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SDX Energy Plc
Annual Report 2019

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FY2019 Annual Report · SDX Energy Plc
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SDX Energy Plc 
2019 Annual Report

Supplying energy  
in an environmentally 
conscious manner  
to the benefit of all  
our stakeholders

Overview 
About Us 

SDX is a North Africa-focused, exploration and production 
company, listed on the AIM market of the London Stock 
Exchange. SDX has a balanced portfolio of production, 
development and exploration assets across Egypt  
and Morocco.  

SDX’s strategy is to leverage our existing organisational 
capabilities and competitive relationships, supported by  
strong ESG values, to access organic and inorganic, low-cost, 
high-margin opportunities which generate stable cash flows  
and self-funded upside. Our vision is to become a growing  
mid-sized independent energy company in 3-5 years with 
strong, natural mitigations to low commodity prices that delivers 
on our purpose of supplying energy in an environmentally 
conscious manner to the benefit of all our stakeholders.

Overview 
Our Highlights                                     01 
Where We Operate                              02

Strategic Report 
Our Strategy                                        06 
Chairman’s Statement                         07
Chief Executive Officer’s Review        08 
Review of Operations                          10
Financial Review                                 22 
Principal Risks & Uncertainties           30 
S.172 Statement                                 31
ESG Report                                          34

Corporate Governance 
Board of Directors                               38
Chairman’s Introduction to  
Corporate Governance                        40
Statement of Corporate Governance  41
Directors’ Report                                 43
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures    45 
Remuneration Committee Report      53
Audit Committee Report                    57
Reserves Committee Report               58
Statement of Directors’ 
Responsibilities                                    59 

Financial Statements 
Independent Auditors’ Report            62
Consolidated Balance Sheet               66
Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income                      67
Consolidated Statement of  
Changes in Equity                               68
Consolidated Statement of  
Cash Flows                                          69
Notes to the Consolidated  
Financial Statements                           70
Independent Auditors’  
Report-Company                                 94
Parent Company Balance Sheet         98
Parent Company Statement  
of Changes in Equity                           99
Notes to the Parent Company  
Financial Statements                         100
Corporate Information                       IBC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview  
Our Highlights 

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Operational

4,062boe/d 

FY2019 working interest production,  
14% higher than FY2018

50MMscfe/d 

OYF-2 & BMK-1 

South Disouq plateau production rate, 
achieved ahead of plan in December 2019

Discovery wells in Morocco confirm 
productive area extends to the north

•     2019 entitlement production of 4,062 boe/d was 14% higher than 2018, and by individual asset, production either exceeded or was at the upper end of 2019 
guidance. The 24% year on year production increase in Morocco supported our customers’ growth using natural gas, a less carbon-intensive fuel source. 

•     South Disouq field brought on production as planned in Q4 2019. The performance of the Central Processing Facility (“CPF”) and wells exceeded 

expectations and resulted in an accelerated ramp up to plateau of gross 50 MMscfe/d in mid-December, which was three months ahead of expectations. 
This performance has been sustained to date in 2020. 

•     Continuing the exploration drilling campaign in South Disouq, the SD-12X well targeting gross 33 bcfe as estimated by management was spud  
on 18 March 2020. The SD-6X well encountered sub-economic quantities of gas, however this has no anticipated read across to SD-12X. 

•     The Moroccan drilling campaign, which commenced in Q4 2019, has resulted in seven discoveries from nine wells drilled to date, with the tenth well,  

LMS-2, completed and awaiting crew mobilisation for testing. Significantly, the discoveries at OYF-2 and BMK-1 have confirmed that the prospectivity in SDX’s 
existing core production and development area extends to the north, and have de-risked c.20 bcf of P50 prospective resources. Five commercial discoveries close 
to existing infrastructure have increased gross 2P gas reserves to 6.0 bcf as at 31 December 2019, up from 5.1 bcf as at 31 December 2019. All of the objectives 
of the drilling campaign were achieved with 10 wells allowing the Company to preserve capital and defer the final two wells to a later campaign. 

•     As at 31 December 2019, the Company's working interest share of audited 2P reserves was 12.0 mmboe and audited 2C contingent resources was  

2.6 mmboe(1). Approximately 2.3 mmboe of the 2.6 mmboe of contingent resources relates to the Company’s Meseda and Rabul producing assets in its 
West Gharib concession in Egypt. These contingent resources will be converted to 2P reserves upon approval of the development plan for the wells required 
to produce them. The Company's 2P reserves and 2C resources estimates have been audited in accordance with the COGE Handbook & PRMS by Gaffney, 
Cline & Associates, an independent qualified reserves evaluator and auditor. 

           (1)      Using a conversion ratio of 6.0 Mcf:1 boe.

Financial

US$39.3m 

FY2019 netback includes growth  
in Morocco and first production from  
South Disouq

US$43.0m 

FY2019 capex, predominantly for the  
South Disouq development (US$21.4 million) 
and Morocco drilling (US$14.5 million)

US$18.6m 

Available liquidity at 31 December 2019, 
US$11.1 million of cash and US$7.5 million 
undrawn EBRD facility

•     Realised prices: FY2019 realised Moroccan gas prices of US$10.39/mcf (FY2018: US$10.33/mcf) and oil prices of US$55.93/bbl (FY2018: 

US$62.43/bbl). Noting the recent significant fall in crude oil prices, and assuming a US$35 Brent planning price, the Company advises that, due to its gas 
businesses having fixed priced contracts of US$2.65/MMbtu (US$2.85/mcf) in Egypt and approximately US$10-US$12/mcf in Morocco and assuming  
no prolonged business interruptions as result of COVID-19, approximately 90% of the Company’s 2020 cash flows will be generated from these gas 
business, increasing to over 95% in 2021. 

•     Netback: FY2019 netback of US$39.3 million was driven by strong production growth in Morocco and Meseda together with South Disouq starting  

up. However, overall netback was 6% lower than FY 2018 due to production decline in NW Gemsa, lower realised oil price and a US$2.0 million increase  
in opex due to the production increase/start-up at South Disouq and a greater allocation of employee costs to opex in FY2019 compared to FY2018 which 
had a greater allocation to capex.  

•     EBITDAX: FY2019 EBITDAX of US$34.2 million in line with FY2018 of US$34.3 million due to lower netback being partly offset by lower transaction  

costs and lower share-based payment charges. 

•     Operating cash flow (before capex): FY2019 operating cash flow (before capex) of US$25.1 million, lower than FY2018 of US$36.2 million primarily  

due to FY2018 reflecting US$11.2 million of cash inflows from the reduction of backdated Egyptian receivables compared to cash inflows from receivables 
of US$2.0 million in FY2019. The Company has no aged Egyptian receivables as at 31 December 2019. 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 01

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview  
Where We Operate 

Egypt 

SDX Energy is actively involved in exploration 
and development activities in Egypt’s Eastern 
Desert, Nile Delta, and Gulf of Suez basins. 

lexandria

The Eastern Desert and Gulf of Suez areas account for the bulk of 
Egypt’s historical oil production. These two areas are geologically related 
and expertise acquired in one translates across to the other. The Nile 
Delta area offers exciting exploration opportunities in a prolific and 
proven hydrocarbon system with multiple productive horizons.

959km2 

Combined concession area

4 

Concessions

Port Said

South Disouq
55% working interest

Cairo

EGYPT

Nile

Suez

G

u

l

f

o

f

S

u

e

z

South Ramadan
12.75% working interest

Block-H Meseda
50% working interest

North West Gemsa
50% working interest

Red

Morocco 

The Company’s Moroccan acreage consists of 
five concessions, all of which are located in the 
Gharb Basin in northern Morocco. 

In April 2017, the Sebou Onshore permit was renewed for eight years 
over a larger area and renamed Sebou Central. In June 2017, the Gharb 
Centre Exploration permit was acquired directly from the State, and in 
February 2019, the Moulay Bouchta concession was awarded and Lalla 
Mimouna Sud concession re-awarded by the State.

4,239km2 

Combined concession area

5 

Concessions 
75% working interest in each

02 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

Lalla Mimouna 
Nord

Gharb Centre

Lalla Mimouna 
Sud

Sebou

Moulay Bouchta 
Ouest

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 03

Strategic Report

Our Expertise 
Onshore 

04 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

Strategic Report 

Our Strategy                                                                                                                 06 
Chairman’s Statement                                                                                                  07  
Chief Executive Officer’s Review                                                                                 08 
Review of Operations                                                                                                  10  
Financial Review                                                                                                          22 
Principal Risks & Uncertainties                                                                                    30 
S.172 Statement                                                                                                          31 
ESG Report                                                                                                                  34  

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 05

 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Our Strategy 

SDX’s strategy is to leverage our existing organisational capabilities and competitive relationships, 
supported by strong ESG values, to access organic and inorganic, low-cost, high-margin opportunities 
which generate stable cash flows and self-funded upside. Our vision is to become a growing mid-sized 
independent energy company in 3-5 years with strong, natural mitigations to low commodity prices 
that delivers on our purpose of supplying energy in an environmentally conscious manner to the 
benefit of all our stakeholders. 

We will execute this strategy using our strategic capabilities across five areas: 

Technical

Low-cost drilling & project 
development

Subsurface expertise with 
track record of exploration 
success

Operations

Safe, experienced 
North African operator

Low-cost onshore 
operator

Management

Clear strategy

Strong leadership

Focused on risk 
management

Committed to ESG

Financial

Strong financial discipline

Long-term fixed-price gas 
contracts & low opex/bbl 
mitigates commodity price risk

Shareholder support 
for growth

Cultural

Strong HSE culture

Entrepreneurial
Commercially agile

Dynamic capability to 
respond to environment

06 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
Strategic Report  
Chairman’s Statement 

2019 saw SDX hit the key 
milestone of first gas at its South 
Disouq asset in Egypt in the last 
quarter of the year. The Group 
achieved this goal on time and on 
budget, which is both testament 
to the hard work and the level of 
skill we have within our team.

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2019 saw SDX hit the key milestone of first gas at its South Disouq asset  
in Egypt in the last quarter of the year. The Group achieved this goal on 
time and on budget, which is both testament to the hard work and the 
level of skill we have within our team. We ended 2019 having grown 
production against the comparative period, with ramp up at South Disouq 
being achieved three months earlier than anticipated. As well as proving 
the aforementioned skills at SDX to develop such projects of scale, South 
Disouq production has put the Group in a strong position as the low opex 
and high free cashflow allows us more optionality to grow the Company 
further in 2020 and beyond. 

In Morocco, we increased production by 24% versus 2018, as all of our 
customers reached stabilised production rates. Our long-term, fixed-priced 
contracts provide both high operating margins and also mitigation against 
oil price volatility, which has been especially pronounced in the first few 
months of 2020. Given this, we have been encouraged by several 
exploration well results that confirm that our core productive acreage  
in the Gharb basin extends further to the north. 

As well as growing from an operational perspective in 2019, I am proud  
to say that SDX has also been strengthening its focus on the environmental, 
social and governance (“ESG”) issues that surround its operations and 
stakeholders. We have put together an ESG committee, led by Mark Reid 
our CEO supported by team members from across the business, whose task 
it is to ensure that we focus on the sustainability of our business and bring 
ESG issues into the corporate narrative. 

Our exemplary safety record was continued in 2019 as we incurred zero 
Lost Time Incidents, building once again on our strong HSE track record. 
The safety of our employees remains of the utmost importance for SDX 
and our strong record not only means operations run efficiently, but we 
also show to our employees that they are working for a Company that 
makes their safety its number one priority. 

The leadership of SDX saw some major changes during 2019 with Mark Reid 
appointed as CEO on a permanent basis and Nick Box being appointed to the 
position of CFO, having previously served as Group Financial Controller. As well 
as changes in CEO and CFO roles, SDX was pleased to announce the 
appointment of Amr Al Menhali as Non-Executive Director of SDX.  
Mr Al Menhali is the CEO of Waha Capital, the Company’s largest shareholder, 
and has a track record of over 20 years in senior leadership positions across a 
number of high profile institutions which will bring further strength to our 
Board. Post-period, the Board also announced the appointment of Catherine 
Stalker as independent Non-Executive Director. Catherine is an extremely 
experienced director and consultant to the Boards of FTSE companies, public 
sector bodies, regulators, pension funds and not-for-profit organisations. I can 
confidently say that we have significantly strengthened our Board in the period, 
and we sit with a wealth of experience as we navigate our growth plan in 2020. 

To conclude, on behalf of my fellow Board members, I would like to thank  
our shareholders for their continued support. I would also like to thank our 
employees for their tireless work and commitment to the Company during 
what was a period of delivering on targets efficiently. We can be proud of  
what we all have built thus far, and with our strong portfolio of cash-generative 
assets, a strong balance sheet and talented workforce, and notwithstanding 
the current wider uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 pandemic,  
we can continue to grow and deliver value for all of our stakeholders. 

Michael Doyle 
Non-Executive Chairman 
7 April 2020 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 07

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 

After being appointed as Interim CEO in May, I was delighted to be asked 
to take the position permanently in November and at the same time to 
welcome Nick Box as my successor to become CFO. After achieving first 
gas at South Disouq during Q4 2019, and with the hard work of the 
executive team and colleagues in Cairo, Rabat and London, we have 
successfully progressed our drilling campaigns in Morocco and Egypt. 
Morocco is now completed and we look forward to completing the 
campaign in Egypt in the near future and to growing our business  
further during 2020 and beyond.  

Overall, production in 2019 was strong at 4,062 boe/d, which was 14% 
higher than the previous year, and on an individual asset basis, production 
either exceeded expectations or was at the upper end of our 2019 guidance.  

FY2019 netback of US$39.3 million was driven by strong production 
growth in Morocco and Meseda together with South Disouq starting up. 
However, overall netback was 6% lower than FY 2018 due to production 
decline in NW Gemsa, lower realised oil price and a US$2.0 million increase 
in opex due to the production increase/start-up at South Disouq and a 
greater allocation of employee costs to opex in FY2019 compared to 
FY2018 which had a greater allocation to capex.  

During the year at South Disouq in Egypt, the CPF, the 12” gas export  
line and four 6” well flowlines were constructed and, in line with Market 
guidance, the South Disouq field was successfully brought onto production 
in Q4 2019. Since coming online, the CPF and the wells have exceeded 
expectations, enabling us to accelerate our ramp up to a plateau of gross 
50 MMcfe/d in mid-December which was approximately three months 
ahead of expectations. Elsewhere in Egypt, two new production wells,  
RB-7 and MSD-19, were successfully drilled and completed at West Gharib 
during 2019. These two wells, in conjunction with the on-going workover 
programme, supported strong gross production in the first nine months of 
the year, resulting in the full year out-turn being at the upper end of 
guidance. In North West Gemsa, the 2019 well workover programme 
continued and performed solidly with gross production being 
approximately 500 boe/d above guidance due to a slower rate of  
pressure decline, and a slowdown in water cut increases.  

In Morocco, the drilling campaign which commenced in Q4 2019,  
has resulted in seven discoveries out of nine wells drilled to date and  
we plan to test our tenth well, LMS-2, after the COVID-19 restrictions in 
Morocco are lifted. Two additional compressors and well workovers in the 
second half of the year added significant gas deliverability to the existing 
well stock. The recent discoveries at OYF-2 and BMK-1, drilled post-period 
end, were the most significant wells in the campaign as they have 
confirmed that the prospectivity in SDX’s existing core production and 
development area extends to the north and consequently de-risks c.20 bcf 
of P50 prospective resources.  

Overall, production in 2019 was 
strong at 4,062 boe/d, which was 
14% higher than the previous 
year, and on an individual asset 
basis, production either exceeded 
expectations or was at the upper 
end of our 2019 guidance.

08 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
  
 
  
  
SDX remains fully funded for all 2020 activities from existing liquidity,  
with a cash balance of US$11.1 million at the year-end and a further  
US$7.5 million of undrawn availability in our EBRD credit facility.  
US$43.0 million of capital expenditure was invested into the Company 
during the year, with US$21.4 million invested into the South Disouq 
development project and US$14.5 million in Morocco for the 2019/2020 
drilling campaign.  

I would also like to draw the reader’s attention to our first ESG report, on 
pages 34 to 35. I am proud of the contribution that we are making to CO2 
emission reductions in Morocco as we support our customers’ transition 
away from heavy fuels to our cleaner-burning natural gas. In Egypt we 
have designed, constructed and commissioned a CPF at South Disouq that 
has efficient and environmentally sensitive operation at its core. We take 
pride in investing in our people and I am delighted to lead a team that has 
98% of its in-country roles populated by citizens of Egypt or Morocco. 
Furthermore, SDX has established an ESG committee, headed by myself, 
that will continue to drive engagement with ESG during 2020 and beyond. 
This is an initiative that I am passionate about. 

In summary, 2019 resulted in many changes for the Company, and we are 
pleased to have delivered on the objectives that were set out in May when 
I became interim CEO. Our delisting from the TSX-V in Canada and the 
change in management was delivered smoothly by the Board and 
operationally, SDX continues to go from strength to strength. In line  
with our strategy, we continue to evaluate sensible and accretive M&A 
opportunities and will update the Market at the appropriate time should 
any of these evaluations progress accordingly.  

Looking ahead, we see significant challenges in the industry, not least  
in the downward revision in both oil prices and equity valuations and the 
uncertainty caused by COVID-19. However, we feel it important to note 
that after the restart of operations at our three Moroccan customers that 
are temporarily closed due to COVID-19 issues, at an oil price of 
US$35/bbl approximately 90% of 2020 and over 95% of 2021 forecast 
cash flows come from our fixed price gas businesses in Egypt and 
Morocco, insulating us from much of the impact of falling oil price.  
That said, we recognise that the full extent of the potential impact this 
issue remains unclear. We will of course take the necessary steps at all 
times to ensure the safety of our employees, contractors and operations. 

Finally, I would like to thank our shareholders, the Board, the senior 
leadership team and all of our employees for their unfaltering support in  
a transformational year for SDX. The past year has highlighted the strength 
of the Company as it operated seamlessly through a change of CEO and at 
the same time, efficiently delivered on multiple work programmes in Egypt 
and Morocco. We look forward to keeping everyone up to date on an 
exciting year ahead for SDX.  

Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer and Director 
7 April 2020 

7 out of 9 

Gas discovery wells in 2019/20 Morocco 
drilling campaign

US$18.6m 

Liquidity as at 31 December 2019,  
US$11.1million cash and US$7.5 million 
undrawn EBRD facility

50MMscfe/d 

South Disouq plateau production rate 
achieved ahead of plan in December 2019

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 09

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 

Health & Safety 

SDX Energy is committed  
to protecting the safety  
of its employees and the 
communities where it 
operates.

10 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
SDX Energy is committed to protecting the 
safety of its employees and the communities 
where it operates. SDX has had no recordable  
injuries to date in any of its operations. We are 
implementing a Safety Management System in 
our assets that will ensure uniform policies and 
practices are in place across all SDX’s operations 
to safeguard the wellbeing of our employees and 
the communities in which we operate. With one 
eye on the future, we have established a suitably 
flexible and sophisticated safety system to suit 
our growing portfolio. 

In 2019 we commenced production at our South 
Disouq CPF which brought new process safety 
challenges to our business. These challenges 
were dealt with through having safety-critical 
devices and systems already identified and 
having a full maintenance and performance 
standard process in place for the CPF starting  
up. SDX’s planning for critical incidents includes 
having an Emergency Response Plan in place 
and we regularly conduct critical incident 
simulations that include both in-country teams 
and the emergency response centre in London. 

SDX holds its partners to the same level of safety 
standards as it applies to itself. We intend to 
audit our partners against our Safety Management 
System in 2020 and share with them areas for 
improvement. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 11

 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 
continued

South 
Disouq 
Overview 
South Disouq is a 828km2 
concession located 65km 
north of Cairo in the  
Nile Delta region.

Mediterranean Sea

Alexandria

South Disouq

Western
Desert

EGYPT

Red Sea

Cairo
Nile

12 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
2019 was a year of major progress at the  
South Disouq asset. Central to this was the 
design, fabrication, installation, testing and 
commissioning of the CPF, alongside the 
construction, testing and completion of the  
12” export gas pipeline to the Egyptian national 
grid and the four 6” well flow lines to the CPF. 
Prior to the start of production, flow tests were 
conducted on all four wells (SD-1X, -3X and -4X 
and IY-1X), with each flowing at expected rates. 

The CPF commenced production and delivery of 
natural gas into the national grid on 7 November 
2019, in line with market guidance, and on 
budget. The performance of the CPF and the wells 
exceeded expectations, leading to an accelerated 
ramp up to gross plateau production of  
50 MMscfe/d in mid-December which was three 
months ahead of expectations. Post-year end the 
CPF has continued to operate without issue. 

Concurrent with the drilling and development 
activity, a subsurface remapping and re-
evaluation of the South Disouq and Ibn Yunus 
discoveries was conducted and subsequently 
audited by the Company’s qualified independent 
reserves auditor, Gaffney, Cline & Associates, 
resulting in a 35% increase in gross 2P reserves 
from 66 bfce to 89 bcfe. 

Evaluation of the exploration prospectivity over 
the wider South Disouq concession continued 
during the year. Field operations to acquire a  
170km2 3D seismic survey were safely and 
successfully completed in February 2019.  
Final processed 3D seismic data from the 
170km2 survey that was completed in February 
2019 was received in Q2 2019 and interpreted 
alongside the re-processing of the 300km2 3D 
seismic data acquired in 2016. 

In Q4, the final prospect list for future drilling 
was completed and the Company commenced 
plans to drill two exploration wells in 2020, Salah 
and Sobhi, targeting gross unrisked P50 volumes 
of up to 104 bcf from gas sands in the Kafr El 
Sheikh and Abu Madi formations. 

The SD-6X (Salah) well was drilled in Q1 2020, 
to a total depth of 3,167 metres. The well 
encountered 1.7 metres of net gas bearing sand 
in the Kafr El Sheikh Formation (average porosity 
34%), 1.0 metre of net gas bearing sand in the 
Abu-Madi Formation which has 143 metres of 
high quality net reservoir (average porosity 24%) 
and 258 metres of high quality net reservoir in 
the Qawasim Formation (average porosity 20%). 
The gas sands in both the Kafr El Sheikh and 
Abu Madi were deemed to be sub-economic and 
the Qawasim had low gas saturation. The thinner 
than expected gas columns encountered in  
SD-6X is attributable to the absence of a sealing 
mechanism in the stratigraphic traps being 
targeted by the well. The well results are 
currently being analysed. 

The rig subsequently moved to the site of the 
next drilling location on the South Disouq 
licence, the SD-12X (Sobhi) exploration well, 
which is to the north and structurally up dip  
of the Ibn Yunus discovery, and was spud on  
18 March 2020. The result of SD-6X is not 
anticipated to have any technical read across  
to SD-12X which is targeting a management 
estimate of 33 bcfe. If this well is successful it  
will be completed and tied back to the CPF. 

The 2020 total gross capex is expected to be 
approximately US$8.7 million, with SDX’s share 
being approximately US$7.2 million. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 
continued

Morocco 
Overview 
The Company’s Moroccan 
acreage (SDX 75% working 
interest and operator) 
consists of five concessions, 
all of which are in the Gharb 
Basin in Northern Morocco.

14 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
Commencing in Q4 2019, seven “close to 
infrastructure” appraisal/development wells were 
drilled in the 2019/20 campaign, resulting in five 
commercial discoveries. Five of these wells were 
completed by 31 December 2019, four of which 
were discoveries. These four discoveries have 
increased gross gas reserves to 6.0 bcf as at  
31 December 2019, up from 5.1 bcf as at  
31 December 2018. 

The subsequent two wells, OYF-2 and BMK-1, 
have confirmed that the Company’s core 
productive area extends to the north. The OYF-2 
well intersected both pre-drill targets in the 
Upper and Lower Guebbas horizons, and has 
been successfully tested. Management estimates 
that 1.3-1.9 bcf of gas is recoverable from the 
horizons encountered at OYF-2. The BMK-1 
well, further to the north, also encountered gas 
in both the Upper and Lower Guebbas horizons, 
albeit due to downhole issues only the former 
could be logged and completed. Management 
estimates that 0.9 bcf of gas is recoverable from 
both of these horizons. The BMK-1 well will be 
tested in the coming months. 

Significantly, the OYF-2 and BMK-1 wells  
have de-risked up to 20 bcf of close-by P50 
prospective resources for future drilling,  
of which approximately 10 bcf is located  
in and around BMK-1. 

On 19 March 2020, it was announced that  
the LMS-2 well had been drilled to a measured 
depth of 1,190 metres, with electric logging 
showing that a 10.6 metre net gas reservoir  
with 30.9% porosity had been encountered on 
prognosis at the base of the H9/Srafen 
formation. Unlike previous gas discoveries  
in the south of the acreage, analyses while 
drilling indicated that the different thermogenic 
composition of the gas suggests that it is from  
a new and likely deeper source rock. The well 
has been cased and completed and, when 
changes to COVID-19 restrictions make it 
possible to bring a well testing crew into the 
country, it will be perforated and tested to 
determine its potential. 

Following the play-opening discoveries  
made during the campaign, the Company is 
undertaking an analysis to optimise tie-in costs 
and future drilling activity in this new area. 

Having fulfilled the objectives for the Morocco 
campaign, being; (i) to add reserves in and 
around its existing infrastructure; (ii) to 
determine if its existing producing area extends 
to the north; and (iii) to test the prospectivity 
within the Lalla Mimouna concession, the 
Company has decided not to drill the final two 
planned wells. The last two planned wells would 
not have been immediately tied into the 
Company’s infrastructure or contributed cash 
flows in the near term, and so the Company has 
decided to preserve its capital and postpone 
these last two wells, at no incremental cost,  
for a future campaign. 

The above developments will allow the Company 
to significantly extend reserve life and continue  
to support lower CO2 emissions at our customers. 

During the second half of 2019, all eight 
customers connected to the Company’s gas 
delivery infrastructure and reached expected 
consumption rates, with annual average gross 
production of 6.4 MMscf/d being at the upper 
end of 2019 guidance of 6.0-6.5 MMscf/d gross 
annual average. 

In order to extend the life of currently  
producing wells beyond their natural flow limits, 
the Company acquired two compressors, which 
were purchased in Q2 2019. Well workovers were 
also carried out during the second half of the 
year. Both of these initiatives added significant 
gas deliverability to the existing well stock, 
meaning that the connection of the new 
discovery wells from the 2019/20 campaign  
has been able to be deferred into 2020. 

The 2020 total gross capex is expected to be 
approximately US$14.6 million, with SDX’s share 
being approximately US$13.5 million. 

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Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 
continued

Meseda 

Overview 
Block-H is located in the  
Eastern Desert, 230km  
southeast of Cairo. 

The concession covers  
an area of 22km2.

Trans Globe

open

HOSHIA

Trans Globe

open

H

Eastern  Desert

South Hania

West Gharib

open

Trans Globe

5KM

Trans Globe

Trans Globe

K

Meseda

MESEDA

FADI

Trans Globe

M

open

open

Trans Globe

16 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
During 2019, the Company participated  
in the drilling of two development wells. 

In Q2 2019 the Rabul-7 well was drilled t 
o a total depth of 1,774 metres and encountered 
approximately 45 metres of net heavy oil pay 
across the Yusr and Bakr formations, with an 
average porosity of 18%. The well was 
completed as a producer and brought on-line  
at an average stabilised rate over five days of 
approximately 415 bbl/d (gross). 

In Q3 2019 the MSD-19 well was drilled to  
a total depth of 1,555 metres and encountered 
approximately 45 metres of net heavy oil pay 
across the Asl Formation, with an average 
porosity of 24%. The well was completed as  
a producer and brought online at an average 
stabilised rate over five days of approximately 
315 bbl/d (gross). 

These wells, in conjunction with the ongoing 
workover programme, supported strong gross 
production in the first nine months of 2019  
from new wells. This ensured that, despite 
increasing water cut in the field in the latter  
part of the year, annual gross production of 
4,171 bbl/d was at the upper end of guidance  
of 4,000-4,200 bbl/d. 

On 10 March 2020, the Company announced 
that the Rabul-3 development well in the West 
Gharib Concession in Egypt had been drilled to  
a total depth of 1,709 metres and encountered 
approximately 39 metres of net heavy oil pay 
across the Yusr and Bakr formations. The well  
will be completed as a producer in mid-April 
2020, connected to the central processing 
facilities at Meseda and is expected to be 
brought on-line at an average stabilised rate of 
approximately 300 bbl/d, which is at the upper 
end of pre-drill expectations. 

Gross capex in 2020 is expected to be 
approximately US$4.0 million (US$2.0 million 
net to SDX) for two development wells, 
workovers and pump replacements, and  
facilities upgrades. 

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Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 
continued

NW Gemsa 

Overview 
The North West Gemsa  
concession is located in the 
Eastern Desert, 300km 
southeast of Cairo. 

The concession covers  
an area of 83km2. 

The NW Gemsa concession is a mature, late-life 
asset that is increasingly challenged by actual 
and forecast oil prices, and a high cost base.  
As such, it is currently considered non-core  
and the Company expects to exit in 2020. 

No wells were drilled during 2019, but the 
ongoing workovers programme, a slower rate  
of pressure decline, and a slowdown in water cut 
increases, helped generate gross annual average 
production of 3,672 boe/d, which was above 
2019 guidance of 3,000-3,200 boe/d. 

As the field is fully developed, gross capex in 
2020 is expected to be approximately  
US$4.0 million (US$2.0 million net to SDX) 
consisting of up to 10 workovers and 
infrastructure maintenance, but no  
additional wells. 

Gulf  of  Suez

North West Gemsa

GEYAD

AL  AMIR 

Eastern
Desert

AL OLA

Eastern
Desert

10KM

18 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
South Ramadan 

Overview 
The 26km2 South Ramadan 
development concession is  
located in the offshore Gulf 
of Suez, between the prolific 
Ramadan and Morgan fields. 

During 2019 the Company continued to 
participate in the re-development of the South 
Ramadan field, following the drilling of the SRM-
3 well. This well reached a target depth of 5,212 
metres on 13 January 2019. The operator 
reported encountering 25 metres of net 
conventional oil pay in the Matulla section 
(primary target), 7 metres of net conventional oil 
pay in the Brown Limestone formation and a 
further 5 metres of net conventional oil pay in the 
Sudr section. The well was completed over the 
Thebes, Brown Limestone, and Sudr Formations. 

Following the discovery, offshore and onshore 
pipework was carried out in 2019, alongside the 
offshore unmanned platform rehabilitation.  
First production is expected in Q2 2020. 

Given the Company’s low equity share in the 
South Ramadan concession, and its immateriality 
compared to the remainder of the Company’s 
portfolio, the asset is considered non-core.  
In 2020 the Company will decide how best  
to optimise its position in the licence. 

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Gulf  of  Suez

RAMADAN 

South Ramadan

JULY

RAMADAN
 MARINE 
SOUTH 

Eastern
Desert

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 19

 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Review of Operations 
continued

Group proved plus 
probable reserves 
and contingent 
resources

20 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

The proved and probable reserves and contingent resources of the SDX Energy Plc Group presented below are extracted from an independent technical and 
economic valuation of the Group’s Egyptian and Moroccan assets performed by Gaffney, Cline & Associates which has an effective date of 31 December 2019. 
The reserve definitions used are contained within the Petroleum Resources Management System (“PRMS”) as approved by the Society of Petroleum 
Engineers and the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook. 

Gas reserves at as 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2019 have been converted to barrels of oil equivalent (“boe”) using a factor of 6,000 cubic feet  
per boe for reporting and comparison purposes. Actual calorific value of produced gas may result in a different conversion factor for individual assets. 

