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Rurelec

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FY2016 Annual Report · Rurelec
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245461 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1 copy 2  27/06/2017  21:17  Page 1

RURELEC PLC
18 Soho Square, London W1H 3QL

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7025 8026

8/

Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

ANNUAL REPORT  
AND ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Stock code: RUR

 
245461 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1 copy 2  27/06/2017  21:17  Page 2

RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER, DEVELOPER AND
OPERATOR OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
INTERNATIONALLY.

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership and development of power generation
facilities on national and regional grids and in isolated areas, selling wholesale electricity as
a generator on commercial terms, through capacity payments or power purchase
agreements (“PPAs”). 

COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors
S.C. Morris (Executive)

A.H. Coveney (Executive)

B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)

Secretary
S.A. Laker

Company number
4812855

Auditor
Saffery Champness LLP

71 Queen Victoria Street

London

EC4V 4BE

Bankers
Coutts & Co

440 Strand

London

WC2R 0QS

Our current business is centred on our share of an operational plant in Argentina whilst
also seeking to sell the remainder of the small hydro portfolio in Peru and to complete the
development of our project in Chile.

Registered office and business address
18 Soho Square

London

W1D 3QL

CONTENTS
Strategic Report
Non-executive Director’s Statement
Review of Financial Performance
Review of Operations

Our Governance
Board of Directors
Director’s Report
Corporate Governance Statement

Our Financials
Independent Auditor’s Report
Consolidated Income Statement
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Company Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Company Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Financial Statements
Company Information

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5
6

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IBC

HIGHLIGHTS

01
01

Rurelec PLC is an owner, developer and operator of power 
generation capacity internationally.

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership and 
development of power generation facilities on national and 
regional grids and in isolated areas, selling wholesale electricity as 
a generator on commercial terms, through capacity payments or 
power purchase agreements (“PPAs”). 

Our current business is centred on our share of an operational 
plant in Argentina whilst also seeking to sell the remainder of the 
small hydro portfolio in Peru and to complete the development of 
our larger project in Chile.

Rurelec PLC (AIM: RUR), the electricity utility focused on 
ownership and operation of power generation plants in Latin 
America, announces its audited results for the year ended 
31 December 2016. The annual report will be posted to 
shareholders on   2 8 June 2017.

Highlights
• 

 Focus of the Company has been to continue reducing costs, 
to stabilise the Company, and to seek certain asset disposals

• 

• 

• 

 Overall loss before tax from continuing operations £ 9.3 million 
(2015: £20.0 million) 

 Further write downs of assets to values directors believe can 
be supported in market conditions

 Repayment of a Radix loan plus interest of £621k in February 
2016

•  Group borrowings of £4.0 million (2015: £3.1 million)

•  Loss per share  1.65p (2015: 3.57p)

•  Net Asset Value per share  5.6p (2015: 6.7p )

• 

  Qualifi cation in respect of potential accrued interest of Joint 
Venture partner loans  

Commenting on the results Simon Morris, Rurelec’s Executive 
Director, said:

“During 2016 the Company has actively pursued the sale 
of certain Group assets.  This has been carried out against 
a background of continued cost reductions and cash fl ow 
constraints.  To date no asset disposals have been achieved.  
Certain Group assets are currently being marketed.   

For most of 2016 liquidity remained an issue, but eased towards 
the end of the year when cash remittances from the Group’s 
operations in Argentina  resumed.  This enabled the Company to 
settle a number of long standing creditor positions.  However, 
liquidity remains an issue for the Group given the recent outage 
suffered by the operations in Argentina.

The overall loss before tax for the year of £9.3  million refl ects 
further write downs on a number of the Group’s assets to values 
that the directors believe can be supported in current market 
conditions and given the overall fi nancial position of the Group. 
Liquidity remains a critical issue for the Group.

For further information please contact:

Rurelec PLC 

W.H.Ireland 

Simon Morris, Executive Director  

 Paul Shackleton & 
James Bavister

www.rurelec.com  

Tel: +44 (0)20 7025 8028 

Tel: +44(0) 20 7220 1666

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0202

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT

During the year, the Company worked towards a sale of the 
remaining hydro portfolio in Peru for which the prospective 
purchaser paid for exclusivity for part of the period but the sale 
unfortunately failed to close and the assets are once again held for 
sale.  As a result, the Company’s planned disposals of assets to 
repay its borrowings are behind schedule.

Nevertheless, the plant in Argentina continues to perform well and 
represents an attractive asset in a country where investment in 
the power sector is buoyant.  If the intended disposal of non-core 
assets is achieved in the near future, the Company remains poised 
to lever off its position as an incumbent generator in a market 
which continues to expand.  

Brian Rowbotham
Non-executive Director
 2 8 June 2017 

Dear Shareholder
It is my duty to present the results of Rurelec PLC (“Rurelec”) 
for the fi nancial year ended 31 December 2016, which has 
seen further stabilisation in the Company’s fi nancial situation 
through additional cost cutting. During the course of the year, 
the Company was offered an extension of its original bridging 
facility from Bridge Properties (Arena Central) Limited (“BPAC”) 
and entered into an additional small facility from the same lender 
under the original security, which has provided additional support 
against the threats that could arise in the event that receipts 
from Argentina are not as forecast at any time due to operational 
reasons. Since the year end these facilities have been further 
extended to the end of June 2018.

Outlook
The Company is well placed in its  joint venture of its Argentine 
asset in a country which is making rapid progress in improving 
its energy systems to contribute to economic development, 
sustainability and energy security and where demand continues to 
grow at around 6% per annum. During the year, CAMMESA, the 
market administrator, issued tenders for 1.9 GW of new thermal 
capacity and also launched the RenovAr project to procure 1 GW 
o f renewables as part of Argentina’s programme to ensure that at 
least twenty per cent. of its generation capacity will be provided 
from renewables by 2025.  Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”) has ready 
potential to increase its site capacity through an expansion project 
which is under continuous review and demand in the Chubut 
region would support the initiative.

By contrast, there has been a downturn in demand in Chile, 
due to a slowdown in the mining sector and saturation of the 
transmission system in the north from new renewable projects.  
Without improvement to the transmission system, and an upturn 
in demand, it was not, in 2016, opportune to progress the Central 
Illapa project in Mejillones although all consents to construct the 
project are now in place. Recently there have been signs that 
new investment in the mining sector is beginning to pick up and 
an increase in demand for copper in particular could reverse the 
recent decline. As a result, we are currently looking at ways in 
which the project can be further progressed.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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STRATEGIC REPORT

03

Strategy
The strategy for the Group continues to be determined by its 
fi nancial position, the reasons for which are set out in more 
detail below. The Group will dispose of assets, in particular the 
hydro portfolio in Peru. The level of ongoing development work 
continues to be severely restricted due to the Group’s fi nancial 
position. On completion of certain asset sales, the Group can 
return to a stable fi nancial footing. The Board will then decide 
whether certain unfi nished development work, such as the Central 
Illapa project in Chile, can be completed. Cost control will remain 
a key element of the Group’s strategy.

The overall strategy is to stabilise the fi nancial position of the 
Group, to enable the Board to realise as much value for the asset 
portfolio (including further development work where appropriate), 
and return that value to shareholders.

Liquidity
The liquidity issues facing the Group in early 2016, and the 
reasons behind them, were fully set out in last year’s Strategic 
Report.

During 2016,  BPAC  provided new facilities to the Group of 
£1.6  million, of which £1.52  million has been drawn down. These 
funds were used to repay the short-term facility and interest 
thereon from Radix Investments UK Limited of £621,000, and to 
meet on-going working capital requirements. The BPAC loan was 
rescheduled  on 8 June 2017 for repayment on 30 June 2018.

During the fi rst 8 months of 2016 the cash receipts from our plant 
in Argentina in Comodoro Rivadavia were severely restricted. 
In September 2016 the Group started to receive more regular 
payments from Argentina in respect of the Group’s outstanding 
loans to EdS. This enabled the Company to settle a number of 
long outstanding creditors. In particular, the Company was able to 
agree a debt restructuring involving both Ethos Energy Italia S.p.A. 
and IPSA Group PLC (“IPSA”) during February 2017 in respect of 
outstanding monies in relation to the two Siemens 701DU turbines 
stored in Italy. The balance of this debt under the restructuring 
continues to be paid by the Company.

On 31  March 2017, as announced, EdS  ’s plant in Argentina,  in 
which the group has a 50% interest, suffered damage as a result 
of severe weather conditions, resulting in the plant ceasing to 
operate for the period until 23 May 2017. This outage caused 
a short- term reduction in remittances from Ed S whilst they 
re -assessed their fi nancial position. However, the cumulative 2017 
receipts at the time of the outage were running ahead of 2016 
and  following EdS’s  assess ment of their cash position since the 
plant has recommenced generation they expect full year 2017 
remittances to be greater than 2016.  Notwithstanding this, and 
in order to strengthen its position   the Board is seeking alternative 
sources of fi nance to bridge any potential funding gap, none of 
which have been secured yet.

Management team
Following the signifi cant changes in the Board during 2015, 
Brian Rowbotham (non-executive) and I have remained in offi ce 
throughout 2016. The Board was further strengthened by the 
appointment of Andy Coveney on 16  November 2016 as fi nance 
director. The appointment of Andy has been a very welcome 
addition to the Board.

I would like to again thank Brian for his continued support through 
what has been another diffi cult year for your Company.

Financial results
The operating loss for the year of £1 2.8 million is an improvement 
on that incurred last year (2015: £21.9 million). Strict control over 
administration expenses of £2.4 million (2015: £4.4 million) has 
given rise to a 45% reduction in this category. Further signifi cant 
write-downs in the carrying value of certain Group assets totalling 
£1 0.5 million (2015: £17.6 million) has led to a marked impact 
on the results. These write downs refl ect the Board’s view of 
the carrying values for the Group’s assets in current market 
conditions. The overall loss before tax for the year was £ 9.3 million 
(2015: £20.0 million). 

The Group continues to actively market our Peruvian assets for 
sale. At the time of this report there can be no guarantee that 
these sales will conclude.

Until there is a disposal of assets, the Group is dependent upon 
joint venture receipts from Argentina in order to comply with 
payment arrangements  made since the year-end with its creditors. 
There exists uncertainty as to the timing and the quantum of the  
receipts  from its joint venture in Argentina and for this reason   the 
Directors are, in the meantime, pursuing alternative sources of 
working capital until disposal receipts are assured, none of which 
have been secured yet. 

Key performance indicators 
The Directors use a range of performance indicators to monitor 
progress in the delivery of the Group’s strategic objectives, 
to assess actual performance against targets and to aid 
management of the businesses.

Rurelec’s key performance indicators (“KPIs”) include both 
fi nancial and non-fi nancial targets which are set annually.

Financial KPIs
Financial KPIs address operating profi tability, net asset value and 
earnings per share.

i) Operating profi tability
Operating loss excludes all non-operating costs, such as fi nancing 
and tax expenses as well as one-off items and non-trading items 
such as negative goodwill. The exclusion of these non-operating 
items provides an indication of the performance of the underlying 
businesses. The Group made a loss of £1 2.8 million in the year 
(2015 £21.9 million loss). 

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iii) Technical availability
Technical availability measures when a plant is available for 
dispatch. The measurement method excludes time allowed for 
planned maintenance activities which occur at regular intervals 
during the life of the unit plus an allowance for unplanned outages. 
Unplanned and forced outages in excess of the annual allowance 
will cause a reduction in the technical availability factor. Average 
availability through the year for our plant in Argentina was 92.6  per 
cent. due to unplanned and forced outages and a schedule 
maintenance outage (2015: 94.4 per cent.), making the plant one 
of the most reliable in the Argentine interconnected system.

04

STRATEGIC REPORT

ii) Net asset value
Net asset value is calculated by dividing funds attributable to 
Rurelec’s shareholders by the number of shares in issue. The net 
assets of the Group reduced in the year to  5.6 pence per share 
(2015 6. 7 pence per share).

iii) Earnings per share
Earnings per share provide a measure of the overall profi tability 
of the Group. It is defi ned as the profi t or loss attributable to each 
Ordinary Share based on the consolidated profi t or loss for the 
year after deducting tax and minority interests. Growth in earnings 
per share is indicative of the Group’s ability to identify and add 
value. The Group made a loss of  1.65 pence per share in the year 
(2015: loss of 3.57 pence per share) and hence there were no 
positive earnings per share.

