Quarterlytics / Basic Materials / Paper, Lumber & Forest Products / Sappi Ltd. / FY2024 Annual Report

Sappi Ltd.
Annual Report 2024

SPP · NYSE Basic Materials
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Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 10,000+
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FY2024 Annual Report · Sappi Ltd.
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for the year ended September 2024
2024
Annual 
Integrated 
Report

We are deeply saddened by the untimely 
passing of Karen Sherlock in January 2024. 
We dedicate the Sappi 2024 Annual Integrated 
Report and Sustainability Report to the memory 
of Karen, whose tireless dedication, and passion 
for excellence shaped our reporting for over 
two decades. Karen's steadfast commitment 
to transparency and sustainability has left 
an indelible mark on Sappi and all who worked 
alongside her. This report stands as a testament 
to her remarkable contributions and serves 
as a tribute to her enduring legacy.
Our 2023 Sappi 
Annual Integrated Report 
won Gold for print excellence 
at the prestige GAPP Awards. 
Congratulations to our 
outstanding print partners 
Law Print, for their 
craftsmanship on the report.
Our reporting suite
for the year ended September 2024
2024
Annual 
Integrated 
Report
2024 Sappi Annual Integrated Report
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Frameworks
•	 Integrated Report (IR) Framework
•	 Companies Act 71 of 2008 
(as amended) of South Africa 
(Companies Act)
•	 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) 
Listings Requirements
•	 King IV Code on Governance™  
for South Africa, 2016 (King IV)1.
for the year ended September 2024
2024
Annual 
Financial 
 Statements
2024 Sappi Group Annual  Financial 
Statements
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Frameworks
•	 International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRS)
•	 Companies Act
•	 JSE Listings Requirements 
•	 King IV.
PRO
PEL
Group
Sustainability 
Report 2024
2024 Sappi Group  
Sustainability Report
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
Frameworks
•	 Global Reporting Initiative 
(GRI) standards
•	 United Nations Global 
Compact (UNGC)
•	 United Nations Sustainable 
Development Goals 
(UN SDGs).
For our standalone King IV Application  
Register and our Risk Report, please go to  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
For up-to-date information, please refer  
to our quarterly results announcements  
and analyst presentations  
www.sappi.com/quarterly-reports 
1	 Copyright and trademarks are owned by the  
Institute of Directors South Africa NPC and  
all of its rights are reserved.
This report is printed on  
Galerie Silk 350 and 135 g/m2.
 

Page heading
Contents
2
About this report
Group overview
4
Our 2024 reporting theme: Momentum
5
Who we are
6
Where we operate 
Delivering sustained value
10
Introduction to our Thrive strategy
11
Our strategy and performance
20
Sustainable development goals – Q&A
24
Our business model 
28
Letter to the stakeholders from the Chairman 
and CEO
35
Q&A with the CEO
Responding to our context
40
Our operating context
44
Risk management
52
Our key relationships
66
Integrating our key material issues
68
Our key material issues
86
TCFD report
Diving deeper into our performance 
and prospects
112 Product review
124 Chief Financial Officer’s report
Governance and compensation
146 Our leadership and executive management
154 Corporate governance
176 Remuneration report
202 Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability (SETS) Committee report
Appendices
206 Five-year review
208 Share statistics
210 Glossary
215 Notice to shareholders
226 Shareholders’ diary
227 Proxy form
228 Notes to the proxy form
230 Administration
IBC Forward-looking statements
How to navigate our report
Throughout our Annual Integrated Report, 
the following icons are used to show the 
connectivity between sections:
Referencing
Page
Online
Risk
Sappi’s 3Ps
Prosperity
People
Planet
Thrive strategy
Grow our  
business
Drive operational  
excellence
Sustain our 
financial health
Enhance  
trust
Our capitals
Intellectual 
capital
Human capital
Financial capital
Social and 
relationship capital
Manufactured 
capital
Natural capital
Sappi and the United Nations (UN) 
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
*
*
*	 Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) priority SDGs.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
1
2024
Annual Integrated Report
1
ABOUT THIS REPORT
 

Our Annual Integrated Report for the year ended 30 September 2024 provides 
an overview of how we create value through our purpose, vision and strategy. This report 
reflects on key opportunities and risks in our markets, our performance against financial 
and non-financial objectives, and our goals and focus areas for the year ahead.
Although the report’s primary audience is our shareholders, it contains information relevant to a broad group of stakeholders. 
Our group and regional sustainability reports address a wider audience with more detail on stakeholder engagement and 
key material issues. The main content of this report (pages 
 1 to 203) is supplemented by supporting appendices  
(pages 
 206 to 230).
Ensuring holistic value creation
We take a holistic approach to creating value, recognising 
that Sappi’s long-term sustainability depends on delivering 
meaningful outcomes for our stakeholders. We see value 
beyond delivering returns to our shareholders, and we focus 
on maximising every resource throughout our value chain 
to ensure those returns are sustainable. We recognise that 
our sphere of influence and impact extends beyond our 
mill gates.
Materiality
This report considers material information relevant to our 
stakeholders based on extensive ongoing engagement. 
We assessed materiality against the backdrop of current 
business operations and industry trends and the global 
economic environment. We adopt a double materiality 
approach to enhance our stakeholders’ understanding 
of the impact of environmental and social issues on Sappi’s 
enterprise value and the impact of our activities on the 
environment and society. For a deeper understanding 
of the material matters that affect our business, refer 
to pages 
 66 to 85.
Scope and boundary
This report covers the period from 01 October 2023 
to 30 September 2024.
We aim to present material, relevant and complete 
information, while ensuring comparability. The issues and 
indicators included in this report reflect our significant 
economic, environmental and social impacts and factors 
that may substantively influence investors’ assessments 
and decisions.
Integrated thinking and the 3Ps
Prosperity
People
Planet
Intellectual capital
Our technology centres and 
Research and development (R&D) 
initiatives promote a culture 
of innovation to support the 
development of commercially 
and environmentally sustainable 
solutions.
Financial capital
We manage our financial capital, 
including shareholders’ equity, 
debt and reinvested capital 
to maintain a solid balance 
between growth, profitability 
and liquidity.
Manufactured capital
Our operations require significant 
investments in manufactured 
capital. Investing in building, 
maintaining, operating and 
improving this infrastructure 
requires financial, human and 
intellectual capital.
Human capital
We require engaged and 
productive employees. We create 
a safe and healthy workplace 
for our people in which diversity 
is encouraged and valued, 
providing them with ongoing 
development opportunities. This 
enhances productivity and our 
ability to service global markets.
Social and relationship 
capital
Building relationships with our key 
stakeholders in a spirit of trust 
and mutual respect enhances 
our licence to trade and our 
competitive advantage, enabling 
shared value creation.
Natural capital
Recognising that our business 
depends on natural capital, 
we focus on understanding, 
managing and mitigating 
our impacts.
About this report
2
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Our reporting boundary is critical to our materiality 
determination process. Our reporting boundary includes all 
our operations (refer to Where we operate on pages 
 6 
to 7) and considers risks and opportunities beyond our 
financial reporting boundary that may significantly affect our 
ability to create value. These include material matters arising 
from our operating context, strategy, stakeholder issues, 
opportunities, risk management processes and SDG 
commitments, among others.
Our Annual Integrated Report boundary
Our operating context (page 
 40)
Our strategy and performance  
(pages 
 10 to 19)
Value creation (pages 
 20 to 27)
Financial reporting entity:
• Sappi Europe
• Sappi North America
• Sappi Southern Africa  (page 
 7)
Our SDG commitments (page 
 20)
Our key relationships (page 
 52)
Our risks and opportunities (page 
 44)
Assurance
We obtained limited external assurance on selected 
sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs) in our 
2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report 
, which includes 
the independent practitioner’s limited assurance report. 
Our internal audit team verifies sustainability information 
by reviewing the procedures we applied to collect, measure, 
calculate and validate non-financial data, as well as reviewing 
reported information and supporting documentation.
Most of our key operations undergo 
external verification, including:
•	 Europe: the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
•	 Europe and South Africa: ISO 50001 energy certification
•	 Globally: ISO 45001 environmental certification, 
ISO 9001 quality certification and ISO 45001 health 
and safety certification.
Some of our mills are certified to the ISO 22000 food safety 
management standard and EN 15593 management 
of hygiene in the production of packaging for foodstuffs.
We are assessed in terms of the forest certification systems 
we use. In South Africa, an external rating agency assesses 
our broad-based black economic empowerment (BBBEE) 
performance.
These external assessments and certifications and 
stakeholder interactions ensure our performance indicators 
are reliable, accurate and pertinent. The Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) Committee 
is satisfied that the sustainability information presented 
in this report has been provided with a reasonable degree 
of accuracy.
Our financial information is verified by our external auditors. 
For information on the combined assurance framework 
relevant to the disclosure in this report and the independent 
auditors’ report, see our group Annual Financial Statements 
at www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Board approval
The Sappi Limited board of directors (board) acknowledges 
its responsibility for ensuring the integrity of the Annual 
Integrated Report. To the best of its knowledge and belief, 
the Annual Integrated Report addresses all issues material 
to the group’s ability to create and preserve value in the 
short, medium and long term and fairly presents the group’s 
integrated performance and outlook.
The board believes that the Annual Integrated Report has 
been prepared in accordance with the IR Framework and 
speaks to Sappi’s use of and effect on the 3Ps (addressing 
value creation, preservation and erosion), which are aligned 
with the six capitals.
The board thus approved the 2024 Sappi Annual Integrated 
Report on 06 December 2024.
Nkululeko Sowazi	
Steve Binnie
Chairman	
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Forward-looking statements
In line with the IR Framework, this report contains forward-
looking statements that enable users to understand the 
challenges and uncertainties Sappi is likely to encounter 
in pursuing its strategy. This information is included 
throughout the report.
For important information relating to these forward-looking 
statements, refer to the inside back cover 
 .
In determining our 
material matters and 
value creation over 
time, we consider the 
following timeframes:
Short term: One to two years, in line with 
immediate risks and opportunities
Long term: Five to 30 years, considering the nature 
of our mill operations and capital investments for 
long-life assets, Sappi Forests’ research planning 
horizons in response to climate change and the 
EU’s plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050
Medium term: Three to five years in line with 
management accounting’s five-year financial 
forecast plan
2024
Annual Integrated Report
3
ABOUT THIS REPORT
 

Our 2024 reporting theme: Momentum
In nature, momentum is a fundamental concept. Think of a river flowing 
downstream: the water gains momentum as it moves, carving out valleys 
and shaping landscapes over time. The rhythm and repetition of its 
progress map its course. This momentum provides the theme for this 
report, reflecting Sappi’s ever-forward journey despite a turbulent 
landscape influenced by numerous global events over the past years.
The spectre of Covid-19 lingers in our rear-view mirror, 
while other significant events like the Russia-Ukraine 
war and the conflict in the Middle East continue 
to shape the landscape. With global economic growth 
decelerating under ongoing inflationary pressures and 
supply chain disruptions intensified by geopolitical 
conflicts, our business has been directly impacted 
by these consumer-driven economic challenges.
Throughout this journey, our sights have been 
set on contributing to an environment in which 
we can thrive. This has meant learning to adapt, 
being resilient and flexible, shaping our responses 
consistently and measuredly, and ensuring that 
we build our momentum to capitalise on future 
economic recovery, preparing to support growing 
demand as market conditions improve.
Innovation is a cornerstone of our business strategy. 
We constantly repeat cycles of prototyping, testing, 
and refining to create a rhythm that accelerates the 
development of new products and technologies. 
By regularly reviewing and improving processes, 
we build momentum by fostering a culture 
of innovation and progress.
When it comes to our people, we use tried-and-tested 
methods to build on our engagement and provide 
ample opportunities to thrive, both in the workplace 
and in the communities we call home. At the core 
of our operations, we embrace a safety culture, 
allowing us to make and execute decisions at speed 
to maintain or build on that momentum, without risking 
indiscriminate actions that could derail our efforts.
By integrating sustainability into every aspect 
of our operations, we ensure that our momentum 
drives growth and fosters a positive impact 
on the environment.
4
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Who we are
Our raw material offerings (such as dissolving 
wood pulp (DWP) and biomaterials) and end-use 
products (packaging papers, speciality papers, 
graphic papers, casting and release papers, 
as well as forestry products) are manufactured 
from woodfibre sourced from sustainably 
managed forests and plantations, in production 
facilities which, in many cases use internally 
generated bioenergy. Many of our operations 
are energy self-sufficient.
Sappi is a leading global provider of everyday materials made from 
woodfibre-based renewable resources. As a diversified, innovative and 
trusted leader focused on sustainable processes and products, we are 
building a more circular economy by making what we should, not just 
what we can.
Together with our partners, we work to build 
a thriving world by acting boldly to support the 
planet, people and prosperity.
1	 Includes corporate and Sappi Trading employees.
4.6 million tons
Paper production capacity per year
2.3 million tons
Paper pulp production capacity per year
1.5 million tons
Dissolving wood pulp production capacity per year
Globally we have
11,235 employees
1
401,000 ha
Owned and leased sustainably 
managed forests in South Africa
2024
Annual Integrated Report
5
GROUP OVERVIEW
 

Sales offices
Hong Kong
México City
Johannesburg
Sydney
Nairobi
Shanghai
Sappi Trading
Sappi Trading operates a network 
for the sale and distribution 
of our products outside our core 
operating regions of North America, 
Europe and South Africa.
Europe
North America
South Africa
Employees
Employees
Employees
4,286
2,046
4,447
Sales offices
12
Sales offices
6
Sales offices
3
Production 
facilities
8
Production 
facilities
4
Production 
facilities
5
Where we operate
6
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Sappi Europe
Capacity1 (’000 tons)
Paper2
Mills
Products produced
Packaging and
 speciality
 papers
Graphic
papers
Pulp
Alfeld Mill
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption
120
Speciality paper; flexible packaging paper, paperboard, containerboard, 
release liner, label paper, functional papers, uncoated woodfree paper
260
15
Carmignano Mill
Speciality paper; dye sublimation paper, flexible packaging paper, inkjet paper 
and label paper 
90
Condino Mill
Speciality paper; dye sublimation paper, flexible packaging paper, inkjet paper 
and silicone-base paper
60
Ehingen Mill
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp
150
Coated woodfree paper, uncoated woodfree paper and containerboard
115
185
Gratkorn Mill
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption
250
Coated woodfree paper and label paper
100
780
Kirkniemi Mill
Bleached mechanical pulp for own consumption
300
Coated mechanical paper, thinprint
10
740
Maastricht Mill
Coated woodfree paper and paperboard
70
190
Total Sappi Europe
705
1,910
820
Other operation
Capacity1 (million m2)
Rockwell Solutions Coated barrier film and paper
147
Sappi North America
Capacity1 (’000 tons) 
Paper2
Mills
Products produced
Packaging and
 speciality
 papers
Graphic
 papers
Pulp
Cloquet Mill
Dissolving wood pulp, bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and 
market pulp*
370
Coated woodfree paper and label paper
70
270
Matane Mill
High-yield hardwood pulp for own consumption and market pulp
285
Somerset Mill
Bleached chemical pulp for own consumption and market pulp
525
Coated woodfree paper, paperboard and label papers
490
510
Westbrook Mill
Converting for speciality casting and release paper
23
Total Sappi North America
583
780
1,180
Sappi Southern Africa
Capacity (’000)
Plantations**
Products produced
Hectares
Standing
 tons
KwaZulu-Natal
Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)***
166
11,261
Mpumalanga
Plantations (pulpwood and sawlogs)***
235
17,168
Total Sappi Forests (owned and leased supply)
401
28,429
Capacity 
(‘000 m3)
Capacity1 (’000 tons)
Paper2
Mills
Products produced
Timber
Packaging and
 speciality
 papers
Graphic
 papers
Pulp
Lomati Sawmill
Sawn timber
86
Ngodwana Mill
Unbleached chemical pulp for own consumption
230
Mechanical pulp for own consumption
110
Kraft linerboard
240
Newsprint
85
Kraft papers
25
Stanger Mill
Bleached bagasse pulp for own consumption
60
Office paper and tissue paper
28
82
Tugela Mill
Neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulp for own consumption
170
Corrugating medium
200
Sappi ReFibre****
Waste paper collection and recycling for own consumption
66
Total Sappi Paper and Paper Packaging
493
167
636
Ngodwana Mill
Dissolving wood pulp
255
Saiccor Mill
Dissolving wood pulp
890
Total dissolving wood pulp
1,145
Total Sappi Southern Africa
86
493
167
1,781
1	
Capacity at maximum continuous run rate per annum.
2	
The split between graphic papers and packaging and speciality papers is what we believe is technically and commercially possible. Some mills have the 
capacity to swing between products.
*	
The stated capacity is for dissolving wood pulp, the capacity for kraft pulp is 17% higher.
**	 Plantations include owned and leased areas.
***	 Approximately 139,500 hectares of our land is set aside and maintained by Sappi Forests to conserve the natural habitat and biodiversity found there.
****	Sappi ReFibre collects waste paper in the South African market which is used to produce packaging paper.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
7
GROUP OVERVIEW
 

Traction
Traction refers to the friction between a moving object and the surface it moves 
on. Just as traction allows a vehicle to move forward without slipping, it enables 
our business to progress steadily.
With the introduction of our Thrive25 business strategy in 2020, we moved 
through phases of Adapting, Advancing, and Reshaping. Now, having gained 
traction, our momentum is driving significant progress.
We also observe this traction in social settings, such as the growing consumer 
preference for renewable and recyclable products. In response, we continue 
to expand our range of renewable solutions, enabling society to meet 
sustainability goals and support the global transition to a low-carbon, 
circular economy.
We are also gaining traction in our efforts to extract value from the whole tree. 
Traditionally, papermaking used only half of the raw wood material. Sappi 
is continually developing new processes and applying innovative technology 
to extract more value from each tree. Our paper packaging reduces plastic use, 
and we utilise every part of the trees harvested – whether for our biomaterials, 
dissolving wood pulp, speciality papers, or bio-energy – finding eco-friendly 
alternatives for a better future.
8
2024
Annual Integrated Report
8
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

2024
Annual Integrated Report
9
2024
Annual Integrated Report
9
 

Sappi is an established global pulp and paper business with production 
facilities in South Africa, Europe and North America. We produce 
a wide range of products including pulp, graphic papers, packaging 
and speciality papers and biomaterials. 
The markets we serve continuously change and develop and to this end we aim to adjust with these global trends. We invest 
in our people, facilities and processes to ensure we create value for all our stakeholders by creating products that are relevant, 
sustainable and aimed at growing markets. Our clear advantages in diversification, global scale and local expertise help us to 
create prosperity through sustainable solutions. 
We assume our responsibility towards sustainability with full commitment and therefore produce our products from woodfibre 
sourced from sustainably managed forests and plantations. 
We thoughtfully source materials, reduce material waste, mitigate carbon and carefully consider product end-of-life. We strictly 
monitor and control our use of energy, water and other raw materials, and continually look to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Our Thrive strategy is an iterative process seeking to implement opportunities to reduce cost and/or grow the 
business while we sustain a healthy balance sheet, apply continuous capital prioritisation and enhance 
stakeholder relationships. 
To implement and execute on our Thrive strategy requires people. We therefore focus 
on growing our human potential, ensuring we have sustainably engaged people 
and also that we extend our positive influence to the communities where 
we operate to create shared value. 
 Our Thrive strategy responds to various global forces and 
market trends. It is built on four main objectives with annual 
and longer-term targets, some set for delivery by 2025, while 
others including our Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) 
commitments are set for delivery beyond 2025. We will 
publish in the Annual Integrated Report of 2025 a review 
of our 2025 targets and the targets we have set for the 
next period beyond 2025. 
Introduction to our Thrive strategy
10
2024
Annual Integrated Report
10
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Our strategy
Through collaboration and innovation, we will grow profitably, using 
our strength as a sustainable and diversified global woodfibre group, 
focused on dissolving wood pulp, graphic papers, packaging and 
speciality papers and biomaterials.
Grow our business
How we performed in 2024
What this means
•	 DWP sales volumes were slightly lower than FY2023, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and 
amortisation (EBITDA) margin, however, improved 
•	 Pulp constitutes 29% of group sales volumes (excluding forestry) and contributes 42% of group 
Adjusted EBITDA
•	 Packaging and speciality papers sales volumes increased by 8% year-on-year 
•	 Packaging and speciality papers constitute 27% of group sales volume (excluding forestry) and 
contributes 19% of group Adjusted EBITDA
•	 Actively progressed the expansion and conversion of Somerset Mill PM2 from graphic papers 
to packaging and speciality papers
•	 Reduced graphic papers capacity in Europe by 30% through the closure of Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills 
•	 Strong profitability from lignin sales and favourable advancement of other biomaterials opportunities.
•	 Grow dissolving wood pulp (DWP) capacity, 
matching market demand
•	 Continue to expand and grow packaging and 
speciality papers in all regions 
•	 Commence commercialisation 
of biomaterials opportunities
•	 Optimise graphic papers segments ensuring 
we balance supply and demand.
Sustain our 
financial health
How we performed in 2024
What this means
•	 Net debt at year end US$1,422 million
•	 Invested to grow and convert PM2 at Somerset Mill to packaging grade, project is on time and 
on budget and aligned with the Thrive strategy 
•	 Closed Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills and settled all agreed social benefits 
•	 Declared a dividend of 14 US cents
•	 Sold the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills properties.
•	 Target net debt at approximately US$1 billion 
and sustain net debt/EBITDA at 1.5x through 
the cycle
•	 Optimise capital management 
•	 Maximise return on capital employed (ROCE) 
•	 Review pricing strategies to secure optimal 
value creation
•	 Sustain dividends at 3x cover.
Drive operational 
excellence
How we performed in 2024
What this means
•	 Lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) improved but we had one unfortunate contractor fatality 
in the forestry operations in South Africa 
•	 Group efficiency, procurement and continuous improvement savings >US$104 million 
•	 Maximised the benefits of OneSappi to achieve cost advantages
•	 Challenging macro environment resulting in weak trading conditions in the paper business
•	 DWP production is stabilising although a few once-off incidents did impact optimal production.
•	 Drive our safety first culture
•	 Continuously improve our cost position
•	 Continue to maximise the benefits of our 
global footprint 
•	 Best-in-class production efficiencies 
to secure increased volumes.
Enhance trust
How we performed in 2024
What this means
•	 Sustained Platinum status in EcoVadis sustainability assessment across all three regions
•	 Performance against our science-based carbon emission intensity reduction target showed 
an improvement compared to last year, but the target was not reached, mainly due to market-related 
production curtailments 
•	 Actively supported local communities through community forums 
•	 No employee engagement survey conducted during 2024; next survey 2025. 84% of action items 
from 2023 survey closed out by year-end
•	 Expanded Supplier Code of Conduct compliance and EcoVadis supplier assessments
•	 Ranked in the top 1,000 Companies in the world by Time and Forbes Magazines 
•	 Sustained Level 1 BBBEE in South Africa.
•	 Improve our understanding of, and 
proactively partnering with, all stakeholders
•	 Drive sustainability solutions. Meet the 
changing needs of every Sappi employee.
Our strategy and performance
2024
Annual Integrated Report
11
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Measuring our progress
Guided by our strategy, we measure our progress holistically against 
our mission, collaborating and partnering with stakeholders as we strive 
to be a trusted and sustainable organisation with an exciting future 
in woodfibre.
ROCE (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
ROCE is an important measure that assesses long-term 
profitability by comparing how effectively assets are 
performing with how these assets are financed.
	Linked to executive remuneration 
2025 objectives
•	 Grow volumes in DWP and packaging and speciality 
papers and improve our margins
•	 Optimise the graphic papers margin with improved 
operating rates and lower costs.
Adjusted EBITDA (US$ million)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Adjusted EBITDA measures how we performed 
operationally as a company.
	Linked to executive remuneration 
2025 objectives
•	 Grow volumes in DWP and packaging and speciality 
papers; sustain and improve pricing
•	 Manage costs to maximise profitability
•	 Focus on maximising sales volumes and contributions 
to sustain and improve Adjusted EBITDA. 
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2024
2023
2022
12.3
10.8
27.9
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
2024
2023
2022
731
684
1,339
Self-assessment
Strategic objectives
Outstanding
Grow our business
Drive operational excellence
Satisfactory
Sustain our financial health
Enhance trust
Progress to be made/ongoing
Our strategy and performance continued
12
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Adjusted EBITDA margin (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Adjusted EBITDA margin is an important and 
comparable measure of our profitability (excluding 
the impact of financing, accounting treatments 
or tax implications) against our revenue.
2025 objectives
•	 Improve margins in all business segments
•	 Focus on reducing fixed and variable costs
•	 Increased downtime at Somerset Mill due to the 
conversion project will impact North American margins 
for FY2025.
Sales (US$ million)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
While not the only determinant of financial success, 
sales is a key measure of demand, customer loyalty 
and a critical contributor to profit.
2025 objectives
•	 Grow and optimise the packaging and speciality 
papers segment 
•	 Execute the conversion and expansion at Somerset Mill 
and ramp up volume as soon as possible 
•	 Grow the label paper business at Gratkorn Mill 
•	 Maximise DWP volumes to capacity with increased 
volumes from Saiccor Mill.
0
5
10
15
20
2024
2023
2022
12.6
12.5
18.4
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
2024
2023
2022
5,809
5,458
7,296
3Ps
SDGs
Prosperity
People
Planet
	 	Linked to executive remuneration
	 	Identified sustainability goal
2024
Annual Integrated Report
13
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Self-assessment
Strategic objectives
Outstanding
Grow our business
Drive operational excellence
Satisfactory
Sustain our financial health
Enhance trust
Progress to be made/ongoing
Net debt (US$ million)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Given the capital-intensive nature of our operations, 
we need to raise debt to complete significant projects 
that enable our long-term success. Net debt comprises 
current and non-current interest-bearing borrowings 
and bank overdrafts (net of cash, cash equivalents and 
short-term deposits).
2025 objectives
•	 During 2025 we will complete the Somerset Mill 
conversion and expansion project
•	 We are targeting to spend an estimated US$500 million 
on various capital projects, resulting in increased debt. 
Net debt:Adjusted EBITDA (ratio)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
The net debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio measures our 
ability to pay off our debt should net debt and Adjusted 
EBITDA remain consistent. Adjusted EBITDA focuses 
on the operating decisions of a business as it looks 
at profitability from core operations before the impact 
of capital structure.
	Linked to executive remuneration 
2025 objectives
•	 With increased net debt we expect this ratio 
to increase slightly in the short term, however, we aim 
to target 1.5x through the cycle in the medium term.
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
2024
2023
2022
1,085
1,422
1,163
0
1
2
3
2024
2023
2022
1.5
2.1
0.9
Our strategy and performance continued
14
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

3Ps
SDGs
Prosperity
People
Planet
	 	Linked to executive remuneration
	 	Identified sustainability goal
Lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) 
(per million work hours)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
LTIFR is an important measure of our business’s safety. 
We target zero harm and aim to improve LTIFR by at 
least 10% year-on-year.
	Linked to executive remuneration 
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Continue to reduce LTIFR and zero fatalities.
Gender diversity (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
We view diversity as a key driver that enhances our 
competitiveness and viability as a business and 
contributes to a thriving world; we aim to appoint 
more women in senior positions. 
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Stay on track to reach 23% of women in senior 
positions – HRL19 and upwards by 2025.
1	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2030 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
2024
2023
2022
0.24
0.20
0.30
0
5
10
15
20
25
2024
2023
2022
22
22
22
2024
Annual Integrated Report
15
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Self-assessment
Strategic objectives
Outstanding
Grow our business
Drive operational excellence
Satisfactory
Sustain our financial health
Enhance trust
Progress to be made/ongoing
Supplier Code of Conduct (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Research indicates that 85% of consumers are more 
likely to buy from a company with a reputation for 
sustainability. By working together in partnership with 
suppliers, we can better identify risk, assess social 
and environmental performance, and encourage 
commitment to sustainable choices and the SDGs 
throughout our value chain.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Target >80% procurement spend with declared 
compliance with Supplier Code of Conduct.
Sustainable engagement (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
We rely on a productive and engaged workforce. 
Employee engagement has been linked to higher 
safety performance, lower staff turnover, improved 
productivity and efficiency.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 During Q2 FY2025 we will roll out a new Employee 
Engagement Survey to our staff. We target >85% 
participation in 2025 engagement survey and >75% 
sustainable engagement score.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
1	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2025 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
0
20
40
60
80
100
2024
2023
2022
81
84
74
0
20
40
60
80
100
2024
2023
2022
80.3
Not measured
Not measured
Our strategy and performance continued
16
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Specific greenhouse gas (GHG)  
(Scope 1 + 2) emissions (kg CO2e/adt)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Since the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) 
in Glasgow, Scotland in November 2021, climate impacts 
have worsened, and carbon emissions have risen to 
record  levels.
We align with the climate science by having our targets 
approved by the SBTi and are taking focused action 
to future-proof our business against the physical and 
transitional impacts of climate change and be part 
of the solution.
	Linked to executive remuneration 
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 2025 Target: Stay on track to decrease specific GHG 
emissions (Scope 1 + 2) by 18% by 2025 against base 
year 2019 (908.1 kg CO2e/adt)
•	 2030 science-based target (SBT): Stay on track 
to decrease specific GHG emissions (Scope 1+ 2) 
by 41.5% by 2030 against a base year of 2019.
Share of renewable and clean energy (%)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
This target supports our commitment to carbon 
emissions reduction and focused action to future-proof 
our business against the physical and transitional 
impacts of climate change and be part of the solution.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Stay on track to increase share of renewable and clean 
energy by 8% by 2025 against base year 2019 (53.5%).
1	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2025 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
2	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2025 and 2030 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information 
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
2024
2023
2022
934.7
814.7
829.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2024
2023
2022
58.0
63.3
55.0
3Ps
SDGs
Prosperity
People
Planet
	 	Linked to executive remuneration
	 	Identified sustainability goal
2024
Annual Integrated Report
17
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Self-assessment
Strategic objectives
Outstanding
Grow our business
Drive operational excellence
Satisfactory
Sustain our financial health
Enhance trust
Progress to be made/ongoing
Energy intensity (GJ/adt)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Energy intensity is a measure of how efficiently we 
are operating. By continually improving this metric, 
we manage costs and lower our environmental impact.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Stay on track to reduce energy intensity by 5% 
by 2025 against base year 2019 (22.1 GJ/adt).
Specific process water usage (m3/adt)2
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Water has been identified as one of the most serious 
sustainability challenges facing the planet, partly due to 
the impacts of climate change. Forests and plantations, 
pulp and paper operations are highly dependent on the 
use and responsible management of water resources.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Stay on track to reduce specific process water use by 
23% by 2025 against base year 2019 (44.5 m3/adt).
1	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2025 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
2	 This indicator applies to mills in South Africa, as they are at risk of experiencing operational water challenges.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2024
2023
2022
26.2
25.0
22.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2024
2023
2022
48.4
48.2
48.6
Our strategy and performance continued
18
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Specific landfilled solid waste (kg/adt)
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
Our continued focus to reduce solid waste-to-landfill 
supports the move towards a circular economy. This 
approach aligns with our purpose of contributing 
to a thriving world, one with less waste, lower costs 
and reduced environmental impact.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Stay on track to reduce specific landfilled solid waste 
by 15% by 2025 against base year 2019 (69.1 kg/adt).
Certified fibre (%) 
Our strategic performance indicators
Self-assessment of 2024 performance
Link to Thrive strategic objectives
Link to 3Ps  
and SDGs
Why is this important?
We are committed to sourcing woodfibre from forests 
and timber plantations in a manner that promotes their 
health and supports community wellbeing.
	 Identified sustainability goal1
2025 objectives
•	 Maintain or improve percentage certified fibre 
above 75%.
1	 For this indicator, we have clear targets for 2025 that we are working towards. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report for more information  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2024
2023
2022
78.7
56.9
55.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2024
2023
2022
75
77
77
3Ps
SDGs
Prosperity
People
Planet
	 	Linked to executive remuneration
	 	Identified sustainability goal
2024
Annual Integrated Report
19
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Sappi and sustainable development: nature focus
Q&A with Dr Tracy Wessels, Group Head Investor Relations and Sustainability
Q1
The concept of ‘nature positive’ 
is gaining momentum. How does 
Sappi view this trend and what 
actions are you taking?
The concept of ‘nature positive’ is emerging as a new 
benchmark for sustainability, moving beyond net-zero 
carbon goals to consider broader ecological impacts. 
While net-zero targets have focused on reducing GHG 
emissions, a nature-positive approach aims to regenerate 
ecosystems, restore biodiversity, and enhance the health 
of natural systems. This shift addresses growing awareness 
that climate action alone cannot solve the interconnected 
crises of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. 
As human activities like deforestation and pollution continue 
to put immense pressure on natural habitats, nature-positive 
goals are becoming essential for addressing both climate 
and biodiversity imperatives.
For Sappi, adopting nature-positive strategies represents 
an opportunity to future-proof our businesses in a world 
where natural resources are increasingly constrained, and 
environmental expectations from regulators, consumers, 
and investors are rising. Considering nature impacts in our 
Thrive strategy allows us to mitigate risks associated with 
biodiversity loss, such as supply chain disruptions, resource 
scarcity and reputational damage. As a company that 
depends entirely on sustainable woodfibre, we recognise that 
ecosystem services are critical to our success. By investing 
in sustainable forestry practices that protect and restore 
natural ecosystems, we can build resilience, safeguard 
forestry resources, and potentially reduce costs over 
the long term.
Furthermore, a nature-positive approach aligns with 
emerging global standards and frameworks, such as the 
Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), 
which is encouraging businesses to evaluate and disclose 
their impacts and dependencies on nature. As regulatory 
pressure to account for nature-related risks grows, 
companies that act now can position themselves 
as sustainability leaders, attract environmentally conscious 
consumers, and foster goodwill with investors who prioritise 
environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. 
Embracing a nature-positive strategy not only enhances 
ecological outcomes but can also drive value creation, 
positioning Sappi to thrive in a future where nature, alongside 
carbon, becomes a central element of sustainability.
“Embracing the UN SDGs 
is not just our commitment 
to a better world, it’s our strategic 
investment in a future where 
social responsibility and business 
success converge thereby 
securing a sustainable legacy 
for generations to come.”
Tracy Wessels, Group Head Investor 
Relations and Sustainability, Sappi Limited
Sustainable development goals – Q&A
20
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Q2
How does Sappi contribute 
to biodiversity protection and 
enhancement in its plantation 
forestry landscape?
Sappi’s plantation forestry in South Africa is instrumental 
in preserving natural and high-value forest ecosystems 
by providing a sustainable, alternative fibre source that 
reduces commercial pressure on natural forests. 
By cultivating eucalyptus and pine trees on plantations 
specifically designed for fibre production, we help meet the 
commercial demand for wood products without resorting 
to harvesting old-growth or high-value biodiversity-rich 
forests. This approach allows us to source raw materials 
without contributing to deforestation or the degradation 
of ecosystems that are essential for climate regulation, 
biodiversity and water cycles. In turn, plantation forestry 
creates a sustainable fibre supply chain that aligns with 
global goals to curb deforestation and preserve critical 
natural habitats.
Moreover, our plantations are designed and managed with 
sustainability at their core, supporting biodiversity and 
ecosystem services in the landscapes where we operate. 
We integrate conservation areas within our plantation 
landscapes, setting aside significant portions of land for 
active protection. These areas often include indigenous 
forests, wetlands, and grasslands that serve as habitats for 
local wildlife and support a variety of species, some of which 
are endangered or rare. By establishing these conservation 
zones and safeguarding natural features within our 
plantations, we create diverse habitats and enhance 
ecological connectivity, promoting resilience across 
the broader landscape.
Sappi’s commitment to sustainability extends beyond 
conservation alone; we actively create ecological corridors 
to connect isolated habitats, which helps species migrate, 
adapt to environmental changes and maintain genetic 
diversity. These corridors also allow for the natural movement 
of plants, animals and pollinators, which are critical for 
ecosystem balance. Furthermore, our plantations are 
managed using best practices that minimise chemical inputs 
and promote soil health and water retention, contributing 
positively to the surrounding environment. As a result, our 
plantation forests not only provide a responsible source 
of woodfibre but also reinforce our broader environmental 
objectives, supporting both biodiversity and the services 
forestry ecosystems provide for communities and the planet.
Q3
The EU has recently promulgated 
a law regarding deforestation, 
the EU Deforestation Regulation 
(EUDR), how does this impact 
the forest sector and Sappi 
specifically?
The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) has significant 
implications for the forest sector and pulp and paper 
products, as it sets stringent requirements for traceability 
across forest sector supply chains. Under the EUDR, 
companies involved in importing, exporting, or processing 
wood and wood-based products, including pulp and paper, 
must prove that these materials are not linked to deforestation 
or forest degradation post-2020. This means that pulp and 
paper companies must provide precise geolocation data for 
all woodfibre sources and demonstrate that it originates 
from deforestation-free areas. Compliance requires robust 
tracking systems and detailed record-keeping necessitating 
substantial investment in new technologies and partnerships 
to maintain transparent supply chains.
For the forest sector, the regulation is intended to drive 
industry-wide shifts toward more sustainable practices, but 
companies face potential risks and costs associated with 
non-compliance, including penalties, supply chain disruptions, 
and potential loss of market access. The EUDR requires 
companies to work more closely with suppliers and forest 
managers to ensure alignment with the regulation and 
will ultimately increase operational complexity and costs 
for the sector.
Whilst companies that comply with EUDR must demonstrate 
that their supply chains are deforestation free, this is only 
one small aspect of sustainable forestry and does not 
address the overall nature and social impacts of forestry 
operations. Forestry certification programmes like 
Forest Stewardship CouncilTM (FSCTM),  Programme for 
the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) and 
Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI®) incorporate rigorous 
processes and systems that assure stakeholders of 
deforestation-free, sustainable supply chains. These 
certifications require forest managers and companies 
to adhere to strict standards that promote responsible 
forestry, biodiversity conservation, and the protection 
of high-conservation-value forests. To maintain certification, 
forestry operations must go through comprehensive 
assessments covering legal compliance, ecological impact, 
and community rights, ensuring that all timber and wood 
products come from well-managed, sustainable sources.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
21
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

A key component of these certifications is the chain 
of custody system, which tracks materials through every 
stage of the supply chain – from forest to final product. This 
tracking system allows companies and stakeholders to verify 
that certified materials are segregated and not mixed with 
uncertified or illegally sourced wood, guaranteeing the 
deforestation-free status of certified products. Additionally, 
independent, third-party audits are conducted regularly 
to confirm that all certification standards are met consistently, 
further enhancing transparency and accountability.
Certification standards also mandate the use of geolocation 
data, documentation of sustainable forest practices, and the 
implementation of conservation measures such as setting 
aside areas for biodiversity protection and maintaining 
ecological corridors. These requirements and controls not 
only help prevent deforestation but also enable stakeholders 
to confidently support and invest in forestry operations that 
prioritise environmental and social sustainability.
Sappi has long demonstrated a strong commitment to 
sustainable forest management (SFM) and deforestation-free 
supply chains, as reflected in the high proportion of certified 
woodfibre used across our operations. One of our strategic 
2025 sustainability targets is focused on increasing forest 
certification, underscoring our dedication to responsible 
sourcing. Additionally, we are actively collaborating with our 
supply chain partners and industry bodies to ensure full 
compliance with the EUDR when it comes into effect 
in December 2025. This proactive approach helps us uphold 
the highest standards of sustainability and transparency 
in our forest-based operations and supply chains extending 
our focus well beyond regulatory compliance.
Q4
How does Sappi ensure that its 
climate and nature strategies 
account for the complex 
interdependencies and 
socioeconomic impacts 
of environmental issues?
Sappi’s strategic evaluations of risks and opportunities 
recognise that climate and nature are deeply interconnected, 
influencing and reinforcing each other across areas like 
biodiversity, waste, water and resource efficiency. For 
instance, climate change directly impacts biodiversity 
by altering habitats and species distributions, which in turn 
affects ecosystem resilience and the availability of resources 
critical to our operations. Deforestation, often driven 
by economic pressures, both releases carbon emissions 
and reduces natural carbon sinks, exacerbating climate 
change. In addressing these interdependencies, we rely 
on frameworks like the Task Force on Climate-related 
Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and the Taskforce 
on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) to guide 
our risk assessment and strategy development.
Waste and resource efficiency are also tightly linked to 
climate and nature impacts. Reducing waste and maximising 
resource use can lower GHG emissions, conserve natural 
resources and reduce pollution that harms ecosystems. 
Water is another crucial area where climate and nature 
intersect; as climate change leads to more extreme weather 
events, water scarcity becomes a growing risk, impacting 
both biodiversity and operational reliability. In this complex 
landscape, nothing can be considered in isolation; we 
must evaluate each factor in the context of geographic, 
environmental and socioeconomic variables. Moreover, 
evolving our climate and nature-positive strategies requires 
careful consideration of social impacts and trade-offs, 
such as the effects on local communities and employment, 
ensuring that our plans for resilience also foster equitable 
development. This holistic approach enables us to contribute 
meaningfully to a sustainable, interconnected future across 
the regions where we operate.
Sustainable development goals – Q&A continued
22
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

2024
Annual Integrated Report
23
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Our business model is underpinned by our purpose: Sappi exists to build a thriving world by unlocking the power 
of renewable resources to benefit people, communities and the planet. This is reinforced by our ongoing engagement with our 
stakeholders (pages 
 52 to 65) and an in-depth understanding of our operating context (pages 
 40 to 43), both enabling 
more tangible business creation.
Our six capital inputs are the basis of our value streams ... 
SDGs
8
12
17
Financial capital
•	 Total assets: US$6,206 million.
Intellectual capital
•	 Technology centres around the world
•	 R&D investment: US$42 million
•	 Leading-edge tree improvement programmes
•	 World-class digital transformation strategy.
Manufactured capital
•	 17 production facilities
•	 26 paper/packaging machines.
SDGs
1
4
8
17
Human capital
•	 11,235 employees
•	 9,000 forestry contractor employees
•	 Strong safety culture.
Social and relationship capital
•	 Ongoing stakeholder engagement
•	 Corporate social investment:  
Sappi Europe (SEU) €100,000,  
Sappi North America (SNA) US$152,459,  
Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) ZAR54 million.
SDGs
6
7
12
13
15
17
Natural capital
•	 401,085 ha owned and leased plantations. 
Approximately one third is unplanted and 
managed for biodiversity conservation                        
•	 Energy purchased: 69,924,065 GJ/annum
•	 Energy generated on-site: 60,065,023 GJ/annum
•	 Renewable energy: 63.3%, of which 62.7% 
own black liquor
•	 Process water extracted: 210 million m3 
(absolute), 40.5 m3/adt (specific) 
•	 Certified fibre used: 77%.
Our values: As OneSappi, we do 
business safely with integrity and 
courage, making smart decisions 
which we execute with speed.
Our SDGs
Our business model
24
2024
Annual Integrated Report
24
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Monitoring and reporting on our ambitious SDG-related 2025 goals aligns with our Thrive strategy 
of being a trusted partner to all our stakeholders. See our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report 
for more information www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
Leveraging these value streams ... 
Timber
•	 Our FSCTM (FSC™ N003159) and PEFC (PEFC/01-44-43) 
certified tree plantations in South Africa provide a high-
quality woodfibre base and enhance our competitive 
advantage. Our leading-edge tree improvement 
programmes ensure this advantage is maintained 
and leveraged. 
Manufacturing excellence
•	 We focus on enhancing machine efficiencies, digitising our 
processes to make the smart factory a reality, reducing 
variable costs through new logistics and procurement 
practices and implementing go-to-market strategies which 
lower the cost of serving our customers and increase 
customer satisfaction.
Biomaterials
•	 We are unlocking the chemistry of trees and aligning with 
the circular economy by establishing a strong position 
in adjacent businesses, including fibrillated cellulose, 
furfural, lignosulphonates and bio-energy. Extracting more 
value from each tree is at the core of our business model.
Pulp
•	 Our dissolving wood pulp (DWP) brand, Verve, creates 
renewable alternatives for raw material feedstock to textiles, 
pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs and more – products that meet 
the needs of people around the globe every day.
Speciality papers 
•	 Our customers use our speciality papers to add value 
to niche markets and enable product differentiation. 
Our focus on innovation helps our customers to meet and 
anticipate the challenges of changing market dynamics.
Packaging papers  
•	 Our packaging solutions offer environmentally conscious 
consumers an alternative to fossil-fuel-based packaging.
Graphic papers  
•	 Our market-leading range of coated and uncoated graphic 
papers products is used in magazines, corporate reports 
and accounts, direct mail, high-quality brochures, 
catalogues, calendars and books.
enables the realisation 
of our strategy ... 
Grow our  
business
Sustain our 
financial  
health
Drive 
operational 
excellence
Enhance 
trust
and generates  
certain outputs ... 
Products:
•	 5,176,946 tons of saleable 
production.
Waste:
•	 1,383,186 tons of waste 
generated, of which 
1,086,332 tons (78.5%) diverted 
from disposal.
Emissions:
•	 3.3 million t CO2e absolute direct 
(Scope 1) GHG, in specific terms: 
0.64 t CO2e/adt.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
25
 

  Value created 
  Value preserved 
  Value eroded
Our business activities create, preserve and 
erode value, leading to certain key outcomes ...
which we work to enhance in the 
following ways:
	 Adjusted EBITDA1: US$684 million 
	 Net debt: US$1,422 million 
	 US$965 million paid to employees as salaries, wages 
and other benefits 
	 US$456 million reinvested to grow the business 
	 US$162 million paid to governments as taxation 
	 US$95 million paid to lenders of capital as interest 
	 US$84 million paid to shareholders as dividends 
	 Seven new products with sustainability benefits launched  
to meet evolving market demands.
•	 Digital transformation strategy is progressing well
•	 Modernisation of PM11 at Gratkorn Mill will allow us to 
continue to serve the print market profitably
•	 Investment at Gratkorn Mill to convert PM9 to produce 
high-quality label paper completed, expanding the 
production capabilities of the machine so that it can 
produce a full range of high-quality label papers including 
self-adhesive and wet strength labels in addition 
to traditional coated woodfree graphic papers grades
•	 Investment at Somerset Mill to convert PM2 to solid 
bleached sulphate (SBS) paperboard on track for start-up 
in April 2025
•	 Decarbonisation investments at Kirkniemi, Gratkorn and 
Saiccor Mills delivering not only significant CO2 savings but 
also variable cost savings.
	 The most recent Employee Engagement Survey showed 
an increased participation rate and an increase in the 
percentage of engaged employees 
	 One contractor fatality 
	 Improvement in the LTIFR across all regions 
	 Global training average (weighted) of 46.7 hours per employee 
(FY2023: 50.39 hours) 
	 Productivity 4.4 hours worked per ton of saleable production 
(FY2023: 4.9 hours) 
	 Maintained our Level 1 BBBEE contributor status.
•	 Central action tracker facilitates the resolution of issues 
identified in the Employee Engagement Survey
•	 Global safety performance exceeded the target with all 
three regions achieving the best-ever performance
•	 Global target to increase proportion of women 
in management roles on track. All three regions achieved 
2024 target
•	 Code of Ethics training to all employees in line with our 
strong governance culture.
	 Decrease in specific GHG Scope 1 and 2 emissions 
	 Decrease in global specific energy usage 
	 Specific process water usage in SSA not achieved 
	 At stand level, our plantations have a negative impact 
on biodiversity. At plantation level, we manage this impact 
by managing approximately one-third of our landholdings 
for biodiversity 
	 Lighter-weight packaging products – lighter carbon footprint 
	 77% certified fibre supplied to mills enhances our competitive 
advantage.
•	 Sappi Chair in Climate Change and Plantation Sustainability 
at the University of the Witwatersrand will provide more 
accurate climate models and replicable, workable 
methodologies which will benefit Sappi and the industry
•	 Collaborating with World Business Council for 
Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Forest Solutions 
Group (FSG) to identify nature-positive actions and develop 
appropriate metrics for our sector
•	 Our World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Water 
Stewardship project in the uMkhomazi catchment near 
Saiccor Mill extended for another four years
•	 Sappi Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species 
Stewardship Programme expanded with three new trees.
1	 Adjusted EBITDA excludes special items and plantation fair value price adjustment. 
2024
Annual Integrated Report
26
 

Our trade-offs	
These are detailed throughout this report, with the key trade-offs  
detailed below.
•	 We have stopped the development 
of Sappi Symbio, a natural composite material 
combining high-quality cellulose from wood 
with thermo-plastics, due to slow growth 
in demand. We are now investing our resources 
into projects showing greater short and 
medium-term promise.
Risks
•	 Risk 6: Evolving 
technologies and 
consumer 
preferences
•	 Risk 10: Liquidity.
•	 In response to significant market overcapacity 
and in line with our strategy of reducing 
exposure to graphic papers markets, we closed 
the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills in 2024.
Risks
•	 Risk 9: Employee 
relations.
•	 Market driven production curtailments 
continued to impede our operational efficiency, 
causing us to fall short of some of our intensity-
based planet-related targets for the year. For 
example, energy intensity and Scope 1 (direct) 
and Scope 2 (indirect) GHG emissions intensity 
was above target. However, we remain steadfast 
in our commitment to meet and surpass all our 
Thrive (2025) sustainability goals.
Risks
•	 Risk 4: 
Sustainability 
expectations
•	 Risk 7: Climate 
change.
Our business model continued
2024
Annual Integrated Report
27
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Operating review
Profitability improved steadily through the year as the 
challenging destocking cycle of 2023 reversed and ultimately 
performance exceeded our expectations. Boosted by a strong 
fourth quarter performance, the group delivered Adjusted 
EBITDA of US$684 million for FY2024. This was against 
the backdrop of a subdued macroeconomic environment, 
ongoing low consumer confidence, and persistent 
geopolitical uncertainty. 
A key highlight was the pulp segment’s exceptional 
performance, fuelled by strong demand for our Verve 
dissolving wood pulp products, which led to record profitability 
in the South African region. However, paper markets remained 
subdued, with the expected recovery in demand after the 
prolonged destocking phase of 2023 unfolding more slowly 
than anticipated. Sales volumes steadily improved in the 
second half of the year but remained below the previous year. 
Proactive management of capacity utilisation to align with 
demand, along with inventory optimisation to maintain 
working capital, positively impacted earnings. Additionally, 
significant year-on-year fixed costs savings were achieved 
through our strategic rationalisation actions. 
The principles of our Thrive strategy remained a priority with 
our focus on sustaining our financial health, enhancing trust 
and driving operational excellence integral to our success. 
In addition, we made pleasing progress during the year 
towards our objective of growing the business with the 
project to convert and expand Somerset Mill PM2 from 
graphic papers to paperboard progressing on schedule 
towards commissioning in the third quarter of FY2025. 
Strong cash generation by our operations was offset by the 
closure of the two European paper mills and the increased 
strategic capital expenditure associated with the Somerset 
Mill PM2 project. Both of these initiatives will yield substantial 
benefits in coming years. 
Safety 
Safety is a fundamental, non-negotiable value at Sappi, 
seamlessly woven into our strategic framework and embodied 
in our values statement: As OneSappi, we do business safely, 
with integrity and courage, making smart decisions that 
we execute with speed. Recognising that a strong safety 
culture is vital to our success, we have embedded it across 
every facet of our operations. This unwavering commitment 
is a core element of our Thrive strategy, supporting our 
broader goals of sustainability, operational excellence, and 
building stakeholder trust. In FY2024, we achieved strong 
safety performance, with each region reaching its best-ever 
results. However, these achievements were overshadowed 
by the tragic loss of a contractor in our Mpumalanga forestry 
operations, a sobering reminder of the critical need for 
ongoing vigilance and an unwavering commitment to safety. 
Our condolences go to the family, friends and colleagues 
affected, and we remain steadfast in our dedication 
to preventing such tragedies in the future. Our safety ambition 
remains zero injuries, and we continue to implement enhanced 
procedures and focus on improved personal behaviour and 
leadership engagement. 
In July, devastating wildfires ravaged rural KwaZulu-Natal, 
South Africa, fuelled by extremely dry conditions and high 
winds. Tragically, seven firefighters from one of our forestry 
contractors, Farmusa Agric and Forestry Proprietary Limited, 
lost their lives while aiding a farmer in battling a fire on his 
property. We extend our sincerest condolences to the 
families and friends of these brave individuals. 
 
