annual Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee and provides for the payment of incentive bonuses based on the attainment of performance objectives in the form of cash or, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, in awards of shares under the 2015 Plan. The purpose of the Annual Incentive Plan is to enable us to attract, retain, motivate, and reward selected officers and other employees by providing them with the opportunity to earn annual incentive compensation awards based on the attainment of certain performance objectives. The Compensation Committee will establish the performance periods over which performance objectives will be measured. A performance period may be for a fiscal year or a shorter period, as determined by the Compensation Committee, and performance periods may overlap. For a given performance Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 61 period, the Compensation Committee will establish (i) the performance objective or objectives that must be achieved for a participant to be eligible to receive a bonus for such performance period, and (ii) the target incentive bonus for each participant. The Compensation Committee may adjust awards as appropriate for partial achievement of goals or other factors, and may interpret and make necessary and appropriate adjustments to performance goals and the manner in which goals are evaluated. The Compensation Committee has absolute discretion to reduce or eliminate the amount of an award granted to a participant, including an award otherwise earned and payable under the Annual Incentive Plan, and to establish rules or procedures that have the effect of limiting the amount payable to each participant to an amount that is less than the maximum amount otherwise authorized as that participant’s target incentive bonus. No participant may receive a bonus under the Annual Incentive Plan, with respect to any fiscal year, in excess of $2,500,000. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 62 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS We are seeking stockholder action on the following three proposals, which are described in greater detail below: 1. 2. 3. The election of the nine nominees named in this Proxy Statement to serve as members of the Board until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified; The ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023; and The approval, on an advisory basis, of our executive compensation. Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors Our Bylaws currently provide that the number of directors of the Company shall be fixed from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board. There are presently nine directors. The Nominating Committee evaluates the size and composition of the Board on at least an annual basis. In connection therewith, the Nominating Committee has nominated and recommends for election as directors the following nine nominees: Philip V. Bancroft, Robert W. Beck, Jonathan D. Brown, Roel C. Campos, Maria Contreras-Sweet, Michael R. Dunn, Steven J. Freiberg, Sandra K. Johnson, and Carlos Palomares. Each nominee presently serves as a director. Directors shall be elected to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation, removal, or death. A candidate for election as a director is nominated to stand for election based on his or her professional experience, recognized achievements in his or her respective fields, an ability to contribute to some aspect of our business, and the willingness to make the commitment of time and effort required of a director. A description of the background, business experience, skills, qualifications, attributes, and certain other information with respect to each of the nominees for election to the Board can be found above in the “Board of Directors and Corporate Governance Matters” section of this Proxy Statement. Each of the above-listed nominees has been identified as possessing an appropriate diversity of background and experience, good judgment, deep knowledge of our industry, strength of character, and an independent mind, as well as a reputation for integrity and high personal and professional ethics. Each nominee also brings a strong and unique background and set of skills to the Board, giving the Board, as a whole, competence and experience in a wide variety of areas. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) In selecting this slate of nominees for 2023, the Nominating Committee specifically considered the background and business experience of each of the nominees, along with the familiarity of the nominees with our business and prospects, which has been developed as a result of their service on our Board. The Nominating Committee believes that such familiarity will be helpful in addressing the opportunities and challenges that we face in the current business environment. Each of the nine nominees has consented to being named in this Proxy Statement and to serve as a director, if elected. In the event that any nominee withdraws, or for any reason is unable to serve as a director, the proxies will be voted for such other person as may be designated by the Nominating Committee as a substitute nominee, but in no event will proxies be voted for more than nine nominees. The Nominating Committee has no reason to believe that any nominee will not continue to be a candidate or will not serve if elected. The Board unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the election of each of the nominees listed above. Proposal No. 2: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm The Audit Committee has selected Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, and the Audit Committee and the Board recommend that the stockholders ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 2023. A representative of Deloitte & Touche LLP plans to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, will