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FY2020 Annual Report · Rurelec
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258960 Rurelec Annual Report Cover White.qxp  01/06/2020  16:34  Page 1

2020

RURELEC PLC

5 St. John’s Lane, London EC1M 4BH, England, United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 207 549 2839/40

Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

ANNUAL REPORT  
AND ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBE 2020 

Stock code: RUR

Contents 

Strategic Report                                                

Non-Executive Director’s Statement                                        

Review of Financial Performance                                           

 2 

 8 

Review of Operations                                                                     

 9 

Our Governance 

Board of Directors                                                                             13 

Directors’ Report                                                                               14 

Corporate Governance Report                                                   

 17 

Our Financials 

Independent Auditor’s Report                                                  

Consolidated Income Statement                                              

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income          

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position                         

Company Statement of Financial Position                              

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows                                   

Company Statement of Cash Flows                                           

Consolidated Statement in Changes in Equity                       

Company Statement in Changes in Equity                              

Notes to the Financial Statements                                            

 23 

 29 

 30 

 31 

 32 

 33 

 34 

 35 

 36 

 37 

Company Information                                                                    

 61 

Rurelec PLC (“Rurelec”) is an owner, developer and operator of power generation capacity internationally. 

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership, operation and development of power generation facilities on 
national  and  regional  grids,  selling  wholesale  electricity  as  a  generator  on  commercial  terms,  through  capacity 
payments and/or power purchase agreements (“PPAs”). 

Rurelec’s current business is centred on Rurelec’s share of an operational plant in Argentina whilst also seeking to 
complete the development of its project in Chile or sell its interests in that project. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT 

Dear Shareholder 

In common with many other listed companies, the Annual Report and Accounts are published and will be filed, later 
than  usual  this  year  following  delays  associated  with  the  audit  process,  caused  by  COVID-19.  The  Company 
received  confirmation  that  this  extended  timetable  is  permitted  pursuant  to  the  relevant  amendments  to  the 
Companies Act 2006 (and the requirements of Companies House). 

The year ended 31 December 2020 was characterised by a consolidation of the financial position of the business, 
minimising risk and cash outflows in the face of uncertainty regarding the future cash generation of our joint venture 
Argentinian asset, Energia del Sur SA (“EdS”).  This uncertainty is being driven by problems in the Argentinian 
economy, exacerbated by COVID-19 related hardship. In particular the Argentinian government did not immediately 
announce a new tariff to replace the Resolution 220 tariff which had been responsible for economic returns from 
EdS  in  recent  years  when  operating  normally.  Instead,  all  generation  was  remunerated  at  the  spot  tariff  from 
September  2020  and  an  improvement  in  that  tariff  was  delayed  until  May  2021  when  a  29%  increase  was 
announced.   

Loan repayments from EdS enabled the Group to settle its secured creditor during 2019. The Bridge Properties 
(Arena Central) Limited (“BPAC”) loan was fully repaid on 20 December 2019.  As a result, the security held over 
the assets of the Group by BPAC under its debenture was released.  The Group is now debt-free, an important 
step  towards  financial  stability  which  is  a  key  goal  of  the  Board.  However,  unless  EdS  is  able  in  the  future  to 
generate surplus cash in the face of highly adverse political and economic conditions in Argentina, in the longer-
term cash generation by the Group will become more reliant on other asset disposals in order ensure viability and 
ultimately to be in a position to make returns to shareholders and that is therefore an area of renewed focus for the 
Company.  

Post year end, as announced on 9 September 2021 the Group disposed of its Frame 6B gas turbine generating 
set and  certain  associated  ancillary  equipment  for  US$1.0 million,  and accordingly a  non-refundable  deposit of 
£73k/US$100k was received the balance of £649k/US$900k is expected to be received on completion, expected 
to be no later than 30 November 2021. After settlement of local Chilean costs and other expenses connected with 
the sale, the Group expects to receive net US$ 940k from this sale. This will significantly reduce reliance on cash 
flows from EdS. 

Group  current  liabilities  at  31  December  2020  stood  at  £0.4  million,  which  compares  with  the  position  at  31 
December 2019 of £0.5 million.  

Outlook 

Argentina 

Following  the  extensive  maintenance  programme  completed  in  early  2019  EdS  has  performed  well  from  an 
operational standpoint, albeit offtake has been reduced by the growth in sustainable energy sources in Patagonia.   

The Rurelec Board continued to prioritise the importance of maintaining a constructive and co-operative working 
relationship  with  our  joint  venture  partner  in  Patagonia  Energy  Limited  (“PEL”),  the  holding  company  of  the 
Argentinian asset, as all future cash remittances from EdS need to flow up through PEL given all direct debts owed 
from EdS to the Group were repaid in 2020.  That relationship has improved since November 2019 since the signing 
of an agreement with the joint venture partner in PEL that, amongst other issues, sets out how future cash receipts 
in PEL will be allocated between the joint venture partners.  This agreement transformed the relationship resulting 
in £2.3 million of cash being received by Rurelec from PEL between 19 November 2019 and 31 December 2020..   

However, the generation of surplus cash by EdS and rate of cash remittances from EdS to PEL continued to be hit 
by other external factors. Despite the plant continuing to perform well, the economic situation in Argentina remains 
in  crisis  and  this  has  been  amplified  by  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  on  an  already  weak  economy.  
Argentinian cost inflation continued to soar, affecting staff costs in particular.  The economy has shown little sign 
of improvement since a change of government in October 2019 and businesses in the power generation industry 
have reported difficulty in operating under current tariffs.   

The Argentine annual inflation rate was over 50% in July 20211.  The value of the Argentinian peso against the US 
Dollar plummeted by nearly 46% in 2020 and at the end of July 2021 had declined further by 15%. The Exchange 
controls implemented by the new government remained punitive to foreign investors - the Argentinian Central Bank 

1  INDEC  (Instituto  Nacional  de  Estadística  y  Censos  de  la  Argentina)  (Argentinas’  National  Statistics  and  Census  Office) 
Technical repor,  Vol. 5, No. 25 https://www.indec.gob.ar/uploads/informesdeprensa/ipc_07_212AB2FD3F4F.pdf 

2 

 
 
(“BCRA”)  exchange  controls  have  a  direct  effect  on  the  cash  remittances  by  EdS  to  PEL,  the  latter  not  being 
resident in Argentina.  The cost of transferring money out of Argentina has increased dramatically since February 
2020 and since then the loss suffered on transferring Argentine Pesos to US dollars has amounted to approximately 
43% of the underlying face value. 

In addition, early in 2020, the Argentinian Government announced a policy change whereby energy spot prices 
would no longer be linked to US Dollars but to Argentinian Pesos.   Under the Resolution 220 tariff, by which EdS 
was remunerated for the power output of its steam turbine operating in combined cycle, the steam turbine revenue 
was US dollar based; this has increased the foreign exchange risk. 

The anticipated expiry of the Resolution 220 tariff in September 2020 has been a source of great uncertainty for a 
number  of  years.  The  Argentinian  government  did  not  immediately  announce  a  replacement  tariff.    Instead, 
remuneration levels fell significantly to spot-market rates governed by the existing Resolution SE 31/2020 tariff 
(“Resolution 31”). 

Despite negotiations at the highest possible level with the Argentinian Government, its Secretariat of Energy and 
also  with  CAMMESA,  output  from  the  Steam  Turbine  was  remunerated  at  Resolution  31  spot  rates  between 
September 2020 and February 2021.  

On  12  February  2021  CAMMESA  agreed  to  a  12  month  suspension  of  interest  and  repayments  for  two 
maintenance loans to EdS and a constant Utilization Factor, which is used to calculate capacity equal to 70% of 
nominal output from 1st February 2021.  

On 19 May 2021, Resolution SE 440/2021 (“Resolution 440”) was announced introducing the following changes to 
the existing Resolution 31 tariff: 

•  Spot generation tariffs increased by additional payments of 29% on average.  
•  This increase is to be retroactively applied from February 2021 (though payment of these sums is delayed – 

see below).  

•  There was a cancellation of the Update Clause (Art 2. SE Resolution 31/2020) for the increase in rates based 

on the Consumer Price index “CPI” and the Internal Wholesale Price Index “IPIM” 

Under  this  change,  steam  and  gas  turbine  capacity  and  offtake  revenue  are  all  remunerated  under  the  same 
Resolution  440  tariff.  Previously  just  gas  turbine  offtake  was  remunerated  under  the  Resolution  31  spot  tariff. 
Despite the increases in Resolution 440, the income generated under this new tariff will be significantly lower than 
under Resolution 220. 

The Directors anticipate that EdS’s revenue will be significantly adversely impacted by this change and accordingly 
negotiations continue with the Government and CAMMESA to be awarded an improved tariff that reflects the high 
cost of  operating  in  the  Comodoro  Rivadavia  region.  The  adverse  overall  impact  of  the  tariff  changes  may  be 
mitigated by the ongoing negotiations with the Argentinian Secretariat of Energy, albeit there is no certainty when 
these negotiations will be concluded or what their impact will be. Until then, EdS’s revenue and cash generation 
will continue to be affected, which in turn will influence the timing and amounts of any cash payments from EdS to 
PEL and ultimately to Rurelec. 

Amidst this economic pressure, CAMMESA has also continued to delay payments due to power generators for the 
power they have generated – for example at the time of writing this report, the additional payments due under the 
Resolution 440 PPA have been delayed with the majority of the payment only being received in August 2021. This 
has added further adverse pressure on EdS’ cash generation.  

In  response  to  anticipated  reductions  in  revenue,  directed  by  the  Board  of  Rurelec  and  its  JV  partners,  EdS 
management pursued a cost saving programme which culminated in the retirement of EdS’s Chief Executive Officer 
in December 2020 and the move to part-time working of two senior staff at the operations Head Office in La Plata 
outside Buenos Aires. The achievement of labour cost reduction in this consensual way became essential as the 
Argentine government introduced Emergency labour laws in reaction to COVID-19.  These laws effectively doubled 
the compensation legally payable in the event of redundancy in Argentina2.  

The  COVID-19  pandemic  was  confirmed  to  have  spread  to  Argentina  on  3  March  2020.  On  19  March  2020, 
Argentina entered a mandatory nation-wide lockdown. Restrictions were extended several times until 8 November 
2020. During the second wave, another nationwide lockdown took place between 22 and 31 May 2021. 

2 Art. 3 Decreto de necesidad y urgencia 34/2019, valid until 31.12.2021. 
https://www.argentina.gob.ar/justicia/derechofacil/leysimple/despido  

3 

 
 
Argentina’s Government determined that EdS’ power generation was an essential service, and instructed that the 
power plant should operate with minimum staffing, covering operational shifts and specialist preventive cleaning 
work.  All but essential personnel have been working remotely and not been coming to the plant unless there is an 
equipment-related problem to address at the plant.  A wide range of preventative measures were implemented to 
protect and safeguard staff. Overall, these measures were successful in minimising the adverse impact of COVID-
19 on EdS’s ability to continue in operation.  

However, the major maintenance work on one of the gas turbines scheduled for Q1 2020 has had to be postponed 
beyond 31 December 2021, though this is not in the meantime expected to have a significantly detrimental effect 
on operations. Maintenance works are determined by the number of hours a turbine operates, lower output and 
careful management of the hours each turbine runs has allowed the postponement of the previously planned Q1 
2020 maintenance, whilst still complying with output levels agreed with CAMMESA. 

Chile and the Group’s two 701DU Siemens turbines 

The Group’s Central Illapa project (“Mejillones”) remains consented, and licence fees have been paid to maintain 
that consent.  The two 701DU  turbines,  which  are  stored  in  Italy,  could  be  used  in  the  project  (the  turbines  are 
consented for the project), or be sold on the open market. The Directors are pursuing both options in line with the 
strategy to return value to shareholders in the shortest possible timeframe. 

Summary 

Although 2020  was a year  of consolidation  with  some small  improvements  in  the  Group’s  liquidity  position,  the 
effect of the current poor state of the Argentinian economy, and the uncertainty around the ability of EdS to generate 
excess cash unless a further improved PPA is awarded, continue to cast a shadow over future performance. 

Against a background of political uncertainty, at the date of this report, it remains uncertain to what extent, if any, 
EdS will be granted further improvements over and above the general increase in spot rates awarded with effect 
from February 2021.  If there is no further improvement in the price EdS receives for the power it generates, it will 
have severe consequences for the ability of EdS to generate surplus cash. In case there are no such improvements 
EdS management has implemented a cost cutting programme and further cost reductions are planned to ensure 
immediate viability of the plant.  

________________  

Paul Shackleton 
Non-executive Director 
15 September 2021 

4 

 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Strategy 

The overall strategy for the Group remains the continued stabilisation of the financial position of the Group, with 
the intention of enabling value to be realised from the asset portfolio and ultimately returned to shareholders. In 
order to make this possible the Directors succeeded in carrying out a capital reconstruction of the Company at the 
2020 AGM. 

Liquidity 

This strategy has been determined by the on-going financial position of the Group.  The main borrowing of the 
Group  was  the  2016  secured  BPAC  loan,  which  was  repaid  in  2019  enabling  the  associated  debenture  to  be 
released.  The Group has thus become debt-free. Current liabilities have fallen steadily from £2.0 million at 31 
December 2018 to £0.5 million at 31 December 2019 and £0.4 million at 31 December 2020 with all significant 
arrears to creditors being satisfied. 

The EdS plant, had significant operational problems resulting in severely reduced output in 2017 through to January 
2019.  The  plant  then  underwent  a  major  $6  million  maintenance  programme  primarily  funded  by  loans  from 
CAMMESA between October 2018 and January 2019. During that maintenance programme, the steam turbine 
was completely overhauled, the rotor and missing turbine blades were replaced, the steam turbine generator was 
overhauled and one of the gas turbines also underwent a rotor replacement and overhaul.  

The  material  loss  of  revenue  of  EdS  (and  consequent  intermittent  debt  repayments  to  Rurelec)  in  2018  major 
outages of the plant resulted in depleted cash reserves for EdS and Rurelec at the start of 2019.  These cash 
reserves recovered during 2019 and in 2020 up until the last Resolution 220 receipts in November 2020, as normal 
operations  resumed  despite  demand  for  the  power  generated  by  EdS  being  scaled  back  owing  to  the 
commissioning of wind farms in the Comodoro Rivadavia area of Patagonia in which came online in September 
2019. At 31 December 2020, EdS had £2.8 million of cash reserves (2019 £3.4 million).   

During  2020,  continued  normal  operations  and  cash  generation  at  EdS  enabled  it  to  remit  unsecured  debt 
repayments of £2.3 million/$3.0 million (2019: £0.6 million/$0.8 million) to Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”). Of 
this amount, Rurelec received £1.8 million (2019: £0.5 million) of debt repayments from PEL under the terms of the 
November 2019 Umbrella Agreement regulating the division of debt repayments to be made by PEL to its two joint 
venture (“JV”) partners.  

In  2020  all  Group  receipts  were  made  from  EdS  via  PEL  under  the  terms  of  the  November  2019  Umbrella 
Agreement  between  the  JV  parties  whereas  in  2019  the  Group  had  received  £1.7  million  directly  from  EdS  in 
repayment of secured and unsecured debts as well as £0.5 million of receipts via PEL   The total cash remittances 
by PEL in 2020 were £1.8 million (2019: £2.2 million). 

Since EdS has now repaid all debts owed directly to the Rurelec group companies, Rurelec’s liquidity is driven by 
the flow of receipts from PEL.  PEL’s liquidity is, in turn, determined by the ability of EdS to purchase US Dollars to 
repay the debts it owes to PEL or to pay dividends to PEL.  In September 2019 in an attempt to stabilise markets 
as it faced a deepening economic crisis, the Argentinian government imposed exchange rate controls as a result 
of which the timing and quantum of payments from EdS to PEL is heavily affected by the duration of exchange 
controls that firstly restrict the ability of EdS to transmit funds to PEL and secondly increase the money conversion 
cost of achieving those transfers. In 2021 the money conversion cost has reached approximately 43%.  Another 
adverse effect of the economic crisis has been a deterioration in collections from debtors by CAMMESA resulting 
in  delays  being  experienced  by  EdS  and  other  electricity  generators  in  Argentina  in  receiving  payments  from 
CAMMESA.  Both these factors, combined with the low spot prices combine to generate adverse and uncertain 
conditions surrounding the Group’s liquidity. 

Liquidity is also affected by the increased foreign exchange risk for the Group resulting from the policy change 
announcement by the Argentinian Government in response to the economic crisis that revenue deriving from the 
electricity generated by EdS from its steam turbine and sold on the energy spot market will no longer be linked to 
the US Dollar but to the Argentinian Peso. 

The Resolution 220/2007 Power Purchase Agreement (“PPA”), which governed the remuneration of capacity and 
generation payments on the steam turbine since October 2010 expired in September 2020, affecting the liquidity 
of EdS from December 2020.  The level of the replacement Resolution SE 440/2021 tariff (“Resolution 440”) tariff 
which came into effect from 1 February 2021 will have a significant effect on EdS’s cashflow generation from 2021 
onwards as those levels are significantly below those of Resolution 220. EdS’ management remains hopeful that 
an  additional  tariff  increase  will  be  awarded  to  EdS  owing  to  the  cost  of  producing  electricity  in  the  Comodoro 
Rivadavia area and because EdS is strategically important to the supply of electricity to its surrounding area.   

Post year end to date the Group has received £347k from PEL.  

