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FY2013 Annual Report · Rurelec
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ANNUAL REPORT  
NAN
 RT OPEL RAUN
UNTOCC AD
S
AND ACCOUNTS
AN
D

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Stock code: RUR

                                                                          
          
 
 
WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC 
WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC 
WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC 
WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC 
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER,  
 OFROTAATREP O
 ODN AREPOLE
EVED
DEVELOPER AND OPERATOR OF
ON CAPAAP CI YT
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 
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INTERNATIONALLY. 
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Originally focused on Latin America, Rur
Originally focused on Latin America, Rur
looking beyond Latin America following the acquisition 
looking beyond Latin America following the acquisition 
looking beyond Latin America following the acquisition 
of Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”), which 
of Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”), which 
of Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”), which 
n esedivorp
n esedivorp
(“O&M”) services globally to thir
(“O&M”) services globally to thir
gover
business consists of the ownership and development 
business consists of the ownership and development 
business consists of the ownership and development 
egional 
of power generation facilities on national and r
of power generation facilities on national and r
egional 
eas, selling wholesale electricity 
eas, selling wholesale electricity 
grids and in isolated ar
grids and in isolated ar
ough capacity 
ough capacity 
as a generator on commer
as a generator on commer
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payments or power pur
payments or power pur

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nments and multinationals. Rur

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Chile

development of new plants in

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in Argentin
and Peru.

e about our 
Read more about our 
Read mor
e about our 
strategy on page 04
strategy on page 04

Read more online at 
www.rurelec.com

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
SUMMARY

2013

2012

10.9

9.7

EDS OPERATING PROFIT
£ million
A change in contracting terms 
with CAMMESA results in a 
12.4 per cent. increase

01

GROUP CASH POSITION
£3.8 million

LOSS PER SHARE
7.92p

NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
10.46p

567.3 MW OF NEW 
BUILD PROJECTS 
IN PROGRESS

272.3 MW 
IN PERU

RUN-OF-
RIVER 
HYDROS

255

5.3

12

CONTENTS

Strategic Report

Chairman’s Statement 

At a Glance  

Our Projects 

Cochabamba Statement 
to the Press 

Chief Executive’s Review 
of Operations 

Business Review 

Our Governance

Board of Directors 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 
Statement 

02

04

05

06

08

12

14

16 

18

295 MW IN CHILE
TWO PROJECTS UNDER DEVELOPMENT

Our Financials

Independent Auditor’s Report 

20

CHILE
UPDATE

PERU
UPDATE

Successful fi nancing
The construction of the 5.3 MW 
Canchayllo plant and development of a 
further 12 MW of new projects was made 
possible by the successful fi nancing 
with IIC and further equity funding from 
Rurelec. Canchayllo is 95 per cent 
completed with commercial operation 
targeted for August 2014.

Arica and Central Illapa 
A lot has been happening in Chile.  
During the year we have purchased the 
land, turbine and transformer for Arica. 
Environmental approvals have been 
received for both Arica and Central Illapa. 
This allows us to commence construction 
at Arica while fi nalising selection of a joint 
venture partner for Central Illapa where 
fi nancing is expected to be achieved by 
Q4 2014.

Read more on 
pages 04 and 05

Consolidated 
Income Statement 

Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement 
of Financial Position 

Parent Company Statement 
of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement 
of Cash Flows 

Company Statement 
of Cash Flows 

Consolidated Statement 
of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of 
Changes in Equity 

Notes to the 
Financial Statements 

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

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02
02

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

“THE OBJECTIVE 
OF THE GROUP 
IS TO OWN 
AND OPERATE 
A PORTFOLIO 
OF GENERATING 
ASSETS IN 
DIFFERENT 
COUNTRIES AND 
OWNERSHIP 
STRUCTURES” 

Photograph: Gravel trap, Canchayllo, Peru.

Dear Shareholder 
I hereby present the results of 
Rurelec PLC (“Rurelec”) for the 
fi nancial year ended 
31 December 2013, my fi rst since 
joining the Board in October 2013. 
It has been a pivotal year for the 
Company as the arbitration hearing 
against Bolivia was completed 
in April 2013, and although the 
compensation award which was 
announced by the Permanent Court 
of Arbitration (“PCA”) in February 
2014 was signifi cantly less than 
management expected, it allows us 
to look to the future away from the 
shadow of Bolivia.

In doing so and in a bid to 
diversify our business we acquired 
Independent Power Corporation 
PLC (“IPC”) in June 2013, a 
company with an eighteen 
year history of developing, 
constructing and operating power 
generation facilities for corporate 
and government clients on four 
continents. The acquisition has seen 
us continue to switch from being a 
pure owner of power plants to an 
active developer and operator, both 
in Latin America and elsewhere.

In October with my appointment 
to the Board, Andrew Morris stood 
down after three and a half years 

as Non-Executive Chairman to take 
over as Group Finance Director, 
whilst Elizabeth Shaw has become 
Executive Director Project Finance. 
In addition, we are pleased to 
welcome Brian Rowbotham to 
the Board as Senior Independent 
Non-Executive Director. Brian is a 
qualifi ed Chartered Accountant and 
brings with him extensive corporate 
fi nance experience accumulated 
through his time working in the  City. 

Strategy
The Group strategy is to seek 
generation opportunities for small 
to medium sized power plants in 
countries where we can leverage 
our signifi cant proven experience 
of power plant development and 
operation. We have concentrated on 
the  southern  cone of South America 
in Argentina, Chile and Peru in 
recent years. However, we are also 
looking at opportunities in Africa, 
Europe and Asia where the addition 
of the past experience of IPC has 
been a critical development in the 
year. The objective of the Group 
is to own and operate a portfolio 
of generating assets in a number 
of different countries with differing 
ownership structures. In this way 
we minimise the country risk whilst 
bringing in funding partners to 

ensure that our capital is used in the 
most effi cient way.

Further details of the operations 
of the Company can be found in 
the Chief Executive’s Review of 
Operations.

I present the results of Rurelec PLC 
for the fi nancial year ended 
31 December 2013. 

Group Results
The Group loss after tax for the 
fi nancial year under review is 
£39.2 million (2012: £3.1 million 
loss). Most of the loss is due to the 
low level of award in the arbitration 
against the Government of Bolivia. 
The carrying value of the Bolivian 
entity was £51.5 million and was 
reported as a receivable in the 2012 
Report and Accounts. The amount 
of the investment claimed under 
Bilateral Investment Treaties, as 
submitted to the Permanent Court 
of Arbitration in The Hague, was 
US$142.3 million and the Arbitration 
proceedings were held in April 2013. 
The award amount was for US$28.9 
million (approximately £17.5 million) 
plus interest from 1  May 2010 to 
the date when the award was paid 
leading to a write down of £29.5 
million. In addiotion the       Tribunal 
representing the   PCA   decided not 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

Photograph: Construction of tunnel three 
and collection chamber. Canchayllo, Peru.

03

Photograph: EdS in 
Argentina.

to award costs to either side. The 
cost of the Arbitration to Rurelec 
was £4.9 million. The book loss for 
the period is £34. 4 million in relation 
to the Bolivian settlement.

In addition to this loss are the costs of 
the Birdsong loan of US$15.45 million 
taken out in July 2012 which relate to 
interest on the loan and contingent 
value rights related to the award from 
Bolivian arbitration amounting to £3.9 
million. The Birdsong loan was repaid 
on 2 June 2014.

The Group fi gures also include a 
loss attributed to the unrealised 
foreign exchange losses from the 
Argentinian operation of £3. 3  million. 
The individual results for the 
operations in Argentina, Peru, Chile 
and for IPC are shown below.

Energia del Sur S.A. 
Results
At the operating level, and therefore 
based on 100 per cent of Energia 
del S.A.’s (“EdS”) activities, the 
gross operating profi t for the plant 
in Comodoro Rivadavia for the year 
was £10.9 million (2012: £9.7 million) 
on revenues of £19.3 million (2012: 
£26.5 million). In local currency terms 
the revenues decreased to AR$167 
million (2012: AR$192 million) whilst 
the operating profi t was AR$115 
million (2012: AR$70 million). The 
increase in operating profi t was due 
to the change in the contracting 
terms with CAMMESA the buyer of 

the power from the plant, whereby 
the sales of spot power shows a 
net payment for the power less the 
costs of the gas to make the power. 
The increase in the net loss for the 
year in EdS of £4.2 million (2012: 
£2. 4 million) was largely due to the 
one-off write-back of interest payable 
in 2012 on loans between EdS and 
Patagonia Energy Limited which 
is 50 per cent. owned by Rurelec 
and the effects of a signifi cant 
deterioration in the Peso exchange 
rate.

Independent Power 
Corporation PLC
IPC was acquired in June 2013 
and has made a profi t for the year 
of £2.1 million. The activities of the 
company involve the development 
work for new projects, the 
supply of engineering services to 
Group companies and also the 
administration of the London offi ce. 
The administration expenses for the 
year were £1.1 million.

Rurelec Chile
The development operations in Chile 
have incurred limited direct costs 
in the year of £111,000. However, 
we have purchased the land, the 
turbine and transformer for the Arica 
project at a cost of £4 million. 

Development costs during the year 
have been £1 million on both the 
Central Illapa and Arica projects.

GROUP TURNOVER
£ million

GROUP AFTER TAX PROFIT/LOSS 
ON CONTINUING OPERATIONS
£ million

15.1

13.5

13.4

1.8

(3.1)
(3.1)

2011

2012

2013

2011

2012

2013

(39.2)

Cascade Hydro Power
In Peru we have been constructing 
the Canchayllo run-of-river hydro 
plant since the end of 2012. The 
value of the plant under construction 
at the year-end is £5.7 million. 
Rurelec has outstanding loans of 
£5.8 million to the Cascade group 
at the year end, whilst there is a 
bank loan with the Corporacion 
Interamericana de Inversion (“IIC”) 
of £4.2 million and other loans of 
£0.9 million. The other assets of 
the Cascade group include £3.5 
million of bonds held by IIC and the 
Ministry of Minerals and Energy.

Outlook
In spite of the set back of the 
disappointing judgment of the PCA 
early in 2014 and the considerable 
write-off against reserves which 
this entails, the Board of Rurelec 
is optimistic that the outlook for 
the Group is good. We are now 
active in Peru and Chile, two of 
the strongest economies in Latin 
America, and we are now in a 
position to choose long-term equity 
partners for both of those countries 
with whom to share ownership of 
our excellent projects. Receipts 
from the sale of this equity will 
both recycle funds of over US$30 
million to Rurelec for us to reinvest 
in other projects as well as enable 
us to engage with regional partners 
with whom to share the challenges 
of building greenfi eld plants many 
thousands of miles away from 
the United Kingdom. Rurelec has 
demonstrated its capability to grow 
organically and by acquisition over 
the last ten years. Now we can look 
forward to accelerated roll-out of 
new capacity with the saga of the 
Bolivian nationalisation fi nally a thing 
of the past.

I would like to congratulate the 
executive team under Peter Earl’s 
leadership for the persistent and 
tireless way they pursued the 
Bolivian settlement. Under extreme 
pressure from outside sources 
to settle early, they obtained a 
pragmatic solution that now allows 
us to continue to grow our business.  

Colin Emson
Chairman
5 June, 2014

www.rurelec.com

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04

AT A GLANCE 

2

OUR STRATEGY: 

INCREASE 
SHAREHOLDER VALUE

1

RESUME DIVIDEND PAYMENTS

3

BECOME A FULL SERVICE 
PROVIDER TO THE POWER INDUSTRY

Increase 
shareholder value 
The Group’s strategy is to increase 
shareholder value through the 
ownership and operation of modern, 
low emission power generation 
plants. With a diverse portfolio of 
assets in some of the strongest 
economies in Latin America we are 
well positioned for growth, both in 
Latin America and beyond, through 
IPC our development and O&M 
subsidiary. 

Resume dividend 
payments
Long term, Rurelec is committed 
to pay dividends to shareholders 
based on strong cash fl ows whilst 
developing and constructing new 
power generation capacity with 
judicious use of project and local 
subsidiary company debt. 

Become a full service 
provider to the 
power industry 
Through our subsidiary IPC and 
its team, Rurelec can now earn 
revenues from third party clients by 
outsourcing our skilled global team 
of engineers, fi nancial modellers, 
environmental specialists and 
operations and maintenance 
services. 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

CHILE
Termonor, Arica

CHILE
Mejillones, Antofagasta

Project Name: Termonor, Arica
Location: Parinacota, Arica
Capacity: 40 MW nominal with the potential to 
increase to 140 MW
Technology: OCGT (potential for phase II 
CCGT)
Equipment: One GE PG654 gas turbine
Fuel: Diesel (locally sourced)
Additional details: Parinacota is a 40 MW 
greenfi eld thermal power plant development 
in which Rurelec owns 100 per cent through 
Termoeléctrica del Norte S.A.C. (“Termonor”), 
the project development company. The project 
has the potential to convert to a 140 MW 
combined cycle power plant as part of its 
second stage development.

Project Name: Central Illapa, Mejillones
Location: Mejillones, Antofagasta
Capacity: 256 MW nominal with the potential to 
increase to 358 MW
Technology: OCGT (potential for phase II 
CCGT)
Equipment: 701D Siemens gas turbines
Fuel: LNG (imported)
Additional details: Central Illapa is a 256 MW 
open cycle Greenfi eld gas fi red power 
development in which Rurelec owns 100 per 
cent. 
The project has the potential to convert to a 
358 MW combined cycle power plant as part of 
its second stage development. 

PERU
Canchayllo, 
Junin Province

PERU
Santa Rita, 
Ancash Province

Project Name: Canchayllo
Location: Junin Province
Capacity: 5.3 MW
Technology: Run-of-River Hydro
Equipment: 2 horizontal Francis turbines
Additional details: 
Canchayllo is one of six small hydros; Rurelec 
is also developing three further small hydro 
projects (6-18 MW each) in the same Junin 
region: Huasicancha, Colca, Chilcay and two 
others in Pasco region: (15 MW). 