All figures below are SDX Energy working interest in boe: 

                                                                                                          Egypt                                                                        Morocco                       Total 
Asset
                                                        South Disouq            West Gharib             NW Gemsa     South Ramadan            Gharb Basin                                 
Working interest                                                           55%                        50%                        50%                   12.75%                        75%                                 
As at 31 December 2018                                             6.22                        4.56                        1.65                              -                        0.66                      13.09 
Discoveries                                                                         -                              -                              -                              -                        0.19                        0.19 
Re-classification                                                                 -                       (2.20)                            -                        0.19                              -                       (2.01) 
Revisions                                                                      2.07                        0.60                       (0.20)                            -                        0.19                        2.66 
Production                                                                  (0.25)                     (0.76)                     (0.66)                            -                       (0.29)                     (1.96) 
As at 31 December 2019                                           8.04                        2.20                        0.79                        0.19                        0.75                      11.97 

Proved reserves                                                            4.28                        1.46                        0.40                        0.11                        0.51                        6.76 
Probable reserves                                                         3.76                        0.74                        0.39                        0.08                        0.24                        5.21 
As at 31 December 2019                                           8.04                        2.20                        0.79                        0.19                        0.75                      11.97 

                                                                                                          Egypt                                                                        Morocco                       Total 
Asset
                                                        South Disouq            West Gharib             NW Gemsa     South Ramadan            Gharb Basin                                 
Working interest                                                           55%                        50%                        50%                   12.75%                        75%                                 

2C contingent resources                                                    -                        2.34                        0.10                        0.15                              -                        2.59 
As at 31 December 2019                                                 -                        2.34                        0.10                        0.15                              -                        2.59 

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Strategic Report  
Financial Review 

Operational and financial highlights 

In accordance with industry practice, production volumes and revenues are reported on a Company interest basis, before the deduction of royalties. 

                                                                                                                              Three months ended 31 December                    Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                 Prior quarter(1)                         2019                          2018                          2019                          2018 
NW Gemsa oil sales revenue                                                                                 7,186                        6,458                       10,439                      29,794                       42,260  
Royalties                                                                                                              (3,084)                     (2,772)                     (4,480)                   (12,787)                  (18,137) 
Net oil revenue                                                                                                     4,102                        3,686                         5,959                      17,007                       24,123  

Block-H Meseda production service fee revenues                                               3,577                        3,289                         4,083                      14,390                       14,185  

South Disouq gas sales revenue (2)                                                                               -                        3,735                                 -                        3,735                                 - 
Royalties                                                                                                                       -                      (1,270)                               -                      (1,270)                               - 
Net South Disouq gas revenue                                                                                                              2,465                                                          2,465                                 - 

Morocco gas sales revenue                                                                                   4,734                        5,207                         3,496                      18,258                       14,614  
Royalties                                                                                                                 (140)                        (240)                         (118)                        (736)                         (334) 
Net Morocco gas sales revenue                                                                            4,594                        4,967                         3,378                      17,522                       14,280  

Net other products revenue                                                                                    274                           866                            420                        1,849                         1,091  

Total net revenue                                                                                           12,547                      15,273                       13,840                      53,233                       53,679  

Direct operating expense                                                                                    (3,503)                     (3,434)                      (3,392)                   (13,900)                    (11,934) 

Netback: NW Gemsa oil (3)                                                                                    2,299                        2,133                         4,085                        9,702                       17,475  
Netback: Block-H Meseda                                                                                   2,339                        2,037                         2,894                        9,889                       10,234  
Netback: South Disouq gas (3)                                                                                      -                        2,281                                 -                        2,281                                 - 
Netback: Morocco gas                                                                                          4,132                        4,522                         3,049                      15,612                       12,945  
Netback: Other products (3)                                                                                      274                           866                            420                        1,849                         1,091  
Netback (pre-tax)                                                                                            9,044                      11,839                       10,448                      39,333                       41,745  

EBITDAX                                                                                                             8,316                      10,813                         7,103                      34,244                       34,306  

NW Gemsa oil sales (bbl/d)                                                                                  1,354                        1,216                         1,808                        1,370                         1,743  
Block-H Meseda production service fee (bbl/d)                                                    798                           738                            864                           795                            734  
South Disouq gas sales (boe/d)                                                                                   -                        2,375                                 -                           599                                 - 
Morocco gas sales (boe/d)                                                                                      827                           890                            648                           802                            646  
Other products sales (boe/d)                                                                                  448                           502                            604                           496                            451  
Total sales volumes (boe/d)                                                                         3,427                        5,721                         3,924                        4,062                         3,574  

NW Gemsa oil sales volumes (bbls)                                                                 124,576                   111,902                     166,296                   499,869                     636,249  
Block-H Meseda production service fee volumes (bbls)                                   73,445                      67,855                       79,530                   290,091                     267,834  
South Disouq gas sales (boe)                                                                                       -                   218,535                                 -                   218,535                                 - 
Morocco gas sales volumes (boe)                                                                      76,039                      81,887                       59,573                   292,741                     235,694  
Other products sales volumes (boe)                                                                  41,212                      46,202                       55,564                   181,080                     164,468  
Total sales volumes (boe)                                                                          315,272                   526,381                     360,963                1,482,316                  1,304,245  

Brent oil price (US$/bbl)                                                                                    $61.92                      $63.41                       $67.75                      $64.33                       $71.06 
West Gharib oil price (US$/bbl)                                                                         $57.31                      $57.04                       $60.09                      $58.39                       $62.05 

Realised NW Gemsa oil price (US$/bbl)                                                            $57.68                      $57.71                       $62.77                      $59.60                       $66.42 
Realised Block-H Meseda service fee (US$/bbl)                                               $48.70                      $48.47                       $51.34                      $49.61                       $52.96 
Realised oil sales price and service fees (US$/bbl)                                            $54.35                      $54.22                       $59.07                      $55.93                       $62.43 

Realised Morocco gas price (US$/mcf)                                                             $10.38                      $10.60                         $9.78                      $10.39                       $10.33 

Total royalties (US$/boe)                                                                                   $10.80                        $9.07                       $13.53                      $10.76                       $14.86 
Operating costs (US$/boe)                                                                                $11.11                        $6.52                         $9.40                        $9.38                         $9.15 
Netback (US$/boe)                                                                                      $28.68                      $22.49                       $28.94                      $26.53                       $32.01 

Capital expenditures                                                                                             8,777                      16,444                         8,316                      42,989                      44,023       

(1)  Three months ended 30 September 2019                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

(2)  South Disouq gas is sold to the Egyptian State at a fixed price of US$2.65 MMbtu, which equates to approximately US$2.85/Mcf                                                                                                                                                             

(3)  When calculating netback for other products ( NW Gemsa natural gas and NGLs and South Disouq condensate), all NW Gemsa and South Disouq operating costs are allocated to oil and gas respectively, as associated products 

have assumed nil incremental operating costs.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

22 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
 
Oil sales and production service fee revenues 

                                                                                                                 Three months ended 31 December                Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                        Prior quarter                       2019                       2018                       2019                       2018 
Oil sales revenue                                                                                        7,186                      6,458                    10,439                    29,794                    42,260  
Production service fee revenues                                                               3,577                      3,289                      4,083                    14,390                    14,185  
Total oil sales and production service fees revenue                         10,763                      9,747                    14,522                    44,184                    56,445  

Oil sales revenue (relates to NW Gemsa only) 

Oil sales volumes 
Total oil sales volumes for the three and 12 months ended 31 December 2019 averaged 1,216 bbl/d and 1,370 bbl/d against 1,808 bbl/d  
and 1,743 bbl/d for the comparative periods of the prior year. 

Total sales volumes decreased by 136,380 barrels, 21%, to 499,869 barrels in the 12 months ended 31 December 2019, compared to 636,249 barrels  
in the comparative period of 2018. This decrease was due to water cut increase in several wells due to natural field decline, partly offset by increased 
production from two new wells that came into production in Q3 2018, AASE-27 and Al Ola-4, which had a full 12 months’ impact in 2019. 

Total sales volumes decreased by 12,674 barrels, 10%, in the three months ended 31 December 2019, compared to the previous quarter due to downhole 
issues and water cut increase, partly offset by well workover results. 

Oil sales pricing 
The Company has exposure to the volatility of commodity price markets for all its oil sales and service fee volumes and changes in the foreign exchange 
rate between the Egyptian pound and the US dollar for capital and operational expenditure. The Operational and Financial Highlights table in this 
Financial Review outlines the changes in various benchmark commodity prices and the economic parameters that affect the prices received for the 
Company’s oil sales and service fee volumes. 

During the 12 months ended 31 December 2019, the Brent price ranged from a low of US$53.23 per barrel on 3 January 2019 to a high of US$74.94 per 
barrel on 25 April 2019. The Company does not currently hedge any of its production. 

For the three and 12 months ended 31 December 2019, the Company’s oil sales achieved an average realised price per barrel of oil of US$57.71 and 
US$59.60 respectively compared to the average Brent Oil price (“Brent”) for the periods of US$63.41 and US$64.33 respectively. This is a discount of 
US$5.70 (9%) and US$4.73 (7%) per barrel respectively. The Company receives a discount to Brent because of the quality of the oil produced. A further 
deduction is reflected in the realised price as a result of marketing fees. For the three and twelve months ended 31 December 2018, the Company 
achieved an average realised price of US$62.77 and US$66.42 respectively. 

Oil sales revenue variance from prior year 
For the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the 12 months ended 31 December 2018), oil sales revenue decreased by US$12.5 million  
as a result of a decrease in the sales price of US$3.4 million, 8%, and a decrease in sales volume of US$9.1 million, 21%, owing to increased water cut  
as the result of natural field decline. The decrease was partly compensated for by a full 12 months’ production from two new wells that were brought 
online during Q3 2018. 

US$’000s 
Twelve months ended 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                           42,260  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                         (3,408) 
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                               (9,058) 
Twelve months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                       29,794  

Oil sales revenue variance from prior quarter 
For the three months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the three months ended 30 September 2019), oil sales revenue decreased  
by US$0.7 million, 10%, as a result of a decrease in sales volume due to increased water cut and downhole issues in one well. 

US$’000s 
Three months ended 30 September 2019                                                                                                                                                                              7,186  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3  
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (731) 
Three months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                           6,458  

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Strategic Report  
Financial Review 
continued

Production service fees (relates to Meseda only) 

Production service fee volumes 
The Company recorded service fee revenue relating to the oil production that is delivered to the State Oil Company (“GPC”) from the Meseda and Rabul 
areas of Block H. The Company is entitled to a service fee of between 19.0% and 19.25% of the delivered volumes and has a 50% working/paying interest. 
The service fee revenue is based on the current market price of West Gharib crude oil, adjusted for a quality differential. 

Total production service fee volumes for the 12 months ended 31 December 2019, increased by 22,257 barrels, 8%, to 290,091 barrels, compared to  
the 12 months ended 31 December 2018. The increase was mainly due to a full 12 months’ production from wells put on production in the second half  
of 2018 and production from two new wells in 2019, RB-7 and MSD-19. This increase was partly offset by a reduction in production resulting from 
increased water cut in several wells. Barrels produced per day during Q4 2019 decreased by 8% to 738bbl/d, compared to 798bbl/d during Q3 2019  
as a result of a water cut increase across several wells and downhole issues, which offset increased production from the new well MSD-19, which came  
into production during Q3 2019. 

Production service fee pricing 
For the three and 12 months ended 31 December 2019, the Company received an average service fee per barrel of oil of US$48.47 and US$49.61 
respectively, compared to the average West Gharib prices for the periods of US$57.04 and US$58.39, representing a discount of US$8.57 (15%) per  
barrel and a discount of US$8.78 (15%) per barrel. The Company receives a discount to West Gharib because of the quality of the oil produced. For the 
three and 12 months ended 31 December 2018, the Company received an average service fee of US$51.34 and US$52.96 per barrel of oil respectively.  

Production service fee variance from prior year 
For the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the 12 months ended 31 December 2018), the increase in production service fee revenue  
of US$0.2 million, 1%, to US$14.4 million was the result of increased production of US$1.2 million, 8%, which was partially offset by a decrease in pricing 
in 2019. The higher production was the result of three new wells coming on production in late 2018 (MSD-16, MSD-15 and RB-2), two new wells on 
production in 2019 (MSD-19 and RB-7) and well workover results that were partially offset by an increase in water cut. 

US$’000s 
Twelve months ended 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                           14,185  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                            (973) 
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1,178  
Twelve months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                       14,390  

Production service fee variance from prior quarter 
For the three months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the three months ended 30 September 2019), the decrease in production service  
fee revenue of US$0.3 million, 8%, was mainly due to a decrease in production, caused by increased water cut. The decrease was partly compensated  
for by a full quarter’s production from MSD-19, a new well that was put on production in Q3 2019. 

US$’000s 
Three months ended 30 September 2019                                                                                                                                                                              3,577  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                              (16) 
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                  (272) 
Three months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                           3,289  

South Disouq gas sales revenue 
The Company sells gas production from the South Disouq concession to the Egyptian national gas company, EGAS, at a fixed price of US$2.65 MMbtu, 
which equates to approximately US$2.85/Mcf, with the Government of Egypt’s entitlement share of gross production equating to approximately 51%. 
Production from the South Disouq field commenced during Q4 2019, reaching plateau of 50 MMscfe/d in mid-December, several months ahead of plan.  

24 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Morocco gas sales revenue 
The Company currently sells natural gas to eight industrial customers in Kenitra, northern Morocco.  

Morocco gas sales variance from prior year 
For the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the 12 months ended 31 December 2018), the increase in Morocco gas sales revenue  
of US$3.7 million, 25%, is primarily due to an increase in sales volumes as a result of all customers achieving stabilised consumption rates during  
the second half of 2019.  

US$’000s 
Twelve months ended 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                           14,614  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                              105  
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3,539  
Twelve months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                       18,258  

Morocco gas sales variance from prior quarter 
For the three months ended 31 December 2019 (compared to the three months ended 30 September 2019), the increase in Morocco gas sales revenue  
of US$0.5 million, 11%, is the result of all customers achieving stabilised consumption volumes following operational ramp-up phases and greater sales 
volumes to customers with higher-priced contracts. 

US$’000s 
Three months ended 30 September 2019                                                                                                                                                                              4,734  
Price variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                              109  
Production variance                                                                                                                                                                                                                    364  
Three months ended 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                           5,207  

Royalties 
Royalties fluctuate in Egypt from quarter to quarter because of changes in production and the impact of commodity prices on the amount of cost  
oil or gas allocated to the contractors. In turn, there is an impact on the amount of profit oil or gas from which royalties are calculated. 

In Morocco, sales-based royalties become payable when certain inception-to-date production thresholds are reached, according to the terms  
of each exploitation concession.  

Direct operating costs 
Direct operating costs for the three and 12 months ended 31 December 2019 were US$3.4 million and US$13.9 million respectively, compared to  
US$3.4 million and US$11.9 million respectively for the comparative period of the prior year. During Q4 2019, the direct operating costs decreased 
marginally to US$3.4 million, compared to the prior quarter costs of US$3.5 million. 

The direct operating costs per concession were: 

                                                                                                                 Three months ended 31 December              Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                        Prior quarter                       2019                       2018                       2019                       2018 
NW Gemsa                                                                                                 1,803                      1,553                      1,874                      7,305                      6,648  
Block-H Meseda                                                                                        1,238                      1,252                      1,189                      4,501                      3,951  
South Disouq                                                                                                     -                         184                              -                         184                              - 
Morocco-Sebou                                                                                            462                         445                         329                      1,910                      1,335  
Total direct operating expense                                                              3,503                      3,434                      3,392                    13,900                    11,934  

The direct operating costs per boe per concession were:  

                                                                                                                 Three months ended 31 December              Year ended 31 December 
US$/boe                                                                                         Prior quarter                       2019                       2018                       2019                       2018 
NW Gemsa                                                                                                 10.88                      10.55                        8.45                      10.90                        8.30  
Block-H Meseda                                                                                        16.86                      18.45                      14.95                      15.52                      14.75  
South Disouq                                                                                                     -                        0.80                              -                        0.80                              - 
Morocco-Sebou                                                                                           6.08                        5.43                        5.52                        6.52                        5.66  
Total direct operating costs per boe                                                     11.11                        6.52                        9.40                        9.38                        9.15  

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Financial Review 
continued

Morocco gas sales revenue (continued) 
Direct operating costs (continued) 
NW Gemsa 
NW Gemsa direct operating costs for the 12 months to 31 December 2019 were US$7.3 million, US$0.7 million higher than the comparative period  
of the prior year. The variance is the result of the allocation of certain employee costs to direct operating expense that had been previously allocated  
to capital expenditure during the 2018 drilling campaign. The quarter-on-quarter decrease in the NW Gemsa direct operating costs per US$/boe to 
US$10.55/boe from US$10.88/boe is due to lower workover-related costs in Q4 2019, while production decreased at a comparatively lower rate.  

Block-H Meseda 
Direct operating costs for the 12 months to 31 December 2019 for Block H-Meseda were US$0.5 million higher than the comparative period of the prior 
year owing to an increase in production and higher operational staff costs. For the three months to 31 December 2019, the direct operating costs per bbl 
increased to US$18.45/bbl, 9%, compared to the prior quarter due to lower production and a higher cost base.  

South Disouq 
Direct operating costs for South Disouq for both periods to 31 December 2019 for South Disouq were US$0.2 million, reflecting the start-up  
of the operations during Q4 2019. 

Morocco-Sebou 
Direct operating costs for the 12 months to 31 December 2019 for Morocco were US$0.6 million higher than in the comparative period of the prior  
year. The variance is the result of higher production in 2019 and higher allocated operational employee costs to direct operating expenses in the  
12 months to 31 December 2019, an element of which was allocated to drilling in 2018. 

Direct operating costs for the three months to 31 December 2019 were slightly lower than the previous quarter. For the three months to 31 December 2019, 
the cost per bbl decreased to US$5.43/bbl, compared to US$6.08/bbl in the previous quarter due to higher volumes taken by customers against a relatively 
stable cost base  

General and administrative expenses 

                                                                                                                                                                                          Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Wages and employee costs                                                                                                                                                                      7,678                      6,433  
Consultants-inc. PR/IR                                                                                                                                                                               570                         544  
Legal fees                                                                                                                                                                                                    401                         272  
Audit, tax and accounting services                                                                                                                                                             761                         968  
Public company fees                                                                                                                                                                                   652                         602  
Travel
                                                                                                                                                                                                      252                         348  
Office expenses                                                                                                                                                                                           391                      1,051  
IT expenses                                                                                                                                                                                                 545                         426  
Service recharges                                                                                                                                                                                    (6,257)                   (5,829) 
Ongoing general and administrative expenses                                                                                                                                       4,993                      4,815  
Transaction costs                                                                                                                                                                                      1,079                      2,455  
Total net G&A                                                                                                                                                                                         6,072                      7,270  

Ongoing general and administrative (“G&A”) costs for the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 were US$5.0 million compared to US$4.8 million for the 
same period of the prior year. Ongoing G&A costs in 2019 were higher primarily as the result of higher wages and employee costs due to London staff 
severance payments to two employees in Q2 2019. These costs were partly offset by lower office expenses in 2019, resulting from the change to the 
accounting standard for leases under IFRS 16. 

Transaction costs in 2019 related to the re-domicile of the Group from Canada to the UK, the Group’s capital reduction, and previous business 
development initiatives. 2018 transaction costs mainly related to the proposed acquisition of a package of assets in Egypt from BP.  

Capital expenditures 
The following table shows the capital expenditure for the Company. It agrees with notes 9 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2019, which include discussion therein. 

                                                                                                                                                                                          Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Property, plant and equipment expenditures (“PP&E”)                                                                                                                         5,387                    14,288  
Exploration and evaluation expenditures (“E&E”)                                                                                                                                37,403                    29,000  
Office furniture and fixtures                                                                                                                                                                       199                         735  
Total capital expenditures                                                                                                                                                                  42,989                    44,023  

26 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment expense 
Following declining performance in the NW Gemsa asset and a reduction in oil price assumptions, management tested the NW Gemsa asset for 
impairment, resulting in an estimated nil recoverable amount and an impairment expense of US$8.3 million. Please see note 9 to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements for further discussion. 

Exploration and evaluation expense 
For the year ended 31 December 2019, exploration and evaluation expenses stood at US$11.4 million, compared to US$5.7 million in the comparative 
period of the previous year. In the year ended 31 December 2019, the expense relates mainly to: 
•

the write-off of the South Disouq 3D seismic data acquired in 2018/19 (US$3.7 million). Following review of the prospectivity of the area covered by 
this survey, in the southern area of the concession, it has been determined that there is insufficient time before the concession expires in 2020 to drill 
the identified prospects; 
the write-off of the capitalised expenditure relating to the South Ramadan asset. At the reporting date, management performed an assessment  
of discovered volumes and likely future capital and operating expenditure requirements for this concession which indicated that the Company’s 
historic capitalised expenditure will not be fully recovered. As such, a write off of US$5.1 million has been recognised to reflect the nil recoverable 
amount of this asset; and  
the write-off of a non-commercial well, CGD-15, which was drilled in Q4 2019 during the 2019/20 Morocco drilling campaign (US$1.5 million).  

•

•

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The remaining expense of US$1.1 million relates to new business evaluation activities that occurred during 2019.  

Depletion, depreciation and amortisation 
For the 12 months ended 31 December 2019, depletion, depreciation, and amortisation (“DD&A”) amounted to US$26.3 million, compared to US$17.3 
million in the comparative period of the previous year. The variance is mainly the result of new wells and production growth in Morocco and Block-H 
Meseda and the start of production in South Disouq in Q4 2019. The variance is partly offset by a downward 2P reserve revision at NW Gemsa in 2018. 

The DD&A for right of use assets relates had been recorded in line with IFRS 16. Please refer to note 23 in the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

                                                                                                                                                                                          Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
NW Gemsa                                                                                                                                                                                               7,618                      7,763  
Block-H Meseda                                                                                                                                                                                      2,437                      1,897  
South Disouq                                                                                                                                                                                           1,356                              - 
Morocco-Sebou                                                                                                                                                                                     13,752                      7,230  
Right of use assets                                                                                                                                                                                      697                              - 
Other
                                                                                                                                                                                                      435                         378  
Total DD&A                                                                                                                                                                                           26,295                    17,268  

Sources and uses of cash 
The Company reported a cash position of US$11.1 million as at 31 December 2019, with an undrawn facility with EBRD amounting to US$7.5 million. 
The following table sets out the Company’s sources and uses of cash for the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 and 2018:  

                                                                                                                                                                                          Year ended 31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Sources                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
Operating cash flow before working capital movements                                                                                                                     26,875                    28,744  
Issuance of common shares                                                                                                                                                                            -                         114  
Changes in non-cash working capital                                                                                                                                                             -                      8,584  
Dividends received                                                                                                                                                                                     639                         525  
Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                        382                              - 
Total sources                                                                                                                                                                                        27,896                    37,967  

Uses
Changes in non-cash working capital                                                                                                                                                       (504)                            - 
Property, plant and equipment expenditures                                                                                                                                      (25,739)                 (21,945) 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures                                                                                                                                              (5,576)                 (22,865) 
Payments of lease liabilities                                                                                                                                                                      (795)                            - 
Finance costs paid                                                                                                                                                                                     (267)                      (197) 
Income taxes paid                                                                                                                                                                                   (1,306)                   (1,091) 
Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                              -                        (368) 
Total uses                                                                                                                                                                                            (34,187)                 (46,466) 

Decrease in cash                                                                                                                                                                                   (6,291)                   (8,499) 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period                                                                                                                               17,345                    25,844 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period                                                                                                                                    11,054                    17,345  

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
Strategic Report  
Financial Review 
continued

Going concern and actual and potential impacts of the COVID-19 virus and the low oil price environment  
SDX acknowledges the continuing impact of the COVID-19 virus and oil price volatility on financial markets. In this regard, it is important to note that 
SDX’s core business is underpinned by long-term fixed-price natural gas contracts, with production from our Gharb Basin gas fields in Morocco and South 
Disouq in Egypt. Assuming a US$35/bbl oil price, and no prolonged business interruptions as result of COVID-19, 90% of our operating cash flows in 
2020 and over 95% in 2021 are generated by these assets, which are also characterised by low operating costs of less than US$6.50/boe. Our other core 
asset, the Meseda oil field in Egypt, is also profitable at US$35/bbl price levels, based on existing operating costs, which we are working with the operator 
to reduce. Following completion of the Morocco (Q1 2020) and South Disouq (Q2 2020) drilling campaigns, SDX’s forecast capital expenditure reduces 
materially, with operating costs and general & administrative expenses being stable and predictable. 

We have also considered counter party credit risk. In Egypt all our gas is sold directly to the Egyptian state and to date SDX has collected all amounts 
owing to it. In Morocco we make sales to eight industrial users, for whom natural gas is integral to their process and that work across a number of sectors 
including ceramics, packaging, food, and automotive. The majority of our customers are owned by national or international corporations who are 
considered to be financially robust, and these customers account for c.90% of normal daily consumption. All Moroccan contracts also contain take or pay 
provisions with minimum contracted volumes, albeit that Force Majeure claims may challenge the applicability of these clauses. Since SDX acquired the 
Moroccan assets in 2017, there have been no bad debt defaults and invoices are typically collected within credit terms. At the time of issuance of the 2019 
Annual Report, three customers in Morocco had advised the Company that they were temporarily closing down operations as a result of the impact of 
COVID-19 on their businesses, initially in line with current Moroccan government requirements to 22 April 2020, however this may be extended if 
considered necessary. These three customers account for approximately 50% of the revenues of the Moroccan businesses. Whilst consumption by the 
Company’s other customers is unaffected by COVID-19 at the time of writing, such is the seriousness and unpredictability of the situation, there is no 
certainty that further disruptions will be avoided in the future. Given the low operating and G&A cash costs of running the Moroccan operation, the 
business is cash flow positive at 20% of current consumption levels, with no remedial actions put in place. We will continue to monitor activity at our 
customers. At this point COVID-19 has not impacted production operations in Egypt. To date, there have been no significant impacts on the Company’s 
employees, contractors or suppliers.  

From a liquidity perspective, SDX seeks to maintain a robust cash balance (US$11.1 million as at 31 December 2019) in all price environments and has  
an undrawn credit facility with EBRD which is available if required, and which amortises through to July 2021. We are in discussions with the ERBD to 
maintain the available facility at its current level of US$7.5 million. We maintain bank accounts with financially-robust and credit-worthy institutions,  
and can move cash reserves around the Group if necessary. 

At the time of writing, there are substantial uncertainties surrounding the impact of the COVID-19 virus and the volatility of the oil price. SDX remains 
committed to open and transparent disclosure of information as the situation evolves. SDX believes it is well positioned to weather the current challenges 
given its focus on fixed-price gas, high margin projects, diverse counterparty exposure, flexibility around capital expenditures, and robust liquidity. 

Nicholas Box 
Chief Financial Officer and Director 
7 April 2020 

28 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of quarterly results 

Fiscal year                                                                                                                           2019                                                             2018               
Financial US$’000s                                                                                     Q4             Q3             Q2             Q1             Q4             Q3             Q2             Q1 
Cash, beginning of period                                                                     12,587       11,195       11,354       17,345       18,713       25,234       29,277       25,844  
Cash, end of period                                                                                11,054       12,587       11,195       11,354       17,345       18,713       25,234       29,277  
Working capital                                                                                      12,511       19,307       17,604       21,423       29,409       33,190       36,355       43,091  
Comprehensive (loss)/income                                                             (18,162)          333          (489)          132       (4,029)       3,169            640            331  
Net (loss)/income per share-basic                                                         (0.084)       0.002       (0.002)       0.001       (0.020)       0.015         0.003         0.002  
Capital expenditure                                                                                16,444         4,728         8,777       13,041         8,316       11,017       14,742         9,948  
Total assets                                                                                           133,018    139,542    140,122    137,630    138,107    146,239    143,419    140,497  
Shareholders’ equity                                                                              98,031    115,806    115,346    116,491    116,039    119,848    116,246    115,282  
Common shares outstanding (000s)                                                   204,723    204,723    204,723    204,723    204,723    204,706    204,493    204,493  

Fiscal year                                                                                                                           2019                                                             2018               
Operational                                                                                                 Q4             Q3             Q2             Q1             Q4             Q3             Q2             Q1 
NW Gemsa oil sales (bbl/d)                                                                     1,216         1,354         1,326         1,586         1,808         1,987         1,665         1,507  
Block-H Meseda production service fee (bbl/d)                                        738            798            818            826            864            802            706            558  
South Disouq gas sales (boe/d)                                                              2,375                 -                 -                 -                 -                 -                 -                 - 
Morocco gas sales (boe/d)                                                                         890            827            729            761            648            615            656            664  
Other products sales (boe/d)                                                                     502            448            493            542            604            485            403            307  
Total boe/d                                                                                              5,721         3,427         3,366         3,715         3,924         3,889         3,430         3,036  

NW Gemsa oil sales volumes (bbls)                                                     111,902    124,576    120,624    142,768    166,296    182,803    151,520    135,630  
Block-H Meseda production service fee volumes (bbls)                      67,855       73,445       74,475       74,315       79,530       73,761       64,286       50,257  
South Disouq gas sales (boe)                                                              218,535                 -                 -                 -                 -                 -                 -                 - 
Morocco gas sales volumes (boe)                                                         81,887       76,039       66,358       68,458       59,573       56,602       59,740       59,779  
Other products sales volumes (boe)                                                      46,202       41,212       44,875       48,791       55,564       44,575       36,681       27,646  
Total sales and service fee volumes (boe)                                           526,381    315,272    306,332    334,332    360,963    357,741    312,227    273,312  

Brent oil price (US$/bbl)                                                                         63.41         61.92         68.95         63.02         67.75         75.18         74.53         66.86  
West Gharib oil price (US$/bbl)                                                              57.04         57.31         63.16         56.03         60.09         65.36         63.99         58.75  

Realised oil price (US$/bbl)                                                                     57.71         57.68         64.98         58.22         62.77         70.76         68.41         62.81  
Realised service fee (US$/bbl)                                                                48.47         48.70         53.56         47.58         51.34         55.50         54.37         50.00  
Realised oil sales price and service fees                                                   54.22         54.35         60.62         54.58         59.07         66.38         64.23         59.34  

Realised Morocco gas price (US$/mcf)                                                  10.60         10.38         10.31         10.26           9.78         11.05         10.51         10.03  

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Royalties (US$/boe)                                                                                  9.07         10.80         12.27         11.99         13.53         16.88         14.90         13.92  

Operating costs (US$/boe)                                                                       6.52         11.11         11.72         10.09           9.40           9.45         10.15           7.30  

Netback-(US$/boe)                                                                                22.49         28.69         29.84         27.84         28.94         33.62         33.00         32.80  

Non-IFRS measures 
The Financial Review contains the terms “netback” and “EBITDAX”, which are not recognised measures under IFRS. The Company uses these measures  
to help evaluate its performance. 

Netback 
Netback is a non-IFRS measure that represents sales net of all operating expenses and government royalties. Management believes netback to be a useful 
supplemental measure to analyse operating performance and provide an indication of the results generated by the Company’s principal business activities 
prior to the consideration of other income and expenses. Management considers netback an important measure because it demonstrates the Company’s 
profitability relative to current commodity prices. Netback may not be comparable to similar measures other companies use. See Netback reconciliation  
to operating income/(loss) in note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

EBITDAX 
EBITDAX is a non-IFRS measure that represents earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, exploration expense, and impairment,  
which is operating income/(loss) adjusted for the add-back of depreciation and amortisation, exploration expense, and impairment of property,  
plant, and equipment (if applicable). EBITDAX is presented so that users of the financial statements can understand the cash profitability of the  
Company, excluding the impact of costs attributable to exploration activity, which tend to be one-off in nature, and the non-cash costs relating  
to depreciation, amortisation, and impairments. EBITDAX may not be comparable to similar measures other companies use. See EBITDAX  
reconciliation to operating income/(loss) in note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 29

 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
Principal Risks & Uncertainties 

SDX continuously monitors and assesses its risks across the organisation. Risk registers are maintained at the group, country and project level. At the 
group level, each risk is managed by a member of the Executive Committee, and owned by either an Executive Director, or the Board, as appropriate. 

