Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
Submission Data File
Form Type*
Contact Name
Contact Phone
Filer Accelerated Status*
Filer File Number
Filer CIK*
Filer CCC*
Filer is Shell Company*
Filer is Smaller Reporting Company
Filer is Voluntary Filer*
Filer is Well Known Seasoned Issuer*
Confirming Copy
Notify via Website only
Return Copy
SROS*
Depositor CIK
Period*
ABS Asset Class Type
ABS Sub Asset Class Type
Sponsor CIK
Emerging Growth Company
Elected not to use extended transition period
File Count*
Document Name 1*
Document Type 1*
Document Description 1
Document Name 2*
Document Type 2*
Document Description 2
Document Name 3*
Document Type 3*
Document Description 3
Document Name 4*
Document Type 4*
Document Description 4
Document Name 5*
Document Type 5*
Document Description 5
Document Name 6*
Document Type 6*
Document Description 6
Document Name 7*
Document Type 7*
Document Description 7
Document Name 8*
Document Type 8*
Document Description 8
Document Name 9*
Document Type 9*
Document Description 9
Document Name 10*
General Information
10-K
Chris Pinilla
212-596-7747
Non-Accelerated Filer
0001711012 [Senmiao Technology Ltd] (Senmiao Technology Ltd)
**********
N
Yes
N
N
No
No
No
NASD
03-31-2019
Yes
No
(End General Information)
Document Information
37
tv524097_10k.htm
10-K
Form 10-K
tv524097_ex10-30.htm
EX-10.30
Exhibit 10.30
tv524097_ex10-31.htm
EX-10.31
Exhibit 10.31
tv524097_ex10-32.htm
EX-10.32
Exhibit 10.32
tv524097_ex10-33.htm
EX-10.33
Exhibit 10.33
tv524097_ex10-34.htm
EX-10.34
Exhibit 10.34
tv524097_ex10-35.htm
EX-10.35
Exhibit 10.35
tv524097_ex10-36.htm
EX-10.36
Exhibit 10.36
tv524097_ex21-1.htm
EX-21.1
Exhibit 21.1
tv524097_ex23-1.htm
Document Type 10*
Document Description 10
Document Name 11*
Document Type 11*
Document Description 11
Document Name 12*
Document Type 12*
Document Description 12
Document Name 13*
Document Type 13*
Document Description 13
Document Name 14*
Document Type 14*
Document Description 14
Document Name 15*
Document Type 15*
Document Description 15
Document Name 16*
Document Type 16*
Document Description 16
Document Name 17*
Document Type 17*
Document Description 17
Document Name 18*
Document Type 18*
Document Description 18
Document Name 19*
Document Type 19*
Document Description 19
Document Name 20*
Document Type 20*
Document Description 20
Notify via Website only
E-mail 1
EX-23.1
Exhibit 23.1
tv524097_ex31-1.htm
EX-31.1
Exhibit 31.1
tv524097_ex31-2.htm
EX-31.2
Exhibit 31.2
tv524097_ex32-1.htm
EX-32.1
Exhibit 32.1
tv524097_ex32-2.htm
EX-32.2
Exhibit 32.2
aihs-20190331.xml
EX-101.INS
XBRL INSTANCE DOCUMENT
aihs-20190331.xsd
EX-101.SCH
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
aihs-20190331_cal.xml
EX-101.CAL
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
aihs-20190331_def.xml
EX-101.DEF
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
aihs-20190331_lab.xml
EX-101.LAB
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
aihs-20190331_pre.xml
EX-101.PRE
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
(End Document Information)
Notifications
No
chrispinilla@toppanlf.com
(End Notifications)
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 1 of 162
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(cid:95) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
(cid:133) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-38426
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Nevada
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
16F, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Blvd.