Project Name: Santa Rita
Location: Ancash Province
Capacity: 255 MW
Technology: Run-of-River Hydro
Equipment: Francis turbines
Additional details: 
The project in Santa Rita is expected to be 
tendered as part of the large hydro programme 
ran by Proinversion early next year.

OUR PROJECTS

ARGENTINA
Energia del Sur,
Patagonia

BANGLADESH
Generation & Services

Project Name: Energia del Sur/‘Comodoro’
Location: Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia
Capacity: 136 MW
Technology: CCGT
Equipment: 2 GE MS6001B gas turbines
Fuel: Natural Gas (locally sourced)
Additional details: Rurelec owns 50 per cent 
of Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”), which owns 
and operates a 136 MW CCGT power plant in 
Southern Patagonia, Argentina.

Rurelec has successfully used its experience 
and skills in operating thermal plants in 
Argentina and Bolivia to sponsor projects 
outside of the Americas. As a result, a Rurelec 
sponsored project of 108 MW in Chittagong in 
partnership with Energypac Confi dence Power 
Ventures. Construction is almost complete 
and it is anticipated that commissioning will 
commence in August.
Rurelec is hoping to develop a follow-on CCGT 
project of some 400 to 500 MW in Bangladesh 
operating on LNG as a clone of the two LNG 
projects which it is now pursuing in Chile based 
on the original engineering and feasibility work 
completed by IPC. 

3

4

Photograph: 
On the way to 
Mejillones.

05

1

2

Photograph: 
Canchayllo Project.

4

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06

COCHABAMBA STATEMENT 
TO THE PRESS

IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE 
SIGNING IN COCHABAMBA 
OF A FINAL AGREEMENT 
WITH THE PLURINATIONAL 
STATE OF BOLIVIA, PETER 
EARL, CEO OF RURELEC, 
ISSUED A PRESS 
STATEMENT.

Photograph: 
Transfer of share certifi cates which released 
US$31.5 million in cash to Rurelec

As Chief Executive of Rurelec, I 
would like to congratulate President 
Morales and the negotiating team 
led by Procurador Hector Arce in 
arriving at a fi nancial compensation 
deal which is very good indeed 
for Bolivia. ENDE has acquired a 
controlling stake in Guaracachi for 
US $31.5 million dollars. 

Guaracachi is a wonderful company 
with the largest market share in 
Bolivia and a collection of the best 
gas turbines and engines in the 
world including the country’s fi rst 
combined cycle plant, which I had 
the personal privilege to initiate. 

Rurelec has always been a strong 
supporter of Bolivia. Under the 
presidency of Evo Morales we 

constructed over 170 MW of new 
capacity when all the other private 
sector generators refused to install 
even one MW. We are proud that 
our investment in Bolivia since 2006 
ensured the uninterrupted growth of 
Bolivia and has contributed to the 
amazing success of Bolivia today 
as the continent’s highest growth 
economy. 

Bolivia is a country of talented 
people and great natural resources. 
I am personally proud that over the 
last twenty one years of coming to 
Bolivia, originally with UNDP and 
later as CEO of Rurelec, that Bolivia 
has prospered and is a far stronger, 
more respected country than it was 
in 1993. 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

07

Photographs: 
Guaracachi, Bolivia

My only sadness is that it has taken 
so long to reach a settlement for 
the nationalisation of Rurelec’s 
shares in Guaracachi. I support the 
right of every country to nationalise 
strategic assets. However, to treat 
loyal supporters of the Morales 
Revolution with the bad treatment 
we have experienced over the 
last four years is unfair. We have 
received compensation of less 
than two times EBITDA and, before 
the arrival of Procurador Arce, we 
had no alternative but to go to 
international arbitration when all we 
wanted was a friendly negotiation 
and a handshake from President 
Morales. We are not enemies of 
Bolivia but friends. However at times 
we have not been treated that way, 
and my shareholders in Britain will 
take a great deal of convincing 
before they invest any money in 
Bolivia in future. 

Nonetheless, I wish Bolivia well. 
Britain helped Simon Bolivar to 
achieve victory in the struggle 
against colonial oppression. Britain 
remains a close friend of Bolivia 
today. I hope that in future I and 
my hard working team of Britons 
and Bolivians working together to 
expand the power system of this 
wonderful country will come to 
be regarded as friends and loyal 
supporters who contributed to the 
economic success story of the 
Morales Presidency.

Photograph: Signing of fi nal agreement in 
Cochabamba 31 May 2014

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08

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S 
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

“SHAREHOLDERS IN 
BRITAIN WILL TAKE 
A GREAT DEAL OF 
CONVINCING BEFORE 
THEY INVEST ANY MONEY 
IN BOLIVIA IN FUTURE” 

The year 2013 was perhaps the 
most frustrating for the Board 
and shareholders alike since 
Rurelec came to the AIM Market 
in 2004 as the fi rst AIM quoted 
utility and power company. The 
year was dominated by delays 
in the process to achieve an 
independent determination at the 
PCA in The Hague of Rurelec’s 
claim for compensation from the 
Government of Bolivia for the May 
2010 nationalisation of its Bolivian 
generation assets.

The fi nal decision of the three man 
arbitration tribunal was expected to 
be handed down between October 
and November 2013, and all of 
Rurelec’s fi nancing arrangements 
were geared to this court-led 
timetable following the actual fi nal 

Photograph: Guaracachi Power Plant, Bolivia.

hearing of the tribunal which took 
place in early April 2013 in Paris. 
Instead, the judgment was only 
released in the early hours of 
1 February 2014.

From the fi rst moment of the 
nationalisation, when armed 
military took over the Guaracachi 
power plants early on May Day 
2010, Rurelec had expected 
compensation to be no less than 
the pro rata book value of it s 
Bolivian assets. That would have 
suggested compensation of around 
US$75 million before interest and 
other adjustments, and this fi gure 
has been constantly maintained 
in the audited accounts of the 
Rurelec Group. Incredibly, the 
arbitration tribunal decided that 
the fair market value of Rurelec’s 
investment in Guaracachi as at 1 
May 2010 was US$28.9 million. 
This represented a sum of less than 
two years of Guaracachi EBITDA, 
as projected immediately prior to 
the nationalisation for the full year 
2011 following completion of the 
Guaracachi combined cycle gas 
turbine (“CCGT”) power plant. 
Inclusive of interest to 31 January 
2014, the full value of the PCA 
award was US$35.5 million, roughly 
the same price paid by Rurelec 
in 2006 for its controlling stake in 

Guaracachi before it added over
170 MW of new, high tech gas fi red 
generation capacity and before 
Rurelec had successfully doubled 
the EBITDA of Guaracachi with the 
installation of Bolivia’s fi rst CCGT 
plant.

The PCA judgment did not award 
costs to Rurelec even though 
the judgment confi rmed that 
Bolivia had failed to pay adequate 
compensation for the expropriation 
of Rurelec’s assets. The costs of the 
arbitration were around 
US$7 million. The net award to 
Rurelec was thus only US$28.9 
million before costs. One of the 
three panellists on the tribunal 
issued a minority report stressing 
the inequity of not awarding us 
costs but the two man majority view 
prevailed.

As this annual report goes to print, 
Bolivia has paid a discounted 
sum of US$31.5 million to Rurelec 
in full and fi nal settlement of the 
award.  With this matter behind 
us we can concentrate all our 
efforts in developing, funding and 
constructing a portfolio of power 
plants in a number of countries 
using a range of renewable and high 
technologies.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

Photograph: EdS, Argentina.

09

Photograph: EdS, Argentina.

Argentina
Operations at the power plant 
continue to allow EdS to show an 
excellent availability record. Gross 
energy output was approximately 
840 GWh (2012: 928 GWh) a fall 
of 10.5 per cent due to a major 
outage in November at which time 
the steam turbine was stopped for 
the fi rst time in three years. Ahead 
of the outage the heat rate had 
improved slightly to 8.43 MMBTU/
MWh (2012: 8.1).

During 2013 the Ministry of Energy 
has enacted a number of changes 
in the electricity sector largely driven 
by the weak performance of the 

distribution sector, the increase 
in demand and the widening gap 
between the offi cial and unoffi cial 
exchange rates. 

The major impact of the changes 
for EdS has been to remove the 
obligation to pay for gas, thus 
reducing turnover whilst increasing 
gross margin. Since May the 
dispatch centre, CAMMESA, 
has been accounting for gas 
consumption for the gas turbines 
and the auxiliary fi ring of the 
steam turbines reducing revenues 
and expenditure. The average 
notional cost of gas per MWh 
generated was AR$118.36 (2012: 

AR$108.25), in US$ terms the gas 
cost has moved to US$21.50 per 
MWh from US$23.7 in 2012. The 
average price of electricity in peso 
terms increased by 28.5 per cent 
to AR$265.17 (2012: AR$206.40) 
and by 7 per cent in dollar terms, 
US$48.17 (2012: US$45.16) as 
a result of the weakening of the 
peso. The Res 220 contract is the 
main driver of the strengthening 
performance at the EBITDA level, 
as the proportion of US$ based 
revenue is boosted by the exchange 
rate as well as the removal of gas 
(a US$ expense) from the revenue 
line and the increased proportion of 
peso based expense. Turnover at 
EdS during 2013 fell to AR$166.5 
million from AR$192.2 million in 
2012, which fi gure also included 
AR$7.5 million in respect of the fi nal 
CERs under the CAF/KfW contract. 
No CERs were registered in 2013 
as the low CER prices currently do 
not cover the cost of registration. 
Even so, gross margin increased 
in peso terms to AR$115 million 
from AR$70 million. Large foreign 
exchange losses due to the impact 
of the revaluation of US$ borrowings 
arising from the weakening peso 
exchange rate once again increased 
the after tax loss. Cash fl ow was 
strong, allowing EdS to remit US$6 
million to the UK during the year, 

Photograph: EdS, 
Argentina.

EDS OUTPUT AND HEAT RATES
(MWh)

AVERAGE COST OF GAS

AVERAGE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

h
W
M

0

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

/

h
W
M
U
T
B
M
M

120

100

80

60

$
R
A

40

25

24

23

22

21

275

250

225

200

$
S
U

20

$
R
A

175

60

55

50

45

40

$
S
U

35

2011

2012

2013

2011

2012

2013

2011

2012

2013

Gross Energy

Gross MMBTU/MWh

Average cost of gas per MWh AR$

Average cost of gas per MWh US$

Average price of electricity AR$

Average price of electricity US$

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10

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S 
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

“WITH THE RECEIPT 
OF ENVIRONMENTAL 
APPROVAL WE ARE 
NOW FINALISING THE 
SELECTION OF A JOINT 
VENTURE PARTNER FOR 
OUR CENTRAL ILLAPA 
PLANT IN CHILE”

however, the electricity sector is still 
held back by cash fl ow restrictions 
imposed as a result of the low 
tariffs of the two largest electricity 
distribution companies. CAMMESA 
has struggled to maintain timely 
payment of invoices to generators 
since the middle of the year.

Exchange rates in Q4 saw 
the biggest correction as the 

Photograph: Canchayllo, Peru

Photograph: Canchayllo, Peru

Government fi nally allowed the 
offi cial peso exchange rate to move 
towards the unoffi cial exchange 
rate. At the start of the year it was 
AR$4.96  to the US$, by year-end 
it was AR$6.2, which has been 
relatively stable throughout the 
fi rst half of 2014 after a 17 per 
cent devaluation in January 2014. 
The deterioration in the exchange 
rate was having an impact on our 
receivables, until a new directive 
was brought in to compensate 
generators for the impact for the late 
payment of their invoices.

Chile

Arica

In April 2013 we took delivery of 
the industrial frame GE 6B turbine 
in Arica. Construction was delayed 
when local interest groups objected 
to the change in the environmental 
approval. After a number of 
intensive stakeholder meetings at 
which the impact of the new plant 
on the local area was fully discussed 

the objections were assuaged. 
However, in the meantime, a 
review of the approval was put 
through the Chilean legal system 
and although the case was found 
largely in our favour, the Supreme 
Court did require the permit to be 
reviewed once again by the local 
environmental offi ce. Final approval 
for the use of the gas turbine is 
expected shortly. Construction 
is expected to commence in the 
second half of the year.

Central Illapa

Following receipt of the 
environmental approval for the 
Central Illapa plant using Siemens 
701 DU turbines, Rurelec acquired 
two refurbished turbines from IPSA 
Group PLC in June 2013. Pending 
the conclusion of project fi nancing 
Rurelec is fi nalising the selection of a 
joint venture partner for the project. 
The selection of a partner and 
the closing of bank fi nancing  are 
expected to be achieved in the latter 
half of 2014.

Peru
During 2013 the construction of 
the 5.3 MW Canchayllo project 
continued apace. The successful 
closing of the fi nancing of the 
plant with IIC together with further 
equity funding from Rurelec in 
2014 has allowed to continue 
of the construction of the 5.3 
MW Canchayllo plant and the 
development of a further 30 MW 
of new projects. Although we were 
able to submit the new projects 
successfully for the new renewable 
tender round in Q4, the slow pace 
of the Bolivian arbitration process 
has meant that we elected to fund 
only one project to close a power 
purchase agreement in this round. 
The two other projects have had 
to be held back for the next round 
planned for later this year.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

11

“COMMERCIAL 
OPERATION FOR 
CANCHAYLLO, OUR 
5.3 MW RUN-OF-
RIVER PLANT IN 
PERU, TARGETED FOR 
AUGUST 2014.”

At the present time, Canchayllo 
is 95 per cent complete, with 
commercial operation targeted 
for August this year. Rurelec has 
arranged additional funds to cover 
cost overruns, largely due to 
unforeseen geological conditions 
found in the construction of the 
power house, a 10 per cent 
overspend in the waterways and 
increased labour costs due to lack 
of funds. 

The overall cost per MW installed is 
18 per cent over budget at 
US$2.36 million per MW, and the 
plant is fi nanced with 52 per cent 
debt and 48 per cent equity. The 
plant is still expected to be the fi rst 
to commence operations of the 
second renewables round. With 
one of the lowest tariffs awarded, 
the challenge now is to secure a 
new PPA in order to improve returns 
once the plant enters production.