have the opportunity to make a statement, and will be available to respond to appropriate questions. Although ratification is not required, the Board is submitting the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate governance. In the event that the stockholders fail to ratify the appointment, the Audit Committee will consider whether to appoint another independent registered public accounting firm. The Board unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 63 Change in Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm As disclosed in the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 2, 2021, on October 27, 2021, the Company notified RSM US LLP of its dismissal as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm effective upon the completion of RSM US LLP’s audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. The Audit Committee approved the dismissal of RSM US LLP pursuant to authority specified in its charter following consideration of a competitive proposal process conducted in the second half of 2021. Neither of the audit reports of RSM US LLP on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 contained an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and neither such audit report was qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were: (i) no disagreements (as that term is defined in Item 304 of Regulation S-K) between the Company and RSM US LLP on any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which, if not resolved to the satisfaction of RSM US LLP, would have caused RSM US LLP to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its reports; and (ii) no events reportable pursuant to Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K. As disclosed in the Company’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 2, 2021, on October 27, 2021, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of Deloitte & Touche LLP as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm for the Company’s fiscal year ending December 31, 2022, subject to completion of Deloitte & Touche LLP’s standard client acceptance procedures and execution of an engagement letter. The Audit Committee approved Deloitte & Touche LLP’s engagement pursuant to authority specified in its charter. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, neither the Company nor anyone on its behalf has consulted with Deloitte & Touche LLP regarding: (i) the application of accounting principles to a specific transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to the Company that Deloitte & Touche LLP concluded was an important factor considered in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue; (ii) any matter that was the subject of a disagreement within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions; or (iii) any reportable event within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed to us by Deloitte & Touche LLP for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and by RSM US LLP for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Audit Fees Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total Year Ended December 31, 2022 Year Ended December 31, 2021 $ $ 1,157,517 235,000 — — 1,392,517 $ $ 1,244,428 13,910 — — 1,258,338 In the above table, in accordance with applicable SEC rules: • • • “Audit Fees” are fees billed for professional services rendered by the independent registered public accounting firm for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of consolidated financial statements included in our Forms 10-Q, and services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. “Audit-Related Fees” are fees billed for assurance and related services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements that are not reported above under “Audit Fees.” In 2022 and 2021, these fees were for attest services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm related to financial reporting that are not required by statute or regulation. “Tax Fees” are fees billed for professional services rendered by the independent registered public accounting firm for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning. There were no such fees incurred in 2022 or 2021. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 64 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) • “All Other Fees” represent fees billed for ancillary professional services that are not reported above under “Audit Fees,” “Audit-Related Fees,” or “Tax Fees.” There were no such fees incurred in 2022 or 2021. Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures It is the policy of the Audit Committee to pre-approve all audit and permitted non-audit services proposed to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee reviewed and pre-approved all of the services performed by Deloitte & Touche LLP during 2022. The process for such pre-approval is typically as follows: Audit Committee pre-approval is sought at one of the Audit Committee’s regularly scheduled meetings following the presentation of information at such meeting detailing the particular services proposed to be performed. The authority to pre-approve audit and non-audit services may be delegated by the Audit Committee to the Chair of the Audit Committee, who shall present any decision to pre-approve an activity to the full Audit Committee at the first regular meeting following such decision. None of the services described above were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to the exception provided by Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) under Regulation S-X. The Audit Committee has reviewed the non-audit services provided by Deloitte & Touche LLP and has determined that the provision of such services is compatible with maintaining Deloitte & Touche LLP’s independence. Proposal No. 3: Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation In accordance with the requirements of Section 14A of the Exchange Act and the related rules of the SEC, our stockholders have the opportunity to cast an advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed pursuant to the SEC’s compensation disclosure rules, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables, and the narrative disclosures that accompany the compensation tables in this Proxy Statement (a “Say-on-Pay Vote”). Taking into consideration the most recent voting results from our 2018 annual stockholders’ meeting concerning the frequency of the Say-on- Pay Vote, we determined that we will hold an annual advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers until the next required advisory vote on the frequency of such votes. The Compensation Committee oversees the development of a compensation program designed to attract, retain, and motivate executives who enable us to achieve our strategic and financial goals. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables, and the accompanying narrative disclosure illustrate the trends in compensation and the application of our compensation philosophies and practices for the years presented. We encourage stockholders to read the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, which describes the details of our executive compensation program and the decisions made by the Compensation Committee in 2022. The Compensation Committee believes that our executive compensation program achieves an appropriate balance between fixed compensation and variable incentive compensation, pays for performance, and promotes an alignment between the interests of our named executive officers and our stockholders. Accordingly, we are asking our stockholders to vote “FOR” the non-binding advisory resolution approving the compensation of our named executive officers, including as described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables, and the accompanying narrative discussion. Because your vote is advisory, it will not be binding upon us, the Compensation Committee, or the Board. However, the Compensation Committee and the Board value the opinions of our stockholders and will take the outcome of the vote into account when considering future executive compensation arrangements. The Board unanimously recommends a vote “FOR” the advisory approval of the compensation of our named executive officers. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 65 OTHER INFORMATION Audit Committee Report The Audit Committee oversees our financial reporting process on behalf of the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter, a copy of which is available on our Investor Relations website, www.regionalmanagement.com. This report reviews the actions taken by the Audit Committee with regard to our financial reporting process during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and particularly with regard to the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The Audit Committee is composed solely of independent directors under existing NYSE listing standards and SEC requirements. None of the committee members is or has been an officer or employee of the Company or any of our subsidiaries or has engaged in any business transaction or has any business or family relationship with the Company or any of our subsidiaries or affiliates. In addition, the Board of Directors has determined that Messrs. Philip V. Bancroft, Steven J. Freiberg, and Carlos Palomares are “audit committee financial experts,” as defined by SEC rules. Our management has the primary responsibility for our financial statements and reporting process, including the systems of internal controls. The independent auditors are responsible for performing an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States and issuing a report thereon. The Audit Committee’s responsibility is to monitor and oversee these processes and to select annually the accountants to serve as our independent auditors for the coming year. The Audit Committee has implemented procedures to ensure that during the course of each fiscal year it devotes the attention that it deems necessary or appropriate to fulfill its oversight responsibilities under the Audit Committee’s charter. To carry out its responsibilities, the Audit Committee met six times during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. In fulfilling its oversight responsibilities, the Audit Committee reviewed and discussed with management the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, including a discussion of the quality, rather than just the acceptability, of the accounting principles, the reasonableness of significant judgments, and the clarity of disclosures in the financial statements. The Audit Committee also discussed our audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, with the independent auditors, who are responsible for expressing an opinion on the conformity of those audited consolidated financial statements with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, their judgments as to the quality, rather than just the acceptability, of our accounting principles, and has discussed with the independent auditors the matters required to be discussed by the applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the SEC. In addition, the Audit Committee discussed with the auditors their independence from management and the Company, including the matters in the written disclosures and the letter required by the PCAOB regarding the independent auditors’ communications with the Audit Committee regarding independence. The Audit Committee also considered whether the provision of services during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, by the auditors that were unrelated to their audit of the consolidated financial statements referred to above and to their reviews of our interim consolidated financial statements