5 

 
The Directors have performed a review of Rurelec’s cashflow, as described below in the Going Concern section of 
this report, following which it has been concluded that any ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to date has 
had little  adverse  effect on  the  Directors'  view  on  going concern  of the  Group  for  the  next  12  months  after the 
signing of this report.  However, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina are less clear in the future and 
the Directors cannot rule out liquidity issues impacting on the Group in future periods if Argentina loses control of 
the disease to the extent where it has a material impact on the operations of EdS or demands for electricity. This 
could lead to a position where EdS, on its own, would not be in a position to fund Rurelec ongoing expenses. 

Financial results 

The operating loss for the year of £2.9 million for 2020 represents a decrease in losses compared to the £3.1 million 
operating loss for 2019.  This is explained in more detail in Notes 8 and 9 to the accounts. Included in the loss is 
an impairment in the carrying value of Group assets of £1.8 million (2019: £2.0 million) coupled with administration 
expenses which fell from £1.2 million in 2019 to £1.1 million in 2020.   

The impairment is dominated by a reduction in the forecast net present value of the future cash generation of EdS 
which is used to support the value of the loan repayments receivable from PEL. This reduction in forecast cash 
generation is the result of revised assessments of the unfavourable cash generation resulting from tariffs to be 
imposed in  replacement  of  Resolution  220.  They  reflect  the  Board’s  view  of  the carrying  value  for  the  Group’s 
assets in current market conditions.  

The overall loss before tax for the year was £5.3 million (2019: £4.4 million). This was after a net finance expense 
of £2.0 million, due to slower projected PEL loan note repayments increasing the expected credit losses. There 
was a £0.8 million reduction in foreign exchange gains/losses from a £1.3 million loss in 2019 to a £0.5 million loss 
in 2020. 

Unless there is a significant disposal of assets, in the long term, the Group is dependent upon debt repayments 
from Argentina via PEL. There still exists some uncertainty as to the timing and the quantum of those receipts given 
exchange  rate  controls  and  other  austerity  measures  imposed  by  the  Argentinian  Secretariat  of  Energy  and 
CAMMESA in response to the Argentinian economic crisis.   

At the date of the signing of the Financial Statements, having considered the cash forecasts from the Argentinian 
operation and the received deposit and expected receipts from the sale of the Frame 6B gas turbine generating 
set  and  certain  associated  ancillary  equipment  in  Chile,  the  Directors  believe,  bearing  in  mind  the  reduced 
outgoings of the Group, there is currently sufficient headroom in existing working capital facilities to avoid the need 
to seek further sources of working capital. However these receipts are not guaranteed, If neither source of funds 
generates cash there exists a material uncertainty over the ability of the Company to finance its ongoing activities, 

Key performance indicators 

The Directors use a range of performance indicators to monitor progress in the delivery of the Group’s strategic 
objectives, to assess actual performance against targets and to aid management of the businesses. 

Rurelec’s  key  performance  indicators  (“KPIs”)  include  both  financial  and  non-financial  targets  which  are  set 
annually. 

Financial KPIs 

Financial KPIs address cashflow, operating profitability, net asset value and earnings per share. 

i) 

Cash Flows 

The Group is heavily focused on optimising cashflow generation. It regularly monitors actual and forecast 
Net  Cashflows  used  in  Operating  Activities,  Net  Cashflows  Generated  by  Investing  Activities 
(predominantly the repayment of loans from PEL) and Net Cash Used in Financing Activities (although 
those will in the foreseeable future be minimal as the Group has become debt-free).  The Net increase 
in Cash and Cash Equivalents in the year was £531k (2019: decrease £214k), a favourable swing of 
£745k. 

ii)  Operating profitability 

Operating loss excludes all non-operating costs, such as financing and tax expenses as well as one-off 
items  and non-trading  items.such  as  negative  goodwill.    The  exclusion  of  these  non-operating  items 
provides an indication of the performance of the underlying businesses.  The Group made an operating 
loss of £2.9 million in the year (2019 £3.1 million loss). 

6 

 
iii)  Net asset value 

Net asset value is calculated by dividing funds attributable to Rurelec’s shareholders by the number of 
shares in issue.  The net assets of the Group reduced in the year to 2.7 pence per share (2019: 3.7 
pence per share). 

iv)  Earnings per share 

Earnings per share provide a measure of the overall profitability of the Group. It is defined as the profit 
or loss attributable to each Ordinary Share based on the consolidated profit or loss for the year after 
deducting tax. Growth in earnings per share is indicative of the Group’s ability to identify and add value.  
The Group made a loss of 0.95 pence per share in the year (2019: loss of 0.79 pence per share). 

Non-Financial KPIs 

Non-financial KPIs address other important technical aspects of the business, such as gross capacity, operating 
efficiency and availability. 

i)  Gross capacity 

Gross  capacity  is  the  total  generation  capacity  owned  by  Group  companies  and  is  affected  by 
acquisitions, expansion programmes and disposals.  EdS in which the Group has a 50% interest has an 
installed  nominal  capacity  output  of  138  MW.    No  additional  capacity  was  added in the period.    The 
group continues to own three turbines ready for deployment in projects or onward sales.  Two of these 
have a nominal capacity of 125 MW, the other 38 MW. 

ii)  Operating efficiency 

Operating  efficiency  is  the  average  operating  efficiency  of  the  generating  plant  owned  by  Group 
companies. It can be improved through the installation of more thermally efficient turbines, refurbishment 
activities  or  through  conversion  to  combined  cycle  operation.  The  annual  heat  rate  was  8.46 
MMBTU/KWh (2019: 8.53 MMBTU/KWh). 

iii)  Technical availability 

Technical  availability  measures  when  a  plant  is  available  for  dispatch.  The  measurement  method 
excludes time allowed for planned maintenance activities which occur at regular intervals during the life 
of the unit plus an allowance for unplanned outages. Unplanned and forced outages in excess of the 
annual allowance will cause a reduction in the technical availability factor.  Average availability through 
the year for our plant in Argentina was 91.7 per cent. (2019: 89.0 per cent.).

7 

 
Review of Financial Performance 

Group Results 

The Group loss after tax for the financial year under review is £5.3 million (2019: £4.4 million loss).  This included 
net impairments of £1,8 million (2019: £2.0 million), net expected credit losses of £2.0 million and foreign exchange 
losses of £0.5 million (2019: £1.3 million losses).  The impairments/(impairment reversals)/Net Expected Credit 
Losses are detailed below: 

Impairments/(Impairment reversals)/Net Expected 
Credit Losses 
Investment in JV Companies 

Loans to JV Companies (see note 22) 

Net Expected Credit Losses 

Reversal of impairment of investment in SEA SA 

Impairment of turbines for Central Illapa 

Total 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

£’000 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

1,826 

- 

1,964 

- 

- 

3,790 

- 

235 

- 

(188) 

1,982 

2,029 

Group revenue was £nil (2019: £nil), Operating and Administrative expenses amounted to £1.1 million (2019: £1.2 
million).  Operating loss was £2.9 million (2019: £3.1 million loss).  The loss before tax is £5.3 million (2019: £4.4 
million loss). The basic loss per share is 0.95p (2019: 0.79p loss).  Total assets are £15.4 million (2019: £21.0 
million).  Total equity stands at £15.1 million (2019: £20.5 million), or a Net Asset Value of 2.7 pence per share 
(2019: 3.7 pence per share). 

The results for the operations in Argentina, and Chile are shown below. 

Energia del Sur S.A. Results 
After the application of Argentine GAAP accounting treatments to recognise the effects of hyperinflation, based on 
100%  of  EdS’s  activities,  the  net  operating  profit  for  the  year  was  £7,8  million/AR$  722.9  million  (2019:  £11,8 
million/AR$  702.7  million)  on  revenues  of  £16,7  million/AR$  1,540.2  million  (2019:  £22,6  million/AR$  1,350.8 
million), the net pre-tax profit for the year at EdS was £1,9 million/AR$ 174.8 million (2019: profit £3,8 million/AR$ 
224.8 million) which included foreign exchange losses of £2.6 million/AR$ 239.1 million (2019: £2.8 million/AR$ 
166.4 million). 

As set out in note 22 the Directors have determined that the relationship with EdS is a joint venture and is therefore 
equity accounted. 

Rurelec Chile 
The development of our 100% owned investments in Chile has expensed limited direct costs in the year of £164k 
(2019: £98k).  Capitalised development costs are £0.1 million (2019: £0.1 million) on the Central Illapa project. In 
2020 the Arica turbine was assessed for impairment, it was determined that no impairment had occurred (2019: 
£nil).  The development costs associated with the Central Illapa project were not impaired in 2020 or 2019.  As 
announced, post year end the Frame 6B gas turbine generating set and certain associated ancillary equipment 
was  sold  for  US$  1.0  million.  This  was  announced  on  9  September  2021,  a  non-refundable  deposit  of 
£73k/US$100k was received,. It is expected that the balance of US$ 0.9 million will  be received by 30 November 
2021.

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Review of Operations 

Argentina 
In 2020 the combined cycle power plant continued to benefit from the Major Maintenance programme that was 
undertaken from October 2018 to January 2019. The combined cycle plant maintained its nominal output of 125 
MW  and  there  were  no  major  operational  problems  or  unplanned  outages.  However,  there  were  transmission 
network restrictions associated with the growth in power generated by wind farms in the Comodoro Rivadavia area 
which  came  online  in  September  2019  and  increased  output  in  the  following  months  which  limited  the  plant’s 
dispatch  such  that  in  times  of  reduced  demand  from  the  network,  to  conserve  operating  cost  EdS  plant 
management have been running only one of the two available gas turbines.  Hence the gross energy generated 
for the year 2020 of 522 GWh was below that of 2019: 598 GWh. The average heat rate of the plant in 2020 was 
8.46 MMBTU/KWh (2019:8.53 MMBTU/KWh).  The average heat rate for the plant includes fuel consumption on 
both the gas turbines and auxiliary firing of the steam turbine. 

The following table sets out the Group’s 50 per cent. share of its interest in Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”) the 
BVI registered joint venture holding company of EdS, its 100 per cent. owned Argentinian operating subsidiary: 

Group share of Joint Venture results and net assets 

Results 

Revenue 

Operating Expenses - excluding foreign exchange losses 

Foreign exchange losses 

EBITDA 

Depreciation 

EBIT 

Intragroup interest - credit re write back of prior year charge 

Third party interest payable 

Profit before tax 

Tax 

Profit after tax 

Summary of Statement of Financial Position 

Non-current assets 

Cash 

Current trade and other receivables 

Non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Net assets/(liabilities) 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

£’000 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

8,357 

(4,464) 

(1,288) 

2,605 

(1,043) 

1,562 

2,578 

(634) 

3,506 

(829) 

2,677 

10,407 

1,418 

1,196 

(18,681) 

(2,060) 

(7,720) 

11,295 

(6,082) 

(1,391) 

3,822 

(1,198) 

2,624 

2,570 

(1,406) 

3,787 

(1,079) 

2,709 

15,889 

1,713 

4,907 

(25,785) 

(4,881) 

(8,157) 

Chile 

Arica 
Following the reassessment of the project the Board has been considering deploying the Frame 6B turbine acquired 
for the project elsewhere.  As separately announced on 9 September 2021 a sale of the turbine has been agreed 
for US$ 1.0 million approximately £ 0.72 million. A 10% non-refundable deposit of £73k/US$100k was received on 
9 September 2021 the balance is due on completion, expected 30 November 2021. 

Central Illapa 
The necessary environmental consents granted for the project were maintained and an application which had been 
made  in  2019  for  the  extension  of  the  construction  period  from  Ministerio  de  Bienes  Nacionales,  the  Chilean 
Ministry of National Assets was duly approved in January 2020.  

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  Group’s  carrying  value  for  projects  is  assessed  for  possible  impairments.  In  light  of  current  local  market 
conditions, in order for the project to be attractive to joint venture partners, the capital value of the 701 Siemens 
turbines going into the project has been assessed at US $9.4 million (2019:US $9.4 million). The Directors also 
obtained  an  independent  valuation  produced  by a competent  person.    Based on valuation  advice  the  Directors 
have decided not to further impair the carrying value of these turbines (2019: £2.0 million/$2.6 million impairment).  
After exchange rate movements these assets are duly recorded at a value of £6.9 million (2019: £7.2 million). 

Future developments have been considered in the non-executive Director’s statement. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are possible changes in demand and pricing for electricity in 
the markets in South America in which the Group operates, political risk, uncertainties in the financial markets, and 
unexpected operational events. 

a)  Political risk – there are significant political risks in the areas where the Group operates.  These include 
potential  for  unfriendly  actions  towards  foreign  investments  and  towards  the  domestic  utilities  sector 
generally, the imposition of new tariffs and/or taxes and/or government cash shortages resulting in slow 
payment  for  electricity  generated.    That  political  risk  also  extends  to  labour  laws  which  can  result  in 
significant employment-related cost inflation and punitive employment compensation legislation which can 
make it difficult and uneconomic to carry out staff restructuring programmes.    There is also the possibility 
that domestic economic instability could lead to political unrest or vice versa. These are significant risks 
to Rurelec which are inherent in operating in such territories 

b)  Financial markets – Should, after careful assessment, the Group wish to develop its assets, project finance 
may be unavailable in the markets in which the Group operates; the Group’s plans remain dependent on 
raising project finance from a combination of local partners and lending institutions.  

c)  Exposure to foreign currency – The Group’s activities are in South America and therefore results will be 
affected by exchange rate movements and local inflation rates.  Furthermore, at times of economic crisis 
(such  as in  Argentina  since late  2019),  exchange control  restrictions  have been  imposed and  may  be 
further tightened. These may have a significant impact on the Group’s ability to repatriate funds to the 
parent company, and introduce an additional cost of achieving that repatriation.  The Group seeks to limit 
these risks by raising funds in the currency of the operating units. 

d)  Efficient operation – The Group has an effective maintenance programme and is committed to maintaining 
the equipment in a manner appropriate to the foreseeable demands on that plant to reduce the breakdown 
risk as appropriate. 

e)  Liquidity – The Group needs to be in a position to meet its short-term cash requirements.  Please see 

Going Concern in the Directors Report and note 1b for further details. 

f)  Economic,  market  and  business  operations  risk  resulting  from  pandemics,  particularly  the  COVID-19 
pandemic.  In  March  2020,  the  World  Health  Organisation  declared  the  spread  of  COVID-19  to  be  a 
pandemic.    The  rapid  spread  of  the  virus  and  consequent  global  emergency  containment  measures 
resulted  in  business  closures,  travel  shutdowns  and  restrictions  that  have severely curtailed  economic 
activity and political and economic decision making.  The prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic 
has  had  a  severe  negative  impact  on  the  UK,  Argentinian  and  Chilean  economies  where  the  Group 
operates.    The  demand  for  electricity  has  experienced  some  decline  from  the  reduced  industrial  and 
commercial activity, but background demand has been maintained.  The greater risk has been the effect 
of the pandemic on already fragile economies such as that of Argentina and measures such as emergency 
labour laws and restrictions on profit returns from utility companies generally have been implemented to 
prevent social hardship with the expectation that business meets the burden of that implementation. 

To date, the pandemic did not have a significant impact on operations.  London head office operations of 
Rurelec were able to continue remotely without disruption.  All current Head Office records were digitised 
before the UK lockdown to allow for remote access and work has continued from employees’ homes.  In 
Argentina, the spread of the virus did affect the EdS workforce but measures taken by EdS’s management 
minimised disruption (such as operating with reduced on-site manpower for non-essential personnel) and 
this  has  mitigated  any  major  adverse  effect  on  EdS’s  operations  to  date.  The  EdS  plant  has  not 
experienced shutdowns and has continued to generate cash broadly in line with expectations. 

However, the ultimate duration and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and any subsequent pandemics 
remain uncertain.  Despite widespread global stimulus packages and efforts to control and eradicate the 
virus,  this  could  eventually  have  permanent  adverse  effects  on  the  growth  of  those  economies,  the 
demand for electricity, the ability to operate and the ability to obtain spare parts and engineering expertise 
in the event of maintenance or equipment breakdowns.  There are no guarantees there will not be yet 

10 

 
further  disruption  and  this  could  extend  to  an  inability  to  transfer  funds  out  of  the  country  for  debt 
repayments owed to the Group. Group cash flows have been prepared under the scenario that cash will 
be normally received under current conditions and local management’s expectations. 

Directors’ Section 172 Statement 

Statement by the directors in performance of their statutory duties in accordance with s172(1) 
Companies Act 2006. 

The Board of Directors of Rurelec Plc acknowledge that they have a statutory duty under s172 (1) (a-f) of the Act 
to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of the members as a whole considering broader stakeholder 
interests, and notably having regard to: 

a)  the likely consequence of any decision in the long term; 
b)  the interests of employees; 
c)  the need to foster business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; 
d)  the impact of operations on the community and the environment; 
e)  the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and  
f) 

the need to act fairly as between members of the Company 

We report below on how in the year ended 31 December 2020 the Board’s strategies, actions and key decision 
making took place observing these duties with the objective of delivering positive outcomes for the Company, its 
shareholders and its wider stakeholders the most relevant of which have been identified as including creditors, 
employees of the Company and of interests in foreign JV operations and those impacted by its operations in the 
wider community. 

a)  Regarding the likely consequences of long-term decision making, those decisions were made with clear 
strategic  focus  on  the  need  to  return  value  to  shareholders  and  the  need  to  continue  to  build  financial 
strength, thereby avoiding the near-insolvency event experience by the Company in the past.  That strategy 
drove cash conservation and cost cutting decisions so that the business could withstand financial stress.  
The Company was able to withstand those stresses in 2020.   