The Canchayllo project has proved 
challenging, but having gauged the 
pricing correctly in the third tender 
round, we can look forward to the 
portfolio growing steadily both in 
size and profi tability in future years.

Independent Power 
Corporation
In June 2013 Rurelec completed 
the acquisition of IPC, one of 
the United Kingdom’s leading 
power developers and the former 
parent company of the original 
Rurelec business. IPC’s team of 
engineers, fi nancial modellers 
and environmental specialists has 
now been integrated within the 
Rurelec Group giving Rurelec the 
capability not only to manage its 
own greenfi eld planning and project 
supervision but also the ability to 
earn revenues from third party 
clients. 

Photograph: Canchayllo, Peru

IPC is currently short-listed in 
a government tender for the 
construction of a new power plant 
of 80 MW for GibElec in Gibraltar 
as well as being retained as lead 
developer on two dual fuel power 
developments in Ghana. IPC is 
also in advanced negotiations for 
a similar third party project in Ivory 
Coast and for the repowering of a 
combined heat and power plant in 
Russia.

After a tough and less than 
satisfying year, we expect the future 
to be better.  We are working hard 
to make sure that it really is.

Peter Earl
Chief Executive Offi cer
5 June, 2014

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12

BUSINESS REVIEW

“AFTER A TOUGH AND 
LESS THAN SATISFYING 
YEAR, WE EXPECT THE 
FUTURE TO BE BETTER. 
WE ARE WORKING HARD 
TO MAKE SURE THAT IT 
REALLY IS.”

In July 2005, the Company acquired 
50 per cent. of the equity of 
Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), 
which owns and operates, through 
its wholly owned subsidiary EdS, 
generating plant supplying electricity 
in southern Patagonia, Argentina. In 
June 2008, the Company acquired 
the remaining 50 per cent. of PEL. In 
June 2009, as part of the process of 
raising additional equity, the Company 
sold back 50 per cent. of PEL to the 
former 50 per cent. owner of PEL.

In January 2006, the Company, 
through its acquisition of Bolivia 
Integrated Energy Limited (“BIE”), 
acquired a controlling interest 

Photograph: 
Eds, Argentina

(50.00125 per cent.) in Guaracachi 
which owns and operates 
generating plant supplying electricity 
in Bolivia. 

On 1 May, 2010, the Bolivian 
Government nationalised the 
Group’s interest in Guaracachi 
by expropriating the shares held 
by the Group. On 13 May, 2010, 
The Group initiated the process to 
recover adequate compensation for 
the Nationalisation under each of 
the US and UK bilateral investment 
treaties by notifying the relevant 
governmental authorities that an 
investment dispute had arisen. 
As announced on 1 December, 
2010, the Notice of Arbitration was 
issued. A statement claim, including 
a valuation of the Company’s 
interest at US$142.3 million was 
fi led with the PCA at The Hague on 
1 March, 2012. On 9 April, 2013, 
following representations from both 
parties, the arbitration proceedings 
closed and a decision was given 
on 31st January 2014. The award 
announced by the PCA in favour of 
the Group was $28.9 million for its 
assets that were nationalised along 
with interest from 1st May 2010 at a 
rate of 5.63331% per annum.

In July 2012, the Company arranged 
a loan of $15.45m to provide 
additional working capital and funds 
for the acquisition of assets in Peru 
and Chile. This loan was due to be 
repaid on 31st December 2013 but 
the term was extended and was 
repaid on 2 June from the payment 
of the award from the Bolivian 
Government.

The assets acquired in Peru and 
Chile comprise special purpose 
project companies and accordingly, 
the costs associated with acquiring 
and developing these projects (Plant 
under Construction – note 14) have 
been accounted for on an asset 
acquisition basis.

A more detailed review of the 
business and future developments 
is provided in the Chairman’s 
Statement and the Chief Executive’s 
review of operations.

Principal risks and 
uncertainties
The principal risks and uncertainties 
facing the Group, apart from the 
construction risks involved in 
building the hydro plant in Peru and 
possible changes in demand and 
pricing for electricity in the markets 
in South America in which the 
Group operates, relate to political 
risk and uncertainties in the fi nancial 
markets.

a.   Political risk – As evidenced by 
the decision in May 2010 by 
the Government of Bolivia to 
nationalise the Group’s interest 
in Guaracachi, there exists 
signifi cant political risk in areas in 
which the Group operates. The 
Group has sought to mitigate 
this risk by diversifying the 
countries in which it operates.

b.   Financial markets – Whilst 

project fi nance may be available 
in the markets in which the 
Group operates, the Group’s 
expansion plans remain 
dependent on raising project 
fi nance from a combination 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

13

Photograph: 
EdS, Argentina

year by construction in Peru of 
the Canchayllo run-of river hydro 
plant and by the purchase of 
turbines for the two projects in 
Chile.

ii.   Operating effi ciency

Operating effi ciency is the 
average operating effi ciency 
of the generating plant owned 
by Group companies. It can 
be improved through the 
installation of more thermally 
effi cient turbines, refurbishment 
activities or through conversion 
to combined cycle operation. 
No change was noted in the 
operating effi ciency of the Group 
in the year.

iii.   Technical availability

Technical availability measures 
when a plant is available for 
dispatch. The measurement 
method excludes time allowed 
for planned maintenance 
activities which occur at regular 
intervals during the life of the unit 
plus an allowance for unplanned 
outages. Unplanned and forced 
outages in excess of the annual 
allowance will cause a reduction 
in the technical availability factor. 
Average availability through the 
year for our plant in Argentina 
was 96 per cent, making the 
plant one of the most reliable 
in the Argentine interconnected 
system. 

The Strategic Report was approved 
by the Board of Directors on 5th 
June, 2014 and were signed on its 
behalf by 

P. Earl
Chief Executive
5 June, 2014

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of local partners and lending 
institutions. The Group is seeking 
to broaden it’s base of potential 
partners and lending institutions.

i. 

c.   Exposure to foreign currency 
– The Group’s activities are in 
South America and therefore the 
Group’s results will be affected 
by exchange rate movements 
and local infl ation rates. 
Furthermore, past experience 
has shown that exchange 
controls restrictions can 
sometimes be applied and these 
may have an impact on the 
Group’s ability to repatriate funds 
to the parent company. The 
Group seeks to limit these risks 
by raising funds in the currency 
of the operating units.

d.   Effi cient operation – The Group 
has an effective maintenance 
programme and has entered into 
long term service agreements 
to reduce these risks as 
appropriate.

Key performance 
indicators 
The Directors use a range of 
performance indicators to monitor 
progress in the delivery of the 
Group’s strategic objectives, to 
assess actual performance against 
targets and to aid management of 
the businesses.

Rurelec’s key performance 
indicators (“KPIs”) include both 
fi nancial and non-fi nancial targets 
which are set annually.

Financial KPIs
Financial KPIs address operating 
profi tability, net asset value and 
earnings per share.

 Operating profi tability
Operating profi t excludes all 
non-operating costs, such as 
fi nancing and tax expenses as 
well as one-off items and non-
trading items such as negative 
goodwill. The exclusion of these 
non-operating items provides an 
indication of the performance of 
the underlying businesses. The 
Group made a loss in the year.

ii.   Net asset value

Net asset value is calculated 
by dividing funds attributable to 
Rurelec’s shareholders by the 
number of shares in issue. The 
net assets of the Group reduced 
in the year to 10.4 pence per 
share. (2012: 19.3 pence per 
share)

iii.   Earnings per share

Earnings per share provide a 
measure of the overall profi tability 
of the Group. It is defi ned as 
the profi t or loss attributable to 
each Ordinary Share based on 
the consolidated profi t or loss 
for the year after deducting tax 
and minority interests. Growth in 
earnings per share is indicative 
of the Group’s ability to identify 
and add value. The Group made 
a loss in the year.

Non-Financial KPIs
Non-fi nancial KPIs address other 
important technical aspects of the 
business, such as gross capacity, 
operating effi ciency and availability. 

i. 

 Gross capacity
Gross capacity is the total 
generation capacity owned by 
Group companies and is affected 
by acquisitions, expansion 
programmes and disposals. The 
Group laid the foundations for 
expanding the capacity in the 

 
14

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

COLIN EMSON
Chairman and 
Non-Executive Director

PETER EARL
Chief Executive Offi cer

Colin has been Executive Director of Robert Fraser 
Group since 1979. He is a designated member of the 
business consulting fi rm Robert Fraser & Partners LLP 
and Co-founder of the specialist fi nance, insurance 
broking and investment consultancy Emson & Dudley 
in 1967. He has been Chairman and Director of Sterling 
Trust Limited since 1988. Colin is also Chairman of the 
Nominations Committee.

Peter began his career at the Boston Consulting Group 
advising state-owned companies before becoming 
an investment banker best known for his demergers. 
He has acted on secondment to the World Bank 
and United Nations Development Program where he 
advised governments on privatisations in Latin America 
and Eastern Europe. In 1995 he founded IPC which 
has rapidly established itself as the United Kingdom’s 
leading developer and operator of power plants on four 
continents. He is an Oxford University graduate and was 
a Kennedy Scholar and tutor at Harvard University.

ANDREW MORRIS
Group Finance Director

ELIZABETH SHAW
Executive Director Project 
Finance

Former Chairman of Rurelec PLC. Previously he has 
spent twelve years working in the renewable energy 
sector most recently as Finance and Corporate 
Development Director of Advanced Plasma Power 
Limited where he played an important role in raising 
corporate investment into the business. He has also 
been responsible for leading a number of negotiations 
and teams for business development to further enhance 
operations and is fully conversant with all aspects of 
fi nancial control and reporting. Andrew is a Fellow of the 
Association of Chartered Certifi ed Accountants having 
trained at Price Waterhouse Cooper and is a graduate 
of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Former Finance Director of Rurelec PLC. Elizabeth has 
been involved in the electricity sector since 1994 when 
she joined Fieldstone Private Capital Group. Between 
1994 and 2000, as a Director of Fieldstone, she advised 
on a number of mergers, acquisitions and disposals in 
the electricity industry, both in the UK and in developing 
markets. She joined IPC as a Director in 2000 where 
she is responsible for business development and 
fi nance. She is also a Director of IPSA Group PLC. She 
is a graduate of Exeter University.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

15

MARCELO 
BLANCO
Regional Finance Director
for Latin America

BRIAN 
ROWBOTHAM
Senior Independent 
Non-Executive Director

Marcelo was, until 1 May, 2010, Finance Director of 
Guaracachi and was appointed to the Company’s 
Board in October 2008. Marcelo graduated from 
Green Mountain College in the United States and 
subsequently gained an MBA from the University 
of Belgrano in Argentina. He has extensive fi nancial 
advisory experience and has also held appointments 
in the Bolivian Embassy in Argentina and as a 
consultant to the World Bank and the United Nations 
Development programme. Over the last 11 years, 
Marcelo has focused on the energy sector, including a 
two year appointment as Vice Minister of Electricity and 
Alternative Energies at the Bolivian Ministry of Public 
Works before being reappointed as Finance Director at 
Guaracachi in 2004.

Brian is the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director 
and Chairman of the Audit Committee. He worked 
as a Chartered Accountant with Deloitte and Touche. 
He has extensive experience working in the City of 
London, joined Teather and Greenwood in 1997 and 
was involved as partner and then Finance Director in the 
company’s fl otation on AIM and subsequent move to 
the Offi cial List. He ran his own consultancy specialising 
in turnarounds and start-ups until joining Hitchens, 
Harrison & Co plc in January 2005. He left Hitchens, 
Harrison & Co plc after its acquisition by Religare in 
2008. Brian is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered 
Accountants in England and Wales.

LAWRENCE COBEN
Non-Executive Director

SUE LAKER
Company Secretary

Lawrence has extensive experience in the international 
electricity sector, particularly in Latin America. He was a 
founder of Catalyst Energy Corporation, which focused 
on alternative every technologies. In the early 1990s 
he founded and managed Liberty Power Corporation 
and was CEO of Bolivian Power Company.  Currently 
Chairman & CEO of Tremisis Energy LLC, he is also 
a Director of NRG Energy and serves as Executive 
Director of the Sustainable Preservation Initiative, 
a not-for-profi t organisation that preserves cultural 
heritage worldwide through locally based and owned 
economic development. Lawrence received a BA in 
economics from Yale University and a J.D. from Harvard 
Law School before going on to an MA and a PhD in 
Anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania. 
Lawrence is a Chairman of the Remuneration 
committee.

An experienced power sector corporate lawyer and a 
sinologist, who has advised on trade and legal affairs 
relating to China, she is a graduate of the London 
School of Oriental and African Studies where she 
obtained a fi rst class honours degree in Chinese 
followed by a Robert Sterling Clark fellowship to Taiwan 
National University and a Kennedy Scholarship to 
Harvard. She gained wide business experience in Asia 
having been responsible for business development in 
China for Racal Electronics Plc for a decade. She has 
been working in the electricity sector since 1997.

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16

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

THE DIRECTORS SUBMIT 
THEIR ANNUAL REPORT 
TOGETHER WITH THE 
AUDITED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS FOR 
THE YEAR ENDED 
31 DECEMBER 2013.

Principal activities and 
business review
The Company and the Group’s 
principal activity is the acquisition, 
development and operation of 
power generation assets in markets 
in Latin America.

In addition, and as opportunities 
arise, the Company acquires, 
refurbishes and sells power 
generation equipment to third 
parties.

Photograph: 
EdS, Argentina

Since the Company’s admission to 
AIM in August 2004, the Company 
has acquired interests in power 
generation operations in Bolivia and 
Argentina and, during 2012, in Peru 
and Chile.

Results and dividends
The Group results for the year 
ended 31 December, 2013 are set 
out in the Consolidated Statement 
of Comprehensive Income.

No dividend was paid during the 
year to 31 December, 2013 
(2012: nil).

Share capital
Details of the issued share capital 
are set out in note 21. 

Going concern
As set out in note 1b to the fi nancial 
statements, the Directors have 
continued to adopt the “going 
concern” basis for the preparation 
of the fi nancial statements since 
the Directors consider that the 
Company and the Group will 
have suffi cient fi nancial resources 

available to continue trading for at 
least 12 months from the date of 
approval of the fi nancial statements.