“Profitability improved 
steadily through the year 
as the challenging destocking 
cycle of 2023 reversed and 
ultimately performance 
exceeded our expectations.”
Nkululeko Sowazi, Chairman
Letter to the stakeholders from the 
Chairman and CEO
28
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Markets
Favourable market conditions were supported by a tight 
supply landscape and strong demand buoyed by high viscose 
staple fibre (VSF) operating rates and low inventory levels. 
Supply was tight following closures at competitors and little 
additional capacity added in the past two years. The hardwood 
DWP market price recovered sharply and ended the year 
at US$960 per ton but overall net US Dollar selling prices for 
the pulp segment were slightly down year-on-year. Sales 
volumes declined 5% compared to the prior year primarily due 
to scheduled maintenance shuts at Ngodwana and Cloquet 
Mills in the first quarter, which were not in the prior year, and 
lower high-yield pulp (HYP) sales. Substantial variable cost 
savings, mainly attributable to lower wood costs in South Africa, 
boosted profitability of the segment. 
Demand for packaging and speciality papers products 
improved steadily through the year as the destocking cycle 
of 2023 reversed, leading to an overall 8% increase in sales 
volumes compared to the prior year. Market dynamics varied 
across the regions, with North America and South Africa 
experiencing stronger recoveries and returning to full 
operating rates. European downstream demand was muted 
due to lingering poor consumer sentiment. Although higher 
sales volumes and variable cost savings were achieved, 
these gains were offset by lower selling prices, leading 
to margin erosion for the segment.
Graphic papers sales volumes were up 2% from the previous 
year but the pace of recovery slowed as the year progressed, 
which suggests a likely permanent structural shift in demand. 
Lower selling prices were partially mitigated by variable cost 
savings. The closure of the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills 
significantly reduced the fixed cost base and enhanced 
European capacity utilisation, contributing to improved 
profitability of the segment compared to the prior year. 
Strategic review
We have continued to make difficult but necessary decisions 
to protect and strengthen our business’s resilience and 
sustainability, always looking ahead to the thriving future 
we aim to create.
Sappi’s Thrive strategy reinforces our commitment 
to a sustainable future, focusing on sustainability, innovation, 
and transparency to position Sappi as a trusted, forward-
looking partner in building a biobased circular economy. 
Thrive embodies Sappi’s dedication to long-term growth, 
responsible resource management, and the wellbeing 
of our employees and the communities we serve. It reflects 
our mission to not only thrive but to lead in advancing the 
principles of a sustainable, circular bio-economy.
The Thrive strategy is built on four main objectives:
	 Grow our business – We are committed to our core 
business segments, investing in innovation and growth 
opportunities, and fostering strong customer 
relationships.
	 Sustain our financial health – This involves reducing 
debt, growing EBITDA, maximising product value, 
optimising global processes, and selectively divesting 
non-core assets.
	 Drive operational excellence – We are focused 
on enhancing our safety first culture, reducing 
resource use, improving efficiency, and making smart 
digital investments.
	 Enhance trust – By building stronger relationships 
with customers and communities, driving sustainable 
solutions, and meeting the evolving needs of our 
workforce, we aim to earn and maintain the trust 
of all our stakeholders.
“Demand for dissolving wood 
pulp (DWP) remained robust 
throughout the year, with selling 
prices rallying through the 
second half.”
Steve Binnie, CEO
2024
Annual Integrated Report
29
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Initiatives and actions undertaken in 2024 to support our 
strategic objectives are outlined below.
Grow our business
Growing the business is essential to Sappi’s long-term 
success and resilience. By expanding in our growth segments 
and investing in new opportunities, Sappi not only strengthens 
its competitive edge but also enhances its ability to adapt 
to changing market demands. This growth fuels innovation, 
supports job creation, and provides a solid foundation for 
further advancements in sustainable practices and product 
development. Ultimately, a focus on growth ensures Sappi can 
continue delivering value to its customers, employees and 
communities, while driving positive environmental and social 
impact in line with the Thrive strategy.
In 2024 our growth segments, pulp and packaging and 
speciality papers constituted 60% of Adjusted EBITDA and 
represented 56% of sales volumes (excluding forestry). 
In a challenging global economic environment marked by low 
consumer confidence, this was a satisfactory performance 
reflecting the resilience of these segments. The long-term 
outlook for pulp, packaging, and speciality papers products 
remains positive, and we are committed to maximising 
profitability by expanding capacity and optimising our 
product mix. 
The conversion and expansion of Somerset Mill PM2 from 
coated woodfree graphic papers to solid bleached sulphate 
(SBS) paperboard made strong progress this year. This 
US$418 million investment – the largest in Sappi’s history – 
is fully aligned with our strategy to reduce exposure to graphic 
papers and grow in the higher-margin packaging sector. The 
project remains on schedule for commissioning in April 2025, 
adding 470,000 tons per annum (tpa) of capacity to our 
packaging papers segment.
We made good progress in expanding our packaging 
and speciality papers portfolio during the year with 
the development of a number of new products. Key 
advancements include the development of recyclable paper 
substrates with barrier functionality, such as Guard MH, 
a renewable alternative to non-recyclable packaging that 
meets the growing demand for eco-friendly disposal options. 
Another breakthrough is Silco Star, a glassine paper featuring 
a new clay-based coating, which reduces silicone usage and 
offers a sustainable alternative to traditional coatings. 
At the end of the financial year, we successfully completed the 
conversion of the PM9 machine at Gratkorn Mill to produce 
high-quality label paper, expanding the production capabilities 
of the machine so that it can now produce a comprehensive 
range of high-quality label papers including self-adhesive and 
wet strength label papers in addition to traditional coated 
woodfree graphic papers grades. The investment introduces 
advanced technological innovations, such as a new 
embossing calendar and updated water and material cycles, 
critical for producing durable wet-glue label papers suited for 
returnable beer bottles. This strategic conversion significantly 
strengthens the Gratkorn Mill’s competitive position as the 
enhanced technical capabilities of the PM9 machine broaden 
the product portfolio, providing greater flexibility to optimise 
the product mix and effectively offset the anticipated gradual 
decline in graphic papers volumes.
Our commitment is to do more with less by making the 
most out of every tree used in our production processes. 
Therefore, our Sappi Biotech business remains a long-term 
strategic focus as we develop new circular products for 
adjacent markets. We expanded our Valida product line 
with new biomaterials for diverse sectors. Highlights include 
Valida fibrillated cellulose for cosmetics and homecare, which 
reduces energy use by 60%, and Valida T, a biodegradable 
rheology modifier free of microplastics, aligning with 
EU environmental regulations. In the agricultural sector, 
Valida’s microplastic-free formulation supports crop 
protection and fertiliser with a 30% energy reduction, 
making it a sustainable choice over synthetic polymers. 
These innovations reflect Sappi’s commitment to a thriving, 
sustainable future. Our lignin business remains a strategic 
growth opportunity and we have accelerated the development 
and commercialisation of higher value lignin-based solutions. 
In 2024, we also successfully launched Viscowell, our 
lignosulphonate-based product used in oil-well drilling for 
mud thinning, fluid loss and as a retarder for well cementing. 
Sustain our financial health
Globally, graphic papers capacity exceeds demand and 
the industry continued to be characterised by significant 
overcapacity in 2024. In response, we proactively undertook 
a strategic rationalisation of our European business, 
removing approximately ~30% of our graphic papers capacity 
through the closures of the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills. 
We were able to successfully transfer the sales from these 
two operations to our remaining graphic papers assets which 
allowed us to maximise our capacity utilisation, reduce the 
fixed cost position and improve the profitability of the 
European business. The net cash costs of the closures 
in the year were US$234 million, which included the 
proceeds from the sale of the Stockstadt Mill site. The sale 
of the Lanaken Mill site was also successfully completed 
and proceeds of US$44 million were received shortly after 
year end. 
Net debt at financial year end increased to US$1,422 million 
(FY2023 US$1,085 million) primarily due to the increased 
capital expenditure associated with the conversion and 
expansion of Somerset Mill PM2 project and the cash outflow 
associated with the closure of the Stockstadt and Lanaken 
Mills in Europe. In addition, a negative currency translation 
effect on our Euro-denominated debt being converted at a 
higher rate, increased net debt by US$63 million for the year. 
Letter to the stakeholders from the Chairman and CEO continued
30
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Capital expenditure of US$458 million was slightly below 
guidance due to timing differences on some projects and the 
deferment of some non-critical projects. The expenditure 
included US$160 million for the conversion and expansion 
of Somerset Mill PM2. Aligned with our Thrive strategy, our 
capital allocation remains firmly directed toward expanding 
in high-growth market segments, strengthening our 
competitive position and delivering sustained shareholder 
value as we enhance profitability of the group. Capital 
expenditure for FY2025 is estimated to be in the region 
of US$500 million and will include approximately 
US$157 million for the completion of the Somerset Mill 
PM2 project. The project is expected to be completed 
by April 2025 and therefore most of the capex will be incurred 
in the first half of the financial year. We remain committed 
to our net debt target of US$1 billion, or a leverage ratio 
of 1.5x net debt/Adjusted EBITDA through the cycle. 
Debt reduction will therefore be our capital allocation priority 
in the second half of FY2025 and into FY2026. 
Despite the net cash utilisation for the year, liquidity at year 
end remained healthy with cash on hand of US$317 million 
and US$692 million from unutilised committed revolving 
credit facilities (RCFs) in South Africa and Europe.
Drive operational excellence
Sappi’s strategic focus on operational excellence 
in FY2024 has been instrumental in driving both efficiency and 
innovation across our global operations. This commitment 
enables us to maintain a competitive edge, streamline 
processes and align with our Thrive strategy to meet 
sustainability and circular economy goals. Our investments 
this year in advanced equipment, strategic upgrades and 
decarbonisation initiatives are core to enhancing operational 
flexibility, reducing costs and responding dynamically 
to market demands.
At Gratkorn Mill, we made considerable progress with the 
multi-phase modernisation of PM11, which is the largest 
coated woodfree paper machine in Europe. Set for 
completion in the upcoming year, this project introduces 
significant upgrades across the machine, including advanced 
automation, electrical improvements, new control systems, 
and enhanced quality inspection technologies. These 
enhancements will not only improve PM11’s coating profile 
but also ensure greater machine reliability and uptime 
by minimising electrical failures. The final adjustments 
in Phase 3 will bring PM11 to best-available technology 
standards, reinforcing our competitive stance in the 
commercial print sector. This project, pivotal to our graphic 
papers strategy, strengthens Sappi’s position in a challenging 
market and supports our commitment to delivering 
consistent, high-quality output in the print industry. 
At Ehingen Mill, the installation of a new slitter winder added 
valuable production flexibility, supporting the strategic 
‘carouselling’ of paper grades across our European 
operations. Following the closure of Stockstadt and 
Lanaken Mills, Ehingen Mill took on Stockstadt Mill’s 
uncoated woodfree grades, expanding its product offerings 
and enabling a seamless transition of sales and production. 
This upgrade was critical for supporting Sappi’s agile 
response to shifting product demands and for maximising 
the potential of our assets amid broader market changes. 
Additionally, the new reel packaging machine at Gratkorn Mill 
now enables the production of reels with variable widths 
and weights, further enhancing product adaptability and 
positioning us to meet diverse customer requirements. 
Aligned with our Thrive strategy, we have also made 
significant strides in decarbonisation initiatives, which 
not only reduce Sappi’s environmental footprint but also 
improve operational efficiency and drive cost savings. 
At Kirkniemi and Gratkorn Mills, we introduced flexible fuel 
options in our multi-fuel boilers, allowing a transition 
to biomass – a renewable and cost-effective alternative 
to fossil fuels. This shift contributes to substantial cost 
savings and environmental benefits by lowering carbon 
emissions and reliance on traditional energy sources. 
Similarly, at Maastricht Mill, the installation of an e-boiler 
paired with our on-site combined heat and power (CHP) 
plant offers increased operational agility. This setup allows 
us to capitalise on renewable energy from the grid when 
it is abundant and cost-effective while ensuring power 
consistency through the CHP plant during times of scarcity. 
When renewable energy production exceeds demand, 
we can also sell surplus power back to the grid, creating 
an additional revenue stream. These decarbonisation 
projects are a testament to the potential for sustainable 
investments to generate tangible business value through 
variable cost savings, enhanced efficiency and new revenue 
opportunities, all while supporting Sappi’s climate resilience.
As supply chain challenges persist, our agility in seeking 
alternative suppliers and chemicals is vital for maintaining 
procurement flexibility, which is a cornerstone of our 
operational excellence strategy. Reducing both variable 
and fixed costs throughout the business is integral both 
to maintaining or improving margins and to the sustainability 
of our operations. We set ourselves a target of a US$58 million 
reduction in third-party expenditure compared to 2023 
through efficiency and raw material usage improvements 
as well as delivering savings through various procurement 
initiatives. We are pleased to report that savings of 
US$104 million were realised. In 2025 we are targeting 
approximately US$60 million in variable cost savings. 
Together, these initiatives in operational excellence position 
Sappi not only to navigate current market challenges 
but also to thrive long term. By investing in world-class 
equipment, fostering flexibility across our product lines, 
and embracing sustainability innovations, Sappi is well-
equipped to adapt to industry shifts, maximise asset 
utilisation, and sustain a strong market position in both 
graphic papers and packaging papers sectors.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
31
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Enhance trust
At Sappi, fostering a robust ethical culture is essential for 
enhancing trust and driving long-term value creation for our 
stakeholders. Our commitment to integrity and responsibility 
is anchored in a strong ethical framework, embodied in our 
Code of Ethics, which guides our directors, employees, 
suppliers and customers in their daily interactions. This 
framework extends across all facets of our operations, 
including environmental stewardship, responsible sourcing, 
and the promotion of a diverse and inclusive workforce while 
actively engaging with customers and local communities. 
To ensure the right ethical behaviour is instilled, our ethics 
training initiatives utilise relevant and practical examples, 
moving beyond a mere tick-box approach.
We strive to strengthen trust with stakeholders through 
a holistic approach that prioritises transparency and active 
engagement. By openly communicating our operational 
performance and sustainability initiatives, we reinforce 
our commitment to transparency, thereby building trust 
among investors, customers and the broader community. 
Our people strategy further emphasises leadership 
development and the cultivation of a cohesive culture that 
reflects the spirit of OneSappi. Through these efforts, 
we enhance our organisational capabilities to meet current 
and future challenges while boosting employee engagement, 
ultimately reaffirming our dedication to excellence and 
sustainable growth.
Employee engagement is crucial for enhancing trust as it 
fosters open communication, collaboration and a shared 
commitment to the organisation’s values, creating a more 
transparent and supportive workplace culture. Following 
on from our Employee Engagement Survey in 2023 we held 
extensive employee consultations and developed action 
plans to address priority improvement areas. By year 
end, 84% of these items were closed. The next survey 
is scheduled for February 2025. We made good progress 
in our objective to increase gender equality and continue 
to actively nurture emerging talent and create inclusive 
growth opportunities. Our commitment to fostering 
a working environment that values diversity and inclusion, 
as well as recognising and rewarding the contributions of our 
employees, garnered several external accolades this year. 
Sappi was listed by Times magazine as one of the ‘World’s 
Best Companies’1 and by Forbes as one of the ‘World’s Best 
Employers’2. We are also particularly proud to have been 
ranked seventh by Forbes in their annual ‘World’s Top 
Companies for Women’3 report. These external recognitions 
reflect our efforts in employee engagement, acknowledging 
the critical role of women in our industry, attracting and 
retaining top talent, implementing our Thrive strategy, 
and taking tangible actions to enhance our sustainability 
performance. 
Sappi is deeply committed to making a positive social impact 
in our neighbouring communities, recognising that their 
prosperity and wellbeing are linked to our own. In South Africa, 
where challenges such as poverty and unemployment are 
prevalent, Sappi has embraced the need for businesses 
to play a pivotal role in addressing social issues. Our focus 
on shared value not only helps build trust and legitimacy 
within communities but also reduces operational disruptions, 
enabling us to establish healthy relationships and enhance 
our licence to operate. Our Early Childhood Development 
(ECD) programme has successfully trained practitioners 
in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal, with 90% demonstrating 
improved teaching methods. We successfully bridged the 
digital divide by donating laptops to top-achieving Grade 12 
learners who are heading to university to ease the financial 
burden on these students as well as equip them with tools 
to excel in their studies. We also connected six area schools 
to the internet, positively impacting over 5,000 students and 
170 educators. Additionally, our partnership with MyWalk 
provided eco-friendly shoes to 691 students, reinforcing 
our commitment to both education and environmental 
sustainability. Community development efforts through the 
Abashintshi programme have inspired youth leadership and 
engagement, and our Enterprise and Supplier Development 
(ESD) strategy has bolstered small businesses, sustaining 
over 1,500 jobs this year. The Sappi Khulisa forestry 
programme has successfully engaged over 4,143 small 
growers and approximately 942 small, medium and micro 
enterprises in sustainable forestry practices, resulting in the 
delivery of 318,116 tons of timber valued at ZAR332.6 million 
in 2024. We trained 471 people in 20 different courses, 
including on core operational skills in forestry as well 
as safety, legal compliance and business management. 
Through these initiatives, Sappi is not only enhancing its 
operational sustainability but also uplifting communities and 
contributing to long-lasting positive change. 
Values and ethics are critical for driving operational 
performance and developing stakeholder trust. We place 
a high premium on adherence to sustainable business 
practices and ethical behaviour as encapsulated in our 
Supplier Code of Conduct and in 2024 we made further 
progress towards our supplier engagement target with 
84% of suppliers in compliance, well ahead of our 2025 target 
of 80%. Our partnership with EcoVadis continued to gain 
momentum and in 2024, 59% of our global eligible spend was 
with suppliers that disclose and have a corporate social 
responsibility (CSR) performance rating with EcoVadis. 
Furthermore, 25% of our global eligible spend is with suppliers 
that commit to science-based emissions reduction targets. 
On 06 November 2024, Sappi’s directors approved a 
dividend of 14 US cents per share, payable to shareholders 
on 13 January 2025. This decision, made after the 
2024 fiscal year end, reflects Sappi’s commitment 
to returning value to shareholders, with the dividend covered 
three times by adjusted earnings per share. Funded from 
cash reserves, this dividend underscores Sappi’s financial 
strength and dedication to delivering consistent returns.
1	 www.time.com/collection/worlds-best-companies-2024/ 
2	 www.forbes.com/lists/worlds-best-employers/ 
3	 www.forbes.com/lists/top-companies-women/ 
Letter to the stakeholders from the Chairman and CEO continued
32
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Sustainability
Sappi is acutely aware of the impact our operations have 
on both the environment and local communities. By placing 
sustainability at the forefront of our strategy, we not only 
reduce our environmental footprint but also safeguard 
the long-term success of our business. Our dedication 
to responsible resource management, minimising carbon 
emissions, and upholding ethical practices reinforces our 
standing as a progressive and socially responsible leader 
in the industry. As we tackle the challenges of decarbonising 
our value chain, we understand that collaboration is vital 
to our success. We actively engage with the WBCSD Forest 
Solutions Group (FSG) to advance net zero and nature-
positive roadmaps tailored for the forestry sector, and we 
co-lead efforts to develop an equity roadmap for the sector. 
Additionally, we have played a significant role in shaping 
the new Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Land Sector and 
Removals Guidance.
In 2024, we saw significant improvements in our 
performance against key planet KPIs, driven by enhanced 
operational efficiency and fewer production curtailments due 
to challenging market conditions compared to the previous 
year. However, capacity utilisation in North America and 
Europe remained below full potential, and various operational 
disruptions prevented us from fully meeting our emission 
and water intensity targets. On a positive note, our renewable 
energy usage increased, and we successfully achieved 
our waste reduction targets. We remain confident that our 
climate strategy and capital investment programme is on 
track to deliver our 2025 and 2030 commitments. 
We are making good progress towards our Thrive 
sustainability goals and are confident that a resilient and 
growing Sappi is well-placed to lead as it adapts to an 
uncertain future.
Looking forward
Looking to the future, we are committed to consistently 
generate lasting value for our stakeholders through our 
unwavering focus on execution of our Thrive strategy. 
Dissolving wood pulp market dynamics are expected 
to remain favourable through the first quarter as VSF 
operating rates remain high and inventory levels through the 
value chain are at historical lows. The DWP supply landscape 
remains constrained with no new capacity anticipated in the 
short term. VSF pricing increased through November 2024, 
providing further support for hardwood DWP pricing which 
maintained its upwards momentum and increased a further 
US$10 to US$970 per ton. 
The long-term favourable outlook for our sustainably 
produced packaging and speciality papers products remains 
unchanged, and demand from our customers in South Africa 
and North America is healthy. Sappi is well-positioned 
to benefit from the additional paperboard capacity from 
the conversion and expansion of Somerset Mill PM2 that will 
start up in the third quarter. However, challenges persist 
in the short term in Europe as market recovery is taking 
longer than expected and the macroeconomic landscape 
remains unpredictable, which is likely to continue to weigh 
on consumer sentiment. We therefore do not expect any 
meaningful volume recovery in the region in the first quarter 
of the financial year. 
Graphic papers markets have experienced a permanent 
structural decline through FY2024 and are expected 
to resume the historical 6% – 8% decline through FY2025. 
Globally there is significant overcapacity. We have proactively 
reduced our capacity in Europe to align with our anticipated 
market share of demand and will remove further capacity 
in FY2025 as we ramp up the wet strength label production 
on Gratkorn Mill PM9. In North America, post the conversion 
of Somerset Mill PM2, we will continue to meet the needs 
of our graphic papers customers while fully utilising 
our assets.
Global pulp markets have diverged over the last few months. 
In stark contrast to the robust DWP market, paper pulp 
markets have come under significant pressure as large 
new pulp capacity has been added and downstream paper 
demand remains suppressed. Lower paper pulp pricing will 
benefit our paper businesses, particularly in Europe where 
we purchase approximately 50% of our pulp requirements 
from the open market. We anticipate that the plantation fair 
value price adjustment for the first quarter will be negative 
due to lower wood costs in South Africa. 
Challenging global macroeconomic conditions and ongoing 
geopolitical tensions continue to cause disruptions in our 
markets. Additionally, supply chain instability and fluctuating 
input costs have added pressure to both production and 
pricing strategies, making market dynamics unpredictable. 
In this environment, we are sharpening our focus on operational 
excellence by proactively managing capacity utilisation and 
vigorously pursuing cost-saving opportunities. 
Aligned with our Thrive strategy, our capital allocation 
remains firmly directed toward expanding in high-growth 
market segments, strengthening our competitive position 
and delivering sustained shareholder value as we enhance 
profitability of the group. Capital expenditure for FY2025 
is estimated to be in the region of US$500 million and will 
include approximately US$157 million for the completion 
of the Somerset Mill PM2 project. 
Deleveraging of our balance sheet remains a top priority 
for the business and with our healthy liquidity we are 
well-positioned to complete our strategic capital project 
at Somerset Mill and to navigate any market challenges 
in the coming year. 
Notwithstanding the ongoing global macroeconomic 
challenges, we anticipate that the Adjusted EBITDA for 
the first quarter of FY2025 will be significantly above that 
of the equivalent quarter of the prior year.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
33
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Appreciation 
Sappi extends its heartfelt appreciation to all stakeholders, 
recognising their invaluable contributions and steadfast 
support that shape the company’s actions and decisions. 
This includes our customers, with whom we collaborate 
to develop sustainable biobased products, as well as our 
dedicated employees, whose wellbeing and commitment are 
essential to our success. We also acknowledge the wide array 
of stakeholders whose insights and feedback enhance Sappi’s 
role as a responsible corporate citizen. We deeply value these 
relationships and the integral role each stakeholder plays 
in our ongoing development and performance. Furthermore, 
we wish to express our gratitude to our board of directors for 
their unwavering dedication, expertise and leadership, which 
are critical in guiding our strategic direction and ensuring our 
sustainable growth.
In conclusion, we value the support which our shareholders 
have provided as we work to enhance sustainable long-term 
shareholder returns. We look forward to their participation 
at the annual general meeting (AGM) on 05 February 2025. 
Changes to the board and the executive 
management
Mr Mohammed (Valli) Moosa, a longstanding member 
of the board currently serving as Lead Independent 
Director, Chairman of the Social, Ethics, Transformation 
and Sustainability (SETS) Committee and member of the 
Nomination and Governance Committee will retire on 
31 December 2024. 
The board has approved the following changes to the 
directorate which will take effect from 01 January 2025. 
Mr Michael (Mike) Fallon is appointed as Lead Independent 
Director and resigns from his position as Chairman of the 
Human Resources and Compensation Committee. Mr Fallon 
remains as a member of the committee. Mr Louis von Zeuner 
is appointed as Chairman of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee. Mr Brian Beamish is appointed 
as Chairman of the SETS Committee. Additionally, 
Ms Eleni Istavridis is appointed to the SETS Committee 
and Ms Zola Malinga to the Nomination and Governance 
Committee.
We are pleased to announce that Mr Graeme Wild, currently 
Vice President (VP) Sales and Marketing at Sappi Southern 
Africa, has been appointed as CEO of Sappi Southern Africa 
as from 01 December 2024. Graeme succeeds Mr Alex Thiel, 
who has been CEO of Sappi Southern Africa for 14 years and 
will now assume new strategic project duties until his retirement 
at the end of December 2025. We thank Alex for his significant 
service to Sappi during his 34 years with the company.
Letter to the stakeholders from the Chairman and CEO continued
34
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Q1
How is the Somerset Mill PM2 
conversion and expansion 
project going and how does this 
project change the Sappi North 
American product portfolio 
and profitability? 
The Somerset Mill PM2 conversion and expansion is the 
largest capital investment in Sappi’s history, with a 
commitment of US$418 million to transform the PM2 
machine from 235,000 tpa of coated woodfree graphic papers 
to 470,000 tpa SBS paperboard. The project is progressing 
well and remains on schedule for start-up in April 2025. 
To date, approximately US$261 million has been spent, with 
US$157 million remaining for the first half of FY2025. 
SBS paperboard primarily serves three key applications – 
folding cartons, food service board (FSB) for cups and 
plates, and liquid packaging – each requiring high standards 
in print quality, durability, and virgin fibre compliance for 
food-contact products.
With our Somerset Mill PM1 machine we have approximately 
7% market share of the North American SBS market 
(~5 million tpa) and will double this after the PM2 project. 
We anticipate a conservative 2% compound annual growth 
rate (CAGR) aligned with global gross domestic product 
(GDP) growth with demand driven by rising consumer 
preference for sustainable packaging options and stricter 
regulations on single-use fossil fuel derived packaging. 
Somerset Mill’s expansion through PM2 enables us to 
support growing demand from established customer 
relationships while also entering new segments in FSB cup 
stock and liquid packaging. PM1 and PM2 will be the most 
technically advanced and modern SBS machines in the US, 
allowing us to leverage significant economies of scale, 
enhanced technical flexibility, and our integrated supply 
of kraft and bleached chemi-thermo mechanical pulp, 
positioning us cost-effectively against competitors. The 
additional volume also caters to the needs of non-integrated 
converters seeking SBS supply independent of large, 
integrated players. Somerset Mill’s approach of meeting 
specific customer requirements and achieving a consistent 
quality standard, supported by a secure, domestic supply 
chain, ensures a stable and attractive value proposition 
in a complex market where brand owners increasingly 
prioritise sustainability, cost-efficiency, and product quality. 
This project supports the broader Sappi Thrive strategy 
by advancing two key objectives: reducing exposure to the 
declining graphic papers markets and expanding our footprint 
in the growing packaging and speciality papers sectors. 
Once the PM2 machine is fully operational, the product mix 
in Sappi North America will shift, with graphic papers reducing 
from about 43% of capacity to less than 30% (~780,000 tpa 
reducing to 540,000 tpa), and packaging and speciality 
papers rising from 32% to 54% (~580,000 tpa increasing 
to 1,050,000 tpa). Given the expected 6% – 8% annual 
decline in US graphic papers demand, this strategic 
realignment enables us to reduce graphic papers capacity 
in step with market trends, maximising capacity utilisation 
whilst maintaining service to our graphic papers customers. 
Additionally, the hybrid capability of Somerset Mill PM1, which 
can produce both coated woodfree (CWF) and SBS, offers 
flexibility to support the PM2 ramp-up while managing 
decreasing CWF demand, optimising capacity utilisation 
and profitability. 
We anticipate strong returns on the PM2 investment, with the 
project expected to exceed a 20% internal rate of return (IRR) 
thus contributing an additional US$100 million to the annual 
North American EBITDA over time. 
“The Somerset Mill PM2 conversion 
and expansion is the largest capital 
investment in Sappi’s history, with 
a commitment of US$418 million 
to transform the PM2 machine 
from 235,000 tons per annum (tpa) 
of coated woodfree graphic papers 
to 470,000 tpa of solid bleached 
sulphate (SBS) paperboard.”
Steve Binnie, CEO
Q&A with the CEO
2024
Annual Integrated Report
35
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

Q2
Your dissolving wood pulp (DWP)
business performed strongly 
in 2024. Could you elaborate 
on the key market demand 
and pricing drivers and your 
expectations for the future?
In 2024, textile markets remained relatively subdued, 
impacted by persistent low consumer confidence driven 
by macroeconomic challenges, inflation and geopolitical 
uncertainties. Despite these pressures over the past year, 
VSF producers managed to sustain high operating rates and 
historically low downstream inventory levels. This apparent 
demand resilience is likely due to market share gains from 
cotton. Cotton prices were more volatile and at a premium 
compared to VSF over the past two years, encouraging 
a shift toward VSF in downstream applications. 
The DWP supply landscape remained tight throughout 2024. 
Existing swing capacity between DWP and paper pulp was 
largely dedicated to DWP production this year, and further 
shifts are constrained without major capital upgrades, 
maintaining a restricted DWP supply landscape. The DWP 
market has a high barrier to entry, as adding new capacity 
requires significant capital investment. Additionally, traditional 
paper pulp operations are not technically equipped to produce 
DWP without expensive modifications to the production 
process. Historically, there was a strong correlation between 
DWP and paper pulp prices as swing producers would adjust 
output based on price differentials. Typically, when the 
differential exceeded US$300/ton, swing capacity would shift 
into DWP production, increasing supply and putting downward 
pressure on DWP prices. However, the past year has seen 
a notable disconnect between DWP and paper pulp pricing. 
The DWP price has risen over the past six months whereas 
paper pulp prices have dropped dramatically, leading 
to a differential that exceeds US$400 per ton. The weakness 
in paper pulp prices was mainly driven by a substantial influx 
of new paper pulp capacity amid weak paper market demand. 
In contrast, demand for DWP and VSF remained robust, 
leading swing capacity to continue producing DWP for 
a longer period. While some closures in DWP production 
partially offset the extended use of swing capacity, the DWP 
supply landscape remained tight. As a result, DWP demand 
dynamics have become the key driver of pricing. 
DWP pricing is therefore increasingly influenced by the 
demand dynamics for textile fibres, specifically VSF and 
cotton demand and pricing. VSF producers have maintained 
a consistent pricing discount to cotton, which has supported 
demand for VSF within the context of weak textile markets. 
As a result, DWP pricing is effectively range-bound by VSF 
and overall textile fibre pricing trends. A recovery in the global 
economy and consumer demand for textiles should lead 
to more favourable textile fibre pricing dynamics, creating 
additional upward momentum for DWP pricing. The combination 
of strong downstream demand for DWP from the VSF sector, 
tight supply landscape and decoupling of pricing from paper 
pulp led to the more robust short-term market dynamics for 
DWP compared to other consumer-driven markets in 2024. 
The VSF market has traditionally grown at a rate of 4% – 5% 
annually, outpacing the overall textile market’s 2% growth, 
largely due to a gradual market share gain from cotton, which 
faces limited growth, land-use challenges, and future climate 
change impacts. In the medium to longer term, we anticipate 
that textile markets will resume their growth trends as the 
global economy recovers. The wood-based textile fibres 
(VSF and lyocell) offer significant sustainability benefits over 
cotton and polyester and therefore the higher growth rate 
of these fibres is likely to be maintained as they slowly 
increase market share. We remain highly optimistic about the 
outlook for DWP markets and Sappi will continue to explore 
opportunities to capitalise on this positive growth.
Q3
With declining demand for 
graphic papers and ongoing 
market overcapacity, how has 
Sappi’s restructuring in Europe 
strengthened the company, and 
what are your future plans for 
the region?
Our European business is particularly exposed to graphic 
papers markets with approximately 70% of capacity in the 
region serving this declining market. Sales volumes for 
FY2024 were up 3% year-on-year but this was not due to any 
meaningful change in underlying demand but rather a result 
of inventory normalisation following the destocking cycle 
in 2023. The historical rate of decline for graphic papers has 
been approximately 6% per annum but we are now taking 
a more conservative modelling approach of 8% annual 
decline as our base case assumption going forward. RISI’s 
European Graphic Paper five-year forecast (July 2024) 
estimates that the capacity for coated woodfree (CWF) 
and coated mechanical (CM) paper in 2024 was close 
to 9 million tpa with demand at only 5 million tons for the year. 
While our estimates of capacity are slightly lower than RISI’s 
as we assume that producers have shifted some capacity 
to speciality papers, this still represents a significant 
oversupply and industry operating rates are estimated 
to be in the low 70%. With a continued decline in demand 
projected for the foreseeable future and recognising that 
these low operating rates are unsustainable, it is clear that 
capacity closures will be required to balance the market. 
Sappi has been proactive in adjusting our capacity to match 
our share of demand. With the closures of the Stockstadt 
and Lanaken Mills we removed 30% of our European capacity 
and were successfully able to transfer the sales from these 
mills to our other assets thereby maintaining our market 
share and continuing to supply our customers whilst 
maximising our capacity utilisation. The operational 
efficiency benefits of substantially improved utilisation 
of our assets and the lower cost base of our other mills 
relative to Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills yielded variable cost 
savings and boosted contributions for the transferred sales 
volumes. In addition, substantial annualised fixed cost 
savings of approximately US$120 million led to improved 
profitability of our graphic papers business in the region 
in spite of the extremely unfavourable market conditions. 
Q&A with the CEO continued
36
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

These actions helped to sustain healthy EBITDA margins, 
demonstrating that, with efficient operations and a balanced 
capacity, the graphic papers segment remains profitable 
and cash-generative, which can support future growth 
in other areas of the group. In the short term, we will continue 
to reduce our graphic papers capacity as we increase label 
production on our Gratkorn Mill PM9 machine following the 
successful capital project to expand our label capabilities 
to produce wet strength labels. Through this project we will 
remove a further 100,000 – 150,000 tpa of CWF capacity 
thereby maintaining our capacity/demand balance for 
the near future. We are also committed to shifting more 
production on our hybrid assets at Ehingen Mill and 
Maastricht Mill to packaging papers grades as markets 
in Europe recover and will continue to explore potential for 
incremental investments to expand our packaging and 
speciality papers capabilities. 
Q4
Sappi’s net debt increased 
in FY2024. How does Sappi 
approach capital allocation 
to effectively balance growth 
opportunities with debt 
management? 
The increase in net debt for FY2024 was expected, driven 
by planned capital expenditure for the Somerset Mill PM2 
project and restructuring costs in Europe. We anticipate 
a further cash outflow in the first half of FY2025 as we make 
a shareholder dividend payment in January and complete 
the Somerset Mill project, with PM2 scheduled to be offline 
for 70 days from January to April. Additionally, annual 
maintenance shutdowns at Ngodwana and Saiccor Mills 
are planned for FQ2. Therefore, net debt will likely peak 
in the second quarter.
Our strategic focus on sustaining our financial health through 
disciplined capital allocation and a strong emphasis on cash 
generation has materially repositioned our balance sheet 
over the last two years. We are committed to our net debt 
target of US$1 billion, or a leverage ratio of 1.5x net debt/
Adjusted EBITDA through the cycle. Debt reduction will 
therefore be our capital allocation priority in the second half 
of FY2025 and into FY2026. With no major capital projects 
planned during this period and additional Somerset Mill 
PM2 volumes boosting FY2026 earnings, we expect 
to rapidly deleverage our balance sheet. We recognise that 
a lower debt profile and healthy cash reserves provide 
us with flexibility to navigate the headwinds of cyclical 
downturns and provides opportunities for investments 
for growth in our target markets and debt management 
therefore remains our top priority in the short term. 
Sustaining our operations and enhancing our environmental 
footprint are also high priorities, with typical maintenance and 
sustainability capex around US$320 million per year. We are 
confident that our strategic focus on reducing graphic 
papers exposure and expanding our packaging papers 
business will strengthen cash generation and profitability. 
We are committed to delivering shareholder value, with 
a dividend policy targeting a three-times earnings cover. 
Q5
With your current Thrive 
sustainability targets set 
to conclude in 2025, how do you 
envision your priority metrics 
and KPIs evolving as you look 
toward 2030?
Setting targets is essential for Sappi’s sustainability journey 
because it provides clear, measurable goals that drive 
progress towards our strategic objectives and contribute 
to global sustainable development. With well-defined targets, 
Sappi can create a sustainability roadmap that balances the 
needs of Prosperity, People, Planet: ensuring responsible 
growth, and contribution to a healthier planet and society, 
helping to create a world in which both people and nature 
can thrive.
Reflecting on our progress toward our 2025 goals, it’s clear 
we have made significant strides on our sustainability journey. 
While there have been challenges in certain areas where 
progress hasn’t fully met our ambitions, our commitment 
remains steadfast. We are focused on making the greatest 
positive impact possible in the next 12 months. Looking ahead 
to 2030, our vision is to ensure that sustainability is embedded 
in every part of our business, with each Sappi employee 
empowered to contribute directly to our shared goals. 
By prioritising innovation and growth in biobased solutions 
for a circular economy, Sappi is helping to drive the 
global shift toward a nature-positive, low-carbon future. 
Our 2030 goals will continue to align with the UN SDGs 
and the ‘3Ps’ of sustainability: Prosperity, People, Planet.
	 Prosperity: These targets will lay the groundwork for 
sustainable growth and profitability, ensuring resilience 
and long-term value creation for stakeholders.
	 People: By setting goals around workplace safety, 
diversity and community engagement, we will 
strengthen Sappi’s workforce and contribute 
to a healthier, more inclusive society. These initiatives 
will also help build a skilled, motivated team, driving 
our success.
	 Planet: Given Sappi’s significant manufacturing and 
forest footprint, our environmental targets are critical 
to ensure that we minimise our impacts on nature and 
address pressing ecological challenges, such as climate 
change, biodiversity loss and resource depletion. 
By focusing on carbon emission reduction, water 
conservation, waste reduction, biodiversity and 
forest protection, we will minimise our environmental 
impact, address climate change, and meet the rising 
expectations from our stakeholders for sustainable 
operations.
This integrated approach will enable Sappi to contribute 
to global sustainability while building a resilient, forward-
looking business.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
37
DELIVERING SUSTAINED  
VALUE
 

38
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Pace
‘Keeping pace’ in nature, refers to the ability of organisms to adapt and evolve 
in response to environmental changes. For species to survive, they must 
continuously adjust to shifting conditions, such as climate change, availability 
of resources, and interactions with other species. It’s a dynamic process 
that requires resilience, flexibility, and the capacity to innovate.
At Sappi, we see this as our competitive agility – our ability not to be 
outpaced by market trends, technological advancements and consumer 
demands. Momentum in business involves maintaining a steady flow 
of progress and growth, which we achieve through continuous improvement, 
innovation, being close to our customers and strategic planning.
It is this ability that allows us to progress steadily and consistently while 
always keeping pace and staying abreast of market changes through 
continuous innovation and adaptation. By understanding and responding 
to the latest environmental regulations and market innovations, we comply 
to and integrate global sustainability standards, ensuring that we remain 
effective and relevant in our commitment to the planet and our efforts 
to advance a circular economy. 
2024
Annual Integrated Report
39
 

Our external operating environment presents us with both risks and 
opportunities, impacts our ability to generate social and enterprise value 
and informs our approach to our stakeholders, as well as our approach 
to material matters.
Slow global macroeconomic 
growth
Context
Our response
Since the Covid-19 pandemic, global economic 
growth has decelerated under persistent inflationary 
pressures. Central banks worldwide have responded 
by tightening monetary policies, raising interest rates 
to contain inflation, which has further slowed 
economic expansion. Higher interest rates have 
reduced consumer purchasing power and 
confidence, leading consumers to cut back on 
non-essential spending, particularly in economies 
driven by consumer demand. Heightened global 
tensions, including US-China trade frictions and the 
conflict in Ukraine, add to economic uncertainty. 
Ongoing supply chain disruptions, initially triggered 
by the pandemic and exacerbated by geopolitical 
conflicts, have resulted in increased costs for 
businesses and consumers. Sappi, whose business 
segments include packaging and speciality papers 
for consumer goods, dissolving wood pulp (DWP) 
for the textile value chain, and graphic papers for 
commercial print, is directly impacted by these 
consumer-driven economic challenges.
Sappi is proactively addressing weak demand dynamics within our 
markets by carefully managing capacity utilisation to align with current 
demand levels, optimising production efficiency, and controlling costs. 
This approach is complemented by a strong focus on cost-saving 
initiatives, strengthening customer relationships, and practising 
disciplined capital allocation, all aimed at sustaining our financial health 
during this challenging period. By maintaining flexibility and prioritising 
financial resilience, Sappi is well-positioned to capitalise on future 
economic recovery, ensuring we are prepared to support growing 
demand as market conditions improve.
Our operating context
40
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Global supply chain  
disruptions
Context
Our response
Global supply chains have endured a decade 
of major disruptions, from the US-China trade war 
and Covid-19 pandemic to the Russia-Ukraine 
conflict, leaving lasting effects on how goods and 
resources flow worldwide. Although supply chain 
operations stabilised somewhat in 2023, new 
challenges and risks have emerged for 2024. 
Economic pressures, such as inflation and recession, 
continued to pose significant threats to demand 
and pricing. Geopolitical tensions, with crises in the 
Red Sea and around Taiwan, amplified risks in key 
shipping routes. Extreme weather events, like 
hurricanes, floods, fire, drought and freezing events 
increasingly impacted supply continuity. Rising 
cyber threats and labour shortages exacerbated 
vulnerabilities, alongside infrastructure limitations 
as seen in the fallout from the Baltimore bridge 
collapse. Capacity constraints persist, across all 
transport modes (maritime, air and land transport). 
In 2024 we have observed more frequent 
interruptions across labour, geopolitical, cyber, 
and climate domains, reinforcing the need for 
strategic supply chain flexibility and resilience 
amid unpredictable global conditions.
Additionally, in South Africa there are deep-rooted 
challenges within the state-owned ports and rail 
company related to a shortage of freight trains, 
rail infrastructure and inefficient port operations. 
It is estimated that the negative impact of rail and 
port’s poor performance equates to 5% – 6% of the 
country’s GDP, thereby diminishing South Africa’s 
competitiveness in the global supply chain. Sappi 
Southern Africa exports the majority of the DWP 
produced in the region and relies heavily on the 
Durban port. The region has also traditionally moved 
a large proportion of both raw material and finished 
product by rail.
To mitigate the risks from supply chain disruptions, we have taken 
a proactive approach across all of our regions, strengthening 
partnerships with suppliers and logistics providers and revisiting 
our best practices and contractual guidelines to enhance agility and 
resilience. Recognising the need for flexibility, we have also prioritised 
innovation in product formulation, exploring recipe modifications 
to manage raw material shortages while adapting to new, qualified 
chemicals and additives that enable us to diversify our supplier 
network effectively. By establishing relationships with multiple vendors 
and prioritising domestic suppliers where feasible, we are positioning 
ourselves to better navigate the macroeconomic volatility, geopolitical 
tensions, and extreme weather patterns shaping the global landscape. 
This flexible strategy allows us to make swift adjustments to our supply 
chain as conditions change, ensuring our operational continuity and 
supply stability amid uncertainty.
In South Africa we have adjusted to the rail and port challenges 
by increasing road transport routes, working with our logistics 
partners to contain costs and developed an alternate shipping route 
from the port of Maputo in Mozambique, rather than the port of Durban. 
In addition, Sappi is an active participant in the National Logistics 
Crisis Committee (NLCC) reporting directly to President Ramaphosa, 
which is focused on immediate operational improvements in the 
national logistics system as well as longer-term reforms to improve 
efficiency and competitiveness.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
41
RESPONDING TO  
OUR CONTEXT
 

Evolving sustainability 
expectations
Context
Our response
Global sustainability expectations are evolving rapidly, 
driven by growing awareness of the environmental 
impact of fossil-based products and an urgent desire 
for greener alternatives. Consumers, businesses, 
and regulators increasingly recognise the role 
of traditional materials in contributing to climate 
change, pollution and resource depletion, leading 
to stronger demand for sustainable products. 
This shift is particularly pronounced in sectors 
where fossil-based products are prevalent, such 
as packaging and textiles. Many are now seeking 
biobased, renewable and recyclable options that offer 
reduced carbon footprints and minimal environmental 
harm, pushing companies to innovate and transition 
toward materials that support a circular economy 
and long-term environmental health.
Aligned with our Thrive strategy, Sappi is ideally positioned 
to respond to these evolving expectations as we focus on creating 
responsibly sourced, eco-friendly alternatives to fossil-based materials 
such as sustainable packaging solutions and dissolving wood pulp for 
wood-based textile fibres. The sustainability benefits of wood-based 
textile fibres, being renewable, biodegradable, and offering a lower 
environmental impact than synthetic alternatives, have been a key 
driver for Sappi’s ongoing strategic focus on dissolving wood pulp. 
By prioritising dissolving wood pulp, we are not only meeting the 
growing demand for sustainable, wood-based textile fibres but also 
advancing our commitment to reducing reliance on fossil fuels 
and promoting a circular economy in the textile industry. Similarly, 
the global shift away from plastic packaging driven by both consumer 
demand and new environmental regulations presents substantial 
growth opportunities for us. In line with this vision, we are investing 
US$418 million in our Somerset Mill to convert PM2 from producing 
coated woodfree graphic papers to solid bleached sulphate, (SBS) 
paperboard a versatile material that supports environmentally 
sustainable packaging. We are also broadening our portfolio 
of compostable and recyclable packaging options, including innovative 
products like bagasse-based, compostable, thermomoulded food-
grade bowls and plates and paper-based label paper solutions for all 
consumer goods applications. These initiatives reflect our commitment 
to leading the way in sustainable packaging, providing viable, plastic-
free options that benefit consumers and the environment alike.
Nature-positive  
developments
Context
Our response
The ‘nature-positive’ movement is transforming 
how we interact with and value the natural world, 
emphasising the restoration and sustainable 
management of ecosystems rather than mere 
conservation. This global shift recognises that 
reversing biodiversity loss and addressing 
ecosystem degradation are essential not only 
for environmental health but also for economic 
resilience and human wellbeing. By integrating 
nature-positive principles into decision making, 
businesses, governments, and communities are 
rethinking how they assess impacts, risks and 
opportunities, viewing biodiversity as a core asset. 
This approach is reshaping industries, promoting 
regenerative practices, and driving policies that 
prioritise ecological balance, ultimately aiming 
for a future where human progress and nature 
thrive together.
Given our high dependency on sustainable woodfibre for our raw 
material, Sappi is actively integrating nature-positive actions into our 
sustainability strategy to protect and enhance the natural ecosystems 
upon which we rely. Through our membership in the WBCSD Forest 
Solutions Group, we are collaborating with industry peers to define 
nature-positive actions specifically for our sector and to identify 
meaningful metrics that can be used to set appropriate targets and 
track progress. In line with our commitment to transparency and 
stakeholder trust, Sappi is aligning with the TNFD disclosure framework 
to better understand and communicate our nature-related impacts, 
risks and opportunities. Additionally, aligned with the goals of the Global 
Biodiversity Framework (GBF), we have designated 30% of our forestry 
landholdings for conservation and have set biodiversity improvement 
targets within these areas to help drive positive outcomes for nature.
Our operating context continued
42
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Transitional climate  
developments
Context
Our response
Transitional climate impacts – such as the shift 
toward a low-carbon economy – are driving 
significant regulatory changes in our operating 
regions which represent risk to our licence 
to operate. In Europe, ambitious emissions 
reduction targets under the European Green Deal 
are prompting stricter climate policies, including 
carbon pricing and renewable energy mandates. 
North America, particularly the United States and 
Canada, is advancing climate regulations focused 
on clean energy incentives, emissions reporting, 
and supply chain transparency as part of broader 
sustainability goals. South Africa, meanwhile, 
is implementing carbon taxes and developing 
climate adaptation policies to align with global 
standards and address its unique vulnerabilities 
to climate change. These regulatory shifts aim 
to curb emissions, increase resilience and 
accelerate a just transition to more sustainable 
economies across these regions.
Sappi mitigates transitional risk by actively monitoring regulatory 
developments and engaging with policymakers to help shape climate-
related policies that recognise the critical role of forests and forest 
products in addressing climate change. Our advocacy emphasises 
the unique benefits of sustainable forestry and renewable products 
in supporting a low-carbon future. To reinforce our commitment, 
we have set science-based 2030 decarbonisation targets and 
established a comprehensive climate transition plan, backed 
by dedicated decarbonisation capital, to meet our climate action 
goals. This proactive approach not only secures our licence to operate 
but also strengthens our competitive edge as a leading provider 
of renewable, low-carbon solutions for a circular bio-economy. Through 
these actions, Sappi continues to create long-term value aligned with 
global climate action priorities.
The rise of  
artificial intelligence
Context
Our response
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) 
are fundamentally transforming the way companies 
operate, enabling them to analyse vast amounts 
of data from diverse sources to streamline processes 
and improve decision making. AI technologies are 
now seamlessly integrated into daily consumer 
experiences and are extensively used within 
organisations to automate repetitive tasks, interpret 
large datasets, and identify patterns and trends 
to enhance production, planning and auditing 
functions. However, the increased use of public 
AI tools, such as ChatGPT by Microsoft and OpenAI, 
and Bard by Google, introduces risks, especially 
around data security and confidentiality. When 
sensitive information is input into public AI systems, 
there is a risk that proprietary or confidential data 
could unintentionally enter the public domain, 
potentially compromising intellectual property 
or customer privacy. Additionally, the integration 
of AI in business operations increases the potential 
for cyber security vulnerabilities, as AI systems 
themselves can be targeted by cyber threats. This 
dual risk of data exposure and heightened cyber 
security concerns necessitates rigorous data 
governance and secure AI practices to protect 
corporate information and maintain customer trust 
in an increasingly AI-driven business environment.
We have adopted AI as part of our digital strategy and are using it within 
existing enterprise resource planning (ERP), security and infrastructure 
systems as well as machine learning across business functions.
Some of our staff have tested these GenAI tools and have asked 
to be allowed to explore how using GenAI could benefit their work. 
Our preference is to enable and allow the use of GenAI rather than 
to ban it as some other companies have done. Accordingly, we have 
published guidelines for the use of GenAI within Sappi to protect our 
confidential information. We are also working on a comprehensive 
enterprise GenAI strategy which will ensure that both risk and 
opportunities are appropriately addressed as GenAI capabilities 
are deployed. 
2024
Annual Integrated Report
43
RESPONDING TO  
OUR CONTEXT
 

Our risk management philosophy
We have an established culture of managing key risks to our business. 
We believe effective risk management will safeguard the continuity of our 
operations and contribute to the achievement of our strategic objectives. 
Therefore, we ensure that our risk management processes are aligned 
and compatible with our strategy.
Over the years, we have implemented several processes, resources and structures 
to ensure our risks are managed adequately and efficiently. Among these, we have 
entrenched safety programmes, internal audit reviews, insurance, information technology 
(IT) security, compliance and governance processes throughout the group, along with 
quality management and a range of line management interventions. We are also following 
the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).
For an analysis of the principal financial risks we are exposed to, refer to note 32 of the group 2024 Annual Financial Statements 
at www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Our 2024 Risk Report provides a detailed discussion of the group’s risk factors, and can be accessed at  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Group board 
of directors
Assumes overall 
responsibility for 
risk governance
Group Audit and Risk 
Committee (ARC)
Mandated to assist the board  
in carrying out its risk 
management responsibilities  
at group level
Line management in each 
region, business unit  
and operation
Responsible for implementing 
operational risk management 
processes
Group  
internal audit
Provides independent 
assurance on the risk 
management process
Risk management
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2024
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44
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Strength of current mitigations
3
4
1
7
6
8
5
2
9
10
 
Risk appetite and tolerance
We have a board-approved framework for risk appetite and tolerance. Risk appetite 
is the total quantum that Sappi wishes to be exposed to on the basis of risk/return 
trade-offs for one or more desired and expected outcomes. 
This is the quantum of risk that the board believes will provide an adequate margin of safety within the group’s risk 
capacity while enabling the achievement of strategic objectives. Risk tolerance is the amount of uncertainty Sappi is 
prepared to accept. This is the maximum level of loss or reduced earnings that can be absorbed without compromising 
key objectives, eg return on investment.
Very low
Very high
Remote
Almost certain
Likelihood of occurrence
Impact
Weak
Satisfactory
Good
Residual risk ranking
1
Safety
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors  
3
Cyber security 
4
Sustainability expectations 
5
Supply chain disruptions
6
Evolving technologies and 
consumer preferences
7
Climate change
8
Uncertain and evolving 
regulatory landscape
9
Employee relations
10
Liquidity
Top 10 
risks
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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RESPONDING TO  
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1
Safety
Mitigating actions
•	 Conduct root cause analyses of all major incidents 
and fatalities
•	 Drive continuous improvement in safety performance
•	 Ensure compliance with behaviour-based safety 
principles
•	 Host regular training sessions
•	 Approach all transgressions of our safety policies 
with discipline
•	 Encourage reporting of near-miss incidents
•	 External safety reviews.
Related material issues
•	 Ensuring the safety of our employees and contractors
•	 Attracting, developing and retaining Sappi talent
•	 Supporting sound labour relations.
(2023: 1)
Root cause
Due to the nature of our manufacturing facilities and 
forestry operations, our employees and contractors 
operate in a hazardous environment at times. 
We continue to prioritise their health and safety 
to ensure the continuity of our business.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capital impacted
2
Cyclical macroeconomic 
factors
Mitigating actions
•	 Monitor the balance between supply and demand
•	 Monitor potential impairment of operating assets
•	 Implement capacity closures as required
•	 Improve efficiencies and reduce costs across 
the business
•	 Enhance customer service, innovation, and efficient 
manufacturing and logistics processes
•	 Drive performance to set our businesses apart 
from competitors
•	 Increase pulp integration.
Related material issues
•	 Maintaining and strengthening our competitive 
position through agility and operational efficiency
•	 Responding to evolving customer needs through 
innovation and collaboration
•	 Providing sustainable solutions for a low-carbon 
circular bio-economy.
(2023: 2)
Root cause
Our business is impacted by cyclical changes 
in global economic conditions, including fluctuations 
in exchange rates, periodic supply and demand 
imbalances, industry capacity and output levels. 
Global economic turmoil can lead to significant 
decreases in sales volumes, as well as pressure on our 
prices in the markets where we operate. We continue 
to operate in a highly competitive environment. 
Consolidation in the pulp and paper industry – leading 
to larger, more focused companies – has become 
more prevalent.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capital impacted
Risk management continued
46
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3
Cyber security
Mitigating actions
•	 Mitigate against cyber attacks and information 
security breaches through our multi-layered 
IT security programme
•	 Adhere to relevant data protection laws in the 
jurisdictions where we operate
•	 Provide relevant cyber security training to all 
our employees
•	 Identify the employees susceptible to social 
engineering and phishing attacks.
Related material issues
•	 Maintaining ethical behaviour and compliance
•	 Attracting, developing and retaining Sappi talent.
(2023: 3)
Root cause
During the normal course of our business, we make 
use of our digital platforms to access and transact 
on confidential customer, employee, financial and 
commercial information, through our transactional and 
production systems. We also store, access and share 
our trade and proprietary information in our databases. 
These could be vulnerable/susceptible to cyber attacks.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
4
Sustainability 
expectations
Mitigating actions
•	 Utilise product certifications
•	 Enhanced health and safety specifications
•	 Promote recyclability
•	 Drive product innovation (including R&D)
•	 Move fast to secure benefit from the high-value niche 
opportunities created by the ‘paper-for-plastics’ 
movement
•	 Build on our strong position and commitment 
to fibre certification
•	 Communicate our social and environmental credentials 
through all media channels
•	 ESG-related covenants.
Related material issues
•	 Procuring responsibly
•	 Providing sustainable solutions for a low-carbon 
circular bio-economy
•	 Responding to evolving customer needs through 
innovation and collaboration
•	 Sourcing sustainable woodfibre
•	 Prioritising clean and renewable energy and 
responding to climate change
•	 Focusing on water stewardship
•	 Focusing on resource efficiency and minimising waste
•	 Safeguarding and restoring biodiversity.
(2023: 4)
Root cause
The requirements from stakeholders are changing 
rapidly, challenging Sappi’s ability to keep up to date, 
exceed or even lead with regard to regulatory, social, 
product and environmental demands. Our operational 
impact and environmental footprint need to support 
and demonstrate our sustainability commitments 
and actions.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
2024
Annual Integrated Report
47
RESPONDING TO  
OUR CONTEXT
 

5
Supply chain 
disruptions
Mitigating actions
•	 Documented business continuity plans
•	 Ability to operate via multiple transportation modes
•	 Operational plans to utilise multiple ports for shipments
•	 Multi-sourcing of raw materials
•	 Ongoing communication with key stakeholders, 
including government
•	 Alternate modes of shipping
•	 Fine-tuning internal processes to enhance 
coordination between departments
•	 Negotiating longer lead times.
Related material issues
•	 Maintaining and strengthening our competitive 
position through agility and operational efficiency
•	 Prioritising clean and renewable energy and 
responding to climate change
•	 Procuring responsibly.
(2023: 7)
Root cause
We depend on a reliable and efficient supply chain 
to procure raw materials from suppliers and deliver 
products to our customers, within a timeframe that meets 
their expectations. A number of factors, many of which 
are beyond our control, could disrupt the operation of our 
supply chain. These factors include inclement weather, 
natural disasters, transportation interruptions or 
inefficiencies, port blockage or traffic congestion, 
labour shortages or disruptions and oil price increases, 
as well as unrest and pandemics. These could impair our 
ability to supply our customers or maintain an appropriate 
logistics chain and levels of production and inventory, all 
of which could adversely affect our reputation, business, 
results of operations and financial condition.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
6
Evolving technologies and 
consumer preferences
Mitigating actions
•	 Improve profitability by implementing restructuring 
and other cost-saving projects
•	 Enhance productivity
•	 Drive growth in our higher-margin packaging and 
speciality papers business
•	 Leverage our position in the market to capture growth 
in the dissolving wood pulp (DWP) market.
Related material issues
•	 Procuring responsibly
•	 Maintaining and strengthening our competitive 
position through agility, and operational efficiency
•	 Sourcing sustainable woodfibre
•	 Prioritising clean and renewable energy and 
responding to climate change
•	 Providing sustainable solutions for a low-carbon 
circular bio-economy
•	 Responding to evolving customer needs through 
innovation and collaboration.
(2023: 6)
Root cause
The advent of new technologies has an unavoidable 
impact on the way we operate. Similarly, changes 
in consumer preferences driven by emerging trends 
in advertising and packaging, electronic data 
transmission and storage, the internet and mobile 
devices, as well as digital alternatives to traditional 
paper applications, could materially affect the 
sustainability of our business.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
Risk management continued
48
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7
Climate change
Mitigating actions
•	 Source pulp and woodfibre from a variety of sources 
and regions
•	 Invest in fire, pests and disease prevention protocols 
in South Africa, as well as site species matching 
to withstand abnormal weather events and reduce 
our water footprint in this region
•	 Sappi Southern Africa has engaged National Treasury 
via Paper Manufacturers’ Association of South Africa 
(PAMSA) to motivate taking into account carbon 
sequestration by companies that own their own forests 
when calculating carbon tax
•	 Group-wide decarbonisation initiatives.
Related material issues
•	 Providing sustainable solutions for a low-carbon 
circular bio-economy
•	 Sourcing sustainable woodfibre
•	 Prioritising clean and renewable energy and 
responding to climate change
•	 Focusing on water stewardship
•	 Focusing on resource efficiency and minimising waste
•	 Safeguarding and restoring biodiversity.
(2023: 5)
Root cause
Climate change will have an unavoidable effect on our 
business in the form of transitional, reputational and 
physical impacts. The latter includes the frequency 
and intensity of forest disturbances such as wildfires 
and extreme storms. This, in turn, could reduce forest 
productivity and change the distribution of tree species. 
The impact of climate change on our supply chain and 
operations, including the availability of water, raw 
materials and the wood supply, may adversely impact 
our business.
Regarding transitional risk, governments around the 
world are focusing on carbon trading and taxes 
as a response to climate change and such taxes could 
impact profitability to an increasing extent in future.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
2024
Annual Integrated Report
49
RESPONDING TO  
OUR CONTEXT
 

8
Uncertain and evolving 
regulatory landscape
Mitigating actions
•	 Remain up to date on changes to applicable legislation
•	 Group-wide legal compliance programmes
•	 Ensure compliance with all relevant laws and legislation
•	 Report regularly on compliance to the Group Audit and 
Risk Committee
•	 Reduce the impact of our operations on the 
environment, as guided by relevant and recognised 
programmes
•	 Invest in initiatives aimed at reducing our air emissions, 
wastewater discharges and waste generation
•	 Monitor potential changes in pollution control laws, 
including GHG emission requirements, and take 
action accordingly
•	 Cooperate across regions to apply best practices 
in sustainability.
Related material issues
•	 Maintaining ethical behaviour and compliance
•	 Procuring responsibly
•	 Prioritising clean and renewable energy and 
responding to climate change
•	 Focus on resource efficiency and minimising waste
•	 Focus on water stewardship
•	 Maintaining and strengthening our competitive 
position through agility and operational efficiency
•	 Safeguarding and restoring biodiversity
•	 Ensuring the safety of our employees and contractors.
(2023: 8)
Root cause
Our business is subject to various regulatory 
requirements across the regions where we operate, 
including requirements relating to environmental 
stewardship, health and safety. Significant changes 
to applicable laws and regulations – along with 
instabilities in political, financial and social spheres – 
could impact our competitiveness and profitability.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
9
Employee relations
Mitigating actions
•	 Interact and engage with union representatives and 
organised labour regularly
•	 Build constructive work relationships.
Related material issues
•	 Ensuring the safety of our employees and contractors
•	 Creating a positive social impact in our communities
•	 Supporting sound labour relations
•	 Attracting, developing and retaining Sappi talent.
(2023: 9)
Root cause
The majority of our employees are represented 
by labour unions and are subject to collective 
bargaining agreements. These agreements are 
negotiated and renewed periodically, and any 
corresponding wage increases or work stoppages 
could impact our business. The risk of workforce 
reductions, closures or restructuring remains a reality 
given the current economic climate.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
Risk management continued
50
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

10
Liquidity
Mitigating actions
•	 Cost-saving initiatives
•	 Re-prioritising various strategic initiatives
•	 Commercial downtime taken to match supply 
to demand
•	 Deferral of non-critical capex projects.
Related material issues
•	 Maintaining and strengthening our competitive 
position through agility and operational efficiency.
(2023: 10)
Root cause
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated 
from operations and available under our credit facilities, 
and other debt arrangements. Our ability to generate 
cash depends mainly on general economic, financial, 
competitive, market and regulatory factors. Our cash 
flow from operations may be adversely impacted 
by a downturn in worldwide economic conditions, 
which could result in a decline in global demand for 
our products.
Thrive strategy  
objectives impacted
3Ps impacted
Capitals impacted
2024
Annual Integrated Report
51
RESPONDING TO  
OUR CONTEXT
 

	 Employees
	 Unions
	 Customers
	 Communities 
and neighbours
	 Industry bodies 
and NGOs
	 Investors
	 Government 
and regulatory 
bodies
	 Suppliers
	 Media
	 Research 
institutes and 
academia
Highlights in FY2024
•	 Sappi was recognised by Time Magazine and Statista as 
one of the World’s Best Companies for 2024 (position 623)
•	 Sappi was recognised by Forbes Magazine and Statista 
as one of the World’s Best Employers (position 483)
•	 Sappi was recognised by Forbes Magazine and Statista as one 
of the World’s Top Companies for Women (position 7)
•	 For the sixth consecutive year all three operating regions 
achieved the highest Platinum rating from EcoVadis
•	 Sappi Europe established in-house capacity to test product 
recyclability to meet customer requests for support in moving 
from plastic to fibre-based packaging solutions
•	 Sappi Rockwell Solutions awarded ‘Design Team of the Year’ 
at UK Packaging Awards 2024 with newly developed StarPaper 
product, a unique high performance, paper lidding using 
proprietary heat seal coating. This is a first to market ovenable 
dual solution paper lidding product
•	 Under the auspices of Business for South Africa (B4SA), Sappi 
is participating in the National Logistics Crisis Committee, one 
of the four interventions business is undertaking in collaboration 
with the government of South Africa to resolve rail and road and 
port challenges
•	 Opening of Sappi Ngodwana Aquaponics and Farmstall, a joint 
initiative with Standard Bank Group Youth to create job 
opportunities and improve food security
•	 Sappi Ngodwana Mill was awarded the 2024 President’s Award 
from the Kruger Lowveld Chamber of Business and Tourism 
in recognition of community development and regional growth
•	 Sappi along with 80 companies and civil society organisations 
and three UN agencies agreed to extend the term of the Business 
Commission to Tackle Inequality (BCTI) to accelerate the 
2030 Agenda in the run-up to COP30 in Brazil
•	 Sappi joined 72 companies across 20 industrial sectors 
to present the ‘Antwerp Declaration for a European Industrial 
Deal’ to the rotating Chair of the EU as well as the President 
of the European Commission.
Our overarching aim is to partner proactively with 
our stakeholders as we unlock the power of trees 
and their limitless potential to accelerate the 
solutions a thriving world requires.
Our key relationships
52
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Our stakeholder engagement is focused on building 
trust and delivering impact on what our stakeholders value 
the most. We proactively collaborate with stakeholders 
to better inform our decision making amid today’s 
dynamic external landscape.
In determining the issues most material to our 
stakeholders, as set out in this report, we have intensified 
our focus on the impact of our activities on people and 
the planet, in addition to enterprise value and in line with 
double materiality.
Our approach comprises informal and formal 
channels of mutual dialogue, ranging from regular 
employee engagement and customer surveys 
to community forums and Greenlight Movement 
community surveys in South Africa. Our stakeholder 
engagement is aligned to the governance framework 
of King IV namely performance and value creation, 
adequate and effective controls and trust, as well 
as reputation, legitimacy and ethics.
A thriving world is not possible without an ethical culture 
underpinning our everyday activities. Accordingly, we train 
our employees, customers and suppliers on our Code 
of Ethics and promote awareness of the Sappi Hotlines 
in each region which allows all stakeholders to report 
breaches of the code in full confidentiality.
We regularly review our activities in terms of the OECD 
Anti-Bribery Convention and the Convention’s 2021 
Anti-Bribery Recommendation, particularly Section VII 
of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 
dealing with Combatting Bribery, Bribe Solicitation and 
Extortion. No issues have been raised in Sappi with regards 
to compliance with the Convention and Guidelines either 
externally or internally. In FY2024, we also assessed the 
countries in which we operate according to the Corruption 
Perception Index 2023 which ranks 180 countries and 
territories by their perceived levels of public sector 
corruption. The index is calculated using 13 different 
data sources from 12 different institutions that capture 
perceptions of corruption within the past two years.
Our stakeholder engagement is also guided by our work 
towards realisation of the United Nations Sustainable 
Development Goals (UN SDGs), in particular our priority 
SDGs. We have a longstanding membership of the 
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) which we 
joined in 2008, and which is now a global movement 
with over 20,000 participating companies and over 
3,800 non-business participants in over 160 countries.
2024
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RESPONDING TO  
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Why we engage
As we position Sappi to be future-fit, our task is to meet the 
changing needs of every Sappi employee within a diverse, inclusive, 
safe workplace where they can develop their full personal and career 
potential. We recognise that our wellbeing and financial prosperity 
are inextricably linked to our employees and the communities in which 
we operate.
Shared priorities
•	 A safe workplace
•	 Fair working conditions and respect for human rights
•	 Recognition
•	 Inclusive culture
•	 Open communications
•	 Opportunities for growth, training and development
•	 Grievance mechanisms.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 Open, regular communications on Sappi’s strategic 
direction enables our people to contribute more 
positively to the business as well as their personal 
and career development
•	 A diverse workforce enhances our ability to service 
global markets and promotes a culture of inclusivity
•	 An increased commitment to safety delivers benefits 
at personal, team and operational levels
•	 By living up to our purpose, we become a more 
attractive employer, particularly to Millennials 
and Gen-Zs
•	 By establishing an ethical culture in which corporate 
citizenship is promoted, we ensure the ongoing 
viability of our business, enhance reputation and 
become an employer of choice.
Challenges for value creation
•	 Recruitment and retention of key skills
•	 Reluctance of younger generations to take 
up employment in the industry
•	 Loss of institutional memory as older 
employees retire.
Employees
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
Our key relationships continued
54
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Why we engage
A workplace where people feel they have been heard and in which 
they can make a meaningful contribution enhances trust, helps 
to drive our safety first culture and enhances overall efficiency, 
productivity and stability. Our constructive relationships with our 
employees and their representatives are based on mutual respect 
and understanding.
Shared priorities
•	 Freedom of association, collective bargaining and 
disciplined behaviour
•	 Safety and wellness initiatives
•	 Remuneration, working hours and other conditions 
of employment
•	 Grievance mechanisms
•	 Engagement on company’s strategy and 
long-term growth.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 Constructive employee/management relations 
enable us to resolve new and difficult labour issues 
as they develop
•	 When employees understand strategic direction 
and operating context, they are more likely to be 
more engaged with Sappi, leading to positive benefits 
all round
•	 Idea generation as collective to enhance productivity 
and safety performance building a sustainable and 
resilient organisation.
Challenges for value creation
•	 Multi-union landscapes add to complexities in the 
labour environment
•	 Lack of employee understanding relative to 
appropriate practices regarding wage and benefits
•	 Lack of real-time visibility or performance against 
KPIs.
Unions
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
PRINCIPLE 3: Businesses 
should uphold the freedom 
of association and the effective 
recognition of the right 
to collective bargaining.
PRINCIPLE 4: The elimination 
of all forms of forced and 
compulsory labour.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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RESPONDING TO  
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Why we engage
The more closely we engage and collaborate with our customers, the 
more likely we are to understand and respond to their evolving needs 
by offering relevant solutions in the form of sustainable and practical 
products and services. This partnership approach builds the loyalty 
and long-term relationships that enable us to thrive.
Shared priorities
•	 Product quality, quality consistency, high runnability 
for maximised productivity, affordability while 
maintaining other necessary qualities
•	 Environmental certification, compliance, sustainable 
wood sourcing and responsible, ethical suppliers
•	 Carbon footprint
•	 Relevant proactive communications and updates 
(eg via supplier newsletters, websites, trade magazines)
•	 Competent service and support, including 
responsiveness, proper consideration of customer 
concerns, access to direct contact person
•	 Flexibility in operations to quickly adapt to and 
anticipate customer needs
•	 Sustainable products that meet changing consumer 
and regulatory demands (including avoidance 
of harmful chemicals, responsible management 
of mills, renewable energy, waste reduction, recycling 
promotion)
•	 Product innovation tailored to customer requirements
•	 Open, two-way dialogue with customers.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 There is upward momentum and significant 
opportunities for value creation in the dissolving wood 
pulp value chain. Suppliers and brand owners are open 
to new solutions to improve traceability, to design for 
circularity and to collaborate more closely together
•	 AI and state-of-the-art technologies continue to play 
an increasingly important role in delivering data-driven 
customer centricity, driving positive sustainable 
outcomes, and enabling Sappi to minimise its 
environmental impact in areas where it matters most.
Challenge for value creation
•	 Fluctuating consumer sentiment and legislative 
changes continue to impact the production 
and market dynamics of packaging and speciality 
papers, as well as structural shifts in demand for 
graphic papers.
Customers
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
Our key relationships continued
56
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Why we engage
Recognising that we are part of the communities beyond our fence 
lines and that their prosperity and wellbeing are linked to our own, 
we strive to make a purpose-driven, meaningful contribution towards 
the wellbeing and development of our neighbouring communities. 
We work to create positive social impact by jointly identifying and 
leveraging opportunities, thereby demonstrating our commitment 
to transparency and collaboration.
Community engagement meetings take various formats in our mills 
in the regions where they are situated. These range from broad liaison 
forums for business, local government and communities to legally 
mandated environmental forums that form part of the licensing 
conditions of mills. In South Africa, there are local farmer and 
community forums related to our forestry communities.
Shared priorities
•	 Addressing fundamental community needs in South 
Africa, eg literacy, numeracy, digital skills for 
individuals’ future competitiveness
•	 Practical solutions that address socioeconomic 
issues whilst being environmentally sustainable
•	 Sound and air emissions management around mills
•	 Job creation, skills and enterprise development 
(especially in South Africa)
•	 Environmental and climate protection, so communities 
can continue enjoying nature
•	 Long-term, holistic, locally driven growth of communities
•	 Fostering diversity, inclusion and women 
empowerment across communities.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 Strengthen collaboration with authorities’ local 
development plans to tackle most pressing 
community needs (including job creation, income 
generation that fosters local economic development 
in South Africa)
•	 Scale up and broaden impact of projects, and continue 
to enhance the tracking and feedback mechanisms
•	 Empower communities and employees to capitalise 
on opportunities that ensure the long-term growth 
and resilience of local communities
•	 61% of South Africans believe partnerships between 
business and government can lead to more trustworthy 
management of technology-led changes, ultimately 
propelling South Africa’s progress and growth
•	 Active participation in industry bodies and communities 
helps strengthen delivery of Forestry Sector Master 
Plan and collaboration with the South African 
government in the Public Private Growth Initiative
•	 SSA’s Enterprise and Supplier Development (ESD) 
programme already demonstrated impact on-the-
ground and can be springboard for stronger strategic 
partnerships with diverse stakeholders who provide 
financial and non-financial support to SMEs.
Challenges for value creation
•	 Economic pressures on business investments
•	 Dynamic geopolitical external risks can be 
destabilising to communities and shift focus away 
from environmental and climate change projects.
Communities and neighbours
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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Why we engage
We partner with industry and business bodies to provide input 
on issues and regulations that affect and are relevant to our 
businesses and industries. We also support and partner with industry 
initiatives aimed at promoting the use of our products and the overall 
sustainability of our industry.
An important element of our strategy for achieving our business 
objectives is to enhance and support collaboration across the 
forest-based sector to enhance responsible forestry and promote 
forest certification. Our aim is to be present in multi-stakeholder 
conversations, support effective advocacy with policymakers and 
government leaders, and support supply chain initiatives. Close 
engagement is maintained through the industry organisations 
Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), American Forest 
and Paper Association (AF&PA), Paper Manufacturers Association 
of South Africa (PAMSA) and Forestry South Africa (FSA).
Shared priorities
•	 Accountability and governance
•	 Decarbonisation and net zero
•	 Tangible progress and funding for biodiversity 
conservation and regeneration
•	 Open dialogue, knowledge sharing and collaboration 
with public and private sector for nature-positive 
outcomes
•	 Legislative and regulatory certainty
•	 Robust forestry management that improves long-term 
resilience of trees amid climate change
•	 Critical cross-industry action on deforestation, 
water management
•	 Data-driven evidence on the benefits and risks 
of shifting from fossil-based materials to alternative 
solutions
•	 Trade-offs in shifting to a circular bio-economy.
Opportunity for value creation
•	 There is ample opportunity for Sappi to continue 
strengthening its voice and demonstrating its 
sustainable leadership, particularly with the change 
in the European Commission and upcoming priorities 
by the South African government. The EU’s Clean 
Industrial Deal aims to support companies 
in transitioning to a climate-neutral economy, 
whilst the new European Competitiveness Fund 
will invest in strategic technologies, including 
clean tech and biotech.
Challenge for value creation
•	 It is important to foster robust platforms for 
nuanced, transparent discussions to encourage 
value-driven collaboration and innovation across 
business and NGO communities towards unified, 
nature-positive goals.
Industry bodies and NGOs
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
Our key relationships continued
58
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Annual Integrated Report
 