The current principal risks and their mitigations are detailed below: 

Risk                                                                            Mitigation 

Investment returns 

Insufficient liquidity to ensure                                   •     Establish and maintain an effective cash forecasting process.  
business remains a going concern/                           •     Collect receivables on a timely basis 
funded for planned activity                                        •     Maintain relationship with lenders/establish new relationships if necessary. 
                                                                                   •     Effective working capital management. 
                                                                                   •     Establish and maintain effective contracting processes.  

Material reduction in oil prices                                   •     SDX currently has a low portfolio exposure to the oil price as gas sold from South Disouq and 

in Morocco is on long-term, fixed-price contracts 

Loss of support of major shareholder(s)                    •     Management and the Board maintains and agreed dialogue with key shareholders, the largest 

                                                                                   •     The Company aims to deliver on its strategy 
                                                                                   •     Management seeks to ensure that shareholders’ investment generates adequate returns. 

of which has the right to appoint a Non-Executive Director to the Company’s Board. 

Operations and HSE 

Major operational incident                                         •     Implementation of SDX Safety Management System 
                                                                                   •     Monitoring of key process safety metrics 
                                                                                   •     Regular inspections of non-operated assets 
                                                                                   •     Insurance is procured to address insurable risks 

Failure of exploration and                                          •     Robust G&G resources and process for evaluation of exploration and development 
development strategy                                                       opportunities are in place 
                                                                                   •     Work only with reputable outsourced drilling contractors/service providers 
                                                                                   •     Strategy does not require SDX to be a world class explorer 

Unable to achieve production targets/                     •     Established field development planning process 
recover reserves                                                          •     Production reporting produced on a timely basis 
                                                                                   •     Establishing maintenance and operability process 
                                                                                   •     Establishing reservoir management process  
                                                                                   •     Adequate human/technical resources in place within organisation 

Terrorism & sabotage                                                 •     Develop and implement SDX security system (in conjunction with expert third party) 
                                                                                   •     Specialist terrorism and sabotage insurance cover is maintained.  

Political and commercial environment 

Political stability in asset geographies leads              •     Capital allocation is carried out having regard for perceived country risk 
to loss of ability to operate effectively                       •     Management teams across the business carry out passive monitoring 
                                                                                   •     The company develops and maintains strong in-country relationships with the authorities  

Non-compliance with laws and regulations               •     Established and fully communicated/embedded ABC policy and Code of Conduct 
                                                                                   •     Annual ABC training, with written confirmations from recipients 
                                                                                   •     Appropriate tone at the top 

30 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report  
SDX Energy Plc Directors’ S.172 Statement 2019 

SDX Energy maintains high operating standards, with a clear focus on health, safety and the environment to ensure the safety of its employees,  
local communities and the environment in which the Company operates. 

The Board of Directors of SDX Energy recognises the importance of building and sustaining relationships with stakeholders on a daily basis,  
considering the long term consequences of our decisions, and the need to foster a sound business reputation. The Board of Directors believe  
that all stakeholders must be treated with fairness and respect, and have identified the following groups as being important to our success: 
-     Employees 
-     Shareholders 
-     Communities local to where we work 
-     National and local governments and regulatory agencies 
-     Asset partners 
-     Suppliers 
-     Financial institutions 

The following mapping sets out responsibilities for each of the above stakeholder groups and how we engage with them, as overseen by the Board as a whole: 

   Stakeholder                                          Internal responsibility                         Communication channels                   Issues typically considered 

   Employees                                            Chief Executive Officer                          E-mail                                                    Training and development 
                                                                                                                                 Telephone and video conferences         HR policies and procedures 
                                                                                                                                 Town hall meetings                                Health and safety 
                                                                                                                                                                                                Anti-Bribery and Corruption 
                                                                                                                                                                                                Corporate initiatives 

   Shareholders                                        Chairman of the Board and                   E-mail                                                    Investment returns 
                                                                  Chief Executive Officer                          Telephone and videoconferences          Operational and financial 
                                                                                                                                 Face to face meetings                           performance 
                                                                                                                                 RNS announcements                             Strategy 
                                                                                                                                 Investor conferences                              Funding 
                                                                                                                                 Website                                                  Risk management 
                                                                                                                                 Annual and interim reporting                 
                                                                                                                                 Via third party advisors                           
                                                                                                                                 including brokers                                    

   Communities local to where              Country managers                                 Face to face meetings                           Environmental management 
   we work                                                                                                               Public meetings                                     Social development initiatives 
                                                                                                                                 E-mail                                                    Community health 
                                                                                                                                 Telephone 

   National and local governments       Country managers                                 Face to face meetings                           Asset management 
   and regulatory agencies                                                                                    E-mail                                                    Environmental compliance 
                                                                                                                                 Telephone                                              Social investment 
                                                                                                                                 Written communications                       Cash collections 

   Asset partners                                     Chief Executive Officer &                      Face to face meetings                           Operational planning and 
                                                                  Country Managers                                 E-mail                                                    performance 
                                                                                                                                 Telephone                                              Billing and cash calling 
                                                                                                                                 Written communications                       Asset development planning 

   Suppliers                                               Chief Executive Officer &                      Telephone                                              Operations 
                                                                  Country Managers                                 Email                                                      Funding 
                                                                                                                                 Face to face meetings                            

   Financial institutions                          Chief Financial Officer                           Telephone                                              Funding 
                                                                                                                                 Email                                                       
                                                                                                                                 Face to face meetings                            

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Strategic Report  
SDX Energy Plc Directors’ S.172 Statement 2019 
continued 

Shareholders 
The key decision made by the Board of Directors of SDX Energy during 2019 was the re-domicile of the SDX Group from Canada to the United Kingdom 
(see note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail of the transaction). The determination to proceed with the re-domicile was reached 
as part of a corporate review that included identifying the most efficient and cost-effective procedures for managing the business, given the location of 
the Group’s operations in Egypt and Morocco and the location of its management and majority of its directors in London. 

The stakeholders affected by this decision were primarily the shareholders of SDX Energy Inc., a Canadian-domiciled entity who, under the proposed plan, 
would become shareholders of SDX Energy Plc, a UK-domiciled entity. In contemplating the transaction, the Board of Directors engaged and sought advice 
from the AIM NOMAD, external legal counsel, and third-party tax and accounting structuring advisors, each addressing issues arising in Canada and the UK. 

Having followed the above process, the Board of Directors of SDX Energy Inc. concluded that the re-domicile of SDX Energy Inc. in accordance with  
the terms of a plan of arrangement and the admission of SDX Energy Plc shares to trading on AIM was in the best interests of SDX Energy Inc. and its 
shareholders. Given the geographic spread of SDX Energy Inc.’s and its affiliates’ production, development and exploration licences, the Board believed 
that a UK domiciled company would be more appropriate operationally and from an investor standpoint for the reasons set out below: 
•     The Board viewed the costs and benefits of maintaining a dual listing on AIM and the TSX-Venture and retaining a corporate domicile under the 

Canada Business Corporations Act, given that, at the time of the transaction approximately 80% of the SDX Energy Inc.’s shares were not held by 
Canadians and approximately 77% of average daily trading volumes in the preceding year (2018) took place on AIM. SDX was incurring high costs 
associated with having a dual listing on AIM and on the TSXV and retaining a corporate domicile under the CBCA. On completion of the re-domicile 
and delisting from the TSXV, annual cost savings of between US$0.5 million and US$1 million were expected to be realized. 

•     The Board determined that the possibilities for optimising SDX Energy Inc.’s tax structure and reducing its regulatory compliance burden would  

be greater following the re-domicile. 

•     Since dual listing on AIM in 2016, SDX had successfully raised over US$61 million of new equity, the significant majority of which was sourced  

from non-Canadian shareholders. Given the market appetite in Canada at the time of the transaction for SDX’s business and operations, the Board  
was of the opinion that there would continue to be a lack of interest from Canadian institutions to support future equity raises and, therefore,  
it did not see any benefit in maintaining a listing on the TSXV.  

•     There would be no impact on any employees as none was employed by SDX Energy Inc..  
•     There would be no impact on the community or the environment as SDX’s Group approach to these stakeholders/considerations would not be  

altered through the re-domicile.  

•     The re-domicile of SDX Canada to the UK would further raise SDX UK’s profile and status amongst: 
      i.     UK and European investors who are unable to invest in non-UK domiciled public companies; and  
      ii.    the international oil and gas sector generally.  

      Both of these benefits were expected to provide SDX Energy Plc with incremental access to equity capital from an international market with 

considerable equity research expertise and coverage and, a broader, more relevant peer group.  

•     Registered SDX Energy Inc. shareholders had the ability to exercise dissent rights in respect of the Arrangement and to be paid the fair value  

of their SDX Energy Inc. shares. In the event, there were no dissenting shareholders. 

It was acknowledged that Canadian resident shareholders of SDX Energy Inc. could, depending on individual circumstances, be required to address 
personal tax issues arising from the re-domicile. However, the decision to undertake the re-domicile was considered, on balance, to promote the  
success of the company for the benefit of its members as a whole and the transaction was executed on 28 May 2019.  

32 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
Employees 
The Board regularly engages with its employees. Management holds frequent “town hall” meetings with staff in the UK, Egypt and Morocco and the 
Board of Directors seeks to hold at least one scheduled Board meeting annually in Cairo or Rabat, in addition to meetings in London. During these Board 
visits, time is set aside to meet with local employees to communicate key messages and receive feedback. 

Communities local to where we work 
The Board has overseen the Company’s environmental, social and governance initiatives during the year, which are discussed in more detail in the 2019 
ESG report on pages 34 to 35 of the Annual Report.  

Financial institutions (Lenders) 
As detailed in the 2019 Financial Review, the Board has maintained its relationship with EBRD throughout 2019. There is currently US$7.5 million  
of availability from the existing, undrawn facility and discussions are underway with the bank to extend the tenor and re-establish the US$10 million 
availability under the facility. The Board seeks to ensure that all times the Company is fully funded for all planned activities and regards EBRD  
as a highly valued partner for SDX Energy.  

Suppliers 
The Board fully supports collaboration with suppliers as it reduces risk in our supply chain and ensures we maintain high standards of business conduct 
which benefits our communities. We interact with suppliers during day to day field operations, major and smaller scale projects, tendering exercises and  
in planning future activity. In 2019, our suppliers successfully helped us to deliver the South Disouq project on time and on budget and to commence the 
Moroccan drilling campaign. Similarly, the Board aims to foster productive relationships with our asset partners. Throughout 2019 the Board has worked  
to achieve the goals established within each partnership, primarily set in Operating and Technical Committee meetings and updated as necessary through 
frequent communications.  

National and local governments and regulatory agencies 
The Board understands the importance of strong relationships with our host national and local governments. Respecting our agreements with the 
Egyptian and Moroccan states is at the heart of our licence to operate, and we engage in regular discussions with government representatives to ensure 
that expectations are understood and that the assets are managed effectively. We acknowledge that our responsibility includes adherence to local 
environmental and social regulations, which in 2019 included conducting environmental impact assessments ahead of drilling in Morocco and Egypt, 
produced water management in Morocco and land use rental and farmers compensation at the South Disouq development.  

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Strategic Report  
ESG Report 

SDX’s purpose is to supply energy in an environmentally conscious manner  
to the benefit of all its stakeholders. During 2019, our ESG strategy was 
renewed and expanded as part of our longer-term strategic planning process. 
As an oil and gas exploration and production company, we recognise our 
responsibilities to our investors, the environment, particularly in the countries 
in which we operate, local communities impacted by our business, our 
employees, host governments and all of our other business partners. 

During 2019, SDX established an ESG committee, led by our CEO, supported 
by other staff members and overseen by the Board. In early 2020 the ESG 
committee will seek Board approval for a formal update to our ESG policy,  
the purpose of which is to continue to embed our ESG values and principles 
across our business. Our goal is to ensure consideration of ESG using a top-
down approach, which will be reflected in procurement, hiring, financing and 
investment decision-making. 

Environmental 
SDX’s goal is to minimise its potential impact on the environment in  
a responsible and respectful manner in the countries in which we operate. 
We recognise the influence of greenhouse gases on the Earth’s climate and 
seek to minimise emissions from our own assets and assist in supporting 
the energy transition with our gas-weighted portfolio. 

Morocco 
In Morocco, SDX is supporting its customers in delivering CO2 emission 
reductions by replacing more polluting heavy fuels at their operations with 
our cleaner-burning natural gas. We supply natural gas to eight industrial 
users in the Kenitra area, who work across the ceramics, packaging, 
automotive and food sectors. Although each industrial process is different, 
all would require an alternative hydrocarbon fuel without a supply of 
natural gas, and SDX’s business model specifically targets users with high 
non-electric energy demands. Per EIA published CO2 emission factors,  
all such fuels would result in higher emissions than natural gas. 

Since acquiring the Moroccan business in 2017 by the end of 2019 SDX and 
its partner ONHYM had sold c.6.0 bcf of natural gas into the Kenitra market, 
reducing carbon emissions by c.143,000 tonnes of CO2e as shown below. 

Tonnes of CO2e reduced by end user vs fuel oil  

200 

150 

100 

50 

0

60 

55 

50 

45 

40

       2017A                        2018A                        2019A

CO2e emissions reduced vs fuel oil (tonnes of CO2e) 

Cum. CO2e emissions reduced (tonnes of CO2e) 

Note-emission reductions assume alternative fuel is heavy fuel oil  

34 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

As part of reducing the carbon intensity of our production sites, existing 
instrumentation at well sites has been converted to run on solar power.  
We see further opportunities to use solar-powered meters and control 
valves following the recent drilling campaign. In order to safeguard the 
local environment, in 2020 SDX intends to construct a new gathering 
station into which discoveries from the 2019/20 drilling campaign will 
flow, with produced water handling centralised at this location.  
This reduces the risk of produced water spills when being collected  
for disposal and the system will serve as the model for future production 
hubs. There were no reportable hydrocarbon or chemical spills above  
a 25 litre threshold in Morocco in 2019. 

Egypt 
The development of the South Disouq asset, which was brought into 
production in November, has been a major achievement for SDX in 2019. 
Throughout the design and fabrication of the South Disouq CPF, 
environmental impact mitigations were integral to the project. The CPF  
is powered by produced gas from the South Disouq and Ibn Yunus fields, 
meaning that it is not reliant on heavier hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel, 
or the Egyptian national electricity grid, which also has a more carbon 
intensive fuel mix. 

In addition, the CPF condensate export system is designed to minimise 
methane emissions and a vapour recovery unit is provided to ensure  
flaring is reduced as much as possible. At South Disouq there is zero 
routine flaring and we aim to make this a standard throughout our 
operated portfolio. There were no reportable hydrocarbon or chemical  
spills above a 25 litre threshold at South Disouq in 2019. 

Social 
SDX seeks to ensure the safety and wellness of our employees and 
contractors, and to contribute to the economic and social development  
of the countries that we work in. 

Safety and Wellness 
The safety and wellness of our employees and contractors, compliance 
with legal and local safety requirements, and aiming for industry best 
practice are key priorities for SDX. As outlined in the Strategic Report,  
this is embedded in the core values of how we operate and do business. 
SDX continually assesses and aims to improve measures in place to raise 
awareness of potential dangers related to our operations locally.  
We currently have a robust set of procedures in place to communicate  
any high potential incidents across our operations and remediation plans  
to address these. In 2019, there were no lost time injuries recorded across 
our operations and we maintain a continuous focus on providing a safe 
working environment for our employees and contractors. Our goal is to 
continue our impeccable record with regard to lost time injuries and keep 
the safety and wellness of our employees at the heart of our business. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E 

Climate impact,  
Waste reduction

S 

G 

Safety and Wellness,  
Local workforce and community

Good governance,  
Promoting diversity and equality

SDX team in Egypt visiting staff and pupils of the Kafr El Gezira-Zifta Primary School

Local workforce and community engagement 
SDX contributes to the economic and social development of our countries 
of operation by creating meaningful partnerships to ensure alignment of 
local priorities and business cultures with our operations. As a result, we 
have a strong focus on employing and nurturing local talent-of our 51 
permanent salaried roles across Egypt and Morocco, 50 (98%) are filled  
by national citizens, a fact that we are very proud of. We also prioritise  
the recruitment of local resources at our operating sites, and prefer  
to use domestic suppliers and contractors where possible. 

SDX proactively engages with local communities impacted by our 
operations, as we recognise the importance of being of benefit to  
our local communities. 

•

Kafr El Gezira-Zifta Primary School 
• As part of the development of the South Disouq gas project, our Egypt 
team met with community leaders in the Nile Delta to understand local 
needs and how SDX could contribute to resolving issues. 
It was brought to our attention that the primary school in the small 
town of Kafr El Gezira-Zifta (close to the site of the original SD-1X 
discovery well) was in danger of being closed due to the disrepair of  
its facilities. 
The restoration project was discussed by the SDX team in Cairo and 
our Board and it was agreed that it was an initiative that SDX wished 
to support through a cash donation of EGP1,000,000.  
The work was completed during 2019 and pupils were able  
to continue to attend school.  

•

•

• Our team on the ground continues to screen opportunities to assist 

the local community, with medical facilities and education.  

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Governance  
SDX recognises the importance of best practice corporate governance 
structure and conducting our business ethically and legally. Our Anti-
Bribery and Corruption policy has zero tolerance for bribery, corruption  
and other financial crime, and training in this area is provided on annual 
basis to all employees in the Company. We have procedures throughout 
our organisation to act as safeguards against anti-corruption and anti-
competitive practices, including annual training for all employees. 
Following our re-domicile to the UK, we have adopted the Quoted 
Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (the “Code”),  
and include discussion on our compliance with the Code on pages  
45 to 52 of the Annual Report. 

We also believe in the importance of promoting diversity and equality, 
which are essential to create a rich mix of skills and abilities across the 
business. As discussed above, we are proud of the composition of our  
team and were pleased to welcome Catherine Stalker to the Board as a 
Non-Executive Director in February 2020. Across the business, 15% of  
our employees are female, including the Senior Geologist and Group 
Financial Reporting Manager in London, the Head of Exploration and 
Business Development in Cairo and the Head of Legal and HR in Rabat. 

ESG reporting 
SDX is taking steps to accurately measure and internally report certain key 
EGS metrics. A number of recognised external reporting frameworks are 
under consideration and SDX is committed to providing stakeholders with 
details of our ESG performance on an annual basis. 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 35

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance

Our Focus 
North Africa 

36 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

Corporate Governance 

Board of Directors                                                                                                        38  
Chairman’s Introduction to Corporate Governance                                                     40  
Statement of Corporate Governance                                                                           41  
Directors’ Report                                                                                                          43  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures                                                                             45 
Remuneration Committee Report                                                                               53  
Audit Committee Report                                                                                             57  
Reserves Committee Report                                                                                        58  
Statement of Directors’Responsibilities                                                                       59

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 37

 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Board of Directors 

Executive Directors

Non-Executive Directors

Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer and Director 

Nicholas Box 
Chief Financial Officer and Director 

Michael Doyle 
Non-Executive Chairman 

David Mitchell 
Non-Executive Director 

Mr Reid has over 20 years’ 
experience in numerous sectors 
including the Financial Services, 
Investment Banking and Oil and 
Gas industries. He has had 
significant exposure to M&A 
transactions and the equity and 
debt capital markets. Most 
recently, between 2009 and 2015 
he was Finance Director at AIM 
listed Aurelian Oil and Gas PLC and 
Chariot Oil and Gas Limited. Prior 
to this, he spent 7 years as an 
Emerging Markets E&P banker and 
was Head of Oil and Gas in the 
London office of BNP Paribas 
Fortis. He has also spent 7 years 
with Ernst & Young Corporate 
Finance advising on M&A, IPO and 
other fundraising transactions. 

Mr Reid has an MBA (Distinction) 
from Strathclyde University,  
is a Member of the Institute of 
Chartered Accountants of 
Scotland, a Fellow of the Chartered 
Association of Certified 
Accountants and a Member of the 
Chartered Institute for Securities 
and Investment.  

Mr Box leads SDX’s finance team 
and is a qualified Chartered 
Accountant as a member of the 
Institute of Chartered Accountants 
in England and Wales. Prior to 
joining SDX Energy Plc as Group 
Financial Controller in 2016, he 
worked for PwC in the UK, 
Australia and Mongolia, primarily 
in the natural resources sector,  
and has over 13 years’ professional 
experience in accounting, capital 
markets transactions, post-merger 
integrations and internal controls. 

Mr Box was appointed Chief 
Financial Officer and Director  
of SDX Energy Plc in November 
2019. 

Mr Doyle is a Professional 
Geophysicist and a Certified 
Corporate Director with more than 
35 years industry experience.  
Mr Doyle is a principal of privately 
held CanPetro International Ltd 
and its affiliates. He has been a 
director of Equal Energy Ltd  
since 1997. 

Mr Doyle was previously a principal 
and Chief Executive Officer of 
Petrel Robertson Ltd where he was 
responsible for providing advice 
and project management to clients 
throughout the world. Prior to 
that, he held a variety of 
exploration positions at Dome 
Petroleum and Amoco Canada.  
Mr Doyle holds a Bachelor of 
Science (Maths and Physics)  
from University of Victoria. 

Mr Doyle was a founding  
director and Chairman of Madison 
PetroGas from its inception  
in 2003.

Mr Mitchell is a successful oil and 
gas executive with more than 35 
years proven track record in the 
international arena, including with 
BP and Nexen. 

During this time, Mr Mitchell 
discovered and built projects with 
his teams in the Middle East,  
West Africa, Latin America and the 
North Sea. He has lived and 
worked in a number of countries 
including a year with BP Egypt.  
Mr Mitchell received his BSc 
Honours, Geology from the 
University of London and his  
MPhil Mining Engineering from 
the University of Nottingham, UK. 

Mr Mitchell was appointed CEO  
of Madison PetroGas on joining in 
2008, building the company prior 
to the merger with Sea Dragon 
Energy. 

38 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Timothy Linacre 
Non-Executive Director 

Amr Al Menhali 
Non-Executive Director 

Catherine Stalker 
Non-Executive Director 

Mr Linacre is a Fellow of the 
Institute of Chartered Accountants 
in England and Wales and an 
experienced City practitioner.  
After qualifying with Deloitte 
Haskins and Sells he spent 5 years 
with Hoare Govett before moving 
to Panmure Gordon in 1992, 
working at that firm for 20 years 
including 8 years as CEO. Tim is 
currently Senior Managing Partner 
at Instinctif Partners, a leading 
Business Communications firm. 

During his career in the City Tim 
has advised a range of businesses 
in a variety of sectors, including oil 
and gas, from FTSE 100 companies 
to fast growing listed and private 
companies. 

Amr Al Menhali joined Waha 
Capital, SDX Energy’s largest 
shareholder, as Chief Executive 
Officer in September 2019. 

Mr Al Menhali has a track record  
of over 20 years in the financial 
services industry in a variety of 
leadership positions, including his 
prior role as the CEO of one of the 
leading banks in the UAE. 

During his career, he has 
developed strong leadership 
 skills and expertise in strategy, 
finance, risk, credit and corporate 
governance. In his previous roles, 
he has led several strategic 
transformation projects, building 
high performance businesses to 
achieve sustainable growth. 

Mr Al Menhali currently sits  
on the Boards of several local and 
international companies in diverse 
sectors. He holds a Bachelor’s 
Degree, with Honours, in Business 
Administration, and also completed 
the General Management Program 
at Harvard Business School  
in Boston. 

Ms. Stalker is an experienced  
Non-Executive Director and 
consultant to the Boards of FTSE 
companies, public sector bodies, 
regulators, pension funds and not-
for-profits. She started her career 
at the Bank of England in 1991. 
From 1995-2007, she worked at 
PwC in Moscow and Berlin, 
heading the HR consulting 
practice. She is currently a partner 
at Independent Audit Limited,  
a leading Board evaluation firm 
with offices in London, Brussels 
and Dublin. She sits on the Boards 
of two subsidiaries of DTEK, a 
Dutch energy company with 
vertically integrated assets in 
Ukraine. She is also a Non-
Executive Director on the Board of 
the Ukrainian retail bank, PUMB. 

Ms. Stalker holds an MSc from the 
London School of Economics in 
International Political Economy 
and a BA (Honours) from Heriot 
Watt University in Russian and 
French. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Chairman’s Introduction to  
Corporate Governance

As Chairman of the Company, I am committed to ensuring that an  
effective and focused Board leads the business and continues its track 
record of delivery. Strong corporate governance helps underpin the 
foundations of a solid and successful business. 

The Board seeks to embed good corporate governance throughout the 
business, from executive level to operations in country. In 2020, following 
our re-domicile from Canada to the United Kingdom last year, we have 
decided to adopt the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance 
Code 2018 (the “Code”), transitioning from its Canadian equivalent. My 
fellow directors and I believe that, in becoming a UK PLC, the Code is now 
the most appropriate recognised framework for the Company, and this is 
discussed in more detail in our annual Code disclosures on pages 45 to 52. 

As we reflect on the successes of 2019, I look forward to continuing to 
build upon the existing values that we have in place and to ensuring that 
sound corporate governance supports our growth, for the benefit of all 
stakeholders. 

I look forward to continuing to 
build upon the existing values 
that we have in place and to 
ensuring that sound corporate 
governance supports our growth.

Michael Doyle 
Non-Executive Chairman 
7 April 2020

40 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Statement of Corporate Governance  

Board composition  
The composition of the Board changed during 2019. Paul Welch resigned 
as Chief Executive Officer in May 2019, with Mark Reid appointed as 
interim Chief Executive Officer at that time and then permanently from 
November 2019. Michael Raynes, who served as Non-Executive Director 
nominee of Waha Capital, the Company’s largest shareholder, resigned 
from the Board in June 2019 having left his role as Chief Executive Officer 
of Waha Capital. Amr Al Menhali, the current Chief Executive Officer of 
Waha Capital, was appointed to the Board as a Non-Executive Director  
in November 2019. Nick Box was appointed Chief Financial Officer in 
November 2019, succeeding Mark Reid upon his permanent appointment 
as CEO. Catherine Stalker was appointed to the Board in February 2020. 
The Company believes that the above changes have strengthened the 
Board and bring the governance structure of the Board in line with the 
requirements of the QCA Code and general good governance. 

As at 31 December 2019, the Board of the Company consisted of the  
Non-Executive Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial 
Officer, and three Non-Executive Directors. As discussed above, an 
additional Non-Executive Director was appointed in February 2020. All the 
Non-Executive Directors are independent in character and judgement and 
have the range of experience and calibre to bring independent judgement 
on issues of strategy, performance, resources and standards of conduct 
which is vital to the success of the Group. 

The Board believes that there is an adequate balance between the Non-
Executive and Executive directors, both in number and in experience and 
expertise, to ensure that the Board operates independently of executive 
management. There is no formal Board performance appraisal system 
currently in place, but this will be implemented in 2020, as discussed below. 

Corporate governance framework  
The Board of Directors recognises that good corporate governance is of 
fundamental importance to the success of the Company, and believes that 
the QCA Code provides the company with the right framework to sustain  
a strong level of governance. The annual QCA Code disclosures are 
contained on pages 45 to 52 of the annual report. 

The Board holds scheduled meetings each year. Additional meetings are 
held where necessary to consider matters of importance which cannot be 
held over until the next scheduled meeting. At these meetings financial, 
operational and other reports are considered and, where appropriate, voted 
on. The Board is responsible for the Group’s strategy, performance, key 
financial and compliance issues, approval of all annual budgets and the 
framework of internal controls. The matters reserved for the Board include, 
amongst others, approval of the Group’s strategy and annual objectives, 
monitoring of compliance with significant policies and procedures 
including health & safety, oversight of communications and public 
disclosure, approval of the Group’s annual report and accounts, succession 
planning, and ensuring maintenance of sound systems of internal control. 

The Board delegates certain of its responsibilities to the Board committees, 
detailed below, which have clearly defined terms of reference. 

There is a clearly defined organisational structure with lines of 
responsibility and delegation of authority to executive management.  
The Board is responsible for monitoring the activities of the executive 
management. The Chairman has the responsibility of ensuring that the 
Board discharges its responsibilities. In the event of an equality of votes  
at a meeting of the Board, the Chairman has a second or casting vote. 

The Company is committed to a corporate culture that is based on sound 
ethical values and behaviours and it seeks to instil these values across the 
organisation as a whole. The Company promotes its commitment through 
its public statements on its website, in its report and accounts and internally 
through its communications to its employees and other stakeholders. 

The Company has a zero-tolerance approach to bribery and corruption and 
has adopted an anti-bribery policy to protect the Group, its employees and 
those third parties with which the Company engages. Annual training 
sessions are held with all employees to ensure compliance with the anti-
bribery policy. 

The Company has adopted a whistleblowing policy which enables 
employees to raise any concerns that they may have in confidence with the 
Chairman, CEO or the Chair of the Audit Committee. 

Board Committees and Structure  
The Board has established an Audit Committee, a Reserves Committee, 
and a Remuneration Committee. Nominations and Health, Safety and 
Environmental matters are within the remit of the full Board.  
All Committees report back to the Board following a Committee meeting. 

Audit Committee  
The Audit Committee meets regularly and consists of three members,  
all of whom are Non-Executive Directors. 

The Committee’s purpose is to assist the Board’s oversight of the integrity 
of the financial statements and other financial reporting, the application  
of significant accounting policies, the effectiveness of financial and internal 
controls and the independence and performance of the auditors, including 
the provision of non-audit services. The Audit Committee may hold private 
sessions with management and with the external auditor without 
management present. 

The Audit Committee met four times in 2019 and proposes to meet at least 
four times during the next financial year. The Committee is chaired by Tim 
Linacre and the other members are Michael Doyle and Amr Al Menhali. 

Reserves Committee  
The Reserves Committee meets at least annually and consists  
of two members, both of whom are Non-Executive Directors. 

The Committee’s purpose is to review the reports of the independent 
reserves auditors pursuant to Canadian regulations which require that the 
Board discuss the reserves reports with the independent reserves auditors 
or delegate authority to a reserves committee comprised of at least two 
Non-Executive Directors. The Committee is chaired by David Mitchell and 
its other member is Michael Doyle. The Committee met once in 2019 and 
typically meets once a year prior to publication of the annual results. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Statement of Corporate Governance 
continued

Board Evaluation  
The Board considers that its effectiveness and the individual performance 
of its directors is vital to the success of the Company. 

The Board believes that it functions effectively and the need for formal 
Board evaluation has not been considered necessary to date. However,  
it is recognised that with the need to meet the requirements of the QCA 
Code a formal process will be necessary. Given her expertise and 
background in Board evaluations, this process will be led by Catherine 
Stalker. The Company will introduce a structure to set clear targets and 
objectives for improving and monitoring performance of the Board and  
will introduce a formal evaluation for all Board members to monitor their 
individual contribution and commitment. 

The evaluation process will set out criteria against which Board,  
Committee and individual effectiveness is measured. 