With  the  resilience  of  Rurelec  in  mind  the  Directors  invested  much  time  and  effort  into  achieving  an 
improvement  in  relations  with  its  JV  partner  in  Patagonia  Energy  Limited,  owner  of  the  Argentinian 
operations.  That culminated in the decision to formalise that improved relationship by signing the November 
2019  Umbrella  Agreement,  Revised  Shareholder  Agreement  and  Amended  Loan  Notes.    Inter  alia,  by 
waiving accrued interest (which had been fully provided), the subsequent alignment of interests paved the 
way  for  both  JV  parties  to  maximise  the  cashflow  of  the  Argentinian  operations  and  to  maximise  the 
submission of cash from EdS to the JV. 

b)  Our employees are fundamental to the delivery of our strategy. The Board has prioritised fair remuneration 
and pension arrangements for those employees and undertakes regular communication updates in an open 
environment.  Decisions taken to maximise the resilience of the business, preserving cash and minimising 
risk,  are  taken  after  prioritising  the  continued  employment  of  those  employee  roles  that  have  been 
instrumental  to  the  turnaround  of  the  business.    Rurelec’s  Directors  have  been  instrumental  in  using 
impending  retirements  and  encouraging  part-time  working  to  lower  the  future  costs  of  its  Argentinian 
operations.  

c)  Regarding the need to foster business relationships with suppliers, customers and others, Rurelec has for 
some time been keen to repay arrears to trade creditors who have supported the business over a significant 
timescale and to repay in full all secured creditors.  The Company has been freed from the interest burden 
that was being paid on past loans, thereby benefitting other stakeholders.  Rurelec is now essentially debt- 
free and, as operating circumstances allow, the Board’s stated objective of returning value to shareholders 
can be realised.  

d)  Regarding the impact of operations on the community and the environment, Rurelec takes a close interest 
in  the  operations  in  Argentina  and  was  instrumental  in  the  decision  to  perform  major  maintenance 
programmes  on  a  gas  turbine  and  on  the  steam  turbine  in  2019.  This  decision  involved  significant 
investment and was taken in the knowledge that, inter alia, the maintenance should extend the longevity of 
the turbines and provide safe, and environmentally compliant generation of electricity.  At the operations 
level, EdS has assumed sustainable development of its activity and in the region.  Its Environmental Policy 
is adapted to the nature, environment, scale and environmental impact of the activities and services of the 
plant.  It has implemented an Environmental Management System that has been certified by Bureau Veritas.  
This system has procedures, instructions, and records in accordance with the requirements of ISO 14.001: 

11 

 
  
 
2004,  whose  compliance  is  verified  through  periodic,  external  and  internal  audits  that  contribute  to  the 
continuous improvement of EdS. 

e)  Regarding the desirability of Rurelec maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct, the 
Board of Directors’ intention is ensure that the business operates and behaves in a responsible manner with 
high  standards  of  business  conduct  and  governance.    Regular  communication  amongst  the  Board  and 
employees and effective, formally recorded Board Meetings ensure such standards are maintained.  Where 
appropriate, independent legal advice is obtained to support the decision process. 

f)  Regarding the need to act fairly, as between members of the Company, all shareholders are welcome to 
express their views at the Annual General Meeting.  In December 2019, the Company took the decision to 
apply to shareholders and the law courts for a capital reconstruction in 2020.  This reconstruction was duly 
approved in 2020 to facilitate the distribution of future returns to shareholders should cash reserves grow to 
the extent of permitting this. 

The Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 15 September 2021 and was signed on its behalf 
by: 

_______________________ 

Andrew Coveney (Executive Director) 

12 

 
 
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS   

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

BRIAN ROWBOTHAM 
Non-Executive Director 
Brian was the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee.  He worked as a 
Chartered Accountant with Deloitte and Touche.  He has extensive experience working in the City of London, joined 
Teather and Greenwood in 1997 and was involved as partner and then Finance Director in the company’s flotation 
on AIM and subsequent move to the Official List.  He ran his own consultancy specialising in turnarounds and start-
ups  until  joining  Hitchens,  Harrison  &  Co  plc  in  January  2005.    He  left  Hitchens,  Harrison  &  Co  plc  after  its 
acquisition by Religare in 2008.  Brian is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.  
During the period he held a number of other board positions. 

Brian resigned on 13 April 2021. 

SIMON MORRIS 
Executive Director 
Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1980.  
After obtaining a degree in Business Studies, spent his career with Grant Thornton and became a partner in 1988.  
He specialised in corporate finance and corporate recovery, principally restructuring work.  He was appointed Chief 
Operating Officer of Grant Thornton UK in 2008, retiring in late 2011.  Since then, he has acted as a business 
consultant.  He is also an accredited mediator. 

Simon resigned on 17 August 2021. 

ANDY COVENEY 
Finance Director 
Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, qualified as Chartered Accountant in 1990.  After obtaining a 
degree in Geology from the University of Durham he joined Deloitte Haskins & Sells, in 1991 then specialising in 
Corporate Finance advisory work. In 1993, Andy embarked on a 15-year spell as FD/MD of several financial and 
operational turnarounds in the manufacturing and distribution sectors, starting with the acquisition and subsequent 
turnaround of CP Pharmaceuticals Limited, a loss-making division of Fisons plc before it was sold to Wockhardt 
Group a decade later.   Founded Coveney Associates Consulting in 2010 providing FD advice, turnaround services 
and cashflow management advice to a portfolio of businesses.  

PAUL SHACKLETON 
Non-Executive Director 
Paul is the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee.  He is a corporate 
finance adviser at Arden Partners PLC. After university, he spent six years as an officer in the British Army. In 1996 
he  joined  UBS  limited  where  he  worked  with  small  caps  covering  Mergers  and  Acquisitions  and  Equity  capital 
markets for listed and AIM traded companies. He subsequently joined Singer & Friedlander Limited where he was 
a founder member of the team which undertook a MBO to form Bridgewell Limited.  Since then, he has continued 
to specialise in small companies; his experience also includes being an adviser to Rurelec between 2006 and 2017. 

Paul was appointed on 26 July 2021.  

13 

 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The  Directors  submit  their  annual  report  together  with  the  audited  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2020. 

Principal activities 

The Company and the Group’s principal activity is the acquisition, development and operation of power generation 
assets in markets in Latin America. 

Since the Company’s admission to AIM in August 2004, the Company acquired assets in Argentina and Bolivia 
and commenced development of new power generation projects in Peru and Chile. The power generation projects 
in Peru were sold on 30 January 2018. 

Results and dividends 

The  Group  results  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  are  set  out  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Total 
Comprehensive Income. 

No dividend was paid during the year to 31 December 2020 (2019: nil). 

Share capital 

Details of the issued share capital are set out in Note16. 

Going concern 

The directors have prepared budgets and forecasts for a period of at least 12 months from the date of signing of 
the financial statements to assess the Group and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

On the basis that the Group receives the joint venture remittances referred to below, or the proceeds from the sale 
of the Frame 6B turbine (referred to below), the Directors have assessed that at the date of signing of the financial 
statements, the Group and Company would have sufficient working capital for a period of at least 12 months from 
the  signing  of  the  financial  statements,  without  the  need  to  seek  further  sources  of  working  capital  and  have 
therefore prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis. 

In November 2019, the signing of the Umbrella Agreement and Revised Shareholder Agreement with the JV partner 
has significantly improved the clarity of how the cash proceeds of the JV will be split between the parties. To date 
debt repayments of £2.3 million has been received from the JV in part payment of the Amended and Restated Loan 
Notes. The quantum and timing of such receipts may still be subject to variation (particularly as a result of Argentine 
exchange rate controls) and are not guaranteed or secured. Loan repayments already received, at the date of this 
report, along with projected rest of year repayments from the joint venture are expected to be sufficient to meet the 
working capital requirements for the Group. 

The sale of the Frame 6B turbine was announced on 9 September 2021 for $1.0 million. At the time of signing of 
the financial statements, $100k has been received, the balance is due on completion, expected to be before 30 
November 2021. 

Without either the remittances from its joint venture or funds to be received from the sale of its Frame 6B Turbine 
there is uncertainty on the availability of funds to cover the Group’s forecast expenditure during the going concern 
period. 

There exists uncertainty as to the timing of other asset sales, as certain negotiations regarding prospective asset 
sales  continue  to  be  on  hold  pending  an  improvement  in  the  economic  environment  following  the  COVID-19 
pandemic. Unless there is a significant disposal of assets, the Group remains reliant on either the repayments of 
loans from its joint venture Argentine operations or the proceeds from the sale of the Frame 6B turbine.  

Whilst it is the expectation of the Directors that forecast remittances from the joint venture will be received along 
with  the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  Frame  6B  turbine,  these  events  and  conditions  indicate  that  a  material 
uncertainty  exists  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group  and  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments or reclassification of assets and 
liabilities, which would be necessary if the Group and Company were unable to continue its operations 

14 

 
 
Directors 

The following Directors served during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements as follows: 

Brian Rowbotham – Non-Executive Director. Resigned on 13 April 2021. 
Simon C. Morris – Executive Director. Resigned on 17 August 2021. 
Andy H. Coveney – Executive Director 

Paul Shackleton was appointed as Non-Executive Director on 26 July 2021. He will stand for election at the 2021 
Annual General Meeting. 

Directors’ interests 

The Directors’ beneficial interests in the number of shares inf the Company were on the reference dates as stated 
below: 

Brian Rowbotham – resigned 13 April 2021 
Simon C. Morris – resigned 17 August 2021 

Andrew H. Coveney 

Paul Shackleton 

Directors’ Indemnity 

14.09.2021 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

- 

- 

- 

- 

450,000 

450,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  provide,  subject  to  the  provisions  of  UK  legislation,  an  indemnity  for 
Directors and officers of the Company in respect of liabilities they may incur in the discharge of their duties or in 
the exercise of their powers, including any liabilities relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against 
them which relate to anything done or omitted, or alleged to have been done or omitted, by them as officers or 
employees of the Company.  Appropriate directors’ and officers’ liability insurance cover is in place in respect of all 
the Directors. 

Significant shareholdings in the Company 

In addition to the shareholdings shown above, the Company is aware of the following interests of 3 per cent. or 
more  in  the  issued  ordinary  share  capital  of  the  Company  notifiable  at  14  September  2021,  being  the  last 
practicable date for reporting this information. 

Sterling Trust Ltd 

YF Finance Ltd 

Mr & Mrs Scott 

Number of shares 

% holding 

303,092,303 

96,565,166 

17,808,000 

53.989 

17.201 

3.172 

The percentages shown are based on 561,387,586 shares in issue. 

Risk management and objectives 

The financial risk management policies and objectives are set out in Note 24. 

Impact Assessments 

United Kingdom’s Exit from the European Union (Brexit) 

The UK left the European Union (“EU”) at 11.00 pm on 31 January 2020. The Transition period that was put in 
place – during which the UK was still subject to EU rules – ended on 31 December 2020.  The rules governing the 
new  relationship  between  the  EU  and  UK  took  effect  on  1  January  2021.  The  new  Trade  and  Cooperation 
Agreement and other agreements were reached between the UK and the EU on 24 December 2020 and were 
signed during the Transition period. They are in the process of being ratified. 

The  Group  has  very  limited  transactions  with  EU  members  and  those  are  limited  to  the  provision  of  services. 
Rurelec entity and the Group has only one supplier of services based in the EU.  Therefore, Brexit does not have 
a material impact on the Company. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) 

The  COVID-19  pandemic  spread  globally  in  the  first  Quarter  of  2020.  Widespread  measures  have  been 
implemented  globally  by  governments  to  control  the  virus  and  to  support  economies  in  the  markets  where  the 
Group operates. However, it is uncertain whether those measures will be successful in the long-term eradication 
of the virus or in achieving recovery in those economies and over what timescale.  The magnitude and duration of 
the disruption and decline in business in the markets in which the Group operates is currently uncertain. 

The Argentinian Government imposed a tight lockdown on 19 March 2020. Argentina’s Government, viewing EdS’s 
output as an essential service, issued instructions whereby the power plant should operate with the minimum staff, 
covering operational shifts and preventive cleaning work with specific teams. All but essential personnel have been 
working remotely and not been coming to the plant unless there is an equipment-related problem to address at the 
plant. A wide range of preventative measure were implemented to protect and safeguard staff. To date the COVID-
19 pandemic has had relatively little impact on the ability of EdS to continue in operation.  

Notwithstanding the above, it is not considered possible to estimate the long-term financial impact of COVID-19 on 
the  Argentinian  economy  at  the  present  time,  nor  to  anticipate  the  economic  and  fiscal  measures  that  the 
Argentinian Government will impose. The Group’s Head Office in London and the EdS head office in Buenos Aires 
have operated on a remote basis and the EdS plant in Argentina has implemented procedures and protocols to 
allow safe working practices as near to normal. Notwithstanding the above, it is not considered possible to estimate 
the long-term financial impact of COVID-19 on the Argentinian economy, nor what measures that government will 
impose in response.  

Statement of directors’ responsibilities 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Strategic  Report,  the  Directors’  Report, Annual  Report and the 
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
Directors have to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRSs”)  as  adopted  by  and  in  accordance  with  international  accounting  standards  in  conformity  with  the 
requirements of the Companies Act 2006 for reporting year ended 31 December 2020.  Under company law, the 
Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of 
the  state  of  affairs  and  profit  or  loss  of  the  Company  and  Group  for  that  period.  In  preparing  these  financial 
statements, the Directors are required to: 

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

•  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

• 

• 

state  whether applicable  IFRSs  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements; 

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company 
and  enable  them  to ensure  that  the  financial  statements comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.    They  are also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and Group, and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Website publication  

The Directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available on a 
website.  Financial statements are published on the Company’s website in accordance with legislation in the United 
Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in 
other jurisdictions.  The maintenance and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of the Directors.  
The Directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

Statement as to disclosure of information to auditor 

As far as the Directors are aware, they have each taken all necessary steps to make themselves aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

As far as the Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware. 

16 

 
This  confirmation  is  given  and  should  be  interpreted  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  418  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Auditor 

Pursuant to Section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, BDO LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office 
as auditor and a resolution to reappoint it will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

On behalf of the Board 

_________________ 

Maria J. Bravo Quiterio 
Company Secretary 
15 September 2021 

17 

 
 
 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Introduction 

Rurelec PLC applies the QCA Corporate Governance Code (the “QCA Code”) published in April 2018 and this 
Corporate Governance report for the year ended 31 December 2020 is based upon the Code. 

The principal means of communicating our application of the QCA Code are this Annual Report (pages 18-22) and 
our Corporate Governance section on our website (www.rurelec.com). 

This  report  sets  out  the  Group’s application  of  the  Code,  including  where  appropriate,  cross  reference  to  other 
sections of the Annual Report. 

Where our practices depart from the expectations of the Code, an explanation is given as to why, at this time, it is 
appropriate for the Group to depart from the Code. 

The  QCA  Code  is  constructed  around  ten  broad  principles  and  a  set  of  disclosures  which  notes  appropriate 
arrangements for growing companies and requires companies who have adopted the QCA Code to provide an 
explanation about how they are meeting those principles through the prescribed disclosures.  In the paragraphs 
below, Rurelec PLC explains how it has applied them. 

Principle 1. 

Establish a strategy and business model which promotes long-term value for shareholders. 

The Board is committed to strengthening the Group’s underlying financial position. The Board sets out to deliver 
long-term value to shareholders in the following ways: 

• 
• 

Stabilising the Group’s position by reducing cash outflows; 
Reducing the Company’s vulnerability to fluctuations in the timing of debt repayments receivable from 
subsidiaries and JVs; 

•  Working with joint venture partners to ensure that debts from those entities are repaid to the fullest extent 

• 

possible; 
Using that financial stability to permit an orderly realisation of assets and investments in a timescale that 
allows maximisation of the proceeds of such sales; 

•  Where asset  realisations are not  possible in  the short  term  due  to market conditions, preserving  the 

value of those assets and/or maximising the cashflow generated by those assets; 

The  execution  of  this  strategy  presents  key  challenges  in  the  maximisation  of  returns  on  assets  given  market 
conditions.  Those challenges are addressed by ensuring that the Company is stable enough to be able to avoid 
having  to  offload  such  assets  when  to  do  so  would  minimise  value,  instead  choosing  to  seek  opportunities  to 
maximise the long term returns that will optimise value for shareholders. 

The business model as to how the Company plans to make money for its investors revolves around maximising 
the long term collection of debts owed in connection with the JV formed to develop the EdS business in Argentina, 
whilst repaying Rurelec’s own creditors and continually assessing the value and saleability of its assets with a view 
to developing and/or realising those assets in such a way as to maximise the returns to all shareholders. 

Principle 2. 

Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations. 

The  Board  attaches  great  importance  to  providing  shareholders  with  clear  and  transparent  information  on  the 
Group's activities, strategy and financial position.  Details of all shareholder communications are provided on the 
Group's website. 