Directors
The following Directors served 
during the year:

Colin Emson – Chairman and 
Non-Executive Director 
(Appointed 16 October 2013)

Brain Rowbotham – 
Non-Executive Director 
(Appointed 16 October 2013)

Lawrence Coben – 
Non-Executive Director 

Peter Earl – Chief Executive

Andrew Morris – Group Finance 
Director (Appointed 16 October 
2013. Non-Executive Chairman 
from 1 January 2013 to 15 October 
2013)

Elizabeth Shaw – Executive 
Director Project Finance

Marcelo Blanco – Regional 
Director of Finance

Directors’ interests
The Directors’ benefi cial interests in the shares of the Company were on the 
reference dates as stated below:

A.J.S. Morris
L.S. Coben
P.R.S. Earl
E.R. Shaw

Brian Rowbotham

31.05.2014

687,700
900,000
6,900,000
275,000

270,000

31.12.2013

687,700
900,000
6,900,000
275,000

270,000

31.12.2012

350,000
500,000
750,000
275,000

0

Signifi cant shareholdings in the Company
In addition to the shareholdings shown above, the Company is aware of the 
following interests of 3 per cent or more in the issued ordinary share capital 
of the Company notifi able at 31 May 2014, being the last practicable date 
for reporting this information.

Sterling Trust Ltd
YF Finance Ltd

NUMBER OF SHARES

% HOLDING

303,092,303
96,565,166

53.989
17.201

The percentages shown are based on 561,387,586 shares in issue.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

Risk management 
and objectives
The fi nancial risk management 
policies and objectives are set out 
in note 29.

Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for 
preparing the Strategic Report, the 
Directors’ Report, Annual Report 
and the fi nancial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and 
regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors 
to prepare fi nancial statements for 
each fi nancial year. Under that law 
the Directors have to prepare the 
fi nancial statements in accordance 
with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as 
adopted by the European Union. 
Under company law, the Directors 
must not approve the fi nancial 
statements unless they are satisfi ed 
that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs and profi t or 

loss of the Company and Group 
for that period. In preparing these 
fi nancial statements, the Directors 
are required to: 

•  select suitable accounting policies 
and then apply them consistently; 

•  make judgments and accounting 
estimates that are reasonable and 
prudent; 

•  state whether applicable IFRSs 
have been followed, subject to 
any material departures disclosed 
and explained in the fi nancial 
statements; 

•  prepare the fi nancial statements 
on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to 
presume that the Company will 
continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for 
keeping adequate accounting 
records that are suffi cient to 
show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with 
reasonable accuracy at any time the 

Photograph: 
EdS, Argentina

17

fi nancial position of the Company 
and enable them to ensure that the 
fi nancial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006. They are also 
responsible for safeguarding the 
assets of the Company and hence 
for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud 
and other irregularities.

The Directors confi rm that:

•  there is no relevant audit 
information of which the 
Company’s Auditor is unaware; 
and

•  the Directors have taken all steps 
that they ought to have taken to 
make themselves aware of any 
relevant audit information and 
to establish that the Auditor is 
aware of that information.  The 
Directors are responsible for 
the maintenance and integrity 
of the corporate and fi nancial 
information included on the 
Company’s website. Legislation 
in the United Kingdom governing 
the preparation and dissemination 
of fi nancial statements may 
differ from legislation in other 
jurisdictions.

Auditor
The Auditor, Grant Thornton UK LLP, 
have indicated their willingness to 
continue in offi ce and a resolution 
concerning their reappointment will 
be proposed at the Annual General 
Meeting.

On behalf of the Board

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
5 June, 2014

Photograph: 
Canchayllo, Peru

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18

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

to be disclosed in the accounts. The 
Board has considered the need for 
an internal audit function and has 
concluded that there is no current 
need for such a function.

Board Composition and 
Independence
The Board currently comprises 
seven members made up of a 
Non-Executive Chairman, four 
Executive Directors and two Non-
Executive Directors. The Board is 
responsible for the overall direction, 
strategic objectives and key policies 
for reviewing performance of the 
Company as well as approving 
major capital expenditure, potential 
acquisitions and fi nancial matters. 
The Board meets regularly and has 
a schedule of business reserved 
to it including raising new capital, 
entering into fi nancing facilities 
for projects, treasury policies 
and approval of annual operating 
budgets and monitoring of key risks. 
The Board met eight times during 
2013. External advice is available 
to the Directors if they consider 
it necessary. The Chairman and 
Non-Executive Directors met twice 
during the fi nancial year without the 
Executive Directors being present.

The Chairman of the Board is Colin 
Emson, who is also an Executive 
Director of a number of other 
companies. The Non-Executive 
Directors are Brian Rowbotham 
and Larry Coben, both of whom 
are regarded by the Board as 
independent in character and 
judgement.

The Executive Directors are Peter 
Earl, who is Chief Executive, 
Elizabeth Shaw, who is Executive 
Director Project Finance, Andrew 
Morris who is Group Finance 
Director and Marcelo Blanco, who 
has special responsibility for regional 
fi nancing in Latin America. All 
Directors are involved in signifi cant 
decisions.

The Board received appropriate 
information and a formal agenda 
before each Board meeting.

The Company has in place 
appropriate procedures to deal with 
confl icts of interest.

The Company maintains Directors 
and Offi cers liability insurance 
against any claims which may be 
made against the Directors and 
Offi cers of the Company.

Shareholder Relations
The Group values the views of its 
shareholders and recognises their 
interest in the Group’s strategy and 
performance, Board membership 
and quality of management. It 
therefore holds regular meetings 
with and gives presentations to its 
institutional shareholders to discuss 
objectives.

Corporate Governance 
Statement
The Annual General Meeting 
(“AGM”) is used to communicate 
with private investors with whom 
dialogue is encouraged. Additional 
information is supplied through the 
circulation of the interim report and 
the Annual Report and Accounts. 
The Company maintains up-to-date 
information on the investor section 
of its website www.rurelec.com.

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises 
Brian Rowbotham as Chairman of 
the Committee, Colin Emson and 
Lawrence Coben who are all Non-
Executive Directors. 

Brian Rowbotham is an accountant 
and Colin Emson and Lawrence 
Coben have recent and relevant 
fi nancial and commercial experience.

The Committee’s remit is to review 
fi nancial reporting practices, internal 
fi nancial controls and internal and 
external audit policy including the 
appointment of the Company’s 
Auditor. During the year, the Audit 

Photograph: 
Canchayllo, Peru

Policy Statement
The Board is committed to applying 
high standards of corporate 
governance and integrity to all 
our activities. The Company is 
not required by the rules of the 
AIM market of the London Stock 
Exchange to comply with the UK 
Corporate Governance Code (the 
“Code”) and the Board recognises 
that it does not do so. However, 
the Board has been briefed on the 
Code and is accountable to the 
Company’s shareholders for good 
corporate governance and therefore 
seeks to comply with the Code in 
so far as appropriate for a company 
of its size.

Internal Controls
The Directors are responsible for 
the Group’s systems of internal 
control. Whilst no risk management 
process or systems of internal 
control can completely eliminate 
the risk of material misstatement 
or loss, the Group’s systems are 
designed to provide the Directors 
with reasonable assurance that 
problems are identifi ed in a timely 
manner and dealt with appropriately. 
The Board considers that there have 
been no substantial weaknesses in 
fi nancial controls resulting in material 
loss, contingencies or uncertainties 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

19

Photograph: Canchayllo, Peru

Statement of Non-
Compliance
The Non-Executive Directors are 
both considered to be independent 
in character and judgement. The 
Non-Executive Chairman is a 
related party in that he is also the 
Chairman of the largest shareholder 
but in other respects the Company 
complies with the Code in so far 
as appropriate for an AIM listed 
company.  The Board recognises 
that it does not comply with the 
Code.

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
5 June, 2014

Committee met twice to review the 
draft half year and annual fi nancial 
statements.

Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee 
comprises Lawrence Coben as 
Chairman of the Committee, Colin 
Emson and Brian Rowbotham. 
The Remuneration Committee 
reviews the remuneration policy 
for the Executive Directors and 
for senior management. The 
Executive Directors determine the 
remuneration arrangements for 
the Non-Executive Directors. No 
Director may participate in decisions 
regarding his own remuneration. 
Details of the Directors’ 
remuneration can be found in 
note 8c.

Appointment of Directors
The Nomination Committee 
presently comprises Colin Emson as 
Chairman, Brian Rowbotham and 
Lawrence Coben. The Committee 
is responsible for monitoring the 
composition of the Board and 
meets to make recommendations 
to the Board on all new Board 
appointments and succession 
planning. The Board has not 
used external consultants in the 
appointment of Directors. 

All Directors are subject to 
re-election by shareholders in 
accordance with the Company’s 
Articles of Association.

Health, Safety and 
Environmental Protection 
Policy
The Group is committed to 
compliance with all relevant laws 
and regulations and continues to 
assess its operations to ensure 
protection of the environment, the 
community and the health and 
safety of its employees. The Group 
maintains appropriate procedures 
to ensure that all activities are 
carried out in compliance with safety 
regulations, in a culture where the 
safety of personnel is paramount 
and which recognises environmental 
sustainability and respect for cultural 
and heritage issues.

Share Dealing Code
The Company has a Share Dealing 
Code which covers dealings by 
Persons Discharging Managerial 
Responsibilities (“PDMRs”). The 
Company’s code complies with the 
provisions of the Code and restricts 
dealings in shares during designated 
closed periods and at any time 
when they are in possession 
of unpublished price sensitive 
information.

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20

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

TO THE MEMBERS OF RURELEC PLC

Matters on which we 
are required to report by 
exception
We have nothing to report in respect 
of the following matters where the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records 

have not been kept by the parent 
company, or returns adequate for 
our audit have not been received 
from branches not visited by us; 
or

•  the parent company financial 

statements are not in agreement 
with the accounting records and 
returns; or

•  certain disclosures of Directors’ 

remuneration specified by law are 
not made; or

•  we have not received all the 

information and explanations we 
require for our audit.

Christopher Smith
Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants
London
5 June, 2014

Scope of the audit of the 
fi nancial statements
A description of the scope of an 
audit of financial statements is 
provided on the APB’s website at 
www.frc.org.uk/apb/scope/private.
cfm.

Opinion on fi nancial 
statements
In our opinion, the fi nancial 
statements:

•  give a true and fair view of the 
state of the group’s and of the 
parent company’s affairs as at 
31 December  2013 and of the 
Group’s profi t for the year then 
ended;

•  have been properly prepared 
in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union; 

•  have been prepared in 

accordance with the requirements 
of the Companies Act 2006.

Opinion on other matter 
prescribed by the 
Companies Act 2006
In our opinion the information 
given in the Group Strategic 
Report and Directors’ Report for 
the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared 
is consistent with the financial 
statements.

We have audited the financial 
statements of Rurelec PLC for the 
year ended 31 December, 2013 
which comprise  the consolidated 
and parent company statements of 
financial position, the consolidated 
income statement, consolidated 
statement of comprehensive 
income, the consolidated and 
company statements of cash flows, 
the consolidated and company 
statements of changes in equity 
and the related notes. The financial 
reporting framework that has 
been applied in their preparation 
is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRSs”) as adopted by the 
European Union.

This report is made solely to the 
Company’s members, as a body, in 
accordance with Chapter 3 of part 
16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our 
audit work has been undertaken 
so that we might state to the 
Company’s members those matters 
we are required to state to them 
in an auditor’s report and for no 
other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept 
or assume responsibility to anyone 
other than the Company and the 
Company’s members as a body, for 
our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities 
of Directors and Auditor
As explained more fully in the 
Directors’ Responsibilities 
Statement set out in the Group 
Directors’ Report, the Directors 
are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for 
being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view. Our responsibility is to 
audit and express an opinion on the 
financial statements in accordance 
with applicable law and International 
Standards on Auditing (UK and 
Ireland). Those standards require 
us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s (“APB’s”) Ethical 
Standards for Auditors.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

CONSOLIDATED INCOME 
STATEMENT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

21

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Administrative expenses

Operating profit

Other expense

Finance income

Finance expense

(Loss)/profit before tax

Tax expense

(Loss)/profit for the year attributable to owner of the company

Earnings per share

Basic (loss)/earnings per share

Diluted (loss)/earnings per share

NOTES

4

6

7

9 
a,b,c

10

10

11

12

YEAR ENDED       
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

15,093

(5,805)

9,288

(8,109)

1,269

(41,581)

2,200

(1,272)

(39,384)

189

(39,195)

(7.92p)

(7.92p)

13,373

(8,386)

4,987

(3,979)

1,008

(3,895)

3,281

(2,940)

(2,546)

(598)

(3,144)

(0.75p)

(0.75p)

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22

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

(Loss)/profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year

Items that will subsequently Reclassified to Profit & Loss

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

Total other comprehensive loss 

NOTES

YEAR ENDED       
31.12.13
£’000

(39,195)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

(3,144)

(934)

(934)

(1,443)

(1,443)

Total comprehensive (loss)/income for year attributable to owners of the company

(40,129

(4,587)

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

23

Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets

Trade and other receivables
Deferred tax assets

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Compensation claim, Interest & Dividends Receivable on Award
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity and liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Share capital
Share premium account
Foreign currency reserve
Share option reserve

Other reserves
Retained earnings
Total equity attributable to shareholders of Rurelec PLC

Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Non-current liabilities
Tax liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Borrowings

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Current tax liabilities
Borrowings

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

NOTES

YEAR ENDED       
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

14
15

16a
17

18a
16b
19
20

21

22

24a
17
25a

23b
24b
25b

39,158
4,959

16,809
341
61,267

227
9,831
19,126
3,750
32,935

18,487
3,168
15,376
389
37,420

494
4,797
51,473
6,122
62,886

94,202

100,306

11,145
67,369
(1,532)
107

1,050
(19,949)

58,190

8,413
53,012
(598)
46

1,050
19,389

81,312

142

224

58,332

81,536

18
420
1,499
1,938

8,883
466
24,583
33,932

35,870

210
568
1,301
2,079

4,325
53
12,313
16,691

18,770

94,202

100,306

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 5 June, 2014 and were signed on its behalf by 
P. Earl (Chief Executive) and A. Morris (Group Finance Director).