Non-Financial KPIs
Non-fi nancial KPIs address other important technical aspects of 
the business, such as gross capacity, operating effi ciency and 
availability. 

i) Gross capacity
Gross capacity is the total generation capacity owned by 
Group companies and is affected by acquisitions, expansion 
programmes and disposals. The group continues to own three 
turbines ready for deployment in projects, although it is expected 
that local opposition to the Arica project in Chile is likely to lead to 
the turbine being deployed elsewhere.

ii) Operating effi ciency
Operating effi ciency is the average operating effi ciency of the 
generating plant owned by Group companies. It can be improved 
through the installation of more thermally effi cient turbines, 
refurbishment activities or through conversion to combined cycle 
operation. No change was noted in the operating effi ciency of the 
Group in the year.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

05

Rurelec Chile
The development operations in Chile have expensed limited direct 
costs in the year of £68k (2015: £139k). Capitalised development 
costs have accumulated to £ 0.4 million (2015: £1.1 million, 
including Arica) on the Central Illapa project. In 2016 the Arica 
project was impaired by £0.3 million (2015: £2.3 million). The 
development costs associated with the Central Illapa project were 
not impaired in 2016 or 2015.

Cascade Hydro Power (Peru)
Rurelec has, after IFRS impairments, outstanding loans of 
£1.3 million (2015: £1.1 million) to the Cascade group at the 
period end. The other assets of the Cascade group include 
£2.4 million (2015: £2.1 million) of bonds held by the Ministry of 
Minerals and Energy in connection with the Colca project. 

Group Results
The Group loss after tax for the fi nancial year under review 
is £ 9.3  million (2015: £20.0 million loss). Most of the losses 
       were associated with impairments and loss on disposals of 
£10.5 million (2015: £17.6 million). The impairment losses were 
£ nil (2015: £13.3 million) for Argentina operations, £1.3 million 
(2015: £2.3 million), for Chilean operations, excluding the 
701  turbine write -down of £6.4 million (2015: nil), £41k 
(2015:  £1.7 million) from the disposal of Independent Power 
Corporation and £2.7 million (2015: £0.2 million) for Peruvian 
operations.

The results for the operations in Argentina, Peru, and Chile are 
shown below. 

Group revenue was £0.1 million (2015: £0.2 million), Cost of Sales 
w as £nil (2015: £22k) Operating and Administrative expenses 
amounted to £2.4 million (2015: £4.4 million). Operating loss was 
£1 2.8 million (2015: £21.9 million loss). The loss before tax is 
£ 9.3  million (2015: £20.0 million loss). The basic loss per share is 
 1.65p (201 5: 3.57p loss). In 2016, the total assets of £ 3 9.1 million 
(2015: £44.1 million) includes assets of £ 2. 2 million (201 5: £3.6 
million), which are held for sale. Total equity stands at £ 31.4 million 
(2015: £37.5 million), or a Net Asset Value  5.6 pence per share 
(2015: 6. 7 pence per share).

A more detailed analysis of the business entities is given below.

Energia del Sur S.A. Results
At the operating level the plant in Comodoro Rivadavia and 
therefore based on 100% of  EdS’s  activities the net operating 
profi t for the year was AR$ 111.0 million (2015: AR$ 67.5 million) 
on revenues of AR$ 375.3 million (2015: AR$ 261.6 million), 
whilst the gross operating profi t was AR$ 333.5 million (2015: 
AR$ 100.7 million). The net profi t for the year in EdS was AR$ 
27.6 million (2015: loss AR$ 49.6 million)  which included  foreign 
exchange losses of AR$ 34.2 million (2015: AR$ 85.0 million). 

As set out in note 26 the  Directors have determined that 
the  Group is a joint venture operation and is therefore equity 
accounted. 

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06

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

Argentina
Operations at the power plant continue to allow EdS to show a 
good availability record. Gross energy output was 3.8 per cent. 
lower at approximately 871 GWh (2015: 905 GWh), this was due 
to unplanned and forced outages and scheduled maintenance. 
The average heat rate of the plant was 8.39 MMBTU/MWh 
(2015: 8.37). The average heat rate for the plant includes fuel 
consumption on both the gas turbines and auxiliary fi ring of the 
steam turbine.

The following table sets out the Group’s share of its interest in the 
joint venture in Argentina following the changes in the accounting 
for joint ventures to the equity accounting method:

Year ended 
31.12.16
£’000

Year ended 
31.12.15
£’000

9,325
(9,198) 
(895)
(768) 

5,482
4,853
(19,236)
(7,989)

8,908
(9,109)
(2,930)
(3,131)
7,772
4,236
(15,757)
(9,339)

Revenue attributable to the Group
Expenses
Foreign Currency Ex change
Net loss
Non-current assets
Current assets
Non-current liabilities
Current liabilities

Chile

Arica
Following the reassessment of the project the  Board is considering 
deploying the Frame 6B turbine acquired for the project 
elsewhere. An application has therefore been made to the state 
asset bureau for a refund of the purchase price for the land and a 
buyer is to be sought for the turbine unless it can be redeployed. 
Given the uncertainty of the future sale of the turbine and the 
recoverability of the land cost an impairment charge of £1.3 million 
(2015: £2.3 million) has been recorded in the year.

Central Illapa
The project has continued to make some progress in 
development. 

The Group carrying value for projects are assessed for possible 
impairments. In light of current local market conditions, in order 
for the project to be attractive to joint venture partners, the capital 
value of the 701 Siemens Turbines going into the project has 
been assessed at $12.0 million. The Directors also obtained an 
independent valuation produced by a competent person. The 
report stated that the price in the turbine market has fallen due to 
an increase in stock levels resulting in the fair value of the turbines 
being $12.0 million. This represents an impairment of $13.0 million 
and, after  exchange rate differences an impairment of £6.4 million 
has been charged in 2016 (2015: nil).

Peru
The 5.3 MW Canchayllo plant was sold in May 2015 to Energías 
Renovables de los Andes, S.A., a subsidiary of Union Group of 
Uruguay. The Group has retained a reduced presence in Lima to 
maintain the development rights and manage the sale of the 12.05 
MW Colca project in the province of Huancayo on the Junin River 
for which performance bonds have been lodged. Bonds in respect 
of the other two development projects Chilcay and Huasicancha 
have been forfeited because of the decision of the board not to 
pursue marginal projects. Exclusive negotiations for the sale  of 
Colca, Chilcay and Huisicancha project companies commenced in 
late 2015 and continued into 2017. Unfortunately, the prospective 
buyer pulled out just prior to expected signing. Other alternative 
prospective purchasers are currently in negotiation. However, at 
this stage there can be no guarantee that the sales will close. If a 
sale is completed, then it is expected that net proceeds from the 
release of the performance bonds will be available to Rurelec.

The large Santa Rita 255 MW project rights are retained by Cascade 
Hydro Power SAC but contrary to expectation, to date no tender 
for large hydro PPA’s has been announced. When this occurs, there 
would be an opportunity to work with or sell the project rights to a 
strong partner active in the large-scale hydro sector.

Principal risks and uncertainties
The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group, are possible 
changes in demand and pricing for electricity in the markets in 
South America in which the Group operates, relate to political risk 
and uncertainties in the fi nancial markets.

a)  Political risk – there exists signifi cant political risks in areas 

where the Group operates.

b)  Financial markets – Whilst project fi nance may be available 
in the markets in which the Group operates, the Group’s 
plans remain dependent on raising project fi nance from a 
combination of local partners and lending institutions. The 
Group is seeking to broaden its base of potential partners and 
lending institutions. 

c)  Exposure to foreign currency – The Group’s activities are 
in South America and therefore the Group’s results will be 
affected by exchange rate movements and local infl ation 
rates. Furthermore, past experience has shown that exchange 
controls restrictions can sometimes be applied and these may 
have an impact on the Group’s ability to repatriate funds to 
the parent company. The Group seeks to limit these risks by 
raising funds in the currency of the operating units.

d)  Effi cient operation – The Group has an effective maintenance 

programme and has entered into long term service agreements 
to reduce these risks as appropriate.

e)  Liquidity – The Group needs to be in a position to meet its 

short-term cash requirements. Please see Going Concern in 
the Directors Report and note 1b for further details.

The Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors 
on  28 June, 2017 and was signed on its behalf by Simon Morris 
(Executive Director).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

07
07

BRIAN ROWBOTHAM
Non-Executive Director – appointed 16 October 2013
Brian is the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director and 
Chairman of the Audit Committee. He worked as a Chartered 
Accountant with Deloitte and Touche. He has extensive 
experience working in the City of London, joined Teather and 
Greenwood in 1997 and was involved as partner and then Finance 
Director in the company’s fl otation on AIM and subsequent move 
to the Offi cial List. He ran his own consultancy specialising in 
turnarounds and start-ups until joining Hitchens, Harrison & Co 
plc in January 2005. He left Hichens, Harrison & Co plc after its 
acquisition by Religare in 2008. Brian is a Fellow of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

SIMON MORRIS
Executive Director – appointed 19 July 2015
Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England 
and Wales, qualifi ed as a Chartered Accountant in 1980. After 
obtaining a degree in Business Studies, spent his career with 
Grant Thornton and became a partner in 1988. He specialised in 
corporate fi nance and corporate recovery, principally restructuring 
work. He was appointed Chief Operating Offi cer of Grant Thornton 
UK in 2008, retiring in late 2011. Since then he has acted as a 
business consultant. He is also an accredited mediator.

ANDY COVENEY
Finance Director– appointed 16 November 2016
Member of the institute of Chartered Accountants, qualifi ed 
as Chartered Accountant in 1990. After obtaining a degree 
in Geology from the University of Durham he joined Deloitte 
Haskins & Sells, later moving into Corporate Finance advisory 
work with Coopers & Lybrand. Left the profession in 1993, 
embarking on a career as fi nance director/managing director 
of several manufacturing & distribution businesses, specialising 
in turn-arounds, cash fl ow management & profi t improvement, 
including CP Pharmacuticals (Holdings) Ltd, Benders Holdings 
Ltd & Bernstien Holdings Ltd. He established his own advisory & 
consultancy business in 2011 to specialise in & invest in business 
turn arounds & growth companies.

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08

DIRECTOR’S REPORT

THE DIRECTORS SUBMIT THEIR 
ANNUAL REPORT TOGETHER 
WITH THE AUDITED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR 
ENDED 31 DECEMBER, 2016.

Principal activities
The Company and the Group’s principal activity is the acquisition, 
development and operation of power generation assets in markets 
in Latin America.

Since the Company’s admission to AIM in August 2004, the 
Company has acquired interests in power generation operations in 
Bolivia (disposed of in 2010) and Argentina and, since 2012, has 
commenced development of assets in Peru and Chile.

Results and dividends
The Group results for the year ended 31 December, 2016 are 
set out in the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive 
Income.

No dividend was paid during the year to 31 December, 2016 
(2015: nil).

Share capital
Details of the issued share capital are set out in Note 19. 

Going concern
The Company has been in negotiations for prospective sales of 
Group assets. There exists uncertainty as to the timing of the sales 
of assets as well as the quantum of the corresponding proceeds. 

During 2016 and since the year end the Company has reached 
payment agreements with and settled certain creditors resulting 
in an overall reduction in trade and other payables. Until there is 
a disposal of assets, the Group is reliant on repayments of loans 
from its joint venture Argentine operations. However, the quantum 
and  timing of such receipts  may be subject to variation and are 
not guaranteed as there is no formal agreement in place. Whilst 
anticipated loan repayments from the joint venture are expected 
to be suffi cient to meet the working capital requirements for the 
Group, the  Directors are considering raising additional facilities to 
 increase headroom. 

The Group’s 100% subsidiary Cascade Hydro Ltd has outstanding 
third party loans of £2.4 million (2015: £2.2 million). These loans 
have not been repaid in accordance with their original payment 
schedules. Further details are set out in Note 24.

On the basis that the Group receives the joint venture remittances 
referred to above or the alternative sources of working capital, 
the Directors have assessed that the Group would have suffi cient 
working capital based on their review of cashfl ow forecasts for 
a period of at least 12 months from the signing of the fi nancial 
statements. 

Directors
The following Directors served during the year:

Brian Rowbotham – Non-Executive Director

Simon Morris – Executive Director 

Andy Coveney – Executive Director (appointed 16 November 
2016)

Directors’ interests
The Directors’ benefi cial interests in the shares of the Company 
were on the reference dates as stated below:

Brian Rowbotham

450,000

450,000

450,000

23 .06.201 7

31.12.2016

31.12.2015

Signifi cant shareholdings in the Company
In addition to the shareholdings shown above, the Company is 
aware of the following interests of 3 per cent or more in the issued 
ordinary share capital of the Company notifi able at 23  June 2017, 
being the last practicable date for reporting this information.

Sterling Trust Ltd

YF Finance Ltd

Number of 

shares % holding

303,092,303

96,565,166

53.989

17.201

HSBC Client Holdings Nominees 
(UK) Limited

16,884,673

3.008

The percentages shown are based on 561,387,586 shares in 
issue.

Risk management and objectives
The fi nancial risk management policies and objectives are set out 
in Note 28.

Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, 
the Directors’ Report, Annual Report and the fi nancial statements 
in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare fi nancial 
statements for each fi nancial year. Under that law the Directors 
have to prepare the fi nancial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted 
by the European Union. Under company law, the Directors must 
not approve the fi nancial statements unless they are satisfi ed that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and profi t or 
loss of the Company and Group for that period. In preparing these 
fi nancial statements, the Directors are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them 

consistently; 

•  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable 

and prudent; 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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09
09

•  state whether applicable IFRSs have been followed, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the fi nancial 
statements; 

•  prepare the fi nancial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will 
continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are suffi cient to show and explain the Company’s 
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the fi nancial position of the Company and enable them to ensure 
that the fi nancial statements comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets 
of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors confi rm that:

• 

• 

• 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s 
auditors are unaware; and

the Directors have taken all steps that they ought to have taken 
to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information 
and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information. 

the Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity 
of the corporate and fi nancial information included on the 
Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom 
governing the preparation and dissemination of fi nancial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Auditor
Pursuant to Section 489 of the Companies Act of the Companies 
Act 2006, the auditors are Saffery Champness LLP.

On behalf of the Board

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
 2  8 June, 2017

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1010

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Policy Statement
The Board is committed to applying high standards of corporate 
governance and integrity to all our activities. As the Company 
is listed on the AIM Market of London Stock Exchange PLC, it 
is not required to comply with all aspects of the UK Corporate 
Governance Code 201 4 (the “Code”). The Group does not 
comply with the Code. However, the Board has been briefed on 
the Code and is accountable to the Company’s shareholders for 
good corporate governance and therefore seeks to draw on those 
aspects of the Code that are considered to be relevant to the 
Group. 

Board of Directors
Subject to the Articles of Association, UK legislation and any 
directions given by special resolution, the business of the Group 
is managed by the Board. The Board is responsible for providing 
leadership to the management of the Group, determining strategy 
and ensuring that agreed strategy is implemented as well as 
approving major capital expenditure items, disposals, annual 
budgets and fi nancing matters. 

The Board appoints its members and those of its principal 
committees following the recommendations of the Nominations 
and Remunerations Committees. The Board regularly reviews 
the identifi cation, evaluation and management of the principal 
risks faced by the Group and the effectiveness of the Board’s 
internal controls. The Board considers the appropriateness of 
its accounting policies on an annual basis. The Board believes 
that the accounting policies, in particular in relation to income 
recognition are appropriate. Financial results with comparison to 
budget and forecast results are reported to the Board on a regular 
basis, together with commercial reports on operational issues. 
Signifi cant variances from budget or strategy are discussed at 
Board meetings and actions set in place to address them. 

The Board comprises one Non-Executive Director and two 
Executive Directors: the Chief Executive Offi cer and the Finance 
Director. All Directors are involved in signifi cant decisions.

Board and committee meetings are scheduled in line with the 
fi nancial calendar of the Group. The timing of meetings ensures 
that the latest operational detail is available and that appropriate 
time and focus can be given to matters under consideration. 
The Board met 18 times throughout the year to discuss a formal 
schedule of business. 

Roles of Non-Executive Director and CEO
The Code requires that there should be a clear division of 
responsibilities between the running of the Board and the 
executive responsible for the Group’s business so as to ensure 
that no one person has unrestricted powers of decision.

The Non-Executive Director is responsible for leadership of the 
Board ensuring its effectiveness and setting its agenda. Once 
strategic and fi nancial objectives have been agreed by the Board, 
it is the Chief Executive Offi cer’s responsibility to ensure that they 
are delivered upon. 

Composition of and Appointments to the Board
The Code requires that there should be a balance of Executive 
and Non-Executive Directors and when appointing new directors 
to the Board, there should be a formal, rigorous and transparent 
process.

The Board comprises one Non-Executive Director, Brian 
Rowbotham who is regarded by the Board as independent in 
character and judgement and two Executive Directors. The sole 
Executive Director and Chief Executive Offi cer for most of the year 
was Simon Morris. On 16 November 2016, Andrew Coveney was 
appointed as Finance Director to strengthen leadership in fi nancial 
management and reporting. Simon Morris and Andrew Coveney 
form the management team. Short biographies of the Directors 
are given on page 6.

The Board is satisfi ed with the balance between executive and 
non-executive directors. The Board considers that its composition 
is appropriate in view of the size and requirements of the Group’s 
business and the need to maintain a practical balance between 
executive and non-executive directors.

Each member of the Board brings different experience to the 
Board and the Board Committees. The Board is satisfi ed that 
there is suffi cient diversity in the Board structure to bring a balance 
of skills, experience, independence and knowledge to the Group. 
It is noted that the non-executive director holds shares in the 
Company but  the Board consider that this does not impact his 
independence.

The Code requires that the Board undertakes a formal and 
rigorous annual evaluation of its own performance and that of its 
Committees and Directors. The Board reviews its composition 
annually to ensure there is adequate diversity to allow for its 
proper functioning and that the Board works effectively as a unit.

When a new appointment is made to the Board, consideration 
is given to the particular skills, knowledge and experience 
that a potential new member could add to the existing Board 
composition.

Re-election
Under the Code, the Directors should offer themselves for re-
election at regular intervals. Additionally, under the Company’s 
Articles of Association, at least one third of the directors who are 
subject to retirement by rotation are required to retire and may be 
proposed for re-election at each annual general meeting (“AGM”). 
New directors who were not appointed at the previous AGM, 
automatically retire at their fi rst AGM and, if eligible, can seek re-
appointment.

Internal Controls 
The Board takes responsibility for establishing and maintaining 
reliable systems of control in all areas of operation. These systems 
of control, especially fi nancial control, can only provide reasonable 
but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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11
11

The key matters relating to the systems of internal control are set 
out below:

• 

the Company operates a comprehensive system for reporting 
fi nancial and non-fi nancial information to the Board including 
review of strategy and fi nancial budgets.

•  fi nancial performance is reviewed against budget, forecast and 
other performance indicators with action dictated according to 
each meeting.

•  suffi cient resource is focused to maintain and develop internal 
control procedures and information systems especially in 
fi nancial management.

The Board considers that there have been no substantial 
weaknesses in internal fi nancial controls that have resulted in any 
material losses, contingencies or uncertainties that have to be 
disclosed in the accounts.

Information and Development
The Code requires that the Board should be supplied in a timely 
fashion with information in a form and of a quality appropriate to 
enable it to discharge its duties.

Updates dealing with changes in legislation and regulation relevant 
to the Group’s business are provided to the Board by external 
advisors, the Finance Director and legal counsel. Directors may 
seek independent professional advice at the Company’s expense 
in furtherance of their duties as Directors.

Investor Relations
The Group values the views of its shareholders and recognises 
their interest in the Group’s strategy and performance, The 
Directors hold meetings with institutional shareholders to discuss 
and review the Group’s activities and objectives. Communication 
with private shareholders is largely through the Annual General 
Meeting (“AGM”), where participation is encouraged and where 
the Board is available to answer questions. 

The AGM is used to communicate with institutional and private 
investors with whom dialogue is encouraged. Directors also 
undertake consultation with major shareholders from time to time. 
Feedback is reported to the Board so that all Directors develop 
an understanding of the views of major shareholders. Trading 
updates and press releases are issued as appropriate and are 
available on the Company’s website, where up to date information 
is maintained on the investor section at www.rurelec.com.

Every shareholder has access to a full annual report each year end 
and an interim report at the half year end. Care is taken to ensure 
that any price sensitive information is released to all shareholders 
at the same time in accordance with London Stock Exchange 
requirements.

AIM Rules Compliance Report
Rurelec is quoted on AIM, London Stock Exchange’s market for 
small cap companies. Rurelec complies with the AIM Rules, in 
particular AIM Rule 31 which requires the following:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

to have in place suffi cient procedures, resources and controls 
to enable compliance with the AIM Rules;

to seek advice form the Nominated Advis er (“Nomad”) 
regarding its compliance with the AIM Rules whenever 
appropriate and to take that advice into account;

to provide the Nomad with any information it reasonably 
requests in order for the Nomad to carry out its responsibilities 
under the AIM Rules for Nomads, including any proposed 
changes to the Board and to provide draft RNS notifi cations in 
advance;

to ensure that each of the Directors accepts full responsibility 
collectively and individually for compliance with the AIM Rules;

to ensure that each Director discloses without delay all 
information which the Company needs to disclose in order 
to comply with AIM Rule 17 (Disclosure of Miscellaneous 
Information) insofar as that information is known to the Director 
or could with reasonable diligence be ascertained by the 
Director.

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee comprises Brian Rowbotham as Chairman 
of the Committee  and Simon Morris. Mr Rowbotham  and 
Mr   Morris are  Chartered Accountants and have recent and 
relevant fi nancial and commercial experience.

The Committee’s remit is to review fi nancial reporting practices, 
internal fi nancial controls and internal and external audit policy 
including the appointment of the Company’s Auditor. During the 
year, the Audit Committee met three times to discuss previous 
auditors partner extension, review  the draft half year and annual 
fi nancial statements.

The Audit Committee considered the appointment of new auditors 
for the Company after the current auditors, Grant Thornton w as 
coming to the end of  an eleven year tenure and also  since the 
current senior auditor, Chris Smith, had been in place for six years, 
an additional year to the maximum of fi ve years of representation. 
A tender for new auditors for the Company and its group of 
companies was carried out and under the recommendation of 
the Audit Committee, Saffery Champness LLP was appointed as 
external auditor of Rurelec PLC and its group of companies.

Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee comprises Brian Rowbotham who 
reviews the remuneration policy for the Executive Directors and for 
key management personnel. The Executive Director determines 
the remuneration arrangements for the Non-Executive Director. 
No Director may participate in decisions regarding his or her own 
remuneration. Details of the Directors’ remuneration can be found 
in Note 8.

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12

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee presently comprises Brian 
Rowbotham. The Committee is responsible for monitoring 
the composition of the Board and makes recommendations 
to the Board on all new Board appointments and succession 
planning. The Board has not used external consultants in the 
appointment of Directors. All Directors are subject to re-election 
by shareholders in accordance with the Company’s Articles of 
Association.

Health, Safety and Environmental Protection 
Policy
The Group is committed to compliance with all relevant laws 
and regulations and continues to assess its operations to ensure 
protection of the environment, the community and the health 
and safety of its employees. The Group maintains appropriate 
procedures to ensure that all activities are carried out in 
compliance with safety regulations, in a culture where the safety 
of personnel is paramount and which recognises environmental 
sustainability and respect for cultural and heritage issues.

Share Dealing Code
The Company has issued a new Share Dealing Code in 
compliance with its obligations under the Market Abuse 
Regulations which covers dealings by Persons Discharging 
Managerial Responsibilities (“PDMRs”) and certain employees 
of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Share Dealing Code 
restricts dealings in shares during designated closed periods and 
at any time when in possession of unpublished price sensitive 
information.

Compliance Statement
The Board recognises that the Company is not obliged to and 
does not comply with the Code. The board constantly monitors its 
compliance and opportunities to improve.

Susan Laker
Company Secretary
 2  8 June 2017

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

TO THE MEMBERS OF RURELEC PLC

13
13

accrued interest was payable and Basic Energy Limited have not 
confi rmed the total accrued interest that is owed to them.

Opinion on fi nancial statements
In our opinion, except for the possible effects of the matter 
described in the Basis for Qualifi ed Opinion paragraph:

• 

• 

• 

the fi nancial statements give a true and fair view of the 
state of affairs of the group and the parent company as at 
31 December 2016 and of the group’s loss for the year then 
ended; and 

the group fi nancial statements have been properly prepared 
in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 
and

the parent company fi nancial statements have been properly 
prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union and as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

• 

the fi nancial statements have been prepared in accordance 
with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Emphasis of matter – Going Concern
In forming our opinion on the fi nancial statements, which is 
qualifi ed, we considered the adequacy of disclosures made on 
Page 23 of the fi nancial statements concerning the going concern 
status of the Company. In order to meet trade payables and 
borrowings falling due within one year, the Company is dependent 
on the continuing receipt of loan repayments from Energia del Sur 
SA. There is no formal agreement in place for the repayment of 
the loan resulting in a material uncertainty that casts doubt on the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Emphasis of matter – Realisation of assets
In forming our opinion on the fi nancial statements, which is 
qualifi ed, we considered the adequacy of disclosures made in 
Note 9b and 16b to the fi nancial statements concerning loans to 
Group undertakings and inventories.  

The realisation of amounts due from Group undertakings of 
£10.34m included within the Company Statement of Financial 
Position are dependent on the realisation of assets held in those 
Group undertakings which is uncertain. 

The realisation of inventories of £9.7m included within the 
Company Statement of Financial Position is dependent on 
achieving either the sale of these assets or the successful 
development of the Illapa project, which are uncertain.

  Independent auditors’ report to the members
We have audited the fi nancial statements of Rurelec Plc for the 
year ended 31 December 2016 set out on pages 15 to 48.  The 
fi nancial reporting framework that has been applied in their 
preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as 
regards the parent company fi nancial statements, as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, 
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required 
to state to them in an auditors’ report and for no other purpose.  
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, 
or for the opinions we have formed.