during the fiscal year is compatible with maintaining their independence. Additionally, the Audit Committee discussed with the independent auditors the overall scope and plan for their audit. The Audit Committee met with the independent auditors, with and without management present, to discuss the results of their examination, their evaluation of our internal controls, and the overall quality of our financial reporting. In reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited consolidated financial statements be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for filing with the SEC. This report of the Audit Committee has been prepared by members of the Audit Committee. Members of the Audit Committee: Philip V. Bancroft (Chair) Roel C. Campos Steven J. Freiberg Carlos Palomares Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 66 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of the close of trading on April 3, 2023, of: (i) each person known by us to beneficially own more than five percent of our common stock; (ii) each of our directors; (iii) each of our named executive officers; and (iv) all of our directors and executive officers, as a group. For purposes of the following and the accompanying footnotes, references to “executive officers” include our named executive officers. Shares Beneficially Owned(1) Name BlackRock, Inc.(2) Forager Fund, LP(3) Basswood Capital Management, L.L.C.(4) Wellington Management Group LLP and affiliates(5) Dimensional Fund Advisors LP(6) Philip V. Bancroft Jonathan D. Brown(7) Roel C. Campos(8) Maria Contreras-Sweet Michael R. Dunn Steven J. Freiberg(9) Sandra K. Johnson Carlos Palomares(10) Robert W. Beck(11) Harpreet Rana(12) John D. Schachtel(13) Brian J. Fisher(14) Manish Parmar(15) All directors and executive officers, as a group (13 persons) * Amount represents less than 1.0% Number 1,042,908 975,725 873,235 793,431 763,511 29,605 17,789 104,913 20,587 98,483 175,037 7,499 61,326 170,295 22,714 119,848 100,831 39,811 968,738 Percentage 10.9% 10.2% 9.1% 8.3% 8.0% * * 1.1% * 1.0% 1.8% * * 1.8% * 1.3% 1.1% * 9.8% (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) (1) (2) (3) (4) Applicable percentage of ownership is based upon 9,585,417 shares of our common stock outstanding on April 3, 2023. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and includes voting and investment power with respect to shares shown as beneficially owned. Shares of common stock subject to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days are deemed outstanding for computing the shares and percentage ownership of the person holding such options, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person or entity. Except as otherwise indicated, the persons or entities listed in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them. The address for all directors and officers listed in the table is c/o Regional Management Corp., 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, SC 29651. The information reported is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on January 23, 2023, reporting the sole power of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) to vote or direct the vote of 961,251 shares and the sole power of BlackRock to dispose or direct the disposition of 1,042,908 shares. The business address of BlackRock is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055. The information reported is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 10, 2023, reporting: (i) sole power of Forager Fund LP (“FFLP”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 784,566 shares; (ii) sole power of Forager Capital Management, LLC (“FCM”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 975,725 shares; (iii) the shared power of Edward Kissel to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 975,725 shares; and (iv) the shared power of Robert MacArthur to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 975,725 shares. The business address of FFLP, FCM, Mr. Kissel, and Mr. McArthur is 2024 3rd Ave. N, Suite 201, Birmingham, AL 35203. The information reported is based on a Form 4 filed with the SEC on December 1, 2022, reporting (i) shared power of Basswood Capital Management, L.L.C. (“Basswood”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 873,235 shares; (ii) shared power of Basswood Opportunity Partners, LP (“BOP”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 183,386 shares; (iii) shared power of Basswood Opportunity Fund, Inc. (“BOF”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 3,788 shares; (iv) shared power of Basswood Financial Fund, LP (“BFF”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 72,575 shares; (v) shared power of Basswood Financial Long Only Fund, LP (“BFLOF”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 34,108 shares; (vi) shared Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 67 power of Basswood, BOP, BOF, BFF, and BFLOF (collectively, the “Managed Accounts”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 561,589 shares; (vii) shared power of Matthew Lindenbaum to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 873,235 shares; and (viii) shared power of Bennett Lindenbaum to vote or direct the vote and to dispose of or direct the disposition of 873,235 shares. Matthew Lindenbaum and Bennett Lindenbaum are the Managing Members of Basswood and may be deemed to have a pecuniary interest in the shares held directly or indirectly by the Managed Accounts. The information also includes 17,789 shares held by Mr. Brown, a partner at Basswood, who serves on the Board pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement (as amended by the Letter Agreement) described in detail below in the section entitled “Other Information – Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.” As a result, Basswood is a “director-by-deputization” solely for the purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Pursuant to Rule 16a-1 of the Exchange Act, Basswood may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares of common stock issued to Mr. Brown. The business address of Basswood is 645 Madison Avenue, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10022. (5) The information reported is based on Schedules 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023, reporting: (i) shared power of Wellington Management Group LLP (“WMG”) to vote or direct the vote of 774,213 shares and to dispose or direct the disposition of 793,431 shares; (ii) shared power of Wellington Group Holdings LLP (“WGH”) to vote or direct the vote of 774,213 shares and to dispose or direct the disposition of 793,431 shares; (iii) shared power of Wellington Investment Advisors Holdings LLP (“WIAH”) to vote or direct the vote of 774,213 shares and to dispose or direct the disposition of 793,431 shares; (iv) shared power of Wellington Management Company LLP (“WMC”) to vote or direct the vote of 758,911 shares and to dispose or direct the disposition of 778,129 shares; and (v) shared power of Wellington Trust Company, NA (“WTC”) to vote or direct the vote and to dispose or direct the disposition of 758,911 shares. The business address of WMG, WGH, WIAH, WMC, and WTC is 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210. (6) The information reported is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023, reporting the sole power of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (“Dimensional”) to vote or direct the vote of 750,847 shares and the sole power of Dimensional to dispose or direct the disposition of 763,511 shares. The business address of Dimensional is 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, TX 78746. (7) Mr. Brown is a partner at Basswood, serving on the Board pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement (as amended by the Letter Agreement) described in detail below in the section entitled “Other Information – Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.” As a result, Basswood is a “director-by-deputization” solely for the purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Pursuant to Rule 16a-1 of the Exchange Act, Basswood may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares of common stock issued to Mr. Brown. (8) The amount stated includes 14,670 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Campos will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Campos and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (9) Mr. Freiberg holds 104,648 shares directly. Additional shares stated are owned by (i) Neena Freiberg (Mr. Freiberg’s wife) (30,000 shares), and (ii) the Neena Freiberg Irrevocable Trust, of which Mr. Freiberg is trustee (22,448 shares). The amount stated also includes 17,941 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Freiberg will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Freiberg and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (10) The amount stated includes 18,670 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Palomares will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Palomares and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (11) The amount stated includes 113,105 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Beck will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Beck and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 68 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) (12) The amount stated includes 11,580 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Ms. Rana will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Ms. Rana and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (13) The amount stated includes 78,803 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Schachtel will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Schachtel and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (14) The amount stated includes 68,873 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Fisher will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Fisher and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. (15) The amount stated includes 18,886 shares subject to options either currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 3, 2023, over which Mr. Parmar will not have voting or investment power until the options are exercised. The option shares described in this footnote are considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding stock owned by Mr. Parmar and by directors and executive officers as a group, but not for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of our common stock to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and our other equity securities. To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to directors, officers, and greater than ten percent beneficial owners were timely complied with by such persons, with the exception of one Form 4 that was not timely filed for one transaction for Steven B. Barnette, our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer. The transaction was not timely reported due to an administrative error, but was reported promptly on a Form 4 after the oversight was discovered. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions Cooperation Agreement On January 26, 2018, we entered into a Cooperation Agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with Basswood, pursuant to which we appointed Jonathan D. Brown to the Board, effective January 26, 2018. On November 28, 2022, the parties entered into a letter agreement amending certain provisions of the Cooperation Agreement, as described in more detail below (the “Letter Agreement”). Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, as amended, Mr. Brown is required to, at all times while serving as a member of the Board, comply with all policies, procedures, processes, codes, rules, standards, and guidelines applicable to non-employee Board members. In addition, the Cooperation Agreement, as amended by the Letter Agreement, provides that Mr. Brown must offer to resign from the Board if (i) Basswood and its affiliates, collectively, no longer beneficially own an aggregate “net long position” of the lesser of 7.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock or 718,657 shares of our common stock (subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, and similar adjustments), or (ii) Basswood fails to comply with or breaches any of the terms of the Cooperation Agreement in any material respect and, if capable of being cured, such material breach or failure has not been cured within 15 days after receipt by Basswood of written notice from us specifying such material breach or failure, provided that we are not in material breach of the Cooperation Agreement at such time. The Cooperation Agreement also provides that, if requested by Basswood, we are obligated to appoint Mr. Brown to any existing or newly created committee of the Board that may be designated to oversee or review strategic alternatives (including an extraordinary transaction). In the Cooperation Agreement, in addition to certain confidentiality and non-disparagement provisions, Basswood has agreed to various customary standstill provisions for the duration of the Standstill Period (as defined below), which provide, among other things, that Basswood and its affiliates will not (i) acquire beneficial ownership of 19.9% or more of the outstanding shares of our Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 69 common stock; (ii) participate in a proxy solicitation with respect to the voting of any shares of our common stock; (iii) submit a proposal for or offer of any extraordinary transaction or propose a change in the structure, size, or composition of the Board or executive officers of the Company; or (iv) subject to certain exceptions for open market and underwritten transactions, sell shares of our common stock to a third party or group that to Basswood’s knowledge would result in such third party or group owning 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Basswood has also agreed that, during the Standstill Period, it shall cause the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by it and its affiliates to be voted (i) in favor of each director nominated by the Board for election, and (ii) in accordance with the Board’s recommendations on all other matters; provided that Basswood and its affiliates may vote their shares of our common stock in their sole discretion with respect to (a) a proposal to authorize or approve an extraordinary transaction, (b) matters related to the implementation of takeover defenses, (c) new or amended incentive compensation plans submitted for stockholder approval, or (d) any other proposal if either Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. or Glass Lewis & Co., LLC do not recommend voting in accordance with the Board’s recommendation with respect to such proposal (other than with respect to the election or removal of directors) at any annual or special meeting of stockholders. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the “Standstill Period” was initially defined to mean the period commencing on January 26, 2018 and ending on the earliest of (i) 12:01 a.m. (New York time) on the date that is 20 days prior to the nomination deadline for the 2019 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2019 Annual Meeting”), (ii) if we fail to comply with or breach any of the terms of the Cooperation Agreement in any material respect and, if capable of being cured, such material breach or failure has not been cured within 15 days after receipt by us of written notice from Basswood specifying such material breach or failure, provided that Basswood is not in material breach of the Cooperation Agreement at such time, (iii) the consummation of an extraordinary transaction following which consummation the director designated by Basswood no longer serves on the Board, and (iv) a reorganization of the Company under any federal or state law relating to bankruptcy or insolvency. However, the Cooperation Agreement provides that if we provide written notice to Basswood that we will nominate a director designated by Basswood for election to the Board at the 2019 Annual Meeting or for any annual meeting of stockholders of the Company subsequent thereto (each, an “Applicable Meeting”) at least 20 days prior to the nomination deadline for such Applicable Meeting and Basswood has agreed in advance to such nomination, then the Standstill Period will be automatically extended until the date that is 20 days prior to the nomination deadline for the annual stockholders meeting subsequent to such Applicable Meeting. The Letter Agreement extends the standstill restrictions and voting obligations of Basswood under the Cooperation Agreement to 20 days prior to the nomination deadline for our 2024 Annual Meeting through our agreement with Basswood to nominate Mr. Brown for election to the Board at the Annual Meeting. The Cooperation Agreement, as amended, terminates upon the expiration of the Standstill Period (subject to any extensions as provided in the Cooperation Agreement), provided that the confidentiality provisions of the Cooperation Agreement will survive for a period of 18 months following the date upon which no director designated by Basswood serves as a director of the Company. Statement of Policy Regarding Transactions with Related Persons Our Board has adopted a written statement of policy regarding transactions with related persons, which we refer to as our “related person policy.” Our related person policy requires that a “related person” (as defined in paragraph (a) of Item 404 of Regulation S-K) must promptly disclose to our General Counsel, or other