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PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Assets

Non-current assets

Investments

Trade and other receivables

Current assets

Inventories

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Shareholders’ equity

Share capital

Share premium account

Share option reserve

Retained earnings

Total equity

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

NOTES

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

26

16c

18b

16d

20

21

22

23c

16,743

42,287

59,030

16,195

34

21

16,250

18,988

40,397

59,385

—

162

4,502

4,664

75,280

64,049

11,145

67,369

107

(8,486)

70,135

5,145

5,145

8,413

53,012

46

1,879

63,350

699

699

Total equity and liabilities

75,280

64,049

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 5 June, 2014 and were signed on its behalf by 
P. Earl (Chief Executive) and A. Morris (Group Finance Director).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

25

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operations

Interest paid

Taxation paid

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of plant and equipment

Sale of plant and equipment

Repayments from/(loans to) joint venture company

Net cash used in investing activities

NOTES

28

14

YEAR ENDED
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

(1,942)

(1,271)

189

(3,024)

(7,944)

—

3,840

(4,104)

(2,267)

(252)

(587)

(3,106)

(3,320)

—

629

(2,691)

Net cash outflow before financing activities

(7,128)

(5,797)

Cash flows from financing activities

Issue of shares (net of costs)

Deferred Consideration

Loan drawdowns

Loan repayments

Net cash generated from financing activities

Increase / (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

—

—

4,756

—

4,756

(2,372)

6,122

(3,750)

—

—

10,126

—

10,126

4,329

1,793

6,122

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COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash used in operations

Interest paid

Net cash used in operations

Cash flows from investing activities

Investments in Assets

Investment in and loans to subsidiaries and joint venture company

Loan repayments by joint venture company

Loan from subsidiary

Net cash generated from/(used in) in investing activities

NOTES

28

YEAR ENDED
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

5,783

—

5,783

—

(14,104)

3,840

—

(10,264)

(3,243)

—

(3,243)

—

(4,793)

1,257

9,896

6,360

Net cash inflow/(outflow) before financing activities

(4,481)

3,117

Cash flows from financing activities

Issue of shares (net of costs)

Loan repayments

Net cash generated from financing activities

Increase / (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

—

—

—

(4,481)

4,502

21

—

—

—

3,117

1,385

4,502

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

27

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

SHARE
PREMIUM
£’000

FOREIGN
CURRENCY
RESERVE
£’000

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

OTHER
RESERVES
£’000

NON-
CONTROLLING
INTEREST
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

TOTAL
EQUITY
£’000

Balance at 1.1.12

8,413

53,012

845

— 22,533

1,050

85,853

— 85,853

Transactions with owners

Issue of share options

Non-controlling interest

Total transactions with 
owners

Loss for year

Exchange differences

Total comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,443)

(1,443)

46

—

46

—

—

—

—

—

—

(3,144)

—

(3,144)

—

—

—

—

—

—

46

—

46

(3,144)

(1,443)

(4,587)

—

224

46

224

224

270

— (3,144)

— (1,443)

— (4,587)

Balance at 31.12.12

8,413

53,012

(598)

46

19,389

1,050

81,312

224

81,536

Transactions with owners

Issue of share

2,732

14,357

Issue of share options

Non-controlling interest

Total transactions with 
owners

—

—

—

—

2,732

14,357

Loss for year

Exchange differences

Total comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(934)

(934)

—

61

—

61

—

—

—

—

— 17,089

— 17,089

—

—

61

—

—

(82)

61

(82)

— 17,150

(82)

17,068

— (39,337)

—

—

— (39,337)

—

(934)

— (39,337)

— (40,271)

— (39,337)

—

(934)

— (40,271)

Balance at 31.12.13

11,144

67,369

(1,532)

107

(19,948)

1,050

58,190

142

58,332

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COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

8,413

SHARE
PREMIUM
£’000

53,012

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

—

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

2,483

Balance at 1.1.12

Transactions with owners

Issue of share options

Total transactions with owners

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive loss

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Balance at 31.12.12

8,413

53.012

Transactions with owners

Issue of share 

Issue of share options

Total transactions with owners

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive loss

2,732

—

2,732

—

—

14,357

—

14,357

—

—

TOTAL
EQUITY
£’000

63,908

46

46

(604)

(604)

—

—

(604)

(604)

1,879

63,350

—

—

—

(10,364)

(10,364)

17,089

61

17,150

(10,364)

(10,364)

46

46

—

—

46

—

61

61

—

—

Balance at 31.12.13

11,145

67,369

107

(8,486)

70,135

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

29

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

1 General information, basis of preparation and new accounting standards

1a General information

Rurelec PLC is the Group’s ultimate parent company. It is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of Rurelec’s 
registered office is given on the information page. Rurelec’s shares are traded on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange PLC. 

The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities are the generation of electricity in South America.

1b Basis of preparation, including going concern

The Company and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations as adopted by the 
European Union and company law applicable to companies reporting as at 31 December 2013.  The Directors have continued to adopt 
the going concern basis for the preparation of these financial statements since 2 June 2014 the Group received US$31.5 million from 
the Government of Bolivia in full settlement of the Bolivian arbitration and also settled the full amount of the outstanding Birdsong loan of 
US$25.9 million.

1c New accounting standards

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards 
have been published but are not yet effective. The Group has not early adopted any of these pronouncements. The new Standards, 
amendments and Interpretations that are expected to be relevant to the Group’s financial statements are as follows:

Standard/interpretation
IFRS 9
IFRS 10 
IFRS 11
IFRS 12*
IAS 28 (Revised)*
Amendments to IAS 32*

Content
Financial instruments: Classification and measurement
Consolidated Financial Statements
Joint Arrangements
Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities
Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures
Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

* Not expected to have a material impact on the Group.

Applicable for financial
years beginning on/after
1 January, 2015
1 January, 2014
1 January, 2014
1 January, 2014
1 January, 2014
1 January, 2014

IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments: Classifi cation and measurement’

In November 2009, the Board issued the first part of IFRS 9 relating to the classification and measurement of financial assets. IFRS 9 
will ultimately replace IAS 39. The standard requires an entity to classify its financial assets on the basis of the entity’s business model 
for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset, and subsequently measures the 
financial assets as either at amortised cost or fair value. The new standard is mandatory for annual periods beginning on or after 
1 January, 2015.

IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements 

IFRS 10 replaces the portion of IAS 27 ‘Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements’ that addresses the accounting for 
consolidated financial statements. It also includes the issues raised in SIC-12 ‘Consolidation — Special Purpose Entities’. IFRS 10 
establishes a single control model that applies to all entities including special purpose entities. The changes introduced by IFRS 10 
will require management to exercise significant judgement to determine which entities are controlled, and therefore, are required to be 
consolidated by a parent, compared with the requirements that were in IAS 27. This standard becomes effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after 1 January, 2014.

IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements

IFRS 11 supersedes IAS 31 ‘Interests in Joint Ventures’ (IAS 31). It aligns more closely the accounting by the investors with their rights 
and obligations relating to the joint arrangement. In addition, IAS 31’s option of using proportionate consolidation for joint ventures has 
been eliminated. 

The Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these standards and interpretations in future periods will have any material impact 
on the financial statements of the Group.

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

2 Summary of signifi cant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of consolidation

The Group financial statements consolidate the results of the Company, its 50 per cent interest in EdS, its 100 per cent interest in 
entities in Chile and in Peru.

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has the power to control the financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from 
its activities. The Group obtains and exercises control through voting rights.

Joint ventures are arrangements in which the Group has a long-term interest and shares control under a written contractual agreement. 
The Group reports its interests in jointly controlled entities using proportionate consolidation such that the Group’s share of the assets, 
liabilities, income and expenses of jointly controlled entities are combined with the equivalent items in the consolidated financial 
statements on a line by line basis.

Goodwill, or the excess of interest in acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over Fair Value of consideration, arising on the 
acquisition of the Group’s interest in subsidiary or jointly controlled entities is accounted for in accordance with the Group’s accounting 
policy for goodwill arising on the acquisition of a subsidiary.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and subsidiary and joint venture entities are eliminated. Unrealised losses are 
also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial 
statements of subsidiary and joint venture entities have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting 
policies adopted by the Group.

Acquisitions of subsidiaries and joint venture entities are dealt with by the acquisition method. The purchase method involves the 
recognition at fair value of all identifiable assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the acquired company, at the acquisition 
date, regardless of whether or not they were recorded in the financial statements of the entity prior to acquisition. On initial recognition, 
the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are included in the consolidated statement of financial position at their fair values, 
which are also used as the bases for subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policies. Investments in 
subsidiaries and joint ventures are stated at cost in the statement of financial position of the Company.

2.2 Goodwill

Goodwill representing the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired 
is capitalised and reviewed annually for impairment. Goodwill is stated after separating out identifiable assets and liabilities. Goodwill is 
carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Any excess of interest in acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over fair 
value is recognised immediately after acquisition through the income statement.

2.3 Foreign currency translation

The financial information is presented in pounds sterling, which is also the functional currency of the parent company.

In the separate financial statements of the consolidated entities, foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency 
of the individual entity using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions (“spot exchange rate”). Foreign exchange 
gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of remaining balances at year-end exchange 
rates are recognised in the income statement within ‘other expense’.

In the consolidated financial statements, all separate financial statements of subsidiary and jointly controlled entities, originally presented 
in a currency different from the Group’s presentation currency, have been converted into sterling. Assets and liabilities have been 
translated into sterling at the closing rate at the reporting date. Income and expenses have been converted into sterling at the average 
rates over the reporting period. Any differences arising from this procedure have been recognised in other comprehensive income and 
accumulated in the Foreign Currency Reserve.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

31

2.4 Income and expense recognition

Revenue represents amounts receivable for goods or services provided in the normal course of business, net of trade discounts, VAT 
and other sales-related taxes, and excluding transactions with or between Group companies. Revenues from the sale of electricity 
are recorded based upon output delivered at rates specified under contract terms or prevailing market rates as applicable. Revenue is 
recognised on the supply of electricity when a contract exists and supply has taken place. Revenue received for keeping power plants 
operating and available for dispatch into the grid as required is recognised on a straight-line basis over the contractual period. During the 
year under review and the prior year, no revenues were derived from the sale of equipment purchased with a view to subsequent resale.

Operating expenses are recognised in the income statement upon utilisation of the service or at the date of their origin. All other income 
and expenses are reported on an accrual basis.

2.5 Dividends

Dividends paid/receivable are recognised on a cash paid/cash received basis. No dividends were paid or received during the year 
(2012: nil).

2.6 Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are expensed as incurred except where the costs are directly attributable to specific construction projects, in which 
case the interest cost is capitalised as part of those assets.

2.7 Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. No depreciation is charged 
during the period of construction.

All operational buildings and plant and equipment in the course of construction are recorded as plant under construction until such time 
as they are brought into use by the Group. Plant under construction includes all direct expenditure and may include capitalised interest 
in accordance with the accounting policy on that subject. On completion, such assets are transferred to the appropriate asset category.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. The cost of major 
renovations and overhauls is included in the carrying amount of the assets where it is probable that the economic life of the asset is 
significantly enhanced as a consequence of the work. Major renovations and overhauls are depreciated over the expected remaining 
useful life of the work.

Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost less estimated residual value of all property, plant and equipment other than freehold 
land by equal annual instalments over their estimated useful economic lives. The periods generally applicable are:

Buildings
Plant and equipment

25 to 50 years
3 to 15 years

Material residual values are updated as required, but at least annually. Where the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its 
estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

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32

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

2.8 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amount of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable 
amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the 
recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset 
belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash 
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the asset.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of 
the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income 
statement.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of 
an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement.

2.9 Taxation

Current income tax assets and liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, fiscal authorities relating to the current or prior 
reporting period, that are unpaid at the reporting date. They are calculated according to the tax rates and tax laws applicable to the 
fiscal periods to which they relate, based on the taxable profit for the period. All changes to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised 
as a component of tax expense in the income statement or through the statement of changes in equity.

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences. This involves the comparison of the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with their respective tax bases. However, in accordance with 
the rules set out in IAS 12, no deferred taxes are recognised in respect of non-tax deductible goodwill. In addition, tax losses available to 
be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided for in full with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable 
that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income. Current and deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are calculated at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided that they are 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is provided on differences between the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in an acquisition and the carrying value of 
the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity and on the differences relating to investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies if 
the difference is a temporary difference and is expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the income statement, except where 
they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited 
directly to equity.

2.10 Financial assets

The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, loans and receivables.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand as well as short-term highly liquid investments such as bank deposits.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payment dates that are not quoted in an active 
market. They arise when the Group provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivable. 
Receivables are measured initially at fair value and subsequently remeasured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment. Any impairment is recognised in the income statement.

Trade receivables are provided against when objective evidence is received that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due to 
it in accordance with the original terms of the receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the 
asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

33

2.11 Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial instruments and are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument. All transaction costs are recognised immediately in the income statement. 

A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or 
expires.

Bank and other loans are raised for support of long-term funding of the Group’s operations. They are recognised initially at fair value, net 
of transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Finance charges, including 
premiums payable on settlement or redemption, and direct issue costs are charged to the income statement on an accruals basis using 
the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period 
in which they arise.

2.12 Inventories

Inventories comprise spare parts and similar items for use in the Group’s plant and equipment. Inventories are valued at the lower of 
cost and net realisable value on a first in, first out basis.

2.13 Shareholders’ equity

Equity attributable to the shareholders of the parent company comprises the following:

“Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares.
“Share premium” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity shares, net of expenses 
of the share issue.
“Foreign currency reserve” represents the differences arising from translation of investments in overseas subsidiaries.
“Share option reserve” represents the fair value of options granted and outstanding at the year-end.
“Retained earnings” represents retained profits.
“Other reserves” comprises unrealised revaluations of plant and machinery.

2.14 Pensions

During the year under review, the Group did not operate or contribute to any pension schemes (2012: nil).