Respective responsibilities of directors and 
auditors
As explained more fully in the Directors’ Responsibilities 
Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of 
the fi nancial statements and for being satisfi ed that they give a 
true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an 
opinion on the fi nancial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).  
Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices 
Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

Scope of the audit of the fi nancial statements
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and 
disclosures in the fi nancial statements suffi cient to give reasonable 
assurance that the fi nancial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an 
assessment of: whether the accounting policies are appropriate 
to the group’s and the parent company’s circumstances and 
have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the 
reasonableness of signifi cant accounting estimates made by the 
directors; and the overall presentation of the fi nancial statements.  
In addition, we read all the fi nancial and non-fi nancial information 
in the Annual Report to identify material inconsistencies with the 
audited fi nancial statements and to identify any information that is 
apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent 
with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing 
the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material 
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for 
our report.

Basis for Qualifi ed Opinion
The Annual Report discloses the Group’s share of assets and 
liabilities of Patagonia Energy Limited, in which it holds a 50% 
interest. Included within the joint venture’s liabilities of £54.5m, 
as disclosed in Note 26, is US$6.31m payable to Basic Energy 
Limited, the joint venture partner. No accrued interest has been 
refl ected in these fi nancial statements and we were unable to 
obtain suffi cient audit evidence in respect of potential accrued 
interest. The Group did not have appropriate evidence that no 

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14
14

 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

TO THE MEMBERS OF RURELEC PLC

Other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 
2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the 
audit:

• 

the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ 
Report for the fi nancial year for which the fi nancial statements 
are prepared is consistent with the fi nancial statements; and 

• 

the Strategic Report and the Directors Report have been 
prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by 
exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company 
and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have 
not identifi ed material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the 
Directors’ Report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters 
where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in 
our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the 

parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or

• 

the parent company fi nancial statements are not in agreement 
with the accounting records and returns; or

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specifi ed by law 

are not made; or

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we 

require for our audit. 

Jamie Cassell
(Senior Statutory Auditor)

For and on behalf of

Saffery Champness LLP
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditors
71 Queen Victoria Street
London
EC4V 4BE

2 8 June 2017

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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CONSOLIDATED INCOME 
STATEMENT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

15

Revenue

Cost of Sales

Gross Profit

Administrative Expenses

Other Expense

Operating Loss

Share of Joint Venture Profit/(Loss)

Foreign Exchange Gains/(Losses)

Finance Income

Finance Expense

Loss before Tax

Tax Expense 

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the Company

Earnings per Share

Basic Loss per Share

Diluted Loss per Share

 YEAR ENDED 
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

NOTES

4

6

7

9B

26

9a

10

10

11

12

95

–

95

(2,420)

(10 ,5 00)

(1 2,825)

–

1,243

2,683

(355)

(9,254 )

(4)

(9,258 )

( 1.65)

( 1.65)

179 

   (22)

       157

(4,435)

(17,572)

(21,850)

–

   (106) 

   2,385 

   (458)

(20,029)

       (3)

(20,032)

(3.57)

(3.57)

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16

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF 
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Loss for the year

Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the year:

Items that will be subsequently Reclassified to Profit & Loss:

Exchange Differences on translation of Foreign Operations

Total Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

(9,258 )

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.15
£’000

(20,032)

3,171

3,171

999

999

Total Comprehensive Loss for year attributable to owners of the Company

(6,087 )

(19,033)

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

17

Assets

Non-current Assets

Property, Plant and Equipment

Intangible Assets

Investment in Joint Venture

Current Assets

Trade and Other Receivables

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Assets classified as held for sale

Total Assets

Equity and Liabilities

Shareholders’ Equity

Share Capital

Share Premium Account

Foreign Currency Reserve

Share Option Reserve

Other Reserves

Special Non-distributable Reserve

Retained Earnings

Total Equity attributable to owners of the Company

Non-controlling interests

Total Equity

Current Liabilities

Trade and Other Payables

Current Tax Liabilities

Borrowings

Liabilities classified as held for Sale

Total Liabilities

Total Equity and Liabilities

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED 
31.12.15
£’000

14

15

26

16a

18

3 2

19

21

20

21

22a

23

24

 32

11,176

29

–

    19,217 

      23 

–

11,205

    19,240 

24,76 1 

960

25,721 

      20,866 

         386 

      21,252 

2,207 

    3,644 

39,133 

    44,136 

   11,228 

   22,754 

958

                –   

                –   

   45,000 

(48,520) 

31,420 

    11,228 

    22,754 

    (2,212)

       –

     – 

    45,000 

  (39,262)

    37,508 

–

–   

31,420 

    37,508 

2,434

12

4,037

6,483

1,230 

7,713 

      2,856 

           – 

      3,054 

      5,910 

 718 

 6,628 

39,133 

44,136

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on  2  8 June 2017 and were signed on its behalf by Andy Coveney 
(Executive Director) and Brian Rowbotham (Non-executive Director). 

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18

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF FINANCIAL POSITION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 

COMPANY NUMBER  4812855

Assets 

Non-current Assets 

Investments 

Current Assets 

Inventories 

Trade and Other Receivables 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Total assets 

Equity and liabilities 

Shareholders’ equity 

Share Capital 

Share Premium Account 

Share Option Reserve 

Other Reserves 

Retained Earnings 

Total Equity 

Current Liabilities 

Trade and Other Payables 

Current tax liabilities 

Borrowings

 YEAR ENDED
31.12.16 
£’000

 YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

 NOTES 

25

17

16b

18

19

21

20

21

22b

23

100

100

     100 

     100 

9,755

     16,195 

27,989 

            24,657 

955

              386 

38,69 9 

     41,238 

38,799 

     41,338 

11,228

22,754

–

45,000

(43,921) 

35,061 

2,065

12

1,661

3,738

     11,228 

     22,754 

          – 

     45,000 

     (41,146)

     37,836 

       2,592

       –

910

3,502

 Total Equity and Liabilities 

38,799 

     41,338 

As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the  Company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The 
 Company’s loss for the year was £2.8 million (2015: £33.8 million).

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on  2 8 June, 2017 and were signed on its behalf by Andy Coveney 
(Executive Director) and Brian Rowbotham (Non-executive Director).

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

19

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash used in Operations

Taxation Paid

Net Cash used in Operating Activities 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Proceeds from Sale of subsidiary

Loan Repayments from Joint Venture company

Net Cash generated from Investing Activities

Net Cash Inflow before Financing Activities

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Settlement of Deferred Consideration

Loan Drawdowns

Loan Principal Repayments

Loan Interest Repayments

Net Cash Generated from/(Used in) Financing Activities 

Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents at start of year

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year

NOTES

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

27

(2,066)

      (5,545)

–

(2,066)

(3)

     (5,548)

–

2,311

2,311

4,358

        2,417 

      6,775 

245

      1,227 

(321)

1,500

(830)

(20)

329

574

386

960

(1,237)

1,861

(1,707)

(41)

(1,124)

103

283

386

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20

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash  Used in  Operations

Net Cash  Used in  Operations

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Investment in and Loans to subsidiaries

Loan Repayment from subsidiary

Net Cash Generated from  Investing Activities

NOTES

27

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(1,333)

(1,333)

      (4,070)

     (4,070)

(673)

2,311

1,638

     (1,511)

        5,407 

3,896 

Net Cash Inflow/(Outflow) before Financing Activities

305

         (174)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Loan Drawdowns

Loan Principal Repayments

Loan Interest Repayments

Net Cash Generated from Financing Activities

Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents at start of year

Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year

1,500

            1,861 

(830)

(20)

650

569

386

955

        (1,261)

(41)

559

          385

              1 

                386 

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

21

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

SHARE
PREMIUM
ACCOUNT
£’000

FOREIGN
CURRENCY
RESERVE
£’000

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

SPECIAL
NON–
DISTRIB–
UTABLE
RESERVE
£’000

OTHER
RESERVE
£’000

NON–
CONTROLLING
INTEREST
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

TOTAL
EQUITY
£’000

Balance at 1.1.15

11,228  22,754

(3,211)

146

(20,426) 45,000

1,050

56,541

283 56,824

–    

(1,050)

(1,050)

–

–

– 

(283)

(283)

–    

–

(283) 

(283) 

Non–controlling Interest Transfer 
to Assets for Sale

Share option/Plant Reserve

Total Transactions with Owners

Loss for year including Minority 
Loss

Exchange Differences

Total Comprehensive Loss 

–    

–

– 

–

–

–

–

–

–

–   

–    

–    

–

–    

–

–    

–    

(146)    

1,196   

(146) 

1,196

– 

999 

999 

– 

– 

(20,032)

– 

–    

(20,032)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–     (20,032)

–    

999 

–     (19,033)

Balance at 31.12.15

11,228 22,754 

(2,212)

Total Transactions with Owners

Loss for year attributable to 
owners of the parent

Exchange Differences

Total Comprehensive Loss

–

–

–

–

–

–   

–    

–

Balance at 31.12.16

11,228 22,754 

Notes:

19

21

–    

– 

3,171

3,171

958

– 

–

– 

– 

–

–

20

(39,262) 45,000

–     37,508

–

(9,258) 

– 

(9,258) 

–

–

–

–

–

–    

–    

–

–

(9,258) 

3,171

(6,087) 

(48,520)  45,000

–     31,420 

21

–    (20,032)

–    

999 

–    (19,033)

–     37,508 

–

–

–    

(9,258) 

–     3,171

– (6,087) 

–     31,420 

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22

COMPANY STATEMENT 
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000

SHARE
PREMIUM
£’000

SHARE
OPTION
RESERVE
£’000

RETAINED
EARNINGS
£’000

SPECIAL
NON–
DISTRIB–
UTABLE
RESERVE
£’000

TOTAL
£’000

Balance at 1.1.15

11,228 

22,754 

146 

(7,521)

45,000 

71,607 

Transactions with owners

 Cancel charge for share options

Total transactions with owners

Loss for the year

Total Comprehensive Loss

– 

–

–

–   

– 

 –

–

–   

(146) 

(146) 

146 

146 

–

–   

(33,771) 

(33,771) 

 –

– 

–

–  

–

– 

(33,771)

(33,771) 

Balance at 31.12.15

11,228 

22,754 

– 

(41,146) 

45,000 

37,836

Loss for the year

Total Comprehensive Loss

Balance at 31.12.16

Notes:

–

–   

–

–   

11,228 

22,754 

19

21

–

–   

– 

20

(2,775) 

(2,775) 

–

–  

(2,775) 

(2,775) 

(43,921) 

45,000 

35,061 

21

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

23

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

1  GENERAL INFORMATION, BASIS OF PREPARATION AND NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

1a General information
 Rurelec PLC is the Group’s ultimate parent company. It is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of Rurelec’s 
registered office is given on the information page. Rurelec’s shares are traded on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange PLC.

The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities are the generation of electricity in South America.

1b Basis of preparation
 The Company and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations as adopted by the 
European Union and company law applicable to companies reporting year ended 31 December 2016.

 Going Concern
The Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis for the preparation of these financial statements. During 2016 the 
Group continued to receive funds from its joint venture in Argentina, EdS, in service of the loans to the joint venture and a wholly owned 
subsidiary Rurelec Project Finance Ltd.

The Company has been in negotiations for the prospective sales of Group assets. There exists uncertainty as to the timing of the sales 
of assets as well as the quantum of the corresponding proceeds.

During 2016 and since the year end the Company has reached payment agreements with and settled certain creditors resulting in 
an overall reduction in creditors. Until there is a disposal of assets, the Group is reliant on repayments of loans from its joint venture . 
However, the quantum  and timing of such receipts  are subject to variation and are not guaranteed. Whilst anticipated loan repayments 
from the joint venture are expected to be sufficient to meet the working capital requirements for the Group, the directors are considering 
raising additional facilities to  increase headroom.

The Group’s 100% subsidiary Cascade Hydro Ltd has outstanding third party loans of £2. 4 million (2015: £2.2 million). These loans have 
not been paid in accordance with their original payment schedules. Further details are set out in Note 24.

On the basis that the Group receives these joint venture remittances or the alternative sources of working capital, the Directors have 
assessed that the Group would have sufficient working capital based on their review of cashflow forecasts for a period of at least 
12  months from the signing of the financial statements.

1 c New accounting standards
 The Directors consider that no revisions to IFRS standards implemented in the year have had any significant effect on these statements.