The Board regards the annual general meeting as a good opportunity to communicate directly with shareholders 
via  an  open  question  and  answer  session.  Covid-19  lockdown  restrictions,  and  related  social  distancing 
requirements impeded the ability of shareholders to communicate with the Board members in person at shareholder 
meetings  during  2020.  The  Board  looks  forward  to  resuming  in  person  meetings  with  shareholders  in  the  post 
pandemic environment and will also be exploring other methods of shareholder engagement  

The Company lists contact details on its website and on all announcements released via RNS, should shareholders 
wish to communicate with the Board. 

The resolutions put to a vote at past AGMs can be found in www.rurelec.com/investors/circulars 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Board seeks to engage with all shareholders as and when relevant information needs to be disclosed.  The 
Board recognises that shareholders may have different time horizons for their shareholdings and is mindful of the 
need to consider the interests of shareholders as a whole in this regard. 

Shareholders  can  communicate  with  the  Company  through  the  email  address  in  its  website.  The  Board  is 
responsible  for  reviewing  all  communications  received  from  members  and  determining  the  most  appropriate 
response. 

Principle 3. 

Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for 
long-term success. 

The  contraction  of  the  Group  and  the  focus  on  stabilisation  of  the  financial  position  of  the  business  has  led  to 
frequent  communication  at  Board  level  and  regular  communication  with  suppliers/funders  to  maintain  their 
confidence in the business model and strategy being pursued by the Board. The long-term success of the Group 
relies on maintaining open communication and good relationships with its stakeholders. 

Communication also extends to the Board receiving regular updates and feedback within the small London-based 
workforce in the Company and there are also regular communications with the directors of the Group’s joint venture 
partner in the British Virgin Islands. The Group’s main trading asset is the joint venture operation in Argentina. This 
operation is run by a full-time local management team that maintains good relations with all key stakeholders to 
the business in Argentina. 

When permitted, the Executive Directors travel regularly to Argentina and they meet key stakeholders in person. 
This year due to COVID-19 restrictions such visits to Argentina have not taken place. 

Principle 4. 

Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout 
the organisation 

Given past changes in the Company’s financial position, the Board considers risk management to be of paramount 
importance  and  this  has  driven  its  strategy  of  pursuing  financial  stability  rather  than  expansion  in  order  that 
shareholder value can be maximised through an orderly realisation of the Group’s assets.  The risk position of the 
Group is considered on a regular basis by the Board given the cash constraints that the Group has had to work 
within.  The feedback on its strategy of pursuing a low-risk approach is received clearly in terms of reductions in 
cash outflow as measured by weekly reviews of cash forecasting models, and in terms of reduced exposure to 
fluctuations in cash inflow. 

Although the Company does not undertake specific risk assessments, the Board as a whole undertakes regular 
views of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group as reported in page 10 of the Strategic Report.  The 
Company is in the process of implementing a risk register which should be under the Audit Committee reporting to 
be compliant with the QCA Code. 

Principle 5.  Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair. 

Due  to  the  size  of  the  company,  the  Board  believes  that  it  can  collectively,  and  competently  execute  a  clear 
leadership function without the appointment of a Chairman. 

The Board takes collective responsibility for the quality of, and approach to corporate governance by the Company, 
governance and the systems and procedures by which the Company is directed and controlled. A prescribed set 
of  rules  does  not  itself  determine  good  governance  or  stewardship  of  a  company  and,  in  fulfilling  their 
responsibilities, the Directors believe that they govern the Company in the best interests of the shareholders, whilst 
having due regard to the interests of other 'stakeholders' in the Group including, in particular, customers, employees 
and creditors. 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  running  the  Company,  including  all  major  business  and  financial  risks  and  taking 
strategic decisions. 

The Directors communicate at least weekly on significant matters, in particular on matters affecting cashflow and 
on matters concerning the joint venture in Argentina. 

Brian Rowbotham was considered to be independent since his appointment in October 2013 until his resignation 
in April 2021.  The board evaluated the independence requirements of the QCA Code and considered that Brian 
Rowbotham was independent during the period. Paul Shackleton was appointed in July 2021 and is considered to 
be independent by the board. 

The  number  of  times  the  Board  met  during the year  to 31 December 2020  was 15.   All serving directors  were 
present at all the Board meetings. 

The three principal standing committees of the Board are the Audit, Nominations and Remuneration Committees. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Audit, Remuneration and Nominations Committees 

In accordance with the terms of reference for these committees and under the QCA Code, these committees should 
be made up only of Independent Non-Executive Directors.  As Paul Shackleton is the Company’s only Independent 
Non-Executive Director, matters normally reserved for these committees are currently considered by the whole 
board.  The business of the board committees will resume when further appropriate appointments are made to the 
board. 

The  executive  directors  are  part  time  directors  of  the  Company  although  all  directors  are  expected  to  commit 
sufficient time to the Company in addition to attending the Board meetings. 

The Board minutes and papers are circulated to directors in good time and ahead of the relevant Board meeting. 

The Board has established audit, remuneration and nominations committees which meet regularly.  Details of the 
Audit, Remuneration and Nominations Committees for the period: 

Director 

Date of 
Appointment 

Date of 
Resignation 

Role at 
31 December 2020 

Date of 
(re-) 
appointment 

Board 
Committee 

Brian Rowbotham 

16.10.2013 

13.04.2021  Senior Independent 
Non-Executive 

27.06.2018  N 

R 

A 

Simon C. Morris 

19.07.2015 

17.08.2021 

Executive Director 

30.06.2020 

Executive Director

27.06.2019 

-

-

- 

- 

A 

- 

A 

-

-  N 

R 

Andrew H. Coveney 

16.11.2016 

Paul R.A. Shackleton 

26.07.2021 

-

-

N = Nomination Committee 
R = Remuneration Committee 
A = Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee met 3 times during the year to 31 December 2020. All the committee members were present 
at the meetings. 

Due to the size of the Company, the Board has not and does not comply with the principle that the Board and Audit 
Committee should  at  least  have  two  independent  directors.    Given  the  current  level  of  transactions  within  the 
Company, the Board considers that adequate resources are available at Board level, although a further executive 
director is currently being sought. 

Principle 6. 

Ensure that between them, the directors have the necessary up to date experience, skills 
and capability 

The  Company  has  two  directors,  Paul  Shackleton,  Senior  Independent  Non-Executive  Director  and  Andrew 
Coveney,  Executive  Director.  Biographical  details  of  the  Directors  can  be  obtained  in  www.rurelec.com/
about-us/biographies 

As  the  financial  position  of  the  Group  evolved,  so  have  the  skills  required  of  its  directors.    The  current 
directors  have  been  chosen  for  their  skills  in  maintaining,  preserving  and  realising  shareholder  value  by 
pursuing  financial  stability  rather  than  by  pursuing  the  aggressive  expansion  of  the  past.    The  Executive 
Directors  serving  during  the  period,  have  a  wealth  of  experience  of  dealing  with  the  consequence  of 
deterioration in the financial positions of businesses and in implementing the change necessary to restore such 
businesses back to stability.  Those skills have been honed within financial and restructuring backgrounds.   It 
is  important  that  the  directors  are  seen  to  be  professional,  reliable,  trustworthy  and  represent  a  safe  pair  of 
hands.   

The directors keep their skills up to date by attending regular professional briefings From the Nominated 
Adviser and lawyers covering regulations that are relevant to their role as directors of an AIM-quoted Company. 

The  Board  is  grateful  for  the  regular,  thorough  and  diligent  input  of  a  qualified  professional  Company 
Secretary.    As  such  the  Company  Secretary  provides  frequent  advice  to  the  Board.  On  legal  matters,  the 
Company Secretary is supported by the Company’s solicitors.  The Independent Non-Executive Director provides 
guidance and support on relevant matters on a regular basis. 

Principle 7. 
continuous 

Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking 

improvement. 

The  Board  evaluates  its  own performance  on  a monthly  basis  and  also  regularly considers  any  feedback 
from  external parties as and when that feedback is received. 

20 

Board performance is evaluated in the light of its own strategic objectives and tactical plans, in particular in relation 
to cash management and other financial forecasts.  Any Board appointments are considered closely in relation to 
the ability of the proposed Director to make an active contribution to delivering value to shareholders through the 
achievement of the strategies and plans balanced against the cost of such an appointment. 

The Company has not previously engaged any external evaluation for the performance of the Board members or 
external advisors for succession planning. Candidates to the Board have been proposed by the Board members 
based on their skills and experience and the requirements of the Company at the time of the appointment. 

There are currently no formal evaluations of the Board. 

Principle 8. 

Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours. 

The  Group’s  corporate  culture  is  based  on  creating  an  atmosphere  of  trust,  openness,  communication  and 
professionalism. Due to the size of the Company, the Board is in very close contact with all employees and is able 
to engender an ethical, professional and effective environment in its day to day and strategic activities. 

The  Company  has  currently  5  employees  (including  the  directors).  The  Board  seeks  to  ensure  that  all  of  its 
employees are aware of its ethical values communicating on a personal basis with its employees and encourages 
the adoption of these values through the appraisal and recruitment process. 

Principle 9.  Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good 

decision making by the Board. 

In addition to the high level of explanation of the application of the QCA Code set out in the corporate governance 
statement: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 

o 

o 

The  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for  approving  Company  policy  and  strategy.    The  Board  meets 
regularly throughout the year.  To enable the Board to perform its duties, each director has access to advice 
from the Company Secretary and independent professionals at the Company's expense. 
The  Board currently  comprises  an  Executive  Director and  a  Non-Executive  Director,  a  further  Executive 
Director is being sought. 
Biographical  details  of  the  Board  of  Directors  can  be  obtained  in  www.rurelec.com/about-us/board-of-
directors-and-senior-management.    
All matters are reserved for the Board although the Board has chosen to delegate some of them to the Audit, 
Remuneration and Nominations Committees which will issue advice to the Board on those matters.  Some 
of the matters reserved for the Board include: 
o 

Reviewing,  approving  and  guiding  group  strategy,  annual  budgets  and  business  plans;  setting 
performance objectives; monitoring and implementing corporate performance; and overseeing major 
capital expenditures and disposals; 
Monitoring  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  governance  arrangements  and  practices,  making 
changes  as  needed  to  ensure  the  Company’s  governance  framework  complies  with  current  best 
practices in accordance with the size of the Company; 
Monitoring  and  managing  potential  conflicts  of  interest  that  may  arise  with  Board  members, 
shareholders and external advisers; 
Overseeing the process of external disclosure and communications.  

o 
The Board is also responsible for all other matters which are considered to be of importance to the Group 
as a whole because of strategic, financial or reputational implications or consequences. 
The Board has established audit, remuneration and nominations committees however owing to the size of 
the board at the current time, all matters are dealt with by the board.  Details of these committees are set 
out in Principle 5 above.  
The Board has not used external consultants in the appointment of Directors.  
All  Directors  are  subject  to  re-election  by  shareholders  in  accordance  with  the  Company's  Articles  of 
Association. 
There are no plans to change the current governance framework.  
The role of the Chair, which is currently undertaken by the Independent Non-Executive Director includes:  
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 

to take the chair at general meetings and Board meetings; 
providing leadership to the Board; 
ensuring proper information for the Board; 
planning and conducting Board meetings effectively; 
getting all directors involved in the Board’s work; 
ensuring the Board focuses on its key tasks 
determination of the order of the agenda; 
ensuring that the Board receives accurate, timely and clear information; 
keeping  track  of  the  contribution  of  individual  directors  and  ensuring  that  they  are  all  involved  in 
discussions and decision-making; 
to ensure effective communication with shareholders and, where appropriate, the stakeholders. 

o 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principle 10.  Communicate how the Company is governed and is performing by maintaining a dialogue 

Disclosure of the outcomes of all votes are in www.rurelec.com/investors/proxy-results  

Historical annual reports and other governance-related material, including notices of all general meetings over the 
last five years can be obtained in www.rurelec.com/investors/circulars  

Further disclosure required under QCA Principle 10 can be found in Principles 5 and 9 above. 

------------------------ 
Maria J. Bravo Quiterio 
Company Secretary 
15 September 2021 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditor’s report to the members of Rurelec Plc  

Opinion on the financial statements 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2020 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; 
the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the  Companies Act 2006 and as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006. 

We have audited the financial statements of Rurelec Plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) 
for the year ended 31 December 2020 which comprise consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement 
of  comprehensive  income,  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position,  the company  statement of  financial 
position,  the  consolidated  statement  of  cash  flows,  the  company  statement  of  cash  flows,  the  consolidated 
statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, 
including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in 
their preparation is applicable law and international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of 
the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with 
the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Independence 

We remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that 
are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to 
listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.  

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to Note 1 of the financial statements concerning the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern. The Group continues to make a loss, with the only operational part of the business 
being its investment in a joint venture, which is now starting to make profits and repay its loans to Rurelec. To 
continue as a going concern, the Group is reliant on either further remittances from its joint venture or funds to be 
received from the sale of its Frame 6B Turbine which was announced on the 9 September 2021 (as detailed in 
note 28 in the financial statements). Without either of these there is a shortfall in the availability of funds to cover 
the Group’s forecast expenditure during the going concern period. These matters, along with the other the other 
matters explained in Note 1, indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt over 
the Group and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of 
this matter. 

We consider this area to be a key audit matter.  

Our evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Group and the Parent Company’s ability to continue to adopt 
the going concern basis of accounting and in response to the key audit matter included: 

•  Reviewing budget and cash flow forecasts for at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial 

statements 

•  Obtaining support for the Directors’ assumptions used in the forecast and assessing clerical accuracy 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Reviewing stress tests on the forecasts based on receiving no further loan repayments from Energía del Sur 
S.A or receipts under the Equipment Sale Agreement of the Frame 6B Turbine. Under each of the stress test 
scenarios, the Group has sufficient cash during the going concern period, but in the event of both situations 
occurring there is a cash shortfall in the going concern period. 

•  Confirming the actual cash repayments of the loan from the joint venture for the months post year end 
•  Reviewing board minutes during the year and post year end to indicate any other issues that may indicate 

inability of the Group to continue as a going concern  

•  Reviewing the Equipment Sale Agreement of the Frame 6B Turbine, announced on 9 September 2021 to 

confirm sale value, validity and any conditions precedent  

•  Reviewing the going concern assessment of Energía del Sur S.A by review of forecasts 
•  Reviewing the impacts COVID-19 has had on Energía del Sur S.A, the Group and the Company. There was 

deemed to be limited impact of COVID-19 due to the nature of the Group’s operations 

Our  responsibilities  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  Directors  with  respect  to going  concern  are  described  in  the 
relevant sections of this report. 

Overview 

Coverage 

Key audit matters 

100% (2019: 100%) of Group loss before tax 
100% (2019: 100%) of Group total assets 

2020 
 

  

  

2019 
 

  

 

Valuation of 
turbine assets 

Going Concern 

Valuation of 
investments and 
recoverability of 
intercompany loan, 
including loans to 
joint venture 

Materiality 

Group financial statements as a whole 

£451,000 (2019:£615,000) based on 3% (2019: 3%) of Net Assets 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including the Group’s 
system of internal control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements.  We also 
addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including assessing whether there was evidence 
of bias by the Directors that may have represented a risk of material misstatement. 

The Group operates through the parent company, a subsidiary undertaking registered in the UK and a joint venture 
undertaking  registered  in  the British  Virgin  Islands  which  were  considered  to be  significant  components  for  the 
purposes  of  the  audit  as  well  as  a  number  of  non-trading  subsidiary  undertakings.  In  establishing  our  overall 
approach  to  the  Group  audit,  we  determined  the  type  of  work  that  needed  to  be  performed  in  respect  of  each 
component. This consisted of us carrying out a full audit of the UK significant components of the Group and utilising 
non-BDO  component  auditors  for  the  audit  of  the  joint  venture  and  specific  procedures  on  the  remaining 
components.  

We directed our work toward areas of the financial statements which we assessed as having the highest risk of 
containing  material  misstatements,  and  tested  and  examined  information  using  both  analytical  procedures  and 
tests  of  detail,  to  the  extent  necessary  to  provide  us  with  a  reasonable  basis  to  draw  conclusions.  These 
procedures,  together  with  our  detailed  review  of  procedures  performed  by  component  auditors,  gave  us  the 
evidence that we need for our opinion on the financial statements as a whole.  

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Group audit team was actively involved in the direction of the audits and specific audit procedures performed 
by the component auditors along with the consideration of findings and determination of conclusions drawn. As 
part of our audit strategy, we issued group audit engagement instructions and directed the component materiality. 
We  discussed  the  instructions  with  component  auditors.  We  took  part  in  planning  and  closing  meetings  with 
component auditors to discuss the results. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of 
the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

In addition to the matter described in the material uncertainty related to going concern section, we have determined 
the matters below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report. 

Key audit matter  

Valuation 
of 
turbine  assets 
(Note 12) 
Accounting 
policy 2.8 

The Group holds two Siemens 701 
turbines which have been partially 
impaired. At the year end the Directors 
obtained independent valuations to 
confirm that the assets were not 
overstated in the financial statements and 
to assess the carrying value.  

Management’s assessment of the 
valuations contain significant estimation 
and judgement. Given the subjectivity 
involved, the carrying value of turbine 
assets are considered to represent a key 
audit matter. 

Valuation of  
investment 
and 
recoverability 
of 
intercompany 
loans, 
including 
loans to joint 
venture (Note 
13 & 21) 
Accounting 
policy 2.11 

The repayment of these loans and the 
recoverability of the investment is 
dependent on the economic feasibility of 
the underlying operations within the 
Group. The recoverability of these loans 
is judgemental and hence there is a risk  
that the loans are overstated.  

