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FY2015 Annual Report · Rurelec
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241395 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1  15/07/2016  16:20  Page 1

RURELEC PLC

18 Soho Square, London W1H 3QL

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7025 8026

8/

Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

ANNUAL REPORT  
AND ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Stock code: RUR

 
COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors
S.C. Morris (Executive)

B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)

Secretary
S.A. Laker

Company number
4812855

Registered office and business address
18 Soho Square

London

W1D 3QL

Auditor
Grant Thornton UK LLP

Registered Auditors

Chartered Accountants

Grant Thornton House

Melton Street

Euston Square

London

NW1 2EP

Bankers
Coutts & Co

440 Strand

London

WC2R 0QS

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WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC

RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER, DEVELOPER AND
OPERATOR OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
INTERNATIONALLY.

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership and development of power generation
facilities on national and regional grids and in isolated areas, selling wholesale electricity as
a generator on commercial terms, through capacity payments or power purchase
agreements (“PPAs”). 

Our current business is centred on our operational plant in Argentina whilst also seeking
to sell the remainder of the small hydro portfolio in Peru and to complete the development
of our larger project in Chile.

CONTENTS
Strategic Report
Non-executive Director’s Statement
Review of Financial Performance
Review of Operations

Our Governance
Board of Directors
Director’s Report
Corporate Governance Statement

Our Financials
Independent Auditor’s Report
Consolidated Income Statement
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Parent Company Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Company Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Financial Statements
Company Information

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IBC

Read more online at 
www.rurelec.com

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT

01
01

The Company has fortunately been able to secure two bridging 
facilities for a total of £1,200,000 from Bridge Properties 
(Arena Central) Limited against security of a debenture over the 
Company’s assets. The board’s intention is that the facilities will 
be repaid from asset sales. Pending the outcome of potential 
asset sales, it is hoped to take further decisions on an appropriate 
structure for the board going forward. Simon Morris has carried 
a heavy burden of responsibility since his appointment in July 
last year following the departure of the former executive board 
members and then subsequently of Mark Keegan.

Providing that the Group manages to retain value from its core 
assets, the focus is to ensure that the Company is able to 
settle its creditors before determining future direction to allow 
shareholders to benefi t from the existing asset base. Following 
the necessary disposals currently under negotiation, a leaner 
company unburdened with debt will be better placed to negotiate 
with partners to determine the future.

We remain focused on delivering this objective.

Brian Rowbotham
Non-executive Director
 15 July, 2016 

Dear Shareholder
It is my duty to present the results of Rurelec PLC (“Rurelec”) for 
the fi nancial year ended 31 December 2015, which once again 
was a diffi cult year whilst the Company sought to sell its small 
hydro portfolio in Peru. The fi rst plant, Canchayllo, was sold in 
May 2015 and it is expected that the remaining development will 
be sold in the coming months.

During the year a cost reduction exercise was implemented to 
preserve the more viable assets in Argentina and Chile. The 
separation from the Group of The Independent Power Corporation 
PLC in June last year removed over £500,000 per annum of 
overheads from the Group.

Outlook
The prime focus of the board is to stabilise the fi nancial position of 
the Group. Following the setback of the compensation award from 
Bolivia in June 2014 a re-evaluation and revised risk assessment 
of the portfolio of small hydros in Peru concluded that it was 
too complex to develop for the modest returns it was likely to 
yield against the signifi cant risks involved and subsequently the 
decision was taken to disinvest in hydros in Peru resulting in 
further losses for the Group.

Reforms following the change of government in Argentina are only 
now starting to emerge but hope remains that this market is set 
to improve and encourage new investment as the Central Bank 
controls that have overshadowed the last few years have made it 
impossible for our joint venture to repatriate any interest payments 
on Rurelec’s loans that enabled the construction of the CCGT 
at Energía del Sur in Comodoro Rivadavia, Patagonia. President 
Mauricio Macri who came to offi ce in December 2015 has 
adopted investment friendly policies focussed on infrastructure 
development. Rurelec’s signifi cant investment in Argentina over 
the past decade has resulted in a fl agship project at Energia 
del Sur, which is a thermal plant believed to be one of the most 
reliable in Argentina. It operates under an enhanced value U.S 
dollar denominated contract with some four years still remaining 
before renegotiation of contracts, as well as generating to the spot 
market, which is Argentine Peso based.

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02
02

STRATEGIC REPORT

Strategy
The current strategy for the Group has been determined by its 
fi nancial position, the reasons for which are set out in more detail 
below. The Group will dispose of certain assets, in particular the 
hydro portfolio in Peru. The level of ongoing development work 
has been severely restricted due to the Group’s fi nancial position. 
On completion of certain asset sales, the Group can return to a 
stable fi nancial footing, and creditors in Rurelec, who have been 
very patient can be paid. The Board will then decide whether 
certain unfi nished development work, such as the Central Illapa 
project in Chile, can be completed. Throughout this period, all 
costs will be kept to a minimum.

The overall strategy is to stabilise the fi nancial position of the 
Group, to enable the Board to realise as much value for the asset 
portfolio (including further development work where appropriate), 
and return that value to shareholders.

Liquidity
When I joined the Board in July 2015, I was assured that the cash 
position of the Group was stable, and that further funding was 
to be made available. The Canchayllo hydro plant in Peru had 
recently been sold, and the proceeds had been utilised to pay 
down certain creditors. A new funding facility of US $7.5 million 
was under discussion from a third party lender.

The new funding facility did not materialise, and the Group was 
then in a position where a creditor backlog existed, and free 
cash fl ows within the Group were not able to service ongoing 
administration costs. As a result, the Board proposed an Open 
Offer to shareholders, which, had it proceeded, would have raised 
enough liquidity to settle all outstanding creditors in Rurelec and 
provide working capital for the Group going forward. A short-term 
facility of £600,000 was negotiated with Radix Investments UK 
Limited (“Radix”) to enable the Group to put the Open Offer to 
shareholders.

At the General Meeting held on 30 November 2015, the Open 
Offer was rejected by shareholders. Prior to the General Meeting, 
Rurelec’s major shareholder, Sterling Trust Limited, entered into 
Administration on 19 October 2015. The ongoing funding of the 
Group was now a critical issue.

On 17 February 2016, a facility of £850,000 was agreed with 
Bridge Properties (Arena Central) Limited (“BPAC”) (which was 
extended by a further facility of £350,000 on 13 April 2016). I 
was a director of BPAC at the time (I subsequently resigned from 
BPAC on 7 June 2016). A large part of the new facility was utilised 
to repay the Radix loan. Despite this new facility, the cash position 
of the Group remains critical. Although our plant in Argentina in 
Comodoro Rivadavia continues to operate profi tably, it has been 
very diffi cult to repatriate cash to the UK to repay loans due to 
pressures on the working capital cycle in Argentina.

It is clear to me that the Group has not been adequately funded 
for some considerable time, not just the last 12 months. You will 
all be aware of the signifi cant setbacks the Group suffered on 
the compensation award from Bolivia in June 2014. Since that 
period, the Group has relied on short-term fi nance arrangements 
to enable it to continue to trade. This included taking on short-
term borrowings at interest rates of 12 per cent. to fund the 

development of the hydro portfolio in Peru. The funding was 
wholly inappropriate as development fi nance, and much of this 
funding remains outstanding today. Many creditors in Rurelec 
have outstanding balances stretching back over a year. The poor 
cash position of the Group is a legacy of inappropriate funding 
entered into in previous years, and decisions to carry on certain 
developments without the necessary funding in place.

Management team
The last year has seen very signifi cant change in the management 
team. None of the executive directors in offi ce in January 2015 
remained on the Board following the Annual General Meeting on 
14 July 2015. I was appointed on 19 July 2015, along with Mark 
Keegan, as executive directors. Mr Keegan resigned from offi ce 
on 14 December 2015 following the rejection of the Open Offer.

Of the non-executive directors, only Brian Rowbotham remains. 
Colin Emson, who was non-executive Chairman of both Rurelec 
and Sterling Trust Limited, resigned on 13 October 2015. Pablo 
Galante was not re-elected at the AGM and Marcelo Blanco also 
resigned during the year.

Only Brian Rowbotham and I remain on the Board. I would like to 
thank Brian for his continued support through what has been an 
extremely diffi cult time for your Company.

Financial results
Although the operating loss for the year of £ 21.9 million is  higher 
than that incurred last year (2014: £7. 4 million), the overall loss 
before tax for the year of £20.0 million is signifi cantly worse than 
that reported for last year (2014: £2.9 million). The overall loss 
refl ects signifi cant write downs on a number of the Group’s assets 
to values that the directors believe can be supported in current 
market conditions and given the overall fi nancial position of the 
Group.

Since the year end, the Group has been in advanced negotiations 
for the sale of certain assets. At the time of this report there can 
be no guarantee that these sales will conclude.

Until there is a disposal of assets the Group is dependent upon 
the continued forbearance of its creditors. There exists a material 
uncertainty as to the timing and the quantum of these receipts. 
The Directors are, in the meantime, pursuing alternative sources 
of working capital until disposal receipts are assured, none of 
which have been secured yet. Additionally some cash has been 
repatriated from our joint venture operation in Argentina, however 
this has been materially below forecast fi gures for the fi rst six 
months of this year.

Key performance indicators
The Directors use a range of performance indicators to monitor 
progress in the delivery of the Group’s strategic objectives, 
to assess actual performance against targets and to aid 
management of the businesses.

Rurelec’s key performance indicators (“KPIs”) include both 
fi nancial and non-fi nancial targets which are set annually.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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03

Financial KPIs
Financial KPIs address operating profi tability, net asset value and 
earnings per share.

i) Operating profi tability
Operating  loss excludes all non-operating costs, such as fi nancing 
and tax expenses as well as one-off items and non trading items 
such as negative goodwill. The exclusion of these non-operating 
items provides an indication of the performance of the underlying 
businesses. The Group made a loss of £ 21.9 million in the year 
(2014 £7. 4 million loss).

iii) Technical availability
Technical availability measures when a plant is available for 
dispatch. The measurement method excludes time allowed for 
planned maintenance activities which occur at regular intervals 
during the life of the unit plus an allowance for unplanned outages. 
Unplanned and forced outages in excess of the annual allowance 
will cause a reduction in the technical availability factor. Average 
availability through the year for our plant in Argentina was 94.4 
per cent due to a schedule maintenance outage (2014: 96.0 per 
cent), making the plant one of the most reliable in the Argentine 
interconnected system.

ii) Net asset value
Net asset value is calculated by dividing funds attributable to 
Rurelec’s shareholders by the number of shares in issue. The net 
assets of the Group reduced in the year to 6.8 pence per share 
(2014 10.1 pence per share).

iii) Earnings per share
Earnings per share provide a measure of the overall profi tability 
of the Group. It is defi ned as the profi t or loss attributable to each 
Ordinary Share based on the consolidated profi t or loss for the 
year after deducting tax and minority interests. Growth in earnings 
per share is indicative of the Group’s ability to identify and add 
value. The Group made a loss of 3.57 pence per share in the year 
(2014 loss of 0.52 pence per share) and hence there were no 
positive earnings per share.

Non-Financial KPIs
Non-fi nancial KPIs address other important technical aspects of 
the business, such as gross capacity, operating effi ciency and 
availability.

i) Gross capacity
Gross capacity is the total generation capacity owned by 
Group companies and is affected by acquisitions, expansion 
programmes and disposals. The Group reduced capacity in the 
year by selling the 5.3 MW Canchayllo run-of-river hydro plant but 
continues to own three turbines ready for deployment in projects, 
although it is expected that local opposition to the Arica project in 
Chile is likely to lead to the turbine being deployed elsewhere.

ii) Operating effi ciency
Operating effi ciency is the average operating effi ciency of the 
generating plant owned by Group companies. It can be improved 
through the installation of more thermally effi cient turbines, 
refurbishment activities or through conversion to combined cycle 
operation. No change was noted in the operating effi ciency of the 
Group in the year.