Why we engage
Our aim is to provide investors (shareholders and bondholders) 
and analysts with transparent, timely, relevant communication 
that provides them with an understanding of our industry and our 
performance, as well as our plans to achieve our growth ambitions, 
thereby facilitating informed decisions.
Shared priorities
•	 Strategy, vision, financial performance and measures 
to address future market dynamics
•	 Governance, remuneration
•	 ESG disclosure
•	 Financial impact of pertinent risks and opportunities
•	 Anti-corruption and ethical business conduct
•	 Future-oriented measures, investments, innovations 
in response to changing market demands 
and regulations
•	 Measures to strengthen diversity and inclusion.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 Understanding of and commitment to our 
strategic direction
•	 Enhanced reputation
•	 Greater investment confidence
•	 Easier financing.
Challenge for value creation
•	 Uncertainties stemming from legislative and 
regulatory ambiguity.
Investors
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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Why we engage
Dialogue with members of governments and regulatory authorities 
is an opportunity for all stakeholders involved to better understand 
all aspects of the issue at hand. We work to ensure that our position 
on a broad range of priority issues is understood by politicians, 
decision makers, opinion formers and other role-players in the regions 
where we operate. This approach supports a policy and legislative 
environment that helps us achieve our business objectives, as well 
as enhance our reputation and brand. In addition to direct contact, 
we also work through a variety of industry groups and associations 
as described on page 
 64.
Shared priorities
•	 Climate change and sustainability-related regulations
•	 Regulation of operations through licences and permits
•	 Implementation and support of government policies 
on local development, supplier development, 
employee and contract wellbeing.
Opportunity for value creation
•	 Active participation in oversight committees help build 
structures that assist in delivery of sector plans and 
helps focus governance structures to hold parties 
accountable for delivery.
Challenges for value creation
•	 Policies which take neither our high use of biobased 
energy into account nor recognise the important 
carbon sequestration role played by the sustainably 
managed forests and plantations from which we 
source woodfibre
•	 Uncertainty about certain regulatory developments 
like carbon tax (global) and dams (South Africa)
•	 Administrative and licensing delays.
Government and regulatory bodies
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Progress to be made
Our key relationships continued
60
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Why we engage
Our suppliers are a core aspect of our business. We aim to establish 
mutually respectful, value-based relationships with them and 
encourage them to share our approach to investing in and searching 
for innovative ways to leave the planet better than we found it and 
making a purpose-driven and meaningful contribution towards the 
wellbeing and development of employees and our communities.
Shared priorities
•	 Efficient, transparent tender process
•	 Flexible support of small, medium, local enterprises
•	 Local procurement
•	 Secure, long-term contracts
•	 Supplier diversity
•	 Capacity building and resource support.
Opportunity for value creation
•	 To support local economic development initiatives and 
emerging contractor development, SSA continues 
to leverage the ESD programme by focusing on local 
supplier development via direct/indirect contracting. 
To ensure programmes’ success, local procurement 
and recruitment is built into the businesses’ policies 
and incorporated into the procurement contracting 
processes.
Challenge for value creation
•	 For our engagement with enterprises and suppliers, 
it is critical to ensure local SMEs can overcome 
regulatory and operational challenges, so that they 
can continue to grow and scale up.
Suppliers
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
2024
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Why we engage
We maintain an open relationship with the media.
We continue to update the media on our belief that it is our 
responsibility to use the full potential of each tree we harvest. 
We engage with civil society organisations on issues of mutual 
interest and belong to key organisations relevant to our operations. 
We engage with various civil society groups on our societal and 
development impact.
Shared priorities
•	 Understanding of how Sappi’s strategy and key 
initiatives contribute to its target stakeholders 
and communities
•	 Direct engagement with Sappi’s leaders on their vision 
and perspectives on external developments.
Opportunities for value creation
•	 Deepen media relations and educate stakeholders 
on data-driven nuances behind complex topics
•	 More productive collaboration on advancing the 
debate on important topics, activating wide variety 
of policy and industry-focused voices.
Challenge for value creation
•	 Misconceptions on the industry’s sustainability 
progress, occasionally based on isolated cases, can 
detract from the willingness to better understand 
the support that Sappi and other companies need 
to continue investing and innovating towards more 
positive, sustainable outcomes.
Media
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Progress to be made
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Why we engage
Collaborating and engaging with research institutes and academia 
enables Sappi to contribute to broader scientific advancement, the 
industry’s ability to drive future-oriented net positive sustainable 
outcomes, and Sappi’s own innovative process as it continues 
exploring long-term and emerging opportunities.
Shared priorities
•	 Ongoing funding and support for research projects 
and programmes
•	 Enhanced visibility on how scientific, data-driven 
research drives positive business, socioeconomic 
and environmental outcomes
•	 Partnerships and best practices sharing.
Opportunity for value creation
•	 Many topics of interest to Sappi are available for 
programmes; ensure that our industry and relevant 
topics are included in the programmes and focus 
areas of credible research institutions.
Challenge for value creation
•	 Budget constraints to fund programmes to be able to 
direct the work; expert capacity to provide oversight.
Research institutes and academia
Self-assessment of quality of relationships: Satisfactory
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Our key memberships and commitments
Sappi Limited
Name of organisation
Focus
African Business Leaders 
Coalition
In the build-up to COP27 in Egypt, the UNGC launched the African Business Leaders 
Coalition, to advance Africa’s sustainable growth, prosperity and development by 
mobilising a coalition of Africa’s business leaders to engage on the continent’s most 
pressing issues as an organised, innovative, forward-looking principles based and unified 
voice. In May 2024 Sappi joined other African companies in signing the ABLC Gender 
Statement to demonstrate the collective strength of the African private sector and its 
commitment to women’s economic participation.
Business for Nature 
#MakeitMandatory
We signed up to this campaign, which calls on all large businesses and financial 
institutions to assess and disclose their impacts and dependencies on biodiversity.
Business Leadership 
South Africa (BLSA)
BLSA promotes engagement between South Africa’s business leaders and key players 
in South African society, including government, civil society and labour, to exchange ideas 
in our national interest and to create effective dialogue.
Business for South Africa 
(B4SA)
B4SA is an alliance of business leaders working with the South African government and 
other social partners focused on mobilising business resources and capacity to work 
alongside and in support of government to address bottlenecks impacting the country 
socioeconomic development.
EcoVadis
We assess the sustainability performance of our suppliers through proactive ratings and 
evaluations using EcoVadis methodology – under the EcoVadis banner, we have been 
submitting our own sustainability performance to our customers for many years now. 
In FY2024, we held a platinum rating (the highest level) for all three regions.
Ethics Institute of South Africa
As we are headquartered and listed in South Africa, we belong to this institute. 
FSC International
Both SNA and SSA belong to this international, non-governmental organisation dedicated 
to promoting responsible management of the world’s forests.
Paris Pledge for Action
We signed this pledge in 2015 to add our voice to global calls to limit global temperature 
rise to well below 2ºC – and pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5ºC.
PEFC – International 
Stakeholder Member
PEFC is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organisation, which promotes 
sustainably managed forests through independent third-party certification.
Cascale (formerly Sustainable 
Apparel Coalition)
A global, non-profit alliance of 300 leading consumer goods brands, retailers, 
manufacturers, sourcing agents, service providers, trade associations, NGOs and 
academic institutions. Our members represent every link of the global value chain for 
apparel, footwear, and textiles; home furnishings; sporting and outdoor goods; bags and 
luggage. We use their sustainability measurement suit of tools, the Higg Index, to evaluate 
materials, products, facilities, and processes based on environmental performance, social 
labour practices, and product design choices.
Technical Association of the 
Pulp and Paper Industry
An international NGO of about 14,000 member engineers, scientists, managers, 
academics and others involved in the areas of pulp and paper.
The Textile Exchange (TE) and 
TE man-made cellulosic fibre 
roundtable and climate 
sub-committee
The TE launched their Climate+ Strategy in 2019, with a goal to reduce GHG emissions 
in the textile value chain by 45% by 2030, while addressing other climate-related 
impact areas, like water, biodiversity and soil health. Sappi was an advisory partner 
in the development of the TE’s biodiversity benchmarking module and participated 
in the pilot launch of the tool. We also participate in the cellulosic roundtable and 
climate sub-committee.
World Business Council for 
Sustainable Development 
(WBCSD)
The organisation has three imperatives with climate being a primary focus, in addition 
to nature and equity. The Forest Solutions Group (FSG) is a sector-specific working group 
under the WBCSD umbrella. Sappi is an active participant in the FSG, has contributed 
to the development of the net zero and nature positive roadmaps for the forest sector 
and is one of the co-leads for the equity roadmap which is in progress.
Our key relationships continued
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•	Cyclical macroeconomic factors
•	Evolving technologies and 
consumer preferences
•	Supply chain disruptions
•	Sustainability expectations
•	Climate change.
•	Cyber security
•	Uncertain and evolving  
regulatory landscape
•	Employee relations.
Risk
Procuring  
responsibly
Maintaining ethical  
behaviour  
and compliance
Key material 
issue
•	Responsible procurement
•	Enhancing trust.
•	Workplace culture
•	Licence to operate
•	Enhancing trust.
Stakeholder 
issue
•	Safety
•	Employee 
relations
•	Uncertain and 
evolving 
regulatory 
landscape
•	Sustainability 
expectations.
•	Employee 
relations
•	Sustainability 
expectations.
•	Employee 
relations
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Cyclical 
macroeconomic 
factors
•	Liquidity.
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Cyclical 
macroeconomic 
factors
•	Climate change.
Risk
Health, safety 
and wellbeing 
of our 
employees and 
contractors
Sappi  
talent
Labour  
relations
Social  
impact
Key material 
issue
•	Safety 
as a core value
•	Human rights and 
modern slavery.
•	Training and 
development 
•	Remuneration
•	Diversity and 
inclusion 
•	Connection to, 
and understanding 
of our business 
and strategic 
direction.
•	Fair, equitable and 
safe workplace
•	Remuneration.
•	Social 
responsibility and 
social inequity
•	Community 
upliftment
•	Job creation
•	Just climate 
transition.
Stakeholder 
issue
Global forces
•	 Move towards a circular 
economy
•	 Climate change and 
climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and 
growing concern for 
natural capital
•	 Rising social inequality and 
growing social activism with 
increased expectations 
of business
•	 Persistent supply chain 
challenges
•	 Changing consumer and 
employee behaviour
•	 Deglobalisation, polarisation 
and increased geopolitical 
tensions
•	 Rapid pace of technological 
innovation and threats 
including cyber risks
•	 Growing populations with 
increasing rates 
of urbanisation.
The links  
between our  
stakeholder issues, 
key material issues, 
risks and global  
forces shaping  
our world
Integrating our key material issues
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Risk
•	Liquidity
•	Cyber risk
•	Cyclical macroeconomic factors
•	Supply chain disruptions
•	Evolving technologies and consumer preferences.
•	Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
•	Sustainability expectations
•	Climate change
•	Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape.
Key material 
issue
Competitive position:
Operational efficiency  
and innovation
Sustainable solutions  
for a circular bio-economy 
Stakeholder 
issue
•	Return on investment
•	Responsible production and consumption
•	Moving away from a linear, to a circular, model of production.
•	Keep abreast of market developments
•	Products based on renewable resources
•	Moving away from a linear, to a circular, model of production.
Risk
•	Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Climate change
•	Supply chain 
disruptions.
•	Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Climate change
•	Supply chain 
disruptions
•	Uncertain and 
evolving regulatory 
landscape
•	Liquidity.
•	Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Climate change.
•	Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Uncertain and 
evolving regulatory 
landscape
•	Climate change
•	Supply chain 
disruptions.
•	Evolving technologies 
and consumer 
preferences
•	Sustainability 
expectations
•	Uncertain and evolving 
regulatory landscape
•	Climate change.
Key material 
issue
Sustainable 
forestry 
Climate  
change
Water  
stewardship
Resource 
efficiency 
and minimising 
waste 
Biodiversity
Stakeholder 
issue
•	Deforestation
•	Land-use change
•	Biodiversity loss.
•	Reduction of fossil 
fuel usage
•	Global warming
•	Just climate 
transition.
•	Water security within 
the landscape
•	Water quality.
•	Resource scarcity
•	Impact of waste 
on the natural 
environment.
•	Biodiversity loss
•	Nature-positive 
actions.
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Our key material issues are those that we believe underpin our strategic 
risks and opportunities and have the highest potential impact – negative 
and positive – on stakeholder value.
The following pages set out a summary of why we believe these issues are material 
to Sappi, both in financial and impact terms, as well as their links to other aspects 
of our business, FY2024 highlights and the developments that present opportunities 
for value creation.
Our double materiality approach  
Inside-out 
perspective
Outside-in 
perspective
Company
Planet and 
society
Financial materiality:  
How sustainability  
topics impact Sappi’s 
financial health
Impact materiality:  
How our operations and  
upstream/downstream  
business relationships  
affect nature, climate  
and communities  
around Sappi
A comprehensive background to each material issue, together with 
key developments in FY2024 can be found in our 2024 Sappi Group 
Sustainability Report www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
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Principles
Ethical behaviour and compliance
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Our strong ethical culture underpins our reputation, built up over 
many years. However, just one breach of ethics could destroy 
our reputation, jeopardise our licence to operate and negatively 
erode stakeholder value. Accordingly, we place a high premium 
on adherence to ethical behaviour as encapsulated in our 
Code of Ethics.
As an organisation with a large manufacturing 
and forestry footprint, our potential impact on the 
environment and communities surrounding our 
operations is material. Sappi’s objective is to be 
a ‘trusted partner to all our stakeholders’. We cannot 
achieve this unless we all ‘live’ our values of integrity 
and courage and act when these values are threatened. 
In doing so, we protect the viability of our business and 
the interest of all our stakeholders.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Rapid pace of technological innovation and threats, 
including cyber threats
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Growing populations with increasing rates 
of urbanisation
•	 Sanctions and modern slavery.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
5
Supply chain disruption
6
Evolving technologies and 
consumer preferences
8
Uncertain and evolving 
regulatory landscape
Our highlights
•	 Comprehensive ethics training
•	 Ethics issues incorporated into Employee 
Engagement Survey.
Opportunities for value creation
We constantly strive to enhance all our policies, including 
those relevant to our ethical standards. In 2024, we 
launched awareness campaigns for our updated 
group whistle-blowing policy that was carefully reviewed 
to align with the latest global standards and best practices. 
The campaign included communication for a separate 
SEU whistle-blower policy that was adopted in line with 
the requirements of the EU whistle-blower directive. 
In addition, we created awareness for a new group 
anti-retaliation policy that complements and enhances 
our ethical standards.
To commemorate Global Ethics Day in 2024, all 
employees and board members were invited to sign 
a pledge to reinforce their loyalty to Sappi’s Code 
of Ethics. During this period, our activities emphasised 
the value of integrity and making smart decisions. 
By watching the video ‘Moment of truth’, for example, 
employees learned how to make the right ethical 
decisions in a dilemma.
Employees signing the 
Sappi Code of Ethics pledge.
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Principles continued
Responsible procurement
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
With over 20,000 suppliers, maintaining a well-organised 
supply chain is integral to our business and key to meeting our 
strategic pillars which include growing our business, sustaining 
our financial health and driving operational excellence. It also 
underpins our licence to operate.
In today’s environmentally and socially conscious world, 
ethical supply chains are a key concern. We are enhancing 
trust – the fourth pillar of our strategy – and working 
towards our vision of a thriving world by avoiding negative 
sourcing impacts, giving our customers and consumers 
transparent insight into our supply chain and collaborating 
with our suppliers to promote responsible business.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Persistent supply chain challenges
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for 
natural capital
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social activism 
with increased expectations for business
•	 Move towards the circular economy.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
5
Supply chain disruption
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
Our highlights
•	 84% of our global eligible1 spend with declared 
compliance to our Supplier Code of Conduct
•	 59% of our global eligible2 spend is with suppliers that 
disclose and have a corporate social responsibility 
(CSR) performance rating with EcoVadis
•	 25% of our global eligible2 spend is with suppliers 
that commit to science-based emissions 
reduction targets.
Opportunities for value creation
Scope 3 emissions, the indirect emissions across 
a company’s value chain, pose a global challenge due 
to the accounting complexity and the need for accurate 
exchange of product level primary emissions data 
between a wide array of stakeholders. At Sappi, engaging 
with Tier 1 raw material suppliers on greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions is a critical step towards not only quantifying 
these emissions but also gaining a deeper understanding 
of the overall carbon footprint of our products. This 
collaboration goes beyond accounting; it has provided 
an opportunity for us to exchange with our suppliers 
about climate action and decarbonisation progress. 
It supports our ability to identify where hard-to-abate 
emissions lie and uncover opportunities for value chain 
abatement. By working together with our suppliers, 
we learn about their product and process innovations that 
can support the CO2 reduction of our products and sector 
more broadly. Working across our value chain ensures 
that we address immediate and long-term sustainability 
challenges, identify opportunities, and create a resilient 
and sustainable value chain.
1	 Eligible spend excludes internal spend categories, taxes, rebates and in North America purchases from private wood landowners and payments to union 
pension funds.
2	 Eligible spend excludes internal spend categories, taxes, rebates and in North America purchases from private wood landowners and payments to union 
pension funds, as well as spend with government organisations and Enterprise and Supplier Development (ESD) suppliers in South Africa.
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Prosperity
Competitive position
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Amid ongoing uncertainties and challenges in the macroeconomic 
and market environment for the paper and pulp industry, 
technological investments, R&D and innovation, agility 
and operational efficiency are key enablers to Sappi’s 
competitiveness and ability to drive positive sustainable 
outcomes for customers and downstream sectors.
Operational efficiency minimises waste and optimises resource 
use, leading to improved productivity and lower costs – critical 
for sustaining our competitive cost position. Meanwhile, 
continuous innovation enables Sappi to respond to changing 
consumer preferences, develop new products, enter emerging 
markets and create additional revenue streams. Together, 
operational efficiency and innovation strengthen Sappi’s ability 
to adapt to market dynamics, ensuring sustainable growth and 
profitability in both the short and long term.
Improving operational efficiencies and driving innovation 
in circular products delivers environmental, social and 
economic benefits. Reducing energy consumption, 
increasing renewable energy use, and minimising waste, 
not only lower carbon footprints but also support 
ecosystem health and resource conservation. Circular 
innovations, such as biobased products, extend product 
lifecycles, enhance recyclability and reduce reliance 
on fossil fuels. These efforts align with consumer demand 
for sustainable solutions, foster industry collaboration, 
and promote a resilient, low-carbon economy while 
creating shared value for society and the environment.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Rapid pace of technological innovation and threat, 
including cyber security
•	 Persistent supply chain challenges
•	 Move towards a circular economy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for 
natural capital.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
5
Supply chain disruption
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
7
Climate change
10 Liquidity
Our highlights
•	 US$104 million from our strategic procurement 
savings project vs a target of US$58 million
•	 R&D spend for FY2024 of US$42 million
•	 Released seven new products with sustainability 
benefits, including new packaging and speciality 
papers as well as biomaterial products.
Opportunities for value creation
Using AI to help demystify Packaging and Packaging 
Waste Regulation (PPWR)
Sappi Europe’s customer experience team developed 
a chatbot to assist users in navigating the complexities 
of the EU’s PPWR. The tool is built on advanced GenAI 
technology with input from Sappi experts. It significantly 
reduces the time users spend searching for information 
in lengthy documents. Over the coming months, the 
chatbot will undergo further enhancements to ensure 
it becomes accessible to external users and can be 
expanded to include additional legislation, such as 
the European Deforestation Regulation (EUDR).
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Prosperity continued
Sustainable solutions for 
a circular bio-economy
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Aligned with our Thrive strategy, we design product solutions 
based on circular principles that reduce environmental impact 
while meeting evolving consumer preferences and regulatory 
requirements for eco-friendly alternatives. As sustainability 
becomes a greater priority across our value chains, the demand 
for renewable, recyclable and biodegradable products continues 
to grow. This shift generates sustainable revenue opportunities 
while mitigating risks linked to regulatory compliance and 
resource scarcity. Moreover, circular bio-economy solutions 
strengthen brand value and customer loyalty, positioning Sappi 
for long-term growth and driving operational efficiencies 
through circular practices.
By offering sustainable circular solutions that harness 
the value of renewable woodfibre, we support society’s 
broader shift toward realising key circular economy 
principles. Our products enable value chains to reduce 
reliance on fossil-based materials, lower carbon 
footprints and improve recyclability or biodegradability. 
Through integration into circular systems, we help 
minimise waste, promote a healthier planet, and 
regenerate natural systems in a financially sustainable 
way, while also meeting the needs of environmentally 
conscious consumers.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Move towards a circular economy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resources scarcity and growing concern for 
natural capital
•	 Shifting demographics.
Our top 10 risks
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
4
Sustainability expectations
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
7
Climate change
10 Liquidity
Background
By harnessing renewable woodfibre and integrating sustainable practices throughout our operations, Sappi is dedicated 
to advancing the circular bio-economy. We emphasise the holistic use of the entire tree, ensuring that every component 
is maximised, including residues and byproducts, which are transformed into innovative value-added products. Our diverse 
offerings – including paper and packaging solutions, Verve dissolving wood pulp, and biomaterials – reflect our commitment 
to sustainability. By collaborating with value chain partners and embedding circular principles into our processes, we play a crucial 
role in propelling the transition toward a more sustainable and regenerative economy, ultimately fostering a healthier planet for 
future generations.
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Our highlights
•	 Significantly reduced the carbon footprint of our 
Galerie graphic papers
•	 Leveraged collaborative partnerships to create 
enabling tools to drive circularity in packaging 
and speciality papers
•	 Progressed our value chain partnerships with 
three South African retailers, Mr Price, The Foschini 
Group (TFG), and Woolworths, to develop use 
of deforestation-free fabrics made from Verve 
and recycled cotton
•	 Verified our Higg FEM score for Verve from 
Cloquet Mill
•	 Commercial sales of Viscowell, Pelletin and 
Permagro, our functionalised lignosulphonate-based 
products used in oil-well drilling, animal feeds 
and agriculture
•	 Launch of Valida T, transparent fibrillated cellulose 
for personal care products
•	 Successful piloting of the Sappi furfural 
manufacturing process and advanced plans and 
engineering for a commercial furfural plant 
at Saiccor Mill
•	 SNA announced collaboration with Biophilica, the 
company behind Treekind® in March 2024. Treekind 
is one of the only plastic-free leather alternatives 
that is 100% biobased, home compostable, non-toxic 
and PETA vegan certified. For more information see 
www.sappi.com/unique-plastic-free-vegan-leather-
an-ultracast-release-case-study 
Opportunities for value creation
The world is awakening to the power of sustainable 
materials and technologies. As awareness of our 
environmental impact grows, so does the demand for 
eco-friendly textiles, hygiene products and biodegradable 
materials. Government regulations are stepping up to 
promote sustainability; for instance, by creating fertile 
ground for the rise of sustainable wood-based fibres 
in the textile and non-woven sectors. The opportunity 
here lies in participating in a fashion value chain that 
minimises reliance on fossil fuels, tackles microplastic 
pollution, and embraces materials that naturally 
biodegrade, reducing our environmental footprint. 
Wood-based fabrics offer all this and more. They are 
soft, breathable and durable, making them an excellent 
alternative to cotton. Plus, they provide a higher yarn yield 
per hectare of land compared to cotton, making them 
a smart choice for the future. Our forestry supply chains 
are deforestation-free and in South Africa our forestry 
operations have a profound social impact on the rural 
communities where we operate. This makes Verve 
the fibre of choice for customers and brand partners 
committed to sustainable fashion. Together, we can 
weave a future that is not only stylish but also kind to our 
planet. This ambition and our ability to collaborate and 
deliver beautiful, sustainable solutions for a circular 
economy applies to innumerable sectors.
TIME Magazine ranks Sappi  
as one of the World’s Best  
Companies (2024)
Our commitment to our Thrive strategy and delivering value to our stakeholders drives us forward. It is 
thus heartening when our efforts are recognised externally. Sappi inclusion in the World’s Best Companies 
(2024) is based on information including employee-satisfaction surveys, revenue growth and 
environmental, social and corporate governance data.
Read the story www.time.com/collection/worlds-best-companies-2024/ 
CASE
study
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People
Health, safety and wellbeing 
of our employees and contractors
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Entrenching a strong safety culture is the moral responsibility 
of every employer. It also just makes good financial sense. 
If a worker is injured on the job, it costs the company in terms 
of lost working hours, increased insurance costs, worker 
compensation premiums and legal costs.
Productivity and morale suffer when workplaces are 
unsafe. When a workplace is safe, employees feel more 
engaged and connected with the company. We strive 
to ensure that all our people have a 24/7 safety mindset, 
inculcating this through various initiatives and leading 
by example.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDG
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social activism 
with increased expectations of business
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Growing populations with increasing rates 
of urbanisation.
Our top 10 risks
1
Safety
9
Employee relations
Our highlights
•	 Continuous improvement in the LTIFR across all regions
•	 Safety recognition awards launched in SNA and SEU
•	 The annual safety and environmental awards in SSA have grown 
to become an inspiring platform
•	 Global safety workgroup – alignment and collaboration of regional 
safety manager clusters and platforms across all regions
•	 Regions are aligning towards a globally harmonised safety 
management system.
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sappi group – LTIFR and LTISR combined
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2024
2021
90.70
0.48
● LTIFR 
 LTISR
2023
2022
93.41
91.19
49.42
97.78
47.96
19.68
9.53
11.85
31.01
0.46
0.44
0.43
0.54
0.35
0.38
0.31
0.25
0.20
Note: We calculate LTIFR by dividing the product of lost-time injuries and a group-wide standard for 
work hours by the unit’s work hours, ie LTIFR = LTI* 200,000/units actual work hours. LTISR is the 
lost-time injury severity rating and in a similar manner to the frequency rate, is calculated by dividing 
the product of the number of days lost to the injury and the group-wide standard hours by the unit’s 
man hours, ie LTISR = Number of days lost* 200,000/actual man hours.
Opportunities for value 
creation
Following the tragic fatality in our 
forestry operations we have engaged 
Wiremu Lee Edmonds to assist Sappi 
Southern Africa and our contractors 
in further embedding a safety culture 
in our operations. Along with his 
wife Marcella, he led a session for 
leadership teams entitled ‘Standing 
in the Gap’. This initiative emerged 
from the profound loss of their 
23-year-old son, Robert, a fifth-
generation forester, who tragically 
died in a logging incident.
The session focused on instilling 
values, principles and behaviours 
among supervisors and leadership 
to combat the tendency for people 
to take shortcuts and engage 
in risky practices. Wiremu and 
Marcella also presented at the 
SSA Safety Awards in 2024 and 
facilitated a series of small group 
sessions with operational leaders, 
contract owners, managers and 
supervisors involved in high-risk 
operations such as chainsaw 
felling and yarding. This effort 
complements our ‘Stop and Think 
Before You Act’ programme, which 
was developed to address the 
10 reasons why people take risks.
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Sappi talent
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Companies that are diverse, equitable and inclusive can better 
respond to challenges, win top talent, and meet the needs 
of different customer bases. Accordingly, we strive to create 
a diverse, inclusive working environment that establishes a sense 
of belonging and a shared sense of purpose among employees.
In addition, we encourage and support our people to upgrade 
their job-related skills and knowledge to improve their job 
performance and abilities for future career growth. Our approach 
is an expression of our strategic pillar of ‘enhancing trust’ and 
leads to greater levels of retention, connection and productivity 
that translates directly into improved performance and stronger 
business results.
Developing potential in a diverse, inclusive working 
environment is important for business performance 
and individual wellbeing. A workplace that encourages 
people to reach their full potential is more productive 
and ensures that employees remain engaged and 
fulfilled in the long term.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDG
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Deglobalisation, polarisation and increased 
geopolitical tensions
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social 
activism with increased expectations of business
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Growing populations with increasing rates 
of urbanisation.
Our additional SSA priority SDG
Our top 10 risk
9
Employee relations
Our highlights
•	 Good progress on the HR ‘Beyond’ strategy
•	 All global leadership programmes revised 
and implemented
•	 Good execution on our succession and 
retirement planning
•	 Comprehensive talent reviews implemented 
in all business units
•	 Overall good shareholder support for our 
2023 Remuneration Report
•	 Inclusion of sustainability as a long-term measure 
in our remuneration incentives
•	 Achieved the proportion of women in management 
roles target for FY2024.
Opportunities for value creation
After analysing our 2023 results, all Sappi leadership 
programmes were refreshed in 2024 to focus more 
on improving management’s ability to build productive 
relationships in teams. We are now encouraging leaders 
at all levels to: 
•	 Be proactive
•	 Challenge the status quo
•	 Encourage innovation
•	 Collaborate
•	 Be active in society
•	 Accelerate sustainability actions
•	 Unlock value for staff and communities.
To enable direct communication with shop floor employees, Sappi partnered with Staffbase, 
an application that specialises in communication with non-email workers. The app, branded 
SappiConnect, was launched to 5,012 employees in 11 locations so far. Of this group, 
2,527 employees have registered as users and more than 1,100 are actively using the app 
every week. In 2025, we aspire to reach 80% participation.
2024
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People continued
Sappi talent continued
Forbes ranks Sappi 
as a top company for 
women in 2024 
Sappi works to uplift women in both our workplaces and communities. Our remarkable 
progress was recognised in 2024 when Forbes recognised Sappi as a top global 
company for women. In seventh place, Sappi is now firmly among the likes of the most 
progressive Fortune 100 companies in the world. Rankings are based on employee 
surveys with a combination of brand, public opinion and leadership scores. 
We are incredibly proud of this recognition which stands as a powerful testament 
to our commitment to foster an inclusive workplace where women can thrive and 
succeed. It validates our efforts to recognise the critical role that women play 
in our industry, retain and attract the best talent, implement our Thrive strategy, 
and continuously enhance our gender, diversity and inclusion performance. 
Read the story www.forbes.com/lists/top-companies-women 
Rank
Name
Industries
Country/territory
Employees
1
Hilton Worldwide Holdings
Hotels
United States
45,000
2
MAIF
Insurance
France
8,000
3
Douglas
Retail and Wholesale
Germany
18,000
4
Virgin Group
Business Services & Supplies
United Kingdom
60,000
5
Netflix
Media & Advertising
United States
13,000
6
Rio Tinto
Construction, Chemicals, Raw Materials
United Kingdom
15,000
7
Sappi
Construction, Chemicals, Raw Materials
South Africa
11,600
8
Microsoft
IT Software & Services
United States
221,000
9
Generali Group
Insurance
Italy
82,000
10
Deloitte
Professional Services
United Kingdom
457,000
CASE
study
Our key material issues continued
This award builds on the recognition by Forbes, which includes Sappi as one of their  
World’s Best Employers for 2024. Refer to our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
 for more detail.
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Labour relations
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Sound labour relations based on trust – one of our strategic 
fundamentals – are important to maintaining the smooth running 
of our operations and reputation, as well as enhancing 
productivity. These factors, in turn, drive financial value.
Effective communication underpins sound labour relations. 
Understanding of Sappi’s strategic direction and purpose 
helps to elevate engagement, while transparent, 
constructive discussions related to issues, opportunities 
and challenges reduce the possibility of conflict and help 
create a positive working environment.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social 
activism with increased expectations of business
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Growing populations with increasing rates 
of urbanisation.
Our top 10 risks
1
Safety
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
9
Employee relations
Our highlight
•	 Good labour relations in all regions.
Opportunities for value creation
The labour market has become very competitive in all regions. 
The healthy relationships we have established with organised 
labour help to ensure retention of critical technical skills.
Social impact
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Our focus on profit with purpose is aligned with our vision 
of a thriving world. It drives us in our creation of economic value 
for Sappi and value for society.
By investing in communities, we promote socioeconomic 
growth and establish mutually beneficial relationships.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Deglobalisation, polarisation and increased 
geopolitical tensions
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social 
activism with increased expectations of business
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Growing populations with increasing rates 
of urbanisation.
Our additional SSA priority SDGs
Our top 10 risks
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
9
Employee relations
Our highlights
•	 Exceeded our ESD spend target in 
SSA sustaining 1,502 jobs
•	 Enterprise and digital skills 
development for all ages in SSA
•	 Support for educational initiatives 
and Ukrainian refugees in SEU
•	 Focus on ‘Employee Ideas that Matter’ 
in SNA.
Opportunities for value creation
Our sustainable procurement actions through our dedicated ESD 
programme look to teach and support suppliers to understand what 
sustainability is, what actions they can take and how we can work 
together to make a difference. One powerful example of this partnership 
is our work with the Ngodwana Nursery, which supplies more than 
17 million seedlings and cuttings to Sappi Forests in South African and 
other customers annually. The nursery was strategically chosen as the 
location for an innovative aquaponics project that is bridging the youth 
unemployment gap and providing food security in the area. The project 
shows what is possible when we work together across the value chain, 
including with suppliers, to create shared value for communities.
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Planet
Sustainable forestry
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Securing a dependable supply of sustainably sourced woodfibre 
is core to our operations and our business strategy. We are 
committed to providing our global customers with products free 
from the risk of deforestation or forest degradation. Furthermore, 
the pulp and paper industry incentivise long-term forest 
management by providing markets for responsibly grown wood.
We manage our forests and plantations sustainably with 
robust certification standards and a focus on traceability. 
Our actions help to mitigate climate change, safeguard 
biodiversity and bolster other ecosystem services that 
support economic, social and environmental wellbeing.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for 
natural capital
•	 Move towards a circular economy
•	 Persistent supply chain challenges.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
5
Supply chain disruption
7
Climate change
Our highlights
•	 High level of self-sufficiency (63% in FY2024) 
in South Africa from our own plantations 
in South Africa
•	 Progressing PEFC-endorsed South African Forestry 
Assurance Scheme (SAFAS) forest certification 
in South Africa
•	 Exceeding our performance against our certified 
fibre target
•	 Excellent progress preparing our systems to comply 
with EUDR.
Opportunities for value creation
Sappi, alongside several other PEFC International 
stakeholder members, has supported PEFC International 
in launching a study to assess the impact of PEFC 
sustainable forest management (SFM) certification 
in Europe. The project aims to produce scientific evidence 
of the impact of PEFC SFM certification compared to 
non-certified forests. The European Forest Institute (EFI) 
has been appointed to undertake the project. The project 
has two stages: a desk study and a field verification.
In 2024, the desk study screened existing impact 
assessment studies, with the findings showing that most 
European studies linked to SFM impact focused on the 
economic impact rather than the ecological or social 
impact. Based on that information, the Sustainability 
Impact Assessment (SIA) methodology was developed, 
selecting relevant indicators that would be applicable and 
representative of European forestry. The field verification 
stage, currently ongoing, will use these indicators 
to assess the impact of PEFC SFM certification. The 
study’s results are expected in 2025.
Our key material issues continued
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Climate change
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
We recognise that climate change is financially material 
to our operations and our value chains. The effects of climate 
change, including extreme weather events and shifting climatic 
conditions, can significantly impact the health and availability 
of the forests that provide our raw materials. This not only 
affects our supply chain but also increases operational costs 
as we adapt to these changes. Additionally, as stakeholders 
increasingly demand sustainable practices, our ability 
to maintain market access and uphold our brand reputation 
relies on our commitment to environmental stewardship.
We are also aware that evolving regulatory frameworks aimed 
at combatting climate change will impose new compliance 
costs and operational requirements. The transition towards 
a low-carbon future necessitates the availability of advanced 
technology, renewable energy sources and significant 
investment. Furthermore, we understand that the financial 
impact of climate change on our business, stemming from both 
physical and transitional risks, must be continually assessed, 
mitigated and adapted to. Therefore, proactively addressing 
climate change is essential to ensure our long-term financial 
stability and resilience, allowing us to continue delivering value 
to our customers, shareholders and communities.
As identified by the United Nations, fossil fuels are the 
largest contributor to global climate change, responsible 
for over 75% of global GHG emissions and 90% of carbon 
dioxide emissions. In response, Sappi is dedicated 
to reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and lowering 
the emission intensity of our products. By actively 
contributing to climate change mitigation, we aim 
to alleviate the negative impacts on ecosystems, water 
resources, biodiversity and human health.
Failure to take decisive action could have profound 
environmental and social repercussions, including the 
degradation of vital ecosystems, loss of biodiversity 
and increased frequency of extreme weather events. 
These changes not only threaten the health of our 
planet but also endanger the livelihoods of communities 
that depend on natural resources. The ramifications 
of inaction could lead to heightened resource scarcity, 
social inequality and increased health risks for vulnerable 
populations, underscoring the urgent need for Sappi 
to play its part in climate action.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for natural capital
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour
•	 Rising social inequality and growing social activism with 
increased expectations of business
•	 Move towards a circular economy.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
7
Climate change
Our highlights
•	 SEU increased its consumption of renewable 
energy by more than 30% compared to last year. 
This significant increase is mainly due to our 
Kirkniemi Mill in Finland eliminating coal as the fuel 
source in their multi-fuel boiler, switching to biomass 
residues such as bark, sawdust and woodchips 
•	 The closure of our Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills 
contributed positively to a reduction in Scope 1 
emissions as these mills relied heavily on fossil 
fuel sources 
•	 SNA continues to operate at a high level 
of renewable energy of 78% in FY2024 
•	 In SSA, Saiccor Mill increased their renewable 
energy consumption by adding purchased biofuel, 
Mkomazi alien fuels (MAF), as fuel sources into their 
biomass bark boiler. 
Opportunities for value creation
In April 2024, Steve Binnie and 80 Chief Executives from 
leading companies and civil society organisations and 
three UN agencies, united in their support of a two-year 
extension of the Business Commission to Tackle 
Inequality (BCTI). Sappi recognises the need to collaborate 
as broadly as possible to deepen corporate accountability 
for inclusive, equitable markets and deliver a just 
transition to a net-zero, nature-positive economy. 
BCTI is designed to accelerate the 2030 agenda in 
the run-up to COP30 in Brazil. With 55 corporate and 
28 non-private sector leaders as members, BCTI will focus 
on transforming organisations and value chains while 
addressing market-level roadblocks.
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Planet continued
Climate change continued
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Global
South Africa
North America
Europe
362.3
545.1
573.2
634.6
719.6
483.9
510.8
413.5
403.5
504.0
Specific GHG emissions (Scope 1 and 2) (kg CO2e/adt)
● 2020 ● 2021 ● 2022 ● 2023 ● 2024
1,638.1
1,716.3
1,799.0
1,854.2
1,750.1
814.7 LA
934.7
829.0
878.0
932.6
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
Global
South Africa
North America
Europe
310.3
449.7
451.5
504.3
508.6
433.4
438.5
333.8
324.1
393.6
Direct emissions (Scope 1) (kg CO2e/adt)
● 2020 ● 2021 ● 2022 ● 2023 ● 2024
1,194.4
1,244.7
1,308.4
1,453.9
1,442.9
635.1
717.6
628.6
693.7
723.7
0
100
200
300
400
500
Global
South Africa
North America
Europe
52.0
95.4
121.7
130.3
211.0
50.6
72.3
79.8
79.5
110.4
Indirect emissions (Scope 2) (kg CO2e/adt)
● 2020 ● 2021 ● 2022 ● 2023 ● 2024
443.7
471.7
490.6
400.3
307.2
179.6
217.1
200.4
184.3
208.9
LA = Limited assurance.
Direct emissions (Scope 1)
A global decrease in Scope 1 direct emissions was 
observed, driven by various region-specific initiatives and 
improvements aimed at reducing fossil fuel consumption 
and enhancing energy efficiency. In SEU, the decrease 
was primarily attributed to Kirkniemi Mill’s transition 
to biomass as a fuel source. This shift not only reduced 
reliance on fossil fuels but also significantly improved 
the facility’s overall emissions performance. The closure 
of Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills further contributed 
to the reduction, as both mills had historically relied 
heavily on fossil fuels, and their closure eliminated the 
associated emissions. In SNA, there was a slight decrease 
due to improved operational efficiencies across several 
mills. At Cloquet, Matane and Westbrook Mills, reductions 
in specific emissions were largely driven by decreased 
market downtime, which allowed for more stable 
operations and enhanced process efficiencies. 
Cloquet Mill, in particular, achieved a reduction in absolute 
Scope 1 emissions due to a shift from natural gas 
to increased biomass usage in the boilers. At Somerset 
Mill, however, Scope 1 emissions increased slightly due 
to higher natural gas consumption during a cold mill 
outage and other process disruptions. Despite this, 
improvements at other facilities helped mitigate the 
overall impact, leading to a net reduction in the region’s 
Scope 1 emissions. In SSA, there was a slight decrease. 
Saiccor Mill consumed less coal and heavy fuel oil (HFO) 
due to better boiler availability and increased use 
of renewable energy sources (black liquor and alternative 
biomass). Stanger Mill experienced a reduction in steam 
demand, which led to lower coal usage, primarily due 
to an extended off-crop bagasse season. Lomati Mill 
consumed less diesel for on-site transportation, 
contributing to overall emissions reductions. Tugela Mill’s 
improved efficiency was evident through a better 
steam-to-coal ratio in high-pressure boilers and reduced 
gas usage in low-pressure boilers, thanks to less 
downtime on the high-pressure boilers.
Indirect emissions (Scope 2)
Globally, there was a decrease in Scope 2 indirect 
emissions, reflecting significant steps taken across regions 
to reduce reliance on purchased power and increased 
renewable and self-generated energy sources. In SEU, 
the decrease was largely driven by Kirkniemi Mill’s switch 
to cleaner, purchased power, which significantly lowered 
Scope 2 emissions. In SNA, improvements in Scope 2 
emissions were achieved through a combination 
of reduced purchased power at Cloquet Mill and the 
increased purchase of renewable energy certificates 
(RECs) at Somerset Mill. In SSA, a decrease was observed 
across several facilities. Ngodwana Mill’s decision 
to discontinue the sale of RECs, allowed the facility 
to use more of its internally produced renewable energy, 
thereby decreasing reliance on purchased power. Tugela 
Mill enhanced its power self-sufficiency, further reducing 
its dependence on purchased electricity. Additionally, 
Saiccor Mill’s higher production levels increased the 
availability of black liquor, a renewable byproduct used 
for internal power generation, which reduced the need 
for externally sourced power.
Our key material issues continued
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Water stewardship
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Water is essential to all life, and it is equally crucial to our business. 
It nourishes trees, aids in pulp and paper production and 
generates steam power in our mills. Recognising that water 
stewardship is not just an operational necessity but integral 
to our long-term strategic objectives, all our mills use and treat 
water according to comprehensive environmental permits, 
essential for growing our business and sustaining our financial 
health. We embed operational excellence in our environmental 
water management plans for our manufacturing business and 
for our plantation forestry and nurseries. We incorporate 
water-related risks, both internal and external, along with 
climate change trends, into our operational and capital 
expenditure plans to ensure sustainable practices, that are 
reviewed and updated annually.
Currently, roughly half of the world’s population 
experiences severe water scarcity for at least some part 
of the year, as climate change continues to disrupt 
natural rain cycles through rising global temperatures. 
Water-related hazards such as droughts and floods 
impact socioeconomic growth, food security and public 
health, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable water 
management. Recognising water as a finite and essential 
resource for our operations, we are committed 
to conserving water and enhancing the efficiency 
of our pulp and papermaking processes. This involves 
extensive recycling within these processes and 
improving the quality of the wastewater we discharge.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for natural capital
•	 Changing consumer and employee behaviour.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
7
Climate change
Our highlights
•	 Total water withdrawal decreased by 3.1% year-on-
year in FY2024 and by 2.3% over five years
•	 Specific process water decreased by 9.7% with all 
regions recording year-on-year improvements
•	 Sappi Verve joined ZDHC in a pre-competitive initiative 
to set best practice air and wastewater emissions 
standards for the dissolving wood pulp industry
•	 Continued to progress our nature-positive efforts 
through our WWF Water Stewardship partnership 
and began discussions with brand owners in the 
fashion sector interested in investing in this initiative.
Opportunities for value creation
Wetlands offset initiative
Sappi’s Comrie Dam, near Bulwer in KwaZulu-Natal, was 
upgraded to boost storage capacity and ensure water 
security for Saiccor Mill during dry seasons. This upgrade 
caused the inundation of upstream wetlands, requiring 
offsite mitigation to ensure there is no net loss of functional 
wetland habitat. To address this, suitable wetland sites 
within Sappi’s landholdings were identified for restoration.
Wetland restoration 
work in progress.
2024
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Planet continued
Water stewardship continued
The completed Comrie Dam expansion resulted in the loss of 29.4 hectare-equivalents of functional wetland. To offset 
this impact, we set a target to restore 29.4 hectare-equivalents of wetland functionality and 117.0 hectare-equivalents 
of ecosystem conservation. Wetlands on the Clan and Shafton plantations were selected to meet these restoration 
goals. Detailed restoration plans have been developed and are being implemented in phases, starting with the 
Lion’s River and Shafton wetlands, to restore ecological and hydrological functions and enhance ecosystem services. 
By slowing down and redistributing the flow of water, this intervention helps to maintain the ecological balance but also 
enhances the overall health of the ecosystem, providing critical habitat for various species and improving water quality. 
The phased restoration approach ensures that we can monitor and adapt our strategies to maximise these benefits.
Wetland restoration 
interventions at Lion’s River 
wetland before and after 
heavy rainfall and snow 
during September 2024. 
The wetland restoration 
intervention is effective 
at slowing down and 
redistributing the flow 
of water.
Our key material issues continued
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Resource efficiency and  
minimising waste
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
By adopting a more resource-efficient, responsible 
consumption and production model, we can keep 
raw materials in production cycles for longer and 
reduce waste. Our strategic focus on minimising 
waste lowers disposal costs and creates 
opportunities for value-added beneficiation 
of waste byproducts. The economic benefits of this 
approach are clear: resource efficiency and waste 
reduction decrease operational costs, extend 
product lifecycles, and strengthen resilience 
against supply chain volatility – all while supporting 
environmental goals.
Minimising waste and promoting the sustainable use of resources 
through smarter production processes and innovative waste 
reduction strategies can drive significant positive impacts 
on both environment and society. By reducing waste, we cut down 
on emissions and lower pressures on ecosystems, actively 
addressing urgent challenges like climate change and biodiversity 
loss. Moreover, when waste is transformed through beneficiation, 
it creates shared value by generating new economic opportunities, 
supporting local communities and fostering inclusive job creation. 
This approach benefits not only the planet but also people, 
empowering sustainable development that serves both 
environmental health and social wellbeing.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Move towards a circular economy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern 
for natural capital.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
7
Climate change
Our highlight
•	 Globally we have 
substantially 
exceeded our 
2025 waste-to-landfill 
reduction target.
Opportunities for value creation
Sappi’s collaboration with Stellenbosch University (SU), the Paper Manufacturers Association 
of South Africa (PAMSA), and Mpact (one of the largest paper recycling companies in South 
Africa) represents a breakthrough opportunity for value creation by converting cellulose 
fibre-rich waste from pulp and paper mill operations into ethanol through a specialised 
fermentation process. This innovative approach transforms paper sludge – a high-moisture 
byproduct collected from paper mill wastewater systems – into bioethanol, a versatile 
substance used in producing industrial chemicals, biobased plastics, and sustainable aviation 
fuel. A demonstration plant has been commissioned at Sappi’s Tugela Mill to provide proof 
of concept and develop the business case. The project, which was showcased to government 
officials, media, and industry partners at Sappi’s Tugela Mill on 24 April 2024, not only advances 
Sappi’s waste beneficiation efforts but also has the potential to add significant value to both 
the company and the broader economy.
This solution is uniquely resource-efficient, as SU research confirms that paper sludge, food, 
and textile waste require no pre-treatment before fermentation. By converting these waste 
streams into bioethanol, this technology has the potential to reduce waste-to-landfill, decrease 
GHG emissions and enhance water reclamation for reuse, further aligning with circular 
economy principles and advancing industrial decarbonisation. The bioethanol produced 
through this process can potentially command premium prices in global markets, reflecting its 
sustainability credentials and economic promise. Beyond revenue generation, the project also 
offers future sustainable employment, regional economic growth, and upskilling opportunities 
for the surrounding communities, cementing Sappi’s role as a leader in sustainable development.
This initiative also highlights the impact of partnerships and pioneering technologies in driving 
economic reconstruction through circular economy practices and modernising manufacturing. 
Globally, waste-derived bioethanol is celebrated for its environmental benefits, including 
attractive GHG reduction credits from avoided landfill emissions and the displacement of fossil 
fuels. With this demonstration plant in operation for a nine-month period at Tugela Mill, Sappi 
underscores the power of innovation to unlock economic, environmental, and social value 
through sustainable production.
2024
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Planet continued
Biodiversity
Financial materiality
Impact materiality
Given our dependence on wood, a naturally occurring 
resource influenced by ecosystem health, it follows that 
maintaining healthy ecosystems will cushion us from 
financial risks. We consider this a strategic risk 
management priority and believe that with the right focus 
and emphasis in our business, it offers us a competitive 
and commercial advantage.
Worldwide, people rely heavily on nature’s ecosystem services. 
From pollination, crucial for crop production; carbon 
sequestration, mitigating climate change; erosion control, 
preventing soil degradation; flood and storm protection; 
disease control; and maintaining soil quality for sustainable 
agriculture, ecosystem services are vital for human health and 
survival, providing essential resources such as freshwater, 
food and fuel. Maintaining and protecting these services is not 
only an environmental priority but a socioeconomic necessity.
How this issue links to other aspects of our business
Our global priority SDGs
Our strategic fundamentals
The global forces shaping our Thrive strategy
•	 Move towards a circular economy
•	 Climate change and climate transition
•	 Resource scarcity and growing concern for 
natural capital.
Our top 10 risks
4
Sustainability expectations
7
Climate change
Our highlights
•	 Exceeded our Thrive biodiversity improvement 
target within our forestry landholdings
•	 Over 200 species recorded across KwaZulu-Natal 
(KZN) and Mpumalanga, including the first discovery 
of the endangered long-toed tree frog in a wetland 
at our Pinewoods plantation in KZN
•	 Integrating the mitigation hierarchy in readiness 
for GRI 101
•	 Expanding the Sappi Rare, Threatened and 
Endangered Species Stewardship Programme.
Opportunities for value creation
The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) introduced the 
Biodiversity Reporting Standard (GRI 101), effective from 
January 2026, to help organisations voluntarily disclose 
their biodiversity-related impacts and management 
approaches. In preparation for the new disclosures, Sappi 
has integrated the mitigation hierarchy into our impact 
assessments, emphasising avoidance, minimisation, 
restoration, and offsetting of environmental impacts, 
weaving these principles into all aspects of our work, 
including introducing transformative measures.
Protection pyramid 
•	 Open areas 
•	 ICAs 
•	 Nature reserves.
Open areas
Important  
conservation areas 
(ICAs)
Nature  
reserves
Conservation value
Our key material issues continued
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Avoidance: Sappi prevents impacts by carefully planning 
infrastructure placement, particularly in high-conservation-
value areas and riparian buffer zones. We use a systematic 
conservation approach, supported by national legislation 
(National Water Act, National Environmental Management 
Act) and certification requirements (FSC and PEFC), 
to protect areas based on their conservation value. 
Sappi designates its land into three conservation categories: 
open areas, important conservation areas (ICAs), and nature 
reserves. Open areas are for general conservation with some 
sustainable use allowed. ICAs hold significant ecological 
value, such as habitats for threatened species or ecosystems 
providing essential services and are more strictly managed. 
Nature reserves are the highest level of conservation, 
formally protected by South Africa’s legal framework, and 
home to highly sensitive or rare ecosystems and species 
critical to biodiversity.
Minimisation: We reduce the duration, intensity and 
extent of unavoidable impacts through detailed impact 
assessments and adaptive practices. These assessments 
evaluate the potential effects of forestry activities, such 
as planting, harvesting, and road construction, on the 
environment, biodiversity, water resources and surrounding 
communities. Early risk identification allows us to adapt 
practices to mitigate negative outcomes and comply with 
environmental regulations and certification standards. 
For example, we plan harvesting activities to minimise 
soil erosion and use mulching to preserve soil health, 
reduce fuel loads, regulate soil temperature and conserve 
moisture conservation.
Restoration: Sappi rehabilitates degraded ecosystems and 
restores cleared areas. Our efforts include increasing weed 
control, improving stream flow, and preventing overgrazing. 
In 2024, we achieved a 13% improvement in biodiversity, 
equivalent to 1,368 Condition-Adjusted hectares.
Offsetting: When on-site mitigation is not possible, 
we compensate for impacts by restoring or conserving 
habitats elsewhere. For instance, the Comrie Dam upgrade 
led to the restoration of 29.4 hectares of wetlands on our 
plantations. See page 
 81 for more information.
Transformative actions: Transformative actions include 
addressing the drivers of biodiversity loss through 
technological, economic, institutional and social factors, 
emphasising the importance of underlying values and 
behavioural changes. Sappi supports sustainable forestry 
practices through the certification of community growers 
under FSC and PEFC standards. See page 
 78 for more 
information. Through Sappi Khulisa over 37,000 hectares 
have been transformed into sustainably managed 
plantations, enhancing biodiversity and responsible land use.
Sappi’s comprehensive approach to biodiversity management 
underscores our commitment to environmental stewardship 
and sustainable growth.
Net positive impact
Net positive impact due to offsets 
and transformative actions
Offset
Transformative 
actions
Net negative impact
Biodiversity 
impact
Residual  
impact
Residual  
impact
Residual  
impact
Net negative 
impact without 
offsets or  
transformative 
actions
Restore
Restore
Minimise
Minimise
Minimise
Avoid
Avoid
Avoid
Avoid
2024
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Sappi is steadfast in its commitment to climate action, driving 
sustainable innovation and reducing environmental impacts 
as we transition toward a low-carbon future.
This report is prepared in alignment with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures 
(TCFD). Its purpose is to provide transparency into our approach to managing climate-related risks and opportunities, 
reflecting our commitment to sustainable growth and long-term resilience.
By adopting the TCFD framework, we aim to enhance stakeholder confidence through clear disclosures on how climate 
considerations are integrated into our governance, strategy, risk management and performance metrics. This report outlines 
our efforts to adapt to a low-carbon economy, mitigate environmental impacts, and seize opportunities arising from the global 
transition to a sustainable future.
Disclosure 
location
Further information  
links
Governance
(a)	Describe the board’s oversight of climate-related risks 
and opportunities. 
pages 
 87 – 88
Corporate governance
pages 
 154 – 174
(b)	Describe managements roles in assessing and 
managing climate-related risks and opportunities.
pages 
 87 – 88
Corporate governance
pages 
 154 – 174
Strategy 
(a)	Describe the climate-related risks and opportunities the 
organisation has identified over the short, medium and 
long term. 
pages 
 96 – 105
Our strategy and performance
pages 
 10 – 19
(b)	Describe the impact of climate-related risks and 
opportunities on the organisation’s business, strategy 
and financial reporting.
pages 
 89 – 105
Our strategy and performance
pages 
 10 – 19
(c)	Describe the resilience of the organisation’s strategy, 
taking into consideration different climate-related 
scenarios including a 2ºC or lower scenario.
pages 
 89 – 98
Our strategy and performance
pages 
 10 – 19
Risk management 
(a)	Describe the organisation’s processes for identifying 
and assessing climate-related risks. 
pages 
 96 – 97
Risk management
pages 
 44 – 51
Separate Risk Report on  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
(b)	Describe the organisation’s processes for managing 
climate-related risks.
pages 
 96 – 97
Risk management
pages 
 44 – 51
Separate Risk Report on  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
(c)	Describe how processes for identifying, assessing, and 
managing climate-related risks are integrated into the 
overall risk management. 
pages 
 96 – 97
Risk management
pages 
 44 – 51
Separate Risk Report on  
www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
Metrics and targets
(a)	Disclose the metrics used by the organisation to assess 
climate-related risks and opportunities in line with its 
strategy and risk management process.
pages 
 106 – 107
2024 Sappi Group Sustainability 
Report
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
(b)	Disclose Scope 1, Scope 2 and if appropriate Scope 3 
GHG emissions and related risks.
page 
 107
2024 Sappi Group Sustainability 
Report
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
(c)	Describe the targets used by the organisation 
to manage climate-related risks and opportunities 
and performance against targets.
page 
 106
2024 Sappi Group Sustainability 
Report
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
TCFD report
86
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Governance
In order to unlock the power of renewable resources to benefit people, 
communities and the planet, we need to do so from a foundation of trust. 
This foundation is reinforced by our robust sustainability governance 
framework summarised below.
Sappi Sustainability Governance Framework
Sappi board
Committees
Social, Ethics, 
Transformation 
and Sustainability 
(SETS) Committee
Other board committees
Executive 
Management 
Committee 
(EXCO)
Group 
Sustainable 
Development 
Council (GSDC)
Regional 
Sustainability 
Councils
Audit and  
Risk
Remuneration 
and 
Compensation
Chaired by an 
independent 
Non-executive 
Director
Chaired by an 
independent 
Non-executive 
Director
Chaired by an 
independent 
Non-executive 
Director
Chaired by the 
group CEO
Chaired by the 
Group Head: 
Sustainability and 
Investor Relations
Chaired by 
regional CEOs and 
sustainability leads
Purpose
Oversees the 
group’s sustainability 
strategy, 
commitments, 
policies performance
Oversees the 
group’s corporate 
financial reporting, 
internal control 
systems, risk 
management and 
relationship with the 
external auditor
Ensures that 
incentives drive 
the appropriate 
behaviours that 
deliver our 
strategy
Management 
responsibility 
for execution 
of sustainability 
strategy and 
policies guided 
by the SETS 
Committee
Provides expert 
insights and 
support to 
the business 
on sustainable 
development 
matters
Oversees the 
integration 
of sustainable 
development into 
the operations
Responsibility
Responsible for 
the governance 
of matters related 
to sustainable 
development 
including: 
environment, climate 
change, biodiversity, 
product stewardship, 
labour, human rights, 
diversity and 
transformation and 
ethics. Ensures 
alignment to best 
practice and 
disclosure standards
Oversees the 
group’s corporate 
financial reporting. 
Oversees the risk 
management 
process including 
sustainability 
risks. Monitors 
effectiveness 
of internal control 
systems including 
hotline reporting 
platform
Aligns 
remuneration 
to performance 
against key 
sustainability 
targets and focus 
areas
Prioritises capital 
allocation and 
ensures business 
unit line 
management 
holds primary 
responsibility and 
accountability for 
sustainability 
performance
Keeps abreast 
of best practice 
and regulatory 
compliance 
requirements. 
Develops 
sustainability-
related strategy 
and policies for 
the group
Develops action 
plans aligned with 
strategy and 
policies and 
monitors progress 
towards 
sustainability 
targets and 
commitments. 
Ensures integration 
of sustainability 
requirements into 
operational systems 
and processes
Oversight
Accountable
Advisory
Execution
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The SETS Committee has an independent role with 
accountability to the Sappi Limited board and comprises 
a majority of independent non-executive members, whose 
duties are delegated to them by the board in compliance 
with a board-approved terms of reference. The role of the 
SETS Committee is to assist the board with the oversight 
of sustainability matters within the company, including 
climate-related issues, and to provide guidance to 
management’s work in respect of its duties. The SETS 
Committee provides oversight on the group’s sustainable 
development strategies, policies, objectives and targets and 
public disclosures. The committee addresses issues relating 
to environmental impact and climate change, corporate 
social investment, ethical conduct, diversity, transformation 
and empowerment and ongoing sustainability initiatives. 
The responsibilities include monitoring the company’s ESG 
activities, having regard to any relevant legislation, other legal 
requirements and prevailing codes of best practice.
The SETS Committee meets three times per year and the 
Chair of the committee reports back to the board after every 
meeting. Progress against our Thrive sustainability targets 
is an integral component of the SETS Committee agenda 
and is reviewed twice per year. Each of the three regions and 
Sappi Forests presents a detailed report on progress against 
regional Thrive targets as well as feedback on key initiatives, 
action plans and challenges relating to sustainability and 
climate-related matters. Additionally, a detailed climate report 
is presented to the SETS Committee annually outlining the 
company’s progress according to the TCFD framework.
Audit and Risk Committee (ARC) provides additional 
governance oversight on climate-related matters. The ARC 
oversees the group’s corporate financial reporting and 
annual planning process, and the group’s internal controls 
and risk assessment process, which includes sustainability 
and specifically climate-related risks. The committee also 
provides oversight of external assurance of key sustainability 
metrics, which include GHG emissions.
The Remuneration and Compensation Committee 
is responsible for ensuring that incentive schemes drive 
the appropriate behaviours that deliver our sustainability 
strategy, including the alignment of remuneration 
to performance against our key Thrive sustainability 
commitments and targets.
The Executive Management Committee (EXCO), 
chaired by the group CEO, is accountable for delivery 
of the sustainability strategy and responsible for ensuring 
that the strategic objectives and goals of the organisation 
are achieved. The committee is responsible for ensuring that 
capital allocation is aligned with business and sustainability 
objectives and prioritised appropriately to ensure timely 
delivery against our public commitments. The EXCO regularly 
reviews progress against our sustainability and climate 
commitments and targets. In addition, sustainability matters 
of a strategic nature, including those relating to climate 
change, are reviewed and discussed by the EXCO prior 
to submission to the SETS Committee. This allows the 
EXCO to provide their strategic input and ensures that 
there is complete management alignment on 
sustainability matters.
The GSDC reviews key global and regional trends and 
developments and makes recommendations on strategy and 
policy that are fed through to the EXCO, the SETS Committee 
and ultimately, to the Sappi Limited board of directors. The 
Group Head of Sustainability and Investor Relations and the 
Group Head Technology are responsible for coordinating 
actions related to the group’s climate change-related risks 
and opportunities and providing reports to the EXCO 
to enable it to discharge its responsibility.
The GSDC meets quarterly and reviews progress against 
Thrive sustainability targets at each meeting. Additionally, 
other climate-related topics such as regulatory changes and 
trends, sustainable procurement, SBTi, TCFD, TNFD and 
forestry related issues are discussed at the majority of the 
meetings. All climate change-related matters of strategic 
importance are raised by the Group Head of Sustainability 
and Investor Relations at EXCO meetings for input and 
guidance. Additionally, the progress against our science-
based decarbonisation targets, regional climate transition 
action plans and capital allocation are reviewed in detail 
by EXCO annually with the annual budget-setting programme.
The group’s Regional Sustainability Councils (RSCs), 
in Europe, North America and South Africa, are responsible 
for establishing and implementing our on-the-ground 
sustainability strategy and action plans. Their work 
is overseen and reviewed by the GSDC.
TCFD report continued
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Strategy
Sustainability forms the foundation of our Thrive strategy and is fully 
integrated into our operations where the primary focus is on the 
sustainable management of our operations, increasing efficiency and 
maximising value from our sustainable natural resources.
As we look to the future, it is clear we have an obligation to play a role beyond making and selling. Policy measures to enable 
the transition to low-carbon economies, with a general goal for net-zero emissions of GHG by 2050 are being rolled out globally. 
The private sector has a key role to play in this just transition and in line with this obligation, we have set 2030 science-based 
decarbonisation targets.
The core principles of Sappi’s climate strategy are aligned with the overarching Thrive strategy as outlined below. Furthermore, 
detailed strategic objectives and actions aligned with our climate transition plan are disclosed on page 
 92.
Sappi’s climate strategy
Grow our  
business
Sustain our  
financial health
Drive operational 
excellence
Enhance trust
What it means
Committing to core business 
segments while investing 
in innovation, growth 
opportunities and ongoing 
customer relationships.
Reducing and managing 
our debt, growing EBITDA, 
maximising product value, 
optimising processes 
globally and strategically 
disposing of non-core assets.
Strengthening our safety first 
culture and reducing resource 
use while enhancing efficiency 
and making smart data 
investments.
Improving our understanding of, 
and proactively partnering with, 
customers and communities, 
driving sustainability solutions, 
and meeting the changing 
needs of every employee 
at Sappi.
Climate relevancy
Purposeful innovation and 
collaboration to provide 
low-carbon, biobased 
solutions and accelerate 
climate action.
Optimise allocation of capital 
for profitable growth while 
ensuring that it reduces our 
impact on climate change and 
positions us competitively for 
a low-carbon future.
Continual focus on reducing 
our own and value chain 
emissions; protecting 
biodiversity and promoting 
the responsible use of scarce 
water resources.
Being a transparent, proactive 
and responsible company 
and partner with a long-term, 
solutions-oriented approach 
to address climate change 
mitigation, adaptation and 
resilience. Playing our part 
to ensure a socially inclusive 
just transition.
Sappi recognises the interconnections between climate, 
forests, water and biodiversity and adopts a holistic 
approach to managing these interdependencies. Guided 
by our Prosperity, People, Planet framework and the 
six capitals model, we use a double materiality approach 
to evaluate both financial and environmental impacts. 
By integrating tools such as ISO 14001, lifecycle assessments, 
WWF water risk tool and forestry certification processes, 
Sappi systematically assesses and addresses environmental 
risks, ensuring sustainability considerations are embedded 
in operations, decision making and strategic planning. This 
approach enhances the management of trade-offs and links 
environmental challenges to both business performance and 
positive environmental outcomes.
We have developed a climate transition plan and 
decarbonisation capital allocation strategy to achieve 
our 2030 science-based decarbonisation targets and have 
also committed to using our influence to encourage our 
major suppliers to set their own science-based targets 
(SBTs). We acknowledge that the decarbonisation of our 
South African assets will be more challenging than in our 
other operating regions due to the nature of the energy 
landscape, which is heavily dependent on coal, an abundant 
resource in the country.
2024
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The South African climate challenge
South Africa faces significant climate adaptation and 
mitigation challenges due to a combination of geographical, 
socioeconomic and developmental factors. Geographically, 
the country is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events 
such as droughts, heatwaves and floods, which are expected 
to intensify with global warming. Its reliance on climate-
sensitive sectors like agriculture, water and biodiversity 
further heightens this vulnerability. Socioeconomic 
challenges, including high levels of poverty, inequality 
and unemployment, leave many communities without the 
resources needed to adapt to climate change effectively. 
Inadequate infrastructure, limited access to essential 
services and the prevalence of informal settlements 
exacerbate the impacts of climate shocks. On the mitigation 
front, South Africa’s heavy dependence on a coal-based 
economy complicates efforts to reduce emissions 
and transition to renewable energy systems. These 
interconnected challenges underscore the country’s 
heightened exposure to climate change and the urgency 
of coordinated adaptation and mitigation efforts, both 
of which require significant financial investments. 
We therefore highlight South 
Africa’s reliance on international 
financial support and collaborative 
solutions to address the country’s 
systemic barriers to climate 
adaptation and mitigation to 
ensure a just and equitably 
transition.
South Africa’s climate transition plan aims to balance climate 
action with sustainable development and economic growth, 
targeting a low-carbon economy by 2050. It emphasises 
reducing emissions, enhancing climate resilience and 
expanding renewable energy, with natural gas specifically 
identified as a transitional fuel. The draft Integrated 
Resources Plan (IRP 2023)1, the country’s mitigation 
blueprint, does not currently address its primary energy 
security and emissions abatement objective and does not 
provide any analysis to show how this might be achieved 
in the short term. The 2023 draft’s estimate of renewables 
in the power system by 2030 is significantly reduced from 
the 2019 plan and likely to be well below the levels required 
to achieve a 1.5ºC-compatible pathway and specifically 
includes a shift from coal to gas as a key abatement action. 
The Presidential Climate Commission2, has highlighted that 
the plan lacks sufficient detail and has recommended 
that further analysis of scenarios is critical and greater 
transparency is required, including publishing cost impacts 
of the proposed energy mix and disclosing the assumptions 
and results of the modelling analyses. The Just Energy 
Transition Implementation Plan (JET)3 estimates a financing 
need of US$98 billion over five years to drive a sustainable 
and equitable transition in South Africa, highlighting the 
significant financial burden of the transition. While 
South Africa’s transition plan in principle aligns with the 
Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal, it requires ambitious targets, 
accelerated renewable energy adoption and significant 
international investment to fully meet this commitment.
Implications of South Africa’s climate 
challenge for Sappi
Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) relies significantly on coal-based 
power, with Eskom (South Africa’s national energy provider) 
supplying 50% of our energy needs in 2024. SSA accounted 
for 80% of the Sappi group Scope 2 emissions in FY2024, 
up from 43% in 2019, reflecting the region’s high contribution 
to the group’s Scope 2 emissions. The uncertainty surrounding 
South Africa’s (and Eskom’s) energy transition, specifically 
the absence of a transition plan that is fully aligned with the 
country’s climate commitments and the significant financial 
burden of the transition, pose significant risks to the country 
achieving a 1.5°C-aligned decarbonisation by 2030 and 
net zero by 2050.
Although Sappi’s 2030 climate transition plan includes direct 
investments in renewable energy generation in South Africa 
as well as renewable energy procurement from independent 
providers, we remain partially reliant on Eskom to fulfil our 
power requirements. Eskom has publicly stated that their 
transition plans include investments in natural gas as 
a transitional fuel4. As a result, Sappi is unable to commit 
to eliminating all spending on fossil fuel expansion due 
to this dependency.
Sappi acknowledges the critical need for a just energy 
transition in South Africa and is committed to collaborating 
with business leaders, communities and government 
stakeholders to advocate for equitable solutions. As an 
active member of the National Business Initiative (NBI), 
Sappi participates in advancing decarbonisation and 
addressing socioeconomic challenges, participating 
as a ‘CEO champion’ for key initiatives such as ‘The Just 
Transition and Climate Pathways Study for South Africa: 
Decarbonising the Agriculture, Forestry and Land Use 
Sector5’ and the JET Skilling for Employment Programme 
(JET SEP)6.
Sappi fully supports the principles of the Paris Agreement 
and recognises the importance of decarbonising to achieve 
net zero by 2050. However, achieving this goal within the 
South African context presents unique challenges. South 
Africa’s reliance on coal-based power and the considerable 
social implication of the transition means that significant 
progress on decarbonisation requires systemic changes 
well beyond the capacity of individual companies.
1	 www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_
document/202401/49974gon4238.pdf 
2	 www.pccommissionflo.imgix.net/uploads/images/PCC-Response-to-
Draft-IRP2023.pdf 
3	 www.stateofthenation.gov.za/assets/downloads/JET%20
Implementation%20Plan%202023-2027.pdf 
4	 www.eskom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/JET_
Factsheet13Oct2021.pdf 
5	 www.nbi.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/NBI-Chapter-5-
Decarbonising-the-AFOLU-Sector.pdf 
6	 www.nbi.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Powering-Futures_
The-Green-Skilling-Opportunity_Digital-Upload.pdf 
TCFD report continued
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For Sappi to reach net zero by 2050, we currently assume 
that substantial direct investment would be needed to abate 
a significant portion of our Scope 2 emissions in South Africa. 
While we are fully committed to advancing our decarbonisation 
efforts, we believe that addressing Scope 2 emissions 
primarily falls within the remit of the national energy sector, 
given its critical role in transitioning the country’s power 
infrastructure. The uncertainty surrounding South Africa’s 
energy transition, coupled with the potential additional 
burden for Sappi to directly address Scope 2 emissions, 
poses a significant barrier for us in setting a net-zero target 
at this time. Nevertheless, we remain committed to making 
meaningful progress on our decarbonisation journey and 
contributing to a socially inclusive just transition.
Key assumptions and dependencies within 
Sappi’s 2030 climate transition plan
•	 Sustainable forestry management practices: The plan 
depends on continued availability of sustainably sourced 
woodfibre through responsible forestry management, 
crucial for climate change mitigation and adaptation. 
It depends on the sustainable management of Sappi’s 
forests and woodfibre supply chains to ensure long-term 
supply, ecological balance and zero deforestation
•	 Regulatory support: The plan relies on favourable 
government policies that promote emissions 
reductions and renewable energy investments, especially 
in South Africa, where the energy landscape is heavily 
reliant on coal. Successful implementation hinges on the 
decarbonisation of Eskom, the national energy provider, 
alongside adequate investments in renewable 
infrastructure such as grid transmission
•	 Adaptation to climate risks: The plan depends 
on Sappi’s ability to manage and adapt to climate-related 
risks, such as extreme weather to maintain operational 
resilience. The plan is dependent on the ability 
of Sappi’s tree breeding programme to develop genetic 
enhancements that enhance our plantation forest 
resilience through genetic adaptions to the climate change 
induced environmental stressors that are anticipated
•	 Technological innovation: The plan assumes ongoing 
advancements in technologies for energy efficiency 
and emissions management to improve performance 
within operations
•	 Market demand for sustainable products: The plan 
assumes growing market demand for sustainable 
products, driven by consumer preferences for eco-friendly 
options, which will be key for growth in packaging, 
speciality papers, dissolving wood pulp and biomaterials
•	 Collaboration with stakeholders: The plan depends 
on collaboration with stakeholders, including customers, 
suppliers and local communities, to achieve transition goals 
and ensure a just energy transition, particularly given the 
social impacts of the transition from coal in South Africa.
Sappi’s key decarbonisation levers
In the short and medium term, Sappi’s decarbonisation 
strategy focuses on abatement investments to continuously 
reduce emissions from high emitting assets and reduce 
energy intensity using best-available technology. In the 
longer term, Sappi will evaluate emerging technologies and 
collaborate with strategic partners to understand feasibility 
and cost of new technologies that will reduce hard-to-
abate emissions.
Scope 1 and 2 emissions
1 
Exiting fossil fuels
•	 Converting our boilers from coal/gas to biofuels
•	 Electrification.
2 
Energy efficiency
•	 Investing in best-available and new technologies 
to reduce energy intensity of our operations.
3 
Investments in renewable energy
•	 Investing in new solar/wind/biomass energy assets 
(specific to South Africa).
4 
Greening our electricity supply
•	 Procuring renewable energy.
Scope 3
5 
Supplier engagement
Residual emissions
Our short and medium-term focus is on direct abatement 
of emissions from our operations and value chain. 
We acknowledge that as we approach 2050, we are likely 
to have residual emissions that cannot feasibly be eliminated. 
We will consider neutralising these emissions through 
credible solutions.
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The SBTi requires all organisations with land-based 
emissions to set a Forestry Land and Agriculture (FLAG) 
SBT. Currently there is no globally accepted standard 
methodology for land-use carbon accounting. The GHG 
protocol is developing a carbon accounting guidance for land 
sector emissions and removals – Land Sector and Removals 
Guidance (LSRG GHG P). This methodology will likely become 
the standard for forest carbon accounting and will be utilised 
within the SBTi FLAG emission reduction target-setting 
process once it is finalised. Sappi has been actively involved 
in the LSRG technical working groups and was one of the 
forestry companies that piloted the first version of the 
guidance. Unfortunately, the finalisation of the LSRG protocol 
is taking much longer than planned due to stakeholder 
misalignment on key forest accounting methodologies, which 
still remain unresolved. Once the protocol is finalised, we will 
evaluate the FLAG target-setting process and implications 
for our SBTi targets.
Forestry emissions and removals
Climate impacts on our own plantations, our operations and 
our products are considered within our transition plan using 
a double materiality impact approach. This holistic approach 
considers both the financial impact and environmental and 
social impact of carbon emissions and removals across our 
own operations and value chain with land-based (forest) 
emissions and removals being a key component of our 
climate impact. Forests form an integral component 
of Sappi’s transition plan due to the critical role they 
plan in carbon sequestration, absorbing large amounts 
of CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to mitigate climate 
change. Sustainably managed forests ensure a renewable 
supply of woodfibre for our operations while maintaining 
biodiversity and ecosystem health, which are essential for 
resilience against climate impacts. Additionally, by preventing 
deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management 
(SFM) practices, we can reduce emissions linked to land-use 
changes, contributing to global climate goals.
Account and disclosure
Objective
We will be transparent in our accounting 
and disclosure of carbon impacts, risks 
and opportunities.
Key actions
•	 Use GHG accounting standards 
to create a full account of carbon 
footprint
•	 Disclose emissions, reduction targets 
and strategic actions
•	 Externally assure emissions
•	 Use quantitative and qualitative 
scenario analysis of transition and 
physical impacts to identify and 
disclose climate-related risks and 
opportunities aligned with the TCFD 
framework.
Mitigate and decarbonise
Objective
We will reduce our own and value-chain 
emissions in line with science-based 
decarbonisation pathways towards 
net zero.
Key actions
•	 Set science-based decarbonisation 
targets for Scope 1, 2 and 3
•	 Set energy efficiency/renewable 
energy targets
•	 Align our decarbonisation trajectory 
where appropriate with market and 
regulatory expectations
•	 Engage with suppliers and customers 
to mitigate value-chain emissions and 
establish a feedback mechanism for 
determining the success 
of engagements
•	 Evaluate and implement emerging 
decarbonisation technologies, where 
appropriate.
Value and integrate
Objective
We will value and integrate carbon into 
business processes.
Key actions
•	 Utilise an internal price of carbon 
in capital allocation decision-making 
processes
•	 Prioritise capex and opex aligned 
to the transition to a 1.5-degree world
•	 Invest in innovation/R&D for own 
mitigation and new product 
development for a low-carbon, 
circular economy
•	 Identify/develop a taxonomy 
to classify products as low carbon
•	 Leverage public and climate finance 
to augment mitigation actions
•	 Integrate decarbonisation 
considerations into R&D and 
procurement business processes and 
decisions and establish a mechanism 
for monitoring progress and 
compliance.
Key elements of Sappi’s climate transition plan 
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Aligning our external engagement activities
Sappi’s external stakeholder engagements on climate issues 
are guided by Sappi’s policies including our Code of Ethics, 
group sustainability charter and various environmental 
policies (climate, water stewardship and woodfibre) and 
SDG commitments. In terms of climate, Sappi engagement 
activities are further guided by our support of the Paris 
Agreement, our SBTi commitments and the priority targets 
we have established in alignment with climate-relevant 
UN SDGs, including SDG7: Renewable and Clean Energy 
and SDG13: Climate Action.
Sappi ensures alignment on policy and legislative matters 
affecting sustainability, including climate and nature, through 
collaboration among senior leaders, regional CEOs, and 
sustainability teams. These topics are regularly reviewed 
at regional and global Sustainable Development Councils, 
as well as in key committee meetings, to determine 
appropriate actions consistent with Sappi’s overarching 
climate and nature strategy.
Sappi engages both directly with regulators on climate policy 
through formal processes and indirectly through trade 
associations or other intermediary organisations.
Sustainability linked finance framework
Sappi’s international revolving credit facility (RCF) of 
€515 million, which matures in 2027, is linked to the group’s 
Sustainable Financing Framework. The RCF is structured 
with a margin adjustment mechanism, linked to progress 
in achieving the framework KPIs. The framework defines four 
material sustainability KPIs and provides a basis for future 
KPI-linked credit and capital market activities of the group. 
The KPIs focus on specific GHG (Scope 1 and 2) emissions; 
certified fibre supplied to Sappi mills, solid waste-to-landfill 
and the safety of our employees. This is an important 
strategic step for Sappi and supports our long-term vision 
to be a sustainable business and demonstrates that we are 
committed to delivering our ambitious sustainability strategy.
Advocate
Objective
We will advocate that the Forest and 
Forest Products Sector’s contribution 
towards achieving net zero is recognised 
and valued.
Key actions
•	 Engage with regulatory bodies and 
trade associations to advocate for 
policies consistent with achieving 
net zero by 2050
•	 Secure recognition of carbon benefits 
derived from forests and woodfibre-
based products
•	 Engage and participate in GHG carbon 
accounting working groups 
to advocate for development/
implementation protocols consistent 
with achieving net zero by 2050.
Innovate and collaborate
Objective
We will partner to develop solutions and 
accelerate climate action.
Key actions
•	 Collaborate with peers, suppliers, 
customers, governments, civil society 
and employees to support 
decarbonisation efforts
•	 Identify consortia and multi-
stakeholder alliances to promote 
best practice sharing and collective 
climate action
•	 Collaborate with value chains 
to develop carbon-neutral offerings
•	 Create shared value with our 
communities to improve livelihoods 
and ensure long-term resilience.
Build resilience
Objective
We will address and adapt to climate 
change impacts.
Key actions
•	 Develop and invest in adaptation 
technologies to ensure the continued 
sustainability of our forestry assets 
in South Africa
•	 Promote biobased circular economy 
principles and leverage our forestry 
assets and know-how to support the 
development of rural community 
agroforestry
•	 Address short and long-term physical 
and transitional climate risks identified 
through TCFD processes to build 
resilience
•	 Play our part as a socially responsible 
business to ensure a just transition
•	 Protect and improve biodiversity 
in our forestry landholding and reduce 
use of water in our operations located 
in water-stressed regions
•	 Collaborate with landscape-level 
stakeholders to promote nature-
positive action.
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Climate scenario modelling
There are many uncertainties around the potential physical 
and transitional impacts of climate change, and we therefore 
continue to enhance the quality of our scenario modelling 
to further understand these impacts. 
Sappi uses climate modelling 
to assess physical risks and also 
considers transitional risks, such 
as evolving regulations, to identify 
interconnections and dependencies. 
This scenario analysis has enhanced Sappi’s ability to identify 
and manage environmental risks and opportunities, spanning 
both transitional and physical factors.
Sappi adopts an integrated approach to climate scenario 
modelling which has been conducted for our own 
manufacturing and forest operations. The objective of the 
scenario modelling is to evaluate a broad range of risks 
across all climate eventualities, enhance our understanding 
of the particular climate-related risks at each operational site 
and integrating these into our risk management and 
mitigation processes.
In terms of physical climate risks, we have utilised S&P 
Consulting to assist us with climate scenario modelling of our 
own manufacturing and forest operations. Climate hazard 
indicators, water stress, floods, heatwaves, cold waves, 
hurricanes, wildfires and sea level rise, were evaluated under 
three different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 
scenarios using the S&P Global Trucost dataset. The baseline 
year was 2020, with scenarios to 2030 and 2050.
•	 RCP 2.5 – a low climate change scenario, involving 
aggressive mitigation actions to halve emissions by 2050
•	 RCP 4.5 – a moderate climate change scenario involving 
strong mitigation actions to reduce emissions to half 
of current levels by 2080
•	 RCP 8.5 – a high climate change scenario representing 
continuation of business as usual with emissions 
at current rates.
The outcome of the scenario modelling for our 
manufacturing operations is that Sappi faces moderate risk, 
with the greatest exposure to water stress and cold wave. 
The results were as follows:
(a)	 Our exposure to wildfire (with the exception of our 
plantations), is low across all scenarios
(b)	 Cold wave risk exposure is generally low on average and 
declines over time in the transition from the low to high 
climate scenario
(c)	 Heatwave exposure is generally low for all sites, with the 
sites having the highest exposure in Italy, South Africa 
and the USA. However, the risk rises for all sites over time 
and the various scenarios
(d)	 Across all scenarios used, water stress exposure is low 
moderate over time, however risks for specific sites could 
rise sharply by 2050. Under RCP 4.5, two mills could 
expect high levels of water stress by 2050, while seven 
could experience moderate water stress within the same 
time period. These mills are in Belgium, Germany, Italy, 
South Africa and the Netherlands
(e)	 Flood risks are low across all sites, declining over time 
for RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5
(f)	 Across all scenarios, sea level rise and hurricane risks 
are very low for all sites.
With water security highlighted as a potential climate risk 
to our operations we have also conducted additional 
water risk analysis using the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 
water risk tool to determine if our mills are located in areas 
classified as water stressed. Further water scarcity scenario 
analysis was performed using the WWF water risk filter 
(WRF) to assess risks at our production sites for 2030 and 
2050. The assumptions for this scenario are built around 
three different pathways: optimistic, current and pessimistic. 
These pathways reflect a combination of climate projections 
from the IPCC AR5 (RCP) and socioeconomic scenarios from 
IIASA (SSP). The optimistic scenario assumes rapid adoption 
of water-saving technologies by 2030. It is also assumed that 
strict water conservation policies will need to be in place. 
Regional economic conditions and local factors may affect 
water availability, which may not be fully represented in the 
scenario results. The WRF scenario models have limitations 
due to certain assumptions in climate and socioeconomic 
projections.
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The risk classification is based on the WWF thresholds where 
a water scarcity rating of 3.4 – 4.2 is classified as high risk 
and 4.2 – 5 as very high risk. In FY2024, our results using the 
recently updated WWF water risk tool indicated that none 
of our operations fall into these categories.
Outputs of the water risk scenario analysis are supplemented 
with local knowledge and practical experience. Where water 
availability risk within our direct operations is determined 
to be material, we implement specific integrated water 
management plans to mitigate risk and allocate capital for 
water reduction initiatives. Where water security risks are 
identified within our catchment areas, Sappi actively seeks 
opportunities for landscape-level collaboration. For example, 
we are partnering with WWF on a water stewardship 
programme to enhance water security in the uMkhomazi 
catchment area, which supplies our Saiccor Mill. Sappi 
firmly believes that addressing future water needs requires 
coordinated, multi-stakeholder collaboration across 
the landscape.
In terms of climate scenario modelling for our forestry 
operations, it was identified that the S&P Trucost data set 
was not sufficiently downscaled for local South African 
conditions. We therefore supplemented the work of S&P 
global by collaborating with the Global Change Institute at the 
University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and other 
industry members to identify six representative climate 
change models and downscaled these to local conditions 
at a finer resolution for years between 1960 and 2100. 
The data was processed to various beneficial data products 
to inform on a range of factors, including drought, heat 
and fire risk. Sappi further processed the forecast climate 
data in-house by algebraically adjusting the basic weather 
forecasts to a year 2000 baseline. The modelling highlighted 
significant chronic and acute climate change impacts 
including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation 
patterns and drought. These environmental impacts were 
used to assess risks for our forestry operations which 
included forest ecosystem vulnerabilities like wildfires, drought 
resilience, and biodiversity threats (eg pests and diseases).
A number of material forest-related physical climate risks 
have been identified through this process. The financial 
impact and mitigation strategies are disclosed in the section 
of the report on risks and opportunities. Sappi has already 
anticipated the potential significant impact of climate change 
on our forestry operations for many years now. Adaptation 
strategies are complicated by the fact that forestry crops are 
long-lived, with rotation periods of 10 years for eucalypts and 
20 years for pines and it typically takes more than 20 years 
to develop a new hybrid tree variety. Accordingly, our 
adaptation strategy has evolved to focus more intensely 
on tree improvement research to breed trees for drought 
resistance and match tree species to the unique water 
qualities of plantation sites.
In terms of climate transition risk, we have conducted 
scenarios involving nationally determined contributions 
(NDCs) and their associated timeframes. Each country 
in which we have manufacturing operations, as well as the 
EU region, has submitted NDCs to the United Nations 
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 
Various scenarios within the parameters of key regulatory 
developments were also assessed against the backdrop 
of climate issues (for example: our own decarbonisation 
plans and possible carbon taxes to drive behavioural change; 
reputational impact if site emissions reduction plans do not 
align with the relevant NDC and market expectations). 
In FY2025 we will expand our scenario analysis for 
transitional risk through a further collaboration with 
S&P Global. The analysis will focus on carbon policy risk 
for our operations and carbon market risk for top suppliers 
and customers.
To address potential transitional risks in terms of carbon taxes 
we have implemented an internal carbon price (ICP) within the 
capital evaluation process to ensure that the impact of carbon 
for all large capital investments is understood. The ICP 
is embedded in our cost calculations as a financial indicator 
and allows for carbon abatement projects to be compared 
across regions to determine the most overall cost-effective 
abatement capital allocation strategy.
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Risks and opportunities
Sappi has a well-established risk management process within a formal 
governance structure. The risk evaluation process is run annually, 
with comprehensive discussions which include climate change 
(led by regional risk managers) with each mill and central function. 
In addition, we incorporate historical experiences 
as identified by mill and forestry management teams 
in light of current, short and medium-term predictions. 
This is supplemented by our environmental and legal teams’ 
knowledge of emerging regulations and other transitional 
concerns. This risk approach is supplemented by ongoing 
review of downstream industry dynamics, particularly 
risks and opportunities related to single-use plastics, 
lightweighting of products and the transition to a low-carbon 
economy. This work is captured by regular meetings with our 
customers together with our global R&D teams.
Once risks have been identified by the working groups, 
they go through the review process of our risk governance 
structure. We have identified seven material physical risks 
associated with our South African plantations, mill operations 
and supply chains and one material transition risk. In terms 
of opportunities, we have identified two transitional 
opportunities and two operational opportunities. 
We define our timeframes for assessment on page 
 99.
Climate change risks and opportunities are fully integrated into 
Sappi’s strategy and organisational processes, with climate 
change recognised as a principal strategic risk. These factors 
are routinely considered in our strategic planning, financial 
decision making, capital allocation and operational 
management. Given the energy-intensive nature of our 
industry and our reliance on woodfibre and water – both 
affected by climate change – we are committed to addressing 
these risks and contributing to the climate solution.
Sappi aligns with climate science and has invested significantly 
in R&D for decarbonisation, focusing on increasing pulp 
backward integration, renewable energy opportunities, 
and exploring new technologies for deep decarbonisation. 
Our Future Energy Technologies & Decarbonisation cluster 
is exploring advancements in renewable power, pulping, 
papermaking and carbon capture.
Achieving our science-based decarbonisation targets 
is central to future-proofing the business, and we view 
decarbonisation investments as essential for reducing costs, 
fostering innovation, and enhancing resilience. With a clear 
climate transition roadmap, Sappi is committed to meeting its 
2030 targets and encouraging suppliers to set their own SBTs. 
The capital expenditure between FY2021 – FY2030 required 
to achieve the targets is estimated to be in the region 
of US$60 – US$70 million per annum.
Climate change is having a significant impact on our 
woodfibre supply. In both Europe and Southern Africa, the 
changing climate is impacting the health and resilience 
of the forests and plantations from which we source 
woodfibre. Increased drought, floods, wind, pest and disease 
outbreaks and wildfires are all accelerating forestry risks and 
could potentially significantly increase our wood costs.
Temperatures over the South African interior are projected 
to rise at about 1.5 to 2 times the global rate, with significant 
implications for our plantations. In addition to hotter, drier 
conditions, we expect shifting seasons with later summer 
rainfall, which will make our planting season shorter. We also 
anticipate that weather will become more extreme and that 
drought and floods, as well as wind, snow and hail will intensify. 
In response, we have developed climate smart forest 
management practices. Our Sappi Forests’ scientists have 
developed a high level of expertise in assessing the impact 
of climate change on our plantations in South Africa. Their 
knowledge is supplemented by our strong partnership 
with the Global Change Institute at the University of the 
Witwatersrand (Wits) in Johannesburg. Recognising that there 
is a lack of data and expertise within South Africa for climate 
modelling, we launched the Sappi Chair in Climate Change and 
Plantation Sustainability at the University of the Witwatersrand 
in Johannesburg. The Research Chair will identify critical 
research needs and develop research outputs related 
to climate change and will also develop capacity in South 
Africa to manipulate and interpret climate modelling data.
R&D of genetically improved planting stock has been 
conducted at Sappi’s Shaw Research Centre in Howick for 
over 25 years. Tree improvement is aimed at increasing pulp 
yield produced per hectare by testing various species and 
hybrids across Sappi’s diverse landholdings. Besides growth 
improvements, trees are bred for superior wood properties 
and resistance to biotic and abiotic threats including frost, 
drought, pests and diseases. A broad genetic base, acquired 
over 25 years and a skilled breeding team exploiting new 
technologies are some of the assets of the programme. 
Nursery technologies research improve propagation 
techniques of elite genotypes. Land management and 
Pest and Disease Programmes conduct research on stress 
detection, climate change predictions, site classification 
to improve site-genotype matching, risk mapping, nutritional 
research, site resilience, biological control measures, national 
pest and disease surveys etc. In addition to these initiatives 
and programmes, we also maintain a solid base of permanent 
sample and long-term soil monitoring plots, with the plot 
coordinates stored on our GIS database. These help us to 
monitor climate change based on geology, temperature zone 
and water availability. This enables us to keep track of forest 
litter, soil physical and chemical properties, allowing for early 
detection of site changes.
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In terms of climate-related opportunities, we recognise that 
our sector is uniquely positioned to produce circular and 
low-carbon products, which can offer consumers alternatives 
to fossil-based products. There is a significant opportunity for 
Sappi to accelerate the transition to the circular biobased 
economy our planet demands. 
Through our continued focus on innovating packaging 
and speciality papers solutions, we remain committed 
to partnerships with customers, who are increasingly 
focused on the social and environmental credentials 
of our products. We are committed to embracing the circular 
economy using sustainable materials based on certified 
woodfibre and replacing fossil-based chemistry and 
to working on new technologies that support transformation 
in Sappi and across our value chain partners to reduce GHG 
emissions. There is significant potential to expand and unlock 
revenue streams with our paper-based packaging solutions 
to replace petroleum-based packaging in many sectors 
including the food and beverage, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals 
and electronics industries.
The majority of dissolving wood pulp (DWP) is consumed 
in the textile industry where pulp is converted through the 
value chain to yarn and ultimately textiles providing soft, 
breathable fabrics (eg viscose and lyocell) which hold colour 
well and drape beautifully. The global textile fibre industry 
is facing unprecedented sustainability challenges. Issues such 
as a rising population, climate change, water scarcity, land use 
(food versus fibre), deforestation and loss of biodiversity, 
plastic waste and marine pollution have combined to question 
the long-term credentials of the industry and its attempts 
to create a sustainable circular economy. Textile fibres derived 
from natural cellulose (dissolving wood pulp) are therefore 
gaining interest and have been the fastest growing textile 
fibre over the last 10 years. With increasing concerns about 
microplastic pollution in the oceans, petroleum-based textile 
fibres will continue to come under pressure and cotton 
cannot expand its area any further, meaning cellulosic fibres 
remain at an advantage and their market share will continue 
to expand. Lyocell represents the next generation of cellulose 
textile fibres. With its sustainable DWP raw material, reduced 
chemical processing and closed-loop systems, lyocell 
continues to be the most sustainable wood-based cellulosic 
fibre and is the fastest growing textile fibre group. Sappi 
is uniquely positioned as the world’s largest non-integrated 
DWP producer and largest supplier to the lyocell sector 
to benefit from the growth in cellulosic textiles.
Traditionally the papermaking process has only used 
approximately half of the raw wood material to manufacture 
pulp and paper products. The balance of the wood raw 
material is used to generate energy to power the mill or to 
sell into the electricity grid. Sappi is, however, developing new 
processes and biomaterials which extract more value from 
each tree and supports our business strategy to move into 
new and adjacent markets. Sappi’s innovative technology 
enables us to derive speciality biobased chemicals from 
the parts of the tree which are not used for pulp and paper 
making. These high-performance products often displace 
non-sustainable petroleum-based alternatives. There 
is significant opportunity to unlock further revenue streams 
through commercialisation of these biomaterials.
Our innovation programme is fully aligned with our Thrive 
strategy. The focus of the projects, which are global and 
based on the OneSappi approach, has shifted to emphasise 
sustainability, together with a focus on our segments with 
significant growth opportunity ie, packaging and speciality 
papers, dissolving wood pulp and biomaterials.
Our commitments to zero deforestation and wood sourcing 
from sustainably managed, healthy working forests with 
a high level of forestry certification enables us to offer 
products to our customers around the world that carry 
no risk of deforestation or forest degradation. Deforestation 
negatively impacts ecosystem services and climate. It also 
increases the transmission risk of zoonotic diseases. 
In addition to helping to respond to climate change and 
protect soils and water, forests hold more than three quarters 
of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity. This means that 
deforestation has serious negative impacts on biodiversity 
and climate change.
Trees and forests play an integral role in the global carbon 
cycle. Through sequestering carbon dioxide from the 
atmosphere and storing it in forest biomass and soils, 
forests store vast amounts of carbon and release oxygen 
back into the atmosphere. Recent studies point to the further 
contribution that trees and forests could deliver to mitigate 
climate change if afforestation, reforestation, and restoration 
efforts were scaled up substantially. Managing forests for 
wood production can help to maximise their contribution 
to carbon sequestration. Forest management practices which 
rely on scientific knowledge of silvicultural best practices 
applicable in respective vegetation zones, promote growth 
and carbon sequestration. In our plantations in South Africa 
and in the managed forests from which we source wood raw 
material, the cycle of regeneration, growing, thinning and 
harvesting is actively managed to enhance biodiversity, 
resilience, and maintain functional ecological condition.
The pulp and paper industry provides dependable markets 
for responsibly grown woodfibre, thereby incentivising 
long-term forest management. This assurance of financial 
returns enables and encourages landowners to manage 
their forestlands as working forests, instead of selling the 
land for development or converting it to non-forest uses. 
Furthermore, the pulp and paper industry typically utilises 
different species and/or smaller diameter trees or portions 
of trees that are not desirable in the solid wood industry. 
By providing this market and revenue stream, the industry 
is supporting necessary holistic forest stand-improvement 
activities that are essential for maintaining and restoring 
forest health, species and age-class balance, wildlife habitat 
and biodiversity, wildfire mitigation and hazardous fuels 
reduction, watershed protection, soil conservation and 
carbon sequestration. By ensuring forests and plantations 
are sustainably managed through high levels of certification 
and prioritising traceability, we can help to combat climate 
change and enhance the ecosystems services that 
contribute to greater levels of economic and environmental 
wellbeing. Our opportunity is to invest in and promote healthy 
forests both for our benefit and the myriad of benefits they 
deliver to the planet.
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Sappi’s climate-related physical risks
Risk
Description
Physical risks
South 
African 
plantation 
losses
Acute physical
More frequent, longer-lasting and more severe droughts are anticipated over the Southern African 
region due to climate change. As the planet continues to warm, rainfall reductions over the summer 
rainfall region are expected to become more pronounced, and the rising temperature drives 
evaporation. Accordingly, the ‘water balance’ is more strongly negative than the decline in rainfall 
alone. Levels of global warming of 2°C or higher are associated with substantial increases in risk in 
the summer rainfall parts of Southern Africa where Sappi’s plantations are situated. When several 
dry years follow directly on one another, the impact on plant production is extremely negative.
Chronic physical
Mean annual temperatures are expected to increase by between 3°C and 7°C. This increase 
in temperature in association with small changes in rainfall as well as potential changes in 
interannual rainfall patterns that will extend the annual dry period in the summer rainfall region, 
will increase plant heat stress and will have a negative impact on tree growth.
In addition, extension of the dry season or changes to rainfall seasonality could negatively impact 
re-establishment plantings by extending the area that is temporarily unplanted.
Higher temperatures and changing climatic conditions may increase vulnerability to pests and 
diseases. Given that temperature is the most important environmental factor affecting insect 
behaviour, distribution, development and reproduction, the general impact of increased 
temperature on insect pests might result in: increased reproduction and flight duration; 
expansion of geographic range (naturally or through severe weather such as storms and strong 
wind); increased survival rates of overwintering populations; increased risk of introduction of 
invasive insect species; increased evidence of insect-transmitted plant disease due to range 
expansion and rapid reproduction of insect vectors and reduced effectiveness of biological 
control agents and natural enemies. Thus, the additional temperature and water stress are likely 
to increase pest and disease-related growth losses. Stricter rules regarding use of pesticides by 
government and certification bodies will make it more difficult and expensive to control pest and 
disease outbreaks, as well as invasive plants.
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Time 
frame
Financial 
impact (pa)
Mitigation
Financial cost 
of mitigation (pa)
Long term
US$5 million to  
US$20 million
R&D of genetically improved planting 
stock has been conducted at Sappi’s Shaw 
Research Centre in Howick for over 25 years. 
Tree improvement is aimed at increasing pulp 
yield produced per hectare by testing various 
species and hybrids across Sappi’s diverse 
landholdings. Besides growth improvements, 
trees are bred for superior wood properties 
and resistance to biotic and abiotic threats 
including frost, drought, pests and diseases. 
A broad genetic base acquired over 25 years 
and a skilled breeding team exploring new 
technologies are some of the assets of the 
programme. Nursery technologies research 
improve propagation techniques of elite 
genotypes.
Land management and pest and disease 
programmes conduct research on stress 
detection, climate change predictions, site 
classification to improve site-genotype 
matching, risk mapping, nutritional research, 
site resilience, biological control measures 
and national pest and disease surveys.
US$3 million to  
US$5 million
The combined direct 
annual R&D expenditure 
per annum of the Sappi 
Nursery Technologies, land 
management, pest and 
diseases and tree breeding 
programmes.
Medium to
long term
US$5 million to  
US$10 million
Medium to 
long term
US$3 million to  
US$13 million
Timeframe: 
Short term 1 – 2 years, medium term 3 – 5 years, long term 5 – 30 years
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Sappi’s climate-related physical risks continued
Risk
Description
Physical risks
South African 
plantation losses
Fire remains a high risk to our plantations and is exacerbated by periods of drought.
Interruptions to mill 
operations and 
supply chains
Acute physical
Increased severity and frequency of extreme weather events may result in damage 
to our infrastructure and that of our supply chain partners. Extreme weather events 
could be flooding, hail or frost/snow.
Chronic physical
More frequent, longer lasting and more severe droughts are anticipated over the 
Southern African region due to climate change. As the planet continues to warn, 
rainfall reductions in the summer rainfall region are expected to become more 
pronounced and the rising temperature drives rising evaporation. Levels of global 
warming of 2°C or higher are associated with substantial increases in drought risk in 
the summer rainfall parts of Southern Africa where Sappi’s operations are situated. 
When several dry years follow directly on each other, the impact on available 
groundwater in the water river basins that serve our operations could be severely 
impacted. Our pulp and paper operations are water-intensive and any reduction 
in water availability could result in extended water shortages, which could disrupt 
our operations.
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Time 
frame
Financial 
impact (pa)
Mitigation
Financial cost 
of mitigation (pa)
Short to 
long term
US$18 million to 
US$130 million
Sappi Forests has a comprehensive risk 
management system, which comprises risk 
assessments, monthly compliance checks, 
management procedures, standards and 
general backup information. Fuel load maps 
are prepared for all districts to assess in the 
management of fuel loads and identification 
of major risks. When re-planting, Sappi is 
increasingly making use of mulchers as a 
more expensive but lower-risk alternative to 
burning of harvest residue. Regular weeding 
helps reduce fuel loads. Each plantation/
district has a weather monitoring station that 
is strategically placed to keep track of the Fire 
Danger Index (FDI). The FDI data is reported 
automatically using a cell phone or the 
camera detection data network to a central 
database (Vital Fire Weather – VFW), which 
sends alerts via SMS and email. When the FDI 
reaches a pre-determined level, all aerial and 
ground firefighting resources are strategically 
located, all airstrips are manned and 
detection centres are instructed to activate 
aircraft immediately should a fire be detected 
within or near plantations.
US$15 million to  
US$20 million
(Insurance and fire protection 
costs per annum).
Medium term
US$10 million to 
US$50 million
Sappi has comprehensive insurance 
coverage in place, which covers both our 
assets and business interruption.
US$35 million to 
US$45 million
Medium to 
long term
US$10 million to 
US$50 million
Sappi has water management plans for each 
operation in South Africa, which focus on 
implementing water-efficiency projects and 
implementing closed-loop and water-
recycling initiatives to reduce water intensity 
of our operations. We also engage local 
authorities, other industrial users and local 
communities within critical water basins to 
identify solutions and enhance water 
stewardship.
US$1 million to 
US$3 million
(Estimated SSA capex 
for water efficiency).
Timeframe: 
Short term 1 – 2 years, medium term 3 – 5 years, long term 5 – 30 years
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Sappi’s climate-related transition risks
Risk
Description
Transition risk
GHG regulatory 
changes and 
changing 
downstream 
requirements for 
low-carbon products
Sappi’s European operations fall under the EU Emissions Trading System. As EU 
Emissions Trading System allowances decrease over time and if our decarbonisation 
efforts do not keep pace with the required trajectory, there is potential that some 
operations may have deficits, which will require purchasing of ETSs. Similarly, SSA’s 
operations are subject to carbon taxes which are anticipated to increase steadily over 
time. Currently, there are no carbon tax regulations in North America, but this could 
change over time.
Many of our downstream markets are positioning their value proposition on a 
low-carbon footprint with science-based decarbonisation commitments, including 
net zero by 2050, gaining momentum. This will apply pressure on our business to 
decarbonise to support these commitments within our value chains.
As legislation and customer preferences shift to low-carbon impact, achieving our 
science-based decarbonisation trajectory will be a key enabler for future-proofing 
our business as we focus our growth strategy on circular, nature-based solutions 
for a low-carbon economy. Not being able to realise our decarbonisation strategy 
through improved energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy represents 
a significant reputational and financial risk.
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Time 
frame
Financial 
impact (pa)
Mitigation
Financial cost 
of mitigation (pa)
Medium to 
long term
US$20 million to 
US$180 million
We have developed a climate transition 
roadmap and capital allocation strategy 
to achieve our 2030 targets and we have 
also committed to using our influence to 
encourage our major suppliers to set their 
own SBTs.
We acknowledge that the decarbonisation 
of our South African assets will be more 
challenging than in our other operating regions. 
Our mills in this report are all reliant on 
coal-based power for a significant proportion 
of their energy requirements. The South African 
energy landscape is heavily dependent on coal, 
which is an abundant resource in the country. 
Accordingly, our decarbonisation roadmap 
for the region assumes that we will have to 
invest in our own renewable energy assets. 
We are actively investigating opportunities 
for investment in solar, wind and biomass 
power assets and will furthermore continue 
to collaborate and explore opportunities 
for purchasing renewable energy from 
independent power producers. 
Within the context of South Africa’s national 
dependency on coal and high levels of 
unemployment and social inequality, we 
recognise that a just transition is critical for 
South Africa. We will therefore use our influence 
to collaborate with other business leaders, 
communities and government stakeholders 
to advocate for a just transition where no one 
is left behind.
US$60 million to  
US$70 million
(Estimated SBTi capital 
requirement per annum).
Timeframe: 
Short term 1 – 2 years, medium term 3 – 5 years, long term 5 – 30 years
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Sappi’s climate-related opportunities
Opportunity
Description
Transition opportunity
Changing 
consumer 
behaviour and 
preference for 
renewable, 
circular, 
low-carbon 
products
The global demand for sustainable packaging solutions is prompting increasing investment 
and collaboration to develop innovative solutions to cater to changing customer preferences. 
Paper-based packaging being renewable and circular emerges as an excellent substitute for less 
eco-friendly options. By capitalising on our sustainable packaging solutions, we aim to address 
the growing demand for a wider range of paper-based packaging products.
Likewise, the surge in demand for sustainable textile fibres opens up possibilities for our 
dissolving wood pulp business. Our prominent role in supplying pulp to the lyocell fibre market 
positions us favourably, given the improved environmental impact of lyocell fibres, which are 
expected to double in market share over the next five years. 
Beneficiation 
of wood 
byproducts
Furfural is an important biobased platform chemical which is used in a wide variety of 
applications including foundry resins, solvents and crop protection products. In many cases, 
biobased furfural replaces products which would otherwise be made from fossil fuels. Sappi has 
developed innovative technology for the production of furfural using the hemicellulose co-product 
of our DWP operations. By using this co-product, we are able to maximise the portion of the 
tree used to make renewable value-added products. The Sappi technology is fully integrated 
with the pulp production technology, enabling a significant reduction in the carbon footprint of 
furfural production.
Operational opportunity
Reduced 
operating 
costs through 
energy 
efficiency 
and use of 
renewable 
energy
The pulp and paper manufacturing processes require a substantial amount of energy, 
contributing significantly to our GHG emissions. In numerous regions where our operations are 
situated, renewable fuel sources like biomass prove to be more cost-effective than traditional 
fossil fuels such as coal and gas. Furthermore, there is an expectation that renewable power, 
available for purchase, will progressively become more economical than power derived from 
fossil fuels over the medium to long term. By improving the efficiency of our energy plants and 
manufacturing operations and fostering adaptability to employ diverse fuel sources, we have the 
opportunity to potential to achieve cost savings.
Increased 
resilience of 
plantations to 
impacts of 
climate 
change
Sappi’s tree improvement programmes are aimed at increasing pulp yield produced per hectare 
by testing various species and hybrids across Sappi’s diverse landholdings. As well as growth 
improvements, trees are bred for superior wood properties and resistance to biotic and abiotic 
threats including frost, drought, pests and diseases. Available water is the main driver of tree 
growth in South African industrial plantations. Thus, through tree breeding, breeders are 
developing genotypes that produce more wood with less water. The Eucalyptus genotypes 
that are currently planted, such as Eucalyptus (E,) dunnii, E. grandis x E. nitens hybrids and 
E. grandis x E. urophylla, have much higher water use efficiency (WUE) than pure E. grandis that 
was planted in the past.
Note: Cost to realise the transitional opportunities for packaging papers and biomaterials is focused exclusively on two specific projects (conversion and 
expansion of Somerset Mill PM2 and furfural at Saiccor Mill), which are the two most advanced and likely to reach commercialisation opportunities 
in the current portfolio. R&D initiatives are ongoing in this space and opportunities will be added as they emerge. 
.
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Time 
frame
Financial 
impact
How we realise the opportunity
Financial cost 
to realise opportunity
Short to 
long term
US$100 million to 
US$200 million
To meet the growing demand for packaging 
papers, we have initiated a capital project at 
Somerset Mill to convert PM2 from coated 
woodfree graphic papers to solid bleached 
sulphate (SBS) board. The machine capacity will 
also be increased during the conversion from 
235,000 tpa to 470,000 tpa. The project is 
expected to be completed in early 2025.
US$418 million
Total capex for PM2.
Medium to 
long term
US$20 million to 
US$30 million
Sappi has invested in a pilot plant at Saiccor 
Mill, which has successfully demonstrated the 
technology for furfural production and testing 
of product with customers, and is progressing 
well. A class 10 capex estimate for a full-scale 
plant with the capacity to produce 25,000 tpa is 
being explored.
US$60 million
Total capex estimate for 
25,000 tpa plant.
Short to 
long term
US$20 million to 
US$50 million
Based on our corporate commitment to reduce 
emissions and meet our SBTi targets, together 
with increasing market and regulatory pressure 
to reduce the carbon footprint of our products, 
we have implemented a comprehensive capital 
investment programme to reduce GHG 
emissions. Projects focus on energy efficiency 
and fuel switching to allow replacement of 
fossil fuels in our boilers with biomass and 
renewable energy projects. Many of these 
projects improve the efficiency of our 
manufacturing operations and allow for 
significant savings through fuel and power 
arbitrage opportunities.
US$60 million to  
US$70 million
(Estimated SBTi capital 
requirement per annum).
Medium to 
long term
US$2 million to  
US$10 million
Sappi realises the benefits of its tree breeding 
programme by systematically integrating 
genetically improved trees into operational 
planting programmes. Advanced vegetative 
propagation protocols amplify the production 
of superior genotypes, ensuring plantation 
consistency and quality. The financial impact of 
these initiatives is significant. Sappi estimates 
an advantage of 0.5% – 2% of the standing 
value of its tree plantations in South Africa 
which translates to a benefit ranging from 
US$2.6 million (0.5%) to US$10.4 million (2%), 
representing a competitive edge over industry 
peers. By enhancing fibre yields and plantation 
quality, Sappi ensures a measurable and 
sustained financial return from its tree breeding 
programmes, strengthening its competitive 
position in the forestry sector.
US$3 million to  
US$5 million
The combined direct 
annual R&D expenditure 
per annum of the Sappi 
Nursery Technologies, 
land management, pest 
and diseases and tree 
breeding programmes.
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Metrics and targets
We use a variety of metrics to measure the current and potential impact 
of our climate change-related risks and opportunities including metrics 
related to GHG emissions, water use, forestry certification and biodiversity. 
Given the strategic importance of sustainability, the group’s 
Executive Directors’ remuneration is linked to their contribution 
to the overall success of our Thrive strategy. Specifically, 
a portion of the personal objectives of Executive Directors 
within the short-term management incentive scheme (MIS) 
is directly linked to climate change through emission 
reduction, forestry certification and waste-to-landfill 
performance targets. Additionally, from FY2024 10% 
of the long-term incentive (performance share plan (PSP)) 
is linked to performance against our SBTi targets.
For further details on our remuneration policy, see our 
Remuneration report on page 
 176.
Our performance against our planet targets, which have 
an impact on climate change, is shown below.
Direct GHG emissions are from our energy plants through 
combustion of fuels to generate the power required for our 
manufacturing operations (Scope 1). We also purchase power 
from the grid (Scope 2) and have indirect GHG emissions 
throughout the value chain, mainly as a result of our purchase 
of raw materials, fuel and transportation, which make up the 
majority of our Scope 3 emissions. We are acting across all 
three Scopes and working closely with our partners to reduce 
GHG emissions for our business and our value chain. In 2022, 
our 2030 science-based decarbonisation targets, including 
a Scope 3 advocacy target, were approved by the SBTi. 
We remain committed to zero deforestation in our woodfibre 
supply chains and to maintaining carbon sinks in forestry 
through implementation of best forest management and 
silviculture practices.
FY2024 group performance against 2025 climate targets
FY2024 snapshot of Thrive (2025) and SBTi targets
Sappi KPI
Planet targets
Clean water and sanitation 
Specific process water usage (SSA)
Renewable and clean energy
Share of renewable energy
Specific energy intensity
Responsible consumption and production 
Specific landfilled solid waste
Climate action 
Specific GHG emission
Life on land
Share of certified fibre
Biodiversity (SSA)
SBTi  
targets
Climate action 
Scope 1 and 2
Scope 3 engagement
For more details on performance against planet targets, see our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report at  
www.sappi.com/2024GSDR 
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Global targets for FY2024 for specific total energy and 
specific GHG emissions were not achieved. The primary 
reason for the poor performance against our targets is the 
market-related production curtailment that was required 
during the year which significantly reduced the efficiency 
of our operations. However, the share of renewable and 
clean energy target was achieved. The waste-to-landfill 
target was achieved for FY2024 and exceeded the 
FY2025 goal. Specific water usage is an SSA-specific target. 
The target was not achieved due to incidences of unstable 
operating conditions and product quality challenges which 
required additional water usage as well as lower production 
volumes than planned for FY2024. The global certified fibre 
target >75% was exceeded. In terms of our biodiversity 
improvement target for our own forest operations, 
a cumulative improvement of 21% has been achieved from 
the 2020 baseline condition, well in excess of our target.
Read more on Sappi’s material issues relating to climate 
change, sustainable forestry, water stewardship, resource 
efficiency and minimising waste and biodiversity in our 
2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report www.sappi.
com/2024GSDR 
.
Science-based targets
The FY2024 Scope 1 and 2 emission intensity 
of 0.82 t CO2e/adt was 18% above our SBTi trajectory 
due to ongoing market-related production curtailments 
and the associated negative impacts on energy efficiency. 
However, we achieved a substantial reduction of 13% versus 
the previous year. The improvement was due to excellent 
emissions reductions in Europe and overall improved 
capacity utilisation and operational efficiencies compared 
to the prior year.
FY2024 GHG emissions data and five-year trend
GRI 
reference
Unit
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Scope 1
305-1a
t CO2e/annum
4,180,457
4,368,657
4,182,739
3,579,471
3,287,876
305-4
kg CO2e/adt
723.7
693.7
628.6
717.6
635.1
Scope 1 
emissions from
CO2
305-1b
t CO2e/annum
3,762,801
3,960,852
3,774,529
3,171,556
2,871,056
CH4
t CO2e/annum
363,439.4
354,323.3
354,772.1
355,536.5
363,279.8
N2O
t CO2e/annum
54,216.4
53,481.9
53,437.6
52,379.1
53,539.8
Biogenic emissions
305-3c
t CO2e/annum
6,803,390
6,621,873
6,877,140
6,728,999
6,845,659
Scope 2
305-2a
t CO2e/annum
1,206,691
1,160,564
1,1,333,439
1,082,972
929,692
305-4
kg CO2e/adt
208.9
184.3
200.4
217.1
179.6
Scope 1 and 2  
GHG emissions
305-4
t CO2e/annum
5,387,148
5,529,222
5,516,178
4,662,444
4,217,568.4
t CO2e/adt
932.6
878.0
829.0
934.7
814.7
t CO2e/
US$ million
1,146.70
1,031.40
741.7
810.7
772.7
Scope 3
305-3a
t CO2e/annum
3,330,897
3,476,733
3,750,363
3,445,407
3,741,168
305-4
kg CO2e/adt
576.6
552.1
563.6
690.7
722.7
Production curtailments continue to impact emission intensity since production is the denominator in the calculation. Sappi’s 
absolute emissions have reduced by 30% since 2019 and benefited in 2024 from the closures of Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills. 
The majority of the sales volumes from the two closed mills were transferred to Gratkorn and Ehingen Mills which have lower 
emission intensity, thereby positively reducing both the absolute emissions and emission intensity of the European region.
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Group absolute GHG emissions six-year trend
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Group absolute GHG emissions
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
6,687,047
1,553,109
● Scope 1 ● Scope 2 
   Production
5,776,650
6,297,483
6,654,215
4,988,289
5,176,946
1,206,691
1,160,564
1,333,439
1,082,972
933,125
4,519,449
Scope 1 and 2 emissions reduced by 30% since 2019
Scope 1 emissions reduced by 27% since 2019
Scope 2 emissions reduced by 40% since 2019
4,180,457
4,368,657
4,182,739
3,579,471
3,287,418
Although the FY2024 emission intensity remains above our 
SBTi target trajectory, this is to a large extent due to the 
production curtailments and the impact on operational 
efficiencies. The key abatement capital projects that have 
been completed in the last few years are demonstrating 
significant emission reductions.
In terms of the abatement projects, we achieved significant 
reductions in Scope 1 emission intensity in FY2024 from the 
four main projects listed below.
1	
Kirkniemi Mill Scope 1 emission intensity reduced by 85% 
from the 2019 baseline driven primarily by the conversion 
of the coal fired boiler to biomass.
2	
Gratkorn Mill Scope 1 emission intensity reduced by 34% 
from the 2019 baseline due to the conversion of the coal 
fired boiler to natural gas/biomass. Intensity will reduce 
even further as the final phase of the project to handle 
biomass is completed and the boiler converts fully 
to biomass.
3	
Maastricht Mill Scope 1 emission intensity reduced 
by 16% from the 2019 baseline as e-boiler benefits 
were realised.
4	
Saiccor Mill Scope 1 emission intensity reduced 
by 55% from the 2019 baseline due to the sustainability 
investments included in the recent expansion project.
In terms of our engagement target for Scope 3 to have 
44% of our suppliers by spend with SBTs by 2026. Globally 
we achieved 25% with each region achieving the following: 
SEU 28%, SNA 22%, SSA 25%. Unfortunately, delays in SBTi 
finalising their guidance for the chemical sector has prevented 
a number of our suppliers setting SBTs. We anticipate that 
more of our chemical suppliers will join SBTi in FY2025 after 
the guidelines are published for the sector.
In 2024 we have intensified our supplier engagement 
by sending out questionnaires to all our Tier 1 suppliers 
to collect primary Scope 3 emissions data. This is a 
necessary step to more accurately measure and monitor 
our Scope 3 emissions. Engaging also leads to informing 
suppliers of the importance of climate change and reducing 
environmental impact. We are still developing our process 
for further engagement and increasing spend with suppliers 
who have demonstrated good performance in terms of 
compliance with our Supplier Code of Conduct, having SBTs, 
having a good performance on EcoVadis and supplying 
primary emission factors for their products.
Limited assurance
In 2023 we engaged KPMG to perform limited assurance 
on the following planet variables:
•	 Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions
•	 Solid waste-to-landfill
•	 Certified fibre
•	 Water usage (SSA only).
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Conclusion
A number of physical and transitional risks and opportunities have been identified 
related to climate change and we continue to monitor developments with respect 
to legislation, markets, technology and disclosure requirements. Further climate-
related scenario analysis for transitional impacts will be undertaken in FY2025. 
Risks, opportunities and financial impacts will continue to be refined.
We believe that we have the right strategy 
to address the risks and opportunities arising 
from climate change and will continuously 
enhance our scenario modelling to expand 
our thinking and ensure that our strategy and 
transition plan remains resilient.
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Much like ships of old navigated through uncharted waters to discover new lands, ours is often 
a journey of discovery as we find new ways to develop technologies that address critical challenges, 
driving progress in fields like renewable energy and biotechnology. 
We are making headway in reducing our carbon footprint through renewable energy projects and we 
have made significant strides in our sustainability efforts. Our milestone Power Purchase Agreement 
with EnPower will appreciably reduce our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions – not only supporting our 
own decarbonisation objectives – but also contributing to the transformation of the South African 
electricity supply industry by providing cleaner and more affordable power.
Sappi is also making headway as we enter exciting new markets with our innovative  
technology for producing furfural using the hemicellulose co-product from our  
Verve cellulose operations. By utilising this co-product, we maximise the  
portion of the tree used to create renewable, value-added products.  
This approach ensures that our furfural production is supported  
by the same sustainability and forest stewardship credentials  
as our Verve production, much like navigating new waters  
with a trusted and reliable vessel.
Headway
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Product review
106        Sappi Annual Integrated Report     2023
Pulp
Our renowned dissolving, high-yield and 
kraft pulps provide a sustainable, versatile 
approach to creating a better tomorrow.
Our dissolving wood pulp (DWP) brand, 
Verve, creates renewable alternatives 
for raw material feedstock to textiles, 
pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs and more.
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“We continue to invest in all three of our 
world-class dissolving wood pulp (DWP) 
production sites – further entrenching our 
leadership position as a trusted source for 
responsible and sustainable DWP.”
Our pulp segment predominantly comprises two product 
categories, namely, DWP and high-yield pulp (HYP). 
Occasionally, excess kraft pulp produced at Somerset Mill 
and Ngodwana Mill is sold externally and included in the 
pulp segment.
Our Verve brand is a significant player 
in the DWP market. With capacity 
of 1.5 million tons per annum and 
15% share of the DWP market, 
Verve is a truly sustainable brand. 
From textiles to pharmaceuticals 
and food applications, Sappi has 
the expertise, technology and 
track record to meet almost any 
challenge from these DWP market 
segments.
Sappi’s DWP is a highly purified form 
of cellulose extracted from sustainably 
grown and responsibly managed trees 
using unique cellulose chemistry 
technology. The majority of DWP 
is consumed to make apparel, home textiles 
and non-woven products. DWP is converted 
to viscose and lyocell staple fibres. From there, 
the fibre is spun into yarns and ultimately woven 
into textiles, providing naturally soft and breathable 
fabrics which are smooth to the touch, hold colour and drape 
well. The fibres produced from DWP also act as good blend 
partners in fabric with cotton and polyester. Fibres produced 
from DWP, however, far exceed cotton and polyester when 
it comes to sustainability. What consumers want are goods 
that are renewable, biodegradable and have superior 
resource efficiency. This is where fibres produced from 
DWP differentiate themselves versus the alternatives.
Viscose staple fibre (VSF) accounts for approximately 
75% of global DWP demand. VSF is most commonly used 
in fashion, home and decorating textiles as well as non-woven 
applications such as the fibre component in face masks, 
health and hygiene clothing and sanitation. Verve DWP 
provides both the quality and the sustainability assurance 
into this major market segment.
Lyocell represents the next generation of DWP fibres. With its 
sustainable DWP raw material, reduced chemical processing 
and closed-loop systems, lyocell continues to be the most 
sustainable wood-based cellulosic fibre. Our commitment 
to and investment in sustainability shows in that 
approximately 50% of the world’s lyocell fibre is 
manufactured from DWP produced at Sappi’s dissolving 
wood pulp manufacturing sites.
DWP can also be processed into 
products that are used in food and 
beverages, health and hygiene, 
wrapping and packaging, 
pharmaceuticals and many 
more applications that touch 
our daily lives.
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Demand for DWP used in textiles, particularly viscose and 
lyocell fibres, is expected to continue to grow. Based on the 
growth rate in the overall textile market, driven by factors 
such as population growth, rising urbanisation, wealth and 
the shift towards more comfortable, environmentally friendly 
natural fibres, we expect long-term growth in demand to be 
approximately 4% per annum for DWP.
Market prices for DWP are influenced by VSF and other textile 
market dynamics, paper pulp market pricing which influences 
swing mills and US Dollar/RMB exchange rates fluctuations.
Sappi’s Matane Mill, located in Quebec, Canada, has the 
capacity to produce 285,000 tons of high-yield pulp (HYP). 
Approximately 39% of Matane Mill’s pulp production was 
consumed internally within our packaging and paper 
businesses during FY2024, thereby increasing pulp 
integration. The higher level of pulp integration lowers our 
cost of pulp, reduces its volatility on earnings through the 
pulp cycle and provides certainty of supply. External HYP 
sales to third parties are included in the pulp segment.
The pulp produced at Matane Mill is a high-quality, HYP made 
from either Aspen or Maple hardwood. Sappi Matane Aspen 
pulp is a high-yield fibre with good bulk, excellent brightness 
and exceptional drainage. It is ideal for the manufacturing 
of printing paper grades. Sappi Matane Maple is a HYP with 
superior bulk and drainage properties, as well as excellent 
opacity and formation. It is an excellent fibre for the 
manufacturing of paperboard and linerboard products 
as well as speciality papers.
Sales volumes of 1,445,000 tons included 177,000 tons 
of HYP from Matane Mill and 5,000 tons of kraft pulp 
produced at Somerset Mill.
Our markets in 2024 and outlook for 2025
Demand for DWP remained strong throughout the year, with 
selling prices rallying through the second half. Favourable 
market conditions were supported by a tight supply 
landscape following closures at competitors and little 
additional capacity added in the past two years, and strong 
demand buoyed by high VSF operating rates and low 
inventory levels. The hardwood DWP market price1 recovered 
sharply and ended the year at US$960 per ton but overall net 
US Dollar selling prices for the pulp segment were slightly 
down year-on-year.
Sales volumes declined by 5%, or 72,000 tons, compared 
to the prior year primarily due to scheduled maintenance 
shuts at Ngodwana and Cloquet Mills in the first quarter, 
which were not in the prior year, and lower HYP external sales. 
Substantial variable cost savings, mainly attributable to lower 
wood costs in South Africa, boosted profitability of the 
segment resulting in Adjusted EBITDA for the year being 
substantially higher than the prior year with Adjusted EBITDA 
margins improving from approximately 18% to 23%.
The reduction in HYP sales was due to higher integration 
into our own packaging paper assets in North America 
and Europe as packaging market conditions improved. 
Production at Saiccor Mill improved year-on-year due 
to more stable operations.
Dissolving wood pulp market dynamics are expected 
to remain favourable through the first quarter as VSF 
operating rates remain high and inventory levels through the 
value chain are at historical lows. The DWP supply landscape 
remains constrained with no new capacity anticipated in the 
short term. VSF pricing increased through November 2024, 
providing further support for hardwood DWP pricing which 
maintained its upward momentum and increased a further 
US$10 to US$970 per ton since the end of September.
We aim to remain focused on meeting and exceeding the 
needs of our customers. We will continue to capitalise on our 
competitive advantages: our world-class and sustainably 
managed plantations, our geographic positioning and our 
sterling reputation as a reliable partner, to bring our customers 
sustainable products that create shared value for everyone.
Moderate HYP demand growth continues to be driven 
by increased packaging demand due to single-use plastic 
replacement, e-commerce driven packaging demand and 
limited recovered paper availability. Significant board 
capacity expansion has occurred and is planned, particularly 
for Asia, but much of this will be accompanied by integrated 
HYP and other integrated pulp capacity additions. Recession 
is a risk to HYP demand from both paper and packaging 
segments. Our focus remains on meeting our own growing 
need for high-quality, HYP for our packaging and speciality 
papers businesses in Europe and North America, as well 
as external sales to third parties.
1	 Market price for imported hardwood DWP into China issued daily by the 
CCF Group.
In FY2024, the  
pulp segment  
made up 
22% 
of sales revenue
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Product review continued
Packaging and 
speciality papers
Developing and delivering 
innovative, sustainable  
solutions is at the heart of  
our philosophy.
We offer a broad range of  
paper-based sustainable 
solutions as an alternative 
to non-renewable, fossil  
fuel-based packaging in many 
of our product segments.
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Packaging 
and speciality 
papers
“We manufacture innovative packaging 
and speciality papers products and services 
with a commitment to sustainability 
and a circular economy. Working closely 
with brand owners, converters, printers, 
designers and communications agencies, 
we pride ourselves in being a reliable and 
global business partner.”
We have made progress in growing our business with 
a compelling value proposition, a propensity for innovation, 
and a superlative service record. We aim to create solutions 
that solve our customers’ most critical challenges, helping 
them grow their sales, lower costs, improve their 
sustainability metrics, and minimise their risk.
We work in partnerships based on trust and respect. For that 
reason, we place great value on reliability. Our well-maintained 
assets, financial stability, global availability and consistent 
premium quality are vital to our customers.
Sappi offers products and solutions in many different 
product categories including:
Packaging papers and boards
Legislative changes and growing consumer pressure 
are forcing brands to re-think their packaging choices. 
Governments, retailers, brand owners and their consumers 
are demanding paper-based packaging solutions that are 
biodegradable, recyclable, compostable and provide the 
necessary functionality for their applications. We estimate 
that the increasing demand for more sustainable and 
environmentally friendly packaging solutions will lead 
to demand growth of 3% – 6% per year globally, across 
the spectrum of our products.
Sappi’s evolution within this segment is supported 
by the suitability of our technically advanced and efficient 
paper machines for conversion to packaging grades that 
require a variety of surface treatments or coatings for 
functionality. Ahead of commissioning conversion 
projects, we carefully analyse the growth potential and 
technical requirements of a wide range of packaging 
papers market segments to match those 
requirements with our assets, specifically our 
production capabilities and cost of production, 
the cost to serve customers and competitive 
threats. We choose only those projects where 
we believe we hold a significant advantage.
Flexible packaging
Innovative paper-based solutions with integrated 
functionalities such as barrier technology from water, oxygen 
and grease as well as sealing properties are suitable for 
various applications, notably in packaging for food as well 
as non-food markets. Flexible packaging is manufactured 
at our Alfeld Mill in Germany, at our Italian mills, Carmignano 
and Condino and Rockwell Solutions in Scotland.
Paperboard
High-quality coated boards for use in luxury packaging 
applications that require functionality and superior graphics 
across a range of market segments, including health and 
beauty, confectionery, premium beverages and food 
packaging. Paperboard is manufactured at our Alfeld Mill 
in Germany, Maastricht Mill in the Netherlands and Somerset 
Mill in North America.
Containerboard
Includes liners and fluting, for corrugated boxes. Sappi’s 
products are found in applications like consumer packaging, 
shelf-ready packaging and transport packaging for agricultural 
and industrial uses. Containerboard is manufactured at our 
Ehingen Mill in Germany and at our South African mills, 
Ngodwana and Tugela.
In FY2024, the 
packaging and 
speciality papers 
segment made up 
31% 
of sales revenue
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Label papers and self-adhesives
Label papers are used for both wet-glue (cut and stack) 
and wet-strength label processes in beverage, food and 
packaging applications. Our clay-coated kraft and glassine 
release liners provide solutions not only for labels but 
applications such as self-adhesive tapes, medical and 
industrial applications. Label papers and self-adhesives are 
manufactured at our Alfeld Mill in Germany, Carmignano Mill 
in Italy, Cloquet Mill in North America, Gratkorn Mill in Austria 
and Somerset Mill in North America.
Casting and release papers
Used by suppliers in the fashion, textile, automobile and 
laminate industries. Our papers serve as moulds to impart 
textures on other surfaces, ranging from decorative 
laminates and synthetic leather to engineered films and 
rubber. Casting and release papers are manufactured 
at our Westbrook Mill in North America.
Dye sublimation papers
For digital transfer printing with water-based dye sublimation 
inks. Designed for the transfer of an image onto various 
materials, such as apparel, outdoor advertising and home 
textiles. Dye sublimation papers are manufactured at our 
Italian mills, Carmignano and Condino.
Tissue paper
Used for bathroom tissue, kitchen towels, serviettes and 
medical and industrial wipes. Tissue paper is manufactured 
at our Stanger Mill in South Africa.
We manufacture at sites throughout Europe, North America 
and South Africa, ensuring scale-based efficiencies and 
security of supply. Globally, we are well-positioned to support 
and benefit from the paper-for-plastic packaging movement. 
For example, in 2019, the European Union introduced new 
rules to reduce marine litter by banning certain single-use 
plastic items, alongside a measure which holds those plastic 
producers responsible for the cost of cleaning these items 
from European beaches. Similarly, in 2022, local and state 
legislation in several US states has passed, banning the use 
of polystyrene foam packaging. The industry will also 
be given incentives to develop less-polluting alternatives for 
these products. With our comprehensive product range 
on three continents, R&D centres in each region, sharing best 
practices and collaborating with customers to develop new 
solutions, our customers can expect reliability of supply from 
a broad geographic footprint, and a leader in innovation 
within the sector.
Our markets in 2024 and outlook for 2025
Demand for packaging and speciality papers products 
improved steadily through the year as the destocking cycle 
of 2023 reversed, leading to an overall 8% increase in sales 
volumes compared to the prior year. Market dynamics varied 
across the regions, with North America and South Africa 
experiencing stronger recoveries and returning to full 
operating rates compared to Europe, where downstream 
demand remained suppressed due to lingering poor 
consumer sentiment. Although higher sales volumes and 
variable cost savings were achieved, these gains were offset 
by lower selling prices, leading to margin erosion for the 
segment. Adjusted EBITDA margins for the segment 
decreased from 12.2% last year to 7.4% in FY2024.
Demand for packaging and speciality papers in North America 
is particularly robust and our customers are actively seeking 
to increase their volumes with Sappi. In November 2022, the 
board approved a US$418 million investment at Somerset 
Mill to convert PM2 from coated woodfree graphic papers 
to SBS board. The machine capacity will be increased during 
the conversion from 235,000 tons to 470,000 tons per annum. 
The project is progressing well and on track to start-up 
in April 2025. The FY2024 capital expenditure on the project 
was approximately US$160 million and the estimated spend 
for FY2025 is US$157 million. Refer to Letter to the 
stakeholders – Grow our business section of this report 
on page 
 30 for further information on investments made 
in our packaging and speciality papers segment. These 
strategic investments are integral to our Thrive strategy 
to reduce exposure to declining graphic papers markets and 
increased capacity in growing packaging papers markets.
The long-term favourable outlook for our sustainably 
produced packaging and speciality papers products remains 
unchanged, and demand from our customers in South Africa 
and North America is healthy. Sappi is well-positioned to 
benefit from the additional paperboard capacity from the 
conversion and expansion of Somerset Mill PM2 that will start 
up in the third quarter. However, challenges persist in the 
short term in Europe as market recovery is taking longer than 
expected and we therefore do not expect any meaningful 
volume recovery in the region in the first quarter of the 
financial year.
2024
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Graphic  
papers
Product review continued
Our wide range of brilliant, 
high-performing graphic 
papers create impactful 
brand experiences.
When companies build brands, 
selecting the right paper can 
mean the difference between 
creating something average and 
something memorable.
120
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