The directors have a wide knowledge of the Company’s business and 
understand their duties as directors of a company quoted on AIM.  
The directors have access to the Company’s Nominated Adviser, auditors 
and legal counsel as and when required. These advisors are available to 
provide formal support and advice to the Board from time to time and  
do so in accordance with good practice. The directors are also able, at the 
Company’s expense, to obtain advice from external advisers if required. 

The Board is mindful of the need for succession planning and the Board 
was pleased to announce the appointments of Catherine Stalker in 
February 2020. The Board will continue to meet and monitor the 
requirements for succession planning and Board appointments to ensure 
that the Board is fit for purpose. If external training or assistance with 
recruitment is required by the Board, this will be made available. 

Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer and Director 
7 April 2020 

Remuneration Committee  
The Remuneration Committee meets regularly to consider all material 
elements of remuneration policy, share schemes, the remuneration and 
incentivisation of Executive Directors and senior management. The role  
of the Committee is to keep under review the remuneration policies to 
ensure that SDX attracts, retains and motivates the most qualified talent 
who will contribute to the long-term success of the Company.  
The Committee met once in 2019 and proposes to meet at least  
twice during the next financial year. 

The Committee is composed of three Non-Executive Directors,  
two of whom are independent. Until his resignation in June 2019,  
the Committee was chaired by Michael Raynes. Michael Doyle then 
chaired the Committee until Catherine Stalker was appointed as  
Chairman in February 2020. During this period, and to date,  
the other member of the Committee was Tim Linacre. 

Directors’ attendance at meetings  
The Board generally has one scheduled Board meeting every quarter  
over the course of the financial year with informal discussions scheduled  
as required. Additional meetings are held depending upon opportunities  
or issues to be dealt with by the Company from time to time. The Non-
Executive Directors hold informal meetings during the course of the year  
at which members of management are not in attendance. The Directors’ 
attendance at scheduled Board meetings and Board committees during 
2019 is detailed in the table below: 

Director(1)                    Board                          Audit        Remuneration(2)                    Reserves 
Michael Doyle            4*                        4                          1                          1 
Mark Reid                  4                          4+                        1+                        1+ 
Nick Box(3)                  1                          1+                         -                          - 
Paul Welch(4)              2                          2+                        1+                        1+ 
Tim Linacre                4                          4*                        1                          - 
David Mitchell           4                          4                          -                          1* 
Michael Raynes(5)      2                          2                          1*                        - 
Amr Al Menhali(6)       1                          -                          -                          - 
Total meetings           4                          4                          1                          1 

* Chairman 

+ Invitee 

Notes:                                                                                                                                                                             

(1) The Non-Executive Chairman, CEO (Paul Welch succeeded by Mark Reid), CFO (Mark Reid succeeded by 

Nick Box), and Non-Executive Directors attended a number of meetings of Committees of which they were 

not members during the course of the year at the invitation of the Committee chairman. 

(2) Following Michael Raynes’ resignation as a Director, Michael Doyle acted as Chairman of the remuneration 

committee until Catherine Stalker’s appointment in February 2020. No meetings of the remuneration 

committee took place between Mr. Raynes’ resignation and Ms. Stalker’s appointment. 

(3) Nick Box was appointed CFO and Director on 12 November 2019. 

(4) Paul Welch resigned as CEO and Director on 31 May 2019. 

(5) Michael Raynes resigned as a Director on 25 June 2019. 

(6) Amr Al Menhali was appointed as a Director on 20 November 2019. 

42 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Directors’ Report 

The Directors of the Company present their report and the Consolidated and Company Financial Statements of SDX Energy plc (“SDX” or the “Company”) 
for the year ended 31 December 2019. 

Principal activities 
The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings (the “Group”) is the exploration for and production of oil and gas.  
Its current activities are located in Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Morocco. 

Business review and future developments 
A review of the business and the future developments of the Group is presented in the Strategic Report (including the Chief Executive Officer’s Report, 
Review of Operations and Financial Review) and Chairman’s Statement (all of which, together with the Corporate Governance Statement, are incorporated 
by reference into this Directors’ Report). 

Results and dividends 
The consolidated loss for the year was US$18,186k (2018: profit of US$112k). The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend for 2019 
(2018: US$nil). 

Financial instruments 
The Group’s financial risk management objectives and policies are discussed in note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Events since the balance sheet date  
Events since the balance sheet date are disclosed in note 26 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Directors and their interests 
The Company was incorporated on 20 March 2019. As described in note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements on 28 May 2019,  
the Company obtained control of the entire issued share capital of SDX Energy Inc. via a share-for-share exchange. 

                           (appointed 20 March 2019) 
                           (appointed 20 March 2019, resigned 31 May 2019) 

The following Directors have held office in the Company since 20 March 2019:  
Mark Reid 
Paul Welch 
Michael Doyle                          (appointed 28 May 2019) 
Timothy Linacre                       (appointed 28 May 2019) 
David Mitchell                         (appointed 28 May 2019) 
Michael Raynes                       (appointed 28 May 2019, resigned 25 June 2019) 
Nicholas Box                            (appointed 12 November 2019) 
Amr Al Menhali                        (appointed 20 November 2019) 
Catherine Stalker                     (appointed 6 February 2020) 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Directors’ Report 
continued

The Directors who held office at the end of the financial year had the following interests in the ordinary shares of the Company according to the register  
of Directors’ interests: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Interest 
                                                                                                                                                                                            Interest at                at date of  
Director                                                                                                                                                        Class of share             end of year          appointment 
Michael Doyle                                                                                                                                                             Ordinary           2,169,669           2,169,669  
Mark Reid                                                                                                                                                                    Ordinary              461,203              366,970  
Nick Box                                                                                                                                                                      Ordinary                20,030                20,030  
Tim Linacre                                                                                                                                                                 Ordinary              160,000                50,000  
David Mitchell                                                                                                                                                             Ordinary           1,809,450           1,671,950  
Amr Al Menhali(1)                                                                                                                                                        Ordinary         39,876,803         39,876,803  

(1) Amr Al Menhali is the Chief Executive Officer of Waha Capital PJSC. Waha Capital PJSC, through its wholly-owned subsidiary SDX SPV Ltd, owns 39,876,803 ordinary shares in the Company although Mr. Al Menhali owned no 

ordinary shares in the Company in a personal capacity at the end of the year or at the date of his appointment.                                                                                                                                                                                             

None of the Directors who held office at the end of the financial year had any disclosable interest in the shares of other Group companies. 

No rights to subscribe for shares in or debentures of Group companies were granted to any of the Directors or their immediate families, or exercised  
by them, during the financial year. Rights to subscribe for shares held by Directors are disclosed in note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements  
and in the 2019 Remuneration Report on pages 53 to 56 of the Annual Report. 

Auditor 
A resolution to reappoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as auditor will be put to the members at the annual general meeting. 

Disclosure of information to auditors 
The directors who were members of the Board at the time of approving the Directors’ Report are listed above. So far as each person who was a director  
at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information, being information needed by the auditor in connection with preparing 
its report, of which the auditor is unaware. Having made enquiries of fellow directors and the Group’s auditor, each director has taken all the steps that  
he or she is obliged to take as a director in order to made him or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware 
of that information. 

On behalf of the Board  

Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer and Director 
7 April 2020 

44 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures 

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promote long-term value for shareholders 

Explain the Company’s business model and strategy, including key challenges in their execution (and how those will be addressed) 
SDX’s strategy is to leverage existing our organisational capabilities and competitive positions/relationships, supported by strong ESG values, to access 
organic and inorganic, low-cost, high-margin opportunities which generate stable cash flows and self-funded upside. As the Company operates in the 
upstream oil and gas sector it is exposed to political, operational, commercial, product pricing and hazard risk. 

Further discussion of the Company’s business model, strategy and key challenges is contained within the Strategic Report on pages 4 to 35. 

Principle 2: Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations 

Explain the ways in which the Company seeks to engage with shareholders. This should include information on those responsible for 
shareholder liaison or specification of the point of contact for such matters  
The Company engages with its shareholders through regulatory news flow, providing statutory financial results on a half yearly basis, operational  
and financial updates to maintain information on overall performance, releases relating to matters of material importance to the Company’s business, 
releases of a regulatory nature and scheduled events such as capital markets days. The Company maintains an informative and regularly updated 
website at www.sdxenergy.com through which shareholders can obtain copies of the Company’s annual reports, interim reports and other regulatory 
documents and regulatory news service releases. The website includes copies of all presentations made from time to time to analysts, shareholders and 
the general market and includes a facility under which shareholders may submit questions or make comments relating to the Company’s business.  
The Company also includes contact details on all regulatory announcements. Whenever possible the Company endeavours to respond to enquiries. 

The Company’s Annual General Meeting is a regular opportunity for shareholders to meet with the Company and receive a corporate presentation. 
There is also an opportunity for shareholders to ask questions after the presentation, during the formal business of the meeting and informally 
following the meeting. The Chairman and the CEO are together responsible for shareholder liaison and act as a listening Board for shareholders.  
In all communications with shareholders and the general market the Company maintains strict compliance with the requirements of the AIM Rules  
and Market Abuse Regulations. 

The Company also retains advisors, including public/investor relations and brokers, who maintain a regular dialogue with current and prospective 
shareholders and inform management of relevant feedback and market perceptions of the Company. 

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Corporate Governance  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures 
continued

Principle 3: Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for long-term success 

Explain how the business model identifies the key resources and relationships on which the business relies  
The Company’s business model and strategy are described in Principle 1. 

The Company is aware of its stakeholder and social responsibilities and the need to maintain effective working relationships across a range of 
stakeholder groups. These include the Company’s host governments, employees, joint venture and industry partners, suppliers, customers and 
regulatory authorities across the Company’s activities. These activities have the potential to impact on local communities where our assets are  
located and the environment more generally. Accordingly, the Company has in place positive strategies to engage with each stakeholder group, 
whether individually or collectively, as part of its ongoing operations, including a comprehensive Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) 
strategy, which is outlined on pages 34 to 35 of this Annual Report. 

The Company’s operations and working methodologies take account of the need to balance the needs of all of these stakeholder groups whilst 
maintaining a primary focus on the promotion of the success of the Company for the benefit of shareholders as a whole. A broad range of 
stakeholders, including our supply chain partners, our employees and taxing authorities benefit when the Group is successful.  

Explain how the Company obtains feedback from stakeholders and the actions that have been generated as a result  
of this feedback (e.g. changes to inputs or improvements in products) 
The Company values the feedback received from its stakeholders and takes every opportunity to ensure that where possible the wishes of stakeholders 
are considered. The operations of the Company need to be carefully managed and conducted in order to reduce environmental impact, enhance rather 
than impair communities, and to protect Company employees and others who operate at the Company’s assets. 

As outlined in Principle 2, the Company maintains a regular dialogue with its shareholders through various channels. 

The Company meets with its asset partners frequently, including at scheduled Technical and Operating Committee Meetings. In-country personnel  
lead the day-to-day management of the relationships with host governments, represented by ONHYM in Morocco and EGPC, EGAS and GPC in Egypt. 
Plans and budgets presented to partners and host governments are updated for feedback received and for example may impact field development 
plans, production optimisation, JV organisation charts, etc.. 

The Company conducts regular employee engagement sessions, run by the executive team, where employees are able to voice their opinions  
and make suggestions.  

During the development of the South Disouq project, following the solicitation of feedback from the local community as to how SDX could contribute 
to their needs, the Company funded the refurbishment of a local primary school. See further detail in the 2019 ESG report on page 34 to 35. 

46 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principle 4: Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation 

Describe how the Board has embedded effective risk management in order to execute and deliver strategy. This should include  
a description of what the Board does to identify, assess and manage risk and how it gets assurance that the risk management  
and related control systems in place are effective  
The Company encourages a culture of risk awareness and management at all levels throughout the Company. Strategic risks are regularly reviewed by 
the Board and, at the Executive Committee level each member of the team is responsible for continuously monitoring and managing risk within the 
relevant business areas. Corporate, country and project risk registers are maintained and monitored at the appropriate levels within the organisation. 
The Company employs outside advisors to assess and advise on risk when it is felt additional third-party expertise is required. The Board, through  
its collective experience, has a strong awareness of potential risks, and with frequent reviews of the business and operations keeps this current,  
and identifies new risks arising. The Audit Committee oversees the Company’s system of internal control and obtains assurance over its effectiveness 
both via the external audit and review processes and internal management reporting. 

The Company maintains appropriate insurance cover in respect of its activities. The insured values and type of cover are comprehensively reviewed  
on an at least annual basis. 

The Company’s approach to the management and identification of risk is set out in the Principal Risks and Uncertainties section of the Financial 
Review contained in the 2019 annual report on page 30.  

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair 

Identify those directors who are considered to be independent; where there are grounds to question the independence  
of a director, through length of service or otherwise, this must be explained  
The Board currently has a Non-Executive Chairman, a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), a Chief Financial Officer and four Non-Executive Directors.  
The biography of each director is set out in the Annual Report on pages 38 to 39. 

All Non-Executive Directors have extensive and complementary skills, knowledge and experience covering all facets of the business which requires 
both entrepreneurial and custodian oversight and all are considered independent in terms of character and judgement. The Board is aware of the need 
to maintain and build upon this balance of backgrounds and to maintain a diversity of talent through succession planning as the Company further 
develops and the needs of the business grows. 

Michael Doyle and David Mitchell both hold shares and options in the Company in excess of 1% of the Company’s issued share capital.  
Amr Al Menhali is the CEO of the Company’s largest shareholder, Waha Capital PSJC. Per the UK Corporate Governance Code, these directors  
would not be considered independent, however the Board believes that each provides independent judgement and challenge. 

The Board considers Tim Linacre to be an Independent Director. The Company is delighted that Mr. Linacre has decided to invest personal funds  
into ordinary shares in the Company. The Company believes that this investment demonstrates an alignment of interests between Mr. Linacre as a 
Non-Executive Director and the Company. However, the size of this holding represents less than 1% per cent of the Company’s issued share capital 
and therefore the Company does not consider the size of the holding to compromise independence. 

The Board considers Catherine Stalker to be an Independent Director. Alongside Mr. Linacre, the Company meets the QCA guidelines of having  
two Independent Non-Executive Directors. 

Describe the time commitment required from directors (including Non-Executive Directors as well as part-time executive directors) 
The executive Directors are expected to devote substantially the whole of their time to their duties with the Company. The Non-Executive Directors 
have a lesser time commitment. It is anticipated that Non-Executive Directors will each dedicate 12 days a year to their duties as Board members. 

Include the number of meetings of the Board (and any committees) during the year, together with the attendance record of each director 
Full details of the number of Board and Committee meetings held and the attendance record of each of the Directors is provided in the 2019 annual 
report on page 42. 

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Corporate Governance  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures 
continued

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities 

Identify each director  
Information on each of the Directors is provided in the 2019 annual report on pages 38 to 39. 

Describe the relevant experience, skills and personal qualities and capabilities that each director brings to the Board (a simple list  
of current and past roles is insufficient); the statement should demonstrate how the Board as a whole contains (or will contain) the 
necessary mix of experience, skills, personal qualities (including gender balance) and capabilities to deliver the strategy of the  
company for the benefit of the shareholders over the medium to long-term 
The Board of Directors possesses a wide range of experience and skills. To meet the requirements of an independent upstream oil and gas exploration, 
development and production company these experience and skills must cover financial, legal, operational and technical knowledge of risk 
management and growth in the independent sector and of public markets. Each of the directors on the Board, both executive and Non-Executive, 
have considerable experience and all have demonstrated skills which are complementary and sufficient to cover all of the requirements of the Board. 
The composition of the Board is kept under review to ensure that it has the necessary breadth and depth of skills to support the ongoing 
development of the Group and is actively engaged in developing key members of the management team. These include full consideration to maintain 
a healthy diversity where this is possible, including gender diversity. For background history of each of the directors refer to pages 38 to 39 of the 
2019 annual report. 

Explain how each director keeps his/her skillset up-to-date  
The Board as a whole has significant experience both within the industry and in public and financial markets. The Board receives support and advice 
from its Nomad on AIM requirements as and when required, as well as briefings from other advisors (including legal counsel and the independent 
auditors) on developments relevant to their roles. In addition, each director is encouraged to discuss any matter of interest with the Company’s 
professional advisors on as-required basis. 

Where the Board or any committee has sought external advice on a significant matter, this must be described and explained  
During 2019 advice was received from the Company’s professional advisors and Nomad in relation to the documentation and procedures necessary  
to effect the re-domicile transaction from Canada to the United Kingdom. The Reserves Committee engages independent reserves auditors to provide 
an independent competent persons report on the Company’s end of year reserves.  

Where external advisers to the Board or any of its committees have been engaged, explain their role  
Details of the Company’s advisors can be found on the website: 
www.sdxenergy.com/investors/advisors/ 

In 2020, the Remuneration Committee retained the services of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) to provide information on market and  
corporate governance practice in relation to executive remuneration and the use of share plans. PwC is the Company’s external auditor.  
The Committee is satisfied that the advice received was independent and objective as it was factual and not judgemental. The fees charged  
for this service were £12,000. 

Describe any internal advisory responsibilities, such as the roles performed by the company secretary and the senior independent director, 
in advising and supporting the Board  
The directors have access to the Company’s Nomad, outsourced company secretary, lawyers and auditors and are able to obtain advice from other 
external bodies as and when required. The Executive Directors keep the Board up to date on areas of new governance and liaise with the Company’s 
lawyers and Nomad on areas of AIM requirements. 

The Board does not consider it necessary to appoint a Senior Independent Director currently. The Chairman discusses matters arising with fellow  
Non-Executive Directors and the group is available to hold discussions with shareholders, when necessary. 

48 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 

Include a high-level explanation of the Board performance effectiveness process  
During 2019 the composition of the Board underwent a number of changes, including the appointment of a new CEO (Mark Reid, replacing  
Paul Welch), new CFO (Nick Box, replacing Mark Reid), and the appointment of new major shareholder representative (Amr Al Menhali,  
replacing Michael Raynes). 

During 2020, the Company intends to carry out a structured review and evaluation of the performance of the directors as a unit in order to maximise 
the effective and productive operations of the Board. The Board has not yet determined the extent to which the evaluation will bring in external 
contributions. However, the Board expects to repeat a form of evaluation exercises in each year and anticipates an element of external facilitation 
within the first two years. 

The following areas will be covered by the review:  
·      Assess how well the Board is addressing the key business risks and adhering to internal controls; 
·      Assess the progress made in realising the assets and returning the net proceeds to shareholders;  
·      Understanding of the viewpoint of the Company’s shareholders;  
·      Reduction of ongoing operating costs where possible;  
·      Compliance with current and prospective legislation and regulations;  
·      Sufficient succession planning;  
·      Performance of roles of committees;  
·      Directors’ self-assessment of awareness of current issues faced by the Company;  
·      Personal development requirements and ensuring they are satisfied;  
·      Level and quality of information provided by service providers; and  
·      Additional relevant areas. 

All Board members will be asked to complete questionnaires providing a rating across a variety of criteria. Completed questionnaires will then  
be submitted to the Company Secretary who, where necessary, will seek clarification on any responses given. The responses will be collated  
and consolidated so that the Board can have an open follow-up discussion, potentially involving third parties. Conclusions reached will result  
in an agreed set of actions, with timescales. 

Where a Board performance evaluation has taken place in the year, provide a brief overview of it, how it was conducted  
and its results and recommendations. Progress against previous recommendations should also be addressed  
As explained above, no Board evaluation process took place during 2019. 

Include a more detailed description of the Board performance evaluation process/cycle adopted by the Company.  
This should include a summary of:  
·      The criteria against which Board, committee and individual effectiveness is considered; 
·      How evaluation procedures have evolved from previous years, the results of the evaluation process and action taken or planned as a result; and  
·      How often Board evaluations take place 

As explained above, no Board evaluation process took place during 2019. 

Explain how the Company approaches succession planning and the processes by which it determines Board and other  
senior management appointments, including any links to the Board evaluation process  
Succession planning is undertaken by the Board.  

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Corporate Governance  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures 
continued

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

Include in the Chair’s corporate governance statement how the culture is consistent with the company’s objectives, strategy and business 
model in the strategic report and with the description of principal risks and uncertainties. The statement should explain what the Board 
does to monitor and promote a healthy corporate culture and how the Board assesses the state of the culture at present  
The corporate culture of the Company is established from the Board of directors, led by the Chairman, and communicated to the Company through 
the Chief Executive Officer through scheduled internal meetings with the Executive Committee, who in turn disseminate it throughout the 
organisation. The corporate culture, which places strong emphasis on conducting business ethically, transparently and with clear lines of responsibility, 
underpins the delivery our strategy of leveraging existing our organisational capabilities and competitive positions/relationships, supported by strong 
ESG values, to access organic and inorganic, low-cost, high-margin opportunities which generate stable cash flows and self-funded upside. 

The Board receives feedback from the Executive Committee, whose meetings cover corporate culture and staff matters arising. The Board also aims to 
hold at least one scheduled meeting per year in Cairo or Rabat, as well as London, and during these visits town hall meetings are held with employees 
and contractors where all attendees are encouraged to express their views. The Board currently views the corporate culture as being embedded 
throughout the organisation and is confident that any concerns or issues can be dealt with in a timely manner.  

Explain how the Board ensures that the Company has the means to determine that ethical values and behaviours are recognised and respected  
The Company operates a feedback system with direct access to the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer or Chairman of the Audit Committee which 
provides the mechanism to enable the Company to become aware of any deviation from the Company’s ethical values. On a day-to-day basis, the 
Executive Committee members take responsibility for monitoring values and behaviours through engagement with their teams.  

50 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
Principle 9: Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making by the Board 

Describe the roles and responsibilities of the chair, chief executive and any other directors who have specific individual  
responsibilities or remits (e.g. for engagement with shareholders or other stakeholder groups)  
Other than as described above, there are no specific individual responsibilities or remits. 

Describe the roles of any committees (e.g. audit, remuneration and nomination committees) setting out any terms  
of reference and matters reserved by the Board for its consideration 
Refer to 2019 annual report pages 53 to 58. 

Further information relating to the Company’s Committees can be found on the Company’s website: 
https://www.sdxenergy.com/about/corporate-governance/ 

Describe which matters are reserved for the Board  
The Company’s terms of reference are published on the corporate website. The following matters are a summary of the matters which require  
the approval of the Board. 

Strategy and Plans: responsibility to supervise the formulation of strategic direction, plans and priorities for the Company; approve capital  
expenditure budgets and related operating plans; approve material divestitures and acquisitions; 

Financial and Corporate Issues: responsibility to take steps to ensure implementation and integrity of the Company’s internal control  
and management information systems; approval of financial statements and approve the release thereof by management; 

Identification and Management of Risks: responsibility to ensure that management has identified the principal risks of the Company’s business  
and implemented appropriate strategies to manage the risks; 

Policies and Procedures: responsibility to monitor compliance with all significant policies and procedures by which the Company is operated; 

Oversight of Communications and Public Disclosure: ensuring that the Company has in place effective, accurate and timely disclosure  
and communication processes with shareholders and financial, regulatory and other recipients; 

Corporate Governance Matters: review of the Company’s overall corporate governance arrangements; 

Other: Empowered to retain, oversee, compensate and terminate independent advisors to assist the Board in its activities. 

Describe any plans for evolution of the governance framework in line with the Company’s plans for growth  
The Board will monitor the governance framework on an ongoing basis and develop additional procedures and policies as required,  
in line with the Company’s growth.  

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Corporate Governance  
QCA Code Compliance Disclosures 
continued

Principle 10: Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making by the Board 

Describe the work of any Board committees undertaken during the year  
Refer to 2019 annual report pages 53 to 58.  

Include an audit committee report (or equivalent report if such committee is not in place)  
Refer to 2019 annual report page 57. 

Include a remuneration committee report (or equivalent report if such committee is not in place)  
Refer to 2019 annual report pages 53 to 56. 

If the company has not published one or more of the disclosures set out under Principles 1-9, the omitted disclosures must  
be identified and the reason for their omission explained  
The Company has published all of the disclosures set out under Principles 1-9 and has not omitted any disclosures. 

52 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Remuneration Committee Report 

The purpose of the Committee is 
to assist the Board in discharging 
its oversight responsibilities 
relating to the attraction, 
compensation, evaluation and 
retention of Executive Directors, 
being currently the Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, and senior 
management.

The Remuneration Committee (the “Committee”) is a standing committee  
of the Board of the Company and is comprised of two independent  
Non-Executive Directors, and one non-independent Non-Executive Director.  

The Committee currently comprises of Catherine Stalker (Chairman),  
Tim Linacre and Amr Al Menhali. Until his resignation in June 2019,  
Michael Raynes was Chairman of the Committee. From this time until 
Catherine Stalker’s appointment in February 2020, the Committee was 
chaired by Michael Doyle. Tim Linacre has been a member of the  
Committee throughout this period.  

The purpose of the Committee is to assist the Board in discharging  
its oversight responsibilities relating to the attraction, compensation, 
evaluation and retention of Executive Directors (currently the Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) and senior management.  
The Committee aims to ensure that the Company has the right skills  
and expertise needed to enable it to achieve its goals and strategies  
and that fair and competitive compensation is awarded with appropriate 
performance incentives. SDX’s remuneration policy is intended to support 
the Company’s purpose, values and strategy. 

The Committee held one meeting during 2019. Members’ attendance 
records are disclosed in the Corporate Governance Report contained  
in this Annual Report. 

•

•

•

•

Consideration by the Committee of matters relating to Directors’  
and senior managers’ remuneration  
The Committee exercises general responsibility regarding the overall 
compensation policy for the senior managers and Executive Directors  
of the Company. Subject to the approval of the Board, it is responsible for: 
setting the remuneration policy for all executive directors, senior 
•
managers and the Company’s chairman, including pension rights and 
any compensation payments or benefits such as share options, share 
schemes or any other benefit; 
recommending and monitoring the level and structure of  
remuneration for senior management; 
reviewing the on-going appropriateness and relevance of the 
remuneration policy; 
obtaining reliable, up-to-date information about remuneration  
in other companies of comparable scale, sector and complexity; 
approving the design of any performance-related pay schemes 
operated by the Company, including determining associated 
performance targets, and approving the total annual payments made 
under such schemes. These schemes will enable the Company to 
recover sums paid or withhold payment in certain circumstances; 
reviewing the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the 
Board and shareholders and determining each year whether awards 
will be made, and if so, the overall amount of such awards, the 
individual awards to executive directors and other designated senior 
executives and the performance targets to be used; 
determining the policy for, and scope of, pension arrangements  
for each executive director and other designated senior executives; 
ensuring that contractual terms on termination, and any payments 
made, are fair to the individual, and the Company, that failure is not 
rewarded and that the duty to mitigate loss is fully recognised; 
reviewing the directors’ compensation disclosure required to be 
included in the Annual Report; and  
reviewing and making recommendations on any material changes  
in human resources policy, procedure, remuneration, and benefits. 

•

•

•

•

·

The Company is committed to maintaining an open and transparent dialogue 
with shareholders on all aspects of remuneration within the Group. 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 53

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Corporate Governance  
Remuneration Committee Report 
continued

Summary of work undertaken during 2019  
•

The Committee reviewed and recommended the 2018 cash bonus payout to executive directors and selected senior management and the 2019  
cash bonus KPIs.  
The Committee reviewed and recommended the proposed compensation of the Company’s new Egypt Country Manager. 
The Committee reviewed and recommended all other material payments including severance payments. 
The Committee reviewed Chairman and Non-Executive Director fees based on a benchmarking exercise completed by external advisors.  

•
•
•

2020 looking forward 
In 2020 the Committee intends to review and update the Company’s remuneration policy to maintain alignment with market trends, and to consider  
and approve if appropriate any performance-based remuneration.  

Executive Directors’ service contracts  
The commencement date and notice period of the Executive Director service contracts are set out below: 

Director                                                                                                        Commencement date                                                                       Notice period 
Mark Reid                                                                                                           12 November 2019                        6 months from the Executive and Company 
                                                                                                                                                              12 months in the event of a Change of Control(1) 
Nick Box                                                                                                              12 November 2019                        6 months from the Executive and Company 
                                                                                                                                                              12 months in the event of a Change of Control(1) 

(1) “Change of Control” means the acquisition by any person (or the right to acquire), whether by a series of transactions over a period of time or not, an interest in shares of the Company which (taken together with shares in which 

persons acting in concert with him are interested) carry 50% or more of the voting rights of the Company. 

Executive Remuneration 
The table below sets out the remuneration and breakdown for each Executive director paid for the 2019 financial year: 

                                                                                                                                                          Mark Reid(1)              Nick Box(2)           Paul Welch(3) 
                                                                                                                                                                     (US$)                      (US$)                      (US$) 
Salary 
                                                                                                                                                                327,850                    25,444                  187,500  
Annual bonus(4)                                                                                                                                                                -                              -                              - 
Benefits(5)                                                                                                                                                                  1,690                         635                    61,230  
Pension(6)                                                                                                                                                                16,393                      1,272                              - 
Severance                                                                                                                                                                         -                              -                  631,384  
Total 2019                                                                                                                                                           345,933                    27,351                  880,114 
Total 2018(7)                                                                                                                                                          597,152                              -                  539,376  

Where underlying transactions includes in the figures above were in a currency other than the US$, currency translations have been performed  
at the annual average exchange rate between the source currency and the US$.                                                                                           

(1) On his appointment as Chief Executive Officer on 12 November 2019, Mark Reid’s annual salary increased to £300,000.                                                                                                                                                                               

(2) Nick Box was appointed as Chief Financial Officer on 12 November 2019, with an annual salary of £150,000. The information given in the table above covers the period that he served as a Director of the Company during the 

year i.e. from 12 November 2019 to 31 December 2019.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

(3) Paul Welch resigned as Chief Executive Officer and Director on 31 May 2019.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

(4) The award of 2019 annual bonuses to Mark Reid and Nick Box has been deferred.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

(5) Benefits include participation in the Group’s medical insurance, income protection insurance and life insurance schemes.                                                                                                                                                                               

(6) Until the time of his resignation, Paul Welch elected to opt-out of the Company’s defined contribution pension scheme                                                                                                                                                                                

(7) It was disclosed in the 2018 Annual Report that the annual bonuses for Messrs. Welch and Reid had been deferred pending the achievement of strategic targets. Mark Reid was subsequently awarded a bonus of US$245,000, 

which was paid in July 2019. Paul Welch was not awarded a bonus.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Share Option Plans 
The Company operates three discretionary incentive share option plans: the SDX Energy Plc Long Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”), which permits  
the grant of share-based awards, the SDX Energy plc Company Share Option Plan (“CSOP”), and the SDX Energy Plc Stock Option Plan. All three  
plans were re-adopted by the Board on 28 May 2019 following the re-domicile and are known together as the “Discretionary Plans”. 

The Discretionary Plans will govern all future grants of options by the Company to Directors, officers, employees and certain consultants of the Group.  
The directors intend that the maximum number of ordinary shares which may be utilised pursuant to the Discretionary Plans will not exceed 10% of the 
issued ordinary shares of the Company from time to time in line with the recommendations of the Association of British Insurers. The objective of the 
Discretionary Plans is to develop the interest of directors, officers, employees and certain consultants of the Group in the growth and development of the 
Group by providing them with the opportunity to acquire an interest in the Company and to assist the Company in retaining and attracting executives with 
experience and ability. 

In 2019, the Company incurred share-based payment charges of US$400k (2018: US$996k) in respect of Discretionary Plan awards to directors. 