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04

REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

Rurelec Chile
The development operations in Chile have expensed limited direct 
costs in the year of £139k (2014: £82k). Capitalised development 
costs have accumulated to £ 1.1 million (2014: £0.9 million) 
on both the Central Illapa and Arica projects. In 2015 the Arica 
project was impaired by £2.3m (2014: £0). The Central Illapa 
project was not impaired in 2015 or 2014.

Cascade Hydro Power
In Peru, the Canchayllo run-of-river hydro plant was sold on 14th 
May 2015 for a total sum of US $6.8 million of which US $0.3 
million was due to a minority shareholder and the payment to the 
Group of US $6.5 million was received from the purchaser on 
20 July 2015. Additionally there remains an outstanding amount 
due from the purchaser of US $1.0 million. The bank loans from 
the Corporacion Interamericana de Inversion (“IIC”) relating to the 
construction of the plant were assigned to the purchaser.

Rurelec has outstanding loans of £1.1 million (2014: £9.5 million) 
to the Cascade group at the period end. The other assets of 
the Cascade group include £2.1 million (2014: £3.2 million) of 
bonds held by the Ministry of Minerals and Energy in connection 
with development projects. The development project bonds for 
the Huasicancha and Chilcay projects have been forfeited due 
to the inability of the Cascade group to continue to meet the 
development hurdles to maintain these projects in good standing.

Group Results
The Group loss after tax for the fi nancial year under review is 
£20.0 million (2014: £2.9 million loss). Most of the losses or 
£17.6 million were associated with impairments and loss on 
disposals. The impairment losses were £13.3 million for Argentina 
operations, £2.3 million for Chilean operations, £1.7 million from 
the disposal of Independent Power Corporation and £0.2 million 
for Peruvian operations.

The results for the operations in Argentina, Peru, Chile and for IPC 
before disposal are shown below.

Group revenue was £0.2 million (2014: £0.3 million), there was 
no write off of accrued income (2104: £3.1 million. Cost of Sales 
were £22k (2014: £231k) Operating and Administrative expenses 
amounted to £4.4 million (2014: £3.8 million). Operating loss was 
£ 21.9 million (2014: £7. 4 million loss). The loss before tax is £20.0 
million (2014: £2.9 million loss). The basic loss per share is 3.57p 
(2014: 0.52p loss). In 2015, the total assets of £ 44.1 million 
(2014: £74.8 million) includes assets of £ 3.6 million (2014: £18.2 
million), which are held for sale. Total equity stands at £ 37.5 
million (2014: £56.8 million), or 6. 8 pence per share (2014: 10.1 
pence per share).

A more detailed analysis of the business entities is given below.

Energia del Sur S.A. Results
At the operating level the plant in Comodoro Rivadavia and 
therefore based on 100 per cent. of Energia del Sur S.A.’s 
(“EdS’s”) activities the net operating profi t for the year was AR$ 
67.5 million (2014: AR$ 80.7 million) on revenues of AR$ 261.6 
million (2014: AR$ 231.0 million), whilst the gross operating profi t 
was AR$ 100.7 million (2014: AR$ 104.3 million). The  net loss for 
the year in EdS to AR$ 49.6 million (2014: profi t AR$ 0.6 million) 
was due to foreign exchange losses of AR$ 85.0 million (2014: 
AR$ 45.2 million).

It should be noted that the results of EdS are not shown 
proportionately within the accounts in this annual report. This is 
because of a change in the reporting rules under the international 
accounting convention of the International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRS”) which requires us to report the EdS joint 
venture as a single line in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position and in the Consolidated Income Statement. Further 
information on this can be seen in the Note 2 6 to the accounts 
and in the Review of Operations.

The Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”)
IPC, which was part of the Group until its sale on 18 June 
2015, made a total loss for the period to its disposal of £ 0.5 
million (2014: £4.2 million loss). Additionally there  was a loss on 
disposal of  £1.7  million  (2014: write down of goodwill arising on 
consolidation of £691k).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

05

Argentina
Operations at the power plant continue to allow EdS to show a 
good availability record. Gross energy output was 5.6 per cent. 
lower at approximately 905 GWh (2014: 958 GWh), due to a 
scheduled maintenance outage in November and December. 
The average heat rate of the plant was 8.37 MMBTU/MWh 
(2014: 8.33). The average heat rate for the plant includes fuel 
consumption on both the gas turbines and auxiliary fi ring of the 
steam turbine.

The following table sets out the Group’s share of its interest in the 
joint venture in Argentina following the changes in the accounting 
for joint ventures to the equity accounting method:

Year ended   Year ended
31.12.14
£’000

31.12.15 
£’000 

9,099 

(6,765) 

(2,956) 

(1,725) 

5,284 

2,902 

(1,658) 

(7,212) 

8,611

(5,579)

(1,674)

42

7,848

4,312

(3,076)

(8,207)

Revenue attributable to the Group 

Expenses 

Foreign Currency Exchange 

Net (Loss) Profi t 

Non-current Assets 

Current Assets 

Non-current Liabilities 

Current Liabilities 

Chile

Arica
Very disappointing local opposition has been raised against the 
Arica project and the board is seriously considering deploying the 
turbine acquired for the project elsewhere. Although the Company 
believes that the project is needed in the region, the risk of trying 
to deliver the project and the funds put at risk in doing so do not 
merit continuing. Funding for the project is unavailable in these 
circumstances and efforts to sell the project with planning consent 
have failed. An application has therefore been made to the state 
asset bureau for a refund of the purchase price for the land and a 
buyer is to be sought for the turbine unless it can be redeployed. 
Given the uncertainty for the future of the project in impairment 
charge of £2.3 million has been recorded in the year.

Central Illapa
The project has continued to make some progress in 
development. In April 2016, the project received environmental 
consent for the re-routing of the transmission line that will connect 
the plant to the main grid. This has enabled further discussion 
to take place with the potential joint venture partners who have 
been identifi ed and expressed interest and when a joint venture 
partnership has been concluded, this will allow the project to 
move to fi nancial close.

Peru
The 5.3 MW Canchayllo plant was sold in May 2015 to Energías 
Renovables de los Andes, S.A., a subsidiary of Union Group of 
Uruguay. The Group has retained a presence in Lima to maintain 
the development rights and manage the sale of the 12.05 MW 
Colca project in the province of Huancayo on the Junin River for 
which performance bonds have been lodged and negotiations 
have commenced with a prospective purchaser. If the purchaser 
completes the purchase this will enable the proceeds from the 
release of bonds back to Rurelec. Bonds in respect of the other 
two development projects Chilcay and Huasicancha have been 
forfeited because of the decision of the board not to pursue 
marginal projects.

The large Santa Rita 255 MW project rights are retained by 
Cascade Hydro Power SAC but contrary to expectation, to date 
no tender for large hydro PPA’s has been announced. When this 
occurs, there would be an opportunity to work with or sell the 
project rights to a strong partner active in the large scale hydro 
sector.

Principal risks and uncertainties
The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group, apart from 
the construction risks involved in building the hydro plant in Peru 
and possible changes in demand and pricing for electricity in the 
markets in South America in which the Group operates, relate to 
political risk and uncertainties in the fi nancial markets.

a)  Political risk – As evidenced by the decision in May 2010 by 
the Government of Bolivia to nationalise the Group’s interest 
in Guaracachi, there exists signifi cant political risk in areas in 
which the Group operates.

b)  Financial markets – Whilst project fi nance may be available 
in the markets in which the Group operates, the Group’s 
plans remain dependent on raising project fi nance from a 
combination of local partners and lending institutions. The 
Group is seeking to broaden its base of potential partners and 
lending institutions.

c)  Exposure to foreign currency – The Group’s activities are 
in South America and therefore the Group’s results will be 
affected by exchange rate movements and local infl ation 
rates. Furthermore, past experience has shown that exchange 
controls restrictions can sometimes be applied and these may 
have an impact on the Group’s ability to repatriate funds to 
the parent company. The Group seeks to limit these risks by 
raising funds in the currency of the operating units.

d)  Effi cient operation – The Group has an effective maintenance 

programme and has entered into long term service agreements 
to reduce these risks as appropriate.

The Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on  15 July, 
2016 and was signed on its behalf by Simon Morris (Executive Director).

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06

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

BRIAN ROWBOTHAM
Non-Executive Director – appointed 16 October 2013
Brian is the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director and 
Chairman of the Audit Committee. He worked as a Chartered 
Accountant with Deloitte and Touche. He has extensive 
experience working in the City of London, joined Teather and 
Greenwood in 1997 and was involved as partner and then Finance 
Director in the company’s fl otation on AIM and subsequent move 
to the Offi cial List. He ran his own consultancy specialising in 
turnarounds and start-ups until joining Hitchens, Harrison & Co 
plc in January 2005. He left Hichens, Harrison & Co plc after its 
acquisition by Religare in 2008. Brian is a Fellow of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

SIMON MORRIS
Executive Director – appointed 19 July 2015
Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England 
and Wales, qualifi ed as a Chartered Accountant in 1980. After 
obtaining a degree in Business Studies, spent his career with 
Grant Thornton and became a partner in 1988. He specialised in 
corporate fi nance and corporate recovery, principally restructuring 
work. He was appointed Chief Operating Offi cer of Grant Thornton 
UK in 2008, retiring in late 2011. Since then he has acted as a 
business consultant. He is also an accredited mediator.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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DIRECTOR’S REPORT

07
07

THE DIRECTORS SUBMIT THEIR 
ANNUAL REPORT TOGETHER 
WITH THE AUDITED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER, 2015.

Principal activities
The Company and the Group’s principal activity is the acquisition, 
development and operation of power generation assets in markets 
in Latin America.

Since the Company’s admission to AIM in August 2004, the 
Company has acquired interests in power generation operations 
in Bolivia and Argentina and, since 2012, has commenced 
development of assets in Peru and Chile.

Results and dividends
The Group results for the year ended 31 December, 2015 are 
set out in the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive 
Income.

No dividend was paid during the year to 31 December, 2015 
(2014: nil).

Share capital
Details of the issued share capital are set out in Note 20.

Going concern
Since the year end, the Company has been in advanced 
negotiations for prospective sales of Group assets in two separate 
jurisdictions in South America. At the time of this report there 
can be no guarantee that these sales will conclude.   There exists 
 uncertainty as to the timing of the sales of these assets as well 
as the quantum of the corresponding proceeds. The Company 
expects to make announcements as necessary regarding the 
progress of these sales in the near future. 

Until there is a disposal of assets, the Company is dependent 
on the continued forbearance of its creditors as it will require 
additional funds within the next twelve months. The Directors 
are pursuing alternative sources of working capital until disposal 
receipts are assured, none of these have been assured yet. These 
conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty that 
may cast signifi cant doubt over the group’s ability to continue as 
a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realise 
its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of 
business. On the basis that the Group receives these disposal 
proceeds or the alternative sources of working capital, the 
Directors have assessed that the Group would have suffi cient 
working capital based on their review of cashfl ow forecasts for 
a period of at least 12 months from the signing of the fi nancial 
statements. 