High-Tech Zone, Chengdu
Sichuan, People's Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
35-2600898
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
610000
(Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number: +86 28 61554399
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class:
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol
AIHS
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)(cid:3)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes (cid:95) No (cid:133)(cid:3)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes (cid:95) No (cid:133)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an
emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer (cid:133)
Non-accelerated filer (cid:95)
Accelerated filer (cid:133)
Smaller reporting company (cid:95)
Emerging growth company (cid:95)
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. (cid:133)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes (cid:133) No (cid:95)(cid:3)
The registrant’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIHS.” The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting
common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which registrant’s common stock was last sold as of September 28, 2018, was
approximately $65,802,856. Common stock held by each officer and director and by each person known to the registrant who owned 10% or more of the
outstanding voting and non-voting common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate
status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of July 2, 2019, there were 27,726,615 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the registrant issued and outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
If the following documents are incorporated by reference, briefly describe them and identify the part of the Form 10-K (e.g., Part I, Part II, etc.) into
which the document is incorporated: (i) any annual report to security holders; (ii) any proxy or information statement; and (iii) any prospectus filed pursuant to
Rule 424(b) or (c) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). The listed documents should be clearly described for identification purposes (e.g.
annual reports to security holders for fiscal year ended December 24, 1980): None
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
2
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Unless otherwise stated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”), references to:
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(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
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(cid:120)
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(cid:120)
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(cid:120)
“China” or the “PRC” refers to the People's Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this Report only, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;
“Didi” refers to Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd., a major transportation network company in China, operating the largest ride-hailing platform
in China;
“Didi drivers” refer to ride-hailing drivers affiliated with Didi;
“Hunan Ruixi” refers to Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., our majority owned subsidiary in China;
“Jinkailong” refers to Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., our variable interest entity;
“Restructuring” refers to the establishment of a wholly foreign owned entity and the execution of a series of agreements among the Company,
Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao, pursuant to which we have gained control of and become the
primary beneficiary to Sichuan Senmiao;
“RMB” and “Renminbi” refer to the legal currency of China;
“Ruixi Leasing” refers to Hunan Ruixi Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., the wholly owned subsidiary of Hunan Ruixi;
“Senmiao,” “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refer to Senmiao Technology Limited., its subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest
entities;
“Senmiao Consulting” refers to Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., our wholly owned subsidiary in China;
“Sichuan Senmiao” refers to Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., our variable interest entity;
“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” and “dollars” refer to the legal currency of the United States;
“variable interest entities” or “VIEs” refer to Sichuan Senmiao and Jinkailong; and
“Yicheng” refers to Yicheng Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., our wholly owned subsidiary in China.
We use U.S. dollars as reporting currency in our financial statements and in this Report. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Renminbi are
translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates, and revenues,
expenses, gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the period. In other parts of this Report, any Renminbi denominated amounts are
accompanied by translations. With respect to amounts not recorded in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report, all translations
from Renminbi to U.S. dollars were made at RMB6.8686 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve
Board on June 24, 2019. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this Report could have been or could be converted
into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. The PRC government restricts or prohibits the conversion of Renminbi into
foreign currency and foreign currency into Renminbi for certain types of transactions.
3
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report, including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,”
“estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continues,” or “should,” or, in each case, their
negative or other variations or comparable terminology. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Such
statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our ability to consummate any acquisition or other business combination and any other
statements that are not statements of current or historical facts. These statements are based on management's current expectations, but actual results may differ
materially due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
our goals and strategies;
our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;
the expected growth and heavy regulation of the credit industry, and marketplace lending in particular, in China;
the growth in China of disposable household income and the availability and cost of credit available to finance car purchases;
the growth of China's ride-hailing, automobile financing and leasing industries;
taxes and other incentives or disincentives related to car purchases and ownership;
fluctuations in the sales and price of new and used cars and consumer acceptance of financing car purchases;
ride-hailing, transportation networks, and other fundamental changes in transportation pattern;
our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services;
our expectations regarding our customer base;
our plans to invest in our automobile transaction and related services business;
our relationships with our business partners;
competition in our industries;
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120) macro-economic and political conditions affecting the global economy generally and the market in China specifically; and
(cid:120)
relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industries.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their
potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated or over which we may not have any control. These
forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual
results or performance to be materially different from those that are expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties
include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Report and our other periodic reports filed by us with the SEC.
Should one or more of these risks or unanticipated risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary
in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements,
whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others
described in our periodic reports are not exhaustive.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may
not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations,
financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-
looking statements contained in this Report. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in
which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results
or developments in subsequent periods.