54 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                               
 
 
 
 
 
Long Term Incentive Plan 
The following awards have been granted to certain directors and employees under the LTIP, these were deemed to be granted on 28 May 2019 under  
IFRS 2 in accordance with the Re-Admission Document. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Total number of LTIP 
Director/employees                                                                                                                                                                                                 awards granted 
Mark Reid                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2,234,707  
Nick Box                                                                                                                                                                                                                              134,083  
Employees below Board level (in aggregate)                                                                                                                                                                  2,062,022  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4,430,812  
Total

LTIP Awards are structured as nil-cost options and vesting is subject to the satisfaction of certain performance targets at the end of a three year period 
from the date of grant. Vested options may be exercised up to ten years from the date of grant. For the LTIP awards made in July 2017 and March 2018, 
the performance targets were set with reference to the following: 
•
• Working interest production in barrels of oil equivalent per day; 
• Proved Developed Producing and Proved Undeveloped Reserves in barrels of oil equivalent; and 
•

Earnings Before Interest, Taxation, Depreciation, Amortisation and Exploration Expense (“EBITDAX”) in US$ millions; 

Total Shareholder Return relative to the FTSE All Share Oil & Gas Index. 

The number of common shares granted to executive directors, over which the LTIP Awards may vest, can be increased by a multiple of up to one times, 
depending on the level of share price growth over the three-year period from the date of grant. The potential level of increased share awards is calculated 
as follows: 
•
•

If the share price growth in the three-year period is less than 11% pa, there will be no increase in the base award number of shares set out above; and 
If the share price growth in the three-year period is between 11% pa and 20% pa, the additional number of shares that vest will increase 
proportionately within this range up to a cap of a multiple of one times the base award number of shares. This cap will be triggered at share price 
growth of 20% pa or more. 

For the avoidance of doubt, the maximum number of shares that can vest for the CEO and CFO of 2,234,707 and 134,083 respectively requires 100% 
attainment of all performance targets and at least 20% pa share price growth. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 55

 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Remuneration Committee Report 
continued

Stock Option Plan 
The following awards have been granted to certain directors and employees under the Stock Option Plan, these were deemed to be granted  
on 28 May 2019 under IFRS 2 in accordance with the Re-Admission Document. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Total number of  
Director/employees                                                                                                                                                                                     Stock Options granted 
Mark Reid                                                                                                                                                                                                                            400,000  
Michael Doyle                                                                                                                                                                                                                     320,000  
David Mitchell                                                                                                                                                                                                                     320,000  
Nick Box                                                                                                                                                                                                                                40,000  
Employees below Board level (in aggregate)                                                                                                                                                                       75,000  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1,155,000  
Total

Stock Option Plan awards contain an exercise price, which is determined at the date of grant with reference to the market value. The options are not 
subject to performance targets and vest annually over a three year period. Vested options may be exercised up to five years from the date of grant.  
The exercise price of the outstanding options ranges between £0.21 and £0.45. 

Non-Executive Director fees 

                                                                                                                                                                                 2019 fees US$(1)       2018 fees US$ 
Michael Doyle                                                                                                                                                                                        76,801                    73,414  
Tim Linacre                                                                                                                                                                                            48,940                    23,359  
Amr Al Menhali(2)                                                                                                                                                                                     5,816                              - 
David Mitchell                                                                                                                                                                                        49,066                    46,718  
Michael Raynes(3)                                                                                                                                                                                   18,614                    46,718  

(1) Effective 1 September 2019, the Chairman’s fee was increased to £70,000 (previously £55,000) and Director fees were increased to £40,000 (previously £30,000). Committee Chair fees remained at £5,000.                                   

(2) Amr Al Menhali was appointed as a Director on 20 November 2019.                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

(3) Michael Raynes resigned as a Director on 25 June 2019.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

External advisors 
Subsequent to the 2019 financial year end, the committee retained the services of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) to provide information  
on market and corporate governance practice in relation to executive remuneration and the use of share plans. PwC is the Company’s external auditor.  
The Committee is satisfied that the advice received was independent and objective as it was factual and not judgemental. The fees charged for this  
service were £12,000.  

Catherine Stalker 
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee  
7 April 2020 

56 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Audit Committee Report 

The Audit Committee (the “Committee”) is a standing committee of the Board of the Company and is comprised of three Non-Executive directors. 

An important part of the role of the Committee is its responsibility for reviewing and monitoring the effectiveness of the Group’s financial reporting, 
internal control policies, and procedures for the identification, assessment and reporting of risk. The Audit Committee is also responsible for overseeing  
the relationship with the external auditor, including ongoing assessment of their independence and objectivity. 

As at 1 January 2020 SDX Energy plc is a Designated Foreign Issuer within the meaning of the Canadian National Instrument 71-102-Continuous 
Disclosure and Other Exemptions Relating to Foreign Issuers and is subject to the foreign regulatory requirements of the AIM market of the London Stock 
Exchange. As such, the Company is exempt from certain requirements otherwise imposed on reporting issuers in Canada. This status will mean that the 
preparation of quarterly financial statements and MD&A will not be required in 2020. Quarterly operating and financial updates will, however, be 
published following each quarter end. 

During the year, the Committee met four times and the members attendance record at Committee meetings during the financial year is set out in  
the Corporate Governance section on page 42. After each meeting, the Chairman of the Audit Committee reports to the Board on its proceedings. 

An essential part of the integrity of the financial statements lies around the key assumptions and estimates or judgments to be made. The Committee 
reviews key judgments prior to publication of the financial statements at both the end of the financial year and at the end of interim periods, as well  
as considering significant issues throughout the year. During 2019, these matters included: 
• Reviewing key assumptions used by management in assessing the carrying values of assets for potential impairment. The carrying value of the  
NW Gemsa asset was impaired, and the capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure incurred at the South Ramadan concession and for  
the 2018/19 South Disouq 3D seismic survey was written off;  
The application of the new IFRS 16 leasing standard to the Group’s financial statements; and  
The accounting for the Group’s redomicile from Canada to the United Kingdom, including the changes to the Group’s capital structure 

•
•

Overall, the Committee reviewed and was satisfied that the judgments exercised by management on material items contained within the Annual Report 
and Financial Statements are reasonable. 

The Audit Committee has considered the Group’s internal control and risk management policies and systems, their effectiveness and the requirements  
for an internal audit function in the context of the Group’s overall risk management system. The Committee is satisfied that the Group does not currently 
require an internal audit function; however, it will continue to periodically review this position. 

The Board has engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) to act as external auditors and they are also invited to attend Committee meetings, unless a 
conflict of interest exists. PwC were re-appointed during the financial year, having held office with the Company and its predecessors since 2012. The SDX 
Group fee to PwC for the financial year to 31 December 2019 is GB£210,000. The Audit Committee shall undertake a comprehensive review of the quality, 
effectiveness, value and independence of the audit provided by PwC each year, seeking the views of the wider Board, together with relevant members of 
the Committee. 

Whilst PwC have been the Company’s auditors for seven years, the Committee are comfortable that PwC’s audit remains independent.  
The Company has not adopted specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services, however, the duties of the Audit Committee 
include the review and pre-approval of all non-audit services to be provided by the external auditor’s firm or its affiliates (including estimated fees) and  
the consideration of the effect of such services on the independence of the external audit. 

Responsibilities  
The Committee reviews and makes recommendations to the Board on:  
•
• whether the Company has adopted appropriate accounting policies and made appropriate estimates and judgements, taking into account the views  

the application of significant accounting policies and any changes to them; 

of the external auditor and the financial statements; 
compliance with accounting standards and legal and regulatory requirements;  
disclosures in the interim and annual report and financial statements; 
reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s financial and internal controls;  
any significant concerns of the external auditor about the conduct, results or overall outcome of the annual audit of the Group; 
the provision of any non-audit services by the external auditor’s firm or its affiliates; and 
any matters that may significantly affect the independence of the external auditor  

•
•
•
•
•
•

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Tim Linacre 
Chairman of the Audit Committee  
7 April 2020 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Reserves Committee Report 

The Reserves Committee (the “Committee”) is a standing committee of the 
Board of the Company and is comprised of two Non-Executive directors. 
The Committee comprises of David Mitchell (Chairman) and Michael Doyle. 

The Committee is responsible, inter alia, for arranging the preparation  
of the Company’s annual regulatory reserve reporting, which it will then 
review, liaising with the Company’s qualified independent reserves auditor, 
and recommend to the Board for approval. It is also responsible for 
appointing the qualified independent reserves auditor, ensuring their 
independence, assessing performance, and relationship with the Company. 

The Committee meets at least once a year prior to the approval  
of the Annual Report and annual regulatory reserve reporting. 

2019  
•

Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s policies, practices  
and procedures for estimating oil and gas reserves.  

• Met with the qualified independent reserves auditor to discuss the 
performance of their audit, their access to management and 
information, their estimation methodologies and key judgements,  
and their independence. 

• Met as a Committee to discuss and recommend for approval to the 
Board the Gaffney, Cline & Associates’ Competent Persons Report  
for the SDX Energy plc Group (effective date 31 December 2019),  
and associated regulatory filings. 

2020 looking forward  
• Review the Company’s procedures for providing information to the 

qualified reserves evaluator or auditor who reports on reserves data.  
• Meet with management and the qualified reserves evaluator or auditor, 
to review the reserves data and the auditor’s annual reserves report.  
• Determine whether any restrictions affect the ability of the qualified 
reserves evaluator or auditor to report on reserves data without 
reservation.  

• Review and recommend to the Board for approval the content and 

filing of the Company’s annual statement of reserves data and other 
oil and gas information. 

David Mitchell 
Chairman of the Reserves Committee  
7 April 2020 

The Committee is responsible, 
inter alia, for arranging the 
preparation of the Company’s 
annual regulatory reserve 
reporting, which it will then 
review, liaising with the 
Company’s qualified independent 
reserves auditor, and recommend 
to the Board for approval.

58 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance  
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulation. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have prepared the group financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and company financial statements 
in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 102 “The Financial 
Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland”, and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company and of the profit or loss of the 
group and company for that period. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are required to: 
•
•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed for the group financial statements and United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 102, have been followed for the company financial statements, subject to any material departures disclosed 
and explained in the financial statements; 

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and 
•

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will continue  
in business. 

The directors are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention  
and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group and company’s transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the Companies Act 2006. 

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors’ confirmations 
The directors consider that the annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary 
for shareholders to assess the group and company’s position and performance, business model and strategy. 

In the case of each director in office at the date the Directors’ Report is approved: 
•
•

so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the group and company’s auditors are unaware; and 
they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as a director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information  
and to establish that the group and company’s auditors are aware of that information.  

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements

Low cost  
High margin 
production 

60 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

Financial Statements 

Independent Auditors’ Report                                                                                     62  
Consolidated Balance Sheet                                                                                        66  
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income                                                   67  
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity                                                           68  
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows                                                                       69  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements                                                        70  
Independent Auditors’ Report-Company                                                                    94  
Parent Company Balance Sheet                                                                                  98  
Parent Company Statement of Changes in Equity                                                     99  
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements                                                100  
Corporate Information                                                                                               IBC

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 61

 
 
                                                                                                                                          
Financial Statements  
Independent Auditors’ Report 
to the members of SDX Energy Plc 

Report on the audit of the group financial statements 

Opinion 
In our opinion, SDX Energy Plc’s group financial statements (the “financial statements”): 
•
•
•

Give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2019 and of its loss and cash flows for the year then ended; 
Have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union; and 
Have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

We have audited the financial statements, included within the Annual Report, which comprise: the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2019; the Consolidated Statement  
of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended; and the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements, which include a description of the significant accounting policies. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under ISAs (UK) are further described in the 
Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our opinion. 

Independence 
We remained independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, which includes the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard, as applicable to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

Our audit approach 
Overview 

                                                                           Materiality                                •      Overall group materiality: US$1.33 million (2018: US$1.40 million),  
                                                                                                                                      based on 1% of total assets. 

                                                                           Audit scope                              •      We conducted full scope audits of five components out of the Group’s twenty-two components which 

Materiality

                                                                                                                            •      This enabled us to obtain coverage of 100% of consolidated revenue, 87% coverage of consolidated 

Audit scope

loss before tax and 98% coverage of consolidated total assets for the Group. 

                                                                                                                            •      The Group audit team visited the Egypt offices as part of the audit in order to have sufficient oversight 

                                                                                                                            •      The Group audit team performed a site visit to the Morocco operations. 

of our component auditors in Egypt.  

were selected due to their size and risk characteristics. Specific audit procedures were performed on 
certain balances and transactions at a further 6 components.  

Key audit  
matter

                                                                           Key audit matters                    •      Carrying value of tangible and intangible assets  
                                                                                                                            •      Basis of going concern 
                                                                                                                             •      Impact of COVID-19  

The scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made 
subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all 
of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in the auditors’ professional judgement, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the 
most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) identified by the auditors, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit 
strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters, and any comments we make on the results of our procedures thereon, 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is 
not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.  

62 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                            
                                                                            
                                                                            
 
 
 
Key audit matter
Carrying value of oil and gas properties and exploration and evaluation assets 
Refer to note 3 Significant Accounting Policies, note 9 Property, Plant and Equipment  
and note 10 Exploration and Evaluation Assets. 

As at 31 December 2019, the consolidated balance sheet carrying value of property,  
plant and equipment totalled US$67.9 million (comprising US$67.3 million of oil and  
gas properties) and US$18.7 million of capitalised exploration costs. 

At the reporting date, management performed an impairment indicator assessment and 
concluded that due to a reduction in the proved and probable reserves for the North West 
Gemsa concession and reduction in oil prices the asset should be tested for impairment. 

Management also performed an impairment assessment for South Disouq on transferring 
the exploration and evaluation assets to oil and gas properties. 

Management recorded an impairment charge of US$8.3 million on its North West Gemsa 
concession during the year to fully impair the asset. No impairment has been recognised 
on the South Disouq concession. 

Management has assessed all other exploration assets for impairment triggers under  
IFRS 6 and concluded that the assets related to South Disouq 3D seismic data  
(US$3.7 million), South Ramadan (US$5.1 million) and Sebou CGD-15 non-commercial 
well (US$1.5 million) should be written off. 

We focused on this area due to the material nature of the balance, the judgement 
involved in assessing for impairment and the estimates required to calculate the value  
in the current economic climate. 

Basis of going concern 
Refer to page 28 Financial Review and note 2 (e) Basis of preparation. 

We focused on this area given the recent volatility in oil price and potential impact on 
demand as a result of the COVID-19 virus. The ability of the Group to continue as a going 
concern is dependent on Management’s ability to maintain liquidity in order to repay its 
existing creditors. 

Management sensitised their cash flow forecast to take into consideration a decline  
in both oil prices and production as a result of the COVID-19 virus. 

Management’s assessment of going concern is based on cash flow projections and 
business plans, each of which is dependent on management’s judgement and can  
be influenced by management bias. 

Impact of COVID-19 
Refer to page 28 Financial review and note 2 (e) Basis of preparation. 

Management has considered the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the SDX Energy 
Group’s future oil and gas sales and specifically the Group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. The virus may result in a sustained low oil price and short term decline in oil and 
gas demand from customers which negatively impacts future cash inflows and the Group’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. 

Having assessed the possible impact of COVID-19 on the Group, the Directors have 
prepared the financial statements of the Group on a going concern basis and believe this 
assumption remains appropriate. 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 
Oil and gas assets 
We tested management’s impairment analysis on NW Gemsa and South Disouq 
concessions by performing the work described below: 
•

Obtained management’s discounted cash flow model and checked the mathematical 
accuracy; 
Validated management’s underlying cash flow projections to other external and internal 
sources where appropriate, including recent production, oil price forecasts and 
comparing cost assumptions to historic actuals and underlying budgets; 
Assessed the competency, independence and objectivity of the experts in relation  
to the commercial reserves. We discussed the key judgments and assumptions used 
in the report directly with experts; 
Benchmarked oil price assumptions to external sources including forward curves and 
found these to be reasonable and validated the gas selling prices to the underlying 
contracts; and 
Assessed the discount rates used by management in the discounted cash flow model 
of 12.5%. 

•

•

•

•

Our review focused on the sensitivity of the impairment assessments to movements  
in the oil price and changes in the production profiles. 

Exploration and evaluation assets 
We challenged management's assessment of impairment triggers for exploration assets 
under IFRS 6 including challenging and validating management’s plans to perform further 
evaluation of the development opportunity in Egypt and in Morocco. 

After performing the above tests, the evidence we obtained supported management’s 
conclusion on the carrying amount of the oil and gas assets and exploration and evaluation 
assets, including the various impairments and write offs recognised during the year. 

Finally we considered the adequacy of management’s disclosure of the key judgements 
and sensitivities in relation to the impairment assessment in note 9. These were deemed 
to be in line with the requirements of IAS 36. 

In assessing the appropriateness of the going concern assumption used  
in preparing the financial statements, we: 
•

Checked the mathematical accuracy of Management’s cash flow forecast  
and validated the opening cash position; 
Validated Management’s underlying cash flow projections for the Group  
to other external and internal sources where appropriate, including recent 
production, oil price forecasts and comparing cost assumptions to historic  
actuals and underlying budgets; 
Performed sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of the key assumptions 
underlying the forecast such as a reduction in oil price, weaker operational 
performance and timing of the receipts of cash from debtors, and the Group’s  
ability to take mitigating actions, if required; and 
Reviewed the completeness and appropriateness of management’s going  
concern disclosures in the financial statements.  

•

•

•

Our conclusions on going concern are set out the “Conclusions relating to going concern” 
section below. 

With reference to the basis of going concern key audit matter, we have evaluated the 
Directors’ assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the Group by: 
•

For oil sales, challenged the key inputs of an oil price of US$30/bbl in the short  
term and US$35/bbl in the longer term; 
For gas sales, reviewed key contracts with Moroccan customers which supports  
fixed priced nature of the gas sales and the minimum quantities of production  
on a “take or pay” basis; 
For both oil and gas sales, we have performed further sensitivity analysis to assess 
the impact on the cash flows resulting from a decline in production in the short term; 
Considered the financial condition of the Group’s customers and the impact of a 
delay in their payments on the Group’s cashflows; and  

•

•

•

We have evaluated the completeness and appropriateness of management’s disclosures  
in the financial statements related to the impact of the COVID-19 virus. 

From the evidence obtained we concluded that the financial statements appropriately 
reflect the effects of COVID-19 on the Group.  

Our conclusions relating to going concern are set out in the “Conclusions relating to going 
concern” section below.

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 63

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Financial Statements  
Independent Auditors’ Report 
to the members of SDX Energy Plc 

How we tailored the audit scope 
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure  
of the group and the company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which they operate. 

The Group financial statements are a consolidation of twenty-two components and has only two operating segments, that being Morocco and Egypt. In establishing the overall approach 
to the group audit, we determined the type of work that needed to be performed over the components either by the group engagement team or the component auditors from other 
PwC network firms operating under our instruction. 

Our interactions and procedures over our component auditors in Egypt comprised of the following: 
• We determined the areas of key audit risks that related to Egyptian entities’ business activities and the audit procedures that would be required to address these risks. We allocated 

•

the execution of these procedures between the group audit team and our component audit team in Egypt; 
The group audit team had ongoing communication with our component team in Egypt throughout the interim and year end audit, which included a visit to Egypt by group senior 
manager; and 

• We reviewed the component auditors’ audit file documentation. 

We identified five components that, in our view, required full scope audits due to their relative size or risk characteristics. The full scope audit of three Egyptian components were 
performed by our component audit team in Egypt. In addition, our component audit team in Egypt performed specific audit procedures on certain balances and transactions on a further 
four Egyptian components. The group engagement team performed the full scope audit of the Morocco component and one UK component and in addition, performed specific audit 
procedures on certain balances and transaction on a further two UK components. The above gave us coverage of 100% of consolidated revenue, 87% coverage of consolidated loss 
before tax and 98% coverage of consolidated total assets for the Group. 

The Group engagement team directly performed the audit of the consolidation. This together with additional procedures performed at the Group level gave us the evidence we needed 
for our opinion of the Group financial statements as a whole. 

Materiality 
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to 
determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of 
misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole. 

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: 

Overall group materiality                                                           US$1.33 million (2018: US$1.40 million). 

How we determined it                                                               1% of total assets. 

Rationale for benchmark applied                                              This benchmark reflects the Group’s primary focus to continue to enlarge its assets through significant investment  

in its exploration and development assets. 

For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall group materiality. The range of materiality allocated across components  
was US$0.1 million and US$1.2 million. 

Certain components were audited to a local statutory audit materiality that was also less than our overall group materiality. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above US$67,000 (2018: US$69,000) as well as misstatements below  
that amount that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
ISAs (UK) require us to report to you when:  
•
•

The directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or  
The directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the group’s ability to continue to adopt  
the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the above matters. 

However, because not all future events or conditions can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

64 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reporting on other information  
The other information comprises all of the information in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our auditors’ report thereon. The directors are responsible for the 
other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion or, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in this report, any form of assurance thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent 
with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify an apparent material inconsistency or material 
misstatement, we are required to perform procedures to conclude whether there is a material misstatement of the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information.  
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report based  
on these responsibilities. 

With respect to the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report, we also considered whether the disclosures required by the UK Companies Act 2006 have been included.  

Based on the responsibilities described above and our work undertaken in the course of the audit, ISAs (UK) require us also to report certain opinions and matters as described below. 

Strategic Report and Directors’ Report 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report for the year ended  
31 December 2019 is consistent with the financial statements and has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we did not identify any material misstatements in the Strategic Report 
and Directors’ Report. 

Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit 
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities set out on page 59, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with 
the applicable framework and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. The directors are also responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue  
an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always 
detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the FRC’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms  
part of our auditors’ report. 

Use of this report 
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the parent company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and 
for no other purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands 
it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing. 

Other required reporting 
Companies Act 2006 exception reporting 
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: 
• We have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or 
•

Certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made.  

We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility. 

Other matter 
We have reported separately on the Parent Company financial statements of SDX Energy Plc for the period ended 31 December 2019. 

Richard Spilsbury  
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors 
Aberdeen 
7 April 2020 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Consolidated Balance Sheet 
As at 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                    As at                       As at 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                    Note                       2019                       2018 
Assets 
Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                                               7                    11,054                    17,345  
Trade and other receivables                                                                                                                                           6a                    21,774                    24,324  
Inventory                                                                                                                                                                          8                      7,972                      5,236  
Current assets                                                                                                                                                                                        40,800                    46,905  

Investments                                                                                                                                                                   11                      3,916                      3,394  
Property, plant and equipment                                                                                                                                       9                    67,895                    48,680  
Exploration and evaluation assets                                                                                                                                 10                    18,720                    39,128  
Right-of-use assets                                                                                                                                                        23                      1,687                              - 
Non-current assets                                                                                                                                                                                92,218                    91,202  

Total assets                                                                                                                                                                                         133,018                  138,107  

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables                                                                                                                                              12                    25,724                    14,418  
Deferred income                                                                                                                                                            13                         258                         495  
Decommissioning liability                                                                                                                                              14                         317                      1,125  
Current income taxes                                                                                                                                                     15                      1,484                      1,458  
Lease liability                                                                                                                                                                 23                         506                              - 
Current liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                    28,289                    17,496  

Deferred income                                                                                                                                                            13                              -                         240  
Decommissioning liability                                                                                                                                              14                      5,287                      4,042  
Deferred income taxes                                                                                                                                                   15                         290                         290  
Lease liability                                                                                                                                                                 23                      1,121                              - 
Non-current liabilities                                                                                                                                                                              6,698                      4,572  

Total liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                      34,987                    22,068  

Equity 
Share capital                                                                                                                                                                  16                      2,593                    88,899  
Share-based payment reserve                                                                                                                                                                 7,038                      6,860  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss                                                                                                                                                   (917)                      (917) 
Merger reserve                                                                                                                                                               16                    37,034                              - 
Retained earnings                                                                                                                                                                                  52,283                    21,197  

Total equity                                                                                                                                                                                          98,031                  116,039  

Equity and liabilities                                                                                                                                                                          133,018                  138,107  

The notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

The financial statements of the Group (SDX Energy Plc registered number 11894102) on pages 66 to 93 were approved by the Board of directors  
on 7 April 2020 and signed on its behalf by: 

Mark Reid                                                                                              Nicholas Box 
Chief Executive Officer and Director                                                      Chief Financial Officer and Director 

66 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
For the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                    Note                       2019                       2018 
Revenue, net of royalties                                                                                                                                               18                    53,233                    53,679  

Direct operating expense                                                                                                                                                                     (13,900)                 (11,934) 

Gross profit                                                                                                                                                                                            39,333                    41,745  

Exploration and evaluation expense                                                                                                                             10                  (11,427)                   (5,744) 
Depletion, depreciation and amortisation                                                                                                                9, 23                  (26,295)                 (17,268) 
Impairment expense                                                                                                                                                        9                    (8,327)                   (3,520) 
Stock-based compensation                                                                                                                                           17                        (178)                   (1,194) 
Share of profit from joint venture                                                                                                                                 11                      1,161                      1,195  
Bad debt expense                                                                                                                                                                                            -                        (123) 
Release of historic operational tax provision                                                                                                                                                   -                         300  
Inventory write-off                                                                                                                                                                                          -                        (370) 
Gain on sale of office asset                                                                                                                                                                             -                           23  
General and administrative expenses 
- Ongoing general and administrative expenses                                                                                                          19                    (4,993)                   (4,815) 
- Transaction costs                                                                                                                                                         19                    (1,079)                   (2,455) 

Operating (loss)/income                                                                                                                                                                      (11,805)                    7,774  

Finance costs                                                                                                                                                                                             (511)                      (542) 
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain                                                                                                                                                                      (94)                          75  
Loss on acquisition                                                                                                                                                                                          -                        (174) 
(Loss)/income before income taxes                                                                                                                                                    (12,410)                    7,133  

Current income tax expense                                                                                                                                          15                    (5,776)                   (7,021) 
Total current and deferred income tax expense                                                                                                                                     (5,776)                   (7,021) 

(Loss)/profit and total comprehensive (loss)/income for the period                                                                                        (18,186)                        112  

Net (loss)/income per share 
Basic
                                                                                                                                                                         20                  $(0.089)                  $0.001  
Diluted                                                                                                                                                                          20                  $(0.089)                  $0.001  

There were no Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 other than those included in the Consolidated Statement  
of Comprehensive Income. 

The notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
For the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                    Note                       2019                       2018 
Share capital 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                        16                    88,899                    88,785  
Issuance of common shares                                                                                                                                                                             -                         114  
Share-for-share exchange-old                                                                                                                                       16                  (88,899)                            - 
Share-for-share exchange-new                                                                                                                                     16                    51,865                              - 
Capital reduction                                                                                                                                                           16                  (49,272)                            - 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                             2,593                    88,899  

Share-based payment reserve 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                   6,860                      5,666  
Share-based compensation for the period                                                                                                                                                 178                      1,194  
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                             7,038                      6,860  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                    (917)                      (917) 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                              (917)                      (917) 

Merger reserve 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                          -                              - 
Share-for-share exchange                                                                                                                                             16                    37,034                              - 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                           37,034                              - 

Retained earnings 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                21,197                    21,085  
Capital reduction                                                                                                                                                           16                    49,272                              - 
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the period                                                                                                                              (18,186)                        112  
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                           52,283                    21,197  

Total equity                                                                                                                                                                                          98,031                  116,039  

The notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

68 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 
For the year ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                    Note                       2019                       2018 
Cash flows generated from/(used in) operating activities 
(Loss)/income before income taxes                                                                                                                                                    (12,410)                    7,133  

Adjustments for: 
Depletion, depreciation and amortisation                                                                                                                9, 23                    26,295                    17,268  
Exploration and evaluation expense                                                                                                                             10                    10,256                      5,103  
Impairment expense                                                                                                                                                        9                      8,327                      3,520  
Finance costs                                                                                                                                                                                               511                         542  
Stock-based compensation                                                                                                                                           17                         178                      1,194  
Loss on acquisition                                                                                                                                                                                          -                         174  
Foreign exchange (gain)/loss                                                                                                                                                                   (382)                        368  
Gain on sale of office asset                                                                                                                                                                              -                          (23) 
Bad debt expense                                                                                                                                                                                            -                         123  
Release of historic operational tax provision                                                                                                                                                   -                        (300) 
Inventory write-off                                                                                                                                                                                          -                         370  
Amortisation of deferred income                                                                                                                                  13                        (477)                      (497) 
Tax paid by state                                                                                                                                                            15                    (4,262)                   (5,036) 
Share of profit from joint venture                                                                                                                                 11                    (1,161)                   (1,195) 
Operating cash flow before working capital movements                                                                                                                     26,875                    28,744  

Decrease in trade and other receivables                                                                                                                        6a                      1,992                    11,195  
(Decrease)/Increase in trade and other payables                                                                                                         12                    (1,785)                        330  
Payments for inventory                                                                                                                                                   8                        (556)                   (2,801) 
Payments for decommissioning                                                                                                                                    14                        (155)                      (140) 
Cash generated from operating activities                                                                                                                                              26,371                    37,328  

Income taxes paid                                                                                                                                                          15                    (1,306)                   (1,091) 
Net cash generated from operating activities                                                                                                                                 25,065                    36,237  

Cash flows generated from/(used in) investing activities: 
Property, plant and equipment expenditures                                                                                                                 9                  (25,739)                 (21,945) 
Exploration and evaluation expenditures                                                                                                                      10                    (5,576)                 (22,865) 
Dividends received                                                                                                                                                         11                         639                         525  
Net cash used in investing activities                                                                                                                                               (30,676)                 (44,285) 

Cash flows generated from/(used in) financing activities: 
Issuance of common shares                                                                                                                                                                             -                         114  
Payments of lease liabilities                                                                                                                                           23                        (795)                            - 
Finance costs paid                                                                                                                                                                                     (267)                      (197) 
Net cash used in financing activities                                                                                                                                                 (1,062)                        (83) 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                                             (6,673)                   (8,131) 

Effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                  382                        (368) 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period                                                                                                                            17,345                    25,844  

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period                                                                                                                                        11,054                    17,345  

The notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

1. Reporting entity 
SDX Energy Plc (“SDX” or “the Company”) is a company domiciled in the United Kingdom. The address of the Company’s registered office is  
38 Welbeck Street, London, United Kingdom, W1G 8DP. The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company as at and for the year ended  
31 December 2019 (“Consolidated Financial Statements”) comprise the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and include the Company’s  
share of joint arrangements (together the “Group”).  

The Company’s shares trade on the London Stock Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”) in the United Kingdom under the symbol “SDX”. 

The Company is engaged in the exploration for and development and production of oil and natural gas. The Company’s principal properties are in the  
Arab Republic of Egypt and the Kingdom of Morocco. 

On 28 May 2019, the Company obtained control of the entire issued share capital of SDX Energy Inc. via a share-for-share exchange. There were no 
changes in rights or proportion of control exercised as a result of this transaction. As no change in legal ownership occurred, this was a common control 
transaction and therefore outside the scope of IFRS 3. In substance, these Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the continuation of the pre-existing 
Group headed by SDX Energy Inc., and they have been prepared applying the principles of predecessor accounting.  

As a result, the comparatives presented in these Consolidated Financial Statements are the consolidated results of SDX Energy Inc.. The prior year 
Consolidated Balance Sheet reflects the capital structure of SDX Energy Inc.. The current period Consolidated Balance Sheet presents the legal change  
in ownership of the Group, including the share capital of SDX Energy Plc and the merger reserve arising as a result of the share-for-share exchange 
transaction. 

On 4 June 2019, the High Court of Justice Chancery Division made an order confirming the reduction of share capital of SDX Energy Plc pursuant  
to section 648 of the Companies Act 2006.  

The Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and the additional disclosures in note 16 explain the impact of the share-for-share exchange  
and the reduction of share capital in more detail. 

2. Basis of preparation 
a) Statement of compliance 

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards,  
adopted for use by the European Union (IFRSs). 