 Directors

The following Directors served during the year:

Colin Emson – Chairman and Non-Executive Director (resigned 
13 October 2015)

Peter Earl – Chief Executive (resigned 19 June 2015)

Andrew Morris – Group Finance Director (resigned 14 July 2015)

Elizabeth Shaw – Executive Director Project Finance (resigned 
14 July 2015)

Marcelo Blanco – Non-Executive Director (resigned 31 October 
2015)

Brian Rowbotham – Non-Executive Director

Pablo Galante – Non-Executive Director (appointed 9 April 2015 
– resigned 14 July 2015)

Simon Morris – Executive Director (appointed 19 July 2015)

Mark Keegan – Executive Director (appointed 19 July 2015 – 
resigned 14 December 2015)

Directors’ interests
The Directors’ benefi cial interests in the shares of the Company 
were on the reference dates as stated below:

A.J.S. Morris

P.R.S. Earl

E.R. Shaw

 14. 07.2016

31.12.2015

31.12.2014

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

737,700

7,000,000

325,000

Brian Rowbotham

450,000

450,000

450,000

Pablo Galante

n/a

n/a

n/a

Signifi cant shareholdings in the Company
In addition to the shareholdings shown above, the Company 
is aware of the following interests of 3 per cent. or more in the 
issued ordinary share capital of the Company notifi able at  14 July 
2016, being the last practicable date for reporting this information.

Sterling Trust Ltd

YF Finance Ltd

Number of 

shares % holding

303,092,303

96,565,166

53.989

17.201

HSBC Client Holdings Nominees 
(UK) Limited

16,884,673

3.008

The percentages shown are based on 561,387,586 shares in 
issue.

Risk management and objectives
The fi nancial risk management policies and objectives are set out 
in Note 29.

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08

DIRECTOR’S REPORT

Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, 
the Directors’ Report, Annual Report and the fi nancial statements 
in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to prepare fi nancial 
statements for each fi nancial year. Under that law the Directors 
have to prepare the fi nancial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted 
by the European Union. Under company law, the Directors must 
not approve the fi nancial statements unless they are satisfi ed that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and profi t or 
loss of the Company and Group for that period. In preparing these 
fi nancial statements, the Directors are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them 

consistently;

The Directors confi rm that:

• 

• 

• 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s 
auditors are unaware; and

the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken 
to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information 
and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information.

the Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity 
of the corporate and fi nancial information included on the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of fi nancial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditor
Pursuant to Section 489 of the Companies Act of the Companies 
Act 2006, the auditors are Grant Thornton UK LLP.

•  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable 

and prudent;

On behalf of the Board

•  state whether applicable IFRSs have been followed, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the fi nancial 
statements;

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
 15 July, 2016

•  prepare the fi nancial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will 
continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are suffi cient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the fi nancial position of the Company and enable them to ensure 
that the fi nancial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets 
of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

09
09

Policy Statement
The Board is committed to applying high standards of corporate 
governance and integrity to all our activities. The Company 
is not required by the rules of the AIM market of the London 
Stock Exchange to comply with the UK Corporate Governance 
Code (the “Code”) and the Board recognises that it does not do 
so. However, the Board has been briefed on the Code and is 
accountable to the Company’s shareholders for good corporate 
governance and therefore seeks to draw on those aspects of the 
Code that are relevant to the Group. We do not comply with the 
Code in so far as appropriate for a company of its size.

Internal Controls
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s systems of internal 
control. Whilst no risk management process or systems of internal 
control can completely eliminate the risk of material misstatement 
or loss, the Group’s systems are designed to provide the Directors 
with reasonable assurance that problems are identifi ed in a timely 
manner and dealt with appropriately. The Board considers that 
there have been no substantial weaknesses in fi nancial controls 
resulting in material loss, contingencies or uncertainties to be 
disclosed in the accounts. The Board has considered the need 
for an internal audit function and has concluded that there is no 
current need for such a function.

Board Composition and Independence
Subject to the Articles of Association, UK legislation and any 
directions given by special resolution, the business of the Group 
is managed by the Board. The Board currently comprises two 
members made up of a Non-Executive Director, and an Executive 
Director. The Board is responsible for providing leadership to the 
management of the Group, determining strategy and ensuring 
that agreed strategy is implemented as well as approving major 
capital expenditure, potential acquisitions and fi nancial matters. 
The Board meets regularly and has a schedule of business 
reserved to it including raising new capital, entering into fi nancing 
facilities for projects, treasury policies and approval of annual 
operating budgets and monitoring of key risks. The Board met 28 
times during 2015. All Directors have access to the advice of the 
Company Secretary who is responsible to the Board for ensuring 
that Board procedures are complied with and that discussions 
and decisions are appropriately minuted. External advice is also 
available to the Directors at the Group’s expense if they consider 
it necessary.

The Non-Executive Director is Brian Rowbotham who is regarded 
by the Board as independent in character and judgement.

The Executive Director is Simon Morris. All Directors are involved 
in signifi cant decisions.

The Board received appropriate information and a formal agenda 
before each Board meeting.

The Company has in place appropriate procedures to deal with 
confl icts of interest.

The Company maintains directors’ and offi cers’ liability insurance 
against any claims which may be made against the directors and 
offi cers of the Company.

Shareholder Relations
The Group values the views of its shareholders and recognises 
their interest in the Group’s strategy and performance, Board 
membership and quality of management. It therefore holds 
regular meetings with and gives presentations to its institutional 
shareholders to discuss objectives.

The Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) is used to communicate with 
private investors with whom dialogue is encouraged. Additional 
information is supplied through the circulation of the interim report 
and the Annual Report and Accounts. The Company maintains 
up-to-date information on the investor section of its website 
www.rurelec.com.

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises Brian Rowbotham as Chairman 
of the Committee, and Simon Morris. Mr Rowbotham and 
Mr. Morris are both accountants and have recent and relevant 
fi nancial and commercial experience.

The Committee’s remit is to review fi nancial reporting practices, 
internal fi nancial controls and internal and external audit policy 
including the appointment of the Company’s Auditor. During the 
year, the Audit Committee met twice to review the draft half year 
and annual fi nancial statements.

The current year is the sixth year that Christopher Smith, the audit 
partner of the Group’s external auditors, Grant Thornton UK LLP, 
has been in post as Senior Statutory Auditor. In normal course 
there would have been a rotation of Senior Statutory Auditor 
after fi ve years’ service. The Audit Committee felt, however, that, 
given the changes occurred in the Company’s management and 
board of directors during the year, it was important to maintain 
continuity of Senior Statutory Auditor for a further year. The 
Audit Committee is satisfi ed that this extension does not in any 
way prejudice the objectivity and independence of the Senior 
Statutory Auditor. The Audit Committee is due to conduct a full 
review of the effectiveness of the external audit process following 
the completion of the year-end process and will consider the 
appointment or the reappointment of the Senior Statutory Auditor 
in light of its fi ndings.

Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee comprises Brian Rowbotham who 
reviews the remuneration policy for the Executive Director and for 
key management personnel. The Executive Director determines 
the remuneration arrangements for the Non-Executive Director. 
No Director may participate in decisions regarding his or her own 
remuneration. Details of the Directors’ remuneration can be found 
in Note 8c.

Appointment of Directors
The Nomination Committee presently comprises Brian 
Rowbotham. The Committee is responsible for monitoring the 
composition of the Board and meets to make recommendations 
to the Board on all new Board appointments and succession 
planning. The Board has not used external consultants in the 
appointment of Directors. All Directors are subject to re-election 
by shareholders in accordance with the Company’s Articles of 
Association.

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10
10

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Statement of Non-Compliance
The Board recognises that the Company does not comply with 
the Code. The Committees of the Board (Audit, Nomination and 
Remuneration Committees) are not compliant with the Code: 
Simon Morris, who is an Executive Director sits on the Audit 
Committee and the Remuneration and Nomination Committees 
which do not have suffi cient members to comply with the Code 
requirements.

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
 15  July, 2016 

Health, Safety and Environmental Protection 
Policy
The Group is committed to compliance with all relevant laws 
and regulations and continues to assess its operations to ensure 
protection of the environment, the community and the health 
and safety of its employees. The Group maintains appropriate 
procedures to ensure that all activities are carried out in 
compliance with safety regulations, in a culture where the safety 
of personnel is paramount and which recognises environmental 
sustainability and respect for cultural and heritage issues.

Share Dealing Code
The Company has a Share Dealing Code which covers dealings 
by Persons Discharging Managerial Responsibilities (“PDMRs”). 
The Company’s code complies with the provisions of the Code 
and restricts dealings in shares during designated closed periods 
and at any time when they are in possession of unpublished price 
sensitive information.

AIM Rule Compliance
Rurelec PLC is quoted on AIM and, as a result, the Group has 
complied with the AIM Rules, in particular AIM Rule 31 which 
requires the following:

•  ensure that there are suffi cient systems, procedures and 

controls in place to enable compliance with the AIM Rules.

•  seek advice from the Nominated Advisor (“NOMAD”) regarding 
compliance with the AIM Rules whenever necessary and take 
that advice into consideration.

•  provide the NOMAD with any information which it reasonably 
requests in order for the NOMAD to fulfi l its responsibilities 
under the AIM Rules for Nominated Advisors including any 
proposed changes to the Board and provision of draft RNS 
notifi cations in advance.

•  ensure that each Director accepts full responsibility, collectively 

and individually for compliance with the AIM Rules.

•  ensure that each Director discloses without delay all 

information which the Group should disclose to comply 
with the AIM Rules, in particular AIM Rule 17 (Disclosure of 
Miscellaneous Information) insofar as that information is known 
to the Director or could be reasonably ascertained by the 
Director.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

TO THE MEMBERS OF RURELEC PLC

11
11

 We have audited the fi nancial statements of Rurelec plc for the 
year ended 31 December 2015 which comprise the group income 
statement, the group statement of comprehensive income, the  
group and parent company statements fi nancial position, the 
group and parent company statements of cash fl ow,  the group 
and parent company statements of changes in equity and the 
related notes. The fi nancial reporting framework that has been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the 
European Union and, as regards the parent company fi nancial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Act 2006.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, 
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, 
or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and 
auditor
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities Statement 
set out on pages  8 and  9, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the fi nancial statements and for being satisfi ed that 
they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and 
express an opinion on the fi nancial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and 
Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing 
Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the fi nancial statements
A description of the scope of an audit of fi nancial statements is 
provided on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at 
www.frc.org.uk/auditscopeukprivate.

Opinion on fi nancial statements
In our opinion:

• 

• 

• 

the fi nancial statements give a true and fair view of the state 
of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 
31 December 2015 and of the group’s loss for the year then 
ended;

the group fi nancial statements have been properly prepared in 
accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union;

the parent company fi nancial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union and as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

• 

the fi nancial statements have been prepared in accordance 
with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Emphasis of matter – Going concern
In forming our opinion on the fi nancial statements, which is not 
modifi ed, we have considered the adequacy of the disclosure 
made in note 1b to the fi nancial statements concerning the 
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

As explained in note 1b, since the year end the company has 
been in advanced negotiations for prospective sales of Group 
assets in two separate jurisdictions in South America. At the 
time of this report there can be no guarantee that these sales 
will conclude. Until there is a disposal of the group’s assets, the 
group is dependent on the continued forbearance of its creditors 
as it will require additional funds within the next twelve months. 
There exists a material uncertainty as to the timing and quantum 
of these receipts. The Directors are pursuing alternative sources of 
working capital until disposal receipts are assured, none of which 
have been assured.

These conditions, along with the other matters explained in note 
1b to the fi nancial statements, indicate the existence of a material 
uncertainty that may cast signifi cant doubt over the group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern. The fi nancial statements do not 
include the adjustments that would result if the group was unable 
to continue as a going concern.

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the 
Companies Act 2006
In our opinion the information given in the Strategic Report 
and Directors’ Report for the fi nancial year for which the 
fi nancial statements are prepared is consistent with the fi nancial 
statements.