2.15 Segment reporting

In identifying its operating segments, management follows the Group’s geographic locations. The activities undertaken by segments are 
the generation of electricity in their country of incorporation within South America.

Each of the operating segments is managed separately as the rules and regulations vary from country to country.

The measurement policies used by the Group for segment reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those used in the financial 
statements.

3 Key assumptions and estimates
When preparing the financial statement, management makes a number of judgements, estimates and assumptions about the 
recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities income and expenses. The actual results may differ from the judgements, estimates 
and assumptions made and will seldom equal the estimated results. The areas which management considers are likely to be most 
affected by the significant judgements, estimates and assumptions on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and 
expenses are:

a) Useful lives of depreciable assets – management reviews, with the assistance of external expert valuers, the useful lives of depreciable 
assets at each reporting date. This review includes consideration of the book value of plant under construction which at the year-end 
amounted to £9.8 million. Actual results, however, may vary due to changes in technology and industry practices.

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

b) Impairment – management reviews tangible and intangible assets at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is 
any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. This review process includes making assumptions about future 
events, circumstances and operating results. The actual results may vary from those expected and could therefore cause significant 
adjustments to the carrying value of the Group’s assets. Details of the assumptions underlying management’s forecasts for the Group’s 
main Cash-Generating Unit (“CGU”) are set out in note 15.

c) Deferred tax assets and liabilities – there exists an element of uncertainty regarding both the timing of the reversing of timing 
differences and the tax rate which will be applicable when the reversing of the asset or liability occurs.

d) Asset acquisitions – where the Group acquires assets or a company which is not considered to be a business as defined by IFRS 3, 
the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition and not a business combination.

e) The compensation claim is judged to be an asset due to the fact that an inflow of future economic benefit is virtually certain in 
accordance with the Bilateral Investment Treaties. The compensation asset is measured at cost (plus legal fees and interest) because, 
although a successful claim is virtually certain, management cannot reliably determine the fair value of these cash flows as there is a 
significant variability in the range of possible outcomes. Accordingly, and by analogous reference to IAS 39, the asset is recorded at cost. 

4 Segment Analysis
Management currently identifies the Group’s four geographic operating segments—Argentina, Chile, Peru and the head office in the 
UK–as operating segments as further described in the accounting policy note. These operating segments are monitored and strategic 
decisions are made on the basis of segment operating results.

The following tables provide an analysis of the operating results, total assets and liabilities, capital expenditure and depreciation for 2013 
and 2012 for each geographic segment. The main customer (accounting for over 90 per cent of revenues) in Argentina is a body which 
is subject to supervision by the Government electricity regulator. 

a) 12 months to 31.12.2013
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Administrative expenses
Profit/(loss) from operations
Other expense
Foreign exchange losses

Finance income
Finance expense
Loss before tax
Tax credit/(expense)
Loss for the year

Total assets
Total liabilities
Capital expenditure
Depreciation

ARGENTINA
£’000
9,651
(4,186)
5,465
(4,278)
1,187
—
(3,761)

—
(1,819)
(4,393)
218
(4,174)

15,741
22,169
221
435

CHILE
£’000
—
—
—
(55)
(55)
—
(55)

—
(3)
(113)
—
(113)

944
1,701
1,786
—

PERU
£’000
—
—
—
(475)
(475)
—
197

186
(219)
(311)
(29)
(340)

6,499
6,869
5,934
4

UK
£’000
5,442
(1,619)
3,823
(3,211)
612
—
(504)

3,857
(12,218)
(8,253)
—
(8,255)

78,441
6,199
16,195
5

BOLIVIA
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
(38,314)
—

(198)
—
(38,512)
—
(38,512)

(1,729)
—
—
—

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
—
856

(1,645)
12,987
12,198
—
12,198

(5,694)
(1,068)
—
—

TOTAL
£’000
15,093
(5,805)
9,288
(8,019)
1,269
(38,314)
(3,267)

2,200
(1,272)
(39,384)
189
(39,195)

94,202
35,870
24,136
444

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

35

b) 12 months to 31.12.2012
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Administrative expenses
Profit/(loss) from operations
Other expense
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain
Finance income
Finance expense
(Loss)/profit before tax
Tax (expense)/income
Loss for the year
Total assets
Total liabilities
Capital expenditure
Depreciation

ARGENTINA
£’000
13,248
(8,386)
4,862
(2,936)
1,926
(670)
(1,027)
—
(2,000)
(1,771)
(598)
(2,369)
21,991
12,849
238
729

CHILE
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,188
604
2,188
—

PERU
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,593
193
894
—

UK
£’000
125
—
125
(1,043)
(918)
(825)
(1,373)
4,869
(2,438)
(685)
—
(685)
21,061
12,695
—
—

BOLIVIA
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
51,473
—
—
—

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(1,588)
1,498
(90)
—
(90)
—
(7,571)
—
—

TOTAL
£’000
13,373
(8,386)
4,987
(3,979)
1,008
(1,495)
(2,400)
3,281
(2,940)
(2,546)
(598)
(3,144)
100,306
18,770
3,320
729

5 Exchange rate sensitivity analysis
The key exchange rates applicable to the results were as follows:

i) Closing rate

AR$ (Argentine Peso) to £

US$ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

ii) Average rate

AR$ (Argentine Peso) to £

US$ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

31.12.13

31.12.12

10.7073

1.6488

866

4.55

10.54

1.64

863

4.51

7.92

1.62

773

4.12

7.19

1.62

770

4.12

If the exchange rate of sterling at 31 December 2013 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent with all other variables held constant, 
shareholder equity at 31 December 2013 would have been £0.9 million (2012: £1.5 million) lower or higher than reported.

If the average exchange rate of sterling during 2012 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent with all other variables held constant, 
the profit for the year would have been £0.4 million (2011: £0.2 million) higher or lower than reported.

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

6 Cost of sales

Expenditure incurred in cost of sales is as follows: 

Cost of fuel

Depreciation

Maintenance

Cost of Equipment and ancillary costs

Other

7 Administrative expenses

Expenditure incurred in administrative expenses is as follows: 

Payroll and social security

Services, legal and professional

Office costs and general overheads

Audit and non-audit services1

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

3,021

435

730

1,475

144

5,805

6,962

729

486

—

209

8,386

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

3,370

497

4,065

87

8,019

2,256

447

1,216

60

3,979

1 

 Audit and non-audit services include £75,300 paid to the Auditor for the audit of the Company and the Group fi nancial statements and £nil paid to the 
Company’s Auditor for non-audit professional services provided to the Company in connection with the review of overseas activities (2012: £6,000). 
Fees paid to other auditors, in respect of the audit of joint venture companies, amounted to £11,500 (2012: £20,000).

8 Employee costs

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Group, including Directors, during the year was as follows:

Management

Operations

Development

Administration

Total

b) Company

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Company, including Directors, during year was as follows:

Management

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

3,370

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

2,256

NUMBER

NUMBER

12

17

7

24

60

£’000

409

15

30

45

£’000

442

NUMBER

6

NUMBER

6

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

37

c) Directors’ remuneration, including social security costs

The total remuneration paid to the Directors was £615,000 (2012: £292,000). The total remuneration of the highest paid Director was 
£230,000 (2012: £107,000). Other emoluments paid were health insurance costs, there were no bonuses, pension costs or share 
based payments paid during the year (2012: nil)

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

P. Earl
E. Shaw

A. Morris

M. Blanco

L. Coben

C. Emson
B. Rowbotham
Total

9 a) Other expense

Carbon Emission Reduction adjustment1

Loan arrangement fees2

Foreign exchange losses3

Total

Base Salary/Fee Inc.
Social Security

226
157

88

95

30

6
6
608

Other Emoluments
4
3

—

—

—

—
—
7

Total

230
160

88

95

30

6
6
615

Total

107
79

50

28

28

—
—
292

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

—

—

3,268

3,268

670

825

2,400

3,895

1 

 In 2009, EdS contracted to sell Carbon Emission Reduction (CER) credits over a four year period 2009 to 2012. The number of CERs actually 
generated was less than the original forecast and the £670,000 charge in the prior year represent the adjustment arising from this reduction.

2  Loan arrangement fees relate to the arrangement fees charged in connection with the US$15.45 million set out in note 25.
3  Foreign exchange losses have arisen in Argentina on US$ denominated loans and in the UK on US$ denominated receivables.

9 b) Other expense 

Loss on Bolivia settlement

 Loss  on settlement of Claim – Bolivia1

Arbitration Costs2

Total

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13 £’000

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.12 £’000

29,455

4,929

34,384

—

—

—

1. 

2. 

  The loss on the settlement with the Plurinational Government of Bolivia has been arrived at further to the agreement in April 2014 from meetings held 
between the senior management of Rurelec plc and the Attorney General of Bolivia.  The agreed settlement is US$31.5 million or £19.1 million which 
is made up of £17.5 million compensation claim and interest of £1.6 million.  The carrying value of the claim, excluding interest and reimbursement of 
costs, as at 31 December 2012 was £47.0 million and therefore the loss was £29.5 million.  

 The arbitration costs were not awarded to Rurelec and so £4.9 million has been taken as a charge in 2013, in 2012 these costs had been shown as a 
debtor from the claim.  

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

9 c) Other expense 

Birdsong Loan Expense

Interest Payable to Birdsong Loan1

Birdsong loan participation expense – CVR costs2

Accrued lender costs in 20143

Total

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

2,327

1,299

303

3,929

244

1,860

—

2,104

1 

Interest on the Birdsong loan of US$15.45 million has been shown in the table above and accrued until May 2014.
2  The Birdsong loan included a contingent value right which amounted to 15 per cent of the Bolivian claim plus interest. 
3  The Birdsong lender charges for extending the loan past 31st December 2013 have been accrued in 2013.

10 Finance income & Expense

Inter-group interest received/receivable1

Interest accrued on Bolivian claim2

Total interest income

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

2,399

(199)

2,200

1,501

1,780

3,281

Interest paid/payable on bank borrowings and loans3

(1,272)

(2,860)

1 

2 

3 

 Inter-group interest arises on loans by the Company to its 50 per cent owned joint venture companies (PEL and EdS).  The loans by the Company 
to PEL and EdS exceed the loans of the other 50 per cent shareholder by £13.5 million (2012: £14.4 million).  Interest on inter-group loans has been 
changed at rates of between 8 per cent and 19 per cent.  
 The settlement of the Bolivian claim includes interest of £1.58 million on the settlement from May 2010, being the date that the assets were nationalised, 
up to the payment date in May 2014.  The effective interest rate for this amount on the award of £17.5 million (US$ 28.9 million) is a rate of 2.14 per 
cent. This has let to a write down of £0.2 million of the interest accrual in 2013.

 Interest paid/payable includes interest on bank borrowings and other loans in Peru and Argentina whilst excludes interest accrued on the US$15.45 
million loan referred to in note 25, however the amount shown for 2012 included accrued interest on the loan of £578,000.  The details of amounts due 
under the loan are shown in note 25

Sensitivity analysis arising from changes in borrows costs is set out in note 25.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

39

11 Tax expense
The relationship between the expected tax expense at the basic rate of 23.75 per cent. (31 December 2012: 24 per cent) and the tax 
expense actually recognised in the income statement can be reconciled as follows:

Result for the year before tax

Standard rate of corporation tax in UK

Expected tax credit/(charge)

Adjustment for non-tax expense

Group relief surrender by joint venture company

Adjustment for different basis of calculating overseas tax

Actual tax expense

Comprising:

Current tax expense

Deferred tax (net credit)

Total expense

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

(39,384)

23.75%

9,354

(8,166)

-

(997)

189

136

53

189

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

(2,546)

24%

611

-

74

(1,283)

(598)

(626)

28

(598)

12  Earnings per share
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss for the period attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of 
shares in issue during the period. 

Average number of shares in issue

Effect of dilution – share options outstanding

Result for the year

(Loss)/profit attributable to equity holders of the parent

Basic (loss)/earnings per share

Diluted (loss)/earnings per share

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12

494,993,260

420,671,505

19,525,000

19,525,000

£(39.2m)

(7.92p)

(7.92p)

£(3.1m)

(0.75p)

(0.75p)

There is no difference between the Basic and Diluted loss per share as there was a loss in the year and therefore the outstanding 
options were anti-dilutive.

13  Holding company’s result for the year
As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the holding company’s income statement is not shown separately in the 
financial statements. The loss for the year was £10.4 million (2012: £0.6 million).

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

14  Property, plant and equipment

LAND
£’000

PLANT AND 
EQUIPMENT
£’000

PLANT UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
£’000

a) Group

Cost at 1.1.12

Exchange adjustments

Additions

Cost at 31.12.12

Exchange adjustments

Additions

Cost at 31.12.13

Depreciation at 1.1.12

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Depreciation at 31.12.12

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Depreciation at 31.12.13

Net book value – 31.12.13

Net book value – 31.12.12

86

(14)

—

72

(19)

72

125

—

—

—

—

—

125

72

21,540

(3,392)

238

18,386

(4,661)

16,418

30,142

2,849

(525)

729

3,053

(1,977)

444

1,520

28,621

15,333

Operating property, plant and equipment is located in Argentina. 

Plant under construction comprises plant in Chile (£3.7 million) and Peru (£6.7 million).

b) Company
The Company had no property, plant and equipment.

15  Intangible assets

At 1 January 2013

Fair value adjustment on Goodwill and intangibles

At 31 December 2013

At 31 December 2012

—

—

3,082

3,082

(321)

7,649

10,409

—

—

—

—

—

10,409

3,082

GOODWILL
£’000

3,168

1,791

4,959

3,168

TOTAL
£’000

21,626

(3,406)

3,320

21,540

(5,000)

24,134

40,678

2,849

(525)

729

3,053

(1,977)

444

1,520

39,158

18,487

TOTAL
£’000

3,168

1,791

4,959

3,168

a)  Goodwill represents the difference between the Group’s share of the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and the 

consideration transferred on the acquisition of 50 per cent of PEL in June 2008 and the acquisition of 100 per cent of IPC in June 
2013 including intangibles.