2024
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Graphic 
papers
“At Sappi, we understand this 
difference and use our expertise 
to develop a variety of graphic 
papers designed to meet specific 
needs, whether a premium product 
for delivering a premium brand 
message, a comprehensive 
solution that caters to numerous 
requirements or a paper that is more 
budget friendly. We at Sappi deliver 
so that brands can have a more 
memorable impact.”
Our markets in 2024 and outlook for 2025
Paper markets remained subdued throughout the year, 
with the expected recovery in demand after the prolonged 
destocking phase of 2023 unfolding more slowly than 
anticipated.
Graphic papers sales volumes were up 2% from the previous 
year but the pace of recovery slowed as the year progressed, 
which suggests a likely permanent structural shift in demand. 
Lower selling prices were partially mitigated by variable cost 
savings. The closure of the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills 
significantly reduced the fixed cost base and enhanced 
European capacity utilisation, contributing to improved 
profitability of the segment compared to the prior year. 
The graphic papers segment generated Adjusted EBITDA 
of US$259 million with Adjusted EBITDA margins increasing 
from 9.7% in the prior year to 10.2%.
Graphic papers markets have experienced a permanent 
structural decline through FY2024 and are expected 
to resume the historical 6% – 8% decline through FY2025. 
Globally there is significant overcapacity. However, we have 
proactively reduced our capacity in Europe to align with our 
anticipated market share of demand and will remove further 
capacity in FY2025 as we ramp up the wet strength label 
production on Gratkorn Mill PM9. In North America, post the 
conversion of Somerset Mill PM2, we will continue to meet 
the needs of our graphic papers customers while fully 
utilising our assets.
The four major grades of graphic papers are discussed below:
Coated woodfree paper
Printers and publishers use coated woodfree paper for 
a variety of marketing promotions including brochures, 
catalogues, calendars, corporate reports, direct mail, books 
and magazines. Coated woodfree paper provides a smooth 
and uniform surface for optimal print fidelity. We manufacture 
coated woodfree paper in our North American and European 
businesses, but sell to customers all over the world. Coated 
woodfree paper products are sold through large paper 
merchants, as well as directly to commercial printers.
Demand trends: The share of global advertising spend 
relative to print is expected to continue to decline. However, 
we believe there will always be a place for paper within the 
marketing mix. Globally, demand for coated woodfree paper 
is forecast to decline from approximately 21 million tons 
in 2019 to approximately 13.8 million tons by 2025.
Sales: Sappi’s sales volumes for coated woodfree paper 
increased 5% from last year but sales revenue was 7% lower, 
due to a challenging macroeconomic environment where 
demand for graphic papers remained suppressed. Globally, 
demand for coated woodfree paper marginally increased 
from the approximately 16% decline experienced in the 
prior year.
Coated mechanical paper
Coated mechanical paper is primarily used in magazines, 
catalogues, newspaper inserts and other advertising 
materials. Sappi’s coated mechanical paper sales all come 
from our European business. Customers for this paper 
are typically large web printers, publishers, retailers 
and cataloguers.
Product review continued
122
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Newsprint paper
Newsprint is manufactured from mechanical and bleached 
chemical pulp, with uses including the printing of newspapers 
and advertising inserts. We manufacture and sell newsprint 
from our South African business.
Demand trends: Demand for newsprint is principally derived 
from newspaper circulation and overall retail advertising. 
Newspaper readership is declining around the world. 
This industry segment was hard hit by the challenging 
macroeconomic environment with an estimated drop 
in demand of approximately 4% during the current year and 
an estimated decline of 5% – 6% annually through to 2028. 
Publishers are consolidating, while some titles have closed. 
Pockets of growth exist in advertising-financed daily 
newspapers typically found in large metropolitan cities.
Sales: Newsprint volumes continue to be impacted by 
the volatile and challenging macroeconomic environment, 
however, no production curtailment was necessary in the 
current financial year. Relative to the prior year our volumes 
were 5% down and sales revenue was 11% lower. Globally, 
newsprint demand declined 4% versus 2023.
Demand trends: Demand for coated mechanical paper 
is more closely linked to that of demand for magazines. 
Readership, subscriptions, circulation, pagination and 
advertising revenue continue to decrease in larger markets 
as consumers opt for digital formats.
Sales: Sappi’s sales volumes from coated mechanical paper 
were approximately 11% higher than the prior period, 
however, sales revenue was 6% lower year-on-year, due 
to the unfavourable economic climate. This year, the global 
market contracted by approximately 3% relative to the 
prior year.
Uncoated woodfree paper
Uncoated woodfree paper is used for letterheads, business 
stationery, photocopy paper, books, brochures, envelopes, 
pamphlets and magazines. Sappi manufactures and sells 
uncoated woodfree paper in our European and South African 
businesses. Our main customers in this sector are paper 
merchants, commercial printers and retailers.
Demand trends: Demand for uncoated 
woodfree paper is expected to marginally 
decline over the next several years.
Sales: Our sales revenue from 
uncoated woodfree paper was 
24% lower than last year, largely 
as a result of the strategic 
rationalisation of our European 
assets. Globally, demand 
marginally increased in the 
current financial year.
In FY2024, the 
graphic papers 
segment made up 
47% 
of sales revenue
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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Section 1:
Financial highlights
US$ million
2024
2023
% 
change
Sales
5,458
5,809
(6)
Adjusted EBITDA
684
731
(6)
Operating profit excluding special items
407
432
(6)
Profit for the year
33
259
(87)
Adjusted EBITDA to sales %
12.5
12.6
n/a
Operating profit excluding special items to sales %
7.5
7.4
n/a
Operating profit excluding special items to capital employed (ROCE) %
10.8
12.3
n/a
Net cash (utilised) generated
(306)
210
n/m
Net debt
1,422
1,085
31
Basic earnings per share (US cents)
6
46
(87)
The group reported steady quarterly operational improvements during the year as sales volumes (excluding forestry sales 
volumes) recovered, selling prices stabilised and the fixed cost base was adjusted by the closure of excess capacity in Europe. 
The average operating rate of the group improved from 69% last year to 80% resulting in EBITDA excluding special items and 
the plantation fair value price adjustment (Adjusted EBITDA) of US$684 million and a margin of 12.5%. The net cost of closing 
capacity in Europe at the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills amounted to US$234 million, and combined with the Somerset Mill paper 
machine conversion costs of US$160 million, were the main contributors to the resulting cash utilised of US$306 million for the 
year. The cash outflows were funded by opening cash reserves as gross debt remained stable year-on-year.
The graphic papers segment recorded a 2% improvement as sales volumes recovered during the second half of the year. European 
operating rates improved markedly following the mill capacity closures and the successful transfer of volumes to the remaining 
operations. Net selling prices stabilised, arresting the downward trend of the prior year. Total fixed and variable costs per ton 
reduced by 4% contributing to an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 10% for the year.
“The Thrive strategy provides 
the group with the flexibility 
to adapt to a changing external 
environment.”
Glen Pearce, Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
Chief Financial Officer’s report
124
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 1 continued
Financial highlights continued
restructuring costs of US$280 million and capex 
of US$458 million. Profit for the year of US$33 million 
(LY = US$259 million) included special item costs of 
US$225 million. Adjusted earnings per share reduced from 
US52 cents to US41 cents. The directors declared a dividend 
of US14 cents per share at three times earnings cover 
adjusted for non-cash items.
Segment reporting
Our reporting is based on the geographical location of our 
businesses, ie, Europe, North America and South Africa.
The selected product line information is reviewed by our 
Executive Committee in addition to the geographical basis 
upon which the group is managed. This additional information 
is presented in this report to assist our stakeholders 
in obtaining a complete understanding of our business.
Exchange rates and their impact on the group’s results
The group reports its results in US Dollar and, as such, the main foreign exchange rates used in the preparation of the financial 
statements were:
INCOME STATEMENT
AVERAGE RATES
BALANCE SHEET
CLOSING RATES
2024
2023
2024
2023
€1 = US$
1.0843
1.0679
1.1164
1.0572
US$1 = ZAR
18.5357
18.1791
17.1162
18.9299
Two of our three geographic business units (Europe and South Africa) have home or ‘functional’ currencies of Euro and ZAR 
respectively. The results and cash flows of these two non-US Dollar units are translated into US Dollar at the average exchange 
rate for the reporting period in order to arrive at the consolidated US Dollar results and cash flows. The balance sheet values are 
translated into US Dollar at the closing rates. When exchange rates differ from one period to the next, the impact of translation 
from the functional currency to reporting currency can be significant.
Packaging and speciality papers sales volumes increased 
by 8% as demand recovered across most categories. Selling 
prices were under pressure after the peaks of the previous 
year and reduced by 9% year-on-year. The reduction was 
partially offset by total cash costs per ton reducing by 3% 
resulting in a reduced Adjusted EBITDA margin of 7% relative 
to the prior year of 12%.
Sales volumes for the pulp segment in the prior year 
benefited from the previous year’s high stock levels. 
Although sales volumes in the current year were down 5%, 
the segment experienced strong demand and sales volumes 
followed production output. Net selling prices and total cash 
costs per ton reduced by 1% and 5% respectively. As a result, 
the Adjusted EBITDA margin improved from 18% to 23%.
The group utilised cash of US$306 million after a reduction 
in net working capital of US$29 million, closure and 
2024
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Section 2:
Financial performance
The discussion in this section focuses on the group financial performance in 2024 compared with 2023. A detailed discussion, 
in local currencies, of each of our three operating regions follows in section 3.
Income statement
Our group financial results can be summarised as follows:
2024
2023
% 
change
Sales volume (metric tons ’000)
5,967
6,282
(5)
US$ million
Sales revenue
5,458
5,809
(6)
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs
(3,299)
(3,538)
(7)
Fixed costs
(1,712)
(1,788)
(4)
Sundry items1
(40)
(51)
(22)
Operating profit excluding special items
407
432
(6)
Special items
(225)
(52)
 n/a
Operating profit 
182
380
(52)
Net finance costs
(67)
(49)
37
Taxation
(82)
(72)
14
Net profit
33
259
(87)
Adjusted EPS (US cents)
41
52
(21)
1	 Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to manufacturing operations such as debtor securitisation costs, commissions paid and 
received and results of equity-accounted investments.
Sales volume
In 2024, sales volume decreased by 315,000 tons compared with 2023. The regional and product segment contributions 
to sales volume are shown below:
Sales volume 
Metric tons ’000
2024
2023
%
change
North America
1,410
1,373
3
Europe
1,969
1,909
3
South Africa
2,588
3,000
(14)
Group
5,967
6,282
(5)
Pulp
1,445
1,517
(5)
Packaging and speciality papers
1,348
1,251
8
Graphic papers
2,163
2,124
2
Forestry
1,011
1,390
(27)
Pulp volumes decreased by 5% for the year driven by increased levels of planned maintenance, which was not in the prior year, 
and production disruptions. Market conditions for dissolving wood pulp (DWP) continued to be favourable, supported by tight 
supply and strong demand, which was supported by high downstream viscose staple fibre (VSF) operating rates and low 
inventory levels.
Packaging and speciality papers volumes were up 8% following a rebound in paperboard demand in North America which 
facilitated a return to full paperboard capacity utilisation at the Somerset Mill.
Graphic papers volumes were up 2% for the year. Graphic papers markets gradually recovered from the lows of the prior year 
as the downstream value chain inventories normalised. However, there has been a structural decline in demand from the highs 
of 2022.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
126
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
Capacity utilisation improved to an average of 80% for the group as we reduced production downtime to 743,000 tons 
compared to 1.9 million tons in the prior year following the closure of capacity at the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills. Operating 
rates in our European graphic papers assets increased substantially during the year due to the successful transfer of sales 
volumes from the closed Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills.
Sales volume to capacity
2024
%
2023
%
North America
78
74
Europe
75
55
South Africa
87
89
Group
80
69
Sales revenue
Consolidated sales volumes (including forestry volumes) were down on last year as discussed above, resulting in sales revenue 
reducing by US$351 million. The weaker US Dollar resulted in a positive US$20 million conversion impact.
Variable and delivery costs
Variable and delivery costs decreased by US$239 million from 2023. The lower sales volumes accounted for 5% of the decrease. 
Wood costs and energy costs per ton of product sold decreased by 15% and 8% year-on-year respectively while other main 
cost categories decreased between 2% and 7%.
The net pulp purchases and sales of the Sappi group are detailed in the graph below.
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
(200)
(400)
(600)
Sappi group pulp (US$ million)
Europe
North America
South Africa
Sappi group
(391)
175
820
604
Net pulp sales
● Net sales ● Net purchases  
The table below reflects the breakdown of variable and delivery costs by type.
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs
US$ million
2024
2023 
% 
change
Wood
714
829
(14)
Energy
529
569
(7)
Chemicals 
823
852
(3)
Pulp and other
784
835
(6)
Delivery
449
453
(1)
Group
3,299
3,538
(7)
2024
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Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
Fixed costs
Fixed costs decreased by US$76 million from fiscal 2023 following the closure of the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills. The decrease 
in ‘Other’ is mainly a change to inventory movement during fiscal 2024 as a result of a stock increase. The stronger Euro resulted 
in an increase in US Dollar costs (US$3 million). Excluding the currency impact, fixed costs decreased by US$79 million.
Details of the make-up of fixed costs are provided in the table below.
Fixed costs
US$ million
2024
2023
% 
change
Personnel
1,035
1,024
1
Maintenance
235
248
(5)
Depreciation
272
292
(7)
Other
170
224
(24)
Group
1,712
1,788
(4)
Adjusted EBITDA and operating profit excluding special items
Adjusted EBITDA decreased to US$684 million, 6% lower than the previous year. Operating profit excluding special items 
decreased from US$432 million last year to US$407 million in 2024.
The EBITDA bridge reflected in the graph below shows the impact on profitability from lower selling prices offset by higher sales 
volumes (excluding forestry sales volumes), reduced variable and fixed costs.
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Reconciliation of EBITDA excluding special items: 2024 compared to 20231 (US$ million)
FY2023
Adjusted
EBITDA*
FY2024
Adjusted
EBITDA*
FY2024
EBITDA**
Plantation 
price fair 
value 
adjustment
Sales
volume
Price
and mix
Currency
conversion
Currency
conversion
Currency
conversion2
Variable 
and delivery 
costs
Fixed
costs
Other
731
30
(401)
20
245
(6)
79
(3)
(11)
684
1
685
Fixed costs
Variable and 
delivery costs
Sales revenue
Notes:
1	 All variances were calculated excluding Sappi Forestry.
2	 ‘Currency conversion’ reflects translation and transactional effect on consolidation.
*	 Adjusted EBITDA = EBITDA excluding special items and plantation price fair value adjustment.
**	 EBITDA = EBITDA excluding special items.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
128
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
The tables below detail the Adjusted EBITDA of the business for both 2024 and 2023 and the margins of each.
Adjusted EBITDA by region
US$ million
2024
2023
North America
201
267
Europe
129
124
South Africa
340
332
Corporate and other
14
8
Group
684
731
25
20
15
10
5
0
Adjusted EBITDA margin by region (%)
North America
Europe
South Africa
Sappi group
14.8
4.7
22.2
12.6
23.6
5.5
11.4
12.5
● 2023 ● 2024 
Adjusted EBITDA by product category
US$ million
2024
2023
Pulp
284
238
Packaging and speciality papers
127
214
Graphic papers
259
271
Other
14
8
Group
684
731
Operating profit excluding special items by region
US$ million
2024
2023
North America
110
175
Europe
33
8
South Africa
252
244
Corporate and other
12
5
Group
407
432
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
20
15
10
5
0
Operating profit excluding special items margin by region (%)
North America
Europe
South Africa
Sappi group
9.7
0.3
16.3
7.4
17.5
1.4
6.3
7.5
● 2023 ● 2024 
Operating profit excluding special items by product category
US$ million
2024
2023
Pulp
171
162
Packaging and speciality papers
66
119
Graphic papers
158
145
Other
12
6
Group
407
432
In the chart below, 60% of the group’s Adjusted EBITDA originates from growing markets in the pulp and packaging and 
speciality papers segments. The graphic papers segment, which contributes 38% of the Adjusted EBITDA remains an important 
strategic component as we focus on the commercial print market.
Adjusted EBITDA by product 
2024: US$684 million
● Pulp 
284
● Packaging and speciality papers 
127
● Graphic papers 
259
● Unallocated and eliminations 
14
2024
For information regarding the financial performance of the regions, please refer to section 3 of this report.
Key operating targets
Our financial targets and performance against the key operating targets are dealt with in the Our strategy and performance section.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
130
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
Special items
Special items consist of those items which management believe are material by nature or amount, to the results for the year and 
require separate disclosure. A breakdown of special items for 2024 and 2023 is reflected in the table below:
Special items – gain/(loss)
US$ million
2024
2023
Plantation price fair value adjustment
–
123
Net restructuring provisions
(134)
(77)
Profit/(loss) on disposal, written-off assets and incremental costs
(3)
3
Asset impairments reversals/(impairments)
24
(233)
Reversal of loss/(loss) on held-for-sale assets
–
181
Profit/(loss) on disposal of held-for-sale assets
10
(1)
Insurance recoveries
5
7
Fire, flood, storm and other events
(127)
(55)
Total
(225)
(52)
The net impact of special items in 2024 was US$225 million. The major components are described below:
•	 Restructuring provisions of US$134 million were raised largely related to the closure of our Lanaken Mill
•	 Fixed asset impairments reversals of US$30 million and US$3 million were recognised at our Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills 
respectively. This was offset by fixed asset impairments at our Westbrook Mill of US$5 million and intangible asset impairments 
of US$4 million incurred within our European segment
•	 A profit on held-for-sale assets of US$10 million was recorded on the sale of our Stockstadt Mill
•	 Insurance recoveries of US$5 million largely relate to insurance claims on fire damaged plantations in South Africa
•	 A number of additional special item charges were recorded which include among others Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills closure 
costs of US$54 million, business interruption losses at Ehingen, Kirkniemi, Somerset, Saiccor and Ngodwana Mills amounting 
to US$38 million, fire and snow damaged timber of US$20 million, incremental insurance costs of US$3 million and a pension 
settlement loss of US$2 million.
Net finance costs
US$ million
2024
2023
Finance costs
104
107
Finance income
(28)
(48)
Net foreign exchange gains
(9)
(10)
Total
67
49
Finance costs of US$67 million were higher than the prior year due to lower average cash balances.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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Section 2 continued
Financial performance continued
Taxation
A regional breakdown of the tax charge is provided below.
US$ million
Profit/(loss) 
before tax
Tax 
(charge)/relief
Effective 
tax rate 
%
Europe
(214)
(13)
(6)
North America
98
(22)
22
South Africa
231
(46)
20
Total
115
(82)
71
The difference between the European effective and statutory tax rate is due to the utilisation of assessed losses on profits 
in Austria and Finland and unrecognised losses in Belgium and Germany originating from the closure costs incurred at the 
Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills.
The North American effective tax rates are below the statutory tax rate due to prior year adjustment credits.
The South African effective tax rate is below the statutory tax rate, mainly due to special tax allowances.
Net profit, earnings per share and dividends
After taking into account net finance costs and taxation, our net profit and earnings per share for 2024, with comparatives 
for 2023, were as follows:
US$ million
2024
2023
Operating profit
182
380
Net finance costs
67
49
Profit before taxation
115
331
Taxation
82
72
Profit for the period
33
259
Weighted average number of shares issued (millions)
582.4
563.6
Basic earnings per share (US cents)
6
46
The directors have elected to declare a dividend of US14 cents per share at three times earnings cover adjusted for non-cash 
items amounting to a gross dividend of approximately US$84 million (FY2023 = US$84 million).
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
132
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 3:
Regional business performance
Below we discuss the performance of the regional businesses. The discussion is based 
on performance in local currencies as we believe this facilitates a better understanding 
of the revenue and costs in the European and South African operations.
North America
Metric tons ’000
2024
2023
% 
change
Sales volume
1,410
1,373
3
Pulp
437
483
(10)
Packaging and speciality papers
456
375
22
Graphic papers
517
515
0
US$ million
2024
US$ million
 2023
% 
change
US$ per ton 
2024
US$ per ton 
2023
% 
change
Sales
1,759
1,810
(3)
1,248
1,318
(5)
Variable manufacturing and 
delivery costs
(1,048)
(1,061)
(1)
(743)
(773)
(4)
Contribution
711
749
(5)
505
545
(7)
Fixed costs
(568)
(551)
3
(403)
(401)
0
Sundry items and consolidation 
entries
(33)
(23)
43
(24)
(17)
41
Operating profit excluding 
special items
110
175
(37)
78
127
(39)
Adjusted EBITDA
201
267
(25)
143
194
(26)
Capacity utilisation improved by 4% to 78% in North America as sales volumes increased by 3%. Strong demand recovery 
in the packaging and speciality papers segment was offset by a reduction in pulp sales. Net selling prices were under pressure 
as variable costs reduced and supply chains normalised. As a result, contribution margins per ton reduced by 7% to US$505 per ton. 
Fixed costs, which included major shuts at Somerset and Cloquet Mills, were well-controlled in an inflationary environment. 
The strategic project to convert and expand the Somerset Mill PM2 from coated woodfree paper to solid bleached sulphate 
(SBS) paperboard incurred approximately US$160 million capital expenditure during the year. The project is planned to start up in 
April 2025 at a total cost of US$418 million.
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Section 3 continued
Regional business performance continued
Europe
Metric tons ’000
2024
2023
% 
change
Sales volume
1,969
1,909
3
Packaging and speciality papers
465
452
3
Graphic papers
1,504
1,457
3
€ million
 2024
€ million
 2023
% 
change
€ per ton 
2024
€ per ton 
2023
% 
change
Sales
2,167
2,455
(12)
1,101
1,286
(14)
Variable manufacturing and delivery 
costs
(1,457)
(1,637)
(11)
(740)
(858)
(14)
Contribution
710
818
(13)
361
428
(16)
Fixed costs
(663)
(774)
(14)
(337)
(405)
(17)
Sundry items and consolidation 
entries
(17)
(37)
(54)
(9)
(19)
(53)
Operating profit excluding 
special items
30
7
329
15
4
275
Adjusted EBITDA
119
116
3
60
61
(2)
European sales volumes for both packaging and speciality papers and graphic papers improved by 3% relative to the previous 
year. Net selling prices reduced by 14% after peaking at historic highs during the prior year. Similarly, variable costs reduced 
by 14% with energy and chemical costs recording the largest percentage reductions. Fixed costs reduced by 14% following the 
closure of the Stockstadt and Lanaken Mills. As a result, capacity utilisation improved from 55% to 75%, reducing the fixed cost 
per ton by €68 per ton to €337 per ton. The full impact of the closure of the two mills on fixed costs only took effect from the 
middle of the third quarter onwards. Retrenchment and closure costs totalled US$280 million and were offset by the sale of the 
Stockstadt Mill land during Q3 for €43 million (US$46 million). The contract for the sale of the Lanaken Mill subsidiaries was 
concluded on 25 October 2024 for US$44 million (€40 million). Funds were received during Q1 of fiscal 2025.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
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Section 3 continued
Regional business performance continued
South Africa
Metric tons ’000
2024
2023
% 
change
Sales volume*
1,577
1,610
(2)
Pulp
1,008
1,034
(3)
Packaging and speciality papers
427
424
1
Graphic papers
142
152
(7)
ZAR million
2024
ZAR million
 2023
% 
change
ZAR per ton 
2024
ZAR per ton 
2023
% 
change
Sales*
25,505
25,687
(1)
16,173
15,955
1
Variable manufacturing and delivery 
costs
(15,348)
(16,815)
(9)
(9,732)
(10,444)
(7)
Contribution
10,157
8,872
14
6,441
5,511
17
Fixed costs
(7,878)
(7,453)
6
(4,996)
(4,629)
8
Sundry items and consolidation 
entries
2,392
3,017
(21)
1,517
1,873
(19)
Operating profit excluding 
special items
4,671
4,436
5
2,962
2,755
8
Adjusted EBITDA
6,302
6,035
4
3,996
3,748
7
*	 Excludes Forestry.
The South African business delivered another record Adjusted EBITDA of ZAR6.302 billion for the year in a challenging environment. 
A reduction in pulp and graphic papers sales volumes were partially offset by volume increases in packaging papers. Pulp sales 
were affected by vessel delays at the Durban port which increased to 22 days during Q2 and improved to 11 days by the end of 
the year following a concerted effort by port authorities to address port inefficiencies. The reduction in variable costs was mainly 
attributed to lower wood and chemical costs in the second half of the year. Fixed costs were well-controlled taking into account 
the increase in maintenance and insurance costs which were above inflationary adjustments.
Major sensitivities
Some of the more important factors which impact the group’s Adjusted EBITDA, based on current anticipated revenue and cost 
levels, are summarised in the table below:
Sensitivities
Change
Europe
€ million
North America
US$ million
South Africa
ZAR million
Translation 
impact*
US$ million
Group
US$ million
Net selling prices
1%
24
21
304
–
59
Dissolving wood pulp prices
1%
–
3
182
–
13
Variable costs
1%
14
10
162
–
32
Sales volume
1%
7
8
120
–
22
Fixed costs
1%
6
5
73
–
15
Paper pulp price
1%
5
2
8
–
7
Oil price
1%
3
1
2
–
3
ZAR/US$ (weakening)
10 cents
–
–
107
(2)
4
€/US$ (weakening)
10 cents
(1)
(5)
–
(11)
(17)
*	 Based on currency impact on translation of Adjusted EBITDA.
The table demonstrates that Adjusted EBITDA excluding special items is most sensitive to changes in the selling prices 
of our products.
The calculation of the impact of these sensitivities assumes all other factors remain constant and does not consider potential 
management interventions to mitigate negative impacts or enhance benefits.
2024
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Section 4:
Cash flow
In the table below, we present the group’s cash flow statement for 2024 and 2023 in a summarised format:
US$ million
2024
2023
Operating profit excluding special items
407
432
Depreciation and amortisation
278
299
EBITDA excluding special items
685
731
Contributions to post-employment benefits
(24)
(32)
Other non-cash items
(111)
(40)
Cash generated from operations
550
659
Movement in working capital
29
178
Closure and restructuring costs paid
(280)
–
Net finance costs
(41)
(91)
Taxation
(50)
(56)
Dividend paid
(84)
(85)
Capital expenditure
(458)
(382)
Net proceeds on disposal of assets
51
16
Other
(23)
(29)
Net cash (utilised) generated
(306)
210
Lower profitability resulted in lower cash generation from operations of US$550 million (LY = US$659 million). The Stockstadt and 
Lanaken Mills closure and restructuring costs of US$280 million was offset by the proceeds of asset sales of US$51 million largely 
related to the sale of the Stockstadt Mill land. Capital expenditure costs include US$160 million for the conversion of the Somerset 
Mill paper machine. Net cash utilised for the financial year was US$306 million (FY2023: cash generated US$210 million).
500
400
300
200
100
0
Investment in fixed assets versus depreciation (US$ million)
313
319
292
291
272
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
● Cash flow capex 
 Depreciation
351
361
374
382
458
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
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Annual Integrated Report
 