person designated by our Board, any “related person transaction” (defined as any transaction that is anticipated and would be reportable by us under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, which includes transactions in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest) and all material facts with respect thereto. The General Counsel, or such other person, will then promptly communicate that information to our Board or the Audit Committee. No related person transaction will be executed without the approval or ratification of the Audit Committee. It is our policy that directors interested in a related person transaction will recuse themselves from any vote of a related person transaction in which they have an interest and provide all material information he or she has concerning the related person transaction to the Audit Committee. Our policy does not specify the standards to be applied by directors in determining whether or not to approve or ratify a related person transaction, and we accordingly anticipate that these determinations will be made in accordance with principles of Delaware law generally applicable to directors of a Delaware corporation. In determining whether to approve or ratify a related person transaction, the Board may consider such facts and circumstances as it deems appropriate, including (1) the benefits to us; (2) the availability of other sources for comparable products or services; (3) the terms of the proposed related person transaction; and (4) the terms available to unrelated third parties or to employees generally in an arms-length negotiation. Indemnification of Directors and Officers Our Bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). In addition, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that our directors will Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 70 (cid:87) (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:374) (cid:410) (cid:410) not be liable for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers to which indemnification is being sought, and we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any director, officer, or other party. Proposals by Stockholders Under certain conditions, stockholders may request that we include a proposal at a forthcoming meeting of our stockholders in our proxy materials for such meeting. Under SEC Rule 14a-8, any stockholder desiring to present such a proposal to be acted upon at the 2024 Annual Meeting and included in the proxy materials for such meeting must ensure that we receive the proposal at our principal executive office in Greer, South Carolina by December 14, 2023, in order for the proposal to be eligible for inclusion in our proxy statement and proxy card relating to such meeting. If a stockholder desires to propose any business at an annual meeting of stockholders, even if the proposal or proposed director candidate is not to be included in our proxy statement, our Bylaws provide that the stockholder must deliver or mail timely advance written notice of such business to our principal executive office. Under our Bylaws, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice generally must be delivered to our Corporate Secretary at our principal executive offices not later than the 90th day before the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting and not earlier than the 120th day prior to such anniversary. However, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 20 days or delayed by more than 70 days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be delivered not earlier than the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. Each item of business must be made in accordance with, and must include the information required by, our Bylaws, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, and any other applicable law, rule, or regulation. Assuming that the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting is not advanced or delayed in the manner described above, the required notice for the 2024 Annual Meeting would need to be provided to us not earlier than January 19, 2024 and not later than February 18, 2024. (cid:87) (cid:396) (cid:381) (cid:454) (cid:455) (cid:94) (cid:410) (cid:258) (cid:410) (cid:286) (cid:373) (cid:286) (cid:374) (cid:410) In addition, to comply with the universal proxy rules, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees for election at the 2024 Annual Meeting other than the Company's nominees must provide notice that sets forth the additional information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, which notice must be postmarked or transmitted electronically to the Company at its principal executive offices no later than 60 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the Annual Meeting, which date is March 19, 2024. If the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting is changed by more than 30 calendar days from the first anniversary of the Annual Meeting, then any such notice must be provided by the later of 60 calendar days prior to the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting or the 10th calendar day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting is first made. Householding of Annual Meeting Materials Some banks, brokers, and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of “householding” annual reports and proxy statements. This means that only one copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Proxy Statement, as applicable, may have been sent to multiple stockholders in the same household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Proxy Statement, as applicable, to any stockholder upon request submitted in writing to us at the following address: Regional Management Corp., 979 Batesville Road, Suite B, Greer, South Carolina, 29651, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or by calling (864) 448-7000. Any