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards 
have been published but are not yet effective. The Group has not early adopted any of these pronouncements. The new Standards, 
amendments and Interpretations that are expected to be relevant to the Group’s financial statements are as follows:

Standard/interpretation
IFRS 9 (2014)
IFRS 15
IFRS 16
Revisions to IAS 7

Content
Financial instruments: 
Revenue from contracts with customers
Leases
Statement of cash flows

Applicable for financial
years beginning on/after
01/01/2018
01/01/2018
01/01/2019
01/01/2017

IFRS 9, ‘Financial instruments: Classifi cation and Measurement’
The Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these standards and interpretations in future periods will have any material impact 
on the financial statements of the Group.

IFRS 15, 16 & IAS   7 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ ,  ‘Leases’  and ‘Statement of cash fl ows’
The Directors have not completed their assessment of the impact of the adoption of these standards.

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24

2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 Basis of consolidation
 The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2016. 
Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the 
ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights result 
in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the 
Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee.

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control 
of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group 
are eliminated in full on consolidation.

 The Group reports its interests in joint venture using the equity method of accounting, except when the investment is classified as held 
for sale.

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the Group and other parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the 
net assets of the arrangement (IFRS 11).  

  Under the equity method, investments in joint ventures are carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost as adjusted 
for post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of the net assets of the joint venture, less any impairment in the value of individual 
investments. Losses of a joint venture in excess of the Group’s investment in that joint venture are not recognised, unless the Group has 
incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint venture.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent 
liabilities of the joint venture recognised at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill.

The goodwill, if any is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is assessed annually for impairment as part of the 
investment. Any excess of the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the 
cost of acquisition, after reassessment, is recognised immediately as a profit or loss.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the 
joint venture. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. 
Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and subsidiary entities are eliminated. Amounts reported in the financial statements 
of subsidiary and joint venture entities have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted 
by the Group.

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are dealt with by the acquisition method. This method involves the recognition at fair value of all identifiable 
assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the acquired company, at the acquisition date, regardless of whether or not 
they were recorded in the financial statements of the entity prior to acquisition. On initial recognition, the assets and liabilities of the 
acquired entity are included in the consolidated statement of financial position at their fair values, which are also used as the bases 
for subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group’s accounting policies. Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost in the 
statement of financial position of the Company.

2.2 Goodwill
 Goodwill representing the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired 
is capitalised and reviewed annually for impairment. Goodwill is stated after separating out identifiable assets and liabilities. Goodwill is 
carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Any excess of interest in acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over fair 
value is recognised immediately after acquisition through the income statement.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

25

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

2.3 Foreign currency translation
 The financial information is presented in pounds sterling, which is also the functional currency of the parent company.

In the separate financial statements of the consolidated entities, foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency 
of the individual entity using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions (“spot exchange rate”). Foreign exchange 
gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of remaining balances at year-end exchange 
rates are recognised in the income statement within ‘other expense’.

In the consolidated financial statements, all separate financial statements of subsidiaries and joint ventures, originally presented in a 
currency different from the Group’s presentation currency, have been converted into sterling. Assets and liabilities have been translated 
into sterling at the closing rate at the reporting date. Income and expenses have been converted into sterling at the average rates 
over the reporting period. Any differences arising from this procedure have been recognised in other comprehensive income and 
accumulated in the Foreign Currency Reserve.

2.4 Income and expense recognition
Revenue represents amounts receivable for goods or services provided in the normal course of business, net of trade discounts, VAT 
and other sales-related taxes, and excluding transactions with or between Group companies. Revenues from the sale of electricity 
are recorded based upon output delivered at rates specified under contract terms or prevailing market rates as applicable. Revenue is 
recognised on the supply of electricity when a contract exists and supply has taken place. Revenue received for keeping power plants 
operating and available for despatch into the grid as required is recognised on a straight-line basis over the contractual period. During 
the year under review and the prior year, no revenues were derived from the sale of equipment purchased with a view to subsequent 
resale.

Operating expenses are recognised in the income statement upon utilisation of the service or at the date of their origin. All other income 
and expenses are reported on an accrual basis.

2.5 Dividends
Dividends, other than those from investments in associates and joint ventures, are recognised at the time the right to receive payment is 
established. No dividends were paid or received during the year (2015: nil).

2.6 Borrowing Costs
All borrowing costs are expensed as incurred except where the costs are directly attributable to specific construction projects, in which 
case the interest cost is capitalised as part of those assets.

2.7 Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. No depreciation is charged 
during the period of construction.

All operational buildings and plant and equipment in the course of construction are recorded as plant under construction until such time 
as they are brought into use by the Group. Plant under construction includes all direct expenditure and may include capitalised interest 
in accordance with the accounting policy on that subject. On completion, such assets are transferred to the appropriate asset category.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. The cost of major 
renovations and overhauls is included in the carrying amount of the assets where it is probable that the economic life of the asset is 
significantly enhanced as a consequence of the work. Major renovations and overhauls are depreciated over the expected remaining 
useful life of the work.

Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost less estimated residual value of all property, plant and equipment other than freehold 
land which is not depreciated by equal annual instalments over their estimated useful economic lives. The periods generally applicable 
are:

Plant and equipment  

3 to 15 years

Material residual values are updated as required, but at least annually. Where the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its 
estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

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26

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

2.8 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amount of its property, plant and equipment and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable 
amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the 
recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset 
belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash 
flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risks specific to the asset.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of 
the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income 
statement. The Group recognises a cash-generating unit by its ability to independently earn income. The Group carries each cash-
generating unit in an individual special purpose company so they are easily recognised.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised 
estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that 
would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of 
an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the income statement.

2.9 Non-current Assets held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
 In general IFRS 5 outlines how to account for non-current assets held for sale such that assets (or disposal groups) held for sale are 
not depreciated, are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, and are presented separately in the 
statement of financial position.

The following conditions must be met for an asset (or ‘disposal group’) to be classified as held for sale: IFRS 5.6-8

•  management is committed to a plan to sell
•  the asset is available for immediate sale
•  an active program to locate a buyer is initiated
•  the sale is highly probable, within 12 months of classification as held for sale (subject to limited exceptions)
•  the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a sales price reasonable in relation to its fair value
•  actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that plan will be significantly changed or withdrawn

 The carrying value of the assets need to be recovered principally through sale. When the Group is committed to a sale involving loss of 
control of a subsidiary that qualifies for held-for-sale classification under IFRS 5 the Group classifies all of the assets and liabilities of that 
subsidiary as held for sale, even if the entity will retain a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary after the sale. Non-current assets 
or disposal groups that are classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. 
Assets classified as held for sale, and the assets and liabilities included within a disposal group classified as held for sale, are presented 
separately on the face of the statement of financial position. The sum of the post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation and the 
post-tax gain or loss recognised on the measurement to fair value less cost to sell or fair value adjustments on the disposal of the assets 
(or disposal group) is presented as a single amount on the face of the statement of comprehensive income.

2.10 Taxation
Current income tax assets and liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, fiscal authorities relating to the current or prior 
reporting period, that are unpaid at the reporting date. They are calculated according to the tax rates and tax laws applicable to the 
fiscal periods to which they relate, based on the taxable profit for the period. All changes to current tax assets or liabilities are recognised 
as a component of tax expense in the income statement or through the statement of changes in equity.

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences. This involves the comparison of the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements with their respective tax bases. However, in accordance with 
the rules set out in IAS 12, no deferred taxes are recognised in respect of non-tax -deductible goodwill. In addition, tax losses available 
to be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided for in full with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable 
that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income. Current and deferred tax 
assets and liabilities are calculated at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided that they are 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

27

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Deferred tax is provided on differences between the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in an acquisition and the carrying value of 
the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity and on the differences relating to investments in subsidiary and joint venture companies if 
the difference is a temporary difference and is expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised as a component of tax expense in the income statement, except where 
they relate to items that are charged or credited directly to equity in which case the related deferred tax is also charged or credited 
directly to equity.

2.11 Financial assets
The Group’s financial assets include cash and cash equivalents, loans and receivables.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash at bank and in hand as well as short term highly liquid investments such as bank deposits.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payment dates that are not quoted in an active 
market. They arise when the Group provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivable. 
Receivables are measured initially at fair value and subsequently re-measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment. Any impairment is recognised in the income statement.

Trade receivables are provided against when objective evidence is received that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due to 
it in accordance with the original terms of the receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the 
assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows.

2.12 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial instruments and are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the 
contractual provisions of the instrument. All transaction costs are recognised immediately in the income statement.

A financial liability is derecognised only when the obligation is extinguished, that is when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or 
expires.

Bank and other loans are raised for support of short-term funding of the Group’s operations. They are recognised initially at fair value, 
net of transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Finance charges, 
including premiums payable on settlement or redemption, and direct issue costs are charged to the income statement on an accruals 
basis using the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the instrument to the extent that they are not settled 
in the period in which they arise.

2.13 Operating leases
Leases where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases and are 
accounted for on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and charged to the income statement.

2.14 Inventories
Inventories in the Company comprise turbines and associated spare parts and similar items for use in the Group’s plant and equipment. 
Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

2.15 Shareholders’ equity
Equity attributable to the shareholders of the parent company comprises the following:

“Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares.
“Share premium account” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity shares, net of 
expenses of the share issue.
“Foreign currency reserve” represents the differences arising from translation of investments in overseas subsidiaries.
“Share option reserve” represents the fair value of options granted and outstanding at the year-end.
“Retained earnings” represents retained profits.
“Special Non-distributable reserves” comprises the reduction of the share premium account.
“Other Reserves” represent plant revaluation reserves.

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28

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

2.16 Pensions
During the year under review, the Group did not operate or contribute to any pension schemes (2015: Nil).

2.17 Segment reporting
In identifying its operating segments, management follows the Group’s geographic locations and are reported in a manner consistent 
with the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The activities undertaken by segments are the generation of electricity in their country of 
incorporation within South America.

Each of the operating segments is managed separately as the rules and regulations vary from country to country.

The measurement policies used by the Group for segment reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those used in the financial 
statements.

3.  KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES
When preparing the financial statement, management make a number of judgements, estimates and assumptions about the recognition 
and measurement of assets, liabilities income and expenses. The actual results may differ from the judgements, estimates and 
assumptions made and will seldom equal the estimated results. The areas which management consider are likely to be most affected by 
the significant judgements, estimates and assumptions on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are:

a) Useful lives of depreciable assets – management review, with the assistance of external expert valuers, the useful lives of depreciable 
assets at each reporting date. Actual results, however, may vary due to changes in technology and industry practices.

b) Impairment – management review tangible and intangible assets at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any 
indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. This review process includes making assumptions about future events, 
circumstances and operating results. The actual results may vary from those expected and could therefore cause significant adjustments 
to the carrying value of the Group’s assets. Details of the assumptions underlying management’s forecasts for the Group’s main Cash 
Generating Unit (“CGU”) are set out in Note 15.

c) Management have assessed that we do not control the Argentine Joint Venture and therefore have treated the joint venture in 
accordance with IAs 28 (see Note 26). This assessment is based on the lack of joint control over the investee and due to the exposure 
to variable returns from its involvement with the investee.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

29

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

4.  SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Management currently identifies the Group’s four geographic operating segments; Argentina, Chile, Peru and the head office in the 
UK, as operating segments as further described in the accounting policy note. These operating segments are monitored and strategic 
decisions are made on the basis of segment operating results. The Groups joint venture operations in Argentina have been excluded, 
see note 26 for more detail.