Matters on which we are required to report by 
exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters 
where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in 
our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 

parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or

• 

the parent company fi nancial statements are not in agreement 
with the accounting records and returns; or

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specifi ed by law 

are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we 

require for our audit.

Christopher Smith
Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants
London
Date: 15 July 2016

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12

CONSOLIDATED INCOME 
STATEMENT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Revenue

Write off of Accrued Income

Cost of Sales

Gross Profit

Administrative Expenses

 Other Expense

 Operating Loss

Share of Joint Venture Profit/(Loss) 

Foreign Exchange (Losses)/Gains

Finance Income

Finance Expense

Loss before Tax

Tax Expense 

Loss for the year attributable to owner of the Company

Earnings per Share 

Basic Loss per Share

Diluted Loss per Share

NOTES

4

15

6

7

 9,b,c&d

 26

9a

10

10

11

12

 YEAR ENDED 
31.12.15
£’000

            179 

–

            (22)

          157 

       (4,435)

      (17,572)

        (21,850)

    –

          (106)

         2,385

         (458) 

     (20,029)

              (3)

     (20,032)

(3.57)

(3.57)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14 
£’000

303 

(3,219)

   (231)

       (3,147)

(3,832)

 (392)

 (7,371)

 –

   2,180 

   2,567 

   (312)

(2,936)

       (8)

(2,944)

(0.52)

(0.52)

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

13

Loss for the year

Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the year:

Items that will be subsequently Reclassified to Profit & Loss:

Exchange Differences on translation of Foreign Operations

Total Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(20,032)

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.14
£’000

(2,944)

    999 

    999

(2,249)

(2,249)

Total Comprehensive Loss for year attributable to owners of the Company

(19,033)

(5,193)

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14

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015 

COMPANY NUMBER  4812855

Assets

Non-current assets

Property, Plant and Equipment

Intangible Assets

Trade and Other Receivables

Investment in Joint Venture

Current Assets

Trade and Other Receivables

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Assets classified as held for Sale

Total Assets

Equity and Liabilities

Shareholders’ Equity

Share Capital

Share Premium Account

Foreign Currency Reserve

Share Option Reserve

Other Reserves

Special Non-distributable Reserve

Retained Earnings

Total Equity attributable to shareholders of Rurelec PLC

Non-controlling interests

Total Equity

Current Liabilities

Trade and Other Payables

Current Tax Liabilities

Borrowings

Liabilities classified as held for Sale

Total Liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.14
£’000

14

15

16a

26

16b

18

32

19

20

21

22a

23

24

18

   19,217 

          23 

–

–

    22,169 

      1,321 

    23,212 

–

  19,240 

    46,702 

      20,866

        386 

      9,600 

         283 

3,644

    18,178 

   44,136 

    74,763 

   11,228 

   22,754 

    (2,212)

                 –    

                 –    

   45,000 

  (39,262)

   37,508 

    11,228 

    22,754 

    (3,211)

         146 

      1,050 

    45,000 

  (20,426)

    56,541 

                –    

283    

37,508  

    56,824 

     2,856 

                 –   

        3,054 

     5,910 

      4,423 

           70 

      3,164 

      7,657 

718                     

    10,282 

     6,628

    17,939 

   44,136 

    74,763 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on   15 July, 2016 and were signed on its behalf by Simon Morris 
(Executive Director) and Brian Rowbotham (Non-executive Director).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

15

Assets 

Non-current assets 

Investments 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Current Assets 

Inventories 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Total assets 

Equity and liabilities 

Shareholders’ equity 

Share Capital 

Share Premium Account 

Share Option Reserve 

Other Reserves 

Retained Earnings 

Total Equity 

Current Liabilities 

Trade and Other Payables 

Loans

 YEAR ENDED
31.12.15 
£’000

 YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

 NOTES 

25

16c

18b

16d

18

19

21

20

21

22b

100

–

100

16,195

24,657

386

41,238

     9,755 

     50,599 

     60,354 

     16,195 

            38 

              1 

     16,234 

41,338

     76,588 

11,228

22,754

–

45,000

(41,146)

37,836

2,592

910

3,502

     11,228 

     22,754 

          146 

     45,000 

     (7,521)

     71,607 

       4,981

–

4,981

Total Equity and Liabilities 

41,338

76,588

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on  15 July, 2016 and were signed on its behalf by Simon Morris 
(Executive Directors) and Brian Rowbotham (Non-executive Director).

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16

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash used in Operations

Interest Paid

Taxation Paid

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

27

(5,545)

–

(3)

      (4,890)

         (312)

(8)

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

(5, 548)

     (5,210)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Proceeds from Sale of subsidiary

Sale/(Purchase) of Plant and Equipment

Settlement for Expropriated Assets

Repayments from  Joint  Venture company

Net Cash generated from/(Used in) Investing Activities

4,358 

–  

–

2,417

6,775

–

      (5,135)

      18,863 

        3,381 

      17,109 

Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) before Financing Activities

1,227

      11,899 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Issue of Shares (Net of Costs)

Deferred Consideration

Loan Drawdowns

Loan Principal Repayments

Loan Interest Repayments

Net Cash (Used in)/Generated from Financing Activities

Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents at start of year

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year

–

            468 

(1,237)

1,861

(1,707)

(41)

(1,124)

103

283

386

         (125)

        3,170 

   (18,859)

–

  (15,346)

    (3,447)

        3,730 

            283 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

17

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash (Used in)/Generated from Operations

Net Cash (Used in)/Generated from Operations

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Investment in and Loans to subsidiaries and joint venture company

Loan Repayments by joint venture company

Loan Repayment from subsidiary

Net Cash Generated from/(Used in) Investing Activities

NOTES

 27

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

( 4,070)

( 4,070)

      (4,397)

     (4,397)

(1, 511)

–

5, 407

3, 896

     (2,919)

       3,382 

        3,323 

3,786 

Net Cash Outflow before Financing Activities

( 174)

         (611)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Issue of Shares (Net of Costs)

Loan Drawdowns

Loan Principal Repayments

Loan Interest Repayments

Net Cash Generated from Financing Activities

Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents at start of year

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year

–

1,861

(1, 261)

(41)

 559

385

1

386

           468 

            278 

        (155)

–

591

          (20)

              21 

                1 

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18

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

SHARE
PREMIUM
£’000

NOTE

FOREIGN
CURRENCY
RESERVE
£’000

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

OTHER
RESERVE
£’000

PLANT
RESERVE
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

NON–
CONTROLLING
INTEREST
£’000

TOTAL
EQUITY
£’000

  11,145  67,369

(962)

107

(17,199)

Balance at 1.1.14

Issue of Share

Share Issue Costs

Charge for Share Options

Transfer to Other Reserve

Non-controlling Interest 
Transfer to Assets for Sale

Total Transactions with 
Owners

Loss for year including 
Minority Loss

Exchange Differences

Total Comprehensive Loss 

83 

–

–    

467

(82)

–

– (45,000)

–    

–

83 (44,615)

–

(2,249)

–

 –

–                  

–

–    

–

–    

–    

– 

–

–

– 

–

–    

–

–

–

–

– 45,000    

–

–    

– 45,000

(3,227)

–

(3,227)

–

–

–    

1,050   61,510

142  61,652

–

–

–    

–    

–    

– 

–

–

–

550 

(82)    

39 

–    

–    

–

–    

–    

550 

 (82)

39 

– 

– 

141 

141

507 

141 

 648 

(3,227)

(2,249)

(5,476)    

–  (3,227) 

–

–

(2,249)

(5,476) 

(20,426) 45,000

1,050 56,541

283  56,824

–

–

39 

–

–

39

–

–

146

146

–

 (2,249)   

Balance at 31.12.14

11,228 22,754

(3,211)

Non-controlling Interest 
Transfer to Assets for Sale

Share option/Plant Reserve

Total Transactions with 
Owners

Loss for year including 
Minority Loss

Exchange Differences

Total Comprehensive Loss

–

–

–

–   

–    

0    

–

–    

–    

– 

– 

0 

–    

–

–

– 

999 

999    

Balance at 31.12.15

11,228  22,754

(2,212) 

–    

–

(146)    

1,196   

(146)    

1,196    

– (20,032)

–

(20,032)

– 

0

0

–    

–

–

–    

–    

0    

–

(1,050)

(1,050)

–

–    

–

– (20,032)    

 –

999    

0 19,033    

(283)

 (283)

–

 –

(283)

 (283)

– (20,032) 

– 

 999 

0  (19,033)

(39,262) 45,000    

0 37,508    

 0  37,508

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

19

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

SHARE
PREMIUM
£’000

NOTE

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

OTHER
RESERVE
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

Balance at 1.1.14

11,145 

67,369 

107 

 (8,486)

0   

70,135 

Transactions with owners

Issue of Share

Issue Costs

Charge for Share Options

Transfer to Other Reserve

83 

–

–

–

467 

(82)

–

(45,000)

Total transactions with owners

83 

 (44,615)

Profit for year

Total Comprehensive Profit

–

–   

–

–   

–

–

39

– 

39 

–

–   

–

–

–

–

–   

–

–

–

45,000

45,000 

965 

965 

–

–   

550 

(82)

39

–

507 

965 

965 

Balance at 31.12.14

11,228 

22,754 

146 

(7,521)

45,000 

71,607 

Transactions with owners

Issue of share

Issue costs

Cancel charge for share options

Transfer to Other Reserve

Total transactions with owners

Loss for the year

Total Comprehensive Loss

– 

– 

– 

 –

–

–

–   

– 

– 

– 

– 

 –

–

–   

– 

– 

(146) 

– 

(146) 

–

 –

146 

– 

146 

–

–   

(33,771) 

(33,771) 

 –

 –

 –

– 

– 

–

–  

– 

– 

–

– 

– 

(33,771)

(33,771) 

Balance at 31.12.15

11,228 

22,754 

– 

(41,146) 

45,000 

37,836

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20

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

1  GENERAL INFORMATION, BASIS OF PREPARATION AND NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

1a General information
Rurelec PLC is the Group’s ultimate parent company. It is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of Rurelec’s 
registered office is given on the information page. Rurelec’s shares are traded on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange PLC.

The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities are the generation of electricity in South America.

1b Basis of preparation, including going concern
The Company and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations as adopted by the 
European Union and company law applicable to companies reporting year ended 31 December 2015. The Directors have continued to 
adopt the going concern basis for the preparation of these financial statements. During 2015 the Group continued to receive funds from 
Argentina in service of the loans to the joint venture, whilst also selling the Canchayllo development in Peru.

 Since the year end, the Company has been in advanced negotiations for prospective sales of Group assets in two separate jurisdictions 
in South America. At the time of this report there can be no guarantee that these sales will conclude. There exists  uncertainty as 
to the timing of the sales of these assets as well as the quantum of the corresponding proceeds. The Company expects to make 
announcements as necessary regarding the progress of these sales in the near future. 

Until there is a disposal of assets, the Company is dependent on the continued forbearance of its creditors as it will require additional 
funds within the next twelve months. The Directors are pursuing alternative sources of working capital until disposal receipts are 
assured, none of these have been assured yet. These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty that may cast significant 
doubt over the group’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realise its assets and discharge 
its liabilities in the normal course of business. On the basis that the Group receives these disposal proceeds or the alternative sources 
of working capital, the Directors have assessed that the Group would have sufficient working capital based on their review of cashflow 
forecasts for a period of at least 12 months from the signing of the financial statements. 