Section 5:
Balance sheet
Summarised balance sheet
US$ million
2024
2023
Property, plant and equipment
3,241
2,886
Right-of-use assets
79
69
Plantations
562
488
Net working capital
489
447
Other assets
317
317
Net post-employment liabilities
(110)
(114)
Other liabilities
(661)
(563)
Employment of capital
4,000
3,530
Equity
2,578
2,445
Net debt
1,422
1,085
Capital employed
4,000
3,530
Sappi has 17 production facilities in nine countries, capable of producing approximately 3.7 million tons of pulp and 4.6 million tons 
of paper. For more information on our mills, their production capacities and products, please refer to the Where we operate section.
During 2024, property, plant and equipment additions amounted to US$490 million. The capacity replacement value of property, 
plant and equipment for insurance purposes has been assessed at approximately US$20 billion.
Property, plant and equipment
The cost and depreciation related to our property are set out in the table below.
Book value of property, plant and equipment
US$ million
2024
2023
Cost
9,141
9,321
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
5,900
6,435
Net book value
3,241
2,886
Property, plant and equipment additions amounted to US$490 million during the year. This was offset by depreciation 
of US$248 million and transfers to held-for-sale assets of US$78 million. Net impairments reversals amounted to US$29 million.
Plantations
We regard ownership of our plantations in South Africa as a key strategic resource as it provides access to low-cost fibre for 
pulp production and ensures continuity of supply on an important raw material input source.
The South African region has access to approximately 401,000 hectares of land of which approximately 262,000 hectares 
are planted with pine and eucalyptus. These plantations provide approximately 60% of the wood requirements for our 
South African mills.
Our plantations are valued on the balance sheet at fair value less the estimated costs of delivery, including harvesting and 
transport costs. In notes 2, 3, 4 and 11 to the financial statements, we provide more detail on our accounting policies for 
plantations, how we manage our plantations, as well as the major assumptions used in the calculation of fair value.
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
Working capital
The component parts of our working capital at the 2024 and 2023 fiscal year ends are shown in the table below:
Net working capital
US$ million
2024
2023
Inventories
836
777
Trade and other receivables
771
658
Trade and other payables and provisions
(1,118)
(988)
Net working capital
489
447
Optimising working capital remains a key focus area for us and appropriate targets are incorporated into the MISs for all 
businesses. The working capital investment is seasonal and typically peaks during the third quarter of each financial year.
Net working capital increased to US$489 million in 2024 from US$447 million in 2023. The material movements in working capital 
are discussed below:
•	 Inventories increased by US$59 million, caused mainly due to increased inventory levels and an unfavourable currency 
translation impact of US$34 million
•	 Receivables increased by US$113 million on higher sales volumes and an unfavourable currency translation impact 
of US$22 million
•	 Payables increased by US$130 million largely due to increases in capital, bonus and rebate accruals, and a favourable currency 
translation impact of US$58 million.
Post-employment liabilities
We operate various defined benefit pension/lump sum plans, post-employment healthcare subsidies and other employee 
benefits in the various countries in which we operate. A summary of defined benefit assets and liabilities (pension and 
post-employment healthcare subsidies) is as follows:
Defined benefit liabilities
US$ million
2024
2023
Defined benefit obligation
(529)
(481)
Fair value of plan assets
Asset ceiling
422
(3)
373
(5)
Net balance sheet liability
(110)
(113)
Cash contributions to defined benefit plans/subsidies
24
28
Income statement charge/(credit) to profit or loss
(15)
(24)
Cash contributions deemed ‘catch-up’*
14
18
*	 ‘Catch-up’ is cash contributions paid to defined benefit plans in excess of current service cost.
Gross liabilities from all our plans increased by US$48 million from US$481 million to US$529 million over the year. The main 
driver of the overall increase in gross liabilities was a drop in discount rates due to falling yields in respective bond markets.
Fair value of plan assets increased by US$49 million from US$373 million to US$422 million. Significant portions of our assets 
are held in bonds as part of liability matching strategic allocations. An equivalent increase is therefore seen in asset returns 
across the group, mostly relating to the North American plan assets, with higher-than-expected returns being achieved.
Included in the liability and asset movements above is a US$7 million loss resulting from movements relative to the 
reporting currency.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
30
20
10
0
(10)
(20)
(30)
(40)
(50)
(60)
(70)
(80)
Sappi Limited defined benefit pensions balance sheet movement (US$ million)
2023
net liability
Pension
charge
Employer
contributions paid
Actuarial
gains
2024
net liability
Translation
effect
(5)
4
18
(9)
(42)
(34)
20
10
0
(10)
(20)
(30)
(40)
(50)
(60)
(70)
(80)
(90)
Sappi Limited post-retirement medical aid subsidy balance sheet movement (US$ million)
2023
net liability
Pension
charge
Employer
contributions paid
Actuarial
gains
2024
net liability
Translation
effect
(2)
(3)
6
(6)
(71)
(76)
Equity
Year-on-year, equity increased by US$133 million to US$2,578 million as summarised below:
Equity reconciliation
US$ million
2024
Equity as at September 2023
2,445
Profit for the year
33
Dividend paid
(84)
Issue of shares
59
Share-based movements
6
Movement in hedging reserves
17
Actuarial losses
(1)
Foreign currency movements
103
Equity as at September 2024
2,578
The group realised a profit for the year of US$33 million. Additionally, shares to the value of US$59 million were issued 
as settlement of our residual convertible bond, a share-based charge of US$6 million was recorded, hedging gains amounted 
to US$17 million and foreign currency movements resulted in an increase of US$103 million. These were offset by the dividend 
declared of US$84 million and actuarial losses of US$1 million.
2024
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
Debt
Debt is a major source of funding for the group. In the management of debt, we focus on net debt, which is the sum of current 
and non-current interest-bearing borrowings and bank overdrafts, net of cash and cash equivalents.
Debt funding structure
The Sappi group principally takes up debt at two legal entities. Sappi Southern Africa Limited issues debt in the local South African 
market for its own funding requirements and Sappi Papier Holding GmbH (SPH), which is Sappi’s international holding company, 
issues debt in the international money and capital markets to fund our non-South African businesses. SPH’s long-term debt 
is supported by a Sappi Limited guarantee and the financial covenants on certain of its debt agreements are based on the ratios 
of the consolidated Sappi Limited group. The covenants applicable to the debt of these two entities and their respective credit 
ratings are discussed below.
The diagram below depicts our debt funding structure.
Sappi Southern Africa (SSA)
* Sappi Limited provides guarantees for long-term non-South African debt.
Sappi Limited guarantee*
Sappi Limited
Sappi Europe (SEU)
Non-South African debt
South African debt
Sappi North America (SNA)
Sappi Trading
Sappi Papier Holding GmbH (SPH)
Below we highlight the main financing activities that occurred during the year:
•	 New €150 million seven-year OeKB bank term loan
•	 Conversion of the ZAR1.8 billion SSA convertible bond to equity
•	 Refinancing the ZAR1.5 billion SSA08 bond maturity in South Africa with a new local bond issue.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
Structure of net debt and liquidity
We consider the group liquidity position to be strong, with cash holdings of US$317 million at financial year end, and 
US$692 million of unutilised committed RCFs.
The structure of our net debt as at September 2024 and 2023 is summarised below:
US$ million
2024
2023
Long-term debt
1,611
1,397
Senior unsecured debt
1,286
1,213
Securitisation funding
293
280
IFRS 16 Leases*
95
91
Less: Short-term portion
(63)
(187)
Net short-term debt/(cash)
(188)
(312)
Overdrafts, RCF and short-term loans
65
101
Short-term portion of long-term debt
63
187
Less: Cash
(317)
(601)
Net debt
1,422
1,085
*	 IFRS 16 accounting standard adopted from fiscal 2020.	
Movement in net debt
The movement of our net debt from fiscal 2023 to fiscal 2024 is summarised in the table below:
US$ million
Net debt at September 2023
1,085
Increase of IFRS 16 Leases
23
Convertible bond conversions
(58)
Net cash utilised in 2024
306
Currency translation, fair value and other non-cash adjustments
66
Net debt at September 2024
1,422
2024
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
Group debt profile
We show the major components and maturities of our net debt as at September 2024 below. These are split between the debt 
in South Africa and the debt outside South Africa.
MATURITY 
(SAPPI FISCAL YEARS)
Amount  
US$ million
Interest
  rates (local
  currencies)
Fixed/
variable
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
South Africa
SAA10 public bond
35
9.50%
Variable
35
SAA11 public bond
35
9.66%
Variable
35
SAA12 public bond
18
9.80%
Variable
18
Gross debt
88
Less: Cash
(113)
(113)
Net South African debt
(25)
(113)
35
53
Non-South African
Securitisation (US$)
128
6.80%
Variable
128
Securitisation (€)
165
5.10%
Variable
165
IFRS 16 Leases
95
Various
Mixed
21
17
15
13
29
OeKB term loan 1
167
4.80%
Fixed
20
20
20
20
89
OeKB term loan 2 (CAD)
55
3.90%
Fixed
14
14
14
14
OeKB term loan 2 (€)
47
1.30%
Fixed
12
12
12
12
Other bank debt (€)
65
3.60%
Variable
65
2026 public bonds (€)
268
3.13%
Fixed
268
2028 public bonds (€)
447
3.63%
Fixed
447
2032 bonds (US$)
221
7.50%
Fixed
221
IFRS adjustments
(7)
(7)
Gross debt
1,651
Less: Cash
(204)
(204)
Net non-South African 
debt
1,447
(73)
623
60
505
332
Net group debt
1,422
(186)
623
95
505
385
The majority of our non-South African long-term debt is guaranteed by Sappi Limited, the group holding company.
The debt maturity profile for Sappi fiscal years is shown below:
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2025
2026
2027
2028
2032
2030
2029
2031
2033
65
317
45
293
313
35 45
492
35 20
20
18
50
221
● Cash ● Short-term ● Securitisation ● SSA ● SPH term debt
1	 Excludes IFRS 16 Leases with an average time to maturity of approximately four years.
Chief Financial Officer’s report continued
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Section 5 continued
Balance sheet continued
Credit ratings
Global Credit Ratings: South African national 
scale rating:
Sappi Southern Africa Limited: AAA (za)/A1+(za)/Stable 
Outlook (July 2024)
Moody’s
Sappi Corporate Family Rating: Ba2/NP/Positive Outlook 
(December 2023)
SPH Debt Rating:
•	 2026/2028 Bonds: Ba2/Positive Outlook (December 2023)
•	 2032 Bonds: B1/Positive Outlook (December 2023).
S&P Global Ratings
Corporate Credit Rating: BB/B/Stable Outlook (December 2023)
SPH Debt Rating:
•	 2026/2028/2032 Bonds: BB Stable Outlook (December 2023).
Fitch Ratings
Group Long-Term Issuer Default Rating: BB+ Stable Outlook 
(March 2024)
SPH Unsecured Debt Rating:
•	 2026/2028/2032 Bonds: BB+ Stable Outlook (March 2024).
Conclusion
The Thrive strategy provides the group with the flexibility 
to adapt to a changing external environment. The closure 
of capacity in Europe reset the underlying cost base to align 
with the accelerated demand reduction for graphic papers. 
The strength of the balance sheet enabled the group 
to absorb the costs of the capacity closure taking into 
account the capital expenditure commitments of the 
conversion project at Somerset Mill. Improved systems and 
processes supported the closure decision and aided the 
successful transfer of production to remaining sites 
in Europe. The packaging and speciality papers and pulp 
segments are projected to provide growth opportunities 
and the Thrive strategy is designed to take advantage 
of the opportunities.
The conversion of the paper machine at Somerset Mill 
is scheduled for completion by April 2025. The short-term 
focus of the group will be the ramp-up of volumes on 
the converted machine, manage the macroeconomic 
uncertainties in Europe and reduce the net debt to our 
targeted levels.
The medium to longer-term strategy to invest in growth 
opportunities and achieve our sustainability goals remains 
intact.
GT Pearce
Chief Financial Officer
06 December 2024
Covenants
Non-South African covenants
Financial covenants apply to US$269.2 million of our non-
South African bank debt, the €515 million RCF and the 
non-South African securitisation facility.
The covenants applicable from December 2024 to 
December 2026 are described below and are calculated 
on a rolling last-four-quarter basis and must be met at the 
end of each quarter.
•	 Ratio of group net debt to EBITDA should not be more 
than 4.0 times
•	 Ratio of group EBITDA to net interest expense should 
not be less than 2.50 to 1.
South African covenants
Separate covenants also apply to the RCF of our Southern 
African business.
These covenants are calculated on a rolling last-four-quarter 
basis and require that at the end of March and September 
each year, with regard to Sappi Southern Africa Limited and 
its subsidiaries:
•	 The ratio of net debt to equity at the end of March and 
September is not greater than 65%
•	 The ratio of EBITDA to net interest paid is not less than 
2.5 to 1.
Below we show that for the financial year ended 
September 2024, the group financial covenants were 
comfortably met.
Sept 
2024
Covenant
Non-South African covenants
Net debt to EBITDA
1.98
<4.00
EBITDA to net interest
10.46
>2.50
South African covenants
Net debt to equity
0.66%
<65%
EBITDA to net interest
31.04
>2.50
In addition to the financial covenants referred to above, our 
bonds and certain of our bank facilities contain customary 
affirmative and negative covenants restricting, among other 
things, the granting of security, incurrence of debt, the 
provision of loans and guarantees, mergers and disposals 
and certain restricted payments. As regards dividend 
payments, in terms of the international bond indentures, 
any cash dividends paid may not exceed 50% of net profit 
excluding special items after tax and certain other 
adjustments, calculated on a cumulative basis.
2024
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Rise
144
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

In a world where companies pursue accelerated growth through irresponsible and short-term actions, activities like 
deforestation and pollution, place a collective toll on natural resources. As a company reliant on sustainable woodfibre, 
we recognise the critical role of ecosystem services. By investing in sustainable forestry practices, we build resilience, 
safeguard resources, and potentially reduce long-term costs, all while pursuing accelerated growth in a responsible manner.
It’s vital to focus not only on net-zero targets and reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also on a nature-positive 
approach. We future-proof our business by restoring biodiversity and regenerating ecosystems, aligning with the Taskforce 
on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). We disclose our actions not just because we must, but because we believe 
it’s the right way to secure our existence as a company committed to the circular economy.
Our plantations are designed with sustainability at their core, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services. We integrate 
conservation areas within our plantations, setting aside significant portions of land for active protection. These areas 
include indigenous forests, wetlands and grasslands that serve as habitats for local wildlife, supporting a variety of species, 
some endangered or rare.
While we pursue accelerated growth, we do so with foresight, mindful of the impacts of our actions and the measures 
needed to balance them. Embracing a nature-positive strategy enhances ecological outcomes and drives value creation, 
positioning Sappi to thrive in a future where nature, alongside carbon, becomes a central element of sustainability.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
145
 

Our leadership and executive management
Non-executive Directors
Independent
Qualifications: MSc (Urban Planning)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: October 2022 
(Chairman as of 08 February 2024)
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Sowazi has over 30 years 
senior executive and investment 
management experience and has served 
on numerous boards of both listed and 
unlisted companies. Mr Sowazi 
has a strong commercial and 
entrepreneurial business track record 
and presents with an impeccable 
reputation in the market.
Independent
Qualifications: BSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), HBS PMD
Nationality: British and South African
Appointed: March 2019
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 Metso Corporation (Member of the 
Remuneration and Human Resources 
Committee).
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Beamish, a qualified mechanical 
engineer, brings more than 40 years’ 
experience in management, business 
and leadership in capital-intensive 
industries to the board.
Nkululeko Leonard 
Sowazi (61)
Brian Richard Beamish 
(Brian) (67)
Independent
Qualifications: BSc Hons (First Class)
Nationality: British
Appointed: September 2011
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Fallon brings management and 
leadership experience that extends 
across a wide range of functions from 
research and development, human 
resources, finance, plant management, 
sales and marketing and supply chain 
to general management, including 
mergers and acquisitions.
Independent
Qualifications: BA (Economics)
Nationality: American
Appointed: March 2019
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Lopez brings his experience as the 
former President and CEO of Tembec Inc 
(2006 to 2017) a manufacturer of lumber, 
pulp, paper/paperboard and speciality 
cellulose and a global leader in 
sustainable forest management 
practices.
Michael Anthony Fallon 
(Mike) (66)
James Michael Lopez 
(Jim) (65)
Independent
Qualifications: BCom, CA(SA)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: October 2018
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 Pepkor Holdings Limited
•	 St Mary’s Foundation
•	 Jade Capital Partners Proprietary 
Limited
•	 Jade Foundation Trust
•	 Intocast SA Proprietary Limited.
Skills, expertise and experience:
Ms Malinga has extensive experience 
in investment banking, corporate finance, 
real estate and corporate governance, 
having held senior roles at various 
financial institutions. Ms Malinga has 
leadership and governance expertise 
having served on numerous boards 
as a non-executive director.
Independent
Qualifications: PhD (Chemical 
Engineering)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: March 2017
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 Hulamin Limited
•	 Yokogawa South Africa Proprietary 
Limited.
Skills, expertise and experience:
Dr Mehlomakulu has experience and 
expertise in innovation policy, 
environmental, social and governance 
(ESG) oversight; corporate management 
and leadership.
Zola Nwabisa Malinga 
(46)
Dr Bonakele 
Mehlomakulu (Boni) 
(51)
Independent
Qualifications: BSc (Mathematics and 
Physics)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: August 2010
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Moosa has held numerous leadership 
positions across business, government, 
politics and civil society in South Africa 
and internationally. Mr Moosa has 
expertise in finance, general business 
and mining and is an international expert 
on sustainable development and climate 
change.
Independent
Qualifications: MSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), MDP
Nationality: Dutch
Appointed: October 2015
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 Mepco – Executive board member, 
Acting Group President and Chairman 
of the Strategy and Executive 
Committee.
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Renders currently serves 
as a business consultant as independent 
director and brings to the board his 
extensive experience in governance 
and leadership as well as operational 
expertise in manufacturing and 
packaging internationally.
Mohammed Valli Moosa 
(Valli) (67)
Robertus Johannes 
Antonius Maria Renders 
(Rob Jan) (71)
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Independent
Qualifications: BEcon (Economics)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: September 2022
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 FirstRand Limited – Independent 
Non-executive Director, (Chairman 
of Remuneration Committee, Member 
of Risk Committee, Audit Committee, 
Social and Ethics Committee, Credit 
and Large Exposure Committee and 
Directors Affairs Committee
•	 First National Bank Limited – Member 
of the Board
•	 First Rand Insurance Holdings 
Proprietary Limited – Member of the 
Board
•	 University of the Free State – Council 
Member.
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr von Zeuner holds a Bachelor 
of Economics degree from the University 
of Stellenbosch and is a Chartered 
Director (SA). He served as Deputy CEO 
of the Absa Group at the time of his 
retirement in 2012 after 32 years 
of service in banking. His role as board 
member, aside from the normal focus 
on strategy profitability, sustainability and 
has a key focus on governance status. 
Despite his role change from executive 
to non-executive, Mr von Zeuner has 
been able to continue to play a 
leadership role in the activities of various 
organisations and contribute to growing 
the businesses. He is results driven 
and supports growing customer 
relationships.
Independent
Qualifications: BA, MBA, MIA
Nationality: American
Appointed: October 2022
Other board and organisation 
memberships:
•	 Sonoco Products Company 
Independent Non-executive Director 
(Member of the Financial Policy 
Committee, Employee and Public 
Responsibility Committee and Audit 
Committee).
Skills, expertise and experience:
Ms Istavridis is a seasoned leader with 
international experience, including 
17 years in the United States and 
22 years in Asia in financial services 
and manufacturing. She has deep 
expertise in strategy, finance and global 
operations. Most recently she was 
Executive Vice President at Bank of New 
York Mellon as Head of Global Client 
Management for Asia and later 
Head of Investment Services, Asia 
Pacific. Earlier she served in a variety 
of senior leadership roles including, 
President and Chief Operating Officer 
of Tristate, an Asia-based manufacturer, 
and Managing Director at Bankers Trust 
Company. She is currently 
an independent board member of two 
public companies and has committee 
assignments focused on audit, financial 
policy, employees and public 
responsibility areas.
Louis Leon von Zeuner 
(63)
Eleni Istavridis  
(67)
Executive directors
CEO
Qualifications: BCom, BAcc, CA(SA), 
MBA
Nationality: British
Appointed: September 2012
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Binnie was appointed CEO of Sappi 
Limited in July 2014 and brings extensive 
experience in financial management, 
leadership, corporate activity and 
strategy to the role.
CFO
Qualifications: BCom, BCom Hons, 
CA(SA)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: June 1997
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in 
June 1997 and was promoted to CFO 
and Executive Director of Sappi Limited 
in July 2014. Mr Pearce has extensive 
financial management experience, both 
locally and abroad.
Stephen Robert Binnie 
(Steve) (57)
Glen Thomas Pearce  
(61)
Sappi board committee memberships:
Audit and Risk Committee
Nomination and Governance Committee
Committee Chairman
Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee
Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability (SETS) Committee
Sappi Limited board
Chairman
Lead Independent Director
2024
Annual Integrated Report
147
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Our leadership and executive management continued
Executive management
CEO
Qualifications: BCom, BAcc, CA(SA), 
MBA
Nationality: British
Appointed: September 2012
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Binnie was appointed CEO of Sappi 
Limited in July 2014 and brings extensive 
experience in financial management, 
leadership, corporate activity and 
strategy to the role.
CFO
Qualifications: BCom, BCom Hons, 
CA(SA)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: June 1997
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in 
June 1997 and was promoted to CFO 
and Executive Director of Sappi Limited 
in July 2014. Mr Pearce has extensive 
financial management experience, both 
locally and abroad.
Stephen Robert Binnie** 
(Steve) (57)
Glen Thomas Pearce**  
(61)
CEO of Sappi Europe
Qualifications: MS (Business 
Economics)
Nationality: Dutch
Appointed: September 1992
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Eikelenboom was appointed CEO 
of Sappi Europe on 01 April 2021. 
Mr Eikelenboom was previously 
VP Marketing and Sales for Graphic 
Papers and was integral in the successful 
restructure and refocus of Sappi’s 
European operations.
CEO of Sappi North America
Qualifications: BSc (Paper Science 
and Engineering)
Nationality: American
Appointed: January 2012
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Haws brings his extensive industry 
leadership and strategy experience 
to the business. Mr Haws was integral 
to the development and execution 
of Sappi’s 2020Vision and the 
investments made in North America 
to grow the dissolving wood pulp and 
packaging and speciality papers 
businesses.
Marco Eikelenboom**  
(57)
Michael George Haws** 
(Mike) (61)
CEO of Sappi Southern Africa
Qualifications: BSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), MBA (Financial 
Management and Information 
Technology)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: December 1989
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Thiel has a long history with Sappi. 
His experience and expertise include 
marketing, logistics, procurement, 
strategy and operations across Europe 
and Southern Africa.
Group Head Human Resources
Qualifications: BA Hons (Psychology), 
BEd (Education Management), Masters 
Diploma (HR Management), MBA, LCOR
Nationality: South African
Appointed: March 2015
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Marupen’s experience across 
a variety of industries in South Africa 
enables him to offer insight into HR, 
governance and management, among 
many other fields.
Alexander van Coller 
Thiel** (Alex)  
(63)
Fergus Conan Salvador 
Marupen** (Fergus)  
(59)
** Member of the Executive Committee.
148
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Executive VP of Sappi Pulp
Qualifications: BSc (Chemistry and 
Mathematics), BSc Hons (Chemistry), 
MBA
Nationality: South African
Appointed: August 1991
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Mansoor’s expertise includes 
contract negotiation and management, 
supply chain management, strategic 
planning, sales management, key 
account management, dissolving wood 
pulp, international logistics and technical 
application support.
Group Head of Manufacturing 
and Innovation
Qualifications: BEng (Chemical 
Engineering), BTech (Pulp and Paper), 
MBA, EDP
Nationality: South African
Appointed: January 1993
Skills, expertise and experience:
Mr Kruyshaar has more than 30 years 
of experience in the pulp and paper 
industry with expertise in operations, 
technical management and innovation; 
and has held various leadership positions 
across the group in a range of related 
functions locally and abroad.
Mohamed Iqbal 
Mansoor**  
(57)
Louis Kruyshaar**  
(54)
Group Head Strategy and Legal
Qualifications: BProc, LLM (International 
Business Law)
Nationality: South African
Appointed: December 2011
Skills, expertise and experience:
As an admitted attorney of the High 
Court in South Africa, Mr van Hoven 
brings expertise in corporate, 
commercial and competition law, 
in the private and public sectors, 
as well as experience in mergers 
and acquisitions.
Maarten van Hoven**  
(51)
2024
Annual Integrated Report
149
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Our leadership and executive management continued
Corporate management
Richard Wells  
(54)***
CEO of Sappi Trading
Qualifications: BCom (Accounting), 
BCompt Hons, CA(SA), GEDP, EDP
Ami Mahendranath  
(56)***
Group Company Secretary
Qualifications: BCom FCG, Certificate 
in Corporate Governance
Tracy Wessels  
(49)***
Group Head Investor Relations and 
Sustainability
Qualifications: PhD (Organic Chemistry), 
PMD
André Oberholzer  
(57)***
Group Head Corporate Affairs
Qualifications: BCom (Law), Strategic 
Communication Management 
Professional (SCMP®)
Marjorie Boles 
(54)
Chief Information Officer
Qualifications: BA (Economics 
and Mathematics), MBA 
(Entrepreneurship)
Jörg Pässler  
(63)
Group Treasurer
Qualifications: BCom (Hons) Cum 
Laude, MCom, HDip (Tax), CAIB (SA), 
FT Non-Executive Director Diploma
*** Member of the Group Management Committee.
150
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Annual Integrated Report
 

Sappi Europe lead team
Marco Eikelenboom  
(56)
CEO
Qualifications: MS (Business 
Economics)
Stephen Blyth  
(50)
VP and CFO
Qualifications: BCom (Hons), CA(SA), 
HDip (Tax Law)
Steffen Wurdinger  
(64)
VP Manufacturing and Technology
Qualifications: MS (Paper Technology 
Engineering), Dr.-Ing (specialisation 
in CTMP)
Rainer Neumann 
(62)
VP Human Resources
Qualifications: MS (Industrial Relations 
& HR), MS (Administrative Sciences)
Flavio Froehli 
(53)
VP Marketing & Sales
Qualifications: MBA
Hannes Boner 
(61)
VP General Counsel
Qualifications: lic iur, DHEE, Admitted 
Attorney
Jan Sander Van Tuijl  
(48)
VP Supply Chain & Procurement
Qualifications: MSc (Forestry, 
specialisation Wood Science)
Misa Bursac  
(46)
VP Innovation and R&D
Qualifications: MS (Paper Technology 
Engineering)
2024
Annual Integrated Report
151
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Our leadership and executive management continued
Sappi North America lead team
Mike Haws  
(61)
CEO
Qualifications: BS (Paper Science and 
Engineering)
Anne Ayer  
(59)
VP Pulp Business and Supply Chain
Qualifications: MBA from Stanford 
University, BA (Psychology) from Harvard
Paul Bortolan  
(50)
VP Research, Development and 
Sustainability
Qualifications: BA (Business Economics) 
from the University of South Africa
Deece Hannigan 
(62)
VP Graphics, Packaging and 
Specialties
Qualifications: BA (Political Science) 
from the North Carolina State University
Annette Luchene 
(62)
VP and CFO
Qualifications: MBA from Loyola 
University of Chicago, BS (Accounting) 
from Northern Illinois University
Sarah Manchester 
(59)
VP HR and General Counsel
Qualifications: BA (History) from 
Dartmouth College, JD from Cornell 
Law School
Mike Schultz  
(60)
VP Manufacturing
Qualifications: BS (Paper Science 
and Engineering) from the University 
of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
152
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Sappi Southern Africa lead team
Alex Thiel  
(63)
CEO
Qualifications: BSc (Mechanical 
Engineering), MBA (Financial 
Management and Information 
Technology)
James Manana  
(51)
VP HR
Qualifications: BA (HR Management), 
Advanced Diploma (Labour Law), Institute 
of People Management Diploma, LDP
Pramy Moodley  
(48)
CFO
Qualifications: BAcc, CA(SA), PMD
Tebele Maketha 
(39)
Head of Corporate Affairs
Qualifications: LLB, LLM (Commercial 
Law)
Beverley Sukhdeo 
(57)
VP Manufacturing, R&D and 
Engineering
Qualifications: MBA, BSc (Chemistry), 
DBA
Naresh Naidoo 
(52)
Chief Procurement Officer 
Qualifications: BSc (Chemical 
Engineering), MBA
Graeme Wild  
(52)
VP Sales and Marketing
Qualifications: BSc (Forestry), MBA
Duane Roothman  
(51)
VP of Sappi Forests
Qualifications: BSc (Forestry), MBA
Morgan Moodley  
(55)
VP Supply Chain
Qualifications: B-Compt (AGA SA)
2024
Annual Integrated Report
153
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance
Good governance at Sappi contributes to living our values through enhanced 
accountability, a transparent and ethical culture, strong risk management, a 
focus on effective control of the business, legitimacy and good performance. 
Governance is one of our key enablers to unlocking and protecting value, as we 
optimise the use of our capitals, address our key risks while taking advantage 
of exciting opportunities (refer to Risk management on page 
 44), while 
minimising the negative impacts of trade-offs that have to be made, as set out 
in the presentation of Our key material issues on page 
 68.
Sappi is listed on the JSE Limited and complies in all material respects with 
the JSE Listings Requirements. Sappi subscribes to full compliance with the 
Companies Act, and the relevant laws governing its establishment, specifically 
related to its incorporation. Sappi operates in conformity with its memorandum 
of incorporation (MOI). Furthermore, Sappi endorses the recommendations 
contained in the King Code of Governance™* for South Africa 2016 (King IV) 
and applies the various principles in the achievement of the following good 
governance outcomes.
An application register of how Sappi applies the King IV principles is provided on 
the group’s website https://www.sappi.com/corporate-governance-and-risk 
 .
The group is listed on the JSE Limited and complies in all material respects with 
the JSE Listings Requirements, regulations and codes.
The board of directors
The basis for good governance at Sappi is laid out in the board charter, which 
sets out the division of responsibilities between the board and executive 
management. The board creates and protects sustainable value by collectively 
determining strategies, approving major policies and plans, taking responsibility 
for risk management, and providing oversight as well as monitoring, to help 
to ensure accountability. The board is comfortable that the board charter 
ensures a clear division of responsibilities between management and the board 
and that no director has unfettered authority. The board is satisfied that it has 
fulfilled its responsibilities in accordance with its charter for the reporting period.
For further information about the board and the board charter, please 
refer to www.sappi.com 
The Sappi board and diversity
Sappi operates globally and across a variety of markets, jurisdictions and 
cultures, requiring a diverse mix of experience, skills, gender, age and 
backgrounds. It is important that our board composition reflects this diversity, 
both in a South African context as well as globally. Diversity gives Sappi access 
to an increased range of talent, which helps to provide insight into the needs and 
motivations of a broader stakeholder base.
*	 Copyright and trademarks are owned by the Institute of Directors South Africa NPC and all 
of its rights are reserved.
100%
overall committee 
attendance rate
Sappi is committed 
to the highest 
standards of 
corporate 
governance, which 
form the foundation 
for the long-term 
sustainability of 
our company and 
creation of value for 
our stakeholders.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Board experience (%)
Sappi’s board members have experience across multiple industries and leadership roles
Sustain-
ability
HR and
trans-
formation
Global,
multi-
national
M&A
Finance, 
accounting 
and banking
Forestry, 
pulp, paper 
and 
packaging
Manufacturing, 
industrial 
and mining
CFO 
roles
Chairman 
roles
CEO/
Executive 
Director 
roles
67
58
67
67
50
42
58
33
50
100
154
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

The composition of the board and attendance at board meetings and board committee meetings is set out in the table below for 
the year ended September 2024:
Board
Board committees
AGM
Name
Audit and Risk
Nomination 
and 
Governance 
Human 
Resources 
and 
Compensation
SETS
% 
attendance 
during 
tenure
Independent Non-executive Directors
BR Beamish
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
MA Fallon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
JM Lopez
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
NP Mageza
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
ZN Malinga
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
B Mehlomakulu
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
MV Moosa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
RJAM Renders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
Sir Nigel Rudd
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
93
 
LL von Zeuner
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
NL Sowazi
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
E Istavridis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
Executive 
Directors
SR Binnie (CEO)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
GT Pearce (CFO)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92
 
 Lead director  
 Committee member or invitee (Mr Sowazi was a member of the Audit and Risk Committee (ARC) for the first three months)   
 Chairman  
 Ex officio  
 Absent  
 By invitation  
 Appointed as member of committee on 08/05/2024   
 Appointed as Chairperson on 08/02/2024  
 Retired on 08/02/2024
83
8
17
25
42
42
17
8
33
58
67
Directors’ independence (%)
Directors’ ages (%)
(average 62 years old)
Directors’ tenure (%)
(as at year end) (average 8 years)
Diversity (%)
● Independent Non-executive 
Directors
● Executive Directors
2024
● 40s ● 50s
● 60s ● 70s
2024
● 0 – 3 years 
● Over
● 3 – 10 years 
 