The investment value of the joint venture, 
the loans to the joint venture and the 
intercompany loans due to the Parent 
Company were reviewed by the Directors 
and it was deemed that an impairment 
was required to the joint venture 
investment balance and an expected 
credit loss was applied to the loan 
receivable from the joint venture based on 
the cash flow models in respect of the 
joint venture 

Management’s assessment of the 
valuation of investments and inter-

How  the  scope  of  our  audit  addressed  the 
key audit matter 
In this area our procedures included: 
•  Verifying the existence of the assets, their 

storage and condition; 

•  Reviewing the valuation report prepared 
by an independent expert, confirming the 
expert’s independence, assessing the 
conclusions reached and the underlying 
assumptions used and the competency 
and qualifications of the expert; 

•  Reviewing the independent valuations to 
ensure  that the value of the assets is 
recoverable  through sale;  

•  Reviewing insurance documentation and 

storage/maintenance documentation to 
assess the risk of further impairment; and 
•  Reviewing the signed sale agreement for 
the Frame 6B turbine, including the sales 
price, which was higher than  carrying 
value at year end.  

Key Observations 

Our work did not indicate that financial 
statement valuations of the turbine assets 
were not appropriate 
In this area our procedures included: 
•  Obtaining loan confirmations of balances 

and any interest accrued;  

•  Reviewing the going concern assessment 

of Energía del Sur S.A.; and 

•  Assessing recoverability of the loans and 
investment through review of the inputs, 
assumptions and outputs of the financial 
projections model, and net asset positions 
of subsidiaries and the joint venture. 

Key Observations 

Our work did not indicate that management’s 
assessment of the valuation of investments 
and the recoverability of intercompany loans 
was not appropriate. 

25 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
company loans contain a number of key 
assumptions that require significant 
estimation and judgement. Given the 
subjectivity involved, the carrying value of 
investments and recoverability of loans is 
considered to represent a key audit 
matter. 

Our application of materiality 

We  apply  the  concept  of  materiality  both  in  planning  and  performing  our  audit,  and  in  evaluating  the  effect  of 
misstatements.  We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could 
influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements.  

In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use 
a  lower  materiality  level,  performance  materiality,  to  determine  the  extent  of  testing  needed.  Importantly, 
misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the 
nature  of  identified  misstatements,  and  the  particular  circumstances  of  their  occurrence,  when  evaluating  their 
effect on the financial statements as a whole.  

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  and 
performance materiality as follows: 

Group financial statements 

Parent company financial statements 

2020 
£ 
451,000 
3% of Net assets 

2019 
£ 
615,000 

2020 
£ 
442,000 
3% of Net assets 

2019 
£ 
520,000 

Group’s  activities  of  investing  in 
power  assets  are  focussed  on  the 
realisation of asset sales making the 
net assets basis most appropriate. 

Group’s activities of investing in power assets 
are focussed on the realisation of asset sales 
making the net assets basis most appropriate 

270,000 

369,000 

265,000 

312,000 

for 

60% of materiality based on consideration of factors including the level of historical 
errors and nature of activities. 

for 

Materiality 
Basis 
determining 
materiality 
Rationale 
benchmark applied 

for 

the 

Performance 
materiality 
Basis 
determining 
performance 
materiality 

Component materiality 

Component  materiality  ranged  from  £208,000  to  £3,000.  In  the  audit  of  each  component,  we  further  applied 
performance materiality levels of 60% of the component materiality to our testing to ensure that the risk of errors 
exceeding component materiality was appropriately mitigated. 

Reporting threshold   

We  agreed  with  the  Audit  Committee  that  we  would  report  to  them  all  individual  audit  differences  in  excess  of 
£9,000  (2019:£30,000).   We also  agreed  to  report  differences  below this  threshold that,  in  our  view,  warranted 
reporting on qualitative grounds. 

Other information 

The Directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included 
in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, 
we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information 
and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify 
such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives 
rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, 
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Other Companies Act 2006 reporting 

Based  on  the  responsibilities  described  below  and  our  work  performed  during  the  course  of  the  audit,  we  are 
required by the Companies Act 2006 and ISAs (UK) to report on certain opinions and matters as described below.   

Strategic report 
and Directors’ 
report  

Matters on 
which we are 
required to 
report by 
exception 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 
• 

the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors’ report for the financial 
year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial 
statements; and 
the Strategic report and the Directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with 
applicable legal requirements. 

• 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and Parent Company and its 
environment  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  we  have  not  identified  material 
misstatements in the strategic report or the Directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept  by  the  Parent  Company,  or 
returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited 
by us; or 
the  Parent  Company  financial  statements  are  not  in  agreement  with  the 
accounting records and returns; or 
certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

• 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of Directors 

As explained more fully in the Directors’ responsibilities statement, the Directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control 
as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and  the  Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or 
error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Extent to which the audit was capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 
in  line  with  our  responsibilities,  outlined  above,  to  detect  material  misstatements  in  respect  of  irregularities, 
including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed 
below: 

•  We gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Group and industry 
in which it operates, through discussion with management and the Audit Committee and our knowledge 
of  the  industry.  We  focussed  on  significant  laws  and  regulations  that  could  give  rise  to  a  material 
misstatement  in  the  financial  statements,  including,  but  not  limited  to  UK  Employment  Legislation, 
Companies Act 2006, Health and Safety Law, HMRC tax regulations and Argentinian legal compliance.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  We considered compliance with these laws and regulations through discussions with management, the 
company secretary and component auditors. Our procedures also included reviewing minutes from board 
meetings and inspecting invoices for legal fees incurred in the period.  

•  We assessed the susceptibility of the Group’s financial statements to material misstatements, including 
how  fraud  might  occur.  We  evaluated  management’s  controls  designed  to  prevent  and  detect 
irregularities. 

•  We performed a review of the Group’s year end adjusting entries and journals throughout the year and 
investigated  any  that  appeared  unusual  as  to  nature  or  amount.  In  addition  we  identified  and  tested 
journals with unusual account combinations, unusual posting dates and unusual descriptions.  

•  We identified areas at risk of management bias, particularly cashflow models to support loan valuations, 
and reviewed key estimates and judgements applied by Management in the financial statements to assess 
their appropriateness (as mentioned in the Key Audit Matters Section above). 

•  We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement 
team members and component auditors and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance 
with laws and regulations throughout the audit.  

Our  audit  procedures  were  designed  to  respond  to  risks  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements, 
recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting 
one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations 
or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-
compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the 
less likely we are to become aware of it. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  is  available  on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s  website  at: 
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 
of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Parent Company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the 
fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company 
and the Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have 
formed. 

Laura Pingree (Senior Statutory Auditor) 

For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor 

London, UK  

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Revenue 

Gross Profit 

Administrative Expenses 

Other Income 

Impairment Charges 

Operating Loss 

Share of Joint Venture Profit/(Loss) 

Foreign Exchange (Losses) 

Finance Income 

Finance Expense 

Loss before Tax 

Tax Expense 

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the Company 

Earnings per Share – in pence 

Basic Loss per Share 

Diluted Loss per Share 

Notes 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

4 

6 

8b 

8b 

21,22 

8a 

9 

9 

10 

11 

- 

- 

(1,110) 

22 

(1,826) 

(2,914) 

- 

(456) 

819 

(2,783) 

(5,334) 

- 

(5,334) 

- 

- 

(1,168) 

130 

(2,029) 

(3,067) 

- 

(1,287) 

6 

(70) 

(4,418) 

- 

(4,418) 

(0.95) 

(0.95) 

(0.79) 

(0.79) 

The Notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

Loss for the year 

(5,334) 

(4,418) 

Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for the year: 

Items that will be subsequently Reclassified to Profit & Loss: 

Exchange Differences on Translation of Foreign Operations 

Total Other Comprehensive Income 

(130) 

(130) 

136 

136 

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the Company 

(5,464) 

(4,282) 

The Notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

At 31 December 2020 

Assets 

Non-current Assets 

Property, Plant and Equipment 

Investment in Joint Venture 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Current Assets 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

Notes 

£’000 

£’000 

12 

21,22 

13a 

13b 

15 

7,371 

1,648 

4,586 

13,605 

1,142 

668 

1,810 

7,685 

3,474 

6,423 

17,582 

3,272 

137 

3,409 

Total Assets 

15,415 

20,991 

Equity and Liabilities 

Shareholders’ Equity 

Share Capital 

Share Premium Account 

Foreign Currency Reserve 

Special Non-distributable Reserve 

Retained Earnings/Losses 

Total Equity attributable to owners of the Company 

Current Liabilities 

Trade and Other Payables 

Current Tax Liabilities 

Borrowings 

Total Liabilities 

16 

17 

17 

18a 

19 

20 

5,614 

- 

793 

- 

8,648 

15,055 

353 

7 

- 

360 

11,228 

22,754 

923 

45,000 

(59,385) 

20,520 

465 

6 

- 

471 

Total Equity and Liabilities 

15,415 

20,991 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 15 September 2021 and were signed on its 
behalf by Andrew Coveney and Paul Shackleton. 

______________  

Andrew Coveney   

___________________ 

Paul Shackleton 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

COMPANY NUMBER: 4812855 

At 31 December 2020 

Assets 

Non-current Assets 

Investment in Joint Venture 
Trade and Other Receivables 

Current Assets 

Inventories 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Total Assets 

Equity and Liabilities 

Shareholders’ Equity 

Share Capital 

Share Premium Account 

Special Non-distributable Reserve 

Retained Earnings/Losses 

Total Equity  

Current Liabilities 

Trade and Other Payables 

Current Tax Liabilities 

Borrowings 

Notes 

21,22 
13 

14 

13a 

15 

16 

17 

17 

18b 

19 

20 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

1,648 

4,586 

6,234 

6,923 

1,397 

667 

8,987 

3,474 

6,423 

9,897 

7,167 

3,593 

137 

10,897 

15,221 

20,794 

5,614 

- 

- 

9,153 

14,767 

447 

7 

- 

454 

11,228 

22,754 

45,000 

(58,747) 

20,235 

554 

5 

- 

559 

Total Equity and Liabilities 

15,221 

20,794 

As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own profit and loss account and 
related notes. The Company’s loss for the year was £5.5 million (2019: loss £4.5 million). 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 15 September 2021 and were signed on its 
behalf by Andrew Coveney and Paul Shackleton. 

______________  

Andrew Coveney   

___________________ 

Paul Shackleton 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

Cash used in Operations 

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 

Proceeds from Sale of Subsidiary 

Loan Repayments from Joint Venture Company 

Net Cash generated from Investing Activities 

Notes 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

23 

(1,273) 

(1,273) 

(1,260) 

(1,260) 

- 

1,804 

1,804 

60 

2,246 

2,306 

Net Cash Inflow before Financing Activities 

531 

1,046 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 

Loan Principal Repayments 

Loan Interest Repayments 

Net Cash used in Financing Activities  

20 

20 

Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Start of the year 

- 

- 

- 

531 

137 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the year 

                    668 

(1,200) 

(60) 

(1,260) 

(214) 

351 

137 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities 

Cash used in Operations 

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities 

Proceeds from Sale of Subsidiary 

Investment in and Loans to Subsidiaries 

Loan repayments from Subsidiaries 

Loan Repayments from Joint Venture Company 

Net Cash generated from Investing Activities 

Notes 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

23 

(1,110) 

(1,110) 

(1,161) 

(1,161) 

- 

(164) 

- 

1,804 

1,640 

60 

(98) 

1,235 

1,011 

2,208 

Net Cash Inflow before Financing Activities 

530 

1,047 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities 

Loan Principal Repayments 

Loan Interest Repayments 

Net Cash used in Financing Activities  

20 

20 

Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Start of the year 

Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of the year 

- 

- 

- 

530 

137 

667 

(1,200) 

(60) 

(1,260) 

(213) 

350 

137 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

£’000 

£’000 

Foreign 
Currency 
Reserve 
£’000 

Retained 
Losses/Earni
ngs 
£’000 

Special Non-
distributable 
Reserve 
£’000 

Total 

£’000 

Balance at 01.01.2019 
Loss for the year attributable to  
owners of the parent 
Exchange Differences 

Total Comprehensive Loss 

Balance at 31.12.2019 
Transactions with owners 
Transfer of Special non-
distributable reserve 
Capital reduction – Share 
Premium 
Capital reduction – Share Capital 
Total transactions with owners 
Loss for the year attributable to   
owners of the parent 
Exchange Differences 
Total Comprehensive Loss 

11,228 

22,754 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

11,228 

22,754 

- 

- 

(5,614) 
(5,614) 

- 

(22,754) 

- 
(22,754) 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

787 

- 
136 

136 

923 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
(130) 
(130) 

Balance at 31.12.2020 

5,614 

793 

8,648 

Notes: 

16 

17 

(54,968) 

45,000 

24,801 

(4,418) 
- 

(4,418) 

- 
- 

- 

(4,418) 
136 
(4,282) 

(59,386) 

45,000 

20,519 

45,000 

(45,000) 

22,754 

5,614 
73,368 

(5,334) 
- 
(5,334) 

- 

- 
(45,000) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

17 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

- 

- 

- 
- 

(5,334) 
(130) 
(5,464) 

15,055 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Accumulated 
Losses 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Special Non-
distributable 
Reserve 
£’000 

Balance at 01.01.2019 
Loss for the year  

Total Comprehensive Loss 

11,228 
- 

- 

22,754 
- 

- 

(54,239) 
(4,508) 

(4,508) 

45,000 
- 

- 

Total 

£’000 

24,743 
(4,508) 
(4,508) 

Balance at 31.12.2019 
Transactions with owners 
Transfer of Special non-
distributable reserve 

Capital reduction – Share 
Premium 

Capital reduction – Share 
Capital 

Total transactions with 
owners 
Loss for the year  
Total Comprehensive Loss 

11,228 

22,754 

(58,747) 

45,000 

20,235 

- 

45,000 

(45,000) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(22,754) 

22,754 

(5,614) 

- 

5,614 

(5,614) 

(22,754) 

73,368 

(5,468) 

(5,468) 

9,153 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(5,468) 
(5,468) 

14,767 

- 

- 

(45,000) 

- 

- 

- 

17 

Balance at 31.12.2020 

5,614 

Notes: 

16 

17 

The notes on pages 37 to 61 form an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

for the year ended 31 December 2020 

1.  GENERAL INFORMATION, BASIS OF PREPARATION AND NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 

1a.   General information 

Rurelec PLC is the Group’s ultimate parent company.  It is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales.  
The address of Rurelec’s registered office is given on the information page.  Rurelec’s shares are traded on 
the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange PLC. 

The  nature  of  the  Group’s  operations  and  its  principal  activities  are  the  generation  of  electricity  in  South 
America. 

1b.  Basis of preparation 

The Company and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRSs”)  and  in  accordance  with  international  accounting  standards  in 
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 for reporting year ended 31 December 2020. 

Basis of measurement 
The presentational currency of the Group is Pounds Sterling.  The functional currencies of Group entities are 
Pounds Sterling, Argentinian Pesos, Chilean Pesos and United States Dollars.  

Going Concern 

The directors have prepared budgets and forecasts for a period of at least 12 months from the date of signing 
of the financial statements to assess the Group and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

On the basis that the Group receives the joint venture remittances referred to below, or the proceeds from 
the sale of the Frame 6B turbine (referred to below), the Directors have assessed that at the date of signing 
of the financial statements, the Group and Company would have sufficient working capital for a period of at 
least  12  months  from  the  signing  of  the  financial  statements,  without  the  need  to  seek  further  sources  of 
working capital and have therefore prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis. 

In November 2019, the signing of the Umbrella Agreement and Revised Shareholder Agreement with the JV 
partner has significantly improved the clarity of how the cash proceeds of the JV will be split between the 
parties.  To  date  debt  repayments  of  £2.3  million  has  been  received  from  the  JV  in  part  payment  of  the 
Amended and Restated Loan Notes. The quantum and timing of such receipts may still be subject to variation 
(particularly  as  a  result  of  Argentine  exchange  rate  controls)  and  are  not  guaranteed  or  secured.  Loan 
repayments already received, at the date of this report, along with projected rest of year repayments from the 
joint venture are expected to be sufficient to meet the working capital requirements for the Group. 

The sale of the Frame 6B turbine was announced on 9 September 2021 for $1.0 million. At the time of signing 
of the financial statements, $100k has been received, the balance is due on completion, expected to be before 
30 November 2021. 

Without either the remittances from its joint venture or funds to be received from the sale of its Frame 6B 
Turbine there is uncertainty on the availability of funds to cover the Group’s forecast expenditure during the 
going concern period. 

There exists uncertainty as to the timing of other asset sales, as certain negotiations regarding prospective 
asset  sales  continue  to  be  on  hold  pending  an  improvement  in  the  economic  environment  following  the 
COVID-19 pandemic. Unless there is a significant disposal of assets, the Group remains reliant on either the 
repayments of loans from its joint venture Argentine operations or the proceeds from the sale of the Frame 
6B turbine.  

Whilst it is the expectation of the Directors that forecast remittances from the joint venture will be received 
along with the proceeds from the sale of the Frame 6B turbine, these events and conditions indicate that a 
material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group and Company’s ability to continue as 
a going concern. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments or reclassification of 
assets  and  liabilities,  which  would  be  necessary  if  the  Group  and  Company  were  unable  to  continue  its 
operations.