The following tables provide an analysis of the operating results, total assets and liabilities, capital expenditure and depreciation for 2016 
and 2015 for each geographic segment.

a) 12 months to 31.12.2016

 Revenue

 Cost of Sales

Gross Profit/(Loss)

Administrative Expenses

Profit/(Loss) from Operations

Other (Expense)/Income

Foreign Exchange (Losses)/Gains

Finance Income

Finance Expense

(Loss)/Profit before Tax

Tax Expense

(Loss)/Profit for the year

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

 Depreciation

CHILE
£’000

PERU
£’000

UK
£’000

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000

–

–

–

(130)

(130)

(7,745)

374

–

(572)

–

–

–

(683)

(683)

(2,714)

(1,847)

–

(820)

(8,073)

(6,065)

(4)

–

95

–

95

(1,644)

(1,549)

–

2,718

3,845

(117)

4,897

–

(8,077)

(6,065)

4,897

TOTAL
£’000

95

–

95

(2,420)

(2,325)

(10,500) 

1,24 3

2,683

(355)

–

–

–

37

37

 (41)

( 2)

(1,162)

1,154

(13) 

(9,254) 

–

(4)

(13) 

(9,258) 

2,193

10,096

–

2,207

(3,619)

26

38,79 9 

3,738

–

(4,06 6) 

(2,502) 

 –

39,133 

7,713 

26

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30

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

b) 12 months to 31.12.2015

 Revenue

Cost of Sales

Gross Profit/(Loss)

Administrative Expenses

Profit/(Loss) from Operations

Other (Expense)/Income

Foreign Exchange (Losses)/Gains

Finance Income

Finance Expense

(Loss)/Profit before Tax

Tax Expense

(Loss)/Profit for the year

Total Assets

Total Liabilities

Capital Expenditure

Depreciation

CHILE
£’000

PERU
£’000

–

–

–

(139)

(139)

(2,345)

(165)

(802)

–

–

–

–

(1,760)

(1,760)

(245)

(1,828)

(508)

(361)

UK
£’000

179

(22)

157

(2,573)

(2,416)

(1,669)

1,887

3,695

(88)

CONSOLIDATION
ADJUSTMENTS
£’000

–

–

–

37

37

TOTAL
£’000

179

(22)

157

(4,435)

(4,278)

(13,313)

(17,572)

–

–

(9)

(106)

2,385

(458)

(3,451)

(4,702)

1,409

(13,285)

(20,029)

–

(3)

–

–

(3)

(3,451)

(4,705)

1,409

(13,285)

(20,032)

6,688

6,510

–

–

3,644

718

–

45

41,338

3,502

–

3

(7,534)

(4,102)

44,136

6,628

–

–

–

48

5  EXCHANGE RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
The key exchange rates applicable to the results were as follows:

 i) Closing rate

AR $ (Argentine Peso) to £

US $ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

ii) Average rate

AR $ (Argentine Peso) to £

US $ to £

CLP (Chilean Peso) to £

PEN (Peruvian Sol) to £

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15

19.71

1.2302

795.4

3.38

20.08

1.3448

902.1

3.38

19.25

1.4824

1,048.2

4.96

14.38

1.5256

1,005.2

4.82

 If the exchange rate of sterling at 31 December 2016 had been stronger or weaker by 10 per cent. from the above. with all other 
variables held constant, shareholder equity at 31 December 2016 would have been £0.1 million (2015: £2.5 million) lower or higher than 
reported.

If the average exchange rate of sterling during 2016 had been stronger or weaker by 10  per cent. with all other variables held constant, 
the profit for the year would have been £0.1 million (2015: £0.2 million) higher or lower than reported.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

31

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

6  COST OF SALES

Expenditure incurred in cost of sales is as follows: 

 Other 

7  ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Expenditure incurred in administrative expenses is as follows:

Payroll and social security

Services, legal and professional

Office costs and general overheads

Audit services1

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

–

–

22

22

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,090

679

611

40

2,420

1,728

1,095

1,539

73

4,435

1 

  Audit services include £40.0k (2015: £72.5k) paid to the auditors for the audit of the Company and the Group financial statements. . Fees paid to other 
auditors, in respect of the audit of joint venture companies, amounted to £21.5k (2015: £13.4k). The auditors also provided tax advice for the Group in 
the year, the costs were £6.6k.

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32

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

8  EMPLOYEE COSTS

a) Group

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Group, including Directors, during the year was as follows:

Management

Development

Administration

Total

b) Company

Aggregate remuneration of all employees and Directors, including social security costs

The average number of employees in the Company, including Directors, during year was as follows:

Management

Administration

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

1,090

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,728

NUMBER

NUMBER

4

4

6

14

4

16

11

31

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

802

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

1,405

NUMBER

NUMBER

2

5

7

4

5

9

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

33

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

c) Directors’ remuneration, including social security costs
 The total remuneration paid to the Directors was £400k (2015: £859k). The total remuneration of the highest paid Director was £226k 
(2015: £235k). Other emoluments paid in 2015 were health insurance costs £10k, there were no bonuses, pension costs or share 
based payments paid during the year (2015: Nil)

 P. Earl

E. Shaw

A. Morris

M. Blanco

C Emson

B Rowbotham

P Galante

M Keegan

S Morris

A Coveney

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

Base Salary/Fee

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

Total

–

90

21

–

–

30

–

17

226

16

400

–

90

21

–

–

30

–

17

226

16

400

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

Total

235

183

169

30

25

30

7

84

96

–

859

 E. Shaw resigned 14 July 2015, she received payments in 2016 according to her contract. These payments ceased in July 2016.

A. Morris resigned 14 July 2015, he received payments in 2016 for consultancy services under a service agreement contract with Setley 
Consultants Ltd.

B. Rowbotham provided services under a service agreement contract with Mountbeach Associates Ltd.

M. Keegan resigned 14 December 2015, he received payments in 2016 according to a service contract with Ashton Agricultural & 
General Ltd. These payments ceased in January 2016.

S. Morris provided services under a service agreement contract with S.C.Morris Ltd.

A Coveney provided services under a service agreement contract with Coveney Associates Consulting Ltd.

9  (a) OTHER EXPENSE

Foreign exchange gains/(losses)

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

1,243

1,243

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(106)

(106)

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34

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

(b) OTHER EXPENSE

 Realised loss on disposal

IPC

Asset impairment 

Turbines for Central Illapa

Impairment provisions

Argentina

Peru

Chile (Arica Project)

Total

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

41

1,669

6,440 

 –

2,714 

1,305 

10,500 

–

13,313

245

2,345

17,572

 During the year the directors tested all major assets for indication of impairment  the results of these were:

TURBINES FOR CENTRAL ILLAPA (CHILE):
Carrying Value b/fwd 
Recoverable amount  
Impairment in year 
Carrying value c/fwd 

£16.2m
£9.8m
£6.4m
£9.8m

      The impairment resulted from the deterioration of market conditions in Chile for the generation market. The carrying value of the turbines 
is based on the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. The Directors obtained an independent valuation to determine an 
achievable market valuation, less costs to sell. As a result, the Directors determined a recoverable amount of £9.8 million ($12  million). 
The realisation of the asset is dependent on a successful future sale or successful development of the Illapa Project, both of which are 
uncertain.

The Illapa turbines are included within Property, Plant and Equipment.

HELD FOR SALE ASSET (     PERU)
Net assets held for sale b/fwd 
Net assets h eld for sale c/fwd 
Movement 
represented by:
Increase in impairment provision 
add back:
loss in year in Peru 
Foreign exchange revaluation 
Movement 

£2.9m
£1.0m
£1.9m

£2.7m

£0.6m
£0.2m
£1.9m

The impairment was determined by expected net proceeds from asset sales. At present the assets are being marketed, however there 
is currently no guarantee of a sale. The value is determined by historic offers. The carrying value is assessed as fair value less costs to 
sell. The principal assets are the development rights in respect of three Hydro projects in Peru, one with a performance bond of 
$3 million. 

These assets are presented as a Held for Sale asset on the Statement of Financial Position.     

TURBINE – ARICA (CHILE)
Carrying value of Arica turbine b/fwd 
Foreign exchange revaluation 
Impairment in year 
Carrying value of Arica turbine b/fwd 

£2.0m
£0.3m
£1.3m
£1.0m

The impairment was determined by the diminution of expected net realisable proceeds from sale of the turbine. The carrying value is 
assessed as fair value less costs to sell, based on historic offers and an independent valuation report. The asset is included in Property, 
Plant and Equipment.     

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

35

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

10 FINANCE INCOME & EXPENSE

Inter-group interest received/receivable1

Bank interest

Total interest income

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

2,676

7

2,683

2,376

9

2,385

Interest expense paid/payable on bank borrowings and loans2

(355)

(458)

1 

2 

  Inter-group interest arises on loans by the Company to its 50 per cent. owned joint venture companies (PEL and EdS). Interest on inter-group loans has 
been charged at rates of between 0 per cent. and 11.1 per cent. Interest is charged on gross loan values. 
  Interest paid/payable includes interest on bank borrowings and other loans in Peru. The details of the amounts due under the loans are shown in Note 24.

Sensitivity analysis arising from changes in borrowing costs is set out in Note 24.

11 TAX EXPENSE
 The relationship between the expected tax expense at basic rate of 20 per cent. (2015: 20 per cent.) and the tax expense actually 
recognised in the income statement can be reconciled as follows:

 Result for the year before tax

Standard rate of corporation tax in UK

Expected tax credit

Permanent differences

Unrecognised loss carried forward

Actual tax expense

Comprising:

  Current tax expense

  Deferred tax/(net credit)

Total credit (expense)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(9,254) 

20.00%

(1,851) 

–

 1,851

(4)

(4)

–

(4)

(20,029)

20.00%

(4,006)

(3)

4,006

(3)

(3)

–

(3)

 A deferred tax asset credit for the year £ 1.9  million is not recognised as an asset due to the uncertainty and unknown timing of its 
realisation against future profits. The estimated accumulated unrecognised deferred tax asset is £ 1.9 million .

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

12 EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss for the period attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of 
shares in issue during the period.

 Average number of shares in issue

Result for the year

Loss attributable to equity holders of the parent

Basic loss per share

Diluted loss per share

There is no difference between the Basic and Diluted loss per share.

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15

561,387,586

561,387,586 

£(9.3)m 

(1.65p) 

(1.65p) 

£(20.0)m

(3.57p)

(3.57p)

13 HOLDING COMPANY’S RESULT FOR THE YEAR
 As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the holding company’s income statement is not shown separately in the 
financial statements. The loss for the year was £ 2.8 million (2015: loss £33.8 million).

14 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 a) Group

Cost at 1.1.15

Exchange adjustments

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale

Impairments

Cost at 31.12.15

Exchange adjustments

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale

Impairments

Cost at 31.12.16

Accumulated Depreciation at 1.1.15

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Accumulated Depreciation at 31.12.15

Exchange adjustments

Charge for the year

Transfer of Assets Held for Sale

Accumulated Depreciation at 31.12.16

Net book value – 31.12.16

Net book value – 31.12.15

LAND
£’000

72

–

–

(72)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
£’000

PLANT UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
£’000

16,255

–

–

(60)

16,195

–

–

(6,440) 

9,75 5

21

–

48

69

–

26

–

95

5,863

(1,408)

–

(1,364)

3,091

(606)

–

(969) 

1,5 16

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

TOTAL
£’000

22,190

(1,408)

–

(1,496)

19,286

(606)

–

(7,409)

11,271

21

–

48

69

–

26

–

95

9,660 

16,126

1,516 

3,091

11,176

19,217

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

37

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

 The Property, plant and equipment of £9.8 million relates to two Siemens turbines, stored in Venice for use in Central Illapa purchased 
for $25.0 million , at the year -end deferred consideration of £1.5 million  remains outstanding. Post year end £1.0 million  has been repaid. 
Please see note 9b for details of impairment charged in the year. The turbines are held as inventory in the Company.

Plant under construction comprises of a turbine plant in Chile £1.0 million and Central Illapa development costs of £0.5 million.

b) Company

The Company had no property, plant and equipment.

 As set out in note 24 the Company has outstanding loans from BPAC . Security on these loans include a pledge over all assets of the 
Group .

15 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 At 1 January 2016

Revaluation

At 31 December 2016

At 1 January 2015

Disposal of IPC

At 31 December 2015

GOODWILL
£’000

23

6

29

1,321

(1,298)

23

 The Group tests goodwill annually or more frequently if there are indications that the intangible asset might be impaired. The recoverable 
amounts are determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding the 
future cash flows (for a period of 5 years) which are based on the most recent financial projections prepared for each Cash Generating 
Unit (“CGU”). The projections incorporate management’s assumptions regarding revenue volumes, revenue prices, operating costs, 
including gas and forecast growth and are based on historical experience and current information. A long-term discount rate, derived 
from market data on comparable interest rates in the local markets in which the Group operates, is then applied to the projected future 
cash flows. The equity discount rate applied is 13 per cent. (2015 – 13 per cent.).

Central Illapa SA is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Rurelec , the goodwill on acquisition was £23k.

16 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

a) Group – current

Trade receivables

Amounts due from joint venture companies1

Other receivables and prepayments

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

119

24,34 5 

297

24,76 1 

607

20,103

156

20,866

1 

  Amounts due from joint venture companies represent the amounts lent by the Company, net of impairments, to PEL and EdS, including credit support 
provided to suppliers of EdS. Interest on these amounts has been accrued at rates of between 11.1 per cent. and 0 per cent. per annum.

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38

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

b) Company – current

 Loans to Joint Ventures2

Loans to Subsidiaries1

Other receivables and prepayments

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

17,551 

10,343

95

27,989 

20,103

4,149

405

24,657

 The amounts owed by subsidiary companies include:

1 

2 

 Loans to subsidiaries in Chile £8.5 million and Peru £12.9 million are repayable on demand.  These loans have been impaired to £2.4 million in Chile and 
by £1.3 million in Peru. The loans to Chile and Peru bear  zero per cent. interest rates. The loans to Peru are expected to be recovered once the assets 
have been sold, which management expect to occur during 2017.
 The amounts owed by joint venture companies are interest bearing at rates of between 0 per cent. and 11 per cent. and are repayable on demand. 
During the  year the Group received US $3.0 million from EdS in service of the amounts due of £6.8 million (2015: £6.7 million) .

All trade and other receivables are unsecured and are not past their due by dates. The fair values of receivables are not materially 
different to the carrying values shown above.