10 years
2024
● Diverse (female or
ethnically diverse)
● Other
2024
2024
Annual Integrated Report
155
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
The following areas will receive specific focus by the board 
in 2025:
•	 Oversight of progress in achieving the Thrive strategic 
plan
•	 Project management and oversight for large capital 
projects, including the Somerset Mill PM2 conversion and 
expansion
•	 Review the technical and innovation initiatives
•	 Review and approval of the 2026 business plan and the 
five-year plan
•	 Monitoring of the geopolitical tensions in Europe and 
the US
•	 Review the progress of the mill maintenance shuts 
scheduled for 2025
•	 Oversight of the company’s climate transition plan
•	 Review of Sappi’s captive insurance entity (strategy, 
governance, insurance claims)
•	 Oversight of HR’s project to upgrade HR system 
technology, including the development of an employee app
•	 Monitoring of voluntary diversity targets
•	 Monitor the actions resulting from the employee 
engagement survey
•	 Review the HR strategy
•	 Monitor developments in the technology landscape
•	 External evaluation of the board.
Induction and training of directors
•	 Following appointment to the board, directors receive 
induction and all directors receive training tailored to their 
individual needs, when required
•	 RMB (sponsor) provided training to the board 
on governance topics, such as directors’ liability, price 
sensitivity, dealing in securities. This includes the 
implementation of online training for officers, executives 
and non-executive directors on various governance, 
regulatory and risk topics.
Stakeholder communication
The board is responsible for presenting a balanced and 
understandable assessment of the group’s position 
in reporting to stakeholders. The group’s reporting 
addresses material matters of significant interest and 
is based on principles of openness and substance over 
form. The reporting includes information on key 
trade-offs that have to be made. Various policies have 
been developed to guide engagement with Sappi’s 
stakeholders such as the Group Stakeholder 
Engagement Policy and Group Corporate Citizenship 
Policy on www.sappi.com/policies 
. Sappi has 
a policy addressing Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) 
and relevant ADR clauses are generally included 
in contracts with customers and suppliers. There have 
been no requests for information for the period under 
review in terms of the Promotion of Access 
to Information Act (South African legislation).
Refer to Our key relationships on page 
 52 for more 
information. 
Strategic and other focus areas
The board focused on the following items in 2024:
•	 Oversight of progress in executing the Thrive strategic plan
•	 Review and approval of the five-year plan
•	 Deep dives into the following topics:
	– Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) fires and fatalities
	– Impact of political instability on Sappi Europe strategy
	– SSA strategy
	– Review and approval of the global shipping tender
	– Post-completion audits of major capital projects
	– Tour of Ngodwana Mill and review of the mill strategy 
and capex projects
	– Review of the macroeconomic outlook, conditions 
impacting on Asia, China, Europe, North America, 
South Africa, and the ramifications for commodities
	– Pulp strategy
	– Global business systems projects, finance and IT
•	 Review of risks and opportunities related to carbon 
emissions and the reduction of Sappi’s carbon footprint, 
in line with the Task Force on Climate-related Finance 
Disclosure (TCFD) recommendations
•	 SSA transformation and succession planning, training 
and development
•	 Monitoring of voluntary diversity targets, in accordance 
with the JSE Listings Requirements relating to the policy 
on the promotion of broader diversity at board level
•	 Monitoring and approval of the restructuring plans for 
Sappi Europe, including closure of:
	– Operations at Lanaken Mill
	– Specific biotech projects in Sappi Europe
•	 Review of the development of the Furfural Pilot Plant 
at Saiccor Mill
•	 Monitoring of the expected economic recovery in Europe 
and North America
•	 Review of regional market peculiarities, performance, 
opportunities and challenges
•	 A review of the Code of Ethics and related policies
•	 Review of the safety report, statistics and initiatives
•	 Review the progress of the mill maintenance shuts in 2024
•	 Oversight of the company’s climate transition plan
•	 Review of IT risks, security and cyber risk developments 
and monitor technology landscape
•	 Reviewed feedback on the 2023 board evaluation
•	 Succession planning (Executive Committee, regional lead 
teams and other key positions)
•	 Executive remuneration overview
•	 HR: Unleashing the potential of our people and HR strategy
•	 Review of share performance
•	 Review and approval of the Group Authorities Framework
•	 Review of the stakeholder relations report and corporate 
social responsibility report
•	 Review of credit exposure (semi-annual)
•	 Review of the loan guarantee schedule
•	 Treasury policy review
•	 Group insurance renewal
•	 Consideration and approval of adoption of fair value 
accounting
•	 Consideration of paying a dividend.
All the top risks as well as emerging risks have been focused 
on by the board during 2024.
156
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Board and management committees have been established and are discussed from pages 
 158 to 169.
Disclosure 
Committee
Control and 
Assurance 
Committee
Accounting
Standards
Committee
Group Risk 
Management 
Committee
Global 
Business 
Systems 
Council
IT Steering 
Committee
Treasury 
Committee
Taxation 
Committee
Group 
Sustainable 
Development
Council
Brand  
Council
Global 
Technology 
Management 
Team
Project 
Steering 
Committees
Sappi’s board committees create and maintain sustainable value by focusing on these key areas:
•	 Strategic leadership and guidance
•	 The board delegates certain oversight responsibilities 
to board committees
•	 Ultimate oversight, accountability and responsibility
•	 The board assigns responsibilities for management of 
the group to the CEO.
Board of directors
Management committees
•	 Financial and 
sustainability systems 
and reporting
•	 Risk management
•	 Compliance and ethics
•	 Combined assurance
•	 Internal and external audit
•	 IT governance.
Audit and Risk 
Committee
•	 Board size, composition 
and diversity
•	 Selection and 
recruitment of directors
•	 Evaluation of board 
performance
•	 Corporate governance 
developments.
Nomination and 
Governance 
Committee
•	 Directors’ remuneration
•	 Succession planning
•	 Remuneration policy
•	 Incentive schemes
•	 Labour and industrial 
relations management.
Human 
Resources and 
Compensation 
Committee
•	 Group corporate 
citizenship
•	 Ethics
•	 Environment
•	 Safety
•	 BBBEE.
Social, Ethics, 
Transformation 
and Sustainability 
Committee
Executive 
Committee
•	 Executive Directors 
(CEO and CFO)
•	 Other senior executives
•	 Execute strategic 
decisions approved  
by the board.
Board committees
The board has established committees to assist it to discharge its duties. The committees operate within written terms 
of reference set by the board.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
157
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Audit and 
Risk Committee
Key roles and responsibilities
The ARC consists of five Independent, Non-executive 
Directors. The committee assists the board in discharging 
its duties with oversight of:
•	 The risk management function
•	 Sustainability and climate change risks including the 
quality and transparency of sustainability information 
presented in the Annual Integrated Report and the external 
ESG assurance provided by KPMG
•	 IT risks, related controls and governance. The committee 
continued its special focus on the increasing threats 
of cyber attacks and security in the operational 
technology area
•	 Non-financial risks and controls
•	 Safeguarding and efficient use of assets
•	 Operation of adequate systems and control processes
•	 The integrity of financial information and the preparing 
of accurate financial reports in compliance with applicable 
regulations and accounting standards
•	 Combined assurance
•	 Compliance with the group’s Code of Ethics and external 
regulatory requirements
•	 The external auditors’ qualifications, experience, 
independence and performance, including a review 
of IRBA reporting
•	 Review and approval of non-audit services, undertaken 
by external audit
•	 The performance of the internal audit function, this 
included review of the results of the annual Internal Quality 
Assurance Review
•	 The performance of the finance function
•	 Group treasury policies, developments, refinancing 
arrangements and liquidity
•	 Captive insurance matters
•	 Risks and governance relating to joint ventures
•	 Retirement fund risks, developments and independent 
assurance
•	 Pending litigation and legal compliance programme 
feedback
Membership 
details at 
September 2024:
ZN Malinga
RJAM Renders
B Mehlomakulu
LL von Zeuner
E Istavridis
•	 Land claims review, initiatives and outlook
•	 Taxation policies, congruent with responsible corporate 
citizenship
•	 Asset impairments and treatment of assets held for sale
•	 An internal review of the committee’s operating 
effectiveness and performance every two years by way 
of an assessment with feedback being provided to the 
board
•	 Review and approval of the Annual Integrated Report 
in a joint sitting of the ARC and the Disclosure Committee.
Strategic and other focus areas
The ARC helped to create and protect value by providing 
oversight and guidance for a wide range of topics, including 
the following areas related to Sappi’s strategy:
•	 Governance and risk aspects of projects to accelerate 
the group’s ability to take advantage of opportunities 
in higher-margin growth segments, such as with Project 
Elevate at Somerset Mill
•	 Oversight of restructuring activities, risks and controls 
relating to the SEU asset sale of Lanaken Mill
•	 Cyber security incidents and disaster recovery plans
•	 Business and IT continuity arrangements
•	 Sappi’s forensic activities relating to cases reported 
and whistle-blower arrangements
•	 Governance and risks relating to joint venture 
arrangements.
Zola Malinga (Chairperson)
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Areas of oversight for the committee in 2025 
will include:
•	 Additional focus on IT cyber security threats and other 
digital developments 
•	 Sustainability risks and revised reporting for ESG matters 
and procedures for financial reporting attestations
•	 The roll-out of the various Global Business Systems 
projects and related risks and control activities 
•	 Capital, IT and business projects governance 
.
For more information refer to the Audit and Risk 
Committee report in our group Annual Financial 
Statements www.sappi.com/annual-reports 
 .
The ARC confirms that it has received and considered 
sufficient and relevant information to fulfil its duties, as set 
out in the Audit and Risk Committee report.
The external and internal auditors attended ARC meetings 
and had unrestricted access to the committee and Chairman. 
The external and internal auditors met privately with the ARC 
during 2024.
Mr NP Mageza was the Chairman and designated financial 
expert and retired from the board and the ARC on 
08 February 2024. Ms ZN Malinga was appointed as 
Chairperson and designated financial expert, on 
08 February 2024.
Mr NL Sowazi resigned from the ARC on 08 February 
2024 following his appointment as Chairman of Sappi 
Limited. Mr Sowazi attends the ARC ex officio.
The committee is satisfied that it has fulfilled its 
responsibilities as set out in its terms of reference.
100%
overall committee  
attendance rate
Stakeholders
The ARC has helped to create and protect value for 
the following stakeholders: employees, customers, 
shareholders and regulators.
Refer to Our key relationships for further details on 
page 
 52.
Risks
The ARC has focused on all of the top 10 risks:
1
Safety
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
7
Climate change
3
Cyber security
8
Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
4
Sustainability expectations
9
Employee relations
5
Supply chain disruption
10
Liquidity
For further details refer to Risk management on page 
 44.
2024
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159
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Nomination and 
Governance Committee
Key roles and responsibilities
The Nomination and Governance Committee consists 
of three Independent Directors. The committee considers 
the leadership and governance requirements of the company 
including a succession plan for the board. The committee 
identifies and nominates suitable candidates for appointment 
to the board in line with Sappi’s policy on the promotion 
of gender and race diversity at board level, for board and 
shareholders’ approval. The committee considers the 
independence of candidates as well as directors. 
The committee makes recommendations on corporate 
governance practices and disclosures, and reviews 
compliance with corporate governance requirements. The 
committee has oversight of appraising the performance 
of the board and all the board committees. The results 
of this process and recommended improvements are 
communicated to the Chairman of each committee and 
the board. The committee had oversight of the actions 
to implement the policy on broader diversity at board level. 
The functioning and performance of Sappi’s board and 
board committees were assessed internally in 2024 and 
established that the board and board committees functioned 
well. The committee reviews of the type of training provided 
to directors, including the online training made available 
during 2024.
Membership 
details at 
September 2024:
NL Sowazi
MV Moosa
MA Fallon
Member of the committee and Lead Independent Director, 
Mr MV Moosa, will retire from the board and the committee 
on 31 December 2024. Ms ZN Malinga will be appointed 
as member of the committee. This appointment is effective 
from 01 January 2025.
Nkululeko Leonard Sowazi (Chairman)
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Strategic and other focus areas
The Nomination and Governance Committee helped 
to protect value by providing oversight and guidance 
in 2024 over: 
•	 Handover process from the outgoing Chairman 
Sir Nigel Rudd to the new Chairman, Mr Nkululeko Sowazi
•	 Corporate governance
•	 Succession plans for senior executives and the board with 
a focus on board composition, chairmanships, rotation and 
replacement of directors, as well as the appointment 
of replacements for direct reports of the CEO
•	 The promotion of broader diversity at board level policy, 
which includes diversity indicators. This included the 
validation of gender and race targets for Non-executive 
Directors and in particular as relates to directors from 
the Southern African geographic region
•	 Assessment of the board and board committee 
performance
•	 Reviewed the Sappi Limited directors’ shareholdings 
and dealings in securities.
Focus areas for 2025 will be:
•	 Optimise board composition for an increasingly complex 
and changing business environment
•	 Consider how best to oversee new and changing risks 
and opportunities (ESG, AI, geopolitical, etc) relevant 
to business and sector
•	 Board succession planning, performance evaluation and 
gender and race targets in light of the recent retirements 
and appointments.
The committee is satisfied that it has fulfilled its 
responsibilities as set out in its terms of reference.
100%
overall committee  
attendance rate
Stakeholders
The Nomination and Governance Committee has helped 
to protect value primarily for the following stakeholders: 
shareholders and regulators.
Refer to Our key relationships for further details on 
page 
 52.
Risks
The Nomination and Governance Committee focused on governance, independence and composition of the board, board 
committees and executive management positions to effectively address all material risks facing the company including all 
the top 10 risks.
1
Safety
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
7
Climate change
3
Cyber security
8
Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
4
Sustainability expectations
9
Employee relations
5
Supply chain disruption
10
Liquidity
For further details refer to Risk management on page 
 44.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
161
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Human Resources  
and Compensation 
Committee
Key roles and responsibilities
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
consists of five Independent Directors.
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
ensures that the policy governing compensation practices 
and structures within the group support the group’s strategy 
and performance goals. The policy also enables the 
attraction, retention and motivation of executives and 
all employees.
The committee ensures that the compensation philosophy 
and practices of the group, including the CEO’s performance 
objectives, are aligned to the group’s Thrive strategy and 
performance goals. It reviews and agrees the various 
compensation programmes and in particular the 
compensation of Executive Directors and senior executives 
as well as employee benefits. It also reviews and agrees 
to executive proposals on the compensation of Non-
executive Directors for approval by the board and ultimately 
by shareholders. The committee is updated on the Industrial 
Relations Climate Training initiatives and engagement survey 
results and action items.
Membership 
details at 
September 2024:
MA Fallon
RJAM Renders
BR Beamish
JM Lopez
LL von Zeuner
Mr NP Mageza retired from the board and the committee 
on 08 February 2024.
Mr JM Lopez and Mr LL von Zeuner joined the committee 
on 08 May 2024.
The Chairman of the committee, Mr MA Fallon, will 
be appointed Lead Independent Director and as such 
will resign as Chairman of the committee, but will remain 
a member. Mr LL von Zeuner will be appointed as Chairman 
of the committee. These changes will be effective from 
01 January 2025.
Michael Anthony Fallon (Chairman)
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Strategic and other focus areas
The 2023 report was supported at the AGM on 07 February 
2024 with a vote of 87.78% on the remuneration policy and 
93.58% on the implementation report. This has been 
a significant endorsement by the shareholders in relation 
to our ongoing commitment to good governance and 
disclosure.
Apart from its normal annual workplan, the key focus for the 
committee was on the following:
Recommended and approved:
•	 The allocation of 2024 performance share awards 
to Executive Directors and all other eligible participants
•	 Salary increases and bonus payments for Executive 
Directors and other key senior managers for 2024
•	 Fee levels for Non-executive Directors of the Sappi Limited 
board for consideration and recommendation 
to shareholders for approval
•	 The allocation model and the comparator peer group for 
the 2024 performance share plan (PSP)
•	 Design the 2025 Sappi Management Plan
•	 The cash flow return on net assets (CFRONA)
•	 Design of a sustainability measure for inclusion in the PSPs
•	 Fees for the board
•	 Discontinuation of the executive bonus scheme.
Reviewed:
•	 The 2023 remuneration report, including the content of the 
company compensation policy and practices, which was 
put to shareholders for a non-binding vote at the AGM 
on 07 February 2024
•	 Development of the 2024 remuneration report for 
shareholder approval in February 2025
•	 The succession, retirement and development plans for key 
management positions
•	 The group’s industrial relations policy and implementation
•	 The group’s training and development policy and 
implementation
•	 The investor feedback on the 2023 remuneration report
•	 The status of all benefits funds.
The strategic focus areas for the committee 
in 2025:
Key activities for the committee in 2025 will be, inter alia, the 
approval of the remuneration and bonuses for Executive 
Directors and senior management. Reviewing and approval 
of measures for both long and short-term incentives. After 
the visits to some key shareholders in end of August 2024, 
the committee will also focus on the following:
•	 Implementation of the Sappi Management Plan
•	 Implementation of the new measures for both the long-
term and short-term incentive plans
•	 Gender representativity across all Sappi operations
•	 Implementation of the changes as recommended by the 
new Companies Act.
In addition to the annual work plan as approved by the 
committee, the Chairman of the committee and senior 
executives from Sappi will, if required, also be visiting key 
shareholders to discuss issues of mutual concern.
The committee is satisfied that it has fulfilled its 
responsibilities as set out in its terms of reference.
For more information refer to the Remuneration report 
on page 
 176.
100%
overall committee  
attendance rate
Stakeholders
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
has helped to protect value primarily for the following 
stakeholders: employees, shareholders and regulators.
Refer to Our key relationships on page 
 52 and to the 
Remuneration report on page 
 176 for further details.
Risks
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee has focused on the following of the top 10 risks:
1
Safety
7
Climate change
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
8
Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
4
Sustainability expectations
9
Employee relations
For further details refer to Risk management on page 
 44.
2024
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163
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee
Key roles and responsibilities
The Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) 
Committee comprises four independent Non-executive 
Directors and the CEO. A 100% attendance record was 
achieved by board committee members for 2024. Other 
executive and group management committee members 
attend SETS Committee meetings by invitation. It should 
be noted that a number of other Non-executive Directors 
attend SETS Committee meetings ex officio. The Chairmen 
of the ARC and SETS Committee attend each other’s 
committee meetings to avoid unnecessary repetition 
of discussions.
The committee’s mandate is to oversee the group’s 
sustainability strategies, activities addressing climate 
change, nature impacts, ethics management, good corporate 
citizenship, labour and employment practices, health and 
safety, as well as its contribution to social and economic 
development and, with regards to the group’s South African 
subsidiaries, the strategic business priority of transformation. 
The committee monitors progress towards and ensures that 
appropriate programmes are implemented to achieve the 
company’s sustainability targets. The committee regularly 
reviews targets to ensure that they are both relevant to our 
operating context and reflective of an appropriate level 
of ambition.
As environment, social, governance (ESG) reporting and 
disclosures become increasingly important to stakeholders 
and aligning with our strategic imperative to enhance trust, 
the committee is mandated to oversee the company’s 
public disclosures ensuring that reporting is aligned with 
appropriate global standards and compliant with regulatory 
requirements.
The SETS Committee is supported by the Group Sustainable 
Development Council (GSDC) as well as by Regional 
Sustainability Committees in dealing with day-to-day 
Membership 
details at 
September 2024:
MV Moosa
SR Binnie
B Mehlomakulu
BR Beamish
JM Lopez
sustainability issues and helping to develop and entrench 
related initiatives in the business.
The Chairman of the committee and Lead Independent 
Director, Mr MV Moosa, will retire from the board and 
the committee on 31 December 2024. Mr BR Beamish 
will be appointed as Chairman of the committee. 
Ms E Istavridis will be appointed to the committee in 2025. 
Both appointments are effective from 01 January 2025.
Strategic and other focus areas
In 2024 the committee provided oversight of:
•	 Sappi’s social and economic development standing 
(UNGC and OECD)
•	 Review of the decent work and working conditions in terms 
of the International Labour Organization protocol
•	 Safety performance across the three operating regions, 
safety incidents and key safety initiatives and action plans
•	 Progress towards the 2025 sustainability targets for the 
three operating regions and Sappi Forests and 
consolidated group performance
•	 Progress towards the validated science-based targets 
(SBTs) and the approved climate change strategy, 
including the climate action aligned with the TCFD and 
the transition plan
•	 External assurance on selected ESG KPIs: group LTIFR, 
group Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, group certified 
fibre, group waste-to-landfill and specific water usage 
in South Africa
Mohammed Valli Moosa (Chairman)
164
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100%
overall committee  
attendance rate
Stakeholders
The SETS Committee has a broad spread of 
stakeholders for which it helps to protect (or create) 
value: suppliers, customers, employees, regulators, 
shareholders and society.
Refer to Our key relationships on page 
 52 for further 
details.
Risks
The SETS Committee has focused on the following of the top 10 risks:
1
Safety
6
Evolving technologies and consumer preferences
2
Cyclical macroeconomic factors
7
Climate change
4
Sustainability expectations
8
Uncertain and evolving regulatory landscape
5
Supply chain disruption
9
Employee relations
For further details refer to Risk management on page 
 44.
•	 SSA’s performance against the applicable BBBEE 
legislation, the Employment Equity Act and the Forestry 
Charter, including unfair discrimination and equality policy
•	 Sappi’s Code of Ethics, ethics training programme and its 
effectiveness
•	 Group training and development programmes
•	 Production unit operating efficiencies, reliability and 
unscheduled downtime metrics
•	 Sappi’s public sustainability disclosures
•	 Reviewed and approved various policies:
	– Group Sustainability Charter
	– Group Environmental Policy
	– Group Climate Change Policy
	– Group Water Stewardship Policy
	– Group Woodfibre Procurement Policy
	– Group Product Safety Policy
	– Group Human Rights Policy
	– Group Occupational Health and Safety Policy
	– Group Diversity and Inclusion Policy
•	 Approved a new policy: Group Anti-Bullying and 
Psychological Harassment Policy
•	 Review and approval of the Group Corporate Citizenship 
Policy and endorsement of the public affairs and social 
impact programmes
•	 Review of global public policy development and impact 
to Sappi
•	 Review of group safety statistics
•	 Consolidated HR report on key training and development 
initiatives
•	 Review of company policy on diversity and inclusion
•	 Deep dives were conducted into the following areas:
	– Nature action: Global trends and disclosure expectation/
requirements
	– Sustainable procurement
	– Review of key sustainability risks and opportunities 
in Sappi Europe
	– Biodiversity in South Africa.
The committee is satisfied that it has fulfilled its 
responsibilities as set out in its terms of reference.
The committee will provide oversight of the following 
strategic business areas in 2025: 
•	 Further development of the approach to nature-related 
disclosures aligned with the Task Force on Nature-related 
Financial Disclosure (TNFD)
•	 Progress towards the validated SBTs and the climate 
change strategy
•	 Alignment of group sustainability disclosures to comply 
with European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 
for FY2026 reporting period
•	 Progress towards Thrive sustainability targets for 2025
•	 Set new set of sustainability targets for the next strategic 
five-year period 2026 to 2030
•	 Production efficiencies and events
•	 Employee Engagement Survey results and proposed 
action plans.
For more information refer to the SETS Committee report 
on page 
 202 and to Our global sustainability goals 
2024
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165
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Management committees
The board assigns responsibility for the day-to-day management of the group to the CEO. To assist the CEO in discharging his 
duties, a number of management committees have been formed. Some of these committees also provide support for specific 
board committees. The management committees are a key component of Sappi’s second line of defence and assurance. Refer 
to page 
 171 for additional details of Sappi’s approach to risk, controls and assurance.
Executive Committee
This committee comprises Executive Directors and senior management from Sappi Limited as well as the CEOs of the three 
main regional business operations, and the dissolving wood pulp business. The CEO has assigned responsibility to the 
Executive Committee for a number of functional areas relating to the management of the group, including the development 
of policies and alignment of initiatives regarding strategic, operational, financial, governance, sustainability, social and risk 
processes. The Executive Committee meets at least five times per annum. All key topics discussed at board level are subject 
to review and discussions by the Executive Committee. 
Group Risk Management Committee
The committee is known as the Group Risk Management Team (GRMT) and is mandated by the board to establish, coordinate 
and drive the risk management process throughout Sappi. It has established a risk management system to identify and 
manage significant risks. The GRMT reports regularly on risks to the ARC and the board. Risk management software is used 
to support and report upon the risk management process. During 2024, key initiatives included updating the regional risk 
registers and business continuity plans, including IT security risks. In 2025 the GRMT will review policy, procedures and 
assurance, and provide oversight of group, regional and unit level emerging risks. This includes risk assessments and analysis 
required for climate change and ESG-related risks and exposures.
Group Sustainable Development Council
The Sappi Group Sustainable Development Council (GSDC) leads on all sustainability-related policies and practices and 
provides support to the SETS Committee. Members meet quarterly to report progress against sustainability goals and key 
initiatives, share best practices, and exchange information on emerging issues. Members review regional information for 
various disclosure mechanisms, including the CDP’s Climate Change, Forests and Water Programmes and the annual Group 
Sustainability Report.
Key focus areas for 2024 included:
•	 Oversite and review of the Thrive sustainability targets
•	 Sappi’s climate change strategy and action plans including:
	– Alignment of Sappi’s decarbonisation roadmap with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)
	– Assessment, and improvement, of our resiliency to risks and opportunities posed by climate change, as framed by 
the TCFD
	– Integration of decarbonisation and sustainability metrics in capital investment procedures
•	 Sustainable procurement, roll-out of EcoVadis to our top suppliers
•	 Social impact strategy for South Africa
•	 Identifying collaboration opportunities to further Sappi’s sustainability objectives and leverage Sappi expertise to contribute 
to the SDGs.
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Brand Council
The Brand Council’s mission is to enhance Sappi’s brand awareness and reputation, ensuring that Sappi’s values and identity 
are consistently reflected in every touchpoint and region served. The council is dedicated to fostering brand cohesion and 
driving strategic alignment across all levels of the organisation, playing a critical role in supporting sustainable growth 
by increasing and optimising communication activities. The council is committed to understanding the results and impact 
of Sappi’s marketing and corporate communications, sharing insights and learnings to drive continuous improvement and 
deliver value for corporate and commercial teams. The council undertakes annual brand and corporate identity audits 
to review alignment and best practice. Council members meet monthly and serve as a unifying force, working collaboratively 
across departments to inspire action and strengthen Sappi’s brand in support of the overall purpose, vision and business 
strategy.
During 2024, key initiatives included:
•	 Rolling out new digital channels for internal and external brand awareness as well as overall communication
•	 Development of an employer brand programme
•	 Strengthen sustainability and brand positioning internally and externally
•	 Refresh segment and product architecture to improve cross-segment and cross-region market presence.
Project Steering Committees
For key strategic projects, steering committees are established to oversee successful execution of the project.
Global Technology Management Team
The Global Technology Management Team (GTMT) is a global team of managers from operations through to R&D, constituted 
to coordinate technology management at Sappi which includes the sharing of technical knowledge, establish best practice, 
enhance manufacturing efficiencies and accelerate innovation in support of our Thrive strategy.
The GTMT is supported by a number of technology clusters to create value as follows:
•	 Assisting the Sappi Executive Committee and the Sappi board with the coordination and oversight of the group technology 
strategy planning and execution
•	 Provide oversight of the global innovation portfolio based on business priority and value delivery metrics. Recommend 
resource allocation and review skills requirements to deliver the Thrive goals
•	 Provide oversight of the interregional progress and projects undertaken by the technology clusters to advance knowledge 
sharing, best practice development and performance achievement in the area of focus of the respective clusters
•	 The GTMT provide support to identify best-available technology and share best practice to optimise return on investment, 
as well as to harmonise procedures and processes towards application of best practice adoption of common standards 
and measurements via a OneSappi approach
•	 Review new to the world technology trends, futures and scout for new and disruptive technology developments in order 
to recommend how Sappi act or exploit the same
•	 Review manufacturing efficiencies and develop processes and procedures to deliver continuous improvement and reverse 
negative trends
•	 Provide oversight of the safety and operational risk mitigation programmes
•	 Coordinate technical scrutineering of capital investments to enhance value delivery and mitigate risk
•	 Coordinate the Sappi Technical Innovation Awards which recognise innovation and technical excellence across the group.
The GTMT and technology clusters focus on global technical alignment, performance and efficiency measurement as well 
as new product development.
2024
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GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Disclosure Committee
The Disclosure Committee comprises members of the Executive Committee and senior management from various 
disciplines. Its objective is to review and discuss financial and other information prepared for public release. It is the ultimate 
decision-making body, apart from the board, with regards to disclosure.
IT Steering Committee
The IT Steering Committee, assisted operationally by the Group IT Council (GITCO), promotes IT governance throughout the 
group and is the highest authority responsible for this aspect of Sappi’s business, apart from the board. The committee has 
a charter approved by the ARC and the board. An IT governance framework has been developed and IT feedback reports are 
presented to the ARC and the board. Sappi IT has implemented a standardised approach to IT risk management through 
a group-wide risk framework supported by the use of risk management software. The committee has helped to create value 
for shareholders in 2024 by its oversight of:
•	 The implementation of major strategic projects to drive operational excellence in manufacturing, sales, supply chain, 
finance and logistics among other functions
•	 The digital strategy and governance model to drive innovation at scale across all divisions
•	 The expansion of the group security function and talent pipeline and tangible progress toward the security strategy
•	 The framework to evaluate third-party IT security risks
•	 The delivery of a cohesive cloud infrastructure and security strategy inclusive of security resilience
•	 The deployment of global operational technology (OT) security solutions across the manufacturing landscape
•	 Strategic planning around core enterprise solutions.
A significant part of the IT Steering Committee’s responsibility is to monitor and direct Sappi’s information and cyber security 
activities. The ARC oversees these activities. Security matters are shared and discussed with the board at least quarterly. 
Sappi does have cyber risk insurance. Sappi’s internal IT audit team undertakes reviews of information and cyber security.
Oversight by the committee will continue in 2025 for these IT initiatives, as well as:
•	 Support for new business priorities to address evolving market conditions in alignment with Thrive priorities
•	 Capitalising on innovative new solutions to maximise value realisation
•	 Additional security improvements including enhanced recovery capabilities, global OT security standards, central 
vulnerability management, and further smart partnerships to extend security best practices and capacity
•	 Infrastructure simplification through further global harmonisation opportunities and cloud consolidation.
Treasury Committee
The Treasury Committee meets monthly to assess financial risks on treasury-related matters. Specific focus areas 
in 2024 related to:
•	 Refinancing the ZAR1.5 billion SSA08 bond in South Africa with a new local bond issue
•	 Conversion of the ZAR1.8 million convertible bond to equity
•	 New €150 million seven-year term loan to partially fund the SNA conversion and expansion project.
Key focus areas in 2025 will be: 
•	 The effective management of cash and interest costs due to the changing interest rate environment
•	 Consider appropriate action for upcoming debt maturities
•	 Renewal of the €330 million securitisation programme at Sappi Papier Holding GmbH.
168
2024
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Sappi Accounting Standards Committee
The Sappi Accounting Standards Committee (SASC) meets regularly to discuss and decide on the accounting treatment and 
the application of accounting standards at Sappi. SASC comprises finance, treasury and accounting officers throughout the 
group. Internal and external audit attend meetings by invitation. A main topic of discussion in FY2024 was the discount rate 
calculation methodology used in the plantation valuation.
Taxation Committee
The Taxation Committee meets monthly to discuss and address global taxation matters. The main focus areas of the 
committee for 2024 included:
•	 Tax accounting and reporting
•	 Tax compliance including transfer pricing and BEPS reporting
•	 Tax audits and international mitigation measures to avoid double taxation
•	 Tax implications of strategic projects
•	 New tax legislation.
These topics will continue to receive oversight from the committee in 2025.
Control and Assurance Committee
The Control and Assurance Committee (CAC) comprises group and regional heads of department representing all the main 
operating and support functions at Sappi. CAC is supported by the internal control function and internal audit. A multi-
disciplinary Combined Assurance Workgroup (CAW) provides oversight and guidance to the business on internal controls and 
combined assurance for financial, strategic and operational risks. CAW provides input to CAC, who in turn, is accountable 
to the GRMT and the ARC.
2024
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GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Ensuring leadership through ethics and integrity
Sappi is committed to doing business the right way. Trust is created by operating from a commonly accepted set of values, 
enhancing and protecting our reputation. We require our directors and employees to act with integrity, to be courageous, to make 
smart decisions and to execute with speed, in all transactions and in their dealings with all business partners and stakeholders.
Code of Ethics
Our values underpin the group’s Code of Ethics and commit the group 
and its employees to sound business practices and compliance with 
applicable legislation, which help to promote legitimacy.
All new employees receive training on the Code of Ethics and related 
topics, such anti-bribery and corruption and anti-competitive practices, 
as part of onboarding. The Code was refreshed during 2022 and 
released in 2023. All employees receive refresher training 
on these courses every three years.
A Group Supplier Code of Conduct (Code) has been 
developed and communicated to help ensure that 
Sappi’s values and ethical standards are clearly 
understood and supported by all our 
suppliers, their first-tier suppliers and other 
stakeholders.
Actions are taken against employees and 
suppliers who do not abide by the spirit 
and provisions of our Code. This 
includes termination of contractual 
arrangements, and criminal actions.
Refer to www.sappi.com 
 for the 
Code of Ethics.
Legal compliance programme
The programme is designed to increase awareness of, and enhance 
compliance with, applicable legislation in place. The group compliance 
officer reports twice per annum to the ARC.
Sappi’s legal compliance programme has been boosted by:
•	 The implementation of legal compliance software including Exclaim 
for SSA, GEORG Compliance Management for the German mills, 
Syneris, is being used as a compliance management 
application in Austria, and Policy Passport for group 
policies and procedures
•	 The provision of online training to employees 
on relevant legal compliance topics. This 
included social media, procurement, 
confidentiality, and conflict of Interest 
training during FY2024.
Key focus areas in 2025 will be:
•	 Competition law training
•	 Privacy training (POPIA, GDPR and 
201 CMR 17.00).
The use of software tools and the 
related training and online learning 
is helping to create and protect value 
primarily for employees, customers, 
shareholders and regulators. 
Conflict of interest
The group has a policy that obliges all employees to disclose any 
interest in contracts or business dealings with Sappi to assess any 
possible conflict of interest. The policy also dictates that directors and 
senior officers of the group must disclose any interest in contracts 
as well as other appointments to assess any conflict of interest that may 
affect their fiduciary duties. Sappi undertook a Conflict of Interest policy 
relaunch with refresher training in FY2024.
During the year under review, apart from that disclosed in the financial 
statements, none of the directors had a significant interest in any 
material contract or arrangement entered into by the company or 
its subsidiaries.
For more information on how Sappi addresses conflict of interest please 
refer to the Preventing fraud and corruption section of the Code of 
Ethics, at www.sappi.com 
Insider trading
The company has a code of conduct for dealing in company securities 
and follows the JSE Limited Listings Requirements in this regard.
For further information refer to the Insider trading section of the Code 
of Ethics which can be found at www.sappi.com 
Reporting on compliance and ethics concerns
Sappi employees and stakeholders can report any 
potential illegal or non-compliant behaviour they 
observe directly to senior management, internal audit 
or legal counsel, or alternatively, report anonymously, via 
telephone or by completing an online web-portal form. 
Whistle-blower ‘hotlines’ have been implemented in all 
the regions in which the group operates. The hotline and 
web-portal service, operated by independent service 
providers, enables all stakeholders to anonymously 
report environmental, safety, ethics, accounting, 
auditing, control issues or other concerns. Retaliation 
against whistle-blowers is not tolerated. The follow 
up on all reported matters is coordinated either by legal 
counsel or internal audit and reported to the ARC. The 
majority of calls and ethics reports received related 
to the Southern African region.
Please refer to the whistle-blower hotline and ethics 
report graphs for information on the:
•	 Number of hotline calls per 1,000 employees
•	 Number of forensic cases closed and average time 
spent per case
•	 Categories of hotline calls and ethics reports
•	 Outcome of the investigations.
The hotline report rates, categories of reports and 
outcomes of cases broadly align with international 
whistle-blower benchmark data. For more information, 
refer to the Reporting and whistle-blowing section of the 
Code of Ethics, at www.sappi.com 
170
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Financial statements
The directors are responsible for 
overseeing the preparation and final 
approval of the group Annual Financial 
Statements, in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting 
Standards issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board.
The group’s results are reviewed prior to submission to the board, 
as follows:
•	 All quarterly results – by the Disclosure Committee as well as the ARC
•	 Interim and final results – by external audit.
Risk, controls and assurance 
at Sappi
Risks facing the group are identified, evaluated 
and managed by implementing risk mitigations, 
such as insurance, strategic actions or specific 
internal controls. Sappi maintains a robust 
framework of risks and controls which assists 
in the application of the King IV guidelines and 
the achievement of governance outcomes 
by helping to: create an ethical culture; 
establishing effective control; and promoting 
legitimacy, all of which help Sappi and its 
stakeholders to benefit from good performance. 
The framework includes controls addressing 
our material matters, by focusing on the main 
drivers of Sappi and comprises both financial 
and non-financial controls, which support the 
achievement of our strategy, within our risk 
appetite and tolerance levels, across the 
economic, social and environmental context 
in which the organisation operates as well 
as each of the six capitals set out in the 
International Integrated Reporting Council’s 
model. More information on these capitals and 
integrated thinking in the context of Sappi’s 
sustainable business model can be found in Our 
strategy and performance on page 
 11, 
as well as Our global sustainability goals 
The group’s internal controls and systems are 
designed in accordance with the Committee 
of Sponsoring Organizations control framework 
to support the achievement of the group’s 
objectives including strategic, operational and 
financial performance goals, effective and 
efficient use of resources, safeguarding assets 
against material loss, integrity and reliability 
of internal and external financial and non-
financial reporting, and compliance with 
applicable laws and regulations.
Sappi operates a combined assurance 
framework, which aims to optimise the 
assurance coverage obtained from 
management, and internal and external 
assurance providers, on the risk areas affecting 
the group. Combined assurance is overseen 
by CAC. The committee and its CAW provide 
holistic feedback to the GRMT and ARC on the 
state of controls and the quality and coverage 
of assurance from the various assurance 
providers across Sappi’s three lines 
of assurance. The workgroup focused on the 
following risk topics in 2024: fibre certification, 
fraud and ethics management, cyber security, 
operational technology, legal compliance, 
business continuity, contractors and 
maintenance, energy, waste and safety.
In FY2025 the CAW will assist the CAC 
to create and protect value by further 
developing combined assurance, risks and 
controls relating to IT security, regulatory 
compliance and sustainability.
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
Hotline report rate per 1,000 employees per annum
● Report rate per 1,000 employees
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
3.9
3.1
4.0
4.9
4.2
100
80
60
40
20
0
Forensic cases closed and average time taken to close
75
93
75
69
45
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
74
67
76
85
58
● Number of cases closed 
   Average of days to close
100
80
60
40
20
0
Hotline and ethics cases by category (%)
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
20
5
7
8
5
37
44
54
41
44
49
52
40
46
49
● Corruption, fraud and theft  ● Employment-related matters  ● Environment, health, safety and other
100
80
60
40
20
0
Hotline and ethics case outcomes (%)
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
4
5
8
5
3
1
11
3
44
51
71
24
67
24
55
36
31
54
● Cleared, no action or unresolved ● Disciplined, counselled or other action  
● Termination ● Criminal charges  
2024
Annual Integrated Report
171
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
Sappi’s combined assurance framework, incorporating three lines of assurance and oversight by the board and board 
sub-committees
First line of  
assurance
Second line of  
assurance
Third line of 
assurance
Oversight by 
the board
Risk areas and value 
drivers, capitals
Business management 
operations supported 
by appropriate controls 
and systems
Monitoring and oversight 
functions
Independent 
assurance 
provided by 
external audit, 
internal audit and 
other assurance 
providers
Board and board 
sub-committees
Governance, risk 
and controls – 
general (core 
business cycles)
•	 Day-to-day risk 
management activity
•	 Established risk and 
control environment
•	 Executive, corporate 
and regional lead teams
•	 Corporate and regional 
business functions, 
eg sales, finance, IT, 
HR, purchasing
•	 Business units, 
eg forestry, mills, 
sales offices
•	 Business unit 
operations, 
eg production, 
engineering, 
controlling, materials 
management.
CAC, management self-
assessments
Internal audit
Audit and Risk 
sub-committee
Strategy and vision, 
competition and 
markets, 
sociopolitical
Executive Committee, Group 
Head Strategy, Global Business 
Council, CAC, management 
self-assessments
Internal audit
Nomination and 
Governance 
Committee
Financial, tax  
and treasury
Control and assurance, 
accounting standards, taxation, 
treasury and Disclosure 
Committees, management 
self-assessments
KPMG, tax authorities, 
internal audit
ARC
Legal and 
compliance
Legal compliance programme, 
Group Compliance Manager
Legal compliance 
audits, internal audit
ARC, SETS 
Committee, and 
Human Resources 
and Compensation 
Committee
IT
IT Steering Committee, group 
IT governance functions, 
management self-assessments
KPMG, ISA 3402s, 
penetration testing, 
internal audit
ARC
Planet, 
environment, 
natural capital
Sustainability councils, 
Environmental and Energy (E4) 
Global Cluster, GRMT
ISO 14001, FSC, 
PEFC, SFI, EMAS, 
KPMG, EcoVadis
Government reviews 
emissions effluent 
etc, internal audit
SETS Committee
Ethics
Group Compliance Manager, 
ethics surveys, management 
self-assessments
Internal audit
SETS Committee, 
ARC
People, HR and 
transformation
Global Human Resource 
Committee, regional labour  
forums, employee engagement 
surveys, management 
self-assessments
BBBEE audits, internal 
audit
ARC, SETS 
Committee, and 
Human Resources 
and Compensation 
Committee
R&D, intellectual 
property
Group technical cluster, 
management self-assessments
ISO 17025, internal 
audit
SETS Committee
Manufacturing, 
supply chain 
management, 
quality, forestry
Technical clusters and 
platforms, regional safety, 
health, environment and quality 
audits, supplier audits, 
management self-assessments
ISO 9001, ISO 50001, 
FSC,  PEFC, SFI, Matrix, 
internal audit
SETS Committee
Stakeholders, 
communication, 
reputation, society
Group corporate affairs, 
sustainability and investor 
relations functions
Internal audit
SETS Committee
Safety
Group and regional risk 
management teams, safety 
audits
ISO 45001, ISO 22000 
regulatory inspections, 
internal audit
SETS Committee
172
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

A key element of combined assurance at Sappi is derived 
from the annual control self-assessments completed by 
control owners, which helps to protect value for stakeholders 
by providing management and the board with assurance on 
the state of controls throughout the group. The remediation 
of control gaps identified through this process is monitored 
by management, relevant committees, auditors and 
the board.
The ARC advises the board on the state of risk management 
and controls, as well as assurance, in Sappi’s operating 
environment. This information is used as the basis for the 
board’s review, sign-off and reporting to stakeholders, via the 
Annual Integrated Report and Annual Financial Statements, 
on risk management and the effectiveness of internal 
controls and assurance within Sappi.
As part of combined assurance with respect to reported 
information, Sappi has obtained assurance on the data 
in the Annual Integrated Report from the following sources:
•	 Financial data is independently audited by KPMG
•	 External sustainability assurance was obtained from KPMG 
in 2024 for Scope 1 and 2 emissions information, water 
usage in South Africa, fibre certification, waste, as well 
as specific safety information
•	 Specific planet (environment) related processes are 
subject to review by third parties during the year. Certain 
local environmental and safety reporting is subject to audit 
by local regulators
•	 Reviews of sustainability information were undertaken 
by central technical management and internal audit.
Internal audit
The group has an effective, suitably resourced, risk-based 
internal audit department. The department operates in terms 
of a specific charter from the ARC and independently 
appraises the adequacy and effectiveness of the group’s 
governance, risk management, systems, internal controls and 
accounting records. Internal audit coordinates combined 
assurance and reports the findings to local and divisional 
management, the external auditors, and the ARC.
The head of internal audit reports to the ARC, meets 
with board members, has direct access to executive 
management and is invited to attend certain management 
meetings. The role of internal audit at Sappi is set out in the 
following diagram:
Governance, risk and opportunity management, controls:
• Strategic • Operational • Compliance • Reporting
Internal audit value proposition
Core internal 
audit 
principles
Ethics and 
professionalism
Governance
Management
Performing audit 
services
•	 Integrity
•	 Objectivity
•	 Competency
•	 Due professional care
•	 Confidentiality.
•	 Authorised and overseen 
by the Audit and Risk 
Committee 
•	 Positioned independently.
•	 Plans strategically 
•	 Manages resources 
•	 Communicates effectively 
•	 Enhances quality.
•	 Plans and conducts 
engagements
•	 Communicates 
engagement conclusions 
and monitors action plans.
Assurance (risk based)
•	 Financial processes and systems
•	 Business processes and systems
•	 Operational and strategic risks
•	 IT, GCC, security, operations
•	 Ethics, risk, legal compliance
•	 Sustainability data
•	 Combined assurance
•	 Annual opinion.
 
 
 
 
Capitals
•	 Board, ARC
•	 Management
•	 Employees
•	 Other (eg communities, business partners).
Stakeholders
Objectives
Support
Support
Advisory and assistance
•	 Forensic, hotline and ethics management
•	 Projects, new business processes
•	 Governance, risk, controls consulting
•	 King IV, governance disclosures
•	 Ad hoc management requests, secondments
•	 Internal control support (risk and control framework, self-assessments, 
segregation of duties, workgroups).
Internal audit activities
2024
Annual Integrated Report
173
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Corporate governance continued
During 2024, the risk-based coverage plan was substantially 
achieved. Apart from the ongoing focus on financial controls, 
internal audit helped to create and protect value for Sappi 
and our stakeholders by completing reviews in support 
of the following strategic objectives:
•	 Achieve cost advantages: advisory services to the global 
business systems projects (Requisition to Pay, Sales Order 
to Cash, implementation of Robotics Process Automation, 
reviews of production recording and quality, procurement, 
as well as contractor charges
•	 Rationalising declining businesses: project 
management reviews for business optimisation projects
•	 Accelerate growth in higher-margin products: 
assurance reviews of Product Innovation and R&D. Project 
Elevate in SNA was a focus of these reviews.
In 2025 internal audit will support the achievement of Sappi’s 
Thrive strategic objectives by completing advisory and 
assurance projects in the following areas:
 
Grow our business: R&D, packaging and 
speciality papers, capital projects (Project Elevate 
in SNA), and new businesses eg biomaterials
Sustain our financial health: sales, procurement, 
treasury, and working capital processes, mill 
closure activities
Drive operational excellence: sales and 
operations, maintenance, energy, strategic 
business and IT projects including global 
MES projects
Enhance trust: ethics, governance, sustainability, 
regulatory compliance and cyber security reviews
Internal audit maintains an internal quality assurance 
programme. Our last external quality assurance review was 
conducted by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in 2021. 
A Generally Conforms rating was received, which is the 
highest of the three levels of conformance to the IIA’s 
standards. Matters that arose and have been addressed 
include the upgrading of our automated audit software 
solution, the adaption of our procedures and our charter and 
policies to comply with the Global Internal Audit Standards, 
issued in 2024, including documenting our stakeholder 
engagement approach, updating and presentation of our 
strategy and updating our key performance measures. 
A focus for 2025 will be further updates to internal audit’s 
approach to align with the Global Internal Audit Standards.
Board assessment of the company’s risk 
management, compliance function and 
effectiveness of internal controls and 
combined assurance
The board is responsible for the group’s systems of internal 
financial and operational control. As part of an ongoing 
comprehensive evaluation process, control self-assessments, 
independent reviews by internal audit, external audit and 
other assurance providers, were undertaken across the 
group to test the effectiveness of various elements of the 
group’s financial, disclosure and other internal controls 
as well as procedures and systems. Identified areas of 
improvement are being addressed to strengthen the group’s 
controls further. The board has assessed the combined 
assurance provided in 2024. The results of the reviews 
did not indicate any material breakdown in the functioning 
of these controls, procedures and systems during the year. 
The internal controls in place, including the financial controls 
and financial control environment, are considered to be 
effective and provide a sound basis for the preparation 
of the Annual Financial Statements, Annual Integrated 
Report and other reports used internally for management’s 
decision making.
Company Secretary
The Company Secretary does not fulfil executive management functions outside of the duties of Company Secretary and 
is not a director. During the year, the board has assessed the independence, competence, qualifications and experience 
of the Company Secretary and has concluded that she is sufficiently independent (ie maintained an arm’s length 
relationship with the executive team, the board and individual directors), qualified, competent and experienced to hold 
this position. The Company Secretary is responsible for the duties set out in section 88 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 
(as amended) of South Africa. Specific responsibilities include providing guidance to directors on discharging their duties 
in the best interests of the group, informing directors of new laws affecting the group, as well as arranging for the induction 
of new directors.
174
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

2024
Annual Integrated Report
175
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report
Our report and disclosures fully comply with regulatory and 
statutory provisions relating to remuneration governance 
in all the countries in which we operate. This report is aligned 
with the principles and recommended practices of the King 
Report on Corporate Governance (King IV).
On behalf of the board, I am pleased 
to present the remuneration 
report for the year ended 
September 2024, which sets 
out how we have implemented 
the remuneration policy that 
was approved by shareholders 
at the AGM in February 2024. 
The information provided in this 
report has been approved by the 
board as per the recommendation 
of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee.
Mike Fallon (Chairman of the Human Resources 
and Compensation Committee)
The main sections of the report  
are as follows:
Section
A
Voting and governance
Section
B
Key functions of the Human Resources 
and Compensation Committee
Section
C
Overview of the remuneration policy
Section
D
Remuneration implementation report
The year 2024 – business environment and 
our remuneration context
The previous financial year was characterised by significant 
macroeconomic volatility, higher interest rates and low 
consumer confidence, which had significant impact 
on market demand; the post-pandemic boom had led 
to significant overstocking in the supply chains and forecast 
demand was low. In 2024, market demand for paper 
remained subdued, although market conditions for dissolving 
wood pulp improved.
It has been a year of significant rationalisation and 
transformation; the closure of two European sites, Lanaken 
and Stockstadt Mills, conversion and expansion of the 
Somerset Mill plant and stabilisation at Saiccor Mill following 
the recent expansion project. The investment in North 
America and South Africa are aligned with Sappi’s long-term 
strategy to drive lower costs and capacity in graphic papers 
and enable growth in both packaging papers and dissolving 
wood pulp. Success of these large capital projects; to gain 
additional revenue in the growing markets of dissolving wood 
pulp and packaging, and the ability to retain existing graphic 
papers sales volumes within the post-closure mill footprint 
were vitally important in 2024.
The board therefore set the short-term incentive targets 
to drive a number of objectives to ensure the successful 
execution and implementation of this transformation 
to secure future benefits, including:
•	 Improved safety performance for all the regions
•	 Disciplined cost management
•	 Closure of Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills followed by the 
successful carouselling of sales volumes to remaining mills
176
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

•	 Significant lower Sappi Europe (SEU) overhead costs
•	 Smooth management of industrial relations
•	 On-time project delivery of the Somerset Mill expansion 
project. This is the largest capital project in the history 
of Sappi (US$420 million). ​Development of detailed 
production and product ramp-up plans for the Somerset 
Mill machine conversion are in progress.
The board is pleased to report success in these 
transformation programmes. Detailed remuneration 
outcomes are set out in section D on page 
 194.
Health and safety
All three regions continued to deliver improved safety 
performances. Both SEU and SNA achieved their best safety 
performance for 2024. Unfortunately, SSA had a contractor 
fatality in Forestry. Details can be found on page 
 74 of this 
report. The commitment of the group is always to put safety 
first and management will continue with their drive to further 
improve safety performance across all regions.
2024 committee work plan
Implemented sustainability measure for the 
long-term incentive plan
The committee’s focus for 2024 was to finalise the details 
of our sustainability measure for inclusion in our long-term 
incentive plan (LTIP). This measure is based on our validated 
science-based decarbonisation pathway and will account for 
10% of the overall measures. Sappi Limited has committed 
to reduce Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gases (GHG) 
emissions by a significant 41.5% per ton of product by 2030, 
using 2019 as base year. This target has been validated 
by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and is now 
included in the LTIP and details can be found on pages 
 190 
and 191 of this report. All the consultations and communication 
with participating employees have been successfully concluded.
Designing the future long and short-term 
incentive plans measures
After consultations with shareholders in 2023 and 2024, 
Sappi has embarked on a process to modify existing LTIPs 
and measures. The focus of the change was to limit the 
complex plans to fewer executives that have a greater 
influence on the performance of the company. The result will 
be a PSP scheme with fewer participants and more relevant 
measures. ROCE will be removed from the short-term 
incentive plan and be introduced as a long-term measure. 
We view ROCE as appropriate for the long-term incentive and 
will be measured against weighted average cost of capital 
(WACC). These changes will further contribute to the 
alignment of shareholders and executives.
Parallel to this scheme, the Sappi Management Plan will 
be introduced to a broader employee base to the levels 
below that of the PSP participants. This will be simplistic and 
can serve as an effective retention tool for Sappi. Further 
details are provided on page 
 190 of this report.
The executive bonus scheme has been discontinued 
from October 2024.
Training and development
The Sappi Leadership Journey, as set out in the 
infographic below, is now completed. The Global 
Leadership programme was launched with key talent 
from all regions in September 2024.
Shopfloor leader/ 
operational excellence
From Hay Reward Level (HRL)13 upwards.
Participant may be responsible for some team 
oversight such as scheduling.
Introduces basic practices for feedback, 
meetings and coaching.
Global leader
Regional lead team 
successors.
Focuses on strategic 
leadership and becoming 
a mentor.
LeadX
Primary audience: HRL18, 19 and 20.
Recently appointed.
HOD/mill/forestry leadership or succession 
pipeline. Focuses on leader as coach.
Learn2Lead
Recently appointed chargehands/foreman/entry 
level supervisors and aspiring superintendents/
supervisors. Focuses on basic practices – task 
supervision, leave etc.
Harvard Exec
Current VPs, regional leaders and group leaders.
LeadSmart
Primary audience: HRL15, 16 and 17.
Must have a team.
Focuses on how to build relationships 
in the team and the impact 
of behaviour.
Operational leadership
Regional lead team successor
Senior manager/leader
Becoming a supervisor
Executive innovators
First time middle manager
2024
Annual Integrated Report
177
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Talent management
The talent management and succession process are now fully embedded in all regions with the consistency of data and reviews.
Departmental review
Level 0
Level 4/5
Oct
HR and Compensation 
Committee of the board
Level 5
Global lead team
Level 4
Regional lead team
Level 3
Business unit review
Level 2
Functional level
Level 1
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Talent 
management 
calendar
Succession 
task 
assigned
Functional 
reviews
Level 1
Talent reviews 
business unit
Level 2
Regional 
lead teams 
review
Level 3
Succession task 
completion
Mini talent reviews
Business unit developmental level (Level 0)
Career/development  
discussions taking place
Level 1
Functional reviews
•	 Identification of key talent
•	 Scenario planning
•	 Development opportunities.
Level 3
Regional lead team review
•	 Key succession risks for regional 
lead teams and functional heads
•	 Development of key talent
•	 Scenario planning.
Level 4
Global lead team review
•	 Scenario planning lead team 
succession
•	 Future organisational change 
impact on HR
•	 Development of key talent.
Level 2
Business unit reviews
•	 Key succession risks for the 
business unit
•	 Development of key talent
•	 Capacity building – digitisation/
future skills requirements
•	 Key concern requiring support.
Level 5
HR and 
Compensation 
Committee of the 
board review
•	 Sappi Limited EXCO 
succession
•	 Regional lead team 
succession
•	 Feedback on key 
development initiatives.
Nov
Executive capacity building
During the reporting period Graeme Wild was appointed 
as CEO of Sappi Southern Africa. He succeeds Alex Thiel 
who will only retire from Sappi in December 2025. Alex will 
remain a key member of the team and will be contributing 
to the successful implementation of the Thrive strategy. 
All other senior management changes that took place 
in 2023 and 2024 have now been bedded down. Carefully 
planned succession is bearing fruit as evidenced by the 
smooth business transition and the continued high 
performance of the various teams.
Several key retirements will take place between now and 
2030. The committee is working with management to ensure 
smooth management transitions over the next few years.
Personal development opportunities for all employees 
remain a key focus area with particular attention given 
to technical development in operations and engineering. 
Targeted development for high-potential employees, using 
role-specific competency assessments, has significantly 
improved the bench strength of candidates who are ready 
to step into other roles. Leadership capacity building at 
three levels (head of department, managers and supervisors) 
also gained significant traction with satisfactory progress 
on all our leadership programmes. This is a key focus for 
the committee.
As testimony to the key development initiatives that have 
been taking place over the last few years, Sappi was 
recognised as follows:
Time Magazine, once a year rates the top 1,000 companies 
globally. For 2024, Sappi attained position 623 and was one 
of only four South African companies, and the only one in our 
sector. The ranking involved public information and no input 
from Sappi. The formula used included employee satisfaction 
surveys, revenue growth and ESG data.
Forbes Magazine: Forbes, in partnership with 
market research firm Statista, surveyed more than 
300,000 employees in over 50 countries who work for 
multinational corporate groups that employ more than 
1,000 workers and operate in at least two of the six 
continental regions of the world. This was done to determine 
the World’s Best Companies for 2024. They placed Sappi 
483 out of 850 companies with only 10 companies from 
South Africa and 13 from Africa.
In addition, Forbes Magazine – in a separate award, placed 
Sappi seventh in the World’s Top Companies for Women 
2024. We are very proud that we are one of the top 
companies among all these global and iconic companies, 
particularly as a manufacturer.
Continued strengthening of our 
Non‑executive Director team
The Nomination and Governance Committee reviews the 
composition of the board three times per annum, considering 
size, skills, independence, tenure, experience/expertise, 
diversity and the overall mix of the board. The board 
Chairman and the Lead Independent Director also have 
individual consultations with board members regarding their 
performance. Every second year there is an independent 
evaluation of the board, the sub-committees and individual 
member effectiveness. These evaluations get discussed 
by the board and action plans are prepared and tracked.
178
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Sappi’s approach to and process for the appointment of 
Non-executive Directors is based on criteria which look at the 
diversity of tenure, race, gender, geographical location and 
expertise. We are committed to ensuring that our board 
composition will continue to reflect the benefits of our 
rigorous Non-executive Director succession planning.
The appointment of the board Chairman, Mr Nkululeko Sowazi 
has been concluded as well as changes to the composition 
on the board sub-committees. Mr Louis von Zeuner and 
Mr Jim Lopez have been appointed to the Human Resources 
and Compensation Committee. Mr Mohammed Valli Moosa will 
retire from the board on 31 December 2024. Mr von Zeuner 
will be appointed as Chairman of the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee from 01 January 2025. I will remain 
as a member of this committee in addition to the role of Lead 
Independent Director until retirement in February 2027.
The following changes have also been made:
•	 Zola Malinga – appointed to the Nomination and 
Governance Committee
•	 Brian Beamish – appointed as Chairman of the Social, 
Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) 
Committee
•	 Eleni Istavridis – appointed to the SETS Committee.
Conversations with our shareholders
Both our remuneration policy and implementation report 
received the prerequisite shareholder approval at the 
February 2024 AGM. Despite there being no mandatory 
requirement to do so, and as part of our good governance 
process, we met with key shareholders in August 2024 
to seek their guidance and input on strategic remuneration 
issues. We were encouraged by the level of engagement and 
the guidance provided to ensure that Sappi’s remuneration 
policy and implementation report remain robust. Key issues 
discussed during these engagements were changes to the 
long and short-term incentive plans, ie:
•	 Adding sustainability to our PSP measures​, ie 41.5% 
reduction of GHG emissions per ton by 2030. This 
measure will be against our SBTi targets as approved 
in 2022
•	 Introducing the Sappi Management Plan for employees 
below executive levels
•	 Anticipated changes to the current PSP scheme​, which 
included limiting the number of participants and 
introducing ROCE as an additional measure
•	 Discontinuation of the executive bonus scheme
•	 Update on Non-executive Director succession.
Full details are disclosed on pages 
 190 and 191 of 
this report.
We value the input from our shareholders and will continue 
to seek input to ensure improved disclosures.
Compliance statement
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate 
governance and supports and applies the principles of 
good governance advocated by King IV. Our remuneration 
approach and disclosures fully comply with regulatory and 
statutory provisions relating to reward governance in all the 
countries in which we operate. The committee ensures 
compliance with legal and regulatory requirements 
concerning compensation.
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
is of the view that the objectives stated in the remuneration 
policy have been achieved for the period under review. The 
committee is satisfied that it has fulfilled its responsibilities 
in accordance with its terms of reference and with the status 
of remuneration and incentives in the group.
The new Company’s Act was signed into law on 26 July 2024 
and has made some specific recommendations regarding 
the remuneration report. As this report is for the period 
01 October 2023 to 29 September 2024, all the changes 
as recommended will be incorporated into our 2025 report. 
This will form part of the committee’s 2025 workplan.
Conclusion
Our remuneration policy is benchmarked continuously 
against the relevant industry peers to ensure competitive 
reward. It motivates our senior team to achieve the group’s 
objectives, deliver sustainable returns, and value creation 
for our shareholders. I would like to thank our shareholders 
for the strong support given at the last AGM and during 
our visits in August 2024 for our remuneration policy and 
implementation report. The committee believes that the 
remuneration of executives during 2024 reflects our 
challenges and successes to date in the delivery 
of our strategy.
As detailed earlier, this becomes my last remuneration report 
as I will hand over the chairmanship to Mr Louis von Zeuner. 
Louis brings a wealth of knowledge and experience in this 
field, and I’m very pleased to be able to help and support him 
during this handover.
It has been both a learning experience and pleasure to serve 
as Chairman of this committee. I have appreciated the 
guidance and advice of shareholders over the recent years, 
particularly in our face-to-face discussions in July 2022, 
September 2023 and August 2024.
I will also be available to answer any questions which you may 
have at the February 2025 annual general meeting.
Finally, I would like to thank my fellow committee members for 
their exceptional help and support.
Mike Fallon
Chairman of the Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee
2024
Annual Integrated Report
179
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Remuneration report continued
Sappi remuneration at a glance from 01 October 2024
Positioned at the  
50th percentile of  
the market
Adjustments
Based on Consumer  
Price Index (CPI),  
performance  
and market movements
Benchmarking
Use Mercer, PwC  
and other local  
remuneration consultants
Safety 
10%
EBITDA 
50%
ROCE 
20%
Personal objectives 
20%
Sustainability 
10%
Total shareholder return (TSR) 
50%
CFRONA 
40%
Maximum opportunity of approximately 
119% of annual base salary
EBITDA threshold of 85% required before 
any bonus is payable
Straight-line vesting over  
a four-year period
Minimum shareholding  
requirements 
CEO (3x), CFO (2x),  
prescribed officers (1x)
Short-term incentives
Long-term incentives
Base salary
Short-term and long-term incentives positioned at the 
75th percentile of the market
Sustainability as a performance measure is part of our LTIP. See page 
 189.
Summary of our executive remuneration policy and implementation report for 2024
Remuneration component
Executive Directors
Base salary
•	 Mr SR Binnie – Local South African salary increased by 6.5% and offshore 
salary increased by 4%
•	 Mr GT Pearce – Local South African salary increased by 7.0% and 
offshore salary increased by 4%
•	 In line with the increases applied to wider South African workforce.
Annual bonus (MIS)
•	 Maximum opportunity unchanged at 119% for the CEO and CFO 
of annual base pay
•	 Resultant points of the 2024 performance measures: EBITDA (69.4), 
ROCE (30), safety (0). 
Long-term variable pay (PSP)
•	 Performance measures, TSR (100%) and CFRONA (100%).
Current voluntary minimum 
shareholding requirement
•	 Mr SR Binnie (2.3 X annual base salary) and Mr GT Pearce (1.9 X annual 
base salary).
180
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Section A: Voting and governance
Statement of voting at AGM
The AGM of Sappi Limited was held on 08 February 2024 and 
the requisite resolutions endorsing the remuneration policy 
and the implementation report were passed as follows:
Resolution
Vote for
Ordinary resolution number 16: Non-binding 
endorsement of remuneration policy
87.78%
Ordinary resolution number 17: Non-binding 
endorsement of implementation report
93.58%
Voting on remuneration
As required by King IV, Sappi’s remuneration policy and 
implementation report as detailed in this remuneration report, 
need to be tabled for separate non-binding advisory votes 
by shareholders at the upcoming AGM. In the event that 
either the remuneration policy or the implementation report, 
or both, are voted against by 25% or more of the voting rights 
entitled to be exercised by shareholders at such AGM, the 
committee will ensure that the following measures are taken 
in good faith and with best reasonable efforts:
•	 An engagement process to ascertain the reasons for the 
dissenting votes
•	 Appropriately addressing legitimate and reasonable 
objections and concerns raised which may include 
amending the remuneration policy or clarifying or adjusting 
remuneration governance and/or processes.
Statement by the board regarding 
compliance with the remuneration policy
The board annually receives a report from the Human 
Resources and Compensation Committee on pay practices 
across the group, including salary levels and trends, 
collective bargaining outcomes and bonus participation.
The board endorses the Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee position that Sappi’s 
remuneration policy is set taking appropriate account 
of remuneration and employment conditions of other 
employees in the group and external factors. It is the view 
of the board that this policy as detailed herein, drives 
business performance and value creation for all stakeholders.
Statement of fair and responsible 
remuneration
The group’s compensation policy for the remuneration 
of Executive Directors and other senior executives is set 
taking appropriate account of remuneration and employment 
conditions of other employees in the group.
The committee annually receives a report from management 
on pay practices across the group, including salary levels 
and trends, collective bargaining outcomes and bonus 
participation. At the time that salary increases are 
considered, the committee additionally receives a report 
on the approach management proposes to adopt for general 
staff increases. Both these reports are considered in the 
committee’s decisions regarding the remuneration 
of Executive Directors and other senior executives.
In some countries where the group operates, more formal 
consultation arrangements with employee representatives 
are in place relating to employment terms and conditions, 
in accordance with local legislation and practice. The group 
also conducts employee engagement surveys every two 
years which gauge employees’ satisfaction with their working 
conditions. The Sappi board is given feedback on these 
survey results.
2024
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Remuneration report continued
Section B: Key functions of the Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee
Human Resources and 
Compensation Committee
The purpose of the committee is to oversee 
remuneration matters for all controlled 
subsidiaries of Sappi Limited. Its key objectives 
are to:
•	 Make recommendations on remuneration 
policies and practices, including Sappi’s 
employee share schemes
•	 Ensure effective executive succession planning
•	 Review compliance with all statutory and best 
practice requirements on labour and industrial 
relations management.
The committee consisted of five  
Independent Non-executive Directors:
Mr MA Fallon – Chairman
Mr BR Beamish
Mr JM Lopez
Mr RJAM Renders
Mr LL von Zeuner
The Chairman of the company, Mr Nkululeko Sowazi, 
attends committee meetings ex officio while the 
Group CEO, Mr SR Binnie together with Group Head 
Human Resources, Mr Fergus Marupen attend 
meetings by invitation.
Mrs A Mahendranath, Company Secretary, 
attends the meeting as secretary to the 
committee.
The Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee met four times during the year and 
held one telephone conference.
Attendance at meetings by individual members 
is detailed on page 
 155.
The Chairman of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, 
Mr Mike Fallon, Mr Steve Binnie Group CEO, Ms Tracy Wessels Group 
Head Sustainability and Investor Relations and Mr Fergus Marupen, 
Group Head of Human Resources met with key shareholders in 
August 2024 to discuss the remuneration policy.
None of the committee members has any significant personal financial 
interest, or conflict of interest, or any form of cross-directorship, or 
day-to-day involvement in the running of the business.
Executive Directors and managers are not present during committee 
discussions relating to their own compensation.
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee ensures that 
the policy governing compensation practices and structures within the 
group supports the group’s strategy and performance goals. The policy 
also enables the attraction, retention and motivation of executives and 
all employees.
Key decisions regarding directors’ remuneration are summarised 
as follows:
Recommended and approved
•	 The allocation of 2024 performance share awards to Executive 
Directors and all other eligible participants
•	 Salary increases and bonus payments for Executive Directors and 
other key senior managers for 2024
•	 Fee levels for Non-executive Directors of the Sappi Limited board for 
consideration and recommendation to shareholders for approval
•	 The allocation model and the comparator peer group for the 
2024 PSP
•	 Design of the 2025 Sappi Management Plan
•	 The CFRONA
•	 Design of a sustainability measure for inclusion in the PSPs
•	 Fees for the board
•	 Discontinuation of the executive bonus scheme.
Reviewed
•	 The 2023 remuneration report, including the content of the company 
compensation policy and practices, which was put to shareholders for 
a non-binding vote at the AGM in February 2024
•	 Development of the 2024 remuneration report for shareholder 
approval in February 2025
•	 The succession, retirement and development plans for key 
management positions
•	 The group’s industrial relations policy and implementation
•	 The group’s training and development policy and implementation
•	 The investor feedback on the 2023 remuneration report
•	 The status of all benefits funds.
182
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Annual Integrated Report
 