37 

 
 
1c.  New accounting standards 

The Directors consider that no revisions to IFRS standards implemented in the year have had any significant 
effect on these statements. 

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

2.1  Basis of Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as 
at 31 December 2020.  Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from 
its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. 

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result in control.  To support this presumption 
and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers 
all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee. 

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when 
the Group loses control of the subsidiary.  Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired 
or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group 
gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. 

All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between 
members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation. 

A  joint  venture  is  a  joint  arrangement  whereby  the  Group  and  other  parties  that  have  joint  control  of  the 
arrangement  have  rights  to  the  net  assets  of  the  arrangement  (IFRS11).    Under  the  equity  method, 
investments in joint ventures are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost as adjusted 
for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of the net assets of the joint venture, less any impairment 
in the value of individual investments.  Losses of a joint venture in excess of the Group’s investment in that 
joint venture  are  not  recognised,  unless  the  Group  has  incurred  legal or  constructive obligations or  made 
payments on behalf of the joint venture. 

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, 
liabilities and contingent liabilities of the joint venture recognised at the date of acquisition is recognised as 
goodwill. 

The goodwill, if any is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is assessed annually for 
impairment as part of the investment.  Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable 
`assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  over  the  cost  of  acquisition,  after  reassessment,  is  recognised 
immediately as a profit or loss. 

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the 
Group’s interest in the joint venture.  Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides 
evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.  Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and 
subsidiary entities are eliminated.  Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiary and joint venture 
entities have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by 
the Group. 

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are dealt with by the acquisition method.  This method involves the recognition at 
fair value of all identifiable assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the acquired company, at 
the acquisition date, regardless of whether or not they were recorded in the financial statements of the entity 
prior to acquisition.  On initial recognition, the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are included in the 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  at  their  fair  values,  which  are  also  used  as  the  bases  for 
subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policies.  Investments in subsidiaries 
are stated at cost less impairment in the statement of financial position of the Company. 

2.2  Equity Accounted Joint Ventures 

The  Group  reports  its  interests  in  joint  ventures  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting,  except  when  the 
investment is classified as held for sale. Whilst the Group does not directly have revenues, its JV operating 
plant at EdS does. Revenues are derived from electricity exported to the Argentinian grid. CAMMESA records 
the level of exports, raising the required documentation, on a monthly basis. This is agreed with EdS, the 
receivables then become due for payment after 60 days.

38 

 
 
2.3  Goodwill 

Goodwill representing the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the 
identifiable net assets acquired is capitalised and reviewed annually for impairment.  Goodwill is stated after 
separating  out  identifiable  assets  and  liabilities.    Goodwill  is  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  impairment 
losses. 

Any  excess  of  interest  in  acquired  assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  over  fair  value  is  recognised 
immediately after acquisition through the income statement. 

2.4  Foreign Currency Translation 

The financial information is presented in pounds sterling, which is also the functional currency of the parent 
company. 

In the separate financial statements of the consolidated entities, foreign currency transactions are translated 
into the functional currency of the individual entity using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions (“spot exchange rate”).  Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such 
transactions and from the translation of remaining balances at year-end exchange rates are recognised in the 
income statement within ‘Foreign Exchange (Losses)/Gains’. 

In the consolidated financial statements, all separate financial statements of subsidiaries and joint ventures, 
originally presented in a currency different from the Group’s presentation currency, have been converted into 
sterling.    Assets  and  liabilities  have  been  translated  into  sterling  at  the  closing  rate  at  the  reporting  date. 
Income and expenses have been converted into sterling at the average rates over the reporting period. 2020 
marks the fourth year of inflation accounting adjustments in Argentina.  It is the Directors’ judgement that the 
Argentine  GAAP  hyperinflation  adjustments  to  the  accounts  of  the  Group’s  Joint  Venture  operations  in 
Argentina give an approximate fair value of these operations. There are no material differences arising from 
Argentine GAAP inflationary accounting and IAS 29. 

Non-monetary assets are valued at historic rates. 

2.5  Expense recognition 

Operating expenses are recognised in the income statement upon utilisation of the service or at the date of 
their origin. All other income and expenses are reported on an accrual basis. 

2.6  Dividends 

Dividends, other than those from investments in associates and joint ventures, are recognised at the time the 
right to receive payment is established. No dividends were paid or received during the year (2019: nil). 

2.7  Borrowing Costs 

All  borrowing  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred  except  where  the  costs  are  directly  attributable  to  specific 
construction projects, in which case the interest cost is capitalised as part of those assets. 

2.8  Property, Plant and Equipment 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. No 
depreciation is charged during the period of construction. 

All operational buildings and plant and equipment in the course of construction are recorded as plant under 
construction until such time as they are brought into use by the Group.  Plant under construction includes all 
direct  expenditure  and  may  include  capitalised  interest  in  accordance  with  the  accounting  policy  on  that 
subject.  On completion, such assets are transferred to the appropriate asset category. 

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are 
incurred.  The cost of major renovations and overhauls is included in the carrying amount of the assets where 
it is probable that the economic life of the asset is significantly enhanced as a consequence of the work.  Major 
renovations and overhauls are depreciated over the expected remaining useful life of the work. 

Depreciation  is  calculated  to  write  down  the  cost  less  estimated  residual  value  of  all  property,  plant  and 
equipment other than freehold land which is not depreciated by equal annual instalments over their estimated 
useful economic lives.  The periods generally applicable are: 

Plant and equipment  3 to 15 years 

Material residual values are updated as required, but at least annually.  Where the carrying amount of an 
asset  is  greater  than  its  estimated  recoverable  amount,  it  is  written  down  immediately  to  its  recoverable 
amount. 

39 

 
  
2.9 

Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets 
At  each  reporting  date,  the  Group  reviews  the  carrying  amount  of  its  property,  plant  and  equipment  and 
intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment 
loss.  If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the 
extent  of the impairment loss (if  any).    Where it  is  not  possible  to  estimate  the  recoverable  amount of  an 
individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset 
belongs.  

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in 
use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. 

If  the  recoverable  amount  of  an  asset  (or  cash-generating  unit)  is  estimated  to  be  less  than  its  carrying 
amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An 
impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement.  The Group recognises a cash-generating 
unit by its ability to independently earn income. The Group carries each cash-generating unit in an individual 
special purpose company, so they are easily recognised. 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) 
is  increased  to  the  revised  estimate  of  its  recoverable  amount,  but  only  to  the  extent  that  the  increased 
carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment 
loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss 
is recognised immediately in the income statement. 

2.10  Taxation 

Current  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  comprise  those  obligations  to,  or  claims  from,  fiscal  authorities 
relating to the current or prior reporting period, that are unpaid at the reporting date.  They are calculated 
according to the tax rates and tax laws applicable to the fiscal periods to which they relate, based on the 
taxable profit for the period.  All changes to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of 
tax expense in the income statement or through the statement of changes in equity. 

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences.  This involves the 
comparison of the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with their 
respective  tax  bases.    However,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  set  out  in  IAS  12,  no  deferred  taxes  are 
recognised in respect of non-tax-deductible goodwill. In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as 
well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets. 

Deferred tax liabilities are provided for in full with no discounting.  Deferred tax assets are recognised to the 
extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against 
future  taxable  income.   Current  and  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  calculated  at  tax  rates  that  are 
expected  to  apply  to  their  respective  period  of  realisation,  provided  that  they  are  enacted  or  substantially 
enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred  tax  is  provided  on  differences  between  the  fair  value  of  assets  and  liabilities  acquired  in  an 
acquisition and the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity and on the differences 
relating to investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies if the difference is a temporary difference 
and is expected to reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the income 
statement, except where they relate to items that are accounted for through other comprehensive income or 
charged or credited directly to equity in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly 
to equity, or other comprehensive income. 

2.11  Financial Assets 

The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, loans and receivables, held at amortised 
cost. 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand as well as short term highly liquid investments 
such as bank deposits. 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payment dates that are 
not quoted in an active market.  These are assets held on a ‘hold to collect’ basis. They arise when the Group 
provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivable.  Receivables 
are measured initially at fair value and subsequently remeasured to test for impairment, the carrying value is 
less provision for impairment.  Any impairment is recognised in the income statement. 

40 

 
The portion of loans due from the Joint Venture which are expected to be received in 2021 are shown as 
current assets.  The remainder are expected in 2022 to 2034, these are shown as non-current assets.  

2.12  Financial Liabilities 

Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial instruments and are recognised when the 
Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is when the obligation is 
discharged, cancelled or expires. 

Bank  and  other  loans  are  raised  for  support  of  short-term  funding  of  the  Group’s  operations.    They  are 
recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using  the  effective  interest  method.    Finance  charges,  including  premiums  payable  on  settlement  or 
redemption,  and  direct  issue  costs  are  charged  to  the  income  statement  on  an  accruals  basis  using  the 
effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are 
not settled in the period in which they arise. 

2.13  Short term leases 

IFRS 16 provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring the recognition of assets and liabilities for all 
leases, together with the option to exclude leases where the lease term is 12 months or less, or where the 
underlying asset is of low value.  IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting in IAS 17, with 
the  distinction  between  operating  leases  and  finance  leases  being  retained.  The  Group  does  not  have 
significant leasing activities acting as a lessor, also, there are no impacts as a lessee. 

2.14  Inventories 

Inventories in the Company comprise turbines and associated spare parts and similar items for use in the 
Group’s plant and equipment. Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. 

2.15  Shareholders’ Equity 

Equity attributable to the shareholders of the parent company comprises the following: 

“Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares. 

“Share premium account” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received 
for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue. 

“Foreign  currency  reserve”  represents  the  differences  arising  from  translation  of  investments  in  overseas 
subsidiaries. 

“Retained Losses/Earnings” represents losses/earnings to date. 

“Special Non-distributable reserves” comprises the reduction of the share premium account. 

2.16  Pensions 

Under  the  Pensions  Act  2008,  every  employer  in  the  UK  must  put  certain  staff  into  a  workplace  pension 
scheme and contribute towards it.  This is called 'automatic enrolment'.  Rurelec’s staging date was 1 October 
2017.  Rurelec chose to set up its auto enrolment contribution plan pension scheme with NEST which ensures 
access  to  suitable,  low-charge  pension  provision  to  meet  the  new  duty  to  enrol  all  eligible  workers  into a 
workplace pension automatically. 

Rurelec also offers a Salary Sacrifice Scheme within NEST by which employees sacrifice part of their salary 
in exchange for the company to make an employer contribution on their behalf to the pension scheme and 
also to contribute their national insurance savings on the amount sacrificed by the employee. 

During the year under review, the Company continued its contributions to the contribution plan NEST Pension 
scheme. 

2.17  Segment Reporting 

In identifying its operating segments, management follows the Group’s geographic locations and are reported 
in a manner consistent with the Chief Operating Decision Maker.  The activities undertaken by segments are 
the  development  of  generation  assets  and  generation  of  electricity  in  their  country  of  incorporation  within 
South America. 

Each  of the  operating segments is  managed separately  as  the  rules  and  regulations vary  from country  to 
country. 

41 

 
 
The measurement policies used by the Group for segment reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those 
used in the financial statements. 

3.  KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES 

When  preparing  the  financial  statements,  management  makes  a  number  of  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions about the recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.  The actual 
results may differ from the judgements, estimates and assumptions made and will seldom equal the estimated 
results.  The areas which management consider are likely to be most affected by the significant judgements, 
estimates and assumptions on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are: 

Impairment  –  management  review  tangible  and  intangible  assets,  including  intra  group  and  Joint  Venture 
loans, at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is, in their judgement, any indication that those 
assets  have  suffered  an  impairment  loss.    This  review  process  includes  making  assumptions  about  future 
events, circumstances  and  operating  results.    The  actual  results  may vary  from  those  expected  and  could 
therefore cause significant adjustments to the carrying value of the Group’s assets.  Details of the assumptions 
underlying management’s forecasts for the Group’s main Cash Generating Unit (“CGU”) are set out in Note 
8b. 

4.  SEGMENT ANALYSIS 

Management currently identifies the Group’s four geographic operating segments; Argentina, Chile, Peru and 
the head office in the UK, as operating segments as further described in the accounting policy note.  These 
operating  segments  are  monitored,  and  strategic  decisions  are  made  on  the  basis  of  segment  operating 
results.  The Group’s joint venture operations in Argentina have been excluded, see note 22 for more detail. 

The following tables provide an analysis of the operating results, total assets and liabilities, in 2020 and 2019 
for each geographic segment. 

a)  12 months to 31.12.2020 

Administrative Expenses 
Loss from Operations 
Other Income 
Other Expense 
Foreign Exchange Gains/(Losses) 
Finance Income 
Finance Expense 

Loss before Tax from Operations 
Tax Expense 
Total Loss 
Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

b)  12 months to 31.12.2019 

Administrative Expenses 

Loss from Operations 
Other Income 
Other Expense 

Chile 

UK  

£’000 

£’000 

Consolidation 
Adjustments 
£’000 

(97) 
(97) 
- 
- 
8 
- 
(653) 

(742) 
- 
(742) 
1,282 
13,296 

(1,013) 
(1,013) 
22 
(1,826) 
(464) 
1,472 
(2,783) 

(4,592) 
- 
(4,592) 
15,221 
569 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(653) 
653 

- 
- 
- 
(1,088) 
(13,505) 

Chile 

UK  

£’000 

£’000 

Consolidation 
Adjustments 
£’000 

(112) 

(112) 
- 
- 

(1,056) 

(1,056) 
130 
(2,029) 

- 

- 
- 
- 

Total 

£’000 

(1,110) 
(1,110) 
22 
(1,826) 
(456) 
819 
(2,783) 
(5,334) 
- 
(5,334) 
15,415 
360 

Total 

£’000 

(1,168) 
(1,168) 
130 
(2,029) 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Exchange (Losses)/Gains 
Finance Income 
Finance Expense 
(Loss)/Profit before Tax from 
Operations 
Tax Expense 

Total (Loss)/Profit 
Total Assets 
Total Liabilities 

(216) 
- 
(613) 

(1,071) 
609 
(60) 

(941) 

(3,477) 

- 
(941) 
1,264 
12,428 

- 
(3,477) 
21,316 
420 

- 
(603) 
603 

- 

- 
- 
(1,589) 
(12,377) 

(1,287) 
6 
(70) 

(4,418) 

- 
(4,418) 
20,991 
471 

5.  EXCHANGE RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 

The key exchange rates applicable to the results were as follows:  

i)  Closing rate 

US $ to £ 

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £ 

ii)  Average rate 

US $ to £ 

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £ 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

1.3578 

965.3 

1.2872 

1,018.5 

1.3116 

977.2 

1.2764 

905.9 

If the exchange rate of sterling at 31 December 2020 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent. from the 
above, with all other variables held constant, shareholder equity at 31 December 2020 would have been £1.4 
million (2019: £2.0 million) lower or higher than reported. 

If the average exchange rate of sterling during 2020 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent. with all other 
variables held constant, the effect on the loss for the year would have been £1.4 million (2019: £0.1 million) 
higher or lower than reported. 

If the average exchange rate of sterling during 2020 had been stronger or weaker by 10% per cent. with all 
other variables held constant, the effect on the total other comprehensive loss for the year would have been 
£1.5 million (2019: £0.02 million) higher or lower than reported. 

6.  ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

Expenditure incurred in administrative expenses is as follows: 

Payroll and Social Security 

Services, Legal and Professional 

Office Costs and General Overheads 
Audit Costs1 

Total 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

522 

258 

236 

94 

1,110 

£’000 

550 

311 

239 

68 

1,168 

1Audit  services  include  £67k  (2019:  £58k)  paid  to  the  auditors  for  the  audit  of  the  Company  and  Group’s 
financial statements. £10k (2019: £10k) for the audit of the Group’s subsidiaries.  Fees paid to other auditors, 
in respect of the audit of joint venture companies, amounted to £13.2k (2019: £16.8k).  The group auditors 
also provided taxation services for the Group in the year, the costs were £17.1k (2019 £11.4k). 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.  EMPLOYEE COSTS 

a)  Group 

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors 

Social Security Costs 

Pension Costs 

Total 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

490 

20 

12 

522 

517 

20 

13 

550 

The average number of employees in the Group, including Directors, during the year was as follows:  

Management 

Administration and development 

Total 

b)  Company 

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors 

Social Security Costs 

Pension Costs 

Total 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

3 

4 

7 

3 

4 

7 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

£’000 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

474 

18 

13 

505 

499 

17 

13 

529 

The average number of employees in the Company, including Directors, during the year was as follows:  

Management 

Administration and development 

Total 

c)  Directors’ remuneration 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

3 

3 

6 

3 

3 

6 

The total remuneration paid to the Directors was £280k (2019: £314k).  The total remuneration of the highest 
paid Director was £168k (2019: £186k).  There were no health insurance costs, bonuses, pension costs or 
share based payments paid during the year (2019: Nil). 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

B Rowbotham 
S Morris 
A Coveney 

Total 

31.12.2020 
£’000 
Base Salary/Fee 
30 
82 
168 

280 

31.12.2020 
£’000 
Total 
30 
82 
168 

280 

31.12.2019 
£’000 
Total 
30 
98 
186 

314 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
B Rowbotham has been on payroll in 2019 and 2020. 

S Morris provided services under a service agreement contract with SC Morris Ltd and received £22.5k via 
payroll. 

A Coveney provided services under a service agreement contract with Coveney Associates Consulting Ltd 
and received £22.5k via payroll. 