 1c New accounting standards
At the date of authorisation of these financial statements certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards 
have been published but are not yet effective. The Group has not early adopted any of these pronouncements. The new Standards, 
amendments and Interpretations that are expected to be relevant to the Group’s financial statements are as follows:

Standard/interpretation
IFRS 9 (2014)
IFRS 15
IFRS 16

Content
Financial instruments: 
Revenue from contracts with customers
Leases

Applicable for financial
years beginning on/after
01/01/2018
01/01/2018
01/01/2019

IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments: Classifi cation and Measurement’
The Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these standards and interpretations in future periods will have any material impact 
on the financial statements of the Group.

IFRS 15 & 16 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ & ‘Leases’
The Directors have not completed their assessment of the impact of the adoption of these standards.

2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 Basis of consolidation
The Group financial statements consolidate the results of the Company, the equity accounting under IFRS 11 in the Argentina joint 
venture, the Group’s 100 per cent. interest in the Chilean entity and the Peruvian assets held for sale.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

21

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has the power to control the financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits 
from its activities. The Group obtains and exercises control through voting rights. Management has reviewed its control assessments 
in accordance with IFRS 10 and has concluded that there is no effect on the classification as subsidiaries or joint ventures of any of the 
Group’s investees held during the period or comparative periods covered by these financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2015. 
Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the 
ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Generally there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result 
in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the 
Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee.

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control 
of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group 
are eliminated in full on consolidation.

A joint arrangement is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake an economic activity that is subject 
to joint control that is when the strategic financial and operating policy decisions relating to the activities of the joint venture require the 
unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

The Group reports its interests in joint venture using the equity method of accounting, except when the investment is classified as held 
for sale.

Under the equity method, investments in joint ventures are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost as adjusted 
for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of the net assets of the joint venture, less any impairment in the value of individual 
investments. Losses of a joint venture in excess of the Group’s interest in that joint venture are not recognised, unless the Group has 
incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint venture.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities of the joint venture recognised at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill.

The goodwill, if any is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is assessed annually for impairment as part of the 
investment. Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the 
cost of acquisition, after reassessment, is recognised immediately as a profit or loss.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the 
joint venture. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. 
Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and subsidiary entities are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless 
the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiary 
and joint venture entities have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the 
Group.

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are dealt with by the acquisition method. This method involves the recognition at fair value of all identifiable 
assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the acquired company, at the acquisition date, regardless of whether or not 
they were recorded in the financial statements of the entity prior to acquisition. On initial recognition, the assets and liabilities of the 
acquired entity are included in the consolidated statement of financial position at their fair values, which are also used as the bases 
for subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policies. Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost in the 
statement of financial position of the Company.

2.2 Goodwill
Goodwill representing the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired 
is capitalised and reviewed annually for impairment. Goodwill is stated after separating out identifiable assets and liabilities. Goodwill is 
carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Any excess of interest in acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over fair 
value is recognised immediately after acquisition through the income statement.

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22

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

2.3 Foreign currency translation
The financial information is presented in pounds sterling, which is also the functional currency of the parent company.

In the separate financial statements of the consolidated entities, foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency 
of the individual entity using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions (“spot exchange rate”). Foreign exchange 
gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of remaining balances at year-end exchange 
rates are recognised in the income statement within ‘other expense’.

In the consolidated financial statements, all separate financial statements of subsidiary and joint venture, originally presented in a 
currency different from the Group’s presentation currency, have been converted into sterling. Assets and liabilities have been translated 
into sterling at the closing rate at the reporting date. Income and expenses have been converted into sterling at the average rates 
over the reporting period. Any differences arising from this procedure have been recognised in other comprehensive income and 
accumulated in the Foreign Currency Reserve.

2.4 Income and expense recognition
Revenue represents amounts receivable for goods or services provided in the normal course of business, net of trade discounts, VAT 
and other sales-related taxes, and excluding transactions with or between Group companies. Revenues from the sale of electricity 
are recorded based upon output delivered at rates specified under contract terms or prevailing market rates as applicable. Revenue is 
recognised on the supply of electricity when a contract exists and supply has taken place. Revenue received for keeping power plants 
operating and available for despatch into the grid as required is recognised on a straight-line basis over the contractual period. During 
the year under review and the prior year, no revenues were derived from the sale of equipment purchased with a view to subsequent 
resale

Operating expenses are recognised in the income statement upon utilisation of the service or at the date of their origin. All other income 
and expenses are reported on an accrual basis.

Independent Power Corporation PLC a 100 per cent. subsidiary of Rurelec PLC at the beginning of the year was disposed of as at 
18 June 2015.

2.5 Dividends
Dividends, other than those from investments in associates and joint ventures, are recognised at the time the right to receive payment is 
established. No dividends were paid or received during the year (2014: nil).

2.6 Borrowing costs
All borrowing costs are expensed as incurred except where the costs are directly attributable to specific construction projects, in which 
case the interest cost is capitalised as part of those assets.

2.7 Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. No depreciation is charged 
during the period of construction.

All operational buildings and plant and equipment in the course of construction are recorded as plant under construction until such time 
as they are brought into use by the Group. Plant under construction includes all direct expenditure and may include capitalised interest 
in accordance with the accounting policy on that subject. On completion, such assets are transferred to the appropriate asset category.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. The cost of major 
renovations and overhauls is included in the carrying amount of the assets where it is probable that the economic life of the asset is 
significantly enhanced as a consequence of the work. Major renovations and overhauls are depreciated over the expected remaining 
useful life of the work.

Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost less estimated residual value of all property, plant and equipment other than freehold land 
which is not depreciated by equal annual instalments over their estimated useful economic lives. The periods generally applicable are:

Plant and equipment 

3 to 15 years

Material residual values are updated as required, but at least annually. Where the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its 
estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

23

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

2.8 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amount of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable 
amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the 
recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset 
belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash 
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the asset.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of 
the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income 
statement. The Group recognises a cash-generating unit by its ability to independently earn income. The Group carries each cash-
generating unit in an individual special purpose company so they are easily recognised.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of 
an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement.

2.9 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operation.
In general IFRS 5 outlines how to account for non-current assets held for sale such that assets (or disposal groups) held for sale are 
not depreciated, are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, and are presented separately in the 
statement of financial position.

The following conditions must be met for an asset (or ‘‘disposal group’’) to be classified as held for sale: IFRS 5.6-8

•  management is committed to a plan to sell
•  the asset is available for immediate sale
•  an active program to locate a buyer is initiated
•  the sale is highly probable, within 12 months of classification as held for sale (subject to limited exceptions)
•  the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a sales price reasonable in relation to its fair value
•  actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that plan will be significantly changed or withdrawn

The assets need to be disposed of through sale. When the Group is committed to a sale involving loss of control of a subsidiary that 
qualifies for held-for-sale classification under IFRS 5 the Group classifies all of the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary as held for sale, 
even if the entity will retain a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary after the sale. Non-current assets or disposal groups that 
are classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Assets classified as held 
for sale, and the assets and liabilities included within a disposal group classified as held for sale, are presented separately on the face 
of the statement of financial position. The sum of the post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation and the post-tax gain or loss 
recognised on the measurement to fair value less cost to sell or fair value adjustments on the disposal of the assets (or disposal group) 
is presented as a single amount on the face of the statement of comprehensive income.

2.10 Taxation
Current income tax assets and liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, fiscal authorities relating to the current or prior 
reporting period, that are unpaid at the reporting date. They are calculated according to the tax rates and tax laws applicable to the 
fiscal periods to which they relate, based on the taxable profit for the period. All changes to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised 
as a component of tax expense in the income statement or through the statement of changes in equity.

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences. This involves the comparison of the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with their respective tax bases. However, in accordance with 
the rules set out in IAS 12, no deferred taxes are recognised in respect of non-tax deductible goodwill. In addition, tax losses available to 
be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided for in full with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable 
that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income. Current and deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are calculated at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided that they are 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date.

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24

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Deferred tax is provided on differences between the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in an acquisition and the carrying value of 
the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity and on the differences relating to investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies if 
the difference is a temporary difference and is expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the income statement, except where they 
relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited directly to equity.

2.11 Financial assets
The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, loans and receivables.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand as well as short term highly liquid investments such as bank deposits.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payment dates that are not quoted in an active 
market. They arise when the Group provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivable. 
Receivables are measured initially at fair value and subsequently re-measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment. Any impairment is recognised in the income statement.

Trade receivables are provided against when objective evidence is received that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due to 
it in accordance with the original terms of the receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the 
assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows.

2.12 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial instruments and are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument. All transaction costs are recognised immediately in the income statement.

A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires.

Bank and other loans are raised for support of long-term funding of the Group’s operations. They are recognised initially at fair value, net 
of transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Finance charges, including 
premiums payable on settlement or redemption, and direct issue costs are charged to the income statement on an accruals basis using 
the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled in the period 
in which they arise.

2.13 Inventories
Inventories comprise spare parts and similar items for use in the Group’s plant and equipment. Inventories are valued at the lower of 
cost and net realisable value on a first in, first out basis.

2.14 Shareholders’ equity
Equity attributable to the shareholders of the parent company comprises the following:

“Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares.
“Share premium” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity shares, net of expenses 
of the share issue.
“Foreign currency reserve” represents the differences arising from translation of investments in overseas subsidiaries.
“Share option reserve” represents the fair value of options granted and outstanding at the year-end.
“Retained earnings” represents retained profits.
“Other reserves” comprises the reduction of the share premium account.
“Plant reserve” in prior year related to the revaluation of Argentine assets.

2.15 Pensions
During the year under review, the Group did not operate or contribute to any pension schemes (2014: nil).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

25

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

2.16 Segment reporting
In identifying its operating segments, management follows the Group’s geographic locations and are reported in a manner consistent 
with the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The activities undertaken by segments are the generation of electricity in their country of 
incorporation within South America.

Each of the operating segments is managed separately as the rules and regulations vary from country to country.

The measurement policies used by the Group for segment reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those used in the financial statements.

 3  KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES
When preparing the financial statement, management make a number of judgements, estimates and assumptions about the recognition 
and measurement of assets, liabilities income and expenses. The actual results may differ from the judgements, estimates and 
assumptions made and will seldom equal the estimated results. The areas which management consider are likely to be most affected by 
the significant judgements, estimates and assumptions on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are:

a) Useful lives of depreciable assets – management review, with the assistance of external expert valuers, the useful lives of depreciable 
assets at each reporting date. Actual results, however, may vary due to changes in technology and industry practices.

b) Impairment – management review tangible and intangible assets at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any 
indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. This review process includes making assumptions about future events, 
circumstances and operating results. The actual results may vary from those expected and could therefore cause significant adjustments 
to the carrying value of the Group’s assets. Details of the assumptions underlying management’s forecasts for the Group’s main Cash 
Generating Unit (“CGU”) are set out in Note 15.

c) Deferred tax assets and liabilities – there exists an element of uncertainty regarding both the timing of the reversing of timing 
differences and the tax rate which will be applicable when the reversing of the asset or liability occurs.

d) Asset acquisitions – where the Group acquires assets or a company which is not considered to be a business as defined by IFRS 3, 
the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition and not a business combination.

e) Management have assessed that we do not control the Argentine Joint Venture and therefore have treated the joint venture in 
accordance with IFRS 11 (see Note 27). This assessment is based on the lack of power over the investee and due to the exposure to 
variable returns from its involvement with the investee.

f) Accrued Income – Management makes assessments as to the amounts of accrued income that is recognised in the Group’s 
accounts. The amounts recognised are based on what is expected to be received in total and relate to success fees from projects 
developed by the Group. These amounts are then reviewed with adjustments for the level of completion of the project and the likelihood 
of reaching financial close when the amounts will become due. These are judgements made by management of the Group and the 
actual results may differ from these judgemental assessments.