These Consolidated Financial Statements of SDX Energy Plc were approved by the Board of directors on 7 April 2020. 

b) Basis of measurement 

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis. 

c) Functional and presentation currency 

The functional currency for each entity in the Group, and for joint arrangements and associates, is the currency of the primary economic environment 
in which that entity operates. Transactions denominated in other currencies are converted to the functional currency at the exchange rate ruling at the 
date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at year-end exchange rates.  

The Group’s financial statements are presented in US dollars, as that presentation currency most reliably reflects the business performance of the 
Group as a whole. On consolidation, income statement items for each entity are translated from the functional currency into US dollars at average 
rates of exchange, where the average is a reasonable approximation of rates prevailing on the transaction date. Balance sheet items are translated  
into US dollars at year end exchange rates.  

70 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

d) Use of significant estimates and judgments 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect  
the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. The group has not applied any significant 
judgments in the application of accounting policies however some estimates have been made. Actual results may differ from these estimates and 
affect the results reported in these Consolidated Financial Statements. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. 
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the year in which the estimates are revised and in any future years affected. 

Purchase price allocations, depletion, depreciation and amortisation, and amounts used in impairment calculations are based on estimates of crude  
oil and natural gas reserves. Reserve estimates are based on engineering data, estimated future prices, expected future rates of production, and the 
timing of future capital expenditures, all of which are subject to many uncertainties, interpretations, and judgements. The Company expects that,  
over time, its reserve estimates will be revised upward or downward, based on updated information such as the results of future drilling, testing,  
and production levels, and may be affected by changes in commodity prices.  

In accounting for property, plant, and equipment during the drilling of oil and gas wells, at period end it is necessary to estimate the value of work 
done (“VOWD”) for any unbilled goods and services provided by contractors. 

Provisions recognised for decommissioning costs and related accretion expense, derivative fair value calculations, fair value of share-based payments 
expense, deferred tax provisions, and fair values assigned to any identifiable assets and liabilities in business combinations are also based on estimates. 

The above estimates are not considered to be critical as they do not relate to assumptions and estimates at the end of the current reporting period 
that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year. 

e) Going concern 

The Company directors have reviewed the Company’s forecasted cash flows for the next 12 months from the date of publication of these Consolidated 
Financial Statements. The capital expenditure and operating costs used in these forecasted cash flows are based on the Company’s Board-approved 
2020 SDX corporate budget, which reflects approved operating budgets for each of its joint ventures and an estimate of 2020 SDX corporate general 
and administrative expenses. The Company’s forecasted cash flows also reflect its best estimate of operational and corporate expenditure, including 
corporate general and administrative costs. The directors have made enquiries into and considered the Egyptian and Moroccan business environments 
and future expectations regarding commodity price risk, particularly the oil price risk, given the volatility in quoted Brent and WTI crude oil prices.  

country and commodity price risks; 
the Company’s ability to change the timing and scale of discretionary capital expenditure; 

The directors have considered the sensitivities and potential outcomes relating to: 
i)
ii)
iii) the Company’s ability to manage operating costs; and 
iv) the Company’s ability to manage general and administrative costs. 

The directors have considered the impact on the forecasted cash flows of the low oil price environment and potential impact on demand resulting from 
the COVID-19 virus, as well as counterparty credit risk. In addition, the directors have considered the counterparty credit risk as a result of the low oil 
price and COVID-19 virus. The directors have performed sensitivities on these forecasted cash flows and considered that the Company’s underlying 
long-term fixed-price contracts in Gharb Basin gas fields in Morocco and South Disouq in Egypt mitigated the potential risk on going concern. 

As a result, the directors consider that, in a low-price environment the Company has sufficient resources at its disposal to continue for the foreseeable 
future. The foreseeable future is defined as being not less than 12 months from the date of publication of these Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Given the above, these Consolidated Financial Statements continue to be prepared under the going concern basis of accounting. 

f) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted 

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2019 reporting periods and have 
not been early adopted by the group. These standards are not expected to have a material impact on the entity in the current or future reporting 
periods and on foreseeable future transactions. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

3. New accounting standards adopted  
The Company has adopted IFRS 16 Leases, which came into effect on 1 January 2019. In accordance with the transition provisions in IFRS 16, the new 
rules have been adopted retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognised on 1 January 2019. Comparatives  
for the 2018 financial year have not been restated. See note 23 below for further details on the impact of the change in accounting policy. 
IFRS 16 Leases 

Adjustments recognised on adoption of IFRS 16  
On adoption of IFRS 16, the Company recognised lease liabilities in relation to leases that had previously been classified as “operating leases” under the 
principles of IAS 17 Leases. These lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments and discounted using entity-specific 
incremental borrowing rates at 1 January 2019. The incremental borrowing rate applied to each lease was determined by taking into account the risk-free 
rate, adjusted for factors such as the credit rating of the contracting entity and the terms and conditions of the lease. The weighted average incremental 
borrowing rate applied by the Company upon transition was 8%.  

The associated right-of-use assets for leases were measured at the amount equal to the lease liability, adjusted by the amount of any prepaid or accrued 
lease payments relating to that lease recognised on the balance sheet as at 31 December 2018. There were no onerous lease contracts that would have 
required an adjustment to the right-of-use assets at the date of initial application.  

The recognised right-of-use assets relate to property, motor vehicles, and software. 

The change in accounting policy affected the following items in the consolidated balance sheet on 1 January 2019:  
•
•
•

right-of-use assets-increased by US$2.2 million 
prepayments-decreased by US$0.1 million 
lease liabilities-increased by US$2.1 million 

(i) Impact on segment disclosures and earnings per share 

EBITDAX, segment assets, and segment liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2019 all increased as a result of the change in accounting policy.  

(ii) Practical expedients applied 

In applying IFRS 16 for the first time, the Company has used the following practical expedients permitted by the standard:  
•
•
•
•

the use of a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics; 
the accounting for operating leases with a remaining lease term of less than 12 months as at 1 January 2019 as short-term leases; 
the exclusion of initial direct costs for the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and 
the use of hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease. 

The Company has also elected not to apply IFRS 16 to contracts that were not identified as containing a lease under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4,  
“Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease”. 

iii) The Company’s leasing activities and how these are accounted for 

The Company leases various properties, motor vehicles, and software. Rental contracts are typically made for fixed periods but can have extension 
options. Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not 
impose any covenants, but leased assets cannot be used as security for borrowing purposes. 

Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Company.  

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of fixed payments 
(including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable. The lease payments are discounted using the Company’s incremental 
borrowing rate. 

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the start of the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured based  
on the present value of lease payments, plus initial direct costs and the cost of obligations to refurbish the asset, adjusted for any lease  
payments made at or before the commencement date less any incentives received.  

Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period to produce  
a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter  
of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. 

The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases where the total lease term is less than or equal to 12 months,  
or for leases of low-value assets. Low-value assets comprise IT equipment and small items of office furniture. Payments associated with short-term 
leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss.  

72 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

4. Significant accounting policies 
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all years presented in these Consolidated Financial Statements and have been 
applied consistently by the Company and its subsidiaries. 

a) Basis of consolidation 
i)

Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. Control exists where the Company has; power over the entities, that is existing rights that give it 
the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the entities (those that significantly affect the Companies’ returns); exposure, or rights, to variable 
returns from its involvement with the entities; and the ability to use its power to affect those returns. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date 
on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. 

ii) Joint arrangements 

A joint arrangement is an arrangement by which two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control 
such that decisions about the relevant activities of the arrangement (those that significantly affect the Companies’ returns) require the unanimous 
consent of the parties sharing control. The Company has one joint arrangement, its 50% equity interest in Brentford Oil Tools LLC (“Brentford”).  
As the parties sharing joint control in this entity have rights to its net assets, the arrangement constitutes a joint venture and is accounted for using 
the equity accounting method. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment in Brentford was initially recognised at cost and adjusted 
thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the net assets. The Company’s Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income includes its share  
of Brentford’s profit or loss. The Company’s other comprehensive income includes its share of Brentford’s other comprehensive income.  
Dividends received or receivable from Brentford are recognised as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment. 

iii)  Investments in associates 

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence, and is equity accounted for.  

iv)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intercompany balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intercompany transactions, are eliminated in preparing 
the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

b) Foreign currency 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to United States dollars at exchange rates available on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets 
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to United States dollars at the period end exchange rate. 

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and the translation at exchange rates ruling at the period end date of 
monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. Previously, such gains and losses were recognised 
in other comprehensive income. The updated accounting policy has no net effect on prior period total comprehensive income or equity. 

c) Financial instruments 
i) Non-derivative financial instruments 

Non-derivative financial instruments comprise trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other payables. Non-derivative 
financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, non-derivative financial instruments are measured as 
described below. 

Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are 
derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially  
all risks and rewards of ownership. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset  
the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash in hand, deposits with banks, term deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments  
with original maturities of three months or less. 

Financial assets at fair value through the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
An instrument is classified at fair value through the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income if it is held for trading or is designated  
as such upon initial recognition. Financial instruments are designated at fair value through the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income  
if the Company manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company’s  
risk management or investment strategy. Upon initial recognition, attributable transaction costs are recognised in the Consolidated Statement  
of Comprehensive Income when incurred. Financial instruments are measured at fair value and changes therein are recognised in the  
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 73

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Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

4. Significant accounting policies (continued) 
c) Financial instruments (continued) 
i) Non-derivative financial instruments (continued) 

Financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities at amortised cost include trade payables. Trade payables are initially recognised at the amount required to be paid, less (when material) 
a discount to reduce the payables to fair value. Subsequently, trade payables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Financial assets 
Trade and other receivables, which are non-derivative financial assets that have fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active 
market and are measured at amortised cost. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the reporting  
date, which are classified as non-current assets. 

ii) Equity instruments 

Equity instruments are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares and share options are recognised  
as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects, if any. 

d) Inventory 

Inventories consist of tangible drilling materials and other consumables. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  
Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less applicable selling expenses. 

e) Property, plant and equipment and intangible exploration and evaluation expenses 
i) Recognition and measurement 

Development and production costs 
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depletion and depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. 

The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation,  
the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation, if any, and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or the construction  
cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset.  

Expenditures on major maintenance, inspections, or overhauls are capitalised when the item enhances the life or performance of an asset above  
its original standard. Such capitalised oil and natural gas interests generally represent costs incurred in developing proved and/or probable reserves 
and bringing in or enhancing production from such reserves, and are accumulated on a field or geotechnical area basis. The carrying amount of any 
replaced or sold component is derecognised. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant, and equipment are recognised in the 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred. Where an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated is replaced and it  
is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company, the expenditure is capitalised and the carrying amount  
of the replaced asset is derecognised. Inspection costs associated with major maintenance programs are capitalised and amortised over the period  
to the next inspection. All other maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. 

Exploration and evaluation expenditures 
Pre-licence costs are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period in which they are incurred. 

Exploration and evaluation expenditures, including the costs of acquiring licences and directly attributable general and administrative costs, geological 
and geophysical costs, acquisition of mineral and surface rights, technical studies, other direct costs of exploration (drilling, trenching, sampling, and 
evaluating the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extraction) and appraisal are accumulated and capitalised as intangible exploration and 
evaluation (“E&E”) assets. 

On a quarterly basis, a review of any areas classified and accounted for as E&E is performed to determine whether enough information exists to assess 
the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the area. Where appropriate, the review may indicate that an area should be further subdivided 
because a significant portion has already been explored, while a significant undeveloped portion with different traits (i.e. different zone, technical 
approach, play type, etc.) remains that requires additional E&E activities to assess it for technical feasibility and commercial viability. 

The assessment of technical feasibility and commercial viability is performed on an area level basis unless further subdivision is recommended. 
Depending on the extent and complexity of the prospective play, many wells may need to be drilled and potentially significant E&E costs accumulated 
prior to obtaining enough information to assess technical feasibility and commercial viability. 

E&E costs are not amortised prior to the conclusion of appraisal activities. At the completion of appraisal activities, if technical feasibility  
is demonstrated and commercial reserves are discovered, then the carrying value of the relevant E&E asset will be reclassified from a development  
and production asset (“D&P”) into the cash generating unit (“CGU”) to which it relates, but only after the carrying value of the relevant E&E asset  
has been assessed for impairment, and where appropriate, its carrying value adjusted. Typically, the technical feasibility and commercial viability  
of extracting a mineral resource is considered to be demonstrable when proven or probable reserves are determined to exist. However, if the  
Company determines the area is not technically feasible and commercially viable, accumulated E&E costs are expensed in the period during  
which the determination is made.

74 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

ii) Depletion and depreciation 

The net carrying value of development and production assets is depleted using the unit of production method by reference to the ratio of production 
in the year to the related proven and probable reserves, taking into account the estimated future development costs necessary to bring those reserves 
into production. Future development costs are estimated taking into account the level of development required to produce the reserves. These 
estimates are reviewed by independent reserve engineers at least annually. 

For other assets (see below), a straight-line basis is used over the assets’ estimated useful lives, as follows:  

Fixtures and fittings                                                                      1-5 years 
Office equipment                                                                          1-5 years 
Vehicles                                                                                         1-5 years 
Software licenses                                                                          1-3 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives, and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date. 

f)
i)

Impairment 
Financial assets 
Recognition of impairment provisions under IFRS 9 is based on the expected credit losses (“ECL”) model. The ECL model is applicable to financial 
assets classified at amortised costs and contract assets under IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The measurement of ECL reflects an 
unbiased and probability weighted amount that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date, about past events, current conditions 
and forecasts of future economic conditions. 

The Group applied the simplified approach to determine impairment of its trade and other receivables. The simplified approach requires expected 
lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables. This involves determining the expected loss rates using a provision matrix 
that is based on the Group’s historical default rates observed over the expected life of the receivables and adjusted forward looking estimates.  
This is then applied to the gross carrying amount of the receivables to arrive at the loss allowance for the period.  

ii) Non-financial assets 

Exploration and evaluation costs are tested for impairment when reclassified as D&P assets or whenever facts and circumstances indicate potential 
impairment. Exploration and evaluation assets are tested separately for impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the 
exploration and evaluation expenditure’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the exploration 
and evaluation expenditure’s fair value less the cost of disposal and its value in use. 

Values of oil and gas properties and other property, plant, and equipment are reviewed for impairment when indicators of such impairment exist.  
If any indication of impairment exists, an estimate of the asset’s recoverable amount is calculated. Assets are grouped for impairment assessment 
purposes at the lowest level at which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets (the 
CGU). The recoverable amount of a CGU is the greater of its fair value less the cost of disposal and its value in use. Where the carrying amount of  
a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the CGU is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is charged 
to the income statement. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are adjusted for the risks specific to the CGU and are discounted  
to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money. 

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised 
impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased, and if such an indication exists, the Company makes an estimate of the recoverable 
amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable 
amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. That 
increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised 
for the asset in prior years. 

g) Share-based payments 

The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognised as stock-based compensation expense, with a corresponding increase in 
contributed surplus over the vesting period. Each tranche granted is considered a separate grant with its own vesting period and grant date fair value. 
A forfeiture rate is estimated on the grant date and is adjusted to reflect the actual number of options that vest. 

h) Segment reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the senior operating decision-makers. The senior 
operating decision-makers have been identified as the Executive directors who, as a group, make strategic decisions regarding the Company. 

i) Provisions 

A provision is recognised, if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably,  
and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the 
expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. 
Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

4. Significant accounting policies (continued) 
j) Decommissioning obligations 

The Company’s activities can give rise to dismantling, decommissioning and site disturbance remediation activities. Provision is made for the estimated 
cost of site restoration and capitalised in the relevant asset category. 

Decommissioning obligations are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present 
obligation at the balance sheet date. Subsequent to the initial measurement, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the 
passage of time and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time  
is recognised as finance costs, whereas increases/decreases due to changes in the estimated future cash flows are capitalised. Actual costs incurred 
upon settlement of the asset retirement obligations are charged against the provision to the extent the provision is established. 

k) Revenue 

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods in the normal course of business. 

i)

Sale of goods 
Revenue from the sale of hydrocarbons is recognised when the Company has passed control of the hydrocarbons to the buyer, it is probable that 
economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company, the production service fee can be measured reliably, and the Company 
has no significant continuing involvement and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. This is when 
insurance risk has passed to the buyer and the goods have been collected at the agreed location. 

The performance obligation is satisfied when the hydrocarbons are delivered to the agreed location with the appropriate required documentation  
and the customer accepts control of the shipment by signature. Production service fees are based on published indices, with agreed contractual 
adjustments for quality, marketing fees, and other variables.  

ii) Provision of production services 

Revenue from the provision of production services is recognised when the Company has passed control of the produced hydrocarbons to the buyer,  
it is probable that economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company, the production service fee can be measured reliably, 
and the Company has no significant continuing involvement and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured 
reliably. This is when insurance risk has passed to the buyer and the goods have been collected at the agreed location. 

The performance obligation is satisfied when the produced hydrocarbons are delivered to the agreed location with the appropriate required 
documentation and the customer accepts control of the shipment by signature. Production services fees are based on published indices,  
with agreed contractual adjustments for quality, marketing fees, and other variables. 

iii) Royalties 

In the Arab Republic of Egypt, under the terms of the Company’s Production Sharing Contracts (“PSCs”), the state is entitled to a percentage  
in kind of hydrocarbons produced. The Company accounts for this production share as a royalty, netted against gross revenues.  

In the Kingdom of Morocco, under the terms of the Company’s Petroleum Agreement with the Moroccan state sales-based royalties become payable 
when certain inception-to-date production thresholds are reached, according to the terms of each exploitation concession. The Company nets these 
royalties against gross revenues.  

76 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

l)

Income tax 
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date,  
and any adjustment to the tax payable in respect of previous years.  

Pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Egyptian concession agreements, the corporate tax liability of the joint venture partners is paid by the 
government-controlled corporations (“Corporations”) out of the profit oil attributable to the Corporations, and not by the Company. For accounting 
purposes, the corporate taxes paid by the Corporations are treated as a benefit earned by the Company; the amount is included in net oil revenues 
and in income tax expense, therefore having a net neutral impact on reported net income. Income tax expense is recognised in each interim period 
based on the best estimate of the weighted average annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year.  

The Company also has a production service agreement in Egypt relating to Block-H Meseda. The Company’s subsidiary, SDX Energy Egypt (Meseda) 
Ltd, an Egyptian registered entity, is the SDX contracting party in this production service agreement. This entity pays Corporate tax based on its 
taxable income, according to this production service agreement, for the year using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

The Company’s Moroccan operations benefit from a 10-year corporation tax holiday from first production and no corporation tax is due on Moroccan 
profits as at 31 December 2019. 

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities 
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised on the initial recognition of assets or 
liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination. Deferred tax is also not recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial 
recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based 
on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally 
enforceable right to offset, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities,  
but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference 
can be used. 

m) Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to 
common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the effects of dilutive instruments, such as options 
granted to employees. 

n) Business combinations  

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. Assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination are recognised at their 
fair value at the date of the acquisition. Any excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recognised as an asset. Any 
excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired over the consideration paid is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

5. Determination of fair values  
Some of the Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value; for both financial and non-financial assets and 
liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the methods set out below. When applicable,  
further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

The different levels of financial instrument valuation methods have been defined as: 

Level 1 fair value measurements are based on unadjusted quoted market prices. 
Level 2 fair value measurements are based on valuation models and techniques where the significant inputs are derived from quoted indices. 
Level 3 fair value measurements are based on unobservable information.  

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, and loans and borrowings included  
in the consolidated balance sheet approximate to their fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments.  

The fair value of employee stock options is measured using Black-Scholes (non-market-based performance conditions) and Monte Carlo (market-based 
performance conditions) option pricing models. Measurement inputs include the share price on the measurement date, exercise price of the instrument, 
expected volatility based on the weighted average historic volatility (adjusted for changes expected as the result of publicly available information), the 
weighted average expected life of the instruments based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour, expected dividends, anticipated 
achievement of performance conditions, and the risk-free interest rate. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

6. Financial risk management  
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer, partner, or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual 
obligations and arises principally from the Company’s receivables from joint venture partners, oil and natural gas customers, and cash held with banks.  
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of the year is as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                               Carrying amount 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                                                                     11,054                    17,345  
Trade and other receivables (1)                                                                                                                                                                20,298                    23,689  
                                                                                                                                                                                                 31,352                    41,034  
Total

(1) excludes prepayments of US$1.6 million which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as trade and other receivables but which are not categorised as financial assets as summarised above (2018: US$0.6 million)              

a) Credit risk 

Trade and other receivables 
All the Company’s operations are conducted in Egypt and Morocco. The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual 
characteristics of each counter party. 

The Company applies the IFRS 9 simplified model for measuring the expected credit losses, which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance and are 
measured on the days past due criterion. Having reviewed past payments, combined with the credit profile of its existing trade debtors, to assess  
the potential for impairment, the Company has concluded that this is insignificant because there has been no history of default or disputes arising  
on invoiced amounts since inception. As a result, the credit loss percentage is assumed to be almost zero. No provision for doubtful accounts against 
these sales has been recorded as at 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018.  

The maximum exposure to credit risk for loans and receivables at the reporting date by type of customer was:  

                                                                                                                                                                                               Carrying amount 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Government of Egypt-controlled corporations                                                                                                                                       7,489                    14,846  
Government of Morocco-controlled corporations                                                                                                                                  3,909                      3,053  
Third-party gas customers                                                                                                                                                                       3,703                      2,715  
Joint venture partners                                                                                                                                                                             4,025                      1,761  
Other (1)                                                                                                                                                                                                    1,172                      1,314  
                                                                                                                                                                                                 20,298                    23,689  
Total 

(1) excludes prepayments of US$1.6 million which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as trade and other receivables but which are not categorised as financial assets as summarised above (2018: US$0.6 million) 

US$7.5 million of current receivables relates to oil, gas, and NGL sales and production service fees that are due from EGPC (2018: US$14.8 million),  
a Government of Egypt-controlled corporation. The Company expects to collect outstanding receivables of US$2.5 million for NW Gemsa (2018: 
US$10.0 million) and US$2.8 million for Block-H Meseda (2018: US$4.8 million), and US$2.2 million (2018:nil) for South Disouq in the normal  
course of operations. The Company has agreed with EGPC to offset its accounts receivable balance to fund capital expenditure, with US$17.9 million 
of South Disouq development expenditure and US$2.2 million of South Ramadan drilling costs offset during the year ended 31 December 2019.  

ONHYM, a Government of Morocco-controlled corporation, owes US$3.9 million, which relates to its outstanding share of well completion  
and connection costs, and production costs.  

US$3.7 million is owing from third-party gas customers in Morocco and is expected to be collected within agreed credit terms.  

Subsequent to 31 December 2019, the Company collected US$10.8 million of trade receivables from those outstanding at 31 December 2019; 
US$6.0 million from EGPC, US$0.7 million from EGAS (offset), US$0.5 million from ONHYM and US$3.6 million from third-party gas customers  
in Morocco. Of the US$6.0 million collected from EGPC, US$2.7 million was in cash and US$3.3 million was offset against South Disouq  
development costs and amounts owing to joint venture partners.  

The joint venture partner current accounts represent the net of monthly cash calls paid less billings received. At 31 December 2019, US$2.1 million 
was receivable from the joint venture partner in the South Disouq concession (2018: US$1.8 million), representing both billed and unbilled amounts, 
with US$1.8 million relating to an overcall from the joint venture partner in the NW Gemsa concession, which is expected to unwind as the Joint 
Venture’s accounts payable are paid down and US$0.1 million relating to an overcall from the joint venture partner in the South Ramadan concession.  

78 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

The other receivables of US$1.2 million consist of US$0.2 million for Goods and Services Tax (“GST”)/Value Added Tax (“VAT”), US$0.7 million  
for deposits, and US$0.3 million for other items. 

US$1.6 million related to prepayments predominantly associated with the South Disouq development and exploration drilling is recorded  
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

As at 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018, the Company’s trade and other receivables, other than prepayments, are aged as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                               Carrying amount 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Current (less than 90 days)                                                                                                                                                                    16,713                    14,805  
Past due (more than 90 days)                                                                                                                                                                 3,585                      8,884  
                                                                                                                                                                                                 20,298                    23,689  
Total 

Current trade and other receivables are unsecured and non-interest-bearing. The balances that are past due are not considered impaired. 

Current trade and other receivables past due (more than 90 days old) have decreased by US$5.3 million compared to 31 December 2018.  
This decrease is primarily owing to using aged receivables from EGPC to fund South Disouq development costs as per the discussion above.  

Cash and cash equivalents 
The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by investing only in liquid securities and only with highly rated counterparties. The Company’s cash  
and cash equivalents are currently held with established financial institutions with high credit ratings in either the countries of operation or the UK. 
Given these credit ratings, management does not expect any counterparty to fail to meet its obligations. 

b) Foreign currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The reporting and 
functional currency of the Company is United States dollars (“US$”). Most of the Company’s operations are in foreign jurisdictions and, as a result,  
the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk on some of its activities, primarily on exchange fluctuations between the Egyptian 
pound (“EGP”) and the US$, the Moroccan dirham (“MAD”) and the US$, and the British pound (“GBP”) and the US$. Most capital expenditures  
are incurred in US$, EGP and MAD, and oil, natural gas, NGL and service fee revenues are received in US$, EGP and MAD. The Company can use EGP 
and MAD to fund its Egyptian and Moroccan general and administrative expenses and to part-pay cash requirements for both capital and operating 
expenditure, thereby reducing the Company’s exposure to foreign exchange risk during the period. 

The table below shows the Company’s exposure to foreign currencies for its financial instruments: 

                                                        Total per FS(1)                       US$                        EGP                      MAD                        GBP                     Other 

As at 31 December 2019                                                                                                    US$ equivalent 
Cash and cash equivalents                                       11,054                      4,185                      1,493                      3,510                      1,796                           70  
Trade and other receivables (2)                                  20,298                    10,198                      2,048                      7,766                         257                           29  
Trade and other payables                                       (25,724)                 (17,453)                   (2,369)                   (4,775)                   (1,096)                        (31) 
Current income taxes                                                (1,484)                            -                     (1,413)                            -                          (71)                            - 
Balance sheet exposure                                          4,144                     (3,070)                      (241)                     6,501                         886                           68  

(1) FS denotes financial statements                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

(2) Excludes prepayments                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

6. Financial risk management (continued) 
b) Foreign currency risk (continued) 
The average exchange rates during the years ended 31 December 2019 and 2018 were: 

Average: 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019                                                           Average: 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 

                                            USD/EGP    USD/GBP   USD/MAD                                                                          USD/EGP    USD/GBP   USD/MAD 
Period average                                      16.7656         0.7838         9.6178                      Period average                               17.8191         0.7499         9.3893 

The exchange rates as at 31 December 2019 and 2018 were: 

Period end: 31 December 2019                                                                                      Period end: 31 December 2018 

                                            USD/EGP    USD/GBP   USD/MAD                                                                          USD/EGP    USD/GBP   USD/MAD 
Period end                                            15.9900         0.7585         9.5932                      Period end                                     17.8919         0.7812         9.5610 

c) Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The company’s approach to managing liquidity  
is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, 
without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the company’s reputation. 

Typically, the company ensures that it has sufficient cash on demand to meet expected operational expenses, including the servicing of financial obligations;  
this excludes the potential impact of extreme circumstances that cannot reasonably be predicted, such as natural disasters and political unrest. To achieve this 
objective, the company prepares annual capital expenditure budgets, which are regularly monitored and updated as considered necessary. Further, the company 
utilises authorisations for expenditures on projects to further manage capital expenditure and has a Board of Director approved signing authority matrix. 

The tables below analyse the group’s financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on their contractual maturities. The amounts disclosed in the 
table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant. 

                                                                                                                                          Between       Between                                  Total       Carrying 
                                                                                               Less than         6 to 12            1 and            2 and             Over   contractual        amount 
                                                                                               6 months         months         2 years         5 years         5 years    cash flows       liabilities 
Contractual maturities of financial liabilities                                       US$’000s     US$’000s     US$’000s     US$’000s     US$’000s     US$’000s     US$’000s 
At 31 December 2019 
Trade and other payables                                                                        25,724                   -                   -                   -                   -         25,724         25,724  
Decommissioning liability                                                                                  -               317                   -           5,554                   -           5,871           5,604  
Lease liability                                                                                                543               250               437               894                   -           2,124           1,627  
Total liabilities                                                                                       26,267               567               437           6,448                   -         33,719         32,955  

At 31 December 2018 
Trade and other payables                                                                        14,418                   -                   -                   -                   -         14,418         14,418  
Decommissioning liability                                                                                  -           1,125                                4,618                   -           5,743           5,167  
Total liabilities                                                                                          14,418           1,125                   -           4,618                   -         20,161         19,585  

7. Cash and cash equivalents  

                                                                                                                                                                                                 Carrying value 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Cash and bank balances                                                                                                                                                                          9,451                    15,809  
Restricted cash (1)                                                                                                                                                                                      1,603                      1,536  
Total cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                                                        11,054                    17,345 

(1) Cash collateral of US$1.6 million (2018: US$ 1.5 million) is held at the bank to cover bank guarantees for minimum work commitments on the Company's Moroccan concessions. These guarantees are subject to forfeiture in 

certain circumstances if the Company does not fulfil its minimum work obligations.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Inventory  

8.
During the year ended 31 December 2019, the inventory balance increased from US$5.2 million as at 31 December 2018 to US$8.0 million as at 31 December 2019. 
The increase is due to inventory additions of US$4.9 million for the Morocco drilling campaign, and further additions of US$1.5 million for the South Disouq 
development project and exploration drilling, which are partly offset by consumption of US$3.6 million in the year ended 31 December 2019. 

80 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

9. Property, plant and equipment  

                                                                                                                                                         Oil and gas                                                               
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                          properties                     Other                     Total 
Cost:
Balance at 31 December 2017                                                                                                                            91,575                         645                  92,220  

Additions                                                                                                                                                                14,288                         735                  15,023  
Balance at 31 December 2018                                                                                                                          105,863                      1,380                107,243  

Additions                                                                                                                                                                  5,387                         199                     5,586  
Transfer from exploration and evaluation assets                                                                                                   47,556                              -                  47,556  
Balance at 31 December 2019                                                                                                                          158,806                      1,579                160,385  

Accumulated depletion, depreciation, amortisation and impairment:               
Balance at 31 December 2017                                                                                                                           (37,599)                      (176)               (37,775) 

Depletion, depreciation and amortisation for the year                                                                                        (16,890)                      (378)                (17,268) 
Impairment expense                                                                                                                                                (3,520)                            -                   (3,520) 
Balance at 31 December 2018                                                                                                                           (58,009)                      (554)               (58,563) 

Depletion, depreciation and amortisation for the year                                                                                        (25,165)                      (435)                (25,600) 
Impairment expense                                                                                                                                                (8,327)                            -                   (8,327) 
Balance at 31 December 2019                                                                                                                           (91,501)                      (989)               (92,490) 

NBV Property, plant and equipment as at 31 December 2018                                                                            47,854                         826                  48,680  
NBV Property, plant and equipment as at 31 December 2019                                                                      67,305                         590                  67,895  

During the year ended 31 December 2019, the PP&E additions of US$5.6 million were predominantly related to capital expenditure for new customer 
connections and facilities (US$1.6 million) and compressors (US$0.9 million) in Morocco, well workovers in NW Gemsa (US$1.0 million) and drilling and 
well workovers in Block-H Meseda (US$1.1 million). US$1.0 million relates to the decommissioning asset for the South Disouq development project. 
Please refer to note 14 for further discussion. 