8.  a) FOREIGN EXCHANGE 

Foreign Exchange (Losses) 

Total 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

(456) 

(456) 

£’000 

(1,287) 

(1,287) 

Foreign  currency-based  assets  are  translated  at  the  relevant  year  end  rates.    The  majority  of  foreign 
exchanges losses were incurred on the 701 turbines, 2020 carrying value US$9.4 million (2019: US$9.4 
million) resulted in £0.2 million loss in 2020 (2019: loss £0.3 million) and net JV receivables in 2019 had 
a carrying value US$9.5 million (2019: US$12.4 million) which resulted in losses of £0.1 million (2019: 
losses of £0.7 million). 

b)  OTHER INCOME/IMPAIRMENT CHARGES/(REVERSALS) 

Other Income 

Agency Fees on RPFL’s loan to EdS 

Director’s fees due from EdS 

Total 

Impairment Charges/(Reversals) 

Loans to Joint Venture Companies (see note 22) 

Impairment on investment in Joint Venture 

Reversal of prior year impairment of investment in SEA  

Impairment of turbines for Central Illapa 

Total 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

- 

22 

22 

- 

1,826 

- 

- 

1,826 

107 

23 

130 

235 

- 

(188) 

1,982 

2,029 

During the year the directors tested all major assets for indication of impairment the results of these were: 

LOANS TO JOINT VENTURE COMPANIES:  

Carrying Value 1.1.20 

Exchange adjustment 

Repayments 

Reversal of 2019 Expected Credit Losses 

2020 Expected Credit Losses 

Carrying Value 31.12.20 

Amount recognised as investment (note 21) 

Amount recognised as receivable (note 13) 

£9.4m 

£(0.2)m 

£(1.8m) 

£0.8m 

£(2.8)m 

£5.4m 

£1.6m 

£5.4m 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  carrying  value  of  the  loans  is  based  on  the  replacement  Amended  Loan  Notes,  gross  value  at  31 
December 2020 of £10.7 million (2019: £12.9 million).  These notes bear zero interest and have a long stop 
maturity of 31 December 2039.  Carrying values have been determined by discounting the predicted future 
repayments  at  a  rate  of  9%  pa,  it  is  anticipated  that  the  notes  will  be  fully  repaid  in  2034  (2019:  2027).  
Assessment of discount rate sensitivity, were the discount rate to be 10% higher or lower then the expected 
credit  losses  would  be  +/-  £0.3  million.  The  notes  are  held  in  the  Statement  of  Financial  Position  at  their 
discounted value.   

TURBINES FOR CENTRAL ILLAPA (CHILE): 

Carrying value of turbine 1.1.20 

Exchange adjustment 

Impairment in year 

Carrying value of turbine 31.12.20 

£’(000) 

£7,167 

£(244) 

£nil 

£6,923 

The carrying value of the turbines is based on the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use.  The 
Directors obtained an independent valuation to determine an achievable market valuation, less costs to sell.  
As a result, the Directors determined a recoverable amount of £6.9 million (US $9.4 million) (2019: £7.2 million 
(US  $9.4  million)).    The  realisation  of  the  asset  is  dependent  on  a  successful  future  sale  or  successful 
development of the Central Illapa Project, both of which are uncertain. 

The Illapa turbines are included within Property, Plant and Equipment in the Group and in the Company, they 
are included in Inventories. 

TURBINE – ARICA (CHILE) 

Carrying value of Arica turbine 1.1.20 

Foreign exchange revaluation 

Impairment in year 

Carrying value of Arica turbine 31.12.20 

£’(000) 

£386 

£(18) 

£ - 

£368 

The carrying value is assessed as fair value less costs to sell, based on historic offers and an independent 
valuation report.  The above asset is included in Property, Plant and Equipment.  

9.  FINANCE INCOME & EXPENSE 

Finance Income 

Reversal of 2019 Expected Credit Losses 

Other Interest Received 

Finance Expense 

Charge for 2020 Expected Credit Losses 
Interest Expense Paid/Payable on bank borrowings and loans1 

Other interest payable 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

819 

- 

819 

2,783 

- 

- 

2,783 

- 

6 

6 

- 

60 

10 

70 

1 Expected credit losses are charged as the Amended Loan Notes repayments are projected to received of a 
longer period of time, with final repayment in 2034 (2019: 2027) 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1In the prior year interest paid/payable included interest on the BPAC loan in accordance with the terms of the 
payment plan following a settlement agreement, the final payment was made in December 2019.  The details 
of the amounts due under the loans are shown in Note 20. 

Sensitivity analysis arising from changes in borrowing costs is set out in Note 20.  

10.  TAX EXPENSE 

The relationship between the expected tax expense at basic rate of 19 per cent. (2019: 19 per cent.) and the 
tax expense actually recognised in the income statement can be reconciled as follows:  

Result for the year before tax 

Standard rate of Corporation Tax in UK 

Expected Tax Credit 

Tax effect not deductible in determining taxable profits  

Unrecognised Loss carried forward 

Actual Tax Expense 

Comprising: 

Current Tax Expense 

Deferred Tax/(Net Credit) 

Total Credit (Expense) 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

(5,334) 

19% 

(1,013) 

350 

663 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£’000 

(4,418) 

19% 

(839) 

(49) 

888 

- 

- 

- 

- 

A deferred tax asset for the year of £0.7 million (2019: £0.9 million) is not recognised as an asset due to the 
uncertainty  and  unknown  timing  of  its  realisation  against  future  profits.  The  estimated  accumulated 
unrecognised deferred tax asset is £3.1 million (2019: £2.2 million), based on cumulative tax losses of £16.2 
million (2019: £12.8 million).   

11.  EARNING PER SHARE 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss for the period attributable to shareholders by the weighted 
average number of shares in issue during the period.  

Average number of shares in issue 

Result for the year 

Total Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent 

Basic Loss per share 

Diluted Loss per share 

There is no difference between the Basic and Diluted loss per share. 

12.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

561,387,586 

561,387,586 

£5.3m 

0.95p 

0.95p 

£4.4m 

0.79p 

0.79p 

a)  Group 

Cost at 01.01.2019 

Exchange Adjustments 

Cost at 31.12.2019 

Plant and  

Plant under 

Total 

Equipment   Construction 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

15,389 

(500) 

14,889 

2,212 

(71) 

2,141 

17,601 

(571) 

17,030 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange Adjustments 

Cost at 31.12.2020 

Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment at 01.01.2019 

Exchange Adjustments 

Charge for the year 

Charge for impairment for the year 

Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment at 31.12.2019 
Exchange Adjustments 

Charge for the year 

Charge for impairment for the year 

(774) 

14,115 

5,933 

(193) 

- 

1,982 

7,722 

(530) 

- 

- 

(111) 

2,030 

1,630 

(7) 

- 

- 

1,623 

(41) 

- 

- 

(885) 

16,145 

7,563 

(200) 

- 

1,982 

9,345 

(571) 

- 

- 

Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment at 31.12.2020 

7,192 

1,582 

8,774 

Net Book Value – 31.12.2020 

Net Book Value – 31.12.2019 

6,923 

7,167 

448 

518 

7,371 

7,685 

The plant and equipment of £6.9 million (2019: £7.2 million) relates to two Siemens turbines, stored in 
Venice  for  use  in  the  Central  Illapa  project  purchased  for  US  $25.0  million.  The  turbines  are  held  as 
inventory in the Company.  

Plant under construction comprises a turbine plant in Chile £0.4 million (2019: £0.4 million) and Central 
Illapa development costs of £0.1 million (2019: £0.1 million). The turbine disposal was announced on 9 
September 2021,  see note 28 Post Balance Sheet Events. 

b)  Company – The Company had no property, plant and equipment. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.  TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

a)     Group - non-current 

Amounts due from Joint Venture Companies1 

4,586 

6,423 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

b)      Group – current 

Amounts due from Joint Venture Companies1 

Tax Receivable – VAT 

Other Receivables and Prepayments 

843 

4 

295 

1,142 

3,005 

10 

257 

3,272 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

a)     Company - non-current 

Amounts due from Joint Venture Companies1 

4,586 

6,423 

b)      Company – current 

Amounts due from Joint Venture Companies1 

Tax Receivable – VAT 
Loans to subsidiaries2 

Other Receivables and Prepayments 

843 

4 

448 

102 

1,397 

3,005 

10 

514 

64 

3,593 

The amounts owed by subsidiary companies include: 

1Amounts  due  from  joint  venture  companies  represent  the  amounts  lent  by  the  Company,  net  of 
impairments, to PEL.  Interest on these amounts has been accrued at rates of nil per cent. (2019: nil per 
cent.).  These loans were replaced in the prior year with Amended Loan Notes, as previously announced 
on  19  November  2019.    These  notes  bear  zero  interest.  Carrying  values  have  been  determined  by 
discounting the predicted future repayments at a rate of 9% pa, it is anticipated that the notes will be fully 
repaid in 2034, please see note 8b for details.  The first £0.5 million repayment was received in December 
2019 ,in 2020: £1.8 million was received, one repayment of $347k has been received in 2021, the board 
expects that further repayments will be received in the remainder of the year.  

2Loans  to  subsidiaries  in  Cochrane  Power  Limited  £11.4  million,  (2019:  £10.6  million)  repayable  on 
demand.  These loans have been impaired to £0.4 million (2019: £0.5 million) in Cochrane Power Limited, 
the UK holding company for assets in Chile.  The loans to Chile bear nil per cent. interest.  

All  trade and  other  receivables  are  unsecured and  are not past  their  due  by  dates.  The  fair  values  of 
receivables are not materially different to the carrying values shown above.

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.  INVENTORIES 

Company - Inventories 

Inventories 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

6,923 

£’000 

7,167 

Inventories comprises of two Siemens 701DU turbines acquired from IPSA in June 2013.  Further details of 
which are set out in note Error! Reference source not found..  Storage and insurance costs for the turbines 
in the year totalled £112k (2019: £111k). 

15.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

a)  Group - current 

Cash and short-term bank deposits 

668 

137 

b)  Company - current 

Cash and short-term bank deposits 

667 

137 

Cash  and  short-term  bank  deposits  are  held,  where  the  balance  is  material,  in  interest  bearing  bank 
accounts, accessible at between 1- and 30-days’ notice.  The effective average interest rate is less than 
1 per cent.  The Group holds cash balances to meet its day-to-day requirements. 

16.  SHARE CAPITAL 

In issue, authorised, called up and fully paid 
561,387,586 ordinary shares of 1p each (2019: 561,387,586 of 
2p each) 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

5,614 

11,228 

Ordinary shares have no redemption rights and are entitled to full rights to dividends and excess capital on 
winding up. The capital reduction reduced the Nominal Value from two pence to one pence, see below for 
further details,there was no change to the number of shares in issue. This reduction in nominal value was 
effective from 26 August 2020, 

The  Company  applied  to  the High  Court  to  allow  for  a  capital  reorganisation  in  respect  of  each  holding  of 
ordinary shares of £0.02 each in the capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) at the close of business on 
30 June 2020 each and every Ordinary Share to be subdivided into (A) one ordinary share of £0.01 (“New 
Ordinary  Share”),  each  such  New  Ordinary  Share  having  the  same  rights  and  being  subject  to  the  same 
restrictions as the Ordinary Shares and (B) one deferred share of £0.01 (“New Deferred Share”), each such 
New Deferred Share having the rights and being subject to the restrictions set out in the articles of association 
of the Company to be adopted at the Company’s annual general meeting on 30 June 2020.  On 14 August 
2020,  the  High  Court  approved  the  reorganisation  of  the  issued  share  capital  of  the  Company  which  was 
reduced  from  £11,227,751.72  to  £5,613,875.86  by  cancelling  and  extinguishing  561,387,586  of  the  issued 
New Deferred Shares of £0.01 each in the Company, each of which is fully paid up, and the amount by which 
the share capital is so reduced to be credited to retained earnings. 

On 14 August 2020, the High Court approved the reduction in the share premium account of the Company of 
£22,753,689 to be  credited  to  a  reserve  in  the accounts  of the  Group and  the  reduction of  the  Company's 
nominal share capital by way of cancellation of 561,387,586 deferred shares of £0.01 each and the cancellation 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
of the share premium account of the Company also to be credited to a reserve in the accounts of the Group 
(together, the "Reduction of Capital") which became effective on 26 August 2020. 

Following the Capital Reduction, the issued share capital of the Company consists of 561,387,586 ordinary 
shares of £0.01 each and the distributable reserves will amount to £14,620,074 

17.  SPECIAL NON-DISTRIBUTABLE RESERVE/SHARE PREMIUM 

1st Capital reduction 

On 17 December 2014, the High Court approved the reduction in the share premium account of the company 
of £45,000,000 and the creation of a special reserve in the accounts of the Group.  The Group had, at that 
time, accumulated losses on its profit and loss account of £7,371,683.  The existence of these losses prevented 
the  Company  from  paying  dividends  to  its  shareholders  out  of  future  profits  until  these  losses  have  been 
eliminated.  The Board considered that the accumulated losses represented a permanent loss and given the 
size of the accumulated losses, there was in the opinion of the Board no reasonable prospect of the losses 
being  eliminated  in  the  short  term.    It  was  proposed  that  the  permanent  loss  should  be  recognised  by 
eliminating the deficit on the profit and loss account. This would be achieved by the reduction in the balance 
on the Share Premium Account of the Company. 

The Company had built up a substantial Share Premium Account through the issue of shares for cash at values 
in excess of the nominal value of those shares.  At the time of the High Court hearing, the balance standing to 
the credit of the share premium account was £67,835,921.  A resolution was proposed and successfully passed 
at a General Meeting on 25 November 2014 to reduce the amount standing to the credit of the share premium 
account of the Company by £45,000,000 from £67,835,921 to £22,835,921. This transfer was effective on 26 
August 2020. 

The resolution was subsequently confirmed by the High Court in the terms proposed at the time by the Board, 
the  effect  of  the  Capital  Reduction  was  to  release  part  of  the  amount  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  Share 
Premium Account of the Company so that after certain creditors are repaid £45,000,000 (i) may be used by 
the  Company  to  eliminate  the  deficit  on  the  profit  and  loss  account  and  (ii)  the  balance  credited  to  the 
distributable reserves of the Company to allow the Company to pay dividends in due course.  Until the creditors 
are repaid the balance is to be held in a Special Non-distributable Reserve.  The balance of unpaid creditors  
was £nil (2019: £nil). 

Share Premium account, after the 1st deduction of £45,000,000 was £22,753,689. 

Share Premium Account 
Share premium is treated as part of the capital of the Company and arises on the issue by the Company of 
shares at a premium to their nominal value.  The premium element is credited to the Share Premium Account.  
The  Company  is  generally  precluded  from  the  payment  of  any  dividends  or  other  distributions  or  the 
redemption or buy back of its issued shares in the absence of sufficient distributable reserves, and the Share 
Premium Account can be applied by the Company only for limited purposes. 

2nd Capital reduction 

In particular, the Share Premium Account is a non-distributable capital reserve and the Company's ability to 
use  any  amount  credited  to  that  reserve  is  limited  by  the  Companies  Act.    However,  with  the  confirmed 
approval  of  our  shareholders,  effective  26  August  2020,  by  way  of  a  special  resolution  and  subsequent 
confirmation by the High Court, the Company has reduced the share premium account of  £22,753,689 to £nil 
and credited it to a retained earnings. 

To the extent that the release of such a sum from the Share Premium Account creates or increases a credit 
on  the  profit  and  loss  account,  that  sum  represents  distributable  reserves  of  the  Company  subject  to  the 
restrictions set out below. 

Capital Reduction – Procedure 
In order to approve the Capital Reduction, the High Court was required to be satisfied that the interests of the 
Company's creditors will not be prejudiced by the Capital Reduction.  The Company was not required to seek 
written consent to the Capital Reduction from its creditors.  However, for the benefit of those of its creditors 
from whom consent is not required, the Company will not be capable of making a distribution to shareholders 
until any such outstanding obligations have been discharged, and the Company has given an undertaking to 
that effect to the High Court.  

The Capital Reduction does not affect the number of Shares in issue, or the voting or dividend rights of any 
Shareholder. 

51 

 
18.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

a)  Group - current 

Trade Payables 

Accruals 

b)  Company - current 

Trade Payables 

Group borrowings 

Accruals 

19.  TAX LIABILITIES 

Group/Company - Current 

Other tax and social security 

20.  BORROWINGS  

Group/Company - Current 

Other Loans 

Group/Company – Total Borrowings 
The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows: 

Within 1 year 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

150 

203 

353 

104 

228 

115 

447 

251 

214 

465 

204 

236 

114 

554 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

7 

7 

6 

6 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Group and Company 

During the prior year the loan was repaid in full. The final repayment was made on 27 December 2019. 