As set out in note 24 the Company has outstanding loans from BPAC . Security on these loans includes a pledge over all assets of the 
Group.

17 INVENTORIES

Company – Inventories

Inventories

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

9,755

16,195

 Inventories comprises of two Siemens 701DU Turbines acquired from IPSA  in June 2013. Further details of which are set out in note  14. 
An impairment was recognised in the year, see note 9b.  No expense has been recognised in the income statement in respect of 
inventories other than impairment (2015: nil).

As set out in note 24 the Company has outstanding loans from BPAC . Security on these loans includes a pledge over all the assets of 
the Group .

18 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

a) Group

Cash and short-term bank deposits
b) Company

Cash and short-term bank deposits

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

960

955

386

386

 Cash and short-term bank deposits are held, where the balance is material, in interest bearing bank accounts, accessible at between 1 
and 30 days’ notice. The effective average interest rate is less than 1 per cent. The Group holds cash balances to meet its day-to-day 
requirements.

As set out in note 24 the Company has outstanding loans from B PAC. Security on these loans includes a pledge over all the assets of 
the Group.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

39

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

19 SHARE CAPITAL

In issue, called up and fully paid

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

561,387,586 ordinary shares of 2p each (201 5: 561,387,586)

11,228

11,228

20 SHARE OPTION RESERVE

 Balance at 1 January 2016

Change for the Year

Cancellation of share option scheme

Balance at 31 December 2016

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000
–

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000
146

–

–

–

(146)

–

21 SPECIAL NON-DISTRIBUTABLE RESERVE
 On 17 December 2014 The High Court approved the reduction in the share premium account of the company of £45,000,000 and 
the creation of a special reserve in the accounts of the Group. The Group had accumulated losses on its profit and loss account of 
£7,371,683. The existence of these losses prevents the Company from paying dividends to its shareholders out of future profits until 
these losses have been eliminated. The Board considered that the accumulated losses represented a permanent loss and given the 
size of the accumulated losses, there was in the opinion of the Board no reasonable prospect of the losses being eliminated in the short 
term. It was proposed that the permanent loss should be recognised by eliminating the deficit on the profit and loss account. This would 
be achieved by the reduction in the balance on the Share Premium Account of the Company.

The Company had built up a substantial Share Premium Account through the issue of shares for cash at values in excess of the nominal 
value of those shares. At the time of the High Court hearing, the balance standing to the credit of the share premium account was 
£67,835,921. A resolution was proposed and successfully passed at a General Meeting on 25 November 2014 to reduce the amount 
standing to the credit of the share premium account of the Company by £45,000,000 from £67,835,921 to £22,835,921.

The resolution was subsequently confirmed by the High Court in the terms proposed at the time by your Board, the effect of the Capital 
Reduction was to release part of the amount standing to the credit of the Share Premium Account of the Company so that £45,000,000 
(i) may be used by the Company to eliminate the deficit on the profit and loss account and (ii) the balance credited to the distributable 
reserves of the Company to allow the Company to pay dividends in due course.

Share issue costs of £82,233 have been offset against the Share Premium account, which is now shown at £22,753,689.

The implementation of the Capital Reduction is subject to a number of criteria which are explained further below.

Capital Reduction – Share Premium Account
 Share premium is treated as part of the capital of the Company and arises on the issue by the Company of shares at a premium to their 
nominal value. The premium element is credited to the Share Premium Account. The Company is generally precluded from the payment 
of any dividends or other distributions or the redemption or buy back of its issued shares in the absence of sufficient distributable 
reserves, and the Share Premium Account can be applied by the Company only for limited purposes.

In particular, the Share Premium Account is a non-distributable capital reserve and the Company’s ability to use any amount credited to 
that reserve is limited by the Companies Act. However, with the confirmed approval of our shareholders by way of a special resolution 
and subsequent confirmation by the High Court, the Company has reduced our Company’s share premium account and credited it to 
the profit and loss account.

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40

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

 To the extent that the release of such a sum from the Share Premium Account creates or increases a credit on the profit and loss 
account, that sum represents distributable reserves of the Company subject to the restrictions set out below.

Capital Reduction – Procedure
 In order to approve the Capital Reduction, the High Court was required to be satisfied that the interests of the Company’s creditors 
will not be prejudiced by the Capital Reduction. The Company was not required to seek written consent to the Capital Reduction from 
its creditors. However, for the benefit of those of its creditors from whom consent is not required, the Company will not be capable of 
making a distribution to shareholders until any such outstanding obligations have been discharged, and the Company has given an 
undertaking to that effect to the High Court. At the date of the audit report there are some £ 1.5 million of creditors to be settled. The 
Board of Directors consider that these amounts will be settled in the short term and therefore the £45 million remains within a Special 
Reserve which is non-distributable until these settlements have occurred.

The Capital Reduction does not affect the number of Shares in issue, the nominal value per Share or the voting or dividend rights of any 
Shareholder.

22 TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

 a) Group – current

Trade payables

Accruals

b) Company – current

Trade payables

Accruals

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

2,434

–
2,434

2,065

2,065

2,856

–
2,856

2,592

–

2,592

 After the year end, the directors agreed formal settlement terms with IPSA . The directors note that IPSA  reported the amount owed by 
Rurelec as £1.5  million in the accounts for the year ended 30 September 2016. On this basis, the directors have deemed it appropriate 
to recognise £1.5  million as owing to IPSA  at the year-end.

23 TAX LIABILITIES

 Group/Company – current

P.A.Y.E.

VAT

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

12

–

12

–

–

–

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

41

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

24 BORROWINGS

 Group – Current

Other Loans

Group –Total Borrowings

The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows:

Within 1 year

In more than 1 year, but less than 2 years

In more than 2 years, but less than 3 years

In more than 3 years

Company – Current

Other Loans

Company –Total Borrowings

The Group’s borrowings are repayable as follows:

Within 1 year

In more than 1 year, but less than 2 years

In more than 2 years, but less than 3 years

In more than 3 years

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

4,037
4,037

4,037

4,037

–

–

–

4,037

1,661

1,661

1,661

1,661

–

–

–

1,661

3,054
3,054

3,054

3,054

–

–

–
3,054

910

910

910

910

–

–

–

910

Group
 Other loans of £4.0 million (2015: £3.1 million) including accrued interest are made up of £2.3 million (2015: £2.2 million) from 
Technology Finance Ltd, these loans were past their due dates in prior years. The defaults have not been remedied nor the terms 
renegotiated by the date of this report . The Directors consider that the existence of this liability does not implicate on the going concern 
status of the Group as the parent company has not guaranteed the debts of its Peruvian subsidiaries. 

£1.7 million (2015: £nil) from B PAC this loan is secured by a pledge against the Group’s assets, the loan becomes due on 30 June 2018 
or upon any significant asset sales. £nil Radix Investments UK Ltd (2015: £611k) and Grange Capital Ltd £nil (2015: £225k).

Company
Other loans of £1.7 million (2015:  nil) including accrued interest are from B PAC this loan is secured by a pledge against the Group’s 
assets, the loan becomes due on 30 June 2018 or upon any significant asset sales (2015: £611k Radix Investments UK Ltd, £225k 
Grange Capital Ltd and £75k Technology Finance Ltd).

Sensitivity analysis to changes in interest rates:
If interest rates on the Group’s borrowings during the year had been 0.5 per cent. higher or lower with all other variables held constant, 
the interest expense and pre-tax profits would have had a nominal impact on earnings.

Sensitivity analysis to changes in exchange rates:
Only US $480k (2015: US $375k) of these loans are denominated in US $. These are included in liabilities held for sale. As a result, the 
liability to the Group’s lenders will change as exchange rates change. The overall effect on the Group’s net equity which would arise from 
changes in exchange rates is set out in Note 5 above.

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42

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

The effect on borrowings alone if exchange rates weakened or strengthened by 10 per cent. with all other variables held constant would 
be to reduce or increase the value of the Group’s borrowings and equity by £20k (2015: £5k).

The Group’s Joint Venture borrowings are denominated in AR $ and US $ and are substantially related to specific electricity generating 
assets and therefore the effect on the net equity of the Group is limited.

25 INVESTMENTS

 Cost at 1 January 2015

Additions during the year:

 impairment in Cascade Hydro Limited

Impairment in Patagonia Energy Ltd

Disposal of IPC

Balance at 31 December 2015

 Cost at 1 January 2016

Additions during the year:

Balance at 31 December 2016

At the year-end the Company held the following investments:

 Direct investments:

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

9,755

(179)

(8,178)

(1,298)

100

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

100

–

100

1.   50 per cent. (2015: 50 per cent) of the issued share capital of Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), a company registered in the British 
Virgin Islands under registration number 620522. PEL owns 100 per cent. of the issued share capital of  EdS , a company registered 
in Argentina. EdS is a generator and supplier of electricity to the national grid in Argentina.

2.   100 per cent. (2015: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Birdsong Overseas Ltd (“BOL”), a company registered in the British 

Virgin Islands, under registration number 688032. 

3.   100 per cent. (2015: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Cascade Hydro Limited (“CHL”), a company registered in England 

and Wales under registration number 7640689. CHL owns, through intermediate holding companies, 100 per cent. interest in 
Electricidad Andina, S.A. and 97 per cent. of Empresa de Generacion Electrica Colca, S.A.C., both being companies registered in 
Peru.

4.   100 per cent. (2015: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Cochrane Power Limited, a company registered in England 

and Wales under registration number 8220905. Cochrane Power Limited owned at the year-end, through intermediate holding 
companies, 100 per cent. interest in Central Illapa, S.A. and 100 per cent. interest in Termoelectrica del Norte, S.A., both being 
companies registered in Chile.

5.   100 per cent. (2015: 100 per cent.) of the issued share capital of Rurelec Project Finance Limited a company registered in England 

and Wales under registration number 7523554.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

43

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Indirect investments:

NAME

Energia del Sur SA*

Electrica del Sur SA*

SEA Energy SA**

Bolivia Integrated Energy Limited***

Rurelec Chile SpA****

Rurelec Chile Limitata****

Termoelectrica del Norte SA****

Central Illapa SA****

TRADING ADDRESS/REGISTERED ADDRESS

INTEREST HELD

Arroyo 880, Piso 2
C1007AAB
Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires
Argentina

Arroyo 880, Piso 2
C1007AAB
Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires
Argentina

Arroyo 880, Piso 2
C1007AAB
Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires
Argentina

C/O Nerine Trust Company Limited
Nerine House
PO Box 434
St George’s Place
St Peter Port
Guernsey
Channel Islands
GY1 3ZG

C/O Guerrero Olivos
Av Vitacura 2939
Piso 8
Las Condes
Santiago de Chile
Santiago
Chile

C/O Guerrero Olivos
Av Vitacura 2939
Piso 8
Las Condes
Santiago de Chile
Santiago
Chile

C/O Guerrero Olivos
Av Vitacura 2939
Piso 8
Las Condes
Santiago de Chile
Santiago
Chile

C/O Guerrero Olivos
Av Vitacura 2939
Piso 8
Las Condes
Santiago de Chile
Santiago
Chile

50%

50%

100%

100%

100%

99.99%

100%

100%

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44

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

NAME

TRADING ADDRESS/REGISTERED ADDRESS

Cascade Hydro Power SAC*****

CHP Construcciones SAC*****

Electricidad Andina SA*****

Empresa de Generacion Electrica Huasicancha 
SAC*****

Empresa de Generacion Electrica Colca 
SAC*****

Empresa de Generacion Electrica Chilcay 
SAC*****

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

Av. Canaval y Moreyra 452
Pisos 15 – 17
Lima 27
Peru

 *Held via Patagonia Energy Limited and equity accounted as a joint venture, see Note 26
**Held via Rurelec Project Finance Limited
***Held via Birdsong Overseas Limited
****Held via Cochrane Power Limited
*****Held via Cascade Hydro Limited

INTEREST HELD

99.99%

99.99%

99.99%

99.99%

97%

99.99%

The results of all of the above directly and indirectly held subsidiaries have been included in the consolidated group accounts except 
where joint ventures are equity accounted as indicated.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

45

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

26 JOINT VENTURE
 The Group’s only joint arrangement within the scope of IFRS 11  is its 50 per cent. investment in Patagonia Energy Limited (“PEL”), which 
owns 100% of  EdS  in Argentina. Management has reviewed the classification of PEL in accordance with  IFRS 11 and has concluded 
that it is a joint  venture and therefore we have accounted for our interest in the PEL joint venture using the equity accounting method as 
 set out in IAS 28.

The Group does not participate in losses of the joint venture. In prior years the losses had exceeded the investment in the joint venture 
and therefore the Group has not recognised its share of losses in the joint venture . During 2016 the joint venture made a loss. Total loss 
position at the year-end was £38.3 million (2015: £29.8 million).

The following table sets out the results of the joint venture  in Argentina of which the Group has a 50 per cent. share.