The reclassification of US$47.6 million from exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) assets primarily relates to US$37.3 million of costs incurred for the  
South Disouq development project, including associated 3D seismic costs, transferred to PP&E following commissioning and start-up of the CPF,  
and US$10.3 million relating to the cost of four wells (CDG-14, SAH-6, CDG-16 and SAH-4) drilled in Q4 2019 in Morocco that have been transferred  
to PP&E as commercial discoveries. 

Impairment assessment 
At the reporting date, management performed an impairment indicator assessment on its NW Gemsa asset and concluded that due to an underperforming 
asset and reduced oil price assumptions, the asset should be tested for impairment. 

The impairment test was carried out in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy stated in note 3. The recoverable amount of the field has been 
determined based on a value-in-use calculation. This calculation requires the use of estimates. The present values of future cash flows were computed by 
applying forecast prices for oil and gas reserves to estimated future production of proved and probable reserves. The present value of estimated future net 
revenues is computed using a discount factor of 12.5%. The discount rate used reflects the specific risks relating to the underlying cash generating unit. 

Based on this calculation for NW Gemsa an impairment of US$8.3 million has been recorded to bring the recoverable amount to nil as at 31 December 2019. 

The value in use calculation assumes Brent oil sales prices in US$/bbl as follows: 

                                                                      2020                       2021                       2022                       2023                       2024                       2025 
                                                                       44.0                        56.1                        57.2                        58.4                        59.5                        60.7 

The difference between the US$5.6 million of additions disclosed above and the US$25.7 million property, plant, and equipment expenditure in the 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is the result of the transfer of 2019 additions included in the assets transferred from E&E and the timing of 
payment of capital expenditure creditors.

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 81

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

10. Exploration and evaluation assets  

US$’000s 
Balance at 31 December 2017                                                                                                                                                                                           15,231  

Additions                                                                                                                                                                                                                               29,000  
Exploration and evaluation expense                                                                                                                                                                                      (5,103) 
Balance at 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                                                           39,128  

Additions                                                                                                                                                                                                                               37,403  
Transfer to property, plant and equipment                                                                                                                                                                         (47,556) 
Exploration and evaluation expense                                                                                                                                                                                    (10,255) 
Balance at 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                                                           18,720  

During the year ended 31 December 2019, E&E additions totalled US$37.4 million. US$20.4 million was related to the South Disouq development project, 
costs of the 2018 3D seismic and preparatory costs incurred ahead of the drilling of the SD6X (Salah) and SD12X (Sobhi) exploration wells in 2020. 
US$1.9 million of costs relating to the South Ramadan SRM-3 well were incurred during the period.  

Additions in Morocco of US$15.1 million relate primarily to the 2019/20 drilling campaign, the 2018/19 3D seismic campaign and other studies. 

Following the construction, commissioning and start-up of the South Disouq development project, US$37.3 million of capitalised E&E expenditure  
(wells, tie-ins, CPF, and allocated 3D seismic costs) were transferred to PP&E. A further US$10.3 million representing the costs of the four successful  
wells drilled in Q4 2019 were also transferred to PP&E. 

For the year ended 31 December 2019, exploration and evaluation expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income stood at  
US$11.4 million. Out of this, the following non-cash exploration and evaluation expenses amounting to US$10.3 million were: 
•

the write-off of the South Disouq 3D seismic data acquired in 2018/19 (US$3.7 million). Following review of the prospectivity of the area covered by 
this survey, in the southern area of the concession, it has been determined that there is insufficient time before the concession expires in 2020 to drill 
the identified prospects; 
the write-off of the capitalised expenditure relating to the South Ramadan asset. At the reporting date, management performed an assessment of 
discovered volumes and likely future capital and operating expenditure requirements for this concession which indicated that the Company’s historic 
capitalised expenditure will not be fully recovered. As such, a write off of US$5.1 million has been recognised to reflect the recoverable amount of this 
asset which has been valued at nil recoverable amount as at 31 December 2019; and  
the write-off of a non-commercial well, CGD-15, which was drilled in Q4 2019 during the 2019/20 Morocco drilling campaign (US$1.5 million).  

•

•

The difference between the US$37.4 million disclosed above and the US$5.6 million exploration and evaluation expenditure in the Consolidated 
Statement of Cash Flows is because of the 2019 additions included assets transferred to PPE and the timing of payment to capital expenditure creditors. 

82 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
 
 
 
 
  
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

11. Investments  
The Company owns a 50% equity interest in Brentford Oil Tools LLC (“Brentford”), an oilfield services business incorporated in Egypt, over which it 
exercises joint control. Brentford owns all the assets it uses to provide its services and is legally responsible for settling its liabilities. In the current and 
comparative period, Brentford has provided services only to its shareholders, but it is not contractually obliged to do so. In the past, it has contracted  
with third parties and continues to seek future opportunities. On the balance of facts, the Company has concluded that Brentford is a joint venture under 
IFRS 11-“Joint Arrangements” and the Company’s interest is equity accounted for. The investment is reviewed regularly for indicators of impairment.  
No impairment was identified for the years ended 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018. 

The following table summarises the changes in investments for the years ended 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                 Carrying value 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Investments, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                           3,394                      2,724  
Dividends received                                                                                                                                                                                     (639)                      (525) 
Share of operating income                                                                                                                                                                      1,161                      1,195  
Investments, end of period                                                                                                                                                                  3,916                      3,394  

The following table summarises the Company’s 50% interest in the assets, liabilities, revenue, and operating income of Brentford as at 31 December 2019 
and 31 December 2018: 

                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Total assets                                                                                                                                                                                               2,823                      2,454  
Total liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                              348                             9  
Revenue                                                                                                                                                                                                   1,915                      1,787  
Net income                                                                                                                                                                                             1,161                      1,195  

During the years ended 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018, 50% of Brentford’s revenue was earned from fees charged to the Company  
(2018: 50%) and 50% (2018: 50%) to the Company’s partner in the Block-H Meseda concession. 

12. Trade and other payables  

                                                                                                                                                                                               Carrying amount 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Trade payables                                                                                                                                                                                       11,634                      3,870  
Accruals                                                                                                                                                                                                    9,213                      3,747  
Joint venture partners                                                                                                                                                                             4,105                      5,409  
Other payables                                                                                                                                                                                            772                      1,392  
Total trade and other payables                                                                                                                                                          25,724                    14,418  

Trade payables comprise billed services and goods. As at 31 December 2019, they consisted predominantly of the Morocco drilling campaign creditors, 
royalties payable to the Moroccan government, and G&A creditors.  

The US$7.7 million increase in trade payables as at 31 December 2019 is mainly the result of the costs associated with the 2019/20 Moroccan drilling 
campaign and facilities. It was partly offset by payments made for South Disouq 3D seismic and development costs incurred in Q4 2018. 

Accruals include amounts for products and services received that have yet to be invoiced. US$5.5 million of the increase period-on-period reflects the value 
of work undertaken but not billed as at 31 December 2019 for the 2019/2020 Moroccan drilling campaign and for the South Disouq development project 
and 2020 exploration drilling. It is partly offset by invoiced and paid costs during the year that relate to transaction costs accrued as at 31 December 2018.  

Joint venture partners comprise partner current accounts of US$0.5 million for Block-H Meseda (2018: US$1.3 million) and US$3.6 million from ONHYM for 
the Morocco concessions (2018: US$3.3 million). The joint venture partner current accounts represent the net of monthly cash calls paid less billings received. 

Other payables of US$0.8 million comprise VAT payable of US$0.4 million (2018: US$0.7 million), an estimated liability of US$0.2 million related to the 
relinquishment of the Shukheir Marine concession (2018: US$0.5 million), and the remaining amount relates to employee costs accrued and other sundry creditors. 

The difference between the increase of US$11.3 million in trade and other payables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as at 31 December 2019  
and 31 December 2018 and the line item in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows pertaining to the decrease in trade and other payables of  
US$1.8 million relates to the timing differences between the receipt and payment of invoices to operational expenditure creditors. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

13. Deferred income  
Deferred income relates to an advance receipt for gas sales from a customer in Morocco. This payment was used to fund the tie-in of the customer’s 
manufacturing premises to the Company’s operated gas pipeline. The amount will be credited to the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
under the terms of an agreement with the customer by which the selling price of gas is discounted by 5% until the advance payment is fully recouped, 
which is expected to be during the first half of the year ended 31 December 2020. 

14. Decommissioning liability  
As at 31 December 2019, the total future undiscounted cash flows relating to Moroccan assets amounted to US$4.8 million, to be incurred up to 2023, 
and the liability was discounted using a risk-free rate of 3%. Decommissioning expenditure of US$0.3 million is anticipated within the next 12 months.  

Following the drilling of the exploration and appraisal wells at South Disouq, the Company has a present obligation to decommission these assets under 
the terms of the concession agreement. As part of the concession agreement, the Company also has to provide for decommissioning of the CPF for South 
Disouq. The total future undiscounted cash flows amounted to US$1.8 million, to be incurred in 2023, and the liability was discounted using a risk-free 
rate of 9.5%.  

The discounted value of the cash flows above amounts to US$5.6 million as at 31 December 2019 and is shown below: 

                                                                                                                                                                                               Carrying amount 
                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December          31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Decommissioning liability, beginning of period                                                                                                                                      5,167                      4,542  
Recognition of provision during the year                                                                                                                                                1,485                              -  
Changes in estimate                                                                                                                                                                                  (293)                        575  
Utilisation of provision                                                                                                                                                                              (808)                        (23) 
Accretion                                                                                                                                                                                                       53                           73  
Decommissioning liability, end of period                                                                                                                                           5,604                      5,167  
Of which: 
Current                                                                                                                                                                                                       317                      1,125  
Non-current                                                                                                                                                                                             5,287                      4,042  

No decommissioning liabilities are recorded for the Company’s other Egyptian assets under the terms of the respective concession agreements. 

15. Income tax-current and deferred 
According to the terms of the Company’s Egyptian Production Sharing Contracts (“PSCs”), the corporate tax liability of the joint venture partners is paid 
by the government-controlled corporations (“Corporations”) that participate in these PSCs, out of the profit oil attributable to the Corporations, and not 
by the Company. For accounting purposes however, the corporate taxes paid by the Corporations are treated as a benefit earned by the Company, with  
the amount being “grossed up” and included in net oil revenues and the income tax expense of the Company. 

The Company also has a Production Services Agreement (“PSA”) related to Block-H Meseda, with the legal title held by SDX Energy Egypt (Meseda) Ltd 
(“SDX Meseda”), an Egyptian incorporated entity. The Company is governed by the laws and tax regulations of the Arab Republic of Egypt and pays 
corporate taxes on the adjusted profit of SDX Meseda. 

The current income tax expense in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 relates to income tax  
on North West Gemsa’s PSC, South Disouq’s PSC and income tax relating to the Company’s PSA in Block-H Meseda. 

The current income tax liability of US$1.5 million in the Consolidated Balance Sheet relates to the Company’s PSA in Block H Meseda. 

The Company’s Moroccan operations benefit from a 10-year corporation tax holiday from first production and no such taxation is due on Moroccan  
profits as at 31 December 2019. 

84 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

The analysis of the expense for the year is as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Current tax                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Corporation tax charge on (loss)/income for the year                                                                                                                           5,707                      7,021 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods                                                                                                                                                       69                              - 
Total current tax                                                                                                                                                                                    5,776                      7,021 

Deferred tax                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Origination and reversal of temporary differences                                                                                                                                          -                              - 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods                                                                                                                                                          -                              - 
Total deferred tax                                                                                                                                                                                          -                              - 

Total tax expense                                                                                                                                                                                   5,776                      7,021  

The differences between the total tax charge shown above and the amount calculated by applying the standard rate of UK corporation tax to the 
(loss)/income before tax is detailed below. The tax assessed for the current and comparative year have different standard rate of corporation tax applied. 
The current year is the standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom of 19% and the comparative year represents the 2018 Canadian standard 
rate of corporation tax of 27%.  

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
(Loss)/income before income taxes                                                                                                                                                    (12,410)                    7,133  

Standard rate of corporation tax                                                                                                                                                               19%                        27% 

Expected income taxes                                                                                                                                                                           (2,358)                    1,926  

Adjustments:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Non-deductible items                                                                                                                                                                              7,499                         528  
Non-taxable gain on acquisition                                                                                                                                                                     -                           47  
Unrecognised income tax benefit                                                                                                                                                            1,811                      5,777  
Foreign tax differential                                                                                                                                                                           (1,176)                   (1,257) 

Total current and deferred income tax                                                                                                                                               5,776                      7,021  

The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities at 31 December 2019 and 2018 include the following: 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities):                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Investments                                                                                                                                                                                                 (14)                        (14) 
Property, plant and equipment                                                                                                                                                                 (448)                      (448) 
                                                                                                                                                                                                      172                         172  
Other

Deferred income tax liability                                                                                                                                                                      (290)                      (290) 

The Group has US$71.8 million of non-capital losses available at 31 December 2019 (2018: US$68.4 million) to shelter future taxable income, the majority 
of which were incurred in Canada and expire between 2026 and 2035. The Group has not recognised any deferred tax assets as at 31 December 2018 and 
2017 primarily relating to its Canadian business as it has determined that its deferred tax assets are not probable to be realised from current operations. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 85

 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

16. Share capital  
The share capital of the Group is represented by the share capital of the parent company, SDX Energy Plc. This company was incorporated  
on 20 March 2019 to act as the holding company of the Group, issuing 500,000 shares at the nominal value of £0.10. Prior to this date, the share capital 
of the Group was represented by the share capital of the previous parent, SDX Energy Inc..  

On 4 April 2019, the Company’s 500,000 issued shares of nominal value £0.10 were consolidated into 250,000 ordinary shares at a nominal value of £0.20 
per share. On 28 May 2019, the Company issued a further 204,473,041 shares to execute a share-for-share acquisition of the entire share capital of SDX 
Energy Inc., 204,723,041 shares in total. There were no changes in rights or proportion of control exercised as a result of this transaction. A merger reserve 
of US$37.0 million was created as a result of this transaction. The merger reserve represents the difference between the share capital of SDX Energy Inc. 
immediately prior to the share-for-share exchange and the share capital of SDX Energy Plc immediately after the share-for-share exchange.  

On 4 June 2019, the High Court of Justice Chancery Division made an order confirming the reduction of share capital of SDX Energy Plc pursuant to 
section 648 of the Companies Act 2006 by cancelling the paid up capital of the Company to the extent of 19 pence on each ordinary share of £0.20  
in the issued share capital of the Company (the “Capital Reduction”). As a result of the Capital Reduction, the nominal value of ordinary shares in the 
issued share capital of the Company is £0.01 each, with US$49.3 million transferred from share capital to retained earnings. There was no change  
in the number of the Company’s ordinary shares in issue. 

The purpose of the Capital Reduction was to restructure the issued share capital and reserves of the Company and to create distributable reserves  
to facilitate the payment of future dividends, when it becomes commercially prudent to do so. The Company’s retained earnings are not equal  
to its distributable profits.  

                                                                                                                             31 December 2019                               31 December 2018 
                                                                                                                               Number                                                  Number                                 
                                                                                                                             of shares         Stated value                 of shares           Stated value  
                                                                                                                                   (’000s)            (US$’000s)                    (’000s)             (US$’000s) 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                               204,723                    88,899                  204,493                    88,785  
Issue of common shares (less share issue costs)                                                                              -                              -                         230                         114  
Creation of merger reserve                                                                                                               -                  (37,034)                            -                              - 
Reduction of share capital                                                                                                                -                  (49,272)                            -                              - 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                       204,723                      2,593                  204,723                    88,899  
Weighted average shares outstanding                                                                                 204,723                                                 204,565                                 

The share-for-share exchange had no impact on the number of shares in issue.  

86 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

17. Stock-based compensation  
The stock-based compensation charge of US$0.2 million recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive income represents the IFRS 2 charge 
offset by a one-off release in 2019, which is associated with both the stock option plan and the Long-Term Incentive Plan described below. 

Stock option plan 
The Company has a stock option plan that entitles officers, directors, employees, and certain consultants to purchase shares in the Company. 

Stock-based compensation expense is the amortisation over the vesting period of the fair value of stock options granted to employees, directors,  
and key consultants of the Company. The fair value of all options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Each tranche  
of options in an award is considered a separate award with its own vesting period and grant date fair value. Compensation costs are expensed over  
the vesting period, with a corresponding increase in share-based payment reserve. When stock options are exercised, the cash proceeds and the  
amount previously recorded as contributed surplus are recorded as share capital. 

In the year to 31 December 2019, 106,667 options were cancelled and 853,333 options previously awarded lapsed. During 2018, 400,000 options 
previously awarded lapsed, 106,667 options were cancelled, and 230,001 options were exercised.  

On 28 May 2019, as part of the share-for-share exchange transaction between SDX Energy Inc. and SDX Energy Plc, each outstanding SDX Energy Inc. 
share option that was not duly exercised at that date was “rolled over” and following completion of the transaction entitled the holder to acquire the same 
number of SDX Energy Plc shares. The exercise price of each option was converted at the GBP/CAD rate prevailing on the date of the transaction.  

The number and weighted average exercise price of stock options for the Company’s stock option plan is as follows:  

                                                                                                                                                                                               Number  Weighted average 
                                                                                                                                                                                            of options          exercise price 
                                                                                                                                                                                                  (’000s)                   (GBP£) 
Outstanding 1 January 2018                                                                                                                                                                2,852                        0.38  
Lapsed during the year                                                                                                                                                                              (400)                       0.37  
Cancelled during the year                                                                                                                                                                          (107)                       0.45  
Exercised during the year                                                                                                                                                                          (230)                       0.39  
Outstanding 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                          2,115                        0.38  
Exercisable 31 December 2018                                                                                                                                                            1,795                        0.37  

Outstanding 1 January 2019                                                                                                                                                                2,115                        0.38  
Lapsed during the year                                                                                                                                                                              (853)                       0.37  
Cancelled during the year                                                                                                                                                                          (107)                       0.45  
Outstanding 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                          1,155                        0.38  
Exercisable 31 December 2019                                                                                                                                                               942                        0.37  

The exercise price range of the outstanding options under the stock option plan as at 31 December 2019 is between £0.21 and £0.45. 

Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) 
On 31 July 2017, the Company established a new Long-Term Incentive Plan and issued awards to its Executive Directors and certain other key employees. 
The Company recognises the need to ensure that Executive Directors and key employees from its operational, commercial, technical, and financial divisions, 
who are critical to executing the Company’s strategy over the next phase of its development, are retained and incentivised to generate long-term value  
for shareholders.  

The LTIP Awards and CSOP Options granted under the Plan take the form of a base award over a number of common shares. These awards will normally 
vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant of the awards, subject to meeting certain strategic, operational, financial, and shareholder return 
performance criteria and the continued employment of the participant. The awards for the Executive Directors are subject to a further two-year holding 
period from the date of vesting. There are clawback provisions contained in the rules of the Plan that can be applied to awards made to all participants. 

The number of common shares granted to Executive Directors, over which the LTIP Awards and CSOP Options may vest, can be increased by a multiple  
of up to one times, depending on the level of share price growth over the three-year period from the date of grant. The potential level of increased share 
awards is calculated as follows: 
•
•

If the share price growth in the three-year period is less than 11% pa, there will be no increase in the base award number of shares set out above; and 
If the share price growth in the three-year period is between 11% pa and 20% pa, the additional number of shares that vest will increase proportionately 
within this range, up to a cap of a multiple of one times the base award number of shares. This cap will be triggered at share price growth of 20% pa  
or more. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 87

 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

17. Stock-based compensation (continued) 
Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) (continued) 
The maximum number of shares that can vest for the current CEO and CFO is 2,234,707 and 134,083 respectively. The awards made to the former CEO 
were cancelled on his departure in Q2 2019, with the previously recognised expense credited to the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

On 28 May 2019, as part of the share-for-share exchange transaction between SDX Energy Inc. and SDX Energy Plc, any option granted under LTIP 
Awards and CSOP Options by SDX Energy Inc. were replaced with new options in SDX Energy Plc. There were no changes in the vesting conditions  
from the previous awards.  

Based on grants to 7 April 2020, the maximum potential number of common shares that can vest to the executive directors and other selected employees 
under the LTIP were, in aggregate, 4,430,812. All these options are outstanding as at 31 December 2019 and 7 April 2020, but none have vested.  

The number of ordinary shares that may be issued or reserved for issuance under the awards granted pursuant to the LTIP, together with all common 
shares that may be issued under options granted pursuant to the Company’s stock option plan, may not exceed 10% of the Company’s issued and 
outstanding common shares at the time of grant.  

18. Revenue, net of royalties  

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
NW Gemsa oil sales revenue                                                                                                                                                                  29,794                    42,260  
Royalties                                                                                                                                                                                               (12,787)                 (18,137) 
Net oil revenue                                                                                                                                                                                    17,007                    24,123  

Block-H Meseda production service fee revenues                                                                                                                                14,390                    14,185  

South Disouq gas sales revenue                                                                                                                                                              3,735                              - 
Royalties                                                                                                                                                                                                 (1,270)                            - 
Net South Disouq gas revenue                                                                                                                                                                2,465                              - 

Morocco gas sales revenue                                                                                                                                                                    18,258                    14,614  
Royalties                                                                                                                                                                                                    (736)                      (334) 
Net Morocco gas sales revenue                                                                                                                                                             17,522                    14,280  

Net other products revenue                                                                                                                                                                    1,849                      1,091  

Total net revenue before tax                                                                                                                                                              53,233                    53,679  

The oil sales revenue and royalties and net other products revenue relate to the NW Gemsa concession, which is governed by an Egyptian PSC.  
The royalties are those attributable to the government, taken in accordance with the fiscal terms of the PSC.  

The production service fees relate to Block-H Meseda, which is governed by an Egyptian PSA. 

The Company sells gas production from the South Disouq concession to the Egyptian national gas company, EGAS, at a fixed price of US$2.65 MMbtu,  
which equates to approximately US$2.85/Mcf. The royalties are those attributable to the government, taken in accordance with the fiscal terms of the PSC. 

The Moroccan gas sales revenue is derived from a Petroleum Agreement with the Moroccan state. Sales-based royalties become payable when certain 
inception-to-date production thresholds are reached, according to the terms of each exploitation concession. During Q3 2018, natural gas production 
from the Ksiri exploitation concession exceeded such a threshold, resulting in the recognition of royalties amounting to 5% of revenue from this 
concession from that point forward. Royalty payments are made directly to the Government of Morocco biannually.  

88 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

19. General and administrative expenses 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Wages and employee costs                                                                                                                                                                      7,678                      6,433  
Consultants-inc. PR/IR                                                                                                                                                                               570                         544  
Legal fees                                                                                                                                                                                                    401                         272  
Audit, tax and accounting services                                                                                                                                                             761                         968  
Public company fees                                                                                                                                                                                   652                         602  
Travel
                                                                                                                                                                                                       252                         348  
Office expenses                                                                                                                                                                                           391                      1,051  
IT expenses                                                                                                                                                                                                 545                         426  
Service recharges                                                                                                                                                                                    (6,257)                   (5,829) 
Ongoing general and administrative expenses                                                                                                                                       4,993                      4,815  
Transaction costs                                                                                                                                                                                      1,079                      2,455  
Total net G&A                                                                                                                                                                                         6,072                      7,270  

The average monthly number of employees (including executive directors) was 66 (2018: 65).    
Their aggregate remuneration comprised: 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Wages and salaries                                                                                                                                                                                   4,197                      3,987  
Social security costs                                                                                                                                                                                    507                         401  
Other pension costs                                                                                                                                                                                    167                         193  
                                                                                                                                                                                                   4,871                      4,581 
Total

The fees payable to the company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of the company’s annual accounts are as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
The audit of the company                                                                                                                                                                          114                              - 
The audit of subsidiaries                                                                                                                                                                             163                         220 
Total audit fees                                                                                                                                                                                         277                         220  

Taxation compliance services                                                                                                                                                                        54                         113 
Corporate finance services                                                                                                                                                                            78                              - 
Other services                                                                                                                                                                                                20                           25  
Total non-audit fees                                                                                                                                                                                 152                         138 

20. (Loss)/income per share 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Net (loss)/income before comprehensive income for the period                                                                                                       (18,186)                        112  

Weighted average amount of shares                                                                                                                                                                                                 
- Basic                                                                                                                                                                                                204,723                  204,513  
- Diluted                                                                                                                                                                                               204,723                  206,640  

Per share amount                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
- Basic
                                                                                                                                                                                               $(0.089)                  $0.001 
- Diluted                                                                                                                                                                                               $(0.089)                  $0.001

Basic income/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing the income attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares in issue during the period. Diluted per share information is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to 
assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. The Company computes the dilutive impact of common shares by assuming that the proceeds 
received from the pro forma exercise of in-the-money stock options or warrants are used to purchase common shares at average market prices. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                                                              
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

21. Segmental reporting 
The Company’s operations are managed on a geographic basis, by country. The Company is engaged in one business of upstream oil and gas exploration 
and production. The Executive Directors are the Company’s chief operating decision maker within the meaning of IFRS 8.  

                                                                                                 Year ended 31 December 2019                                         Year ended 31 December 2018 

US$’000s                                                                                          Egypt        Morocco  Unallocated(1)              Total             Egypt         Morocco  Unallocated(1)               Total 
Revenue                                                                             35,711         17,522                   -         53,233         39,399         14,280                   -         53,679  

Direct operating expense                                                  (11,990)        (1,910)                  -        (13,900)       (10,599)         (1,335)                  -        (11,934) 

Netback (pre tax)                                                             23,721         15,612                   -         39,333         28,800         12,945                   -         41,745  

General and administrative expenses                                    (516)        (1,683)        (3,873)        (6,072)            (389)         (1,375)         (5,506)         (7,270) 
Stock-based compensation                                                         -                   -             (178)            (178)                  -                   -          (1,194)         (1,194) 
Share of profit from joint venture                                        1,161                   -                   -           1,161           1,195                   -                   -           1,195  
Bad debt expense                                                                        -                   -                   -                   -                   -             (123)                  -             (123) 
Release of historic operational tax provision                               -                   -                   -                   -                   -               300                   -               300  
Inventory write-off                                                                       -                   -                   -                   -                   -             (370)                  -             (370) 
Gain on sale of office asset                                                          -                   -                   -                   -                 23                   -                   -                 23  

EBITDAX                                                                            24,366         13,929          (4,051)        34,244         29,629         11,377          (6,700)        34,306  

Exploration and evaluation expense                                   (8,739)        (1,516)        (1,172)      (11,427)         (1,727)         (3,478)            (539)         (5,744) 
Depletion, depreciation and amortisation                        (11,423)      (14,098)            (774)      (26,295)         (9,489)         (7,269)            (510)       (17,268) 
Impairment expense                                                           (8,327)                  -                   -          (8,327)         (3,520)                  -                   -          (3,520) 

Operating (loss)/income                                                 (4,123)        (1,685)        (5,997)      (11,805)        14,893               630          (7,749)          7,774  

(1) Unallocated expenditure, assets and liabilities include amounts of a corporate nature and not specifically attributable to a geographical segment. 

The segment assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018 are as follows: 

                                                                                                    31 December 2019                                                          31 December 2018 

US$’000s                                                                                          Egypt        Morocco  Unallocated(1)              Total             Egypt         Morocco  Unallocated(1)               Total 
Segment assets                                                                   62,327         62,174           8,517       133,018         74,442         48,399         15,266       138,107  
Segment liabilities                                                               (7,730)      (25,133)        (2,124)      (34,987)         (7,229)       (11,227)         (3,612)       (22,068) 

(1) Unallocated expenditure, assets and liabilities include amounts of a corporate nature and not specifically attributable to a geographical segment. 

22. Commitments and contingencies 
Pursuant to the concession and production service fee agreements in Egypt and Morocco, the Company is required to perform certain minimum 
exploration and development activities that include the drilling of exploration and development wells. These obligations have not been provided  
for in the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

In Morocco, the commitments are for one exploration well in Lalla Mimouna Sud and the acquisition of 50km2 of 3D seismic data, and one exploration 
well, the acquisition of 100km2 of 3D seismic data, and the re-processing of 150km of 2D seismic data in Moulay Bouchta Ouest. The estimated cost  
of these commitments is US$8.2 million. 

In Egypt, there were no remaining commitments as at 31 December 2019.  

The Group operates in several countries and, accordingly, it is subject to the various tax and legal regimes in the countries in which it operates. From time 
to time, the Group is subject to a review of its related tax filings and in connection with such reviews, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the 
interpretation or application of certain rules to the Group’s business conducted within the country involved. If the Group is unable to resolve any of these 
matters favourably, there may be an adverse impact on the Group’s financial performance, cash flows or results of operations. This may also be the case for 
any legal claims that the Group is required to defend. In the event that management’s estimate of the future resolution of these matters changes, the 
Group will recognise the effects of the changes in its consolidated financial statements in the period that such changes occur. 

There are no contingencies as at 31 December 2019. 

90 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

23. Leases 
Note 3 explains the changes and new accounting policy introduced on 1 January 2019, resulting from the adoption of the new accounting standards  
IFRS 16 Leases. 

The Group has entered into various fixed-term leases, mainly for properties and vehicles.  

a) Amounts recognised in the balance sheet  
The lease liability recorded on 1 January 2019 was US$2.1 million and the right-of-use assets were US$2.2 million.  

The right-of-use assets at 1 January 2019 by underlying class of asset comprise the following: 

US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1 January 2019 
Properties                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1,971  
Motor vehicles                                                                                                                                                                                                                            186  
Others                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          45  
Total right-of-use assets (1)                                                                                                                                                                                                  2,202  

(1) Right of use assets were higher than the lease liability at the date of implementation of IFRS 16 by US$0.1 million due to adjustments made for prepayments and accrued lease payments recognised at 31 December 2018.          

The lease liability as at 31 December 2019 and 1 January 2019 is as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                     31 December               1 January  
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2019 
Current                                                                                                                                                                                                        506                         587  
Non-current                                                                                                                                                                                             1,121                      1,523  
Total lease liabilities                                                                                                                                                                              1,627                      2,110  

Previous disclosures of operating lease commitments were limited to the non-cancellable operating lease of the office premises in London.  
Reconciliation of lease commitment disclosed on 31 December 2018, and lease liability recorded on 1 January 2019 is as follows: 

US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1 January 2019 
Disclosed undiscounted future minimum lease payments under operating leases at 31 December 2018                                                                              355  
Impact of discounting                                                                                                                                                                                                                 (81) 
Liabilities additionally recognised based on the initial application of IFRS 16 as of 1 January 2019                                                                                   1,836  
Total lease liability                                                                                                                                                                                                                2,110  

There was no net impact on retained earnings upon implementation of IFRS 16 on 1 January 2019. 

The maturity analysis of the lease liability at 31 December 2019 is as follows: 

US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                           31 December 2019 
Less than one year                                                                                                                                                                                                                      506  
Between one and two years                                                                                                                                                                                                       349  
Between two and three years                                                                                                                                                                                                     256  
Between three and four years                                                                                                                                                                                                    169  
Between four and five years                                                                                                                                                                                                       345  
After five years                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2  
Total lease liability                                                                                                                                                                                                                1,627  

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 
(tabular amounts are in thousands of United States dollars except where stated)

23. Leases (continued) 
b) Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss 

The right-of-use assets at 31 December 2019 amounted to US$1.7 million and the depreciation charge for the 12 months ended 31 December 2019 
amounted to US$0.7 million and is shown below by underlying class of asset: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         31 December                   Year ended 
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2019           31 December 
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                  Carrying value                       2019 
Properties                                                                                                                                                                                                 1,431                         561  
Motor vehicles                                                                                                                                                                                             241                         106  
                                                                                                                                                                                                        15                           30  
Others 
                                                                                                                                                                                                   1,687                         697  
Total

The lease liability at 31 December 2019 was US$1.6 million. The corresponding interest expense for the year ended 31 December 2019 amounts  
to US$0.2 million. The portion of the lease payments recognised as a reduction of the lease liabilities and as a cash outflow from financing activities  
for the year ended 31 December 2019 amounted to US$0.8 million.  