The Group tests goodwill and other intangible assets annually or more frequently if there are indications that the intangible asset 
might be impaired. The recoverable amounts are determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use 
calculations are those regarding the future cash flows (for a period of 5 years) which are based on the most recent financial projections 
prepared for each Cash Generating Unit (“CGU”). The projections incorporate management’s assumptions regarding revenue volumes, 
revenue prices, operating costs, including gas and forecast growth and are based on historical experience and current information. A 
long term discount rate, derived from market data on comparable interest rates in the local markets in which the Group operates, is then 
applied to the projected future cash flows. The equity discount rate applied is 13 per cent (2012 - 14 per cent).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

 
 
 
 
 
 
41

The following specific assumptions in respect of the Group’s main CGU in Argentina include:

i) 

Resolution by no later than 2018 of the current foreign currency issues in Argentina which presently restrict the outflow of certain 
types of debt

ii)  No adverse change in the gas price relative to the Government’s set price tariff

iii)  Existing contracts run their expected life and are renewed on terms no less favourable than the existing terms

iv)  Operating costs remain stable

v)  No major plant disruptions occur

vi)  Maintenance expenditure remains in line with past experience

vii)  Any period over and above the forecast period of 5 years assumes nil growth other than that applicable to inflation.

The assumptions in respect of the IPC CGU include the financial close and payment of development fees to IPC from the development 
company for developments in Chile and Peru, whilst also including engineering fees and recharge of expenses.  The costs of the group 
that are charged into IPC are well known and are shown to rise at a reasonable inflationary rate of 3 per cent and expansionary rate of 
an additional 7 per cent per annum.  The goodwill impairment test has been completed and shows no need for any impairment.  Indeed 
the brand value of IPC and its experience over 20 years in the South American market supports the intangible assets shown within the 
IPC financial statements.

The amount of goodwill that has been included in the intangible asset is £1,276,621.

IPC has been active in the development, financing and construction of power generation plants in South America, Asia, Africa and 
Europe for 19 years and has customer bases in these markets which Rurelec did not have prior to this business combination.  The 
Group can ascribe separate identifiable intangible assets in some of these markets where Rurelec has not been active over the past 
years. The direct cashflow basis has been used as the methodology to assess the value of the separate markets from Rurelec’s 
established market in South America.

The main addition to the revenue streams are the engineering fees and costs reimbursement plus development fees outside South 
America. The effect is that the NPV of the separate markets can be valued at £514,000 which values the Goodwill and Intangibles at 
£1,791,000 with the goodwill element being £1,276,621.

b)  IPC for the period up to acquisition had Revenues of £1,354k and Profit of £749k. For the full year Revenues were £5,604k and 

Profits were £2,108k. 

c)  Costs relating to the acquisition of IPC were £201k and these have been recognised as an expense and included in administrative 

costs. All issue costs were recognised as an expense.

d)  IPC’s gross contractual amounts of trade and other receivables were £46k and £1,510k respectively.

16  Trade and other receivables

a) Group – non-current

Trade receivables1

Amounts due from joint venture companies2

Other receivables and prepayments3

31.12.13
£’000

535

15,399

875

16,809

31.12.12
£’000

556

14,441

379

15,376

1 

2 

3 

 Non-current trade receivables includes £22,297 (2012: £211,000) of retentions by the Electricity Regulator in Argentina (which is expected to be either 
released or contributed towards ongoing capital projects) and £513,000 (2012: £345,000) of trade receivables which are not expected to be received 
within the next 12 months.
 Amounts due from joint venture companies represent the excess of the amounts lent by the Company, in excess of the amounts lent by the other 50 
per cent shareholder, to PEL and EdS, including credit support provided to suppliers of EdS. Interest on these amounts has been accrued at rates of 
between 8 per cent and 18 per cent per annum.
 Other receivables comprise £379,125 (2012: £379,000) of income tax paid by EdS which is expected to be recovered as an offset against future profi ts.

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

b) Group – current

Trade receivables

Other receivables and prepayments

Other receivables and prepayments includes £921,000 of VAT recoverable in Peru.

c) Company – non-current

Amounts owed by subsidiary companies1 

Amounts owed by joint venture companies2

The amounts by subsidiary companies include:

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

3,043

6,788

9,831

31.12.13
£’000

16,851

25,436

42,287

3,267

1,530

4,797

31.12.12
£’000

7,608

32,789

40,397

1 

2 

 Loans to subsidiaries in Chile (£6.2 million) and Peru (£5.7 million) are repayable on demand. The loans to Chile are currently non-interest bearing. The 
loans to Chile and Peru bear zero per cent interest at rates.
 The amounts owed by joint venture companies are interest bearing at rates of between 8 per cent and 18 per cent and are repayable on demand but 
are not expected to be fully received within the next 12 months. £7.7 million (2012: £10.7 million) is secured by a fi rst charge against the assets 
of EdS.

d) Company – current

Other receivables and prepayments

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

34

34

162

162

All trade and other receivables are unsecured, with the exception of the £7.7 million referred to in 16c above, and are not past their due 
by dates. The fair values of receivables are not materially different to the carrying values shown above.

17  Deferred tax

a) Asset at 1 January 2013

Exchange translation

(Debited)/Credited to tax expense

Asset at 31 December 2013

The Group deferred tax asset arises principally from tax losses carried forward in Argentina.

b) Liability at 1 January 2013

Exchange translation

Credited to tax expense

Liability at 31 December 2013

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

389

(101)

53

341

520

(83)

(48)

389

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

568

(148)

—

420

762

(174)

(20)

568

The Group deferred tax liability arises from deferred tax provisions on the fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of 50 per cent 
of PEL.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

43

18 Inventories 

a) Group – Inventories

Spare pars and consumables

Spare parts and consumables are valued at cost

b) Parent Company – Inventories

Inventories

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

227

494

31.12.13
£’000

16,195,

31.12.12
£’000

—

Inventories comprises of two Siemens 701DU Turbines acquired from IPSA in June 2013, these will be sold to Central Illapa SA for use 
in Chile during 2014.

19 Compensation claim

Book value of claim

31.12.13
£’000

19,126

31.12.12
£’000

51,473

As detailed in the 2010 Report and Accounts, on 1 May 2010 the Bolivian Government nationalised by force Rurelec’s controlling 
interest in Guaracachi. The Bolivian book value of the net assets of Guaracachi, together with declared but unpaid dividend for 2009, 
was not less than £47.0 million and was reported in the 2012 Report and Accounts. The amount of the investment claimed under 
Bilateral Investment Treaties as submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, was US$142.3 million and the Arbitration 
proceedings were held in April 2013. The award amount was for US$28.9million plus interest from 1 May 2010 to the date when the 
award is paid. As at 31 January the interest amounted to US$6.6 million making the total amount due to Rurelec in settlement of the 
claim US$35.5million or £21.5million. The Tribunal representing the Permanent Court of Arbitration decided not to award costs to either 
side. The costs of the Arbitration to Rurelec were £4.9 million.

After further negotiations with the Plurinational State of Bolivia at the end of April 2014 the total payment to be received by Rurelec  
would be $31.5 million or £19.1 million. This is a total loss of £34.6 million on the carrying value of the assets as at 31st December 2013 
being a loss of £29.5 million on the underlying assets and £5.1 million on the legal fees and accrued interest.

Further details and information on this claim can be found in the Chief Executive Officer’s Review of Operations.

20  Cash and cash equivalents

a) Group

Cash and short-term bank deposits

b) Company

Cash and short-term bank deposits

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

3,750

21

6,122

4,502

Cash and short-term bank deposits are held, where the balance is material, in interest bearing bank accounts, accessible at between 1 
and 30 days’ notice. The effective average interest rate is less than 1 per cent. The Group holds cash balances to meet its day-to-day 
requirements. Included within the Group and the Company’s balance at 31 December 2012 was $2.15 million of cash held in a blocked 
account pending payment of a deposit on plant being shipped to Chile, this was settled in 2013.

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44

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

21  Share capital

In issue, called up and fully paid

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

557,236,492 ordinary shares of 2p each (2012: 420,671,505)

11,145

8,413

Reconciliation of movement in share capital

Balance at 1 January 2012

Allotment in June 2013

Balance at 31 December 2013

NUMBER

420,671,505

136,564,987

557,236,492

£’000

8,413

2,732

11,145

The allotment in June 2013 was at 12.5 pence per share. The difference between the total consideration arising from shares issued and 
the nominal value of the shares issued has been credited to the share premium account. Costs associated with allotments are debited 
to the share premium account.

22 Share option reserve

Balance at 1 January 2013

Fair value of options granted during the year

Balance at 31 December 2013

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

46

61

107

—

46

46

In March 2012, the Company introduced a share option plan and granted options over 19,525,000 shares at 9.5p per share. Of these 
options, 3,875,000 were exercisable from the date of grant. 5,216,667 options vested in 2013, the remuneration committee approved 
50 per cent vesting of these, the remaining 50 per cent are dependent of performance targets being met or being waived at a future 
date. The remaining 10,433,333 shares vest in two equal tranches in March 2013 and March 2015 and are subject to performance 
targets.

The Black–Scholes option pricing model has been used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the year. Expected volatility 
in the share price has been based on 20 per cent.

All of the options granted to directors vest in the three equal tranches and are subject to performance criteria, as referred to above. 

Options granted to the directors which were outstanding at the year-end:

A. Morris

P. Earl

E. Shaw

M. Blanco

L. Coben

31.12.13
NUMBER OF
SHARES

1,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

650,000

31.12.12
NUMBER OF
SHARES

1,000,000

5,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

650,000

No options were exercised during the year and the total number of options outstanding at the year-end was 19,525,000.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

23 Trade and other payables

a) Group – non-current

CER liability

b) Group – current

Trade payables

Accruals

c) Company – current

Trade payables

Accruals

24  Tax liabilities

a) Group – non-current

Tax due in Argentina

b) Group – current

UK corporation tax

P.A.Y.E in the UK

VAT in UK

Tax due in Argentina

Other taxes due in Argentina principally VAT

P.A.Y.E. in Peru

45

31.12.13
£’000

31.12.12
£’000

—

—

8,417

466

8,883

5,084

61

1,921

31.12.13
£’000

18

31.12.13
£’000

—

29

11

56

343

27

466

2,373

1,952

4,325

526

173

699

31.12.12
£’000

210

31.12.12
£’000

—

—

—

53

—

—

53

This liability for tax due in Argentina relates to an agreement reached with the tax authorities in 2009 in respect of a claim for tax on the 
capitalisation of a loan in earlier years before the Group had an interest in EdS which has been deemed taxable by the tax authorities. 
The tax is payable in equal quarterly instalments with the final instalment due in August 2019. The total liability outstanding at 
31 December 2013 was £191,000 (2012: £263,000). 

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46

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

25  Borrowings

a) Group – non-current

Loan from CAMMESA1

Other loans2

b) Group – current

Loan from CAMMESA1

Other loans2

Group – total borrowings

The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows:

Within 1 year

In more than 1 year, but less than 2 years

In more than 2 years, but less than 3 years

In more than 3 years

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

877

622

1,499

1,516

23,067

24,583

26,082

1,301

—

1,301

316

11,997

12,313

13,614

24,583

11,313

311

311

877

462

316

523

26,082

13,614

1 

2 

 CAMMESA, the Argentine wholesale market administrator, has advanced funds to EdS to support capital expenditure. The loan bears interest at 7 
per cent per annum. The loan is repayable in instalments with the fi nal repayment due in July 2016.

 Other loans comprise a loan of US$15.45 million, plus accrued interest, to Birdsong Overseas Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Rurelec PLC. The 
loan was arranged in July 2012 in order to provide additional working capital for the Group’s expansion in Chile and Peru and the costs of the Bolivian 
litigation. The loan was repayable by 31 December 2013 secured by a fi rst charge on the proceeds from the Bolivian Arbitration claim and the assets 
of Birdsong Overseas Limited. In December 2013 the term of the loan was extended to 30 April 2014.  It was also extended a second time on 1 May 
2014.  Under the terms of the loan, the loan provider is entitled to a portion of the proceeds recovered in relation to the fi nal settlement of the award, in 
connection with the Bolivian arbitration. The portion of the proceeds payable to the loan provider is dependent upon a number of variables, including 
the length of time to recover such proceeds and the quantum of the proceeds. The minimum amount payable became 15 per cent of the proceeds 
recovered after 1January 2014 and based on the carrying value of the claim (see note 19), the portion of the proceeds which the lender will be entitled 
to receive amounts US$5.2 million and accordingly has been accrued at 31 December 2013. Interest on the loan is payable at 12 per cent per annum 
up to 31st December 2013 and 24 per cent thereafter. 

Sensitivity analysis to changes in interest rates:

If interest rates on the Group’s borrowings during the year had been 0.5 per cent higher or lower with all other variables held constant, 
the interest expense and pre-tax profits would have been £1.3 million lower or higher than reported.

Sensitivity analysis to changes in exchange rates:

The Group’s external borrowings are denominated in AR$ and US$. As a result, the liability to the Group’s lenders will change as 
exchange rates change. The Group’s borrowings are substantially related to specific electricity generating assets and therefore the effect 
on the net equity of the Group is limited. The overall effect on the Group’s net equity which would arise from changes in exchange rates 
is set out in note 5 above.

The effect on borrowings alone if exchange rates weakened or strengthened by 10 per cent with all other variables held constant would 
be to reduce or increase the value of the Group’s borrowings and equity by £1.2 million (2012: £1.2 million).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

47

26  Investments

Cost at 1 January 2013

Additions during 2012

Investment in Cascade Hydro Limited

Investment in Termoelectrica del Norte SA

Investment in Central Illapa SA

Investment in Independent Power Corp PLC

Reduction in Investment in Birdsong

Reduction in Investment in Energia para Sistemas Aislados SA

Balance at 31 December 2013

At the year-end the Company held the following investments:

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

18,998

—

269

4,190

33

4,000

(10,455)

(292)

16,743

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

8,470

10,528

—

—

—

—

—

—

18,998

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

 50 per cent (2012: 50 per cent) of the issued share capital of Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), a company registered in the British Virgin Islands under 
registration number 620522. PEL owns 100 per cent of the issued share capital of Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”), a company registered in Argentina. EdS 
is a generator and supplier of electricity to the national grid in Argentina. 