Net Debt Reconciliation 

a)  Group 

Balance at the start of the year 

Non-Cash Flow Transactions 

Interest charge 

Cash Flow Transactions 

Interest Paid 

Principal Repayment 

Balance at the end of the year 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£’000 

1,200 

60 

(60) 

(1,200) 

- 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
b)  Company 

Balance at the start of the year 

Non-Cash Flow Transactions 

Interest charge 

Cash Flow Transactions 

Interest Paid 

Principal Repayment 

Balance at the end of the year 

21.  INVESTMENTS  

Cost at 01.01.2019 
Addition resulting from new loan note 
Cost at 31.12.2019 
Cost at 31.12.2020 

Accumulated Impairment at 01.01.2019 
Accumulated Impairment at 31.12.2019 
Impairment in year 
Accumulated Impairment at 31.12.2020 

Carrying Value at 31.12.2020 
Carrying Value at 31.12.2019 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

1,200 

60 

(60) 

(1,200) 

- 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

£’000 

8,178 
3,474 
11,652 
11,652 

(8,178) 
(8,178) 
(1,826) 
(10,004) 

1,648 
3,474 

PEL 

£’000 

8,178 
3,474 
11,652 
11,652 

(8,178) 
(8,178) 
(1,826) 
(10,004) 

1,648 
3,474 

The 2019 amendment of the loan note receivable agreement to the JV (US$ 17.6 million) is on a fixed term 
but carries no interest. Because of this, under IFRS 9, a market rate of interest (9 per cent.) was used to FV 
the loan. The difference been the balance outstanding on the £12.9m, and the 2019 initial fair value adjustment 
amount of £3.5m has been treated as an investment, with the £9.4m remaining in receivables as at 31/12/19. 
After  review  at  31  December  2020  an  impairment  of  £1.8  million  has  been  recorded,  this  represents  an 
increase  in  expected  credit  losses,  caused  by  slower  repayment  of  the  receivable.  Full  repayment  is  now 
expected in 2034 (2019: 2027). 

At the year end the Company held the following investments: 

Direct investments: 

1. 

2. 

50  per  cent.  (2019:  50  per  cent.)  of  the  issued share  capital  of  Patagonia  Energy  Limited  (“PEL”),  a 
company registered in the British Virgin Islands under registration number 620522. PEL owns 100 per 
cent. of the issued share capital of EdS, a company registered in Argentina.  EdS is a generator and 
supplier of electricity to the national grid in Argentina. 

100 per cent. (2019: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Cochrane Power Limited, a company 
registered in England and Wales under registration number 8220905.  Cochrane Power Limited owned 
at the year-end, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent. interest in Central Illapa, S.A. 
and 100 per cent. interest in Termoelectrica del Norte, S.A., both being companies registered in Chile. 

3. 

100 per  cent. (2019: 100  per cent.)  of  the issued  share  capital  of  Rurelec  Project  Finance  Limited  a 
company registered in England and Wales under registration number 7523554.

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indirect investments: 

Name 

Trading address/registered address 

Interest Held 

Energia del Sur, S.A.* 

Arroyo 880, Piso 2 

50% 

C10007AAB 

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 

Argentina 

Electrica del Sur, S.A.* 

Arroyo 880, Piso 2 

C10007AAB 

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 

Argentina 

SEA Energy, S.A.** 

Arroyo 880, Piso 2 

C10007AAB 

Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 

Argentina 

50% 

100% 

Rurelec Chile SpA*** 

c/o Guerrero Olivos 

100% 

Av. Vitacura 2939, Piso 8 

Las Condes 

Santiago  

Chile 

Rurelec Chile Limitada*** 

c/o Guerrero Olivos 

100% 

Av. Vitacura 2939, Piso 8 

Las Condes 

Santiago  

Chile 

Termoelectrica del Norte, S.A.*** 

c/o Guerrero Olivos 

100% 

Av. Vitacura 2939, Piso 8 

Las Condes 

Santiago  

Chile 

Central Illapa, S.A.*** 

c/o Guerrero Olivos 

100% 

Av. Vitacura 2939, Piso 8 

Las Condes 

Santiago  

Chile 

*Held via Patagonia Energy Limited and equity accounted as a joint venture, see Note Error! Reference 
source not found.. 
**Held via Rurelec Project Finance Limited 
***Held via Cochrane Power Limited 

The results of all of the above directly and indirectly held subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated 
group accounts except where joint ventures are equity accounted as indicated. 

22.  JOINT VENTURE 

The Group’s only joint arrangement within the scope of IFRS 11 is its 50 per cent. investment in Patagonia 
Energy Limited (“PEL”), which owns 100 per cent. of EdS, its operating asset in Argentina.  Management has 
reviewed the classification of PEL in accordance with IFRS 11 and has concluded that it is a joint venture and 
therefore it has been accounted for using the equity accounting method as set out in IAS 28.  

54 

 
 
Since previous  blade  failure  issues  were  resolved  in  January  2019  plant  availability  continues to  be  within 
expectations, 2020 average 91.7 per cent. (2019: 89.0 per cent.). 

The Group does not participate in the current year profits of the joint venture, as they are exceeded by previous 
losses. In prior years the losses had exceeded the investment in the joint venture and therefore the Group has 
not recognised its share of losses in the joint venture. During 2020 the joint venture made a profit.  Total loss 
position at the year-end was £32.5 million (2019: £40.2 million). 

The following table sets out the results of the joint venture in Argentina of which the Group has a 50 per cent. 
share: 

Group share of Joint Venture results and net assets 

Results 

Revenue 

Operating Expenses - excluding foreign exchange losses 

Foreign exchange losses 

EBITDA 

Depreciation 

EBIT 

Intragroup interest -  credit re write back of prior year charge 

Third party interest payable 

Profit before tax 

Tax 

Profit after tax 

Summary of Statement of Financial Position 

Non-current assets 

Cash 

Current trade and other receivables 

Non-current liabilities 

Current liabilities 

Net assets/(liabilities) 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

£’000 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

8,357 

(4,464) 

(1,288) 

2,605 

(1,043) 

1,562 

2,578 

(634) 

3,506 

(829) 

2,677 

10,407 

1,418 

1,196 

(18,681) 

(2,060) 

(7,720) 

11,295 

(6,082) 

(1,391) 

3,822 

(1,198) 

2,624 

2,570 

(1,406) 

3,787 

(1,079) 

2,709 

15,889 

1,713 

4,907 

(25,785) 

(4,881) 

(8,157) 

The  Group  share  of  joint  venture  results  and  net  assets  are  shown  in  Argentinian  GAAP,  which  is  the 
accounting framework applied to the Joint Venture. The only difference to IFRS is that fixed assets inspection 
costs capitalised under Argentinian GAAP would be de-recognised under IFRS. The impact of this adjustment 
would be to decrease the Group’s share of Joint Venture fixed assets by £0.8 million. 

Revenue is derived from one principal customer, CAMMESA, which is the Government appointed purchaser 
of wholesale electricity in Argentina 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.  RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS 

a)  Group 

Loss for the year before tax 

Net Finance Income 

Net Finance Expense 

Adjustments for: 

Unrealised exchange losses 

Write down of loans 

Write down of investment 

Write down of investment in SEA Energy (reversal) 

Write down of Turbines for Illapa 

Movement in Working Capital: 

Change in Trade and Other Receivables 

Change in Trade and Other Payables 

Cash Used in Operations 

b)  Company 

Loss for the year before tax 

Net Finance Income 

Net Finance Expense 

Adjustments for: 

Unrealised exchange losses 

Write down of loans 

Write down of investment 

Write down of 701 turbines 

Movement in working capital: 

Change in Trade and Other Receivables 

Change in Trade and Other Payables 

Cash Used in Operations 

24.  FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

(5,334) 

(819) 

2,783 

456 

- 

1,826 

- 

- 

(73) 

(112) 

(1,273) 

£’000 

(4,418) 

- 

64 

1,287 

235 

- 

(188) 

1,982 

88 

(308) 

(1,260) 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

Year Ended 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

(5,467) 

(1,472) 

2,783 

456 

883 

1,826 

- 

(41) 

(78) 

(1,110) 

£’000 

(4,510) 

(566) 

- 

1,070 

1,003 

- 

1,982 

(62) 

(78) 

(1,161) 

The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities.  
The  Group’s  risk  management  is  coordinated  to  secure  the  Group’s  short  to  medium-term  cash  flows  by 
minimising its exposure to financial markets.  The Group does not actively engage in the trading of financial 
assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options.  The most significant risks to which the Group is 
exposed are described below: 

a)  Foreign currency risk 

The Group is exposed to translation and transaction foreign exchange risk.  The Group’s principal trading 
operations are based in South America and as a result the Group has exposure to currency exchange 
rate fluctuations in the principal currencies used in South America.  As a result of recent inflation, Argentine 
GAAP measures for hyperinflation have come into force.  The EdS financials included in this report have 
been prepared with these measures.  The Directors are of the view that these accounts require no further 
adjustment. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Group also had exposure to the US Dollar as a result of borrowings denominated in this currency. 

b) 

Interest rate risk 

Group funds are invested in short-term deposit accounts, with a maturity of less than three months, with 
the objective of maintaining a balance between accessibility of funds and competitive rates of return. 

c)  Capital management policies and liquidity risk 

The  Group  considers  its  capital  to  comprise  its  ordinary  share  capital,  share  premium,  accumulated 
retained earnings and other reserves. 

The Group’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going 
concern, so that it can provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. 

The Company meets its capital needs primarily by equity financing.  The Group sets the amount of capital 
it requires to fund the Group’s project evaluation costs and administration expenses.  The Group manages 
its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the 
risk characteristics of the underlying assets. 

The Company and Group do not have any derivative instruments or hedging instruments.  It has been 
determined that a sensitivity analysis will not be representative of the Company’s and Group’s position in 
relation to market risk and therefore no such analysis has been undertaken. 

The following table sets out when the financial obligations fall due: 

a)  Group 

Current – due within 1 year: 

Trade Payables 

Accruals 

Tax Liabilities 

Borrowings 

Total due within 1 year: 

b)  Company 

Current – due within 1 year: 

Trade Payables 

Accruals 

Intra Group borrowing 

Tax Liabilities 

Borrowings 

Total due within 1 year: 

c)  Credit risk 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

150 

203 

7 

- 

360 

251 

214 

6 

- 

471 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

£’000 

104 

115 

228 

7 

- 

454 

203 

115 

236 

5 

- 

559 

Generally, the maximum credit risk exposure of financial assets is the carrying amount of the financial 
assets as shown on the face of the balance sheet (or in the detailed analysis provided in the notes to the 
financial  statements).    Credit  risk,  therefore,  is  only  disclosed  in  circumstances  where  the  maximum 
potential loss differs significantly from the financial asset’s carrying value.  The Group’s trade and other 
receivables are actively monitored. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
d)  Fair values 

In the opinion of the Directors, there is no significant difference between the fair values of the Group’s and 
the Company’s assets and liabilities and their carrying values and none of Group’s and the Company’s 
trade and other receivables are considered to be impaired. 

The financial assets and liabilities of the Group and the Company are classified as follows: 

31 December 2020 

Company 
Financial 
Assets  
At 

 Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

Company 
Borrowings 
and 
Payables  
at 
Amortised 
Cost  
£’000 

Group 
Financial 
Assets  
At 

 Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

Group 
Borrowings 
and 
Payables  
at  
Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

Trade and Other Receivables > 1 year 
Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Trade and Other Payables < 1 year 

Total 

4,586 
1,397 
667 
- 

6,650 

- 
- 
- 
(447) 

(447) 

4,586 
1,143 
668 
- 

6,397 

- 
- 
- 
(354) 

(354) 

31 December 2019 

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year 

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Trade and Other Payables < 1 year 

Borrowings < 1 year 

Total 

Company 
Financial 
Assets  
At 

 Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

6,423 

3,005 

137 

- 

- 

9,565 

Company 
Borrowings 
and 
Payables  
at Amortised 
Cost  

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

(438) 

- 

(438) 

Group 
Financial 
Assets  
At 

 Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

Group 
Borrowings 
and 
Payables  
at  
Amortised 
Cost 
£’000 

6,423 

3,005 

137 

- 

- 

9,565 

- 

- 

- 

(259) 

- 

(259) 

25.  SHORT TERM LEASE COMMITMENTS 

Office premises 
Low value, less than one year £16k (2019: £22k). 

Office premises relates to the Company’s offices. 

26.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

During the year the Company and the Group entered into material transactions with related parties as follows: 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
a)  Company 

i)  Paid salaries to directors, who are considered Key Management Personnel which amounted to £0.3 

million (2019: £0.3 million). 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 
£’000 
Base Salary/Fee 
30 
82 
168 

280 

31.12.2020 
£’000 
Total 
30 
82 
168 

280 

31.12.2019 
£’000 
Total 
30 
98 
186 

314 

B Rowbotham 
S Morris 
A Coveney 

Total 

B Rowbotham provided services under a service agreement contract with Mountbeach Associates 
Ltd until June 2017, since then he was on payroll. 
S Morris provided services under a service agreement contract with SC Morris Ltd. 
A  Coveney  provided  services  under  a  service  agreement  contract  with  Coveney  Associates 
Consulting Ltd.  

ii)  Charged interest on loans to its 100% subsidiary Rurelec Project Finance Ltd (“RPFL”) totalling £nil 
(2019: £23k).  The loan balance outstanding at the year-end due to RPFL was £0.2 million (2019: 
due £0.2 million). 

Year-end Debtor 

Year-end Creditor 
Interest credited 
/(charged) 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

- 

228 

- 

£’000 

- 

236 

23 

iii)  Charged interest on loans to its 50% owned joint venture company, Patagonia Energy Ltd (“PEL”) 
amounting to £nil (2019: £nil).  Received loan repayments of £1,804k (2019: £488k).  The Directors 
have  assessed  the  recoverability  of  the  loans  and  consider  that  it  is  appropriate  to  recognise  an 
adjustment for Expected Credit Losses to the carrying value of £2.8 million and a reversal of 2019 
Expected  Credit  Losses  of  £0.8  million,  net  charge  £2.0  million  (2019:  £3.5  million)  at  the  of  the 
Amended  Loan  Notes issued at  value  at  £13.4 million  (US$  17.6 million)  as a  result of  their  zero 
interest rate.  Additionally, an impairment was recognised during the year of £nil (2019: £0.2 million).  
After impairment reviews and expected credit losses the loan balances at the year-end totalled £5.7 
million (2019: £9.4 million).  Interest on these loans has been accrued at an effective rate of nil per 
cent  (2019:  nil  per  cent).    The  total  outstanding  before  impairment  is  £24.9  million  (2019:  £32.3 
million). 

Y/E Debtor 

Repayment 

Interest charged 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

5,428 

1,804 

- 

£’000 

9,428 

487 

- 

iv)  Received from its joint venture company Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”) repayments totalling £nil (2019: 
£0.5 million) of a loan previously given in support of a creditor of EdS.  This loan was fully repaid 
during the prior year.  

v)  Provided  loans  and  charged  interest  of  0.5%  per  month  to  its  100  per  cent.  subsidiary  Cochrane 
Power Ltd. New loans in the year totalled £0.2 million (2019: £0.1 million).  The total outstanding at 
the year-end was £11.4 million (2019: £10.6 million).  These loans have been impaired to £0.4 million 
(2019: £0.5 million). 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Y/E Debtor 

Further loans made 

Interest charged 

b)  Group 

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

31.12.2020 

31.12.2019 

£’000 

448 

164 

653 

£’000 

514 

98 

603 

RPFL received from EdS full repayment of its loan during the prior year totalling £1.1 million. The interest 
rate on prior year’s accrued interest was zero, the effective prior interest rate (on principal and accrued 
interest) was nil.   

27.  CONTROL 

The Directors consider that the ultimate controlling party is Sterling Trust Limited on the basis of their 53.9% 
shareholding in the Company. 

28.  POST BALANCE SHEET DATE EVENTS 

The COVID-19 pandemic spread globally in Quarter 1 2020.  Widespread measures have continued to be 
implemented globally by governments to control the virus and to support economies in the markets where the 
Group operates.  However, it remains uncertain whether those measures will be successful in the long-term 
eradication  of  the  virus  or  in  achieving  a  full  recovery  in  those  economies  and  over  what  timescale.    The 
magnitude and duration of the disruption and decline in business in the markets in which Rurelec operates is 
uncertain. 

The Argentinian Government imposed a tight lockdown on 19 March 2020.  Argentina’s Government, viewing 
EdS’s  output  as  an essential service, issued  instructions  whereby  the  power  plant  should  operate  with the 
smallest  number  of people  possible, covering  operational shifts  and preventive  cleaning work  with specific 
teams. All but essential staff have been working remotely and not been coming to the plant unless there is an 
equipment-related problem to address at the plant. A wide range of preventative measure were implemented 
to protect and safeguard staff.  Furthermore, the importance of EdS in the generation of electricity in the Chubut 
province means that its output remains strategically important and a high priority for CAMMESA.  

Notwithstanding  the  above,  it  is  still  not  considered  possible  to  estimate  the  long-term  financial  impact  of 
COVID-19 on the Argentinian economy at the present time, nor to anticipate the economic and fiscal measures 
that the Argentinian Government will impose in response. The pandemic is considered a non-adjusting balance 
sheet event.   

As announced on 9 September 2021, Termoelectrica del Norte SA, an indirectly held 100% subsidiary, agreed 
the sale of its Frame 6B, originally purchased for the Arica project. for $1.0 million. At the time of signing of the 
financial statements, £73k/ $100k has been received, the balance is due on completion, expected to be before 
30 November 2021. Please refer to Note 1b.  

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COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors 
A.H. Coveney (Executive) 
P. Shackleton (Non-Executive) 

Secretary 
M J. Bravo Quiterio 

Company number 
4812855 

Registered office and business address 
5 St. John’s Lane 
London 
EC1M 4BH 

Auditor 
BDO LLP 
55 Baker Street 
London 
W1U 7EU 

Bankers 
Barclays Bank plc 
1 Churchill Place 
London 
E14 5HP 

61