The Company accounts for the expense of short-term leases of 12 months or less and underlying assets of low-value leases on a straight-line basis over 
the lease term. The expense for the year ended 31 December 2019 related to these leases amounted to US$0.3 million and US$0.01 million, respectively. 

24. Related party transactions 
All subsidiaries and joint arrangements (Brentford Oil Tools) are listed below. A list of the investments in subsidiary undertakings (all of whose operations 
comprise one class of business, being oil and gas exploration, development and production), including the name, proportion of ownership interest, 
country of operation and country of registration, is given below. 

                                                                                     Percentage                            Country of                                                                      Registered 
Name
                                                                                      ownership                              operation                                                                           address 
SDX Energy Holdings (UK) Limited                                                   100%                                      U.K.                 38, Welbeck street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Inc                                                                                  100%                                 Canada              1900, 520-3rd Avenue SW, Centennial Place,  
                                                                                                                                                                                East Tower, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0R3 
Sea Dragon Energy (UK) Limited                                                      100%                                      U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Investments (UK) Ltd                                                    100%                                      U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Morocco (UK) Ltd                                                          100%                                      U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Cooperatieve U.A.                                                          100%                          Netherlands                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy Holding B.V.                                                       100%                          Netherlands                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Egypt (Nile Delta) B.V.                                                   100%                                    Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (GOS) B.V.                                                          100%                                    Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (Nile) B.V.                                                           100%                                    Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (NW Gemsa) B.V.                                                100%                                    Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy Holding Ltd.                                                       100%             British Virgin Islands              Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, P.O. Box 
                                                                                                                                                                3140, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
NPC (Shukheir Marine) Ltd                                                               100%                                    Egypt                             Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1,  
                                                                                                                                                                                   P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                           British Virgin Islands 
NPC (South Ramadan) Ltd                                                                100%                                    Egypt                             Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1,  
                                                                                                                                                                                   P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                           British Virgin Islands 
Madison International Oil & Gas Ltd                                                 100%                              Barbados                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
Madison Egypt Oil & Gas Ltd                                                            100%                                    Egypt                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
Madison Cameroon Oil & Gas Ltd                                                     100%                             Cameroon                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
SDX Energy Egypt (Meseda) Ltd                                                       100%                                    Egypt                       10, Road 261, New Maadi, Cairo, Egypt 
SDX Energy Morocco (Jersey) Ltd                                                     100%                               Morocco            P.O. Box 771, Ground Floor, Colomberie Close, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  St.Helier, Jersey 
Limerick Services SARL                                                                      100%                               Morocco     2 Rue Ghazaoua la pinède Souissi, Rabat, Morocco 
SDX Energy Egypt (Jersey) Ltd                                                         100%                                    Egypt            P.O. Box 771, Ground Floor, Colomberie Close, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  St.Helier, Jersey 
Brentford Oil Tools                                                                                50%                                    Egypt               7 Nazeh Khalifa st., El Korba, Misr El Gadiga, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Cairo, Egypt 

92 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Compensation of key management personnel 
The remuneration of directors and other key management personnel during the years ended 31 December 2019 and 2018 was as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                        Year ended 31 December            
US$’000s                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019                       2018 
Salaries, incentives and short term benefits                                                                                                                                            1,253                         892  
Directors’ fees                                                                                                                                                                                             199                         214  
Stock based compensation                                                                                                                                                                         400                         996  
Total compensation                                                                                                                                                                               1,852                      2,102  

Key management personnel have been identified as the Non-Executive directors and executive officers of the Company. The executive officers include  
the CEO and CFO.  

In the year ended 31 December 2019, termination benefits of US$0.6 million were paid to Paul Welch, the previous Chief Executive Officer and are 
included in the table above. 

26. Subsequent events 
On 7 January 2020, the Company announced that the South Disouq 2P reserves had been upgraded to gross 89 BCFE, as a result of the 2019 reprocessed 
3D seismic data providing a better understanding of the structure and distribution of the reservoir around the production wells. The upgrade represented 
an increase of 35% from gross 66 BCFE as included in the Company’s 31 December 2018 reserve audit. 

On 28 January 2020, the Company announced that the OYF-2 well in Morocco had been drilled to a measured depth of 1,210 metres and has 
encountered commercial quantities of gas in excess of pre-drill estimates. The discovery will be tied into the Company’s infrastructure when required,  
at an estimated cost of approximately US$2.0 million net to SDX.  

On 7 February 2020, the Company announced the appointment of Catherine Stalker as independent Non-Executive Director effective 6 February 2020. 

On 4 March 2020, the Company announced the BMK-1 discovery which had been drilled to a measured depth of 1,551 metres and has encountered 
commercial quantities of gas in both target horizons in line with pre-drill estimates. However, due to down-hole issues, only the upper target was wireline 
logged and will be completed.  

It was also announced that the SD-6X (Salah) exploration well at South Disouq, Egypt had been drilled to a total depth of 3,167 metres. The well 
encountered 1.7 metres of net gas bearing sand in the Kafr El Sheikh formation, 1.0 metre of net gas bearing sand in the Abu‐Madi formation which has 
143 metres of high quality net reservoir and 258 metres of high quality net reservoir in the Qawasim formation. The gas sands in both the Kafr El Sheikh 
and Abu Madi were deemed to be sub-economic and the Qawasim has low gas saturation. The cost of the well will be expensed to the Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

On 10 March 2020, the Company announced that the Rabul-3 development well in the West Gharib Concession in Egypt had been drilled to a total depth 
of 1,709 metres and encountered approximately 39 metres of net heavy oil pay across the Yusr and Bakr formations. The well will be completed as a 
producer in March 2020, connected to the central processing facilities at Meseda and is expected to be brought on-line at an average stabilised rate of 
approximately 300 bbl/d, which is at the upper end of pre-drill expectations. 

The outbreak of novel COVID-19 in early 2020 has affected business and economic activity around the world, including certain countries in which we 
operate. The Group considers this outbreak to be a non-adjusting post balance sheet event as of 31 December 2019. Given the spread of COVID-19,  
the range of potential outcomes for the global economy are difficult to predict at this point in time. 

In late March 2020, the Company was notified by three of its Moroccan gas customers that they were temporarily closing down operations as a result of 
the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses. These three customers account for approximately 50% of the revenues of the Moroccan businesses. Whilst 
consumption by the Company’s other customers is unaffected by COVID-19 at the time of issuance, such is the seriousness and unpredictability of the 
situation, there is no certainty that further disruptions will be avoided in the future. Given the low operating and G&A cash costs of running the Moroccan 
operation, the business is cash flow positive at 20% of current consumption levels, with no remedial actions put in place. Management will continue to 
monitor activity at the Company’s customers. At the time of issuance, COVID-19 had not impacted production operations in Egypt. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Independent Auditors’ Report-Company 
to the members of SDX Energy Plc

Report on the audit of the parent company financial statements 

Opinion 
In our opinion, SDX Energy Plc’s company financial statements (the “financial statements”): 
•
•

Give a true and fair view of the state of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2019; 
Have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards, comprising FRS 102  
“The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland”, and applicable law); and 
Have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

•

We have audited the financial statements, included within the Annual Report, which comprise: the Parent Company Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2019; the Parent Company 
Statement of Changes in Equity for the period then ended; and the Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements, which include a description of the significant accounting policies. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under ISAs (UK) are further described  
in the Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to  
provide a basis for our opinion. 

Independence 
We remained independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, which includes the  
FRC’s Ethical Standard, as applicable to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

Our audit approach 
Overview 

Materiality

                                                  Materiality                                •      Overall materiality: £188,000 based on 1% of total assets. 

                                                  Audit scope                              •      A full scope audit has been completed based on the above overall  
                                                                                                             materiality threshold. 

Audit scope

                                                  Key audit matters                    •      Carrying value of investment in subsidiaries 
                                                                                                    •      Impact of COVID-19 

Key audit  
matter

The scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In particular, we looked at where the directors made 
subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all 
of our audits we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of 
material misstatement due to fraud. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in the auditors’ professional judgement, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and include  
the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) identified by the auditors, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit 
strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters, and any comments we make on the results of our procedures thereon, 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is 
not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit. 

94 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                   
                                                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matter 
Carrying value of the investment in subsidiaries following the SDX Energy Group  
(“the Group”) restructure 
Refer to note 6 Investments in subsidiaries. 

The carrying value of the parent company’s investments in subsidiaries was £40.9 million 
at 31 December 2019. This represents 99% of the parent company’s total assets. We 
focused on this area due to the material nature of the balance. 

During the year SDX Energy Inc. delisted from the Canadian Stock Exchange and listed  
on the Alternative Investment Market by incorporating a UK company, SDX Energy Plc.  
As part of the Group restructure, SDX Energy Plc became the listed holding company of 
the SDX Energy Group, resulting in the recognition of an investments in subsidiaries with 
a carrying value of £40.9 million. 

Impact of COVID-19 
Refer to page 28 Financial review, note 2 (e) Basis of preparation of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements and note 1 Basis of preparation of the Parent Company Financial 
statements. 

Management has considered the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the SDX Energy 
Group’s future oil and gas sales and specifically the parent company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern. The virus may result in a sustained low oil price and short term decline 
in oil and gas demand from customers which negatively impacts future cash inflows and 
the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

Having assessed the possible impact of COVID-19 on the Group, the Directors have 
prepared the financial statements of the parent company on a going concern basis and 
believe this assumption remains appropriate. 

How our audit addressed the key audit 
We have obtained management’s assessment over whether the carrying value of the 
investments in subsidiaries is supportable. This included comparing the fair value of  
each entity with the carrying value of the parent company investments. Fair values were 
derived from a combination of the subsidiary net assets and the fair value of subsidiaries 
oil and gas properties based on the group impairment model. 

We have reviewed managements accounting treatment of the Group restructure,  
the capital reduction as a result of the Group restructure and the recognition of the 
investments in subsidiaries. 

Based on the procedures performed we concur with management that the carrying  
value of the investment in subsidiaries, following the Group restructure, of £40.9 million  
is supportable. 

With reference to the basis of going concern key audit matter, we have evaluated the 
Directors’ assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the Group and parent company by: 
•

For oil sales, challenged the key inputs of an oil price of US$30/bbl in the short term 
and US$35/bbl in the longer term; 
For gas sales, reviewed key contracts with Moroccan customers which supports fixed 
priced nature of the gas sales and the minimum quantities of production on a “take 
or pay” basis; 
For both oil and gas sales, we have performed further sensitivity analysis to assess 
the impact on the cash flows resulting from a decline in production in the short term; 
Considered the financial condition of the Group’s customers and the impact of a 
delay in their payments on the Group’s cashflows; and  

•

•

•

• We have evaluated the completeness and appropriateness of management’s  

going concern disclosures in the financial statements related to the impact  
of the COVID-19 virus. 

From the evidence obtained we concluded that the financial statements appropriately 
reflect the effects of COVID-19 on the parent company.  

Our conclusions relating to going concern are set out in the “Conclusions relating to going 
concern” section below. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Independent Auditors’ Report-Company 
to the members of SDX Energy Plc

How we tailored the audit scope 
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure  
of the parent company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which it operates. 

Materiality 
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations,  
helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and in  
evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole. 

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: 

Overall materiality                                                                      £188,000 

How we determined it                                                               1% of total assets. 

Rationale for benchmark applied                                              We believe that total assets is the primary measure used by the shareholders in assessing the performance of the entity, and 

is a generally accepted auditing benchmark. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above £9,400 as well as misstatements below that amount that,  
in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
ISAs (UK) require us to report to you when:  
•
•

The directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or  
The directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the parent company’s ability to continue  
to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the above matters. 

However, because not all future events or conditions can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

Reporting on other information  
The other information comprises all of the information in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our auditors’ report thereon. The directors are responsible for the 
other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion or, except to the extent otherwise 
explicitly stated in this report, any form of assurance thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify an apparent material inconsistency  
or material misstatement, we are required to perform procedures to conclude whether there is a material misstatement of the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing 
to report based on these responsibilities. 

With respect to the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report, we also considered whether the disclosures required by the UK Companies Act 2006 have been included. 

Based on the responsibilities described above and our work undertaken in the course of the audit, ISAs (UK) require us also to report certain opinions and matters as described below. 

Strategic Report and Directors’ Report 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2019  
is consistent with the financial statements and has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we did not identify any material misstatements  
in the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report. 

96 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit 
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements 
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities set out on page 59, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with 
the applicable framework and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. The directors are also responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative 
but to do so. 

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue  
an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always 
detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the FRC’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part 
of our auditors’ report. 

Use of this report 
This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the parent company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and 
for no other purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands 
it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing. 

Other required reporting 
Companies Act 2006 exception reporting 
Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: 
• We have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or 
•

Adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate  
for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
Certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
The financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns. 

•
•

We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility. 

Other matter 
We have reported separately on the group financial statements of SDX Energy Plc for the year ended 31 December 2019. 

Richard Spilsbury  
(Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors 
Aberdeen 
7 April 2020 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Parent Company Balance Sheet 
As at 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           As at  
                                                                                                                                                                                                             31 December 
                                                                                                                                                                                             Note                      2019 

£’000s
Fixed assets 
Investments in subsidiaries                                                                                                                                                                             6                   40,945  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         40,945  
Current assets                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
Cash at bank and in hand                                                                                                                                                                                                            29  
Debtors: amounts falling due within one year                                                                                                                                               7                           75  
Amounts owed from group companies                                                                                                                                                          8                        169  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              273  
Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year                                                                                                                                                                        
Creditors
                                                                                                                                                                                                   9                       (279) 
Amounts owed to group companies                                                                                                                                                             10                    (2,133) 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         (2,412) 

Net current liabilities                                                                                                                                                                                                             (2,139) 

Net assets                                                                                                                                                                                                                          38,806  

Capital and reserves                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
Called-up share capital                                                                                                                                                                                  11                     2,097  
Share-based payment reserve                                                                                                                                                                                                   451  
Retained earnings                                                                                                                                                                                                                 36,258  

Shareholders’ funds                                                                                                                                                                                                           38,806  

As a Consolidated income statement is published in this Annual Report, a separate income statement for the Company is not presented within these 
financial statements as permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006. The Company reported a loss for the period of £2.6 million 

The Company financial statements on pages 98 to 106 of SDX Energy Plc registered number 11894102 were approved by the Board of Directors  
on 7 April 2020 and signed on their behalf by: 

Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer and Director 
7 April 2020 

98 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Parent Company Statement of Changes in Equity 
For the nine month period ended 31 December 2019

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nine months ended  
                                                                                                                                                                                                              31 December 
                                                                                                                                                                                             Note                      2019 

£’000s
Share capital 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                                                         -  
Issuance of common shares                                                                                                                                                                          11                           50  
Share-for-share exchange                                                                                                                                                                             11                   40,944  
Capital reduction                                                                                                                                                                                           11                  (38,897) 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                                                            2,097  

Share-based payment reserve 
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                                                         -  
Share-based compensation for the period                                                                                                                                                                                451  
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                                                               451  

Retained earnings  
Balance, beginning of period                                                                                                                                                                                                         -  
Capital reduction                                                                                                                                                                                           11                   38,897  
Total comprehensive loss for the period                                                                                                                                                                               (2,639) 
Balance, end of period                                                                                                                                                                                                         36,258  

Total equity                                                                                                                                                                                                                         38,806  

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 99

 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 

1. Accounting policies 
Basis of preparation 
The Parent Company financial statements of SDX Energy Plc (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 as they apply to the 
Company for the nine-month period ended 31 December 2019, and with the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements were approved by the Board 
and authorised for issue on 7 April 2020. SDX Energy Plc is a public limited company incorporated, registered in England and Wales and is listed on the 
Alternative Investment Market (AIM). 

The Company has been incorporated on 20 March 2019 with a year end of 31 December 2019 in order to act as the ultimate holding company  
of its subsidiaries. This is the Company’s first set of financial statements presented for a nine-month period. 

The Company’s financial statements are presented in UK pound sterling and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (£000) except when  
otherwise indicated. 

As a Consolidated income statement is published in this Annual Report, a separate income statement for the Company is not presented within these 
financial statements as permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006. The Company reported a loss for the period of £2.6 million. 

The Company meets the definition of a qualifying entity under FRS 102 and has therefore taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions available to it in 
respect of its separate financial statements, which are presented alongside the consolidated financial statements. Exemptions have been taken in relation 
to share-based payments, financial instruments, presentation of a cash flow statement and remuneration of key management personnel. 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. The policies have been consistently applied 
throughout the period, unless otherwise stated. 

Basis of measurement 
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis. 

Going concern 
The financial statements have been prepared using the going concern basis of accounting. Although the Company is in a net current liability position,  
the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources and the ability to loan from its subsidiaries or defer payment  
of its amounts owed to group companies in order to settle its debts as they become due. 

The Company directors have reviewed the Company and its subsidiaries forecasted cash flows for the next 12 months from the date of publication of these 
Financial Statements. The directors have considered the impact on the forecasted cash flows of the low oil price environment and potential impact on 
demand resulting from the COVID-19 virus. In addition, the directors have considered the counterparty credit risk as a result of the low oil price and 
COVID-19 virus. The directors have performed sensitivities on these forecasted cash flows and considered that the Company subsidiaries’ underlying long-
term fixed-price contracts in Gharb Basin gas fields in Morocco and South Disouq in Egypt mitigated the potential risk on going concern of the Company. 

Therefore, after making appropriate enquiries and considering the risks described above, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company 
has adequate resources to continue in existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation of the financial statements. 

2. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 
The key assumption concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the balance sheet date, that has a significant risk of causing 
a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities is the recoverable value of investment in subsidiaries. The Company evaluates 
investments in subsidiaries for indicators of impairment if required. Any impairment test, where required, involves estimates and associated assumptions 
related to several factors. Refer to the accounting policy as described in note 3. 

100 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Significant accounting policies 
Foreign currency translation: 
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets  
and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to GBP at the period end exchange rate. 

Financial instruments: 
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument  
is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. 

(i) Financial assets and liabilities 

All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at transaction price (including transaction costs), except for those financial assets classified  
as at fair value through profit or loss, which are initially measured at fair value (which is normally the transaction price excluding transaction costs), 
unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction. If an arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, the financial asset or financial 
liability is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument. 

Financial assets and liabilities are only offset in the statement of financial position when, and only when there exists a legally enforceable right  
to set off the recognised amounts and the Group intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

Debt instruments which meet the following conditions of being “basic” financial instruments as defined in paragraph 11.9 of FRS 102 are subsequently 
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.  

Debt instruments that have no stated interest rate (and do not constitute financing transaction) and are classified as payable or receivable within  
one year are initially measured at an undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received, net of impairment. 

Financial assets are derecognised when and only when a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or are settled,  
b) the Group transfers to another party substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, or c) the Group, despite having 
retained some, but not all, significant risks and rewards of ownership, has transferred control of the asset to another party.  

Financial liabilities are derecognised only when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires. 

Investments 
Investments in non-derivative instruments that are equity of the issuer (where shares are publicly traded or their fair value is reliably measurable)  
are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Where fair value cannot be measured reliably, investments are measured at cost less impairment. 

In the Company balance sheet, investments in subsidiaries and associates are measured at cost less impairment. For investments in subsidiaries acquired 
for consideration including the issue of shares qualifying for merger relief, cost is measured by reference to the nominal value of the shares issued plus fair 
value of other consideration. Any premium is ignored. 

Impairment of assets 
Assets, other than those measured at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each balance sheet date. If there is objective evidence  
of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss as described below. 

Non-financial assets 
An asset is impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after initial recognition, the estimated 
recoverable value of the asset has been reduced. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. 

The recoverable amount of goodwill is derived from measurement of the present value of the future cash flows of the cash-generating units of which the 
goodwill is a part. Any impairment loss in respect of a CGU is allocated first to the goodwill attached to that CGU, and then to other assets within that CGU 
on a pro-rata basis. 

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss previously recognised for assets other than goodwill, the prior impairment loss is tested to 
determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired asset to the extent that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a 
revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised. Where a reversal of impairment occurs in respect of a CGU, 
the reversal is applied first to the assets of the CGU, except for goodwill, on a pro-rata basis. Impairment of goodwill is never reversed. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 101

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 
continued

3. Significant accounting policies (continued) 
Impairment of assets (continued) 
Financial assets 
For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of an impairment is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value  
of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. 

For financial assets carried at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the best estimate  
of the amount that would be received for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date. 

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss, and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was 
recognised, the prior impairment loss is tested to determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired financial asset to the extent 
that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised. 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and deposits held at call with banks. 

Creditors 
Creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business. Accounts payable are classified as current 
liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. 

Creditors are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Current and deferred corporation tax 
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income except  
to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the period, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities  
for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognised on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities 
in a transaction that is not a business combination. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences 
when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset  
if there is a legally enforceable right to offset, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority. 

Deferred income tax liabilities are provided on taxable temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements, 
except for deferred income tax liability where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the company and it is probable that 
the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference  
can be utilised. 

Share-based payments 
The grant date fair value of options granted to employees is recognised as stock-based compensation expense, with a corresponding increase in 
contributed surplus over the vesting period. Each tranche granted is considered a separate grant with its own vesting period and grant date fair value. 
 A forfeiture rate is estimated on the grant date and is adjusted to reflect the actual number of options that vest. 

102 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Financial risk management: 
Overview 
The company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks that arise as a result of its operations and financing activities such as: 
•
•

credit risk; and 
liquidity risk;  

This note presents information about the company’s exposure to each of the above risks, the company’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring 
and managing risk, and the company’s management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these financial statements. 

The Board of Directors oversees management’s establishment and execution of the company’s risk management framework. Management has implemented 
and monitors compliance with risk management policies. The company’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by 
the company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to market conditions and the company’s activities. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations,  
and arises principally from the company’s receivables and cash held with banks. 
Cash at bank and in hand 
The company limits its exposure to credit risk by only investing in liquid securities and only with highly rated counterparties. The company’s cash at bank  
is currently held by banks with AA or equivalent credit ratings or better. Given these credit ratings, management does not expect any counterparty to fail 
to meet its obligations. 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The company’s approach to managing liquidity  
is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, 
without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the company’s reputation. 

Typically, the company ensures that it has sufficient cash on demand to meet expected operational expenses, including the servicing of financial 
obligations; this excludes the potential impact of extreme circumstances that cannot reasonably be predicted, such as natural disasters and political unrest. 
To achieve this objective, the company prepares annual capital expenditure budgets, which are regularly monitored and updated as considered necessary. 
Further, the company utilises authorisations for expenditures on projects to further manage capital expenditure and has a Board of Director approved 
signing authority matrix. 

As at 31 December 2019, the company’s financial liabilities are due within one year. 

Capital management: 
The company’s objective when managing its capital is to ensure it has sufficient capital to maintain its ongoing operations. 

5. Compensation of key management personnel 
The remuneration of directors and other key management personnel during the period ended 31 December 2019 was as follows: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
Salaries, incentives and short term benefits                                                                                                                                                                              277  
Directors’ fees                                                                                                                                                                                                                             118  
Stock based compensation                                                                                                                                                                                                        313  
Total compensation                                                                                                                                                                                                                  708  

Key management personnel have been identified as the non-executive directors and executive officers of the Company. The executive officers include the 
CEO and CFO. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 103

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 
continued

6.

Investments in subsidiaries  

                                                                                                   Percentage              Country of                                                                      Registered 
Name
                                                                        Holding               ownership                operation                                                                           address 
SDX Energy Holdings (UK) Limited                                 Direct                      100%                        U.K.                 38, Welbeck street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Inc                                                              Indirect                      100%                   Canada              1900, 520-3rd Avenue SW, Centennial Place,  
                                                                                                                                                                                East Tower, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0R3 
Sea Dragon Energy (UK) Limited                                  Indirect                      100%                        U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Investments (UK) Ltd                                Indirect                      100%                        U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Morocco (UK) Ltd                                      Indirect                      100%                        U.K.                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Cooperatieve U.A.                                      Indirect                      100%            Netherlands                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy Holding B.V.                                   Indirect                      100%            Netherlands                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
SDX Energy Egypt (Nile Delta) B.V.                               Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (GOS) B.V.                                      Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (Nile) B.V.                                       Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy (NW Gemsa) B.V.                            Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                38, Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP, U.K. 
Sea Dragon Energy Holding Ltd.                                   Indirect                      100%           British Virgin              Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, P.O. Box 
                                                                                                                                         Islands            3140, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
NPC (Shukheir Marine) Ltd                                           Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                             Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1,  
                                                                                                                                                                                   P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                           British Virgin Islands 
NPC (South Ramadan) Ltd                                            Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                             Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1,  
                                                                                                                                                                                   P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                           British Virgin Islands 
Madison International Oil & Gas Ltd                             Indirect                      100%                Barbados                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
Madison Egypt Oil & Gas Ltd                                        Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
Madison Cameroon Oil & Gas Ltd                                 Indirect                      100%               Cameroon                                      Erin Court, Bishop’s Court Hill,  
                                                                                                                                                                                                         St. Michael, Barbados 
SDX Energy Egypt (Meseda) Ltd                                   Indirect                      100%                      Egypt                       10, Road 261, New Maadi, Cairo, Egypt 
SDX Energy Morocco (Jersey) Ltd                                 Indirect                      100%                 Morocco            P.O. Box 771, Ground Floor, Colomberie Close, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  St.Helier, Jersey 
Limerick Services SARL                                                  Indirect                      100%                 Morocco     2 Rue Ghazaoua la pinède Souissi, Rabat, Morocco 
SDX Energy Egypt (Jersey) Ltd                                     Indirect                      100%                      Egypt            P.O. Box 771, Ground Floor, Colomberie Close, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  St.Helier, Jersey 
Brentford Oil Tools                                                          Indirect                        50%                      Egypt               7 Nazeh Khalifa st., El Korba, Misr El Gadiga, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Cairo, Egypt 

104 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
7. Debtors 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
Prepayments                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 46 
Other debtors                                                                                                                                                                                                                               29 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 75 
Total

8. Amounts owed from group companies 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 

Current 
SDX Energy Morocco (Jersey) Ltd                                                                                                                                                                                             154 
Madison Egypt Oil and Gas Ltd                                                                                                                                                                                                      5 
Madison International Oil and Gas Limited                                                                                                                                                                                    5 
Madison Cameroon Oil & Gas Ltd                                                                                                                                                                                                  5 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               169 
Total

Current accounts due from group companies are non-interest bearing and repayable on demand. 

9. Creditors 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
Trade creditors                                                                                                                                                                                                                            204 
Other creditors                                                                                                                                                                                                                              75 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               279 
Total

10. Amounts owed to group companies 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
Sea Dragon Energy (Nile) BV                                                                                                                                                                                                     148 
Sea Dragon Energy (UK) Ltd                                                                                                                                                                                                  1,872 
SDX Energy Inc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                          113 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2,133 
Total

Current accounts due to group companies are non-interest bearing and repayable on demand. 

11. Called-up share capital 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
Authorised, issued and fully paid ordinary shares of £0.01 each                                                                                                                                           2,097 

12. Related parties 
The company in the ordinary course of business, entered into certain related party transactions. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 
SDX Energy Inc.                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (113) 
Sea Dragon Energy (Nile) B.V.                                                                                                                                                                                                  (148) 
Sea Dragon Energy (UK) Limited                                                                                                                                                                                          (1,872) 
SDX Energy Morocco (Jersey) Limited                                                                                                                                                                                      154 
Madison Cameroon Oil & Gas Limited                                                                                                                                                                                           5 
Madison International Oil & Gas Limited                                                                                                                                                                                       5 
Madison Egypt Oil & Gas Ltd                                                                                                                                                                                                         5 

The balances with related parties are presented in notes 8 and 10. 

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SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report / 105

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Statements  
Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 
continued

13. Financial instruments and risk management 
Capital risk management 
The capital structure of the company consists of debt, which includes the Amounts owed to group companies disclosed in note and equity attributable  
to equity holders of the parent and related parties, comprising issued capital and an accumulated loss as disclosed in the statement of changes in equity. 

Significant accounting policies 
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement and the basis on  
which income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each class of financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument are disclosed in note 3 
 to the financial statements. 

Categories of financial instruments 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2019 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          £’000s 

Financial assets 
Cash and trade and other receivables                                                                                                                                                                                        104 
Amounts owed from group companies                                                                                                                                                                                      169 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               273 
Total

Financial Liabilities 
Creditors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               279 
Amounts owed to group companies                                                                                                                                                                                       2,133 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2,412 
Total

Financial risk management objectives 
The company seeks to minimise the effects of fair value interest rate risk and price risk through active management processes. The company does  
not enter into or trade financial instruments, including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes. 

14. Subsequent events 
The outbreak of novel COVID-19 in early 2020 has affected business and economic activity around the world, including certain countries in which the 
Company and its subsidiaries operate. The Company considers this outbreak to be a non-adjusting post balance sheet event as of 31 December 2019. 
Given the spread of COVID-19, the range of potential outcomes for the global economy are difficult to predict at this point in time. 

106 / SDX Energy Plc / 2019 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
 
Corporate information

Executive Directors 
Mark Reid 
Chief Executive Officer 

Nicholas Box 
Chief Financial Officer 

Non-Executive Directors 
Michael Doyle 
Non-Executive Chairman 

Timothy Linacre 
David Mitchell 
Amr Al Menhali 
Catherine Stalker 

Stock Exchange Listing 
London Stock Exchange AIM 
Symbol: SDX 

Registrar (United Kingdom) 
Link Asset Services 
The Registry, 34 Beckenham Road 
Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU 
United Kingdom 
T: +44 (0)871 664 0300 

Nominated Advisor and Joint Broker 
Stifel Nicolaus Europe Limited 
Callum Stewart/Simon Mensley/ 
Ashton Clanfield 
150 Cheapside, London, EC2V 6ET, 
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7710 7600 

Joint Brokers 
Peel Hunt LLP 
Moor House, 120 London Wall 
London 
EC2Y 5ET 
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 (0) 207 418 8900 

Cantor Fitzgerald Europe 
David Porter 
One Churchill Place, Canary Wharf 
London, E14 5RB, United Kingdom 
T: +44 (0)20 7894 7000

Independent Engineers 
Gaffney, Cline & Associates 
Bentley Hall, Blacknest, Alton,  
Hampshire, GU34 4PU,  
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 (0) 1420 525366 

Auditors 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
431 Union Street, Aberdeen, AB11 6DA 
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 (0)1224 210100 

Public Relations 
Camarco 
107 Cheapside 
London, EC2V 6DN 
United Kingdom 
Tel: +44 (0) 203 757 4980 

SDX Energy Office Locations 

United Kingdom 
Registered address and head office 
38 Welbeck Street, London W1G 8DP 
United Kingdom 
T: +44 (0)20 3219 5640 
F: +44 (0)20 3219 5655 

Egypt 
Road 261, No. 10, 
New Maadi, Cairo, Egypt  
T: +20 2 2517 6528  
F: +20 2 2517 6524 

Morocco 
Forum 6, Rue Ibrahim Tadili 
Bureau n 7-1er Etage 
Souissi-Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco 
T: +212 537 635 656 
F: +212 537 656 314 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High Margin Growth 
www.sdxenergy.com