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26

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

4  SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Management currently identifies the Group’s four geographic operating segments; Argentina, Chile, Peru and the head office in the 
UK, as operating segments as further described in the accounting policy note. These operating segments are monitored and strategic 
decisions are made on the basis of segment operating results. However even though the Argentine operation has been accounted for 
under the equity accounting method as a Joint Venture under IFRS 11 the segmental analysis is shown in this Note 4 but then removed 
in consolidation adjustments to provide the results in accordance with IFRS 11. More details on the effect of this has been shown in 
Note 27.

The following tables provide an analysis of the operating results, total assets and liabilities, capital expenditure and depreciation for 2015 
and 2014 for each geographic segment.

a) 12 months to 31.12.2015

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit/(loss)

Administrative expenses

Profit/(loss) from operations

Other (expense)/income

Foreign exchange (losses)/gains

Finance income

Finance expense

ARGENTINA
£’000

CHILE
£’000

PERU
£’000

9,099

(6,080)

3,019 

(684)

2,335

(13,313)

(2,956)

–

(701)

–

–

– 

(139)

(139)

(2,345)

(165)

(802)

–

–

–

– 

(1,760)

(1,760)

(245)

(1,828)

(508)

(361)

UK
£’000

179

(22)

157 

(2,573)

(2,416)

(1,669)

1,887

3,695

(88)

(Loss)/profit before tax

(14,635)

(3,451)

(4,70 2)

1,409

Tax expense

(403)

–

(3)

–

(Loss)/profit for the year

(15,038)

(3,45 1)

(4,70 5)

1,4 09

Total assets

Total liabilities

Capital expenditure

Depreciation

16,372

17,740

–

261

6,688

6,510

–

–

3,644

718

–

45

41,338

3,502

–

3

BOLIVIA
£’000

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

179

(22)

157

(4,435)

(4,278)

(9,099)

6,080

(3,019)

721

(2,298)

–

(17,572)

2,956

–

692

1, 350

403

1,75 3

(23,906)

(21,842)

–

(261)

(106)

2,385

(458)

(20,029)

(3)

(20,032)

44,136

6,628

–

48

–

–

–

–

– 

–

–

– 

–

–

–

–

– 

–

–

–

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

27

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

ARGENTINA
£’000

CHILE
£’000

PERU
£’000

BOLIVIA
£’000

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000

b) 12 months to 31.12.2014

Revenue

Write off of accrued income

Cost of sales

Gross profit/(loss)

Administrative expenses

Profit/(loss) from operations

Other (expense)/income

Foreign exchange (losses)/gains

Finance income

Finance expense

(Loss)/profit before tax

Tax expense

Loss for the year

Total assets

Total liabilities

Capital expenditure

Depreciation

8,611

–

(5,579)

3,032

(293)

2,739

–

(2,175)

–

(674)

(110)

(105)

(215)

11,545

23,383

–

293

UK
£’000

423

(3,219)

(231)

(3,027)

(3,208)

(6,235)

(574)

2,760

3,780

(918)

–

–

–

–

(661)

(661)

–

(631)

18

(742)

(2,016)

(1,187)

(8)

–

(2,024)

(1,187)

–

–

–

–

(83)

(83)

–

51

–

–

(32)

–

(32)

TOTAL
£’000

303

(3,219)

(231)

(3,147)

(3,832)

(6,979)

(392)

2,180

2,568

(312)

(2,936)

(8)

(2,944)

(8,731)

–

5,579

(3,152)

413

(2,739)

(117)

2,175

(1,230)

2,022

110

105

215

–

–

–

–

–

–

299

–

–

–

299

–

299

–

–

–

–

6,458

7,321

–

–

18,528

22,697

5,087

2

78,626

6,865

48

10

(40,394)

(42,327)

–

(293)

74,763

17,939

5,135

12

The impairment relating to the IPC goodwill recognised on consolidation is regarded as relating to the UK operating segment. This is due 
to the Chief Operating Decision Maker reviewing the results of IPC within the UK operating segment.

5  EXCHANGE RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
The key exchange rates applicable to the results were as follows:

i) Closing rate

AR $ (Argentine Peso) to £

US $ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

ii) Average rate

AR $ (Argentine Peso) to £

US $ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14

19.2522

1.4824

1,048.2000

4.9637

14.3764

1.5256

1,005.1725

4.8183

13.2814

1.5532

940.964

4.5744

12.7777

1.6445

940.528

4.6084

If the exchange rate of sterling at 31 December 2015 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent. with all other variables held constant, 
shareholder equity at 31 December 2015 would have been £2.5 million (2014: £3.3 million) lower or higher than reported.

If the average exchange rate of sterling during 2015 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent. with all other variables held constant, 
the profit for the year would have been £0.2 million (2014: £0.1 million) higher or lower than reported.

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28

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

6  COST OF SALES

Expenditure incurred in cost of sales is as follows: 

Cost of Equipment and ancillary costs 

Other 

7  ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Expenditure incurred in administrative expenses is as follows:

Payroll and social security

Services, legal and professional

Office costs and general overheads

Audit services1

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

22

22

2

2 29

2 31

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

1,728

1,082

1,539

86

4,435

1,754

678

1,326

74

3,832

1 

 Audit services include £72.5k (2104: £74.0k) paid to the auditors for the audit of the Company and the Group financial statements and £nil paid to the 
Company’s auditors for non-audit professional services provided to the Company in connection with the review of overseas activities. Fees paid to other 
auditors, in respect of the audit of joint venture companies, amounted to £13.4k (2014: £35k).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

29

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

8  EMPLOYEE COSTS

a) Group

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Group, including Directors, during the year was as follows:

Management

Development

Administration

Total

b) Company

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Company, including Directors, during year was as follows:

Management

Administration

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,728

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’00.

1,754

NUMBER

NUMBER

4

16

11

31

5

18

22

45

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,405

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

62

NUMBER

NUMBER

4

5

9

5

0

5

In the prior year the majority of costs & staff were included in IPC rather than Rurelec entity.

c) Directors’ remuneration, including social security costs
The total remuneration paid to the Directors was £939k (2014: £717k). The total remuneration of the highest paid Director was £267k 
(2014: £230k). Other emoluments paid were health insurance costs, there were no bonuses, pension costs or share based payments 
paid during the year (2014: Nil)

P. Earl

E. Shaw

A. Morris

M. Blanco

L. Coben

C Emson

B Rowbotham

P Galante

M Keegan

S Morris

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

Base Salary/Fee 
Inc. Social Security

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

Other
Emoluments

263

205

189

30

–

25

30

7

84

96

929

4

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

Total

267

208

192

30

–

25

30

7

84

96

939

Total

230

177

212

24

15

29

30

–

–

–

717

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30

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

9  (a) OTHER EXPENSE

Foreign exchange (losses)/gains

Total

 (b) OTHER EXPENSE

Loss on Bolivia settlement

Loss on settlement of Claim – Bolivia1

Arbitration Costs/Cost Reduction2

Impairment charge on intangible in IPC3

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(106)

(106)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

2,180

2,180

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

–

–

–

(376)

259

(691)

(808)

1 

2 

3 

 The loss on the settlement with the Plurinational Government of Bolivia has been arrived at further to the agreement in April 2014 from meetings held 
between the senior management of Rurelec plc and the Attorney General of Bolivia. The agreed settlement is $31.5 million or £19.1 million which 
is made up of £17.5 million compensation claim and interest of £1.6 million. The carrying value of the claim, excluding interest and reimbursement 
of costs, as at 31 December 2012 was £47.0 million and therefore the loss was £29.5 million. The amount shown for 2014 of £376k loss was the 
adjustment of what was accrued in 2013 and paid in 2014.
 The arbitration costs were not awarded to Rurelec and so £4.9 million has been taken as a charge in 2013, in 2014 these costs were reduced by £259k 
in agreement with the suppliers.
 Following disposal goodwill in IPC has been written off in 2014 impairment testing for IPC resulted in an impairment of £691k , see Note 15 for further 
details.

 (c) OTHER EXPENSE

Birdsong Loan Expense

Birdsong loan participation expense – CVR costs1

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

–

–

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

416

416

1 

 The Birdsong loan included a contingent value right which amounted to 15 per cent. of the Bolivian claim plus interest. In 2014 there was a £416k write 
back of CVR costs these are included in other income.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

31

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

 (d) OTHER EXPENSE

Realised loss on disposal

IPC

Impairment provisions

Argentina

Peru

Chile (Africa Project)

Total interest income

10 FINANCE INCOME & EXPENSE

Inter-group interest received/receivable1

Withholding Tax write back

Bank interest

Total interest income

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,669

13,313

245

2,345

17,572

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

2,450

117

–

2,567

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

2,376

–

9

2,385

Interest expense paid/payable on bank borrowings and loans2

(458)

(312)

1 

2 

 Inter-group interest arises on loans by the Company to its 50 per cent. owned joint venture companies (PEL and EdS). Interest on inter-group loans has 
been charged at rates of between 8 per cent. and 19 per cent.
 Interest paid/payable includes interest on bank borrowings and other loans in Peru. The details of the amounts due under the loans are shown in Note 25.

Sensitivity analysis arising from changes in borrowing costs is set out in Note 25.

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32

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

11 TAX EXPENSE
The relationship between the expected tax expense at basic rate of 20 per cent. (2014: 21.50 per cent.) and the tax expense actually 
recognised in the income statement can be reconciled as follows:

Result for the year before tax

Standard rate of corporation tax in UK

Expected tax credit

Permanent differences

Unrecognised loss carried forward

Actual tax expense

Comprising:

  Current tax expense

  Deferred tax/(net credit)

Total credit (expense)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(20,029)

20.00%

(4,006)

(3)

4,006

(3)

(3)

–

(3)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’00.

(2,936)

21.50%

(632)

(8)

632

(8)

(8)

–

(8)

The expected tax credit for the year £4.0 million is not recognised as an asset due to the uncertainty and unknown timing of its 
realisation against future profits. The accumulated unrecognised deferred tax asset is £7.8 million.

12 EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss for the period attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of 
shares in issue during the period.

Average number of shares in issue

Effect of dilution – share options outstanding

Result for the year

Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent

Basic loss per share

Diluted loss per share

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14

561,387,586

561,181,121

–

–

£(20.0)m

(3.57p)

(3.57p)

£(2.9)m

(0.52p)

(0.52p)

There is no difference between the Basic and Diluted loss per share as there was a loss in the year and therefore the outstanding 
options were anti-dilutive.

13 HOLDING COMPANY’S RESULT FOR THE YEAR
As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the holding company’s income statement is not shown separately in 
the financial statements. The loss for the year was £33.8 million due to impairments for loans to Argentine joint venture in the year 
of £13.3 million, impairments re operations in Peru of £7.6 million, impairments re Termonor project in Chile of £2.3 million (2014: 
profit £1.0 million) and the loss on disposal of IPC £1.7 million. There are also Impairment provisions for the investment in Argentina 
£8.2 million and impairment provisions for loans to Chile £2.5 million.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

33

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

14 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

LAND
£’000

PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
£’000

PLANT UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
£’000

a) Group

Cost at 1.1.14 

Exchange adjustments

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale

Additions

Cost at 31.12.14 

Exchange adjustments

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale 

Impairments

Cost at 31.12.15

Accumulated Depreciation at 1.1.14

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Accumulated Depreciation at 31.12.14

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale 

Accumulated Depreciation at 31.12.15

Net book value – 31.12.15

Net book value – 31.12.14

72

–

–

–

72

–

–

(72)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

72

16,195

–

–

60

16,255

–

–

(60)

16,195

9

–

12

21

–

48

–

69

11,530

(1,184)

(9,558)

5,075

5,863

(1,408)

–

(1,364)

3,091

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

TOTAL
£’000

27,797

(1,184)

(9,558)

5,135

22,190

(1,408)

–

(1,496)

19,286

9

0

12

21

– 

48

–

69

16,126

16,234

3,091

5,853

19,217

22,169

The Property, plant and equipment of £16.2 million mainly relates to two turbines valued at £16.2 million. Plant under construction 
comprises of plant in Chile £3.1 million and Peru. The plant at Canchayllo was completed in December 2014, and transferred to plant 
and equipment. It was commissioned in January 2015.

b) Company

The Company had no property, plant and equipment.