stockholder who wants to receive separate copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Proxy Statement in the future, or who is currently receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy for his or her household, should contact his or her bank, broker, or other nominee record holder, or contact us at the above address and telephone number. Other Business The Board is not aware of any matters, other than those specified above, to come before the Annual Meeting for action by the stockholders. However, if any matter requiring a vote of the stockholders should be duly presented for a vote at the Annual Meeting, then the persons named in the proxy card intend to vote such proxy in accordance with their best judgment. Regional Management Corp. | Proxy Statement for 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders | 71 QUICK FACTS (as of December 31, 2022) $1.7 billion in finance receivables 345 branches 18states AL • CA • GA • ID • IL • IN • LA • MS • MO • NM • NC • OK • SC • TX • TN • UT • VA • WI MANAGEMENT TEAM Robert W. Beck President and Chief Executive Officer Harpreet Rana Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer John D. Schachtel Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Manish Parmar Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Risk Officer Brian J. Fisher Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy and Development Officer Catherine R. Atwood Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary CONTACT INFORMATION Regional Management Corp. 979 Batesville Road, Suite B Greer, SC 29651 Telephone: (864) 448-7000 RegionalManagement.com COMPANY OVERVIEW Regional Management Corp. (NYSE: RM) is a diversified consumer finance company focused on relationship-based lending. We provide flexible and affordable installment loan products primarily to customers with limited access to consumer credit from banks, thrifts, credit card companies, and other lenders. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately 517,700 accounts and $1.7 billion in outstanding finance receivables, which reflects a $273 million, or 19%, increase from December 31, 2021. BRANCH NETWORK & ORIGINATION CHANNELS We operate under the name “Regional Finance” online and in 345 branches across 18 states as of the end of 2022. Our integrated branch model is the foundation of our omni-channel origination strategy, with the majority of loans, regardless of origination channel, serviced through our branch network with the support of centralized sales, underwriting, service, collections, and administrative teams. We believe that our high-touch customer service model builds strong relationships, fosters customer loyalty, and improves credit performance. In addition to our branch network, we promote our products and facilitate loan applications and originations through direct mail campaigns, digital partners, and our consumer website. LOAN PRODUCTS We underwrite our loans based on our customers’ ability to make monthly payments out of their discretionary income, with the value of any pledged collateral serving as a credit enhancement rather than the primary underwriting criterion. Our loan products are more affordable and flexible than those offered by alternative financial service providers, such as payday and title lenders. We also report our customers’ payment performance to national credit reporting agencies, allowing our customers the opportunity to establish or repair their credit history. In 2022, we worked with many of our deserving customers to refinance nearly 35,000 of our customers’ small loans into large loans, representing $203.4 million in finance receivables at origination, and resulting in a decrease in these customers’ average APR from 42.2% to 30.2%. Our goal is to consistently grow our finance receivables and to soundly manage our portfolio risk, while providing our customers with attractive and easy-to-understand loan products that serve their varied financial needs. LOAN FEATURES • Fixed Rate • Fixed Term • Equal Monthly Payments • Fully-Amortizing • Flexible Loan Sizes & Maturities • No Pre-Payment Penalties Loan Products Size* Small Installment Loans Large Installment Loans Range: $500 – $2,500 Average loan size: $2,100 Range: $2,501 – $25,000 Average loan size: $6,000 *Average loan sizes and weighted APRs based on 2022 originations. Term 6 to 48 months APR* 42.7% 18 to 60 months 29.5% OPPORTUNITY FOR GROWTH We serve a large, addressable market of non-prime consumers. We plan to continue to increase the size of our overall loan receivables by focusing on the growth of our core small and large installment loan portfolios within our existing branches, by expanding our branch network in our current footprint and in nearby states, and by further leveraging digital origination channels. We believe that by broadening our origination channels, we will have the opportunity to reach new customers and to offer new products to existing customers as their credit profiles and needs evolve. BUSINESS & FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS • Revenue growth at a 5-year CAGR of 13.2%, from $272.5 million in 2017 to $507.2 million in 2022 • 2022 net income of $51.2 million • 2022 diluted earnings per share of $5.30 • Aggregate receivables growth at a 5-year CAGR of 15.3%, from $834.0 million in 2017 to $1.7 billion in 2022 INVESTOR INQUIRIES Garrett Edson, ICR • (203) 682-8331 • investor.relations@regionalmanagement.com 2022 Annual Report Fiscal Year 2022 Form 10-K Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Coast to Coast Commitment 2022 Annual Report Fiscal Year 2022 Form 10-K Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders R e g i o n a l M a n a g e m e n t C o r p . | 2 0 2 2 A n n u a l R e p o r t | F i s c a l Y e a r 2 0 2 2 F o r m 1 0 - K | P r o x y S t a t e m e n t f o r t h e 2 0 2 3 A n n u a l M e e t i n g o f S t o c k h o l d e r s