 Revenue

Expenses
Non-current Assets

Current Assets

Non-current Liabilities

Current Liabilities

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000
18,650

(20,184)
10,963

9,705

(38,471)

(15,978)

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000
17,815

(24,075)
15,544 

8,471 

(31,514)

(18,678)

 Revenue is derived from one principal customer, which the directors consider is of a high quality.

27 RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAX TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

a) Group

 Loss for the year before tax
Net Finance Income

Adjustments for: Depreciation

  Unrealised Exchange Gains

  Write down of loans

  Loss on disposal

  Write down of Turbine

Impairment of Goodwill

Movement in Working Capital:

  Change in Trade and Other Receivables

  Change in Trade and Other Payables

Cash Used in Operations

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(9,254) 
(2,328)

26

(1,243)

2,662 

–

6,44 0

(6)

1,09 6

 541

(2,066)

(20,029)
(1,927)

48

106

15,903

1,669

–

–

(1,366)

51

(5,545)

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46

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

b) Company

 (Loss)/Profit for the year Before Tax
Net Finance Income

Adjustments for:

  Unrealised exchange (gains) on loans

  Movement in share option reserve

  Write down of investments

  Write down of loans

  Loss on disposal

  Stock write down

Movement in working capital:

  Change in trade and other receivables

  Change in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

(2,775 )
(3,737)

(4,137)

2,66 2

 –

–

6,44 0

 581

(367)

(1,333)

(33,771)
(3,482)

(1,819)

–

8,357

26,684

1,669
–

1,062

(2,770)

(4,070)

28 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
 The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Group’s risk 
management is coordinated to secure the Group’s short to medium-term cash flows by minimising its exposure to financial markets. The 
Group does not actively engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options. The most significant 
risks to which the Group is exposed are described below:

a) Foreign currency risk
The Group is exposed to translation and transaction foreign exchange risk. Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of these assets 
and liabilities are taken to the  income statement of the Group. The Group’s principal trading operations are based in South America and 
as a result the Group has exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations in the principal currencies used in South America. The Group 
also has exposure to the US $ as a result of borrowings denominated in this currency.

b) Interest rate risk
Group funds are invested in short-term deposit accounts, with a maturity of less than three months, with the objective of maintaining a 
balance between accessibility of funds and competitive rates of return.

c) Capital management policies and liquidity risk
The Group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, share premium, accumulated retained earnings and other 
reserves.

The Group’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.

The Company meets its capital needs primarily by equity financing. The Group sets the amount of capital it requires to fund the Group’s 
project evaluation costs and administration expenses. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light 
of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

The Company and Group do not have any derivative instruments or hedging instruments. It has been determined that a sensitivity 
analysis will not be representative of the Company’s and Group’s position in relation to market risk and therefore  no such analysis has 
 been undertaken.

As set out in Note 24, the Group has £4.0 million of loans falling due within 12 months. The directors consider that the Group will be 
able to raise sufficient funds from the sale of assets and from other sources to  discharge the loans.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

47

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

The following table sets out when the Group’s financial obligations fall due:

 Current – due within 1 year:
  Trade payables

  Tax liabilities
  Borrowings
Total due within 1 year:

Non-current – due in more than 1 year but less than 5 years
  Borrowings

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

2,434

12

4,037
6,483

Nil

2,856

4,493

3,054
5,910

Nil

d) Credit risk
 Generally, the maximum credit risk exposure of financial assets is the carrying amount of the financial assets as shown on the face of 
the balance sheet (or in the detailed analysis provided in the notes to the financial statements). Credit risk, therefore, is only disclosed 
in circumstances where the maximum potential loss differs significantly from the financial asset’s carrying value. The Group’s trade and 
other receivables are actively monitored to avoid significant concentrations of credit risk.

e) Fair values
 In the opinion of the Directors, there is no significant difference between the fair values of the Group’s and the Company’s assets and 
liabilities and their carrying values and none of Group’s and the Company’s trade and other receivables are considered to be impaired.

The financial assets and liabilities of the Group and the Company are classified as follows:

31 December 2016

 Trade and Other Receivables > 1 year

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Trade and Other Payables > 1 year

Trade and Other Payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Total

 COMPANY LOANS 
AND RECEIVABLES
£’000

 COMPANY 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

GROUP LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

GROUP 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

–

27,989 

955

–

–

–

–

28,084 

–

–

–

–

(2,077)

–

(1,661)

(3,738)

–

24,76 1 

960

–

–

–

–

25,72 1 

–

–

–

–

(2,446)

–

(4,037)

(6,483)

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48

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

31 December 2015

 Trade and Other Receivables > 1 year

Trade and Other Receivables < 1 year

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Trade and Other Payables > 1 year

Trade and Other Payables < 1 year

Borrowings > 1 year

Borrowings < 1 year

Total

 COMPANY LOANS 
AND RECEIVABLES
£’000

 COMPANY 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

GROUP LOANS AND 
RECEIVABLES
£’000

GROUP 
BORROWINGS 
AND PAYABLES AT 
AMORTISED COST
£’000

–

24,657

386

–

–

–

–

25,043

–

–

–

–

(2,592)

–

(910)

(3,502)

–

20,866

386

–

–

–

–

21,251

–

–

–

–

(2,856)

–

(3,054)

(5,910)

29 CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
 The Group had outstanding capital commitments of £Nil (2015: Nil) in respect of plant ordered but not delivered at the year-end.

30 FINANCIAL LEASE COMMITMENTS
 At the year end the Group had the following outstanding lease commitments :

Offi ce equipment

 Up to 1 year
More than 1 year less than 5 years

2016
£’000

50
59

109

2015
£’000

50
107

157

 Since the year-end the office equipment leases have been novated to Independent Power Corporation PLC, the Group has no 
responsibility for the assets covered or liability for future repayments.

Offi ce premises
 Less than one year £25,522 (2015: £nil).

Office premises relates to the Companies office.

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

49

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

31 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the year the Company and the Group entered into material transactions with related parties as follows:

a) Company
 i)  Paid salaries to directors and amounting to £0.4 million (2015: £0.9 million)

ii)   Paid, to its former 100 per cent. subsidiary Independent Power Corporation PLC (“IPC”) £0.1 million under a Consultancy 

Agreement. (2015: £0.1 million under a “Shared Service Agreement”).

 Sales
Purchases

Y/E debtor

Y/E creditor

2016
£’000

40
125

–

160

2015
£’000

85
125

–

146

 iii)   Charged interest on loans to its 100% subsidiary Rurelec Project Finance Ltd (“RPFL”) totalling £1.4 million (2015: £528k). The loan 
balance outstanding at the year-end was £6.7 million (2015: £6.8 million). In 2015 an impairment of £6.8 million was made this was 
reversed in 2016.

Y/E debtor

Y/E creditor

2016
£’000
6,693

1,367

2015
£’000
–

528

 iv)   Charged interest on loans to its 50% owned joint venture company, Patagonia Energy Ltd (“PEL”) amounting to £2.8 million (2015: 

£2.2 million). Received loan repayments of £1.2 million The loan balances at the year-end totalled £1 7.5 million (2015: £20.1 million). 
Interest on these loans has been accrued at 11.1%. The total outstanding before impairment is £3 8.3 million (2015: £26.0 million). 
These loans have been impaired to £1 7.5 million.

 Y/E  deb tor

Repayment

Interest charged

2016
£’000
17,551 

1,238

2,820

2015
£’000
20,100

–

2,200

 v)   Received from its joint venture company Energia del Sur S.A. (“EdS”) repayments totalling £nil (2015: £nil) of support previously given 

to creditors of EdS. £0.5 million (2015: £0.7 million) of credit support remains outstanding at the year end.

vi)   a) Charged IPSA Group PLC (“IPSA”) £55k (2015: £ 93k) under a “Shared Service Agreement”. b) Repaid £0.1 million of deferred 

consideration on the 2013 turbine purchase, £1.5 million remains outstanding at the year end. P.R.S. Earl and S Laker are Directors 
of IPSA.

 Sales
Purchases

Y/E debtor

Y/E creditor

2016
£’000

55
–

–

1,510

2015
£’000

93
–

118

1,831

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50

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

 vii)  Provided loans and charged interest of 0.5% per month to its 100 per cent. subsidiary Cochrane Power Ltd of £0.7 million (2015: 
£1.2 million). The total outstanding at the year-end was £8.5 million (2015: £7.8 million). These loans have been impaired to £2.4 
million.

 Y/E debtor

Further loans made

Interest charged

2016
£’000
2,374

174

482

2015
£’000
3,022

399

801

 viii)  Provided loans to its 100 per cent. subsidiary Cascade Hydro Ltd (“CHL”) of £0.5 million (2015: net receipt £1.0 million) and charged 
CHL interest of £0.6 million (2015: £560k). The interest rate was 0.5 per cent. per month. The total outstanding at the year-end was 
£8.5 million. These loans have been impaired to £1.3 million.

 Y/E debtor

Further loans made

Interest charged

2016
£’000
1,276

547

606

2015
£’000
1,127

1,000

560

 b) Group
i) 

 Former director A.J.S. Morris loaned CHL £50k in prior years and was repaid £50k in the prior year. The total outstanding at the year-
end was £12.1k.

ii)   E. R. Shaw loaned CHL £83.2k in prior years and was repaid £83.2k in the prior year. The total outstanding at the year-end was 

£11.2k.

iii)   RPFL received £1.2 million (2015: £2.4 million) in repayments from and accrued interest on amounts due from EdS of £nil (2015: 

£0.2 million), the interest rate on the principal was 18.5 per cent. The interest rate on accrued interest was zero, the effective interest 
rate (on principal and accrued interest) was zero (2015: 0.1 per cent.). The total outstanding at the year-end was £6.8 million.

32 ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Assets held for sale relate to three project companies within Peru. These business segments were reclassified to assets held for sale 
following the commitment of the Group’s management on 16  September 2014 to restructure its Peruvian operations by means of sale. 
Two disposal groups were identified, one of which comprises the Canchayllo run of the river plant, sold in July 2015, with the rest of the 
project companies included in the second group. At the end of the year the assets were being actively marketed and a sale is expected 
by the end of 2017.

Assets Classified as Held for Sale

 Trade and Other Receivables

Liabilities Classified as Held for Sale

 Trade and Other Payables

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

2,207 

2,207 

YEAR ENDED
31.12.16
£’000

1,230 

1,230 

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

3,644

3,644

YEAR ENDED
31.12.15
£’000

718

718

RURELEC PLC  Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016

Stock code: RUR

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

51

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

33 CONTROL
 The Directors consider that the controlling party is Sterling Trust Limited on the basis of their 53% shareholding in the Company.

34 POST BALANCE SHEET DATE EVENTS
Since the year end:

– 

– 

 In June 2017 the Company further extended its working capital facility arrangement with  BPAC in the amount of £1. 6 million. The 
repayment date is now 30 June 2018.

 On 31 March the plant owned by Energia del Sur S.A., in which Rurelec has a 50% interest, suffered damage from severe weather. 
The plant recommenced production on 2 2 May. The outage is not expected to have a material impact on total 2017 remittances to 
Rurelec.

The Chairman’s statement and the Strategic Report with a review of operations contains further details.

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 Perivan Financial Print    245461

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245461 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1 copy 2  27/06/2017  21:17  Page 2

RURELEC PLC IS AN OWNER, DEVELOPER AND
OPERATOR OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY
INTERNATIONALLY.

Rurelec’s main business consists of the ownership and development of power generation
facilities on national and regional grids and in isolated areas, selling wholesale electricity as
a generator on commercial terms, through capacity payments or power purchase
agreements (“PPAs”). 

COMPANY INFORMATION

Directors
S.C. Morris (Executive)

A.H. Coveney (Executive)

B. Rowbotham (Non-Executive)

Secretary
S.A. Laker

Company number
4812855

Auditor
Saffery Champness LLP

71 Queen Victoria Street

London

EC4V 4BE

Bankers
Coutts & Co

440 Strand

London

WC2R 0QS

Our current business is centred on our share of an operational plant in Argentina whilst
also seeking to sell the remainder of the small hydro portfolio in Peru and to complete the
development of our project in Chile.

Registered office and business address
18 Soho Square

London

W1D 3QL

CONTENTS
Strategic Report
Non-executive Director’s Statement
Review of Financial Performance
Review of Operations

Our Governance
Board of Directors
Director’s Report
Corporate Governance Statement

Our Financials
Independent Auditor’s Report
Consolidated Income Statement
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Company Statement of Financial Position
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Company Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
Notes to the Financial Statements
Company Information

2
5
6

7
8
10

13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
IBC

245461 Rurelec Annual Report Cover v1 copy 2  27/06/2017  21:17  Page 1

RURELEC PLC
18 Soho Square, London W1H 3QL

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7025 8026

8/

Visit us online at
www.rurelec.com

ANNUAL REPORT  
AND ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016

Stock code: RUR