15 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

At 1 January 2015

Disposal of IPC

At 31 December 2015

At 1 January 2014

Additions

Impairment

At 31 December 2014

GOODWILL
£’000

1,321

(1,298)

23

1,792

220

(691)

1,321

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34

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

The Group tests goodwill annually or more frequently if there are indications that the intangible asset might be impaired. The recoverable 
amounts are determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding the 
future cash flows (for a period of 5 years) which are based on the most recent financial projections prepared for each Cash Generating 
Unit (“CGU”). The projections incorporate management’s assumptions regarding revenue volumes, revenue prices, operating costs, 
including gas and forecast growth and are based on historical experience and current information. A long term discount rate, derived 
from market data on comparable interest rates in the local markets in which the Group operates, is then applied to the projected future 
cash flows. The equity discount rate applied is 13 per cent. (2014 – 13 per cent.).

In the year ended 31 December 2014 management have concluded that there is uncertainty relating to certain elements of accrued 
income previously recognised in relation to operations conducted in Central Illapa. This has resulted in approximately £3.2 million of 
accrued revenue being written off in the year.

Central Illapa SA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rurelec PLC, the goodwill on acquisition was £23k.

16 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

a) Group – non-current

Trade receivables

Amounts due from joint venture companies1

Other receivables and prepayments

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

–

–

–

100

23,093

19

23,212

1 

 Amounts due from joint venture companies represent the amounts lent by the Company, net of impairments, to PEL and EdS, including credit support 
provided to suppliers of EdS. Interest on these amounts has been accrued at rates of between 8 per cent. and 18 per cent. per annum.

b) Group – current

Trade receivables

Other receivables and prepayments

Other receivables and prepayments include £20.1 million due from PEL and EdS.

c) Company – Non-current

Amounts owed by subsidiary companies

Amounts owed by joint venture companies

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

607

20,259

20,866

38

9,562

9,600

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

–

–

27,505

23,094

50,599

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

35

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

d) Company – current

Loans to Joint Ventures 2

Loans to Subsidiaries 1

Other receivables and prepayments

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

20,103

4,149

405

24,657

–

–

38

38

The amounts owed by subsidiary companies include:

1 

2 

 Loans to subsidiaries in Chile £7.8 million and Peru £8.5 million are repayable on demand. At a group level, these loans have been impaired to 
£3.0 million in Chile and by £1.1 million in Peru. The loans to Chile and Peru bear Zero per cent. interest at rates. The loans Peru are expected to be 
recovered once the assets have been sold, which management expect to occur during 2016.  

 The amounts owed by joint venture companies are interest bearing at rates of between 8 per cent. and 18 per cent. and are repayable on demand. 
During the period the Group received US $3.7 million from EdS in service of the amounts due  £6.7 million (2014: £8.6 million) is secured by a fi rst 
charge against the assets of EdS.

All trade and other receivables are unsecured and are not past their due by dates. The fair values of receivables are not materially 
different to the carrying values shown above.

17 INVENTORIES

Company – Inventories

Inventories

Inventories comprises of two Siemens 701DU Turbines acquired from IPSA Group plc in June 2013.

18 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

a) Group

Cash and short-term bank deposits
b) Company

Cash and short-term bank deposits

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

16,195

16,195

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

386

386

283

1

Cash and short-term bank deposits are held, where the balance is material, in interest bearing bank accounts, accessible at between 
1 and 30 days’ notice. The effective average interest rate is less than 1 per cent. The Group holds cash balances to meet its day-to-day 
requirements.

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36

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

19 SHARE CAPITAL

In issue, called up and fully paid

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

561,387,586 ordinary shares of 2p each (2014: 561,387,586)

11,228

11,228

20 SHARE OPTION RESERVE

Balance at 1 January 2015

Change for the Year

Cancellation of share option scheme

Balance at 31 December 2015

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000
146

–

(146)

–

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000
107

39

–

146

21 OTHER RESERVE
On 17 December 2014 The High Court approved the reduction in the share premium account of the company of £45,000,000 and 
the creation of a special reserve in the accounts of the Group. The Group had accumulated losses on its profit and loss account of 
£7,371,683. The existence of these losses prevents the Company from paying dividends to its shareholders out of future profits until 
these losses have been eliminated. The Board considered that the accumulated losses represented a permanent loss and given the 
size of the accumulated losses, there was in the opinion of the Board no reasonable prospect of the losses being eliminated in the short 
term. It was proposed that the permanent loss should be recognised by eliminating the deficit on the profit and loss account. This would 
be achieved by the reduction in the balance on the Share Premium Account of the Company.

The Company had built up a substantial Share Premium Account through the issue of shares for cash at values in excess of the nominal 
value of those shares. At the time of the High Court hearing, the balance standing to the credit of the share premium account was 
£67,835,921. A resolution was proposed and successfully passed at a General Meeting on 25 November 2014 to reduce the amount 
standing to the credit of the share premium account of the Company by £45,000,000 from £67,835,921 to £22,835,921.

The resolution was subsequently confirmed by the High Court in the terms proposed at the time by your Board, the effect of the Capital 
Reduction was to release part of the amount standing to the credit of the Share Premium Account of the Company so that £45,000,000 
(i) may be used by the Company to eliminate the deficit on the profit and loss account and (ii) the balance credited to the distributable 
reserves of the Company to allow the Company to pay dividends in due course.

Share issue costs of £82,233 have been offset against the Share Premium account, which is now shown at £22,753,689.

The implementation of the Capital Reduction is subject to a number of criteria which are explained further below.

Capital Reduction – Share Premium Account
Share premium is treated as part of the capital of the Company and arises on the issue by the Company of shares at a premium to their 
nominal value. The premium element is credited to the Share Premium Account. The Company is generally precluded from the payment 
of any dividends or other distributions or the redemption or buy back of its issued shares in the absence of sufficient distributable 
reserves, and the Share Premium Account can be applied by the Company only for limited purposes.

In particular, the Share Premium Account is a non-distributable capital reserve and the Company’s ability to use any amount credited to 
that reserve is limited by the Companies Act. However, with the confirmed approval of our shareholders by way of a special resolution 
and subsequent confirmation by the High Court, the Company has reduced our Company’s share premium account and credited it to 
the profit and loss account.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

37

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

To the extent that the release of such a sum from the Share Premium Account creates or increases a credit on the profit and loss 
account, that sum represents distributable reserves of the Company subject to the restrictions set out below.

Capital Reduction – Procedure
In order to approve the Capital Reduction, the High Court was required to be satisfied that the interests of the Company’s creditors 
will not be prejudiced by the Capital Reduction. The Company was not required to seek written consent to the Capital Reduction from 
its creditors. However, for the benefit of those of its creditors from whom consent is not required, the Company will not be capable of 
making a distribution to shareholders until any such outstanding obligations have been discharged, and the Company has given an 
undertaking to that effect to the High Court. At the date of the audit report there are some £1.2 million of creditors to be settled. The 
Board of Directors consider that these amounts will be settled in the short term and therefore the £45 million remains within a Special 
Reserve which is non-distributable until these settlements have occurred.

The Capital Reduction does not affect the number of Shares in issue, the nominal value per Share or the voting or dividend rights of any 
Shareholder.

22 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

a) Group – current

Trade payables

Accruals

b) Company – current

Trade payables

Accruals

23 TAX LIABILITIES

Group – current

P.A.Y.E.

VAT

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

2,856

–
2,856

2,592

–

2,592

4,046

377
4,423

4,193

788

4,981

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

–

–

84

(14)

70

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38

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

24 BORROWINGS

Group – Current

Other Loans

Group – Total Borrowings

The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows:

Within 1 year

In more than 1 year, but less than 2 years

In more than 2 years, but less than 3 years

In more than 3 years

Company – Current

Other Loans

Company – Total Borrowings

The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows:

Within 1 year

In more than 1 year, but less than 2 years

In more than 2 years, but less than 3 years

In more than 3 years

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

3,054
3,054

3,054

3,054

–

–

–

3,164
3,164

3,164

3,164

–

–

–

3,054

3,164

910

910

910

910

–

–

–

910

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Group
Other loans of £3.1 million including accrued interest are made up of £2.2 million from Technology Finance Ltd £0.6 million loans from 
Radix Investments (UK) Ltd repaid after the year end and £0.3 million due to Grange Capital Ltd of which £0.1 million has been repaid 
after the year end.

Company
Other loans of £0.9 million including accrued interest are made up of £0.6 million loans from Radix Investments (UK) Ltd repaid after the 
year end and £0.3 million due to Grange Capital Ltd of which £0.1 million has been repaid after the year end.

Sensitivity analysis to changes in interest rates:
If interest rates on the Group’s borrowings during the year had been 0.5 per cent. higher or lower with all other variables held constant, 
the interest expense and pre-tax profits would have had a nominal impact on earnings.

Sensitivity analysis to changes in exchange rates:
Only US $375k of these loans are denominated in US $. These are included in liabilities held for sale. As a result, the liability to the 
Group’s lenders will change as exchange rates change. The overall effect on the Group’s net equity which would arise from changes in 
exchange rates is set out in Note 5 above.

The effect on borrowings alone if exchange rates weakened or strengthened by 10 per cent. with all other variables held constant would 
be to reduce or increase the value of the Group’s borrowings and equity by £5k (2014: £12k). 

The Group’s Joint Venture borrowings are denominated in AR $ and US $ and are substantially related to specific electricity generating 
assets and therefore the effect on the net equity of the Group is limited.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

39

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

25 INVESTMENTS

Cost at 1 January 2014

Additions during the year

Investment in Termoelectrica del Norte S.A. – Disposal by Entity

Investment in Central Illapa S.A. – Disposal by Entity

Investment in Electricidad Andina S.A. – Disposal by Entity

Cost at 31 December 2014

Impairment Loss in IPC

Balance at 31 December 2014

Cost at 1 January 2015

Additions during the year

lmpairment in Cascade Hydro Limited

Impairment in Patagonia Energy Ltd

Disposal of IPC

Balance at 31 December 2015

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

16,743

(4,190)

(33)

(63)

12,457

(2,702)

9,755

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

9,755

(179)

(8,178)

(1,298)

100

At the year-end the Company held the following investments:

1.   50 per cent. (2014: 50 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), a company registered in the British 
Virgin Islands under registration number 620522. PEL owns 100 per cent. of the issued share capital of Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”), 
a company registered in Argentina. EdS is a generator and supplier of electricity to the national grid in Argentina.

2.   100 per cent. (2014: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Birdsong Overseas Ltd (“BOL”), a company registered in the British 
Virgin Islands, under registration number 688032. BOL owns 100  per cent. of Bolivia Integrated Energy Limited (“BIE”), a company 
registered in the British Virgin Islands, under registration number 510247. Until 1 May 2010, BIE owned, through an intermediary 
holding company, 50.00125 per cent. of the issued share capital of Empresa Electrica Guaracachi S.A. (“Guaracachi”), a company 
registered in Bolivia..