 100 per cent (2012: 100 per cent) of the issued share capital of Birdsong Overseas Ltd (“BOL”), a company registered in the British Virgin Islands, under 
registration number 688032. BOL owns 100 per cent of Bolivia Integrated Energy Limited (“BIE”), a company registered in the British Virgin Islands, 
under registration number 510247. Until 1 May 2010, BIE owned, through an intermediary holding company, 50.00125 per cent of the issued share 
capital of Empresa Electrica Guaracachi S.A. (“Guaracachi”), a company registered in Bolivia. During 2013 BOL made a loss of £6.8 million due to the 
accounting for the Bolivian Arbitration Award received in January 2014.

 100 per cent (2012: 70 per cent) of the issued share capital of Cascade Hydro Limited (CHL), a company registered in England and Wales under 
registration number 7640689. CHL owns, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent interest in Electricidad Andina S.A. and 93 per cent of 
Empresa de Generacion Electrica Canchayllo S.A.C., both being companies registered in Peru. During 2013 CHL acquired the remaining 30 per cent 
minority stake by way of an exchange of shares. The minority shareholders received 1,737,116 new Rurelec shares for their holdings in CHL, issued at a 
price of 12.5 pence per share, an aggregate consideration of £217,139. 

 100 per cent (2012: 100 per cent) of Cochrane Power Limited, a company registered in England and Wales under registration number 8220905. 
Cochrane Power Limited owned at the year-end, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent interest in Central Illapa S.A. and 100 per cent 
interest in Termoelectrica del Norte S.A., both being companies registered in Chile.

 100 per cent (2012: 100 per cent) of Central Illapa SA, a company registered in Chile under registration number 76.14535-9 and owner of the Illapa 255 
MW project.

 100 per cent (2012: 100 per cent) Termoelectrica del Norte SA, a company registered in Chile under registration number 76.043.067-6 and owner 
of the Arica project. The investment during the year has been in the turbine and a transformer during the year plus development costs of the project 
totalling £4.2 million. 

 100 per cent (2012: 100 per cent) of Energia para Sistemas Aislados SA a company registered in Bolivia under registration number 107782. The 
investment in this company in Bolivia of £292,000 has been written down to zero in the year because the assets have been incorporated within the 
overall settlement with the Plurinational State of Bolivia with the nationalisation of the assets of Empresa Electrica Guaracachi SA.

 100 per cent (2012: Nil per cent) of the issued share capital of Independent Power Corporation plc (IPC), a company registered in England and Wales 
under registration number 3097552. The investment in IPC was acquired in June 2013. IPC is one of the United Kingdom’s leading power developers 
and power plant operators. Since 1995 it has developed and operated thermal and hydro plants in North America, Latin America, South Africa, Asia 
and Europe. In consideration for the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of IPC, 32,000,000 new Ordinary Shares in Rurelec PLC were issued 
to the shareholders of IPC which, at the Placing Price, represents an implied value for IPC of £4 million.

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

26  Investments (continued)
The provisional fair values of IPC’s assets and liabilities acquired were as follows:

Property, plant and machinery

Investments

Inventories

Trade and other receivables < 1 year

Cash

Trade and other payables > 1 year

Total Net Assets acquired

Excess of acquired cost over net assets (Goodwill and Intangibles)

Purchase Consideration paid in the year in Rurelec PLC shares

BOOK 
VALUE
£’000

16

8,523

1,291

4,399

24

(12,964)

1,289

FAIR VALUE 
ADJUSTMENT
£’000

PROVISIONAL 
FAIR VALUE
£’000

0

(8,523)

0

(2,321)

0

11,764

920

16

0

1,291

2,078

24

(1,200)

2,209

1,791

4,000

27 Joint venture
The following table sets out the Group’s share of its interest in its joint venture operation in Argentina.

Revenue

Expenses

Non-current assets

Current assets

Non-current liabilities1

Current liabilities

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

9,652

(8,465)

11,906

3,103

(16,682)

(2,800)

13,248

(11,322)

16,729

4,048

(16,519)

(3,199)

1  Non-current liabilities includes £15.4 million (2012: £14.4 million) of loans advanced by the Company (see note 16).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

49

28  Reconciliation of profi t before tax to cash generated from operations

a) Group

(Loss)/profit for the year before tax

Net finance income

Adjustments for:

  Depreciation

  Unrealised exchange losses in joint venture companies

  Movement in share option reserve

Adjustment for loss in Bolivia

Movement in working capital:

  Change in inventories

  Change in trade and other receivables

  Change in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

b) Company

(Loss)/profit for the year before tax

Net finance income

Adjustments for:

  Unrealised exchange losses/(gains) on loans

  Movement in share option reserve

Adjustment  for loss in Birdsong

Movement in working capital:

  Change in trade and other receivables

  Change in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

YEAR ENDED       
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

(39,384)

928

444

(3,267)

61

34,384

(267)

(6.467)

4,558

(1,942)

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

—

(10,364)

2,276

437

61

10,689

(1,762)

4,446

5,783

(2,546)

(341)

729

1,741

46

—

(187)

(1.907)

198

(2,267)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

—

(604)

(2,511)

1,105

46

—

(1,528)

249

(3,243)

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

29  Financial risk management
The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Group’s risk 
management is coordinated to secure the Group’s short to medium-term cash flows by minimising its exposure to financial markets. The 
Group does not actively engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant 
risks to which the Group is exposed are described below:

a) Foreign currency risk

The Group is exposed to translation and transaction foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of these 
assets and liabilities are taken to the profit and loss account of the Group. The Group’s principal trading operations are based in South 
America and as a result the Group has exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations in the principal currencies used in South 
America. The Group also has exposure to the US$ as a result of borrowings denominated in these currencies.

b) Interest rate risk

Group funds are invested in short-term deposit accounts, with a maturity of less than three months, with the objective of maintaining a 
balance between accessibility of funds and competitive rates of return.

c) Capital management policies and liquidity risk

The Group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, accumulated retained earnings and other 
reserves.

The Group’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.

The Company meets its capital needs primarily by equity financing. The Group sets the amount of capital it requires to fund the Group’s 
project evaluation costs and administration expenses. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light 
of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

The Company and Group do not have any derivative instruments or hedging instruments. It has been determined that a sensitivity 
analysis will not be representative of the Company’s and Group’s position in relation to market risk and therefore, such analysis has not 
been undertaken.

As set out in note 25, the Group has £24.6 million of loans falling due within 12 months. This includes the loan of US$15.45 million, plus 
interest, which is due for repayment by 30 April 2014. This loan was repaid on 2 June 2014 from the proceeds of the claim against the 
Bolivian Government. 

The following table sets out when the Group’s financial obligations fall due: 

Current – due within 1 year:

Trade payables

Borrowings

Total due within 1 year:

Non-current – due in more than 1 year but less than 5 years

Borrowings

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.13
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.12
£’000

8,883

25,049

33,932

2,373

12,313

14,686

1,499

1,301

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

51

d) Credit risk

Generally, the maximum credit risk exposure of financial assets is the carrying amount of the financial assets as shown on the face of 
the balance sheet (or in the detailed analysis provided in the notes to the financial statements). Credit risk, therefore, is only disclosed 
in circumstances where the maximum potential loss differs significantly from the financial asset’s carrying value. The Group’s trade and 
other receivables are actively monitored to avoid significant concentrations of credit risk.

e) Fair values

In the opinion of the Directors, there is no significant difference between the fair values of the Group’s and the Company’s assets and 
liabilities and their carrying values and none of Group’s and the Company’s trade and other receivables are considered to be impaired.

The financial assets and liabilities of the Group and the Company are classified as follows:

31 December 2013

FAIR VALUE
THROUGH
PROFIT
AND LOSS
£’000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

FAIR VALUE
THROUGH
PROFIT
AND LOSS
£’000

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

GROUP

LOANS
AND
RECEIVABLES
£’000

16,809

9,831

3,750

—

—

—

—

30,390

GROUP

LOANS
AND
RECEIVABLES
£’000

15,376

4,797

6,122

—

—

—

—

26,295

BORROWINGS
AND PAYABLES
AT AMORTISED 
COST
£’000

FAIR VALUE
THROUGH
PROFIT
AND LOSS
£’000

—

—

—

—

(8,883)

(1,499)

(24,583)

(34,965)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

COMPANY

LOANS
AND
RECEIVABLES
£’000

35,771

6,075

21

—

—

—

—

BORROWINGS
AND PAYABLES
AT AMORTISED
COST
£’000

—

—

—

—

(5,144)

—

—

41.867

(5,144)

BORROWINGS
AND PAYABLES
AT AMORTISED 
COST
£’000

FAIR VALUE
THROUGH
PROFIT
AND LOSS
£’000

COMPANY

LOANS
AND
RECEIVABLES
£’000

BORROWINGS
AND PAYABLES
AT AMORTISED
COST
£’000

—

—

—

—

(4,325)

(1,301)

(12,313)

(17,949)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

40,397

162

4,502

—

—

—

—

45,061

—

—

—

—

(699)

—

—

(699)

Trade and other receivables > 1 year

Trade and other receivables < 1 year

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables > 1 year

Trade and other payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Totals

31 December 2012

Trade and other receivables > 1 year

Trade and other receivables < 1 year

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other payables > 1 year

Trade and other payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Totals

www.rurelec.com

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52

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013

30  Capital commitments
The Group had outstanding capital commitments of US$0.7 million (2012: £2.4 million) in respect of plant ordered but not delivered at 
the year-end.

31  Contingent liabilities
EdS has entered into a long-term maintenance agreement with a third party who provides for the regular service and replacement of 
parts of two turbines. The agreement runs until 2022. The Group’s 50 per cent share of the total payable under the agreement until 
the year 2022 amounts to US$6.3 million/£3.8 million (2011: US$6.6 million/£4.1 million). In the event that EdS wishes to terminate the 
agreement before 2022, a default payment would become payable. The Group does not anticipate early termination and therefore no 
provision has been made in this regard.

32  Related party transactions
During the year the Company and the Group entered into material transactions with related parties as follows:

a) Company

i)  Paid, to its 100 per cent subsidiary Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”), a) £0.1 million to Independent Power Corporation 
PLC (“IPC”) under a “Shared Services Agreement”, b) paid a development fee of US$ 0.08 million in respect of a proposed project 
in Chile c) reimbursed expenses incurred by IPC on behalf of the Company totalling £9,000. d) Reimbursed pre-project expenses 
relating to Central Illapa of £322,000. P.R.S. Earl and E.R. Shaw are Directors of IPC which was acquired by the Company on 10 June 
2013.

ii)  Paid salaries to key management amounting to £0.6 million (2011: £0.3 million).

iii) Charged interest on loans to its joint venture companies (PEL and EdS) amounting to £2.1 million and £0.8 million respectively. Loans 
by the Company to PEL and EdS at the year-end amounted to £19.4 million and £7.7 million respectively. In addition, the Company 
has provided £3.8 million of support to creditors of EdS. Interest on these loans has been accrued at rates of between 8 per cent and 
18 per cent.

iv) Provided loans totalling £5.6 million to its subsidiary companies in Peru and charged interest amounting to £90,000

v) Provided loans totalling £1.0million to its subsidiaries companies in Chile.

b) Group

None.

33  Post balance sheet date events
Since the year-end, the Group has continued to develop the generation projects in Chile whilst seeking local partners for the two 
projects under development.  The Group has also continued to construct the Canchayllo run-of-river hydro plant in the Junin province of 
Peru some 250km East of Lima, whilst also obtaining the Peruvian Government backed power purchase agreement for a 12 MW run-
of-river hydro plant in the same province as Canchayllo by depositing a $3 million bond with the Supervisory Agency for Investment in 
Energy and Mining a public institution responsible for regulating and supervising companies in the electricity, oil and mining sectors.

On the 2 June 2014 the Group received US$31.5 million from the Government of Bolivia in full settlement of the arbitration and also 
settled the full amount of the outstanding Birdsong loan of US$25.9 million.

The Chief Executive’s Review of Operations contains further details.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

Stock code: RUR

NOITMA
COMPANY INFORMATION
MAROFNY INAMP
MPOC

srtoceriD
Directors 
C.J. Emson 
(Non-Executive Chairman)
(Non-Executive Chairman)
L. Coben (Non-Executive)
L. Coben (Non-Executive)
B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)
B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)
M. Blanco
.R.S. Earl
PP.
A.J.S Morris
E.R. Shaw

Secretary 
ytarerecS
y
S.A. Laker

Company number 
rebumnyy 
ynapmCo
4812855

Registered office and 
d ne acfifd o
eretsigeR
business address 
ssedrd a
ssneisbu
5th Floor
Prince Consort House
Prince Consort House
27–29 Albert Embankment
27–29 Albert Embankment
London
SE1 7TJ

nton UK LLP

r
Auditor 
toiduA
Grant Thor
Grant Thor
ed Auditors
Register
ed Auditors
ed Accountants
ed Accountants
Charter
Grant Thor
nton House
Grant Thor
Melton Str
Melton Str
eet
Euston Squar
Euston Squar
London
NW1 2EP
NW1 2EP

e

sr
Bankers 
rkenaB
Coutts & Co
Coutts & Co
440 Strand
440 Strand
London
WC2R 0QS
WC2R 0QS

sor
Solicitors 
itciolS
or
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & 
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & 
Flom (UK) LLP
Flom (UK) LLP
40 Bank Str
40 Bank Str
eet
Canary Wharf
Canary Wharf
London
E14 5DS

srke
Brokers 
orB
WH Ir
eland Ltd
WH Ir
24 Martin Lane 
24 Martin Lane 
London
London
EC4R 0DR
EC4R 0DR

omi
omi

 Adetna
Nominated Adviser 
residv
N
Daniel Stewart and Company Ltd
Daniel Stewart and Company Ltd
Becket House
Becket House
36 Old Jewry
36 Old Jewry
London
London
EC2R 8DD
EC2R 8DD

LONDON

HEAD OFFICE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

Prince Consort House, 27–29 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7TJ, United Kingdom

RURELEC PLC

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7793 5610
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7793 7654