Independent advice
Management engaged the services from the following organisations to assist in compensation work during the year:
Consultancy
Engagement
Mercer
Recommendations in relation to the PSP with reference to:
•	 Allocations and calculation of the TSR performance condition
•	 Peer group additions
•	 Long and short-term incentive measures for the future
•	 Recommendation on appointment fee levels for the Chairman.
KPMG
Verification and sign-off on the MIS measures, ie EBITDA and ROCE.
Verification and auditing of the CFRONA performance condition of the PSPs.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tax 
Services, South Africa
Tax advice to Non-executive Directors
Areas of focus for 2025
Key activities for the committee in 2025 will be, inter alia, the approval of the remuneration and bonuses for Executive Directors 
and senior management. Reviewing and approval of measures for both long and short-term incentives.
After the visits to some key shareholders at the end of August 2024, the committee will also focus on the following:
•	 Implementation of the Sappi Management Plan
•	 Implementation of the new measures for both the long-term and short-term incentive plans
•	 Gender representativity across all Sappi operations
•	 Implementation of the changes as recommended by the new Companies Act.
In addition to the annual work plan as approved by the committee, the Chairman of the committee and senior executives from 
Sappi will, if required, also be visiting key shareholders to discuss issues of mutual concern.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
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GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Compensation strategy and policy
Our compensation packages:
•	 Are designed to attract, retain and motivate executives and all employees to deliver on performance goals and strategy
•	 Are simple, transparent, and aligned with the interests of shareholders
•	 Reflect the views of our investors, shareholder bodies and stakeholders
•	 Are structured in a way that substantial rewards are only paid for exceptional performance and that poor performance does 
not earn an incentive award
•	 Encourage behaviour consistent with the group’s risk and reward philosophy
•	 Have an appropriate and balanced reward mix for Executive Directors and other executive managers based on base pay, 
benefits, and short and long-term incentives within the context of the industry sector
•	 Are applied consistently across the group to promote alignment and fairness
•	 Are designed to pay at the market median for all components of pay, except for short-term incentives, which are targeted 
at the 75th percentile
•	 Are designed to support our Thrive ambitions.
Summary of reward components of Executive Directors and other members of the group 
Executive Committee
The compensation of Executive Directors and other Executive Committee members comprises fixed and variable components.
Purpose
Structure
Opportunity
Fixed
Component 
– Base salary
•	 To reflect market 
value of the role, 
individuals’ skills, 
contribution, 
experience and 
performance
•	 To attract and retain 
key talent.
•	 Paid monthly in cash
•	 Reviewed annually with any increases to be effective 
from 01 January each year
•	 Base salary reviews consider prevailing market practices, 
economic conditions and the levels of base salary 
increase mandates provided to the general employee 
population.
•	 Increases are 
applied in line 
with outcomes 
of performance 
discussions with 
the individuals 
concerned and 
market conditions.
Component 
– Benefits
•	 To provide 
protection and 
market competitive 
benefits to aid 
recruitment and 
retention.
•	 Private medical insurance
•	 Income in the event of death or disability.
These are:
•	 Appropriate in terms of level of seniority
•	 Market-related
•	 Death benefit is a multiple of base salary
•	 Non-pensionable.
•	 None.
Component 
– Pension
•	 To provide 
market-related 
benefits
•	 Facilitate the 
accumulation 
of savings for 
post-retirement 
years.
•	 Comprises defined benefit and defined contribution 
plans
•	 Many defined benefit plans are closed to new hires
•	 Employees in legacy-defined benefit plans continue 
to accrue benefits in such plans for both past and 
future service
•	 Retirement plans differ by region.
•	 Executive members 
of defined 
contribution plans 
receive a company 
contribution of up 
to 18.47% of salary.
Section C: Overview of the remuneration policy
184
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Purpose
Structure
Opportunity
Variable
Component 
– Annual cash 
incentive
•	 Focus participants 
on targets relevant 
to the group’s 
strategic goals
•	 Drive performance
•	 Motivate executives 
to achieve specific 
and stretching 
short-term goals
•	 Reward individuals 
for their personal 
contribution and 
performance.
•	 All measures and objectives are reviewed and set at the 
beginning of the financial year
•	 Payments are reviewed and approved at year end by the 
committee based on performance against the targets
•	 Threshold is required to be met for any bonus payment 
to occur
•	 Target level of bonuses varies from 65% – 85% of base 
salary. See page 
 188
•	 Weightings for 2024 were: EBITDA – 50%; ROCE – 20% 
and Safety – 10%; Individual – 20%
•	 If the agreed target for EBITDA is achieved, a bonus 
award percentage of 100% will be paid for that 
component. A bonus award percentage of up to 150% 
can be earned if 110% or more of the agreed target 
is achieved. If the EBITDA is less than 85% of target, 
no bonus is paid
•	 If the group achieves the agreed target for ROCE, 
a bonus award percentage of 100% will be paid. A bonus 
award percentage of up to 150% can be earned if the 
group achieves 115% or more of the agreed target. 
If the group achieves less than 75% of the target, then 
no bonus award will be paid. ROCE is only measured 
at a group level
•	 Safety performance is measured against LTIFR and the 
lost-time injury severity rate (LTISR)
•	 Contractor hours and injuries are combined with own 
employees for calculation of LTIFR. The combined LTIFR 
accounts for 50% of the MIS safety target
•	 Severity rate is measured by LTISR for both own 
employees and contractors. This amounts to the other 
50% of the MIS safety target
•	 An additional bonus award of 50% can be earned 
on the combined LTIFR portion only if the region 
achieves an LTIFR better than the best ever achieved 
during the past five years. No bonus award will be paid 
if the region’s safety performance actual measures are 
higher than 110% of the best ever achieved during the 
past five years. If a region achieves between 110% and 
100% of the best ever achieved a straight-line prorate 
percentage will be awarded
•	 Bonuses are paid in cash
•	 Non-pensionable
•	 Malus and clawback may be applied in the following 
circumstances:
(i)	
Financial results of the group or a company/business 
unit in the Sappi group have been materially 
misstated
(ii)	 A participant has ceased to be a director 
or employee by reason of gross misconduct and has 
resulted in significant losses to the business
(iii)	 There has been material breach of Code of 
Ethics/law
(iv)	 There has been an erroneous assessment of the 
extent to which any performance conditions have 
been satisfied resulting in a higher vesting outcome.
•	 If targets are 
exceeded, the 
maximum bonus for 
Executive Directors 
is 119% of base 
salary
•	 Regional CEOs can 
earn a maximum 
bonus of 98% 
of base salary
•	 Executive 
Committee 
members and other 
senior managers 
may earn a 
maximum bonus 
of up to 91% of base 
salary
•	 A cash award 
is made.
2024
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185
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Section C: Overview of the remuneration policy continued
Purpose
Structure
Opportunity
Variable
Component 
– Long-term 
share 
incentive 
plans
•	 Align the interests 
of the executive 
members with 
those of the 
shareholder
•	 Reward the 
execution of the 
strategy and 
long-term 
outperformance 
of our competitors
•	 Encourage 
long-term 
commitment to 
the company
•	 Is a wealth creation 
mechanism for 
executive members 
if the company 
outperforms the 
peer group.
•	 Conditional grants awarded annually to Executive 
Directors, Executive Committee members and other 
key senior managers of the company
•	 Straight-line vesting after four years
•	 Performance is measured relative to a peer group 
of 16 other industry-related companies
•	 The number of conditional shares allocated varies 
between the Group CEO and each of the Executive 
Committee members
•	 Measures for 2024 awards were relative TSR – 50%, 
relative CFRONA – 40% and sustainability 
(decarbonisation – progress against SBTi targets) – 10%
•	 Malus and clawback may be applied in the following 
circumstances:
	– Financial results of the group or a company/business 
unit in the Sappi group have been materially misstated
	– A participant has ceased to be a director or employee 
by reason of gross misconduct and has resulted 
in significant losses to the business
	– There has been material breach of Code of Ethics/law
	– There has been an erroneous assessment of the 
extent to which any performance conditions have 
been satisfied resulting in a higher vesting outcome.
•	 A higher share price 
will benefit the 
participants.
•	 Voluntary minimum 
shareholding 
requirement for 
prescribed officers.
•	 The target holding as a multiple of annual base salary. 
The requirement is that the CEO should hold three times 
annual base salary. The CFO two times and all other 
prescribed officers at one times annual base salary
•	 The acquisition of shares will primarily be achieved 
by vesting PSPs.
Component 
– Service 
contracts
•	 Provide 
an appropriate level 
of protection 
to both the 
executive and 
to Sappi.
•	 Executive committee members have notice periods 
by the company of 12 months or less
•	 Separation agreements, when appropriate, are 
negotiated with the individual concerned with prior 
approval being obtained in terms of our governance 
structures.
•	 In circumstances 
where there 
is a significant 
likelihood 
of a transaction 
involving the Sappi 
group or a business 
unit, limited change 
in control 
protections may 
be agreed and 
implemented 
if deemed 
necessary for 
retention purposes.
Approach to remuneration benchmarks
Executive compensation is benchmarked on data provided in national executive compensation surveys, for countries in which 
executives are domiciled, as well as information disclosed in the annual reports of listed companies of the Johannesburg Stock 
Exchange. Sappi participates in and uses data from global remuneration surveys, ie PwC, Mercer, Kornferry, Remchannel et al, 
to determine appropriate remuneration levels. Ensuring appropriate peer information to retain the integrity and appropriateness 
of the benchmark data is a key task of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee. Executive pay is benchmarked 
every alternate year.
When the committee considered the executive director increases for 2024, the committee looked at data from all the above 
survey houses matching the respective Hay Reward Levels and job to the market 50th percentile which is Sappi’s compensation 
philosophy. The committee applies judgement when considering such data to ensure competitive salary structures as well 
as internal and external equity is maintained.
The remuneration package for a newly appointed Executive Director is set in accordance with the terms of the group’s approved 
remuneration policy in force at the time of appointment. The variable remuneration for a new Executive Director is determined 
in the same way as for existing Executive Directors. For internal and external appointments, the group may meet certain 
relocation expenses, as appropriate.
186
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Service contracts
Mr Binnie and Mr Pearce have ongoing employment contracts which require six months’ notice of termination by the employee 
and 12 months’ notice of termination by the company.
Depending on their location, Executive Committee members have ongoing employment contracts which require between three 
to six months’ notice of termination by the employee and six to 12 months’ notice of termination by the company.
Other than in the case of termination for cause, the company may terminate the Executive Directors’ service contracts by making 
payment in lieu of notice equal to the value of the base salary plus benefits which they would have received during the notice 
period.
Executive Directors are required to retire from the company at the age of 65 years. The retirement age of Executive Committee 
members is generally between the ages of 65 years and 67 years and differs by region.
Choice of performance measures and approach to target setting
Short-term incentive: Management incentive scheme (MIS)
The table below shows the metrics and why they were chosen and how targets are set.
Metric
Relevance
How do we set the targets?
EBITDA
50%
A key indicator of the underlying profit 
performance of the group, reflecting both 
revenues and costs. Aligns closely with our 
strategic goals of achieving cost advantages 
and growth. More efficient water, energy and 
raw material usage is also encouraged.
Targets and ranges are set each year by the board taking 
account of required progress towards strategic goals, 
and the prevailing market conditions.
The EBITDA will be as reported in the Income Statement 
and the items below will be excluded from the target and 
actual:
•	 Plantations fair value by adding back both the ‘fair 
value plantations adjustment – volume’, ‘price’ and 
‘fellings’
•	 External securitisation costs
•	 MIS, share scheme costs and production bonus.
ROCE
20%
A key indicator of the underlying returns that 
the group achieves on its capital employed.
Achieving a ROCE over time that outperforms 
the group’s WACC + 2% over the cycle will 
ensure alignment of the group’s returns 
targets with those expected by the group’s 
shareholders.
A key measure for capital expenditure 
decision making.
ROCE will be defined as operating profit 
excluding special items divided by average 
capital employed:
•	 Operating profit achieved will be as 
reported in the income statement including 
any adjustments and excluding other 
non-operating costs and special items
•	 Capital employed is shareholders’ equity 
plus net debt less spend on capex projects 
which are not yet in production
•	 Average capital employed will be defined 
as the trailing 12-month average capital 
employed as defined above
•	 Fair value price adjustment will be excluded 
from operating profit for this calculation 
(this is excluded because of the short-term 
nature of this incentive scheme)
•	 Over time Sappi will deliver returns 
outperforming our cost of capital.
Targets and ranges are set each year by the board taking 
account of the required progress towards strategic 
goals, and the prevailing market conditions.
2024
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Remuneration report continued
Section C: Overview of the remuneration policy continued
Choice of performance measures and approach to target setting continued
Short-term incentive: Management incentive scheme (MIS) continued
Metric
Relevance
How do we set the targets?
Safety
10%
A core value of the company and one of the 
key indicators of whether the business 
is meeting its sustainability goal of zero harm.
The committee considers input from the Social, Ethics, 
Transformation and Sustainability (SETS) Committee 
and sets appropriate standards and goals. Safety 
performance is measured against LTIFR (50%) as well 
as LTISR (50%).
An additional bonus award of 50% can be earned 
on the combined LTIFR portion only if the region 
achieves an LTIFR better than the best ever achieved 
during the past five years. No bonus award will be paid 
if the region’s safety performance actual measures are 
higher than 110% of the best ever achieved during the 
past five years. If a region achieves between 100% and 
110% of the best ever achieved a straight-line prorate 
percentage will be awarded.
Individual 
performance
20%
An indicator of the contribution of each 
Executive Director, individual performance 
for relevant managers. Includes several key 
non-financial targets in relation to ESG, major 
capital projects, gender equality and BBBEE 
in the case of South Africa.
Priorities are set for the CEO by the Chairman of the 
board in line with the business plan for the applicable 
year. Targets and ranges are then cascaded to the rest 
of the business teams. These are reviewed as part of an 
annual review with the Chairman.
The bonus payment opportunity available to Executive Directors and Executive Committee members is as follows:
On-target bonus
Maximum bonus potential
Executive Director
85% of base salary
119% of annual base salary
Regional CEO
70% of base salary
98% of annual base salary
Other prescribed officers (ie Executive Committee 
members)
65% of base salary
91% of annual base salary
See pages 
 198 and 199 for remuneration details.
Remuneration at different performance 
levels
The chart below illustrates the total potential remuneration 
(base pay and short-term incentives) for Executive Director 
at different performance levels.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Maximum
Target
100%
85%
100%
119%
Remuneration  levels  (CEO and  CFO)
Base pay
Short-term 
incentive (MIS)
Base pay
Short-term 
incentive (MIS)
Long-term incentives are excluded from these scenarios 
as their vesting depends on longer-term performance 
conditions being met.
Performance share plan (PSP)
The PSP provides for annual awards of conditional 
performance shares which are subject to meeting 
performance targets measured over a four-year period. 
These awards will only vest if Sappi’s performance, relative 
to a peer group of 16 other industry-related companies 
is ranked at median or above the median.
The performance criteria are relative TSR, relative CFRONA 
and sustainability.
188
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The table below shows the metrics and why they were chosen and how targets are set.
Metric
Relevance
How do we set the targets?
TSR50%
TSR measures the total returns to Sappi’s 
shareholders, providing close alignment with 
shareholder interests.
The committee sets the performance requirements for 
each grant. A peer group of packaging and paper sector 
companies is used. Nothing vests in positions 10 – 17 of 
the peer group. Vesting increases from 25% at position 
nine to 100% for positions one to five.
CFRONA
40%
A key indicator of the effective use of capital.
CFRONA is calculated as cash available from 
operating activities, divided by average total 
assets (excluding cash) less interest-free 
liabilities. This measure is calculated using 
a simple annual average over the previous 
four-year period.
The committee sets the performance requirements for 
each grant. A peer group of packaging and paper sector 
companies is used. No vesting occurs in positions 
10 – 17 of the peer group. Vesting increases from 25% 
at position nine to 100% for positions one to five.
Sustainability
10%
The commitment is to reduce Scope 1 and 
Scope 2 GHG emission intensity by 41.5% 
per ton of product by 2030 from a 2019 
base year.
Average over a four-year period against the approved 
SBTi pathway​.
Peer group
 
The remaining peer 
group for the 
2020 PSP award 
consisted of the 
following industry-
related companies
•	 BillerudKorsnäs
•	 Borrogaard
•	 Holmen
•	 International Paper
•	 Lenzing
•	 Metsá Board
•	 Mondi Plc
•	 Rayonier Advance 
Materials
•	 Smurfit Westrock
•	 Stora Enso
•	 Suzano
•	 UPM-Kymmene
 
Vesting schedule
The original vesting schedule for 2020 allocation for both 
TSR and CFRONA is as follows:
Position
Vesting
1 – 5
100%
6
80%
7
65%
8
45%
9
25%
10 – 17
0%
Adjusted vesting schedule for 2020 allocations
There has been an increase in M&A activity in Sappi’s peer 
group. Various peer group companies have been replaced 
or removed. In 2020, Sappi tasked Mercer, a specialist 
remuneration consultancy, to provide alternatives to ensure 
the robustness of the comparator group and the integrity 
of the vesting schedule.
To date, Sappi has applied the ‘follow the money’ 
methodology for all in-flight PSPs impacted by M&A by 
removing peers that have been subject to M&A activity and 
adjusting the vesting schedule. This ensured that the TSR 
targets remain as challenging as before. The recalibration 
of this kind follows a set of standard principles that will ensure 
fairness for shareholders and participants. This will result 
in fewer peers for the mentioned outstanding cycles.
The adjusted schedule for the 2020 allocation for both TSR 
and CFRONA is as follow:
Position
Vesting
1 – 4
100%
5
75%
6
50%
7
25%
8 – 13
0%
2024
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GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Section C: Overview of the remuneration policy continued
Disclosure
In this report, Sappi discloses vested as well as grant 
performance share values.
Malus and clawback
Awards made to the CEO, CFO and prescribed officers under 
Sappi’s MIS and PSP are subject to both malus and clawback 
provisions which may be applied during the period of two 
years after the date of vesting or granting. Clawback refers 
to the recovery of paid or vested amounts and malus refers 
to the reduction, including to nil, of unvested or unpaid 
amounts. Malus and clawback may be applied in the following 
circumstances:
•	 Financial results of the group or a company/business unit 
in the Sappi group have been materially misstated
•	 A participant has ceased to be a director or employee 
by reason of gross misconduct and has resulted 
in significant losses to the business
•	 There has been material breach of Code of Ethics/law
•	 There has been an erroneous assessment of the extent 
to which any performance conditions have been satisfied 
resulting in a higher vesting outcome.
New incentive measures that will be 
introduced in October 2025
After consultations with shareholders in 2023 and 2024, 
Sappi has embarked on a process to modify existing LTIPs 
and measures. The focus of the change was to limit the 
complex plans to fewer executives that have a greater 
influence on the performance of the company. The result will 
be a PSP scheme with fewer participants and more relevant 
measures. ROCE will be removed from the short-term 
incentive plan and be introduced as a long-term measure. 
We view ROCE as appropriate for the long-term incentive and 
will be measured against WACC. These changes will further 
contribute to the alignment of shareholders and executives.
Parallel to this scheme, the Sappi Management Plan will 
be introduced in October 2025 to a broader employee base 
for the group directly below those participating in the PSP 
scheme. This will be simplistic and can serve as an effective 
retention tool for Sappi. This plan will be time-based. The 
rules of the Sappi Limited PSP, which allows for the 
operation of both schemes, were approved by the JSE 
on 18 November 2024. It will subsequently be submitted for 
shareholder approval in February 2025. See Resolution 
on page 
 218.
Both these schemes are depicted in the infographics below 
and on the next page.
In the MIS, working capital has been identified as an 
appropriate measure to replace ROCE. This is a key indicator 
of accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management 
and stock levels. Achieving optimum working capital levels 
in the business requires efficient use of resources throughout 
the supply chain and influences cash management, a key 
pillar of our strategy. Net working capital as a percentage 
of sales will be used a measure.
The executive bonus scheme was discontinued from 
01 October 2024.
The Sappi management plan – key features
Participants
Allocation
Employees 
who previously 
participated in the 
PSP (approximately 460)
No performance 
conditions as per 
the PSP scheme, 
ie TSR or CFRONA
Shares will be 
delivered to 
participants. 
Allocations will be 
determined based 
on historical 
vesting of PSP
Fixed number 
of shares 
to be allocated 
to all participants
excluding lead teams
Tax treatment 
as per the 
region/country
Time based, ie 
the participant 
should be in the
employment of Sappi 
on date of vesting, 
will be prorated 
in the case 
of good leaver status
Total value = number 
of shares allocated 
X the share
price at date 
of vesting
Performance
conditions
Full vesting of all 
shares after four years. 
Strong retention tool
Time based
Shares
Value
Vesting
Tax
190
2024
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The PSP will be limited to approximately 40 senior executives at a group and regional level. New measures will be introduced 
to align this group of people to shareholder objectives. These changes will be introduced as from 01 October 2025 and 
communication will start after the AGM approvals in February 2025. See infographic below.
Changes to the current PSP scheme
Participation
All these measures are externally ratified by KPMG and Mercer
10% participation under 
Sappi management plan
ROCE as a measure (20%)
Performance 
conditions
Restrict participation in the PSP 
to approximately 40 people
 – group Executive Committee, 
reginal lead teams and other 
key people (HRL23+).
• ROCE will be measured as 
 operating profit excluding special 
 items plus/minus fair
 value price adjustment divided by
 average capital employed
• This calculation will be over an average
 over a four-year period
• 100% vesting at WACC +2%.
Retain TSR at 40%, 
CFRONA at 20% and 
sustainability at 10%.
• Contribute to the minimum 
 shareholding requirement 
 for senior employees
• Will enhance retention
• Replaces the executive bonus scheme.
Summary of long-term incentive measures: PSP to be introduced in October 2025
Metric
Relevance
Application
TSR40%
TSR measures the total returns to Sappi’s 
shareholders, providing close alignment with 
shareholder interests.
Long-term timeframe of four years and will be measured 
against peer group.
Externally measured by a third party.
ROCE
20%
ROCE will be measured:
•	 As operating profit including fair value 
price adjustment excluding special Items 
divided by average capital employed. This 
calculation will be over a four-year average
•	 Capital employed is shareholder’s equity 
plus net debt
•	 Average four-year capital employed will 
be defined as the sum of the opening and 
closing capital employed for each year 
divided by two.
Achievement of this performance condition will 
be against the WACC. The WACC will be nominal pre-tax 
at the end of September (not trend WACC) applying 
a pro-rata weighting of the regional net assets 
to determine the consolidated net WACC. The target will 
be an average of the last four years September WACC. 
Target vesting of 100% will be at WACC + 2%.
CFRONA
20%
A key indicator of the effective use of capital.
CFRONA is calculated as cash available from 
operating activities, divided by average total 
assets (excluding cash) less interest-free 
liabilities. This measure is calculated using 
a simple annual average over the previous 
four-year period.
This measure is against a peer group. Internally 
calculated and signed off by the external auditors.
2024
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191
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Remuneration report continued
Section C: Overview of the remuneration policy continued
Metric
Relevance
Application
Sustainability 
(Sappi’s science-
based 
decarbonisation 
targets)
10%
Sustainability measured against SBTi 
validated decarbonisation target.
Internally measured and verified by external auditors 
against approved SBTi path.
Sappi management 
plan
10%
New plan introduced for employees below 
the group and regional lead teams. Group and 
regional lead teams will participate at 10%.
Plan is focused on the retention of skills 
in the business.
Allowing a portion of vesting of the total PSP 
allocation under this scheme would enhance 
retention and minimum shareholding 
requirement for senior people.
Part of the total allocation will be based on this scheme.
ROCE vesting schedule for the PSP measure will be as follows:
Weighting
Basis of measure
Vesting​
20% of PSP
Average ROCE (including fair value price adjustment) against 
the average WACC over a four-year period.
25%
100%
WACC
WACC + 2%
All calculations and disclosures audited by KPMG.
Remuneration policy for Non-executive Directors (fees)
Sappi may reimburse the reasonable expenses of board directors that relate to their duties on behalf of Sappi. Sappi may also 
provide advice and assistance with board directors’ tax returns where these are impacted by the duties they undertake on behalf 
of Sappi.
All Non-executive Directors have letters of appointment with Sappi Limited for an initial period of three years. In accordance with 
best practice, Non-executive Directors are subject to re-election at the AGMs after the three-year period. Appointments may 
be terminated by Sappi with six months’ notice. No compensation is payable on termination, other than accrued fees and 
expenses.
Element
Purpose
How it works
Fees
Non-executive 
Chairman 
(fees)
•	 To attract and retain a 
high-calibre Chairman, with 
the necessary experience 
and skills
•	 To provide fees which take 
account of the time 
commitment and 
responsibilities of the role.
•	 The Chairman receives an 
all-inclusive fee.
•	 The Chairman’s fees are 
reviewed periodically by the 
committee
•	 Fees are set by reference 
to market median data for 
companies of similar size and 
complexity to Sappi.
Other Non-
executive 
Directors (fees)
•	 To attract and retain high-
calibre non-executives, with 
the necessary experience 
and skills
•	 To provide fees which take 
account of the time 
commitment and 
responsibilities of the role.
•	 The non-executives are paid 
a basic fee
•	 Attendance fees are also paid 
to reflect the requirement for 
Non-executive Directors 
to attend meetings in various 
international locations
•	 The chairmen of the main board 
committees and the Lead 
Independent Director are paid 
additional fees to reflect their 
extra responsibilities.
•	 Non-executive Directors’ fees 
are reviewed periodically by 
the Chairman and Human 
Resources and Compensation 
Committee
•	 Fees are set by reference 
to market median data for 
companies of similar size and 
complexity to Sappi.
192
2024
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Non-executive Director succession: An overview
A.  Key considerations
Expertise
Relevant business skills and 
expertise.
Tenure
Having the right mix of 
Non-executive Directors 
with a focus on experience, 
knowledge and new 
thinking.
Diversity and inclusion 
considered
Gender, race and location.
Understanding the Sappi 
business environment
Understanding the cyclical 
nature of the pulp and 
paper industry.
B.  Annual review of the composition and effectiveness of the board
•	 Every second year an independent evaluation of the board and individual member effectiveness
•	 Nomination and Governance Committee reviews the composition of the board three times per annum, looking at size, 
knowledge, experience, tenure, expertise, diversity and overall mix of the board
•	 The independence of the Non-executive Directors is subject to a robust annual review by the Nominations and Governance 
Committee.
C.  Process
Succession/vacancy
Nominations and 
Governance Committee 
consider the key issues 
and criteria.
Appointment 
of a specialist 
recruitment agency
Provide a shortlist 
on candidates to the 
Nominations and 
Governance Committee.
Interviews
Completed by the 
Nominations and 
Governance Committee.
Appointment
Followed by a detailed 
induction plan.
Three new Non-executive Directors were appointed since September 2022, namely, Mr Louis von Zeuner, Mrs Eleni Istavridis 
and Mr Nkululeko Sowazi. As announced in November 2023, Mr Sowazi has been appointed as Chairman. Sir Nigel Rudd and 
Mr Peter Mageza retired from the board in February 2024. Mr Mohammed Valli Moosa will retire at the end of December 2024. 
Total female representation will be 33%.
Board
1 January 2024
1 January 2025
Number of members
12
9
Average age
63.58
62.2
Average tenure
7.4 years
5.9 years
2024
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Remuneration report continued
Section D: Remuneration implementation report
Remuneration structure
Total remuneration comprises fixed pay (ie base salary 
and benefits) and variable performance-related pay, which 
is divided further into short-term incentives with a one-year 
performance period and long-term incentives which have 
a four-year performance period as detailed in Section C. 
Our compensation policy aims to have a balance between 
guaranteed package, short and long-term incentives. 
All of these are verified by external service providers.
Reward mix
The five elements of our reward mix and the remuneration 
outcomes for Executive Directors and Executive Committee 
members are detailed in the following section:
Base salary
The Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
approved the level of base salary for each Executive Director, 
Executive Committee member and other key senior managers.
The salary increases were based on individuals’ 
performances and contributions, internal relativities, inflation 
rates in the countries of operation, general market salary 
movement and overall affordability.
In January 2024, Mr Binnie received a salary increase of 6.5% 
on the South African portion of his salary and 4% on the 
offshore portion of his salary. Mr Pearce received a salary 
increase of 7% on the South African portion of his salary and 
4% on the offshore portion of his salary. Their salaries were 
US$667,449 per annum and US$378,107 per annum, 
respectively.
The same salary increase percentages were applied 
in determining the salary increases for Executive Committee 
members and general staff, dependent on location.
Retirement benefits
Retirement benefits are largely in the form of defined 
contribution schemes. In some instances, legacy-defined 
benefit schemes exist. Almost all the defined benefit 
schemes are closed to new hires.
Mr Binnie and Mr Pearce are both members of defined 
contribution funds and the total employee and company 
contribution is ZAR350,000 each.
Short-term incentive
A performance threshold of 85% of budgeted EBITDA for 
the group is required before any bonus can be paid to 
participants in the group scheme.
The year 2024 has seen a transformational change in Sappi. 
Restructuring in Europe and the investments in Saiccor Mill 
and Somerset Mill were clearly the right strategy to drive 
lower costs in graphic papers and growth in packaging 
papers and dissolving wood pulp (DWP). The key task for 
management was to deliver the plan on time, within cost 
estimates and driving the benefits of these investments. 
During this time, it was important to retain the mill sales post 
the successful closures of the Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills. 
Therefore, in October 2023 the board set appropriate 
short-term targets to drive this transformation. All aspects 
are progressing to plan and cost, and are positioning well 
for future growth and lower fixed costs.
For the MIS purposes, the group achieved an adjusted 
EBITDA of US$731 million and a ROCE of 12.56%. In the 
graphic papers and packaging papers segments, the size 
and speed of the demand rebound following 2023 falls 
remained below expectations, shrinking market sizes 
considerably resulting in 716,000 tons of commercial 
downtime. However, through strong customer management, 
cost reductions and a strong DWP sector performance, 
the ROCE exceeded the cost of capital by 4%.
194
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The table below summarises the scoring methodology for the short-term incentive measures (MIS) and maximum potential 
points allocation.
Metric 
Points 
allocated 
for 100% 
achievement 
of target
Potential bonus points for exceeding target 
Total 
possible 
points 
EBITDA 
50
Additional 25 points if EBITDA achievement is 110% of target; linear 
sliding scale allocation of the 25 bonus points between 100% – 110% 
achievement
75
ROCE 
20
Additional 10 points if ROCE achievement is 115% of target; linear sliding 
scale allocation of the 10 bonus points between 100% – 115% achievement
30
Safety – LTIFR 
5
Additional 2.5 points if LTIFR is best ever during last five years
7.5
Safety – LTISR
5
n/a
5
Personal 
20
n/a 
20
Total
100
 
137.5
If targets are exceeded:
•	 The maximum bonus for Executive Directors is 119% of base salary
•	 The maximum bonus for Regional CEOs is 98% of base salary
•	 The maximum bonus for Executive Committee members and other senior managers is 91% of base salary.
The table below summarises the FY2024 targets and outcomes on each of the short-term incentive measures (MIS) and points 
allocated.
Metric1
FY2024
target
FY2024
actual
% 
achievement
Points 
allocated 
Bonus 
points for 
exceeding 
target 
Total 
points 
EBITDA 
US$678m
US$731m 
108%
50
19.4
69.4
ROCE
9.04%
12.56%2
139%
20
10
30
Safety – LTIFR 
0.27
0.20
No points awarded for safety due to fatality 
0
Safety – LTISR 
14.07
31.01
0
Personal 
See details on page 
 196.
19
1	 Refer to definitions of metrics for MIS purposes on page 
 187.
2	 The ROCE of 12.56% was above the pre-tax WACC of 8.37%.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
195
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Section D: Remuneration implementation report continued
Personal objectives of executives for 2024 MIS
The Executive Directors share many key objectives and also have individual objectives that are specific to their roles. Key 
objectives, and achievements against these objectives during 2024, included:
Thrive objectives
Achievements
•	 Invest for growth in DWP
•	 Invest for growth in packaging 
and speciality papers
•	 Improve and sustain the 
balance sheet and leverage
Achieved (2020 – 2023)
•	 Net debt dramatically reduced from US$2 billion (2019) to US$1.4 billion (2024). 
Increase in debt from prior year was planned and associated with strategic growth 
capex and restructuring of European business
•	 Major investments in SSA dissolving wood pulp and SNA packaging and speciality 
papers grades, supported by strong market growth
•	 SSA and SNA on solid ground.
Work in progress (2024 – 2025)
•	 Plans in place to manage the excess graphic papers exposure in Europe and 
North America
•	 Grow SEU packaging and speciality papers from a solid base
•	 ROCE above WACC for 2024:
	– ROCE = 12.56%
	– WACC = 8.37%.
Drive the safety first principles 
across Sappi operations with 
continued improvement on 
overall measured by the injury 
index and severity index
Best-ever LTIFR performance achieved in each region
Region
Target
Achievement
Group LTIFR
0.27
0.22
SSA – LTIFR
0.20
0.21
SEU – LTIFR
0.35
0.33
SNA – LTIFR
0.1
0.09
Reduce exposure to graphic 
papers (convert/sell/close)
•	 Progressed the PM2 conversion at Somerset Mill on time and budget
•	 Reduced capacity with the closures of Lanaken and Stockstadt Mills
•	 Project to produce wet strength labels on Gratkorn Mill PM9 completed.
Grow the business
•	 Biotech – furfural pilot plant built at Saiccor Mill
•	 Conversion at PM2 at Somerset Mill to be completed in April 2025
•	 Forestry growth opportunities on track.
Progress on sustainability 
targets
•	 SBTi plan execution in progress (reduce GHG by 41% – 2030)
•	 Comprehensive TCFD disclosure on climate risks and opportunities
•	 Significant decarbonisation achieved from abatement investments
•	 Decarbonisation now a measure in the long-term incentive
•	 Waste-to-landfill targets exceeded
•	 Certified fibre target exceeded.
Efficiency and cost containment
•	 Production stability across all regions – focus was on Ngodwana, Saiccor and 
Tugela Mills
•	 Continue with balanced approach to maintaining assets – ensure complying with 
maintenance obligations
•	 Ensure the right skills are in place to maintain and grow the business.
Drive the investor relations 
programme
•	 Action plan to support the share price. 
People development
•	 All actions in relation to the 2023 Employee Engagement survey are at 84% 
completed
•	 Strong succession is in place for all key positions across the business
•	 Time Magazine recognised Sappi as #623 as part of their top 1,000 companies
•	 Forbes Magazine placed Sappi 483 out of 850 companies for the World’s Best 
Companies for 2024
•	 Forbes magazine placed Sappi seventh overall for the World’s Top Companies 
for Women 2024. 
196
2024
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The Chairman conducted a formal review with the CEO and 
scored him 19 out of 20 points on the achievement of the 
stated objectives.
As detailed in the remuneration policy, the short-term 
incentive opportunity for Mr Binnie and Mr Pearce for 
2024 was:
•	 Mr Binnie – 85% of annual salary X 118.32% (business 
+ personal performance) = 101% of total annual salary
•	 Mr Pearce – 85% of annual salary X 117.32% (business 
+ personal performance) = 100% of total annual salary.
PSP outcomes for 2024
For the four-year period ended September 2024, Sappi’s 
performance relative to the peer group measured on TSR 
was ranked second resulting in a 100% vesting on the TSR 
component. The determination of the vesting of the shares 
was provided by Mercer, an independent third party.
For the four-year period ended September 2024, Sappi’s 
performance relative to the peer group measured on 
CFRONA was ranked fourth, resulting in 100% vesting 
on the CFRONA component. This result was verified by 
KPMG, our external auditors.
In aggregate, therefore 100% of the total 2020 awards 
vested. This is detailed in the two graphs below.
100
75
50
25
0
2020 TSR vesting schedule (% of awards vesting)
25
50
75
100
100
100
100
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
First
Sappi’s TSR rank versus comparators
100
75
50
25
0
2020 CFRONA vesting schedule (% of awards vesting)
25
50
75
100
100
100
100
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
First
Sappi’s CFRONA rank versus comparators
In November 2020, Mr Binnie was granted 
250,000 conditional performance plan shares, of which 
250,000 of the allocation will vest in November 2024.
In November 2020, Mr Pearce was granted 
115,000 conditional performance plan shares, of which 
115,000 of the allocation will vest in November 2024.
The historical vesting of PSP awards:
Share awards
2020
%
2021
%
2022
%
2023
%
2024
%
TSR
0
0
0
0
100
CFRONA
100
25
100
75
100
Aggregate
50
12.5
50
37.5
100
PSP allocations for 2024
Each year, Mercer Kepler provides management with 
a recommendation for an appropriate pool size. For the 
2024 allocation, it was approved to grant the number 
of shares implied by the same ZAR value of the previous year 
PSP awards, where share value is based on trailing long-run 
average share price at grant (eg 12 months). This approach 
has been applied for the last five years and is consistent with 
recommendations by our shareholders, to disclose the 
allocation method.
Mr Binnie was awarded 210,000 conditional performance plan 
shares in November 2024 that will vest in November 2028.
Mr Pearce was awarded 117,000 conditional performance plan 
shares in November 2024 that will vest in November 2028.
Dilution
If all outstanding plan shares were to vest as at 
September 2024, the resulting dilution effect would 
be 3.11% (2023: 2.98%, 2022: 2.79%, 2021: 2.53%, 
2020: 2.12%) of issued ordinary share capital excluding 
treasury shares.
Voluntary minimum share holding
A voluntary minimum requirement has been introduced for all 
prescribed officers. The target holding as a multiple of annual 
base salary needs to be achieved within a period of five years 
from date of appointment.
The requirement is that the CEO should hold three times 
annual base salary, up from his previous two times. The CFO 
two times and all other prescribed officers at one times 
annual base salary.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
197
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Remuneration report continued
Section D: Remuneration implementation report continued
The acquisition of shares will primarily be achieved by vesting PSPs. However, individuals can also purchase shares during the 
normal open period with the appropriate approvals. SENS announcements will be applicable. Good progress has been made 
on this requirement, despite low vesting on the PSPs and minimal short-term incentive payments.
Shareholding 
Prescribed Officer
Target 
minimum
Number 
of shares 
(Sept 2024)
Value 
of shares
US$
Actual 
multiple
Requirement
SR Binnie
3x
 488,000 
1,307,840
 2.3 
N
GT Pearce
2x
 225,384 
604,029
 1.9 
N
M Eikelenboom*
1x
 44,568 
119,442
 0.2 
N
M Haws
1x
 91,600 
245,488
 0.6 
N
A Thiel
1x
 643,152 
1,723,647
 5.1 
Y
M van Hoven
1x
 240,537 
644,639
 3.6 
Y
L Kruyshaar**
1x
 59,196 
158,645
 0.8 
N
F Marupen
1x
 114,550 
306,994
 1.6 
Y
M Mansoor
1x
 100,050 
268,134
 0.8 
N
Average share price of US$2.68 (ZAR46.58) for September 2024.
Based on the base salary as at 1 January 2021.
*	 Based on base salary as at 1 April 2021 for M Eikelenboom.
**	 Based on base salary as at 1 January 2024 for L Kruyshaar.
Overall summary of the remuneration disclosure for Executive Directors and 
Prescribed Officers
Executive Directors’ emoluments for 2024 (US Dollar)
Short-term compensation (STC)
Subtotal 
STC
LTIP
(value of 
shares 
vested 
this year*)
Total
Executive Director
Base 
salary
US$
Annual 
cash award
US$
Other 
income 
(excess 
over 
ZAR350,000 
pension)
US$
Benefits 
and 
pension
US$
A
US$
B
US$
A + B
US$
SR Binnie
581,824
585,119
85,625
81,471
1,334,039
683,412
2,017,451
GT Pearce
336,539
335,583
41,568
56,492
770,182
314,369
1,084,551
Total
918,363
920,702
127,193
137,963
2,104,221
997,781
3,102,002
*	 LTIP, also referred to as PSP.
•	 Local earnings are translated into the reporting currency (US$) using the average exchange rate over the financial year. 
The average rate for SA Rand strengthened by 2% against the US Dollar
•	 Due to the earnings currencies (ZAR) weakening against the reporting currency (US$) over the year, this had the effect 
of showing earnings in US$ terms to be lower
•	 Base salary – the actual salary earned during 2024
•	 Performance-related remuneration – the actual value earned in 2024 based on the rules of the MIS. Payments based 
on three months of 2023 (October to December) and nine months (January to September) of 2024 base salary
•	 Contributions paid under pension and medical aid schemes – the annual contribution paid by the company into a defined 
benefit fund on behalf of the members determined as a percentage of their base salary
•	 Long-term shares vested in November 2024.
198
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Annual Integrated Report
 

LTIP benefit: 2024 allocation (will vest in 2028)
Executive Director
Number 
of shares
Share price 
at allocation
ZAR
Total 
awarded 
benefit*
US$
SR Binnie
210,000
50.04
566,928 
GT Pearce
117,000
50.04
315,860 
*	 Assuming 100% vesting on both performance conditions.
Executive Directors’ emoluments for 2023 (US Dollar)
Short-term compensation (STC)
Subtotal 
STC
LTIP 
(value of 
shares 
vested 
this year*)
Total
Executive Director
Base 
salary
US$
Annual 
cash award
US$
Other 
allowances
US$
Benefits 
and 
pension
US$
A
US$
B
US$
A + B
US$
SR Binnie
532,564 
 79,460 
 17,376 
76,477 
 705,877 
 129,942 
 835,819 
GT Pearce
 307,550 
 45,864 
 9,875 
 54,008 
 417,298 
 59,140 
 476,438 
Total
 840,114 
 125,324 
 27,251 
 130,485 
 1,123,175 
 189,082 
 1,312,257 
*	 LTIP, also referred to as PSP.
•	 Local earnings are translated into the reporting currency (US$) using the average exchange rate over the financial year. 
The average rate for SA Rand and Swiss Franc’s weakened by 15% and 3% respectively against the US Dollar
•	 Due to the earnings currencies (ZAR) weakening against the reporting currency (US$) over the year, this had the effect 
of showing earnings in US$ terms to be lower
•	 Base salary – the actual salary earned during 2023
•	 Performance-related remuneration – the actual value earned in 2023 based on the rules of the MIS
•	 Sums paid by way of expense allowance – expenses allowed
•	 Contributions paid under pension and medical aid schemes – the annual contribution paid by the company into a defined 
benefit fund on behalf of the members determined as a percentage of their base salary
•	 Long-term shares vested in November 2023.
Prescribed officers/Executive Committee members (US Dollar)
Prescribed officers are members of the group Executive Committee.
The table below sets out the remuneration for Prescribed officers for 2024:
Short-term compensation (STC)
Subtotal 
STC
LTIP 
(value of 
shares 
vested 
this year)
Total
Prescribed officer
Base 
salary
US$
Annual 
cash award
US$
Other 
income 
(excess 
over 
ZAR350,000 
pension)
US$
Benefits 
and 
pension
US$
A
US$
B
US$
A + B
US$
M Eikelenboom 
715,926 
343,563 
–
158,992 
1,218,481 
377,243 
1,595,724 
M Haws
494,646 
392,283 
–
58,531 
945,460 
377,243 
1,322,703 
A Thiel
345,886 
289,568 
44,001 
55,138 
734,593 
377,243 
1,111,836 
M van Hoven
185,333 
141,324 
14,615 
44,503 
385,775 
292,500 
678,275 
G Bowles
89,628 
73,341 
9,351 
16,544 
188,864 
300,701 
489,565 
F Marupen
195,999 
149,457 
16,307 
43,106 
404,869 
251,495 
656,364 
M Mansoor
336,786
306,563 
142,347 
89,111 
874,807 
218,692 
1,093,499 
L Kruyshaar
210,115 
160,051 
–
65,107 
435,273 
177,687 
612,960 
Total
2,574,319 
1,856,150 
226,621
531,032 
5,188,122 
2,372,804 
7,560,926 
2024
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199
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Remuneration report continued
Section D: Remuneration implementation report continued
LTIP benefit: 2024 allocation (will vest in 2028)
Prescribed officer
Number 
of shares
Share price 
at allocation
ZAR
Total 
awarded 
benefit*
US$
M van Hoven
91,000
50.04
245,669 
F Marupen
81,000
50.04
218,672 
A Thiel
117,000
50.04
315,860 
M Eikelenboom
117,000
50.04
315,860 
M Haws
117,000
50.04
315,860 
M Mansoor
70,000
50.04
188,976 
L Kruyshaar
81,000
50.04
218,672 
*	 Assuming 100% vesting on the three performance conditions.
The table below sets out the remuneration for prescribed officers for 2023:
Short-term compensation (STC)
Subtotal 
STC
LTIP 
(value of 
shares 
vested 
this year)
Total
Prescribed officer
Base 
salary
US$
Annual 
cash award
US$
Other 
allowances**
US$
Benefits 
and 
pension
US$
A
US$
B
US$
A + B
US$
M Eikelenboom 
548,789 
 61,453 
 4,772 
 123,839 
 738,853 
 22,490 
 761,343 
M Haws
 474,601 
 250,186 
 – 
 55,259 
 780,046 
 71,634 
 851,680 
A Thiel
 318,555 
 197,119 
 10,698 
 22,270 
 548,642 
 71,634 
 620,276 
M van Hoven
 170,887 
 19,488 
 5,493 
 43,950 
 239,818 
 55,808 
 295,626 
G Bowles
 251,584 
 31,034 
 9,222 
 48,369 
340,208 
 59,140 
 399,348 
F Marupen
 179,618 
 21,692 
 5,797 
41,429 
 248,535 
 48,312 
 296,847 
M Mansoor
 324,772 
 143,999 
 146,876 
78,206 
 693,853 
 41,648 
 735,501 
Total
 2,268,806 
 724,971 
 182,858 
 413,322 
 3,589,955 
 370,666 
 3,960,621 
** Other allowances include a significant salary sacrifice.
Non-executive Directors’ fees
Directors are normally remunerated in the currency of the country in which they live or work from. Directors’ fees are established 
in local currencies to reflect market conditions in those countries.
Non-executive Directors’ fees reflect their services as directors and services on various sub-committees on which they serve. 
The quantum of committee fees depends on whether the director is an ordinary member or a Chairman of the committee. 
Non-executive Directors do not earn attendance fees, however, additional fees are paid for attendance at board meetings 
in excess of the five scheduled meetings per annum.
The Chairman of the Sappi Limited board receives a flat director’s fee and does not earn committee fees. Non-executive 
Directors do not participate in any incentive schemes or plans of any kind.
In determining the fees for Non-executive Directors, due consideration is given to the fee practice of companies of similar 
size and complexity in the countries in which the directors are based. The extreme volatility of currencies, in particular the 
SA Rand/US Dollar exchange rate in the past few years, caused distortions of the relative fees in US Dollar paid to individual 
directors.
All Sappi’s Non-executive Directors’ fees will be adjusted in line with executive management increases globally. These increases 
were estimated between 4% and 5.5%. Details of the fees can be found on page 
 201 of this report.
200
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

We will continue to review our Non-executive Directors’ fees against the market and our comparator group to ensure that our 
fees are at the appropriate levels, taking into account the size and complexity of Sappi.
Non-executive Directors’ fees are proposed by the Executive Committee, agreed by the Human Resources and Compensation 
Committee, recommended by the board and approved at the AGM by the shareholders.
The Non-executive Directors’ fees for the 2024 financial year were approved by shareholders. The table below sets out the 
remuneration for Non-executive Directors for 2024:
Name
Board fees
Committee fees
Travel allowance
Total
ANR Rudd
GBP113,082
GBP0
GBP9,252
GBP122,335
MA Fallon
GBP51,728
GBP73,212
GBP14,919
GBP139,859
BR Beamish
GBP51,728
GBP43,736
GBP12,086
GBP107,550
NL Sowazi
ZAR1,675,015
ZAR97,581
ZAR140,733
ZAR1,913,330
NP Mageza
ZAR187,946
ZAR256,223
ZAR0
ZAR444,170
MV Moosa
ZAR795,649
ZAR504,735
ZAR140,724
ZAR1,441,108
B Mehlomakulu
ZAR531,750
ZAR448,852
ZAR140,724
ZAR1,121,326
ZN Malinga
ZAR531,750
ZAR454,581
ZAR140,724
ZAR1,127,055
LL von Zeuner
ZAR531,750
ZAR344,820
ZAR140,790
ZAR1,017,360
RJAM Renders
EUR68,701
EUR64,102
EUR14,113
EUR146,917
JM Lopez 
US$78,203
US$39,517
US$22,800
US$140,520
E Istavridis
US$78,203
US$39,556
US$22,800
US$140,559
•	 Fees are benchmarked and comparable to the market fees payable to the director’s residence
•	 ANR Rudd and NP Mageza retired in February 2024.
2023
Name
Board fees
Committee fees
Travel allowance
Total
ANR Rudd
GBP319,940
GBP0
GBP9,459
GBP329,399
MA Fallon
GBP49,739
GBP51,039
GBP9,459
GBP110,237
BR Beamish
GBP49,739
GBP42,054
GBP9,459
GBP101,252
NL Sowazi
ZAR449,296
ZAR259,235
ZAR140,481
ZAR889,012
NP Mageza
ZAR499,296
ZAR680,682
ZAR140,481
ZAR1,320,459
MV Moosa
ZAR747,088
ZAR473,930
ZAR140,481
ZAR1,361,499
B Mehlomakulu
ZAR499,296
ZAR421,458
ZAR140,481
ZAR1,061,235
ZN Malinga
ZAR499,296
ZAR259,235
ZAR140,481
ZAR899,012
LL von Zeuner 
ZAR499,296
ZAR259,235
ZAR140,481
ZAR899,012
RJAM Renders
EUR66,059
EUR61,636
EUR10,782
EUR138,477
JM Lopez 
US$75,196
US$27,183
US$11,400
US$113,779
E Istavridis
US$75,196
US$38,035
US$7,600
US$120,831
•	 Fees are benchmarked and comparable to the market fees payable to the director’s residence.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
201
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Introduction
The SETS Committee presents its report for the financial 
year ended September 2024. This committee is a statutory 
committee with a majority of independent non-executive 
members, whose duties are delegated to them by the 
board of directors. The committee conducted its affairs 
in compliance with a board-approved terms of reference 
and discharged all its responsibilities contained therein.
Multi-functional Regional Sustainability Councils provide 
strategic and operational support to a Group Sustainable 
Development Council which in turn provides support to the 
SETS Committee in dealing with key sustainability issues.
For more information refer to the Governance section 
of our 2024 Sappi Group Sustainability Report 
During the financial year the committee formally met three 
times at which meetings it deliberated on all aspects relating 
to its terms. A 100% attendance record was achieved 
by board committee members Mr MV Moosa, 
Dr B Mehlomakulu, Mr BR Beamish, Mr JM Lopez and 
Mr SR Binnie, for 2024.
Objectives of the committee
In recent years, the world has faced a convergence of urgent 
and interrelated challenges: climate change has accelerated, 
driving global temperatures higher and triggering a cascade 
of extreme weather events – from devastating wildfires and 
floods to prolonged droughts and powerful hurricanes. These 
disruptions have strained ecosystems, endangered species, 
and reshaped the natural landscape, highlighting the pressing 
need for environmental stewardship. Beyond these impacts 
on nature, social inequalities are deepening, with income 
disparity growing, while geopolitical tensions and conflicts 
escalate. Additionally, unprecedented inflation has pushed 
The members 
of the Social, 
Ethics, 
Transformation 
and Sustainability 
(SETS) Committee 
during the 
2024 financial 
year were:
Mr MV Moosa 
(Chairman from 
01 March 2016)
Mr SR Binnie
Dr B Mehlomakulu
Mr BR Beamish
Mr JM Lopez
economies to the brink of recession, exacerbating 
socioeconomic divides and impacting communities 
worldwide.
These events have upended life as we know it, affecting 
not just our health, economy and society but the very 
ecosystems that sustain us. At Sappi, we recognise that the 
private sector has a pivotal role to play in confronting these 
shared global challenges. The SETS Committee takes on 
this responsibility by guiding our social and environmental 
initiatives, ensuring that the company upholds its commitment 
as a responsible corporate citizen. Through the SETS 
Committee’s oversight, we focus on generating long-term 
stakeholder value by fostering sustainable, shared outcomes 
that protect and support both society and the environment.
The SETS Committee plays a critical role within Sappi’s 
corporate governance structure by providing diligent 
oversight on matters affecting not only the company but also 
its wider stakeholders, including communities and natural 
ecosystems. In supporting the board, the SETS Committee 
directs management’s focus on responsibilities within social 
responsibility, ethics, transformation and sustainability. This 
commitment goes beyond regulatory compliance; the 
committee promotes adherence to best practices in global 
standards, striving to lead with integrity and accountability.
Through initiatives such as corporate social investment, 
ethical governance, diversity and inclusion, transformation 
and sustainability programmes, the SETS Committee helps 
drive Sappi’s efforts to minimise environmental impact and 
create shared value. By setting and monitoring our objectives, 
assessing legal requirements, and applying industry 
standards, the committee ensures that Sappi continues 
to operate in a way that benefits not only our business but 
also the environment and communities in which we operate. 
Meeting at least three times a year, the SETS Committee 
Mohammed Valli Moosa  
(Chairman SETS Committee)
Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee Report for the year ended September 2024
202
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

diligently assesses progress, guiding Sappi’s sustainable 
growth and commitment to a responsible, resilient future.
Membership of the committee
Four members of the committee were independent non-
executive directors and one the CEO. In addition, the 
Chairman of the board attends committee meetings 
ex officio. The regional CEOs, the Group Head Strategy and 
Legal, the Group Head Technology, the Group Head Human 
Resources, the Group Head Corporate Affairs, the Executive 
VP Sappi Pulp and the Group Head Investor Relations and 
Sustainability attend meetings by invitation.
The board approved the following changes to the committee 
which will take effect from January 2025:
•	 Mr Mohammed (Valli) Moosa, Chairman of SETS Committee 
will retire from the board on 31 December 2024
•	 Mr Brian Beamish is appointed as Chairman of the SETS 
Committee
•	 Ms Eleni Istavridis is appointed to the SETS Committee.
Committee activities reviewed and actioned 
for FY2024
•	 Reviewed and revised the committee terms of reference 
and annual work plan
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Sustainability Charter
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Environmental Policy, 
Group Climate Change Policy, Group Water Stewardship 
Policy and the Group Woodfibre Procurement Policy
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Product Safety Policy
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Human Rights Policy 
and Group Occupational Health and Safety Policy
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Corporate Citizenship 
Policy
•	 Reviewed and approved the Group Diversity and Inclusion 
Policy
•	 Approved a new policy: Group Anti-Bullying and 
Psychological Harassment Policy
•	 Reviewed Sappi’s standing in terms of:
	– The principles set out in the United Global Compact 
Principles
	– The OECD recommendations regarding corruption
•	 Reviewed and endorsed the Public Affairs and Social 
Impact programmes
•	 Reviewed the Code of Ethics, ethics training programme 
and its effectiveness
•	 Reviewed ethics risks, opportunities and actions
•	 Reviewed statistics from various ethics reporting lines 
and actions taken
•	 Reviewed the group training and development 
programmes
•	 Reviewed the policy on transformation in Sappi Southern 
Africa (SSA)
•	 Reviewed SSA’s performance relative to the Employment 
Equity Act, Forest Sector Transformation Charter and the 
company’s transformation strategies
•	 Reviewed SSA’s progress on enterprise and supplier 
development (ESD)
•	 Reviewed Sappi’s policy and standing in terms of the 
International Labour Organization protocol on decent 
work and working conditions
•	 Reviewed the group safety programmes, safety 
performance and actions being taken to improve the 
safety performance of the group
•	 Reviewed the production efficiencies and significant 
unplanned production events and planned maintenance 
shuts
•	 Reviewed the material indicators of the group’s 
environmental performance
•	 Reviewed regional sustainability performance against 
goals for 2024
•	 Reviewed the company’s progress on climate action 
and performance against climate KPIs using the TCFD 
framework
•	 Reviewed regional and global public policy matters 
affecting the group and its operations
•	 Reviewed the various production unit operating 
efficiencies, reliability and unscheduled downtime metrics 
for 2024
•	 Reviewed the sustainability content for the Annual 
Integrated Report
•	 Reviewed the external assurance report on selected group 
sustainability metrics.
At each committee meeting a topic is selected for an 
in-depth review. Typically, the subject of these reviews are 
matters which the committee believes represent key risks 
or opportunities for the business. The review topics were:
•	 Nature action: Global trends and disclosure expectation/
requirements
•	 Sustainable procurement
•	 Review of key sustainability risks and opportunities 
in Sappi Europe
•	 Biodiversity in South Africa.
Conclusion
The committee affirms that the group is fully committed 
to its responsibilities in social, ethics, transformation and 
sustainability. We have implemented comprehensive policies 
and programmes that contribute meaningfully to social and 
economic development, promote ethical behaviour among 
staff in their interactions with colleagues and stakeholders, 
uphold fair labour practices, prioritise environmental 
stewardship and foster strong customer relationships. 
In carrying out its mandate, the committee remains focused 
on addressing the diverse needs of a broad group 
of stakeholders, including employees, local communities, 
customers and shareholders, and on ensuring that 
key sustainability risks are carefully identified and 
effectively managed.
Over the past year, there were no significant instances 
of non-compliance with applicable laws, regulations, 
or codes of best practice in areas within the committee’s 
oversight. No concerns were brought to the committee’s 
attention, nor is there any reason to believe that such issues 
have occurred. This reflects our ongoing commitment 
to integrity and transparency in our operations.
MV Moosa
Chairman
SETS Committee
2024
Annual Integrated Report
203
GOVERNANCE AND COMPENSATION
 

Speed
In business, gathering speed is crucial for driving progress and achieving goals. 
Equally important is to control this speed to prevent things from spiralling out 
of control. This balance is essential for sustainable growth and long-term success.
In our efforts towards sustainability, speed determines whether we meet customer 
expectations and whether we are ready for new rules whether domestic or global. 
However, we must also keep a steady hand on the ship, steering it in the right 
direction towards success with careful planning and execution.
Our move towards digitisation exemplifies this balance. By streamlining our 
IT systems and processes for greater efficiency along our entire value chain – 
from procurement, through logistics, and into manufacturing systems like the 
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) at our mills – we are making headway 
in enhancing our operational capabilities. Additionally, aligning our Sales, Supply 
Chain, Logistics, and Finance processes through SAP marks a significant 
milestone in our journey towards a streamlined, data-driven future.
Through global collaboration, we are paving the way for enhanced productivity, 
transparency and operational excellence across our organisation. We are driving 
this transformation with a sense of urgency, but also with the necessary caution. 
By thoroughly testing systems and taking a phased approach, we ensure that 
our efforts are sustainable and effective.
Together, we are navigating new waters, gathering speed and steering our ship 
towards a successful and sustainable future.
204
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Annual Integrated Report
 

2024
Annual Integrated Report
205
 

Five-year review
for the year ended September 2024
US$ million
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Income statement
Sales
 5,458 
 5,809 
 7,296 
 5,265 
 4,609 
Variable manufacturing and delivery costs
 3,299 
 3,538 
 4,380 
 3,238 
 2,838 
Fixed costs
 1,712 
 1,788 
 1,832 
 1,777 
 1,673 
Sundry expenses (income)1
 40 
 51 
 46 
 47 
 41 
Operating profit excluding special items
 407 
 432 
 1,038 
 203 
 57 
Special items – (gains) losses 
 225 
 52 
 268 
 57 
 95 
Operating profit (loss)
 182 
 380 
 770 
 146 
 (38)
Net finance costs
 67 
 49 
 97 
 134 
 88 
Profit (loss) before taxation
 115 
 331 
 673 
 12 
 (126)
Taxation charge 
 82 
 72 
 137 
 (1)
 9 
Profit (loss) for the year
 33 
 259 
 536 
 13 
 (135)
Adjusted EBITDA
 684 
 731 
 1,339 
 532 
 378 
Balance sheet
Total assets
 6,206 
 5,796 
 6,229 
 6,186 
 5,455 
Non-current assets
 4,208 
 3,742 
 3,430 
 4,255 
 3,891 
Current assets
 1,998 
 2,054 
 2,799 
 1,931 
 1,564 
Current liabilities
 1,329 
 1,316 
 1,524 
 1,309 
 1,123 
Shareholders’ equity
 2,578 
 2,445 
 2,358 
 1,970 
 1,632 
Net debt
 1,422 
 1,085 
 1,163 
 1,946 
 1,957 
Gross interest-bearing debt
 1,739 
 1,686 
 1,943 
 2,312 
 2,236 
Cash
 (317)
 (601)
 (780)
 (366)
 (279)
Capital employed
 4,000 
 3,530 
 3,521 
 3,916 
 3,589 
Cash flow
Cash generated from operations
 550 
 659 
 1,267 
 472 
 323 
Decrease (increase) in working capital
 29 
 178 
 (270)
 39 
 65 
Closure and restructuring costs paid
 (280)
–
–
–
–
Finance costs paid
 (69)
 (121)
 (102)
 (110)
 (108)
Finance income received
 28 
 30 
 10 
 8 
 6 
Taxation paid
 (50)
 (56)
 (23)
 (2)
 (26)
Dividends paid
 (84)
 (85)
–
–
–
Cash generated from operating activities
 124 
 605 
 882 
 407 
 260 
Net cash generated (utilised) 
 (306)
 210 
 506 
 29 
 (257)
Cash effects of financing activities
 4 
 (416)
 (43)
 33 
 138 
Capital expenditure (gross)
 458 
 382 
 368 
 374 
 351 
To maintain operations
 196 
 170 
 196 
 176 
 126 
To expand operations
 262 
 212 
 172 
 198 
 225 
Exchange rates
US$ per one Euro exchange rate – closing
 1.116 
 1.057 
 0.980 
 1.172 
 1.163 
US$ per one Euro exchange rate – average (financial year)
 1.084 
 1.068 
 1.085 
 1.196 
 1.120 
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – closing
 17.116 
 18.930 
 18.154 
 14.966 
 17.131 
ZAR to one US$ exchange rate – average (financial year)
 18.536 
 18.179 
 15.783 
 14.851 
 16.226 
1	 Sundry items include all income and costs not directly related to manufacturing operations such as debtor securitisation costs, commissions paid and 
received and results of equity-accounted investments.
206
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

US$ million
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Statistics
Number of ordinary shares (millions)1
In issue at year end
 599.4 
 558.8 
 565.2 
 561.5 
 546.1 
Basic weighted average number of shares in issue  
during the year
 582.4 
 563.6 
 563.3 
 549.7 
 545.5 
Per share information (US cents)
Basic earnings (loss) 
 6 
 46 
 95 
 2 
 (25)
Diluted earnings (loss) 
 6 
 44 
 90 
 2 
 (25)
Headline earnings (loss) 
1
 50 
 130 
 5 
 (19)
Diluted headline earnings (loss) 
1
 47 
 122 
 5 
 (19)
Adjusted EPS (US cents)
 41
 52 
 138 
 15 
 (5)
Net asset value 
 430 
 438 
 417 
 351 
 299 
Profitability ratios (%)
Operating profit (loss) to sales
 3.3 
 6.5 
 10.6 
 2.8 
 (0.8)
Operating profit excluding special items to sales
 7.5 
 7.4 
 14.2 
 3.9 
 1.2 
Adjusted EBITDA to sales
 12.5 
 12.6 
 18.4 
 10.1 
 8.2 
Operating profit excluding special items to
capital employed (ROCE) 
 10.8 
 12.3 
 27.9 
 5.4 
 1.6 
Net debt to EBITDA excluding special items
 2.1 
 1.5 
 0.9 
 3.7 
 5.2 
Interest cover
 10.9 
 11.4 
 15.6 
 5.5 
 4.7 
Return on average equity (ROE)
 1.3 
 10.8 
 24.8 
 0.7 
 (7.5)
Debt ratios (%)
Net debt to total capitalisation
 35.6 
 30.7 
 33.0 
 49.7 
 54.5 
Efficiency ratios
Asset turnover (times)
 0.9 
 1.0 
 1.2 
 0.9 
 0.8 
Inventory turnover ratio
 5.6 
 6.3 
 7.6 
 5.6 
 6.3 
Liquidity ratios
Current asset ratio
 1.5 
 1.6 
 1.8 
 1.5 
 1.4 
Trade accounts receivable days outstanding 
(including receivables securitised) 
 48 
 37 
 44 
 47 
 44 
Cash interest cover (times)
 7.2 
 11.2 
 12.9 
 4.5 
 3.7 
Other non-financial information2
Sales volumes
 5,967 
 6,282 
 7,937 
 7,339 
 6,788 
Number of full-time equivalent employees 
 11,235 
 12,329 
 12,495 
 12,492 
 12,805 
LTIFR (including contract employees)
 0.24 
 0.24 
 0.30 
 0.38 
 0.35 
Energy
Energy intensity (GJ/adt)
 25.00 
 26.20 
 22.10 
 22.30 
 23.70 
Renewable and clean energy to total energy (%)
 63.30 
 58.00 
 55.00 
 54.90 
 54.80 
Water
Specific process water extracted (m3/adt)
 40.50 
 44.90 
 35.10 
 35.60 
 37.90 
Waste
Specific total landfill (kg/adt)
 56.90 
 78.70 
 55.50 
 56.80 
 64.50 
Emissions
Specific Scope 1 emissions (t CO2e/adt)
 0.64 
 0.72 
 0.63 
 0.69 
 0.72 
Absolute Scope 1 (t CO2e)
 3,287,876 
 3,579,471 
 4,182,739 
 4,368,657 
 4,180,457 
Specific Scope 2 emissions (t CO2e/adt)
 0.18 
 0.22 
 0.20 
 0.18 
 0.21 
Absolute Scope 2 (t CO2e)
 929,692 
 1,082,972 
 1,333,439 
 1,160,564 
 1,206,691 
Refer to Share Statistics section for other market and share-related information.
1	 Net of treasury shares (refer to note 19 to the Annual Financial Statements).
2	 Certain energy, water, waste and emissions data for the comparative years have been restated using the latest reporting standards and measurement 
methodology.
Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the Glossary section.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
207
APPENDICES
 

Share statistics
as at September 2024
Shareholding
Ordinary shares in issue
 Number of 
shareholders 
 % 
 Number 
 of shares1
 % of shares 
 in issue 
1 – 5,000
 7,819 
 86.8 
 2,841,961 
 0.5 
5,001 – 10,000
 196 
 2.2 
 1,416,736 
 0.2 
10,001 – 50,000
 399 
 4.4 
 9,927,690 
 1.7 
50,001 – 100,000
 158 
 1.8 
 11,328,804 
 1.9 
100,001 – 1,000,000
 349 
 3.9 
 109,109,816 
 18.2 
Over 1,000,000
 84 
 0.9 
 464,793,933 
 77.5 
 9,005 
 100.0 
 599,418,940 
 100.0 
1	 The number of shares excludes 2,872,523 treasury shares held by the group.
Shareholder spread
Type of shareholder
 % of shares 
 in issue 
Non-public 
 0.4 
Sappi Limited directors and prescribed officers
 0.4 
Associates of group directors
–
Trustees of the company’s share and retirement funding schemes
–
Share owners who, by virtue of any agreement, have the right to nominate board members
–
Share owners interested in 10% or more of the issued shares
–
Public (the number of public shareholders as at September 2024 was 8,994)
 99.6 
 100.0 
Sappi has a primary listing on the JSE Limited and a Level 1 ADR programme that trades in the over-the-counter market in the 
United States.
A large number of shares are held by nominee companies for beneficial shareholders. Pursuant to section 56(7) of the 
Companies Act 71 of 2008 of South Africa, the directors have investigated the beneficial ownership of shares in Sappi Limited, 
including those which are registered in the nominee holdings. These investigations revealed, as of September 2024, the following 
are beneficial holders of more than 5% of the issued share capital of Sappi Limited:
Beneficial holder
 Shares 
 % 
Public Investment Corporation
 128,870,311 
 21.5 
Allan Gray Balanced Fund
 49,695,141 
 8.3 
Alexander Forbes Investments
 30,533,702 
 5.1 
Further, as a result of these investigations, the directors have ascertained that some of the shares registered in the names of the 
nominee holders are managed by various fund managers and that, as of September 2024, the following fund managers were 
responsible for managing 5% or more of the share capital of Sappi Limited:
Fund manager
 Shares 
 % 
Allan Gray Proprietary Limited
 125,063,424 
 20.9 
Public Investment Corporation
 103,389,223 
 17.2 
Ninety One Plc
 60,016,973 
 10.0 
M&G plc
 46,454,495 
 7.7 
208
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Share statistics
 2024 
2023
2022
2021
2020
Ordinary shares in issue (millions)1
 599.4 
 558.8 
 565.2 
 561.5 
 546.1 
Net asset value per share (US cents)
 430 
 438 
 417 
 351 
 299 
Number of shares traded (millions)
JSE
 447.5 
 546.6 
 590.9 
 444.5 
 736.3 
New York
 0.5 
 0.6 
 0.5 
 0.7 
 2.0 
Value of shares traded
JSE (ZAR million)
 20,709 
 24,991.5 
 29,491.0 
 17,073.0 
 24,509.3 
New York (US$ million)
 1.4 
 1.7 
 1.6 
 1.6 
 4.0 
Percentage of issued shares traded
 74.7 
 97.9 
 104.6 
 79.3 
 135.2 
Market price per share
– year end	
JSE (South African cents)
 4,806 
 4,404 
 4,402 
 3,861 
 2,377 
	
New York (US cents)
 281 
 230 
 268 
 260 
 151 
– highest	
JSE (South African cents)
 5,761 
 5,835 
 6,348 
 5,269 
 4,799 
	
New York (US cents)
 316 
 350 
 420 
 359 
 345 
– lowest	
JSE (South African cents)
 3,776 
 3,627 
 3,785 
 2,265 
 1,720 
	
New York (US cents)
 205 
 201 
 235 
 135 
 107 
Earnings yield (%)2
 2.14 
 19.77 
 39.18 
 0.78 
 negative 
Price/earnings ratio (times)2
 46.80 
 5.06 
 2.55 
 128.99 
 negative 
Total market capitalisation (US$ million)2
 1,683 
 1,300 
 1,371 
 1,449 
 758 
1	 The number of shares excludes 2,872,523 treasury shares held by the group.
2	 Based on financial year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited. Income statement amounts have been converted at average year-to-date exchange rates.
Note: Definitions for various terms and ratios used above are included in the Glossary section.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
209
APPENDICES
 