3.   100 per cent. (2014: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Cascade Hydro Limited (“CHL”), a company registered in England 

and Wales under registration number 7640689. CHL owns, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent. interest in 
Electricidad Andina, S.A. and 93 per cent. of Empresa de Generacion Electrica Colca, S.A.C., both being companies registered 
in Peru. During 2013, Rurelec acquired the remaining 30 per cent. minority stake in CHL by way of an exchange of shares. The 
minority shareholders received 1,737,116 new Rurelec shares for their holdings in CHL, issued at a price of 12.5 pence per share, 
an aggregate consideration of £217,139.

4.   100 per cent. (2014: 100 per cent.) of Cochrane Power Limited, a company registered in England and Wales under registration 

number 8220905. Cochrane Power Limited owned at the year-end, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent. interest 
in Central Illapa, S.A. and 100 per cent. interest in Termoelectrica del Norte, S.A., both being companies registered in Chile.

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40

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

26 JOINT VENTURE
 The Group’s only joint arrangement within the scope of IFRS 11 is its 50 per cent. investment in Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), which 
directly owns Energia del Sur SA (“EdS”) in Argentina.  Management has reviewed the classification of PEL in accordance with IFRS11 
and has concluded that it is a joint venture and therefore we have accounted for our interest in the PEL joint venture using the equity 
accounting method.

 The Group does not participate in losses of the joint venture. In prior years the losses had exceeded the investment in the joint venture 
and therefore the Group does not recognise its share of losses in the joint venture.

The following table sets out the results of the joint venture operation in Argentina of which the Group has a 50 per cent. share.

Revenue

Expenses
Foreign Currency Exchange

Net/(loss) profit

Rurelec share of net/(loss) profit

Total assets

Total liabilities

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000
18,198

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000
17,222

(13,529)
(5,912)

(3,450)

(1,725)

16,372

(17,740)

(11,158)
(3,348)

42

21

24,322

(22,567)

27 RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

a) Group

Loss for the year before tax
Net finance income

Adjustments for: depreciation

  Unrealised exchange gains

  Movement in share option reserve

  Write down of loans

  Loss on disposal

Impairment of goodwill

  Deferred consideration

Movement in working capital:

  Change in trade and other receivables

  Change in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

(20,029)
(1,927)

48

106

–

15,903

1,669

–

–

 (1,366)

 51

( 5,545)

(2,936)
(2,255)

12

(2,180)

39

–

–

691

– 

5,426

(3,687)

(4,890)

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

41

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

b) Company

(Loss)/profit for the year before tax
Net finance income

Adjustments for:

  Unrealised exchange (gains) on loans

  Movement in share option reserve

  Write down of investments

  Write down of loans

  Loss on disposal

  Reclassification of investment to receivables

Movement in working capital:

  Change in trade and other receivables

  Change in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

(33,771)
(3,482)

(1,819)

–

8,357

26,68 4

1,669

–

1,062

(2, 770 )

( 4,070)

965
(3,380)

(2,057)

39

2,703

–

–
5,881

(8,384)

(164)

(4,397)

28 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Group’s risk 
management is coordinated to secure the Group’s short to medium-term cash flows by minimising its exposure to financial markets. The 
Group does not actively engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant 
risks to which the Group is exposed are described below:

a) Foreign currency risk
The Group is exposed to translation and transaction foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of these 
assets and liabilities are taken to the profit and loss account of the Group. The Group’s principal trading operations are based in South 
America and as a result the Group has exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations in the principal currencies used in South 
America. The Group also has exposure to the US $ as a result of borrowings denominated in these currencies.

b) Interest rate risk
Group funds are invested in short-term deposit accounts, with a maturity of less than three months, with the objective of maintaining a 
balance between accessibility of funds and competitive rates of return.

c) Capital management policies and liquidity risk
The Group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, accumulated retained earnings and other 
reserves.

The Group’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.

The Company meets its capital needs primarily by equity financing. The Group sets the amount of capital it requires to fund the Group’s 
project evaluation costs and administration expenses. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light 
of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

The Company and Group do not have any derivative instruments or hedging instruments. It has been determined that a sensitivity 
analysis will not be representative of the Company’s and Group’s position in relation to market risk and therefore, such analysis has not 
been undertaken.

As set out in Note 25, the Group has £3.1 million of loans falling due within 12 months. The directors consider that the Group will be 
able to raise sufficient funds from the sale of assets and from other sources to repay the loans.

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42

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

The following table sets out when the Group’s financial obligations fall due:

Current – due within 1 year:

Trade payables

Borrowings
Total due within 1 year:

Non-current – due in more than 1 year but less than 5 years

Borrowings

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

2,856

3,054
5,910

Nil

4,493

3,164
7,657

Nil

d) Credit risk
Generally, the maximum credit risk exposure of financial assets is the carrying amount of the financial assets as shown on the face of 
the balance sheet (or in the detailed analysis provided in the notes to the financial statements). Credit risk, therefore, is only disclosed 
in circumstances where the maximum potential loss differs significantly from the financial asset’s carrying value. The Group’s trade and 
other receivables are actively monitored to avoid significant concentrations of credit risk.

e) Fair values
In the opinion of the Directors, there is no significant difference between the fair values of the Group’s and the Company’s assets and 
liabilities and their carrying values and none of Group’s and the Company’s trade and other receivables are considered to be impaired.

The financial assets and liabilities of the Group and the Company are classified as follows:

31 December 2015 

Trade and Other Receivables > 1 year

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Trade and Other Payables > 1 year

Trade and Other Payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Total

31 December 2014 

Trade and Other Receivables > 1 year

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Trade and Other Payables > 1 year

Trade and Other Payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Total

PARENT LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

PARENT 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

GROUP LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

GROUP 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

–

24,657

386

–

–

–

–

25,043

–

–

–

–

(2,592)

–

(910)

(3,502)

–

20,835

386

–

–

–

–

21,221

–

–

–

–

(2,856)

–

(3,054)

(5,910)

PARENT LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

PARENT 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

GROUP LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

GROUP 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

16,809

9,831

3,750

–

–

–

–

30,390

–

–

–

–

(8,883)

(1,499)

(24,583)

(34,965)

35,771

6,075

21

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(5,144)

–

–

41,867

(5,144)

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

43

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

29 CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
The Group had outstanding capital commitments of £Nil (2014: Nil) in respect of plant ordered but not delivered at the year-end.

30 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
EdS has entered into a long-term maintenance agreement with a third party who provides for the regular service and replacement of 
parts of two turbines. The agreement runs until 2022. The Group’s 50 per cent. share of the total payable under the agreement until 
the year 2022 amounts to US $5.1 million/£3.4 million (2014: US $5.6 million/£3.6 million). In the event that EdS wish to terminate the 
agreement before 2022, a default payment would become payable. The Group does not anticipate early termination and therefore no 
provision has been made in this regard.

31 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the year the Company and the Group entered into material transactions with related parties as follows:

a) Company
i) 

 Paid salaries to key management amounting to £0.9 million (2014: £0.6 million).

ii)   Paid, to its former 100 per cent. subsidiary Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”) £0.1 million under a “Shared Service 

Agreement”.

iii)   Charged interest on loans to its 100 per cent. subsidiary Rurelec Project Finance Ltd (“RPFL”) totalling £528k. The loan balance 

outstanding at the year end was £6.9 million.

iv)   Charged interest on loans to its 50 per cent. owned joint venture company, Patagonia Energy Ltd (“PEL”) amounting to £2.2 million. 
The loan balances at the year end totalled £20.1 million. Interest on these loans has been accrued at between 8 and 18.5 per cent..

v)   Received from its joint venture company Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”) repayments totalling £0.0 million of support previously given to 

creditors of EdS. £0.7 million of credit support remains outstanding at the year end.

vi)   a) Charged IPSA Group PLC (“IPSA”) £60k under a “Shared Service Agreement”. b) Repaid £1.2 million of deferred consideration on 
the 2013 turbine purchase, £1.3 million remains outstanding at the year end. P.R.S. Earl and E.R. Shaw were Directors of IPSA.

vii)  Provided loans and charged interest of 0.5 per cent. per month to its 100 per cent. subsidiary Cochrane Power Ltd of £1.2 million. 

The total outstanding at the year end was £7.8 million. These loans have been impaired to £3.0 million.

viii)  Received and provided loans to its 100 per cent. subsidiary Cascade Hydro Ltd (“CHL”) of net receipt £1.0 million and charged CHL 
interest of £560k. The interest rate was 0.5 per cent. per month. The total outstanding at the year end was £8.5 million. These loans 
have been impaired to £1.1 million.

b) Group
i) 

 A.J.S. Morris loaned CHL £50k in prior years and was repaid £50k in current year and charged interest of £4.4k. The total 
outstanding at the year end was £9.5k.

ii)   E. R. Shaw loaned CHL £94.4k in prior years and was repaid £83.2k and charged interest of £8.1k. The total outstanding at the year 

end was £11.2k.

iii)   RPFL received £2.4 million in repayments from and accrued interest on amounts due from EdS of £0.2 million, the interest rate on 

the principal was 18.5 per cent., the effective interest rate (on principal and accrued interest) was 0.1 per cent. The total outstanding 
at the year end was £6.7 million.

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44

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

32 ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Assets held for sale relate to three project companies within Peru. These business segments were reclassified to assets held for sale 
following the commitment of the Group’s management on 16.09.2014 to restructure its Peruvian operations by means of sale. Two 
disposal groups were identified, one of which comprises the Canchayllo run of the river plant, sold in July 2015, with the rest of the 
project companies included in the second group. At the end of the year the assets were being actively marketed and a sale is expected 
by the end of 2016.

Assets Classified as Held for Sale

Property, Plant and Equipment

Inventories

Trade and Other Receivables

Liabilities Classified as Held for Sale

Trade and Other Payables

Deferred Tax Liabilities

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

–

–

3,644

3,644

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

718

–

718

9,558

55

8,565

18,178

YEAR ENDED
31.12.14
£’000

10,158

124

10,282

33 POST BALANCE SHEET DATE EVENTS
Since the year end, on February 17 the Company entered into a working capital facility arrangement with Bridge Properties (Arena 
Central) Ltd in the amount of £850k. This amount was used to pay the Radix Investments (UK) Ltd loans. This facility was increased on 
April 13 by £350k to £1.2 million. 

The Chairman’s statement and the Strategic Report with a review of operations contains further details.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2015

Stock code: RUR

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COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors
S.C. Morris (Executive)

B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)

Secretary
S.A. Laker

Company number
4812855

Registered office and business address
18 Soho Square

London

W1D 3QL

Auditor
Grant Thornton UK LLP

Registered Auditors

Chartered Accountants

Grant Thornton House

Melton Street

Euston Square

London

NW1 2EP

Bankers
Coutts & Co

440 Strand

London

WC2R 0QS

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WELCOME TO RURELEC PLC

RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER, DEVELOPER AND
OPERATOR OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
INTERNATIONALLY.

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership and development of power generation
facilities on national and regional grids and in isolated areas, selling wholesale electricity as
a generator on commercial terms, through capacity payments or power purchase
agreements (“PPAs”). 

Our current business is centred on our operational plant in Argentina whilst also seeking
to sell the remainder of the small hydro portfolio in Peru and to complete the development
of our larger project in Chile.

CONTENTS
Strategic Report
Non-executive Director’s Statement
Review of Financial Performance
Review of Operations

Our Governance
Board of Directors
Director’s Report
Corporate Governance Statement

Our Financials
Independent Auditor’s Report
Consolidated Income Statement
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Parent Company Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Company Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Financial Statements
Company Information

1
4
5

6
7
9

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
IBC

Read more online at 
www.rurelec.com

241395 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1  15/07/2016  16:20  Page 1

RURELEC PLC

18 Soho Square, London W1H 3QL

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7025 8026

8/

Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

ANNUAL REPORT  
AND ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Stock code: RUR