Glossary
General definitions
AF&PA – American Forest and Paper Association.
AGM – Annual general meeting.
air dry tons (ADT) – Meaning dry solids content of 90% and 
moisture content of 10%.
ARC – Audit and Risk Committee.
BBBEE – Broad-based black economic empowerment.
biochemicals – In the pulp and paper sector, biochemicals 
refer to renewable, biobased chemicals derived from wood 
and other biomass during the pulping process. These 
compounds, such as lignin, hemicellulose, and tall oil, are 
extracted or synthesised into valuable products, including 
adhesives, resins, biofuels and bioplastics, offering 
sustainable alternatives to fossil-based chemicals.
biofuels – Organic material such as wood, organic waste and 
alcohol fuels, as well as gaseous and liquid fuels produced 
from these biomass feedstocks.
biomaterials – New developments in wood processing 
supports the move to a biobased economy that utilises 
materials that are renewable and biodegradable and in the 
case of wood feedstocks do not compete with food sources.
black liquor – The spent cooking liquor from the pulping 
process which arises when pulpwood is cooked in a digester 
thereby removing lignin, and other extractives from the wood 
to free the cellulose fibres. The resulting black liquor is an 
aqueous solution of lignin residues and the inorganic 
chemicals used in the pulping process. Black liquor contains 
slightly more than half of the energy content of the wood fed 
into the digester.
bleached pulp – Pulp that has been bleached by means 
of chemical additives to make it suitable for higher brightness 
fine paper production.
CAC – Control and Assurance Committee.
casting and release paper – Embossed paper used 
to impart texture in polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride plastic 
films for the production of synthetic leather and other 
textured surfaces.
CAW – Combined Assurance Workgroup.
CDP – CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) 
is a global non-profit organisation that runs a system for 
companies, cities, states and regions to disclose their 
environmental impacts related to climate, forests and water.
CEO – Chief Executive Officer.
CFO – Chief Financial Officer.
chemical pulp – A generic term for pulp made from 
woodfibre that has been produced in a chemical process.
coated mechanical paper (CM) – Coated paper made from 
groundwood pulp which has been produced in a mechanical 
process, primarily used for magazines, catalogues and 
advertising material.
coated paper – Papers that contain a layer of coating 
material on one or both sides. The coating consisting 
of pigments and binders, act as a filler to improve the printing 
surface of the paper.
coated woodfree paper (CWF) – Coated paper made from 
chemical pulp which is made from woodfibre that has been 
produced in a chemical process, primarily used for high-end 
publications and advertising material.
corrugating medium – Paperboard made from chemical and 
semi-chemical pulp, or waste paper, which is to be converted 
to a corrugated board by passing it through corrugating 
cylinders. Corrugating medium between layers of linerboard 
form the board from which corrugated boxes are produced.
CSI and CSR – Corporate social investment and corporate 
social responsibility.
dissolving wood pulp (DWP) – Highly purified chemical pulp 
derived primarily from wood and in some instances cotton 
linters, intended primarily for conversion into chemical 
derivatives of cellulose and used mainly in the manufacture 
of viscose staple fibre, solvent spun fibre and filament.
DWP market price – Market price for imported hardwood 
dissolving wood pulp into China issued daily by the CCF 
Group.
energy – Is present in many forms such as solar, mechanical, 
thermal, electrical and chemical. Any source of energy can 
be tapped to perform work. In power plants, coal is burned 
and its chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. 
To generate steam, coal and other fossil fuels are burned, 
thus converting stored chemical energy into thermal energy.
ESD – Enterprise and supplier development.
ESG – Environmental, social and governance.
Eskom – Eskom is the South African national electricity 
public utility.
EUDR – EU Deforestation Regulation.
fibre – Fibre refers to a long, thread-like structure that can 
be natural or synthetic and is used in various industries, 
including textiles, paper, and construction. In the context 
of the pulp and paper sector, fibre primarily refers to the 
cellulose fibres extracted from wood or other plant materials, 
which are the key component in paper production.
fine paper – Paper usually produced from chemical pulp for 
printing and writing purposes and consisting of coated and 
uncoated paper.
210
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Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) – Is a global, 
not‑for‑profit organisation dedicated to the promotion 
of responsible forest management worldwide. 
(FSC® N003159) www.fsc.org 
FSA – Forestry South Africa.
FSG – Forest Solutions Group.
full-time equivalent employee – The number of total hours 
worked divided by the maximum number of compensable 
hours in a full-time schedule as defined by law.
graphic papers – A generic term for a group of papers 
intended for commercial printing use such as coated 
woodfree, coated mechanical, uncoated woodfree and 
newsprint.
greenhouse gases (GHG) – The GHGs included in the Kyoto 
Protocol are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur 
hexafluoride.
GRMT – Group Risk Management Team.
GSDC – Group Sustainable Development Council.
hemicellulose sugars – The biorefinery process for second 
generation hemicellulose sugars involves recovering them 
from the prehydrolysate liquor, and then separating them 
mostly from lignin.
high-yield pulp (HYP) – Pulp that has a higher yield from 
wood logs than pure chemical pulps. High-yield pulp is 
processed either through mechanical processes or 
combined mechanical chemical processes such as Matane 
high-yield bleached chemi-thermo mechanical pulp.
ISO – The International Organization for Standardization.
JSE Limited – The main securities exchange in South Africa.
KPI – Key performance indicator.
kraft paper – Packaging or other paper (bleached 
or unbleached) made from kraft pulp.
kraft pulp – Chemical wood pulp produced by digesting 
wood by means of the sulphate pulping process.
lignosulphonate – Lignosulphonate is a highly soluble lignin 
derivative and a product of the sulphite pulping process.
linerboard – The grade of paperboard used for the exterior 
facings of corrugated board. Linerboard is combined with 
corrugating medium by converters to produce corrugated 
board used in boxes.
liquor – White liquor is the aqueous solution of chemicals 
used in the wood pulping process. Black liquor is the 
resultant combination of lignin, water and chemicals, after 
the pulping process is complete.
lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) – Number of 
lost-time injuries x 200,000 divided by man hours.
lost-time injury severity rate (LTISR) – Total days lost due 
to injuries x 1,000,000 divided by the total hours worked.
managed forest – Naturally occurring forests that are 
harvested commercially.
mechanical pulp – Pulp produced by means of the 
mechanical grinding or refining of wood or woodchips.
MIS – Management incentive scheme.
MOI – Memorandum of incorporation.
natural/indigenous forest – Natural forests include 
old-growth and primary forests as well as managed forests 
where most of the principal characteristics and key elements 
of native ecosystems such as complexity, structure, wildlife 
and biological diversity are present.
newsprint – Paper produced for the printing of newspapers 
mainly from mechanical pulp and/or recycled waste paper.
NGO – Non-governmental organisation.
NPO – Non-profit organisation.
packaging and speciality papers – A generic term for 
a group of papers intended for commercial and industrial use 
such as flexible packaging, label papers, functional papers, 
containerboard, paperboard, silicone-base papers, casting 
and release papers, dye sublimation papers, inkjet papers 
and tissue paper.
packaging paper – Paper used for packaging purposes.
PAMSA – Paper Manufacturers’ Association of South Africa.
plantation – Large scale planted forests, intensively 
managed, highly productive and grown primarily for wood and 
fibre production.
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 
(PEFC) – An international non-profit, NGO dedicated 
to promoting sustainable forest management (SFM) through 
independent third-party certification. PEFC works 
by endorsing national forest certification systems and 
is represented in 49 countries through national organisations 
such as SFI® in North America. www.pefc.org 
PM – Paper machine.
power – The rate at which energy is used or produced.
PSP – Performance share plan.
pulpwood – Wood suitable for producing pulp – usually not 
of sufficient standard for sawmilling.
R&D – Research and development.
release paper/liner – The backing paper for self-adhesive 
labels.
Sappi Biotech – The business unit within Sappi which drives 
innovation and commercialisation of biomaterials and 
biochemicals.
2024
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211
APPENDICES
 

Glossary continued
Sappi Europe (SEU) – The business unit within Sappi which 
oversees operations in the European region.
Sappi North America (SNA) – The business unit within 
Sappi which oversees operations in the North American 
region.
Sappi Pulp – The business unit within Sappi which oversees 
the production and marketing of DWP.
Sappi Southern Africa (SSA) – The business unit within 
Sappi which oversees operations in the Southern 
Africa region.
SBS – Solid bleached sulphate.
SBT – Science-based target.
SBTi – The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) 
is a partnership between Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 
the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), World Resources 
Institute (WRI) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). 
The objective of SBTi is to drive ambitious climate action 
in the private sector by enabling companies to set science-
based GHG emissions reduction targets. SBTi provides 
technical assistance and expert resources to companies 
who set science-based targets in line with the latest climate 
science and provides companies with independent 
assessment and validation of decarbonisation targets.
Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions – The Greenhouse Gas 
Protocol defines Scope 1 (direct) and Scope 2 (indirect) 
emissions as follows:
•	 Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that are 
owned or controlled by the reporting entity
•	 Indirect GHG emissions are emissions from purchased 
electricity, steam, heat or cooling.
SDGs – See UN SDGs.
SETS Committee – Social, Ethics, Transformation and 
Sustainability Committee.
solid waste – Dry organic and inorganic waste materials.
SFM – Sustainable forest management.
specific – When data is expressed in specific form, this 
means that the actual quantity consumed during the year 
indicated, whether energy, water, emissions or solid waste, 
is expressed in terms of a production parameter. For Sappi, 
as with other pulp and paper companies, this parameter is air 
dry tons of saleable product.
specific purchased energy – The term ‘specific’ indicates 
that the actual quantity during the year indicated, is 
expressed in terms of a production parameter. For Sappi, 
as with other pulp and paper companies, the parameter 
is air dry tons of product.
specific total energy (STE) – The energy intensity ratio 
defined by the total energy consumption in the context of 
the saleable production.
Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI®) – Is a solutions-
oriented sustainability organisation that collaborates 
on forest‑based conservation and community initiatives. 
The SFI forest management standard is the largest forestry 
certification standard within the PEFC programme.  
www.forests.org 
TCFD – Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures.
thermo-mechanical pulp – Pulp produced by processing 
woodfibres using heat and mechanical grinding or refining 
wood or woodchips.
TNFD – Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures.
ton – Metric ton of 1,000 kg.
tons per annum (tpa) – Term used in this report to denote 
tons per annum (tons a year). Capacity figures in this report 
denote tons per annum at maximum continuous run rate.
total suspended solids (TSS) – Refers to matter suspended 
or dissolved in effluent.
Transnet – Transnet is the state-owned South African rail, 
port and pipeline company.
TSR – Total shareholder return.
uncoated woodfree paper – Printing and writing paper 
made from bleached chemical pulp used for general printing, 
photocopying and stationery, etc. Referred to as uncoated 
as it does not contain a layer of pigment to give it a coated 
surface.
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) – A principle-
based framework for businesses, stating 10 principles in 
the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-
corruption.
UN SDGs – United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Verve – Brand name for Sappi dissolving wood pulp.
viscose staple fibre (VSF) – A natural fibre made from 
purified cellulose, primarily from DWP that can be twisted 
to form yarn.
VP – Vice President.
WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable 
Development.
woodfibre – For Sappi this term includes both wood and 
pulp derived from wood that is used in our operations.
woodfree paper – Paper made from chemical pulp.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – The world’s largest 
conservation organisation, focused on supporting biological 
diversity.
212
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General financial definitions
acquisition date – The date on which control in respect 
of subsidiaries, joint control in respect of joint arrangements 
and significant influence in associates commences.
associate – An entity over which the investor has significant 
influence.
basic earnings per share – Net profit for the year divided 
by the weighted average number of shares in issue during 
the year.
CFRONA – Cash flow return on net assets.
commissioning date – The date that an item of property, 
plant and equipment, whether acquired or constructed, 
is brought into use.
control – An investor controls an investee when it is 
exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its 
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect 
those returns through its power over the investee.
diluted earnings per share – Is calculated by assuming 
conversion or exercise of all potentially dilutive shares, share 
options and share awards unless these are anti-dilutive.
discount rate – This is the pre-tax interest rate that reflects 
the current market assessment of the time value of money 
for the purposes of determining discounted cash flows. 
In determining the cash flows the risks specific to the asset 
or liability are taken into account in determining those cash 
flows and are not included in determining the discount rate.
disposal date – The date on which control in respect 
of subsidiaries, joint arrangements and significant influence 
in associates ceases.
fair value – The price that would be received to sell an asset 
or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between 
market participants at the measurement date.
financial results – Comprise the financial position (assets, 
liabilities and equity), results of operations (revenue and 
expenses) and cash flows of an entity and of the group.
foreign operation – An entity whose activities are based 
or conducted in a country or currency other than that of the 
reporting entity.
functional currency – The currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates.
group – The group comprises Sappi Limited, its subsidiaries 
and its interest in joint ventures and associates.
joint arrangement – Is an arrangement of which two or more 
parties have joint control.
joint venture – Is a joint arrangement whereby the parties 
that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the 
net assets of the arrangement.
operating profit – A profit from business operations before 
deduction of net finance costs and taxes.
presentation currency – The currency in which the financial 
results of an entity are presented.
qualifying asset – An asset that necessarily takes a 
substantial period (normally in excess of six months) to 
get ready for its intended use.
recoverable amount – The recoverable amount of an asset 
or cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less 
costs of disposal and its value in use. In determining the value 
in use, expected future cash flows are discounted to their net 
present values using the discount rate.
related party – Parties are considered to be related if one 
party directly or indirectly has the ability to control the other 
party or exercise significant influence over the other party 
in making financial and operating decisions or is a member 
of the key management of Sappi Limited.
share-based payment – A transaction in which Sappi 
Limited issues shares or share options to group employees 
as compensation for services rendered.
significant influence – Is the power to participate in the 
financial and operating policy decisions of an entity but is 
not control or joint control of those policies.
Non-GAAP financial definitions
The group believes that it is useful to report certain non-
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) measures 
for the following reasons:
•	 These measures are used by the group for internal 
performance analysis
•	 The presentation by the group’s reported business 
segments of these measures facilitates comparability with 
other companies in our industry, although the group’s 
measures may not be comparable with similarly titled profit 
measurements reported by other companies
•	 It is useful in connection with discussions with the 
investment analyst community and debt rating agencies.
These non-GAAP measures should not be considered 
in isolation or construed as a substitute for GAAP measures 
in accordance with IFRS.
Adjusted EBITDA – EBITDA excluding special items and the 
plantation fair value price adjustment.
Adjusted EPS – Earnings per share excluding special items 
and the plantation fair value price adjustment and special 
finance and tax items.
asset turnover (times) – Sales divided by total assets.
average – Averages are calculated as the sum of the 
opening and closing balances for the relevant period divided 
by two.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
213
APPENDICES
 

Glossary continued
black economic empowerment (BEE) charge – Represents 
the IFRS 2 non-cash charge associated with the BEE 
transaction implemented in 2010 in terms of BEE legislation 
in South Africa.
capital employed – Shareholders’ equity plus net debt.
cash interest cover – Cash generated by operations divided 
by finance costs less finance revenue.
current asset ratio – Current assets divided by current 
liabilities.
dividend yield – Dividends per share, which were declared 
after year end, in US cents divided by the financial year-end 
closing prices on the JSE Limited converted to US cents 
using the closing financial year-end exchange rate.
earnings yield – Earnings per share divided by the financial 
year-end closing prices on the JSE Limited converted 
to US cents using the closing financial year-end 
exchange rate.
EBITDA excluding special items (EBITDA) – Earnings 
before interest (net finance costs), taxes, depreciation and 
amortisation.
fellings – The amount charged against the income 
statement representing the standing value of the plantations 
harvested.
headline earnings – As defined in Circular 1/2019, issued 
by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, 
which separates from earnings all separately identifiable 
remeasurements. It is not necessarily a measure 
of sustainable earnings. It is a Listings Requirement of the 
JSE Limited to disclose headline earnings per share.
inventory turnover (times) – Cost of sales divided 
by inventory on hand at balance sheet date.
net assets – Total assets less total liabilities.
net asset value per share – Net assets divided by the 
number of shares in issue at balance sheet date.
net cash (utilised) generated – Cash flows from operating 
activities less cash flows from investing activities.
net debt – Current and non-current interest-bearing 
borrowings and lease liabilities, and bank overdraft 
(net of cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits).
net debt to total capitalisation – Net debt divided by capital 
employed.
net operating assets – Total assets (excluding deferred 
taxation and cash and cash equivalents) less current liabilities 
(excluding interest-bearing borrowings, lease liabilities and 
overdraft).
ordinary dividend cover – Profit for the period divided 
by the ordinary dividend declared, multiplied by the actual 
number of shares in issue at year end.
ordinary shareholders’ interest per share – Shareholders’ 
equity divided by the actual number of shares in issue 
at year end.
price/earnings ratio – The financial year-end closing prices 
on the JSE Limited converted to US cents using the closing 
financial year-end exchange rate divided by earnings 
per share.
revolving credit facility (RCF) – A variable line of credit used 
by public and private businesses.
ROCE – Return on average capital employed. Operating profit 
excluding special items divided by average capital employed.
ROE – Return on average equity. Profit for the period divided 
by average shareholders’ equity.
RONOA – Return on average net operating assets. Operating 
profit excluding special items divided by average net 
operating assets.
SG&A – Selling, general and administrative expenses.
special items – Special items cover those items which 
management believe are material by nature or amount 
to the operating results and require separate disclosure. 
Such items would generally include profit or loss on disposal 
of property, investments and businesses, asset impairments, 
restructuring charges, non-recurring integration costs related 
to acquisitions, financial impacts of natural disasters and 
settlement gains or losses on defined benefit obligations.
total market capitalisation – Ordinary number of shares 
in issue (excluding treasury shares held by the group) 
multiplied by the financial year-end closing prices on the 
JSE Limited converted to US cents using the closing 
financial year-end exchange rate.
trade receivables days outstanding (including 
securitised balances) – Gross trade receivables, including 
receivables securitised, divided by sales multiplied by the 
number of days in the year.
214
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Notice to shareholders
Notice of annual general meeting
This document is important and requires your immediate attention.
If you are in any doubt as to any aspect of the proposals referred to in this document or as to the action you should take, please 
consult your broker, Central Securities Depository Participant (CSDP), legal adviser, accountant or other professional adviser 
immediately.
If you have disposed or otherwise transferred all your shares in Sappi Limited (Sappi or the company) with the Johannesburg 
Stock Exchange Limited (JSE), please forward the proposals, together with the accompanying documents to the purchaser 
or transferee of such shares or the broker, banker or other agent through whom the sale or transfer was effected, for 
transmission to the purchaser or transferee.
Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
JSE share code: SAP
ISIN: ZAE000006284
(Sappi or the company)
Notice is hereby given to the shareholders of the company (shareholders) in terms of section 62(1) of the Companies Act, 
No 71 of 2008 as amended (Companies Act) that the eighty-eighth (88th) annual general meeting (AGM) of the company will 
be held at Sappi’s registered office, in the Oxford Room, Ground Floor, 108 Oxford Road (entrance on Ninth Street) Houghton 
Estate, Johannesburg, 2198, Republic of South Africa and through electronic communication on Wednesday, 05 February 2025 
at 14:00 (South African Standard Time). This AGM, and any resumption thereof pursuant to an adjournment or recommencement 
thereof pursuant to a postponement, is referred to hereinafter as the AGM.
Record dates
The record date on which shareholders must be recorded as such in the company’s securities register, maintained 
by Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited, the Transfer Secretaries of the company (Transfer Secretaries), in order 
to be entitled to receive this notice of AGM is Friday, 06 December 2024. This notice of AGM is being distributed to shareholders 
on Friday, 13 December 2024 and this will be announced on the Stock Exchange News Service of the JSE, on the same date.
The last day to trade in order to be eligible to attend, participate in and vote at the AGM is Tuesday, 28 January 2025.
The record date to determine which shareholders are entitled to attend, participate in and vote at the AGM is Friday, 
31 January 2025 (attendance record date).
Order of business
A	
To present:
i.	 As required in terms of section 30(3)(d) read with section 61(8)(a) of the Companies Act, the audited consolidated annual 
financial statements of the company for the financial year ended September 2024, including the reports of the auditors, 
the directors and the Audit and Risk Committee, such consolidated annual financial statements having been approved 
by the board of directors of the company (board) as required by section 30(3)(c) of the Companies Act; and
ii.	 The report of the Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability Committee in terms of regulation 43(5)(c) of the 
Companies Regulations, 2011, as contained in the company’s 2024 Annual Integrated Report (Annual Integrated 
Report) (see page 
 202).
	
The complete audited consolidated annual financial statements of the company for the financial year ended September 2024 
are available on the Sappi website: www.sappi.com 
B	
To present the Annual Integrated Report, containing the disclosures required as per the JSE Listings Requirements. The 
Annual Integrated Report is available on the Sappi website: www.sappi.com 
C	
To consider and, if deemed fit, pass (with or without modification) the ordinary and special resolutions set out below:
1.	
Re-election of the directors retiring by rotation in terms of Sappi’s memorandum of 
incorporation (Sappi’s MOI)
	
The following ordinary resolutions numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 propose the re-election of those directors of the company who 
retire as directors by rotation in accordance with Sappi’s MOI and who, being eligible for re-election, offer themselves for 
re-election.
	
Each of the board and the Nomination and Governance Committee has evaluated the performance of each of the following 
directors who are retiring by rotation and recommends and supports the re-election of each of them. For brief biographical 
details of these directors, refer to note 1 to this notice of AGM on page 
 225.
	
It is intended that all the directors who retire by rotation will, if possible, attend the AGM, either in person or by means 
of video conferencing.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
215
APPENDICES
 

Notice to shareholders continued
	
In order for these ordinary resolutions numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 to be adopted, in each case the support of more than 50% 
of the total voting rights exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy 
at the AGM and entitled to exercise voting rights on the resolution is required.
	
Ordinary resolution number 1
	
“Resolved that Mr SR Binnie, who retires by rotation in terms of article 7.1.6 of the MOI, being eligible and offering himself 
for re-election, be and is hereby re-elected as a director of Sappi.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 2
	
“Resolved that Mr B Beamish, who retires by rotation in terms of article 7.1.6 of MOI, being eligible and offering himself for 
re-election, be and is hereby re-elected as a director of Sappi.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 3
	
“Resolved that Mr J Lopez, who retires by rotation in terms of article 7.1.6 of the MOI, being eligible and offering himself for 
re-election, be and is hereby re-elected as a director of Sappi.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 4
	
“Resolved that Mr GT Pearce, who retires by rotation in terms of article 7.1.6 of the MOI, being eligible and offering himself 
for re-election, be and is hereby re-elected as a director of Sappi.”
2.	
Election of Audit and Risk Committee members
	
The following ordinary resolutions numbers 5 to 9 are proposed to elect the members of the Audit and Risk Committee 
in accordance with section 94(2) of the Companies Act and the King IV Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa 
2016 (King IV).
	
Section 94 of the Companies Act requires that, at each AGM, shareholders must elect an audit committee comprising 
at least three members.
	
The Nomination and Governance Committee has assessed the performance and independence of each of the directors 
proposed to be members of the Audit and Risk Committee and recommends their election to the Audit and Risk 
Committee. The board has considered and accepted the findings of the Nomination and Governance Committee in this 
regard. The board is satisfied that the proposed members meet the requirements of section 94(4) of the Companies Act, 
that they are independent according to King IV and that they possess the required qualifications and experience 
as prescribed in regulation 42 of the Companies Regulations, 2011, which requires that at least one-third of the members 
of a company’s audit committee at any particular time must have academic qualifications or experience in economics, law, 
corporate governance, finance, accounting, commerce, industry, public affairs or human resource management.
	
Brief biographical details of each proposed member of the Audit and Risk Committee are included in the biographies of the 
directors contained under “Our Leadership” in the Annual Integrated Report (see page 
 146).
	
Ordinary resolution number 5
	
“Resolved that Ms ZN Malinga, being eligible and offering herself for election, be and is hereby elected as a member (and 
Chairperson) of the Audit and Risk Committee.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 6
	
“Resolved that Dr B Mehlomakulu, being eligible and offering herself for election, be and is hereby elected as a member 
of the Audit and Risk Committee.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 7
	
“Resolved that Mr RJAM Renders, being eligible and offering himself for election, be and is hereby elected as a member 
of the Audit and Risk Committee.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 8
	
“Resolved that Mr LL von Zeuner, being eligible and offering himself for election, be and is hereby elected as a member 
of the Audit and Risk Committee.”
216
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Annual Integrated Report
 

	
Ordinary resolution number 9
	
“Resolved that Ms E Istavridis, being eligible and offering herself for election, be and is hereby elected as a member of the 
Audit and Risk Committee.”
	
In terms of the Companies Act, each proposed member of the Audit and Risk Committee will, if elected, hold office until the 
conclusion of the next annual general meeting and perform the duties and responsibilities stipulated in section 94(7) of the 
Companies Act, the JSE Listings Requirements and King IV and such other duties and responsibilities as may from time 
to time be determined by the board.
	
In order for ordinary resolutions numbers 5 to 9 to be adopted, the support in each case of more than 50% of the total 
voting rights exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM 
and entitled to exercise voting rights on the resolution is required.
3.	
Appointment of independent external auditors
	
In compliance with section 90(1) of the Companies Act, each year, at its AGM, the company must appoint an auditor who 
meets the requirements of section 90(2) of the Companies Act.
	
The board has evaluated the performance of KPMG Inc and recommends its re-appointment as auditors of Sappi. The 
Audit and Risk Committee has considered and is satisfied as to the independence of KPMG Inc in accordance with section 
94(8) of the Companies Act. The board has also considered and is satisfied as to the suitability of KPMG Inc pursuant 
to paragraph 3.84(g) of the JSE Listings Requirements.
	
Ordinary resolution number 10
	
“Resolved that KPMG Inc (with the designated registered auditor to be Ms Giuseppina Aldrighetti) be and is hereby 
re-appointed as the independent external auditors of Sappi for the financial year ending September 2025 and remain 
in office until the conclusion of the next annual general meeting.”
	
In order for this ordinary resolution number 10 to be adopted, the support of more than 50% of the total voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM and entitled 
to exercise voting rights on the resolution is required.
4.	
Remuneration policy
	
Ordinary resolution number 11
	
“Resolved that the company’s remuneration policy as contained in the remuneration report in the Annual Integrated Report 
(see page 
 176), be and is hereby endorsed by way of a non-binding advisory vote.”
5.	
Remuneration implementation report
	
Ordinary resolution number 12
	
“Resolved that the company’s remuneration implementation report as contained in the Remuneration Report in the Annual 
Integrated Report (see page 
 176), be and is hereby endorsed by way of a non-binding advisory vote.”
	
In terms of the JSE Listings Requirements, the company’s remuneration policy and implementation report in regard to its 
remuneration policy must be tabled every year for separate non-binding advisory votes by the shareholders of the 
company at the AGM. In the event that any of the ordinary resolutions 11 or 12 is voted against by 25% or more of the 
votes exercised on them, the company shall engage with the dissenting shareholders in the manner set out in the 
Remuneration Report (see page 
 176).
	
Ordinary resolutions numbers 11 and 12 require the approval by more than 50% of the total votes exercised on the 
resolutions by shareholders present or represented by proxy at the AGM, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, 
the MOI and the JSE Listings Requirements. Ordinary resolutions numbers 11 and 12 are non-binding advisory votes.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
217
APPENDICES
 

Notice to shareholders continued
6.	
Approval of certain amendments to the current Rules of the Sappi Limited Performance Share 
Incentive Plan
	
Ordinary resolution number 13
	
“Resolved that the rules of the Sappi Limited Performance Share Incentive Plan be amended in the manner set out in the 
Explanatory Note, as approved by the Board.”
	
Ordinary resolution number 13 is proposed to approve certain amendments to the rules of the Company’s Performance 
Share Incentive Plan (the Plan) for the purposes set out in the Explanatory Note below.
	
A copy of the amended rules of the Plan is available for inspection by shareholders during normal business hours 
at Sappi’s registered office from the date of issue of this Notice up to and including the date of the AGM and is also 
available on the Company’s website at: https://www.sappi.com/SharePlanRules 
	
In terms of the JSE Listings Requirements, 75% of the votes cast by shareholders present or represented by proxy at the 
AGM must be cast in favour of ordinary resolution 13, excluding all the votes attaching to securities owned or controlled 
by persons who are existing participants in the Plan.
	
EXPLANATORY NOTE TO ORDINARY RESOLUTION NUMBER 13: Amendment of the rules of the Sappi Limited Performance 
Share Incentive Plan
	
In line with local and global best practice, the Company intends to adopt the amended Plan rules approved by the Board 
(the Amended Plan Rules), to continue to incentivise, motivate and retain participating employees. Capitalised terms have 
the meanings ascribed to them in the Amended Plan Rules.
	
The Amended Plan Rules provide, among other things, for additional flexibility around the Allocation of “Conditional Awards” 
to Participants. The Vesting of Conditional Awards is always subject to the Participant remaining in the employ of the Group 
over the Vesting Period (the Employment Condition), and as a result of the proposed amendments, may also be subject 
to the fulfilment of the Performance Conditions over the Vesting Period. This flexibility allows the Board to make “sign-on” 
Conditional Awards to new employees to compensate them for any long-term incentives that they may have forfeited 
by terminating their employment with their previous employers. It also allows the Company to make retention awards 
to existing employees below Executive level which are not subject to performance conditions.
	
In addition, the Amended Plan Rules provide for accelerated pro-rated vesting if a Participant dies. This is in line with 
current market practice and will streamline the administration of these awards.
	
Other minor administrative amendments have also been introduced to delete redundant provisions and ensure the smooth 
operation of the Plan and to bring the provisions in line with current market practice.
	
The Amended Plan Rules can be reviewed here https://www.sappi.com/SharePlanRules 
 . The principal proposed 
amendments to the Plan Rules are summarised below:
	
Rule 1.1.12: insertion of the following underlined words and deletion of the words in brackets in Rule 
1.1.12 relating to the definition of “Conditional Award”:
	
“Conditional Award” – an award of [a Conditional contract made] Shares to an Eligible Employee pursuant to [13.1 and 13.2], 
the Vesting of which is subject to the Employment Criteria and may be subject to the Performance Criteria;
	
Rule 16: amendment of rule 16.3 related to “Termination of Employment” to provide as follows:
	
No Fault Terminations
	
Death
16.3	 If a Participant ceases to be employed prior to the Vesting Date due to their death, the Conditional Award will 
be accelerated and a portion of the Conditional Award will Vest on the Date of Termination of Employment based on the 
extent to which the Employment Criteria and the Performance Criteria (if applicable) has been met on the Date 
of Termination of Employment. The Performance Criteria will be measured with reference to the most recent financial 
results of the Group. 
218
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Annual Integrated Report
 

7.	
Non-executive Directors’ fees
	
Special resolution number 1
	
“Resolved that, for the financial year 2025 and until otherwise determined at a general meeting, the remuneration of the 
Non-executive Directors for their services shall be approved as follows:
From
To
1.
Sappi Board fees1
Chairperson
If United Kingdom resident
If South African resident
ZAR2 300 0002
ZAR2 426 5002
If United States of America resident
If European resident
Lead Independent Director
If South African resident
ZAR795,649
ZAR839,410
If United Kingdom resident
£77,664
£79,994
If United States of America resident
US$117,316
US$122,009
If European resident
€103,123
€106,217
Other directors
If South African resident
ZAR531,750
ZAR560,996
If United Kingdom resident
£51,728
£53,280
If United States of America resident
US$78,203
US$81,331
If European resident
€68,701
€70,762
2.
Audit and Risk Committee fees1
Chairperson
If South African resident
ZAR552,159
ZAR582,528
If United Kingdom resident
£52,526
£54,102
If United States of America resident
US$80,997
US$84,237
If European resident
€69,749
€71,841
Other directors
If South African resident
ZAR276,085
ZAR291,270
If United Kingdom resident
£26,413
£27,205
If United States of America resident
US$39,556
US$41,138
If European resident
€35,062
€36,114
3.
Fees of Human Resources and Compensation Committee, Nomination 
and Governance Committee, Social, Ethics, Sustainability and 
Transformation Committee and any other committee established from 
time to time (ad hoc or otherwise)1
Chairperson
If South African resident
ZAR331,968
ZAR350,226
If United Kingdom resident
£31,212
£32,148
If United States of America resident
US$46,286
US$48,137
If European resident
€41,437
€42,680
Other directors
If South African resident
ZAR172,767
ZAR182,269
If United Kingdom resident
£21,868
£22,524
If United States of America resident
US$28,270
US$29,401
If European resident
€29,040
€29,911
2024
Annual Integrated Report
219
APPENDICES
 

Notice to shareholders continued
From
To
4.
Additional meeting fees for board meetings in excess of five meetings 
per financial year whether attended in person or by teleconference/
videoconference and other ad hoc duties
If South African resident
ZAR53,311
per meeting
ZAR56,243
per meeting
If United Kingdom resident
£5,132
per meeting
£5,286
per meeting
If United States of America resident
US$7,816
per meeting
US$8,129
per meeting
If European resident
€6,805
per meeting
€7,009
per meeting
5.
Travel compensation  
(applicable to long-haul flights with a duration of at least 10 hours)
If South African resident
US$3,800
per meeting
US$3,800
per meeting
If United Kingdom resident
US$3,800
per meeting
US$3,800
per meeting
If United States of America resident
US$3,800
per meeting
US$3,800
per meeting
If European resident
US$3,800
per meeting
US$3,800
per meeting
1	 Fees per annum unless otherwise indicated.
2	 Inclusive of all board committee fees.
	
Sappi’s practice, as advised previously, is to review directors’ fees annually. Special resolution number 1 increases the fees 
currently paid to non-executive directors and board committee members. The recommendation is that all non-executive 
directors’ fees will be adjusted in line with executive management increases globally. The fees would be increased 
by between 3% and 5.5% per annum, depending on the domicile of the director, for the financial year 2025.
	
The review takes into account that the responsibilities of non-executive directors continue to increase substantially flowing 
from legislative, regulatory and corporate governance developments and requirements in South Africa and elsewhere.
	
Non-executive directors’ fees are paid quarterly (in March, June, September and December each year) and the proposed 
increase, if approved, will accordingly be applicable to payments to be made in December 2024 onwards. Initially the 
December 2024 payment will be made on the basis of the existing fee structure, and following shareholder approval 
of the proposed increases, the shortfall in the December 2024 payment will be made up in the March 2025 payment.
	
Directors’ fees and board committee fees are paid to non-executive directors only.
	
In order for this special resolution number 1 to be adopted, the support of at least 75% of the total voting rights exercised 
on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise 
voting rights on the resolution is required.
8.	
Loans or other financial assistance to related or interrelated companies
	
The Companies Act provides that the board of directors of a company may authorise that company to provide direct 
or indirect financial assistance (which includes, without limitation, lending money, guaranteeing a loan or other obligation 
and securing any debt or obligation) to a related or interrelated company, provided that such authorisation shall be made 
pursuant to a special resolution of the shareholders adopted within the previous two years, which approved such 
assistance either for the specific recipient or generally for a category of potential recipients and the specific recipient falls 
within that category. The board of directors of a company can only approve financial assistance if it is satisfied that:
i.	 Immediately after providing the financial assistance, the company would satisfy the solvency and liquidity test contained 
in the Companies Act; and
ii.	 The terms under which the financial assistance is proposed to be given are fair and reasonable to the company.
	
Special resolution number 2
	
“Resolved that the board be and is hereby authorised, in accordance with and subject to the requirements of the 
Companies Act, the JSE Listings Requirements and the company’s MOI, to authorise the company to provide direct 
or indirect financial assistance which the board may deem fit to any company or corporation (wheresoever incorporated 
or registered) which is or becomes from time to time related or interrelated to the company on such terms and conditions 
and in such amounts as the board may determine, subject to the board being satisfied that:
•	 Immediately after providing the financial assistance, the company would satisfy the solvency and liquidity test contained 
in the Companies Act, and
•	 The terms under which the financial assistance is proposed to be given are fair and reasonable to the company.
220
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

	
In order for this special resolution number 2 to be adopted, the support of at least 75% of the total voting rights exercised 
on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise 
voting rights on the resolution is required.
9.	
General authority to repurchase shares
	
Special resolution number 3
	
“Resolved, that the board be and is hereby authorised, by way of a general authority, to approve the repurchase from time 
to time by the company of its own issued ordinary shares (Sappi shares), and to approve the purchase from time to time 
of Sappi shares in the company by any subsidiary from time to time of the company upon such terms and conditions and 
in such amounts as the board may from time to time determine, but subject to (re)purchases by the company and/or its 
subsidiaries pursuant to this general authority not exceeding in total 10% (ten percent) of the number of Sappi shares 
in issue on the date on which this general authority is granted, and subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, Sappi’s 
MOI and the JSE Listings Requirements, when applicable, and any other relevant authority.”
	
It is recorded that the JSE Listings Requirements currently require, inter alia, the following in relation to a general authority 
to repurchase securities:
(a)	 This general authority shall be valid until the next annual general meeting or for 15 months from the date on which the 
general authority is granted, whichever period is shorter
(b)	 Authorisation thereto must be given by the company’s MOI
(c)	 No acquisition may be made at a price more than 10% (ten percent) above the weighted average of the market price 
of the Sappi shares for the 5 (five) business days immediately preceding the date of such acquisition
(d)	 The repurchase of the Sappi shares must be effected through the order book operated by the JSE trading system and 
done without any prior understanding or arrangement between the company and the counterparty (reported trades 
are prohibited)
(e)	 The company may only appoint one agent at any point in time to effect any repurchase(s) on the company’s behalf
(f)	
The company and/or any of its subsidiaries may not acquire Sappi shares during a prohibited period as defined 
in the JSE Listings Requirements unless a repurchase programme is in place. The company must instruct only one 
independent third party, which makes its investment decisions in relation to the Sappi shares independently of, 
and uninfluenced by, the company prior to the commencement of the prohibited period to execute the repurchase 
programme. The repurchase programme must be submitted to the JSE in writing prior to the commencement 
of the prohibited period and must include certain details including (i) the name of the independent agent; (ii) the date 
on which the independent agent was appointed by the company; and (iii) the commencement and termination date 
of the repurchase programme
(g)	 The general authority may be varied or revoked by special resolution of the shareholders prior to the next annual 
general meeting of the company
(h)	 Should the company and/or its subsidiaries cumulatively repurchase 3% of the initial number of Sappi shares (ie, the 
number of Sappi shares in issue at the time that the general authority from shareholders is granted), and for each 
3% in aggregate of the initial number acquired thereafter, an announcement must be made in terms of paragraph 
11.27 of the JSE Listings Requirements
(i)	
The board must have resolved to authorise the repurchase, that the company and its subsidiaries have passed the 
solvency and liquidity test contained in the Companies Act and that, since the test was performed, there have been 
no material changes in the financial position of the group.
	
The company will not affect a repurchase of Sappi shares under the general authority as contemplated in special resolution 
number 1 unless the following requirements are met:
•	 The company will meet a solvency and liquidity test as contemplated in the Companies Act
•	 Each of the company and the group will be able to pay its debts for a period of 12 (twelve) months following the date 
of the repurchase
•	 The assets of each of the company and the group will be in excess of the liabilities of the company and the group for 
a period of 12 (twelve) months following the date of the repurchase, such assets and liabilities having been valued 
in accordance with the accounting policies used in the audited consolidated annual financial statements of the company 
for the year ended 30 September 2024
•	 The share capital and reserves of each of the company and the group will be adequate for the ordinary course 
of business purposes for a period of 12 (twelve) months following the date of the repurchase
•	 The working capital of each of the company and group is considered adequate for ordinary business purposes for 
a period of 12 (twelve) months following the date of the repurchase.
	
In order for this special resolution number 3 to be adopted, the support of at least 75% of the total voting rights exercised 
on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM and entitled to exercise 
voting rights on the resolution is required.
	
The board will exercise the general authority to repurchase Sappi shares should the opportunity arise and should the 
directors deem it in all respects to be advantageous to the company to repurchase such shares.
	
Disclosure in terms of paragraph 11.26 of the JSE Listings Requirements
	
The JSE Listings Requirements require the following disclosures in relation to special resolution number 3, which are 
included in the Annual Integrated Report:
	– Major shareholders of the company – page 208 of the Annual Integrated Report
	– Share capital of the company – page 208 of the Annual Integrated Report.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
221
APPENDICES
 

Notice to shareholders continued
	
Directors’ responsibility statement
	
The directors, whose names are set out on pages 146 to 147 of the Annual Integrated Report, collectively and individually 
accept full responsibility for the accuracy of the information pertaining to special resolution number 3 and certify that 
to the best of their knowledge and belief there are no facts that have been omitted which would make any statement false 
or misleading, and that all reasonable enquiries to ascertain such facts have been made and that the abovementioned 
resolution contains all information required by the JSE Listings Requirements.
	
No material change
	
There has been no material change in the financial or trading position of the company and the group since the financial 
year ended September 2024.
	
Statement of board’s intention
	
The board has not passed any resolution to effect, and has no current specific intention to effect, a repurchase pursuant 
to the general authority as contemplated in special resolution number 3. The board will continually review the company’s 
position, having regard to prevailing circumstances and market conditions, in considering whether to effect such 
a repurchase.
10.	 Signature of documents
	
Ordinary resolution number 14
	
“Resolved that any director and the Group Company Secretary of Sappi (each being entitled to act individually) 
is authorised to sign all such documents and do all such things as may be necessary or reasonably desirable for 
or incidental to the implementation of the resolutions passed at this AGM.”
	
In order for this ordinary resolution number 14 to be adopted, the support of more than 50% of the total voting rights 
exercised on the resolution by shareholders present or represented by representative or proxy at the AGM and entitled 
to exercise voting rights on the resolution is required.
	
Other matters:
	
To transact such other business as may be transacted at an AGM.
	
Identification
	
In terms of section 63(1) of the Companies Act, before any person (shareholder or proxy) may be entitled to attend 
or participate in the AGM, that person must present reasonable satisfactory identification to the chairperson of the 
meeting, who must be reasonably satisfied that such person has the right to listen in to, participate in, and vote at, the 
meeting, either as a shareholder or as a representative or proxy for a shareholder. Acceptable forms of identification 
include a valid identity document, passport or driver’s licence.
	
Certificated shareholders and own name dematerialised shareholders
	
Shareholders who are recorded as such in the securities register on the attendance record date (qualifying shareholders) 
and who:
•	 Hold Sappi shares in certificated form, or
•	 Have dematerialised their shares (ie, have replaced the paper share certificates with electronic records of ownership 
under the JSE’s electronic settlement system) and are recorded in the sub-register in own name dematerialised form 
(ie, shareholders who have specifically instructed their Central Securities Depositary Participant (CSDP) or broker 
to hold their shares in their own name on Sappi’s sub-register), are entitled to:
	– Participate in, speak at, and/or vote at, the AGM, or
	– Appoint one or more proxies to participate in, speak at, and/or vote at, the AGM in their stead. A proxy need not 
be a shareholder. The form of proxy is enclosed.
	
It is requested, for administrative reasons, that forms of proxy be emailed, posted or delivered to the Transfer 
Secretaries at the following addresses to be received by no later than 14:00 (South African Standard Time) on Monday, 
03 February 2025.
Hand deliveries to:
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited 
Rosebank Towers
15 Biermann Avenue
Rosebank
Johannesburg
2196
South Africa
Postal deliveries to:
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited
Private Bag X9000
Saxonwold
Johannesburg
2132
South Africa
Email deliveries to:
proxy@computershare.co.za
222
2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

	
If a certificated shareholder or own name dematerialised shareholder does not email, post or deliver forms of proxy to the 
Transfer Secretaries so as to be received by that time, such shareholder will nevertheless be entitled to email the form 
of proxy to the Transfer Secretaries at proxy@computershare.co.za to be received prior to the commencement of the 
AGM.
	
Beneficial owners of dematerialised shares (other than own name dematerialised shareholders)
	
Beneficial owners of Sappi shares who have dematerialised their Sappi shares and who are not registered as own name 
dematerialised shareholders and who:
•	 Wish to attend, participate in, speak at, and/or vote at, or wish their representatives to participate in, speak at, and/or vote 
at, the AGM must instruct their CSDPs or brokers to provide them or their representatives with a letter of representation 
to enable them or their representatives to participate in, speak at, and/or vote at the AGM; or
•	 Do not wish to participate in, speak at, and vote at, the AGM, should provide their CSDPs or brokers with their voting 
instructions in terms of the relevant custody agreement between them and their CSDPs or brokers.
	
Such a beneficial owner must not complete the attached form of proxy.
	
Electronic participation in the AGM
	
The company intends to make provision for qualifying shareholders, or their representatives or proxies, to participate in, 
speak at, and/or vote at, the AGM by way of electronic communication as provided for in terms of Sappi’s MOI and section 
63(2) of the Companies Act. In this regard, qualifying shareholders or their representatives or proxies may participate in, 
speak at, and/or vote at, the AGM by way of an interactive electronic platform and, if they wish to do so, should note the 
following:
•	 The company will offer a qualifying shareholder (or its representative or proxy) reasonable access through electronic 
facilities and a virtual meeting platform to participate in the AGM
•	 A qualifying shareholder (or its representative or proxy) will, if (and only if) the qualifying shareholder requests that access 
be granted to it (or its representative or proxy) to do so, be able to:
	– Participate in the AGM through electronic facilities; and
	– Vote during the AGM through a virtual meeting platform
•	 A qualifying shareholder is invited to request such access by:
	– Sending an email (a participation request) to the Transfer Secretaries at proxy@computershare.co.za, or
	– Registering at www.smartagm.co.za 
	
Following receipt of a participation request, the Transfer Secretaries will email the relevant contact link and logon details 
to the qualifying shareholder concerned (or its representative or proxy) to enable it (or its representative or proxy) 
to participate in, speak at, and/or vote at, the AGM (a connection details notice). The participation request must specify:
•	 The name of the qualifying shareholder (and, if applicable, of the representative or proxy)
•	 An email address at which the qualifying shareholder (and, if applicable, the representative or proxy) can be contacted.
	
Reasonably satisfactory identification (and a letter of representation or a duly completed form of proxy, if applicable) must 
be attached to a participation request.
	
It is requested, for administrative reasons, that a participation request, complying with the above requirements, be emailed 
to the Transfer Secretaries at proxy@computershare.co.za, to be received by no later than 14:00 (South African Standard 
Time) on Monday, 03 February 2025. If a qualifying shareholder does not email a participation request complying with 
the above requirements to reach the Transfer Secretaries by that time, that qualifying shareholder will nevertheless 
be entitled to email a participation request complying with the above requirements to the Transfer Secretaries at 
proxy@computershare.co.za, to be received prior to the commencement of the AGM. Qualifying shareholders (and 
their representatives or proxies) should nevertheless be aware that if a participation request is sent near to the time 
of commencement of the AGM, there is a risk, and they accept the risk, that: (i) the participation request will not reach 
the Transfer Secretaries prior to the commencement of the AGM; (ii) the Transfer Secretaries will not have sufficient time 
to send the connection details notice prior to the commencement of the AGM; or (iii) the connection details notice will 
not reach the qualifying shareholder (or representative or proxy) prior to the commencement of the AGM.
	
In relation to a participation request complying with the above requirements received by the Transfer Secretaries from 
a qualifying shareholder:
•	 By 14:00 (South African Standard Time) on Monday, 03 February 2025, the Transfer Secretaries will use reasonable 
endeavours to email the connection details notice by no later than 17:00 (South African Standard Time) on Tuesday, 
04 February 2025, or
•	 After 14:00 (South African Standard Time) on Monday, 03 February 2025 but prior to the commencement of the AGM, 
the Transfer Secretaries will use reasonable endeavours to email the connection details notice as soon as reasonably 
practicable after receipt of the participation request.
	
For information purposes only, a guide for electronic shareholders meetings will be available on the company’s website 
(www.sappi.com 
) and can also be obtained from the Transfer Secretaries. Should you have any further questions 
on electronic participation, please send an email to proxy@computershare.co.za.
2024
Annual Integrated Report
223
APPENDICES
 

Notice to shareholders continued
	
Sappi will make the electronic facilities and platform available at no cost to the user. However, any third-party costs relating 
to the use of, or access to, the electronic facilities and platform will be for the user’s account.
	
Sappi does not accept responsibility, and will not be held liable, under any applicable law or otherwise, for:
•	 Any action of, or omission by, the Transfer Secretaries, CSDPs or brokers, or
•	 Any loss arising in any way from the use of the electronic facilities or platform including, without limitation, any 
malfunctioning or other failure of the facilities or platform, or any failure of any email to reach, or delay in any email 
reaching, its intended destination, or
•	 Loss of network connectivity or other network failure due to insufficient airtime, internet connectivity, internet bandwidth 
and/or power outages which prevents any shareholder from participating in and/or voting at the AGM.
	
Sappi shares held by a share trust or scheme
	
Sappi shares held by a share trust or scheme will not have their votes taken into account at the AGM for the purposes 
of resolutions proposed in terms of the JSE Listings Requirements.
	
Questions
	
The board encourages shareholders to participate and to ask questions at the AGM. In order to facilitate efficient 
responses to questions at the meeting, shareholders can submit questions in advance in writing to the Group Company 
Secretary so as to be received by 17:00 (South African Standard Time) on Friday, 24 January 2025 at:
	
108 Oxford Road
	
Houghton Estate
	
Johannesburg
	
2198
	
South Africa
	
or
	
PO Box 52264
	
Saxonwold
	
2132
	
South Africa
	
or
	
By email to ami.mahendranath@sappi.com
	
By order of the Board Secretaries:
	
per: A Mahendranath
	
Group Company Secretary
	
Sappi Southern Africa Limited
	
108 Oxford Road
	
Houghton Estate 
	
Johannesburg
	
2198
	
South Africa
	
13 December 2024
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Notes
1.	
Directors retiring by rotation who are 
seeking re-election
	
Stephen Robert Binnie (Steve) (57)
	
(Chief Executive Officer)
	
Qualifications: BCom, BAcc, CA(SA), MBA
	
Nationality: British
	
Appointed: September 2012
	
Sappi board committee memberships
•	 Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee member
•	 Attends meetings of all other board committees 
by invitation
	
Skills, expertise and experience:
	
Mr Binnie was appointed CEO of Sappi Limited 
in July 2014. He joined Sappi in July 2012 as CFO 
designate and was appointed CFO and Executive 
Director from 01 September 2012. Before joining 
Sappi, he held various senior finance roles and was 
previously CFO of Edcon for 10 years after having 
been in a senior finance role at Investec Bank Limited 
for four years.
	
Brian Richard Beamish (Brian) (67)
	
(Independent)
	
Qualifications: B.Sc. (Mech Eng): HBS PMD
	
Nationality: British and South African
	
Appointed: March 2019
	
Sappi board committee memberships
•	 	Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee member
•	 	Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
member
	
Other board and organisation memberships
•	 	Metso Corporation (Member of the Remuneration 
and Human Resources Committee)
	
Skills, expertise and experience:
	
Mr Beamish is a qualified mechanical engineer with 
over 40 years of relevant management, business and 
leadership experience in capital-intensive industries. 
He was appointed to the Lonmin board in 2013 and 
served as Chairman from May 2014 until June 2019 
when the corporate action with Sibanye Stillwater 
concluded. He also served as Chair of the Nomination 
Committee and as a member of the Remuneration and 
Safety Committee, Health and Environment Committee. 
His senior executive career was spent within Anglo 
American, where his final role until retirement was 
Group Director Mining and Technology, before which 
he was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Base 
Metals division.
	
James Michael Lopez (Jim) (65)
	
(Independent)
	
Qualifications: BA (Economics)
	
Nationality: American
	
Appointed: March 2019
	
Sappi board committee memberships
•	 	Social, Ethics, Transformation and Sustainability 
Committee member
•	 	Human Resources and Compensation Committee 
member
	
Skills, expertise and experience:
	
Mr Lopez is the former President and CEO of Tembec 
Inc (2006 to 2017) having progressed through 
management, senior management and executive 
positions in Tembec since 1989 and also served on 
the Tembec board. In 2017, Mr Lopez successfully 
negotiated the sale of Tembec Inc, a manufacturer 
of lumber, pulp, paper/paperboard and speciality 
cellulose and a global leader in sustainable forest 
management practices. Mr Lopez previously served 
as Co-Chairman of the Bi-National Softwood Lumber 
Council. Previous Chairmanships included the 
Softwood Lumber Board, Forest Products Innovation, 
Ontario Forest Products Association and Forest 
Products Association of Canada.
	
Glen Thomas Pearce (61)
	
(Chief Financial Officer)
	
Qualifications: BCom, BCom Hons, CA(SA)
	
Nationality: South African
	
Appointed: June 1997
	
Sappi board committee memberships
•	 	Expected to attend Audit and Risk Committee 
meetings by invitation
	
Skills, expertise and experience:
	
Mr Pearce joined Sappi Limited in June 1997 as 
Financial Manager and subsequently held various 
senior finance roles in South Africa and in Belgium 
before being promoted to Chief Financial Officer and 
executive director of Sappi Limited in July 2014. Prior 
to joining Sappi, he worked at Murray & Roberts Limited 
from 1992 to 1996.
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APPENDICES
 

Shareholders’ diary
Annual general meeting
05 February 2025
First quarter results released
05 February 2025
Second quarter and half-year results released
08 May 2025
Third quarter results released
07 August 2025
Financial year end
30 September 2025
Preliminary fourth quarter and year results
06 November 2025
Annual Integrated Report posted to shareholders and on website
December 2025
226
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Proxy form
for the annual general meeting
Sappi Limited
(Registration number: 1936/008963/06)
JSE share code: SAP
ISIN: ZAE000006284
(Sappi or the company)
Capitalised (defined) terms have the meanings given to such terms in the notice of AGM, to which this proxy form is attached.
For use only by shareholders who:
•	 Hold shares in certificated form, or
•	 Hold dematerialised shares (ie, where the paper share certificates have been replaced with electronic records of ownership under the JSE’s electronic 
settlement system and are recorded in Sappi’s sub-register with own name registration (ie, shareholders who have specifically instructed their Central 
Securities Depository Participant (CSDP) or broker to record the holding of their shares in their own name in Sappi’s sub-register).
If you are unable to attend the eighty-eighth (88th) AGM of the company to be held at 14:00 (South African Standard Time) on Wednesday, 05 February 2025 
at Sappi’s registered office, in the Oxford Room, Ground Floor, 108 Oxford Road (entrance on Ninth Street) Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, 2198, Republic 
of South Africa and through electronic communication, you should complete and return this form of proxy. The AGM and any resumption thereof pursuant 
to an adjournment or recommencement thereof pursuant to a postponement, is referred to hereinafter as the AGM. It is requested, for administrative 
reasons, that this form of proxy be sent to Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited, the Transfer Secretaries of the company by email, post 
or physical delivery, to the addresses set out later on in the form of proxy, to be received by no later than 14:00 (South African Standard Time) on Monday, 
03 February 2025. If a certificated shareholder or own name dematerialised shareholder does not email, post or deliver forms of proxy to the Transfer 
Secretaries to be received by that time, such shareholder will nevertheless be entitled to email the form of proxy to the Transfer Secretaries to at 
proxy@computershare.co.za to be received prior to the commencement of the AGM.
Beneficial owners of Sappi shares who have dematerialised their Sappi shares and who are not registered as own name dematerialised shareholders and 
who wish to:
•	 Attend the AGM must instruct their CSDPs or brokers to provide them with a letter of representation to enable them to attend such meeting, or
•	 Vote at, but not to attend, the AGM, must provide their CSDPs or brokers with their voting instructions in terms of the relevant custody agreement 
between them and their CSDPs or brokers.
Such beneficial owners must not complete this form of proxy.
I/We (please print names in full)
of (address)
Telephone/Cellphone number:
Email address:
being a shareholder(s) of Sappi holding
Sappi shares and entitled to vote at the AGM, hereby appoint
or failing him/her, the chairperson of the meeting as my/our proxy to attend, speak and vote for me/us on the resolutions to be proposed (with or without 
modification) at the AGM, as follows:
 Number of shares
For
Against
Abstain
Re-election of the directors retiring by rotation in terms of Sappi’s MOI
Ordinary resolution number 1 – Re-election of Mr SR Binnie as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 2 – Re-election of Mr B Beamish as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 3 – Re-election of Mr J Lopez as a director of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 4 – Re-election of Mr GT Pearce as a director of Sappi
Election of Audit and Risk Committee members
Ordinary resolution number 5 – Election of Ms ZN Malinga as a member and Chairperson of the Audit and Risk 
Committee
Ordinary resolution number 6 – Election of Dr B Mehlomakulu as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 7 – Election of Mr RJAM Renders as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 8 – Election of Mr LL von Zeuner as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 9 – Election of Ms E Istavridis as a member of the Audit and Risk Committee
Ordinary resolution number 10 – Re-appointment of KPMG Inc as auditors of Sappi for the financial year ending 
30 September 2025 and until the conclusion of the next AGM of Sappi
Ordinary resolution number 11 – Non-binding endorsement of remuneration policy
Ordinary resolution number 12 – Non-binding endorsement of remuneration implementation report
Ordinary resolution number 13 – Approval of certain amendments to the current Rules of the Sappi Limited 
Performance Share Incentive Plan 
Special resolution number 1 – Non-executive directors’ fees
Special resolution number 2 – Loans or other financial assistance to related or interrelated companies 
Special resolution number 3 – General authority to repurchase shares
Ordinary resolution number 14 – Authority for directors and Group Company Secretary to sign all documents and do all 
such things necessary or reasonably desirable for or incidental to the implementation of the above resolutions
Insert X in the appropriate block if you wish to vote all your shares in the same manner. If not, insert the number of votes in the appropriate block. If no 
indication is given, the proxy will vote as he/she thinks fit.
Signed at
this
day of
Signature
 Assisted by me, where applicable (name and signature)
Please read the notes and instructions on the following pages.
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APPENDICES
 

Notes to the proxy form
1.	
This form of proxy is only to be completed by certificated shareholders and own name dematerialised shareholders.
2.	
A shareholder may insert the name of a proxy or the names of alternative proxies of the shareholder’s choice in the space 
provided, provided that, in the case of concurrent proxies, this form of proxy must clearly state the order in which the 
concurrent proxies votes are to take precedence in the event that both or all of the concurrent proxies are present, and 
vote, at the AGM. If such order is not set out and the chairperson waives such non-compliance, then the person whose 
name stands first on this form of proxy and who is present at the AGM will be entitled to act to the exclusion of those whose 
names follow.
3.	
A shareholder may appoint more than one proxy to exercise voting rights attached to different shares held by the 
shareholder.
4.	
On a show of hands, every shareholder present or represented by proxy or by representative shall have only one vote 
irrespective of the number of shares such shareholder holds. On a poll, every shareholder present or represented by proxy 
or by representative shall be entitled to cast one vote per share held.
5.	
A shareholder’s instructions to the proxy must be indicated by inserting the relevant numbers of votes exercisable by the 
proxy in the appropriate box or by inserting X should the shareholder wish to vote all shares held by it. Failure to comply will 
be deemed to authorise the proxy to vote or to abstain from voting, as the case may be, in respect of all the shareholder’s 
votes, in such manner as the proxy decides. A shareholder or the proxy is not obliged to exercise all the votes exercisable 
by the shareholder or by the proxy, but the total of votes cast and in respect of which abstention is recorded may not 
exceed the total of votes exercisable by the shareholder or by the proxy.
6.	
Forms of proxy must be dated and signed by the shareholder appointing a proxy.
7.	
It is requested, for administrative reasons, that this form of proxy be sent to the Transfer Secretaries, in accordance with the 
details provided below, so as to reach the Transfer Secretaries by no later than 14:00 (South African Standard Time) 
on Monday, 03 February 2025:
Hand deliveries to:
Postal deliveries to:
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited
Rosebank Towers
Private Bag X9000
15 Biermann Avenue
2196
Rosebank
South Africa
Saxonwold
Johannesburg
2132
South Africa
Email deliveries to: proxy@computershare.co.za
	
If a certificated shareholder or own name dematerialised shareholder does not email, post or deliver a form of proxy to the 
Transfer Secretaries to be received by that time, such shareholder will nevertheless be entitled to email the form of proxy 
to the Transfer Secretaries to be received prior to the commencement of the AGM.
8.	
Completing and lodging this form of proxy will not preclude the relevant shareholder from attending the AGM and speaking 
and voting in person to the exclusion of any proxy appointed in terms hereof.
9.	
Documentary evidence establishing the authority of a person signing this form of proxy in a representative capacity 
or other legal capacity must be attached to this form of proxy, unless previously recorded by the Transfer Secretaries 
or waived by the chairperson of the AGM.
10.	
The completion of blank spaces need not be initialled. Any alteration or correction made to this form of proxy must 
be initialled by the signatory/ies.
11.	
If any shares are jointly held, all joint shareholders must sign this form of proxy. If more than one of those shareholders 
is present at the AGM either in person or by proxy, the person whose name appears first in the securities register will 
be entitled to vote to the exclusion of the others.
12.	
Despite the aforegoing, the chairperson of the AGM may waive any formalities that would otherwise be a prerequisite for 
a valid form of proxy.
13.	
If the number of shares held is not indicated on the form of proxy, the proxy will be deemed to be authorised to vote the 
total shareholding registered in the shareholder’s name.
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Transfer secretaries’ offices
Computershare Investor Services Proprietary Limited 
(Registration number: 2004/003647/07)
Rosebank Towers, 15 Biermann Avenue, Rosebank
Johannesburg, 2196, South Africa
Private Bag X9000, Saxonwold, 2132, South Africa)
Tel: +27 11 370 5000
Email: proxy@computershare.co.za
Summary of terms of section 58(8)(b)(i) of the South African Companies Act, 2008, as amended
Section 58(8)(b)(i) provides that the form of proxy supplied by a company for the purpose of appointing a proxy must bear 
a reasonably prominent summary of the rights established by section 58 of the Companies Act, 2008, as amended, which 
summary is set out below:
•	 A shareholder of a company may, at any time, appoint any individual, including an individual who is not a shareholder of 
that company, as a proxy to, among other things, participate in, and speak and vote at, a shareholders’ meeting on behalf 
of the shareholder
•	 A shareholder may appoint two or more persons concurrently as proxies; provided that Sappi’s MOI requires that the 
instrument appointing the concurrent proxies clearly states the order in which the concurrent proxies votes are to take 
precedence in the event that both or all of the concurrent proxies are present, and vote, at the relevant meeting
•	 A shareholder may appoint more than one proxy to exercise voting rights attached to different securities held by the 
shareholder
•	 A proxy may delegate the proxy’s authority to act on behalf of the shareholder to another person. Note, however, that Sappi’s 
MOI prohibits such delegation
•	 A proxy appointment must be in writing, and dated and signed by the shareholder appointing the proxy, and remains valid only 
until the meeting (including any resumption thereof pursuant to an adjournment or recommencement thereof pursuant 
to a postponement) ends, unless the proxy appointment is revoked, in which case the proxy appointment will be cancelled with 
effect from such revocation
•	 A shareholder may revoke a proxy appointment in writing
•	 A proxy appointment is suspended at any time and to the extent that the shareholder chooses to act directly and in person 
in the exercise of any rights as a shareholder
•	 A proxy is entitled to exercise, or abstain from exercising, any voting right of the shareholder without direction, except to the 
extent the form of proxy provides otherwise.
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APPENDICES
 

Administration
Sappi Limited
Registration number: 1936/008963/06
JSE code: SAP
ISIN code: ZAE000006284
Group Company Secretary
Ami Mahendranath
Secretaries
Sappi Southern Africa Limited
108 Oxford Road
Houghton Estate
Johannesburg, 2198
South Africa
PO Box 52264
Saxonwold, 2132
South Africa
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8464
Ami.Mahendranath@sappi.com
www.sappi.com 
Transfer Secretaries
Computershare Investor Services  
Proprietary Limited
Rosebank Towers
15 Biermann Avenue
Rosebank, 2196
South Africa
Private Bag X9000
Saxonwold, 2132
South Africa
Tel +27 (0)11 370 5000
Fax +27 (0)11 688 5238
proxy@computershare.co.za
www.computershare.com 
Corporate Affairs
André Oberholzer
Group Head Corporate Affairs
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8044
Andre.Oberholzer@sappi.com
Investor Relations
Tracy Wessels
Group Head Investor Relations and Sustainability
Tel +27 (0)11 407 8391
Tracy.Wessels@sappi.com
JSE Sponsor
RAND MERCHANT BANK
(A division of FirstRand Bank Limited)
Registration number: 1929/001225/06
1 Merchant place, corner Rivonia Road and Fredman Drive
Sandton, 2146
South Africa
PO Box 786273
Sandton
2146
www.rmb.co.za 
United States ADR Depositary
Overnight/certified/registered delivery:
Computershare
150 Royal Street, Suite 101
Canton, MA 02021
United States of America
PO Box 43078
Providence, RI 02940-3078
United States of America
Tel +1 888 BNY ADRS (+1 888 269 2377) or 
+1 201 680 6825
shrrelations@cpushareownerservices.com
www.computershare.com/investor 
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2024
Annual Integrated Report
 

Forward-looking statements
Certain statements in this release that are neither reported financial results nor other historical information are 
forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements that are predictions of or indicate future 
earnings, savings, synergies, events, trends, plans or objectives. The words ‘believe’, ‘anticipate’, ‘expect’, ‘intend’, 
‘estimate’, ‘plan’, ‘assume’, ‘positioned’, ‘will’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘risk’ and other similar expressions, which are 
predictions of or indicate future events and future trends and which do not relate to historical matters, may 
be used to identify forward-looking statements. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they 
involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which are in some cases beyond our control 
and may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future 
results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements (and from past 
results, performance or achievements). Certain factors that may cause such differences include but are not 
limited to:
•	 The highly cyclical nature of the pulp and paper industry (and the factors that contribute to such cyclicality, such 
as levels of demand, production capacity, production, input costs including raw material, energy and employee 
costs, and pricing)
•	 The impact on our business of adverse changes in global economic conditions
•	 Unanticipated production disruptions (including as a result of planned or unexpected power outages)
•	 Changes in environmental, tax and other laws and regulations
•	 Adverse changes in the markets for our products
•	 The emergence of new technologies and changes in consumer trends including increased preferences for 
digital media
•	 Consequences of our leverage, including as a result of adverse changes in credit markets that affect our ability 
to raise capital when needed
•	 Adverse changes in the political situation and economy in the countries in which we operate or the effect 
of governmental efforts to address present or future economic or social problems
•	 The impact of restructurings, investments, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives (including 
related financing), any delays, unexpected costs or other problems experienced in connection with dispositions 
or with integrating acquisitions or implementing restructuring and other strategic initiatives and achieving 
expected savings and synergies
•	 Currency fluctuations.
We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether 
to reflect new information or future events or circumstances or otherwise.
 

www.sappi.com