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Item 1.
Business
Overview
PART I
Senmiao Technology Limited (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terminology) is a U.S. holding company incorporated in the State of
Nevada. We currently have two operating businesses segments: (i) automobile transaction and related services focusing on the ride-hailing industry in
People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”) through our majority owned subsidiary, Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability
company (“Hunan Ruixi”), its wholly owned subsidiary, Hunan Ruixi Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Ruixi Leasing”) and variable interest entity (“VIE”),
Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Jinkailong”) (the “Automobile Transaction and Related Services”); and (ii) online lending services
through its VIE, Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”), which facilitates loan transactions between Chinese investors and
individual and small-to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers (our “Online Lending Services”). Our executive offices are located in Chengdu City,
Sichuan Province, China. Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China.
During the years ended March 31, 2019, we generated revenue of $2,551,107 from our Automobile Transaction and Related Services and $369,956 from
our Online Lending Services. While we have historically focused our efforts on our Online Lending Services segment, due to the increased regulation of peer-
to-peer lending services in China, as described below (see “Business — Regulations”), and general business opportunities that have become available to us,
we have reallocated our resources to focus on our Automobile Transaction and Related Services segment of our business.
Our Corporate History
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. We have established a wholly owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business
Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Senmiao Consulting”), in China. As of the date of this Report, Senmiao Consulting provides services to Sichuan Senmiao, one of our
VIEs, pursuant to the VIE Agreements as defined below. Senmiao Consulting and Sichuan Senmiao conduct a major portion of our research and development
activities.
Sichuan Senmiao was established in China in June 2014. We have entered into a series of contractual arrangements (the “VIE Agreements”) with
Sichuan Senmiao and each of its equity holders through Senmiao Consulting to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. The
contractual arrangements have been in place since the establishment of Senmiao Consulting (the “Restructuring”).
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer (“P2P”) platform (including website, internet content provider (“ICP”) registration,
operating systems, servers, management system, employees and users) from Sichuan Chenghexin Investment and Asset Management Co., Ltd.
(“Chenghexin”), which had established and operated the platform for two years prior to our acquisition (the “Acquisition”), for a total cash consideration of
RMB 69,690,000 (approximately US$10.1 million).
Prior to the Acquisition, Sichuan Senmiao was a holding company that owned a 60% equity interest in an equity investment fund management company.
Sichuan Senmiao sold its 60% equity interest for a cash consideration of RMB 60 million (approximately US$8.9 million) immediately following the
Acquisition, in order to focus on the online marketplace lending business.
On November 21, 2018, we entered into an Investment and Equity Transfer Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with Hunan Ruixi and all the
shareholders of Hunan Ruixi, pursuant to which we acquired an aggregate of 60% of the equity interest of Hunan Ruixi for no consideration. We closed the
acquisition on November 22, 2018 and agreed to make a cash contribution of $6,000,000 to Hunan Ruixi, representing 60% of its registered capital, in
accordance with the Investment Agreement.
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Hunan Ruixi has a wholly owned subsidiary, Ruixi Leasing, a PRC limited liability company formed in April 2018 with a registered capital of RMB 10
million (approximately US$1.5 million). Ruixi Leasing is licensed to engage in automobile sales and leasing and has not commenced operations as of the date
of this Report.
Hunan Ruixi also owns 35% equity interest in Jinkailong and control the remaining 65% equity interest through a voting agreement with Jinkailong’s
other shareholders. Jinkailong is an automobile transaction and related services company in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, which primarily targets
drivers in the ride-hailing service sector and facilitates automobile sales and financing transactions for its clients and provides relevant after-transaction
services to them.
In May 2019, we formed Yicheng Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Yicheng”), a PRC limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary, with a
registered capital of $50 million in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. Yicheng has obtained its business licenses for automobiles sale and financial
leasing on May 5, 2019 and has been engaged in automobile sales since June 2019.
Our Corporate Structure
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiaries and our VIEs as of the date of this Report:
VIE Agreements with Sichuan Senmiao
According to the VIE Agreements, Sichuan Senmiao is obligated to pay Senmiao Consulting service fees equal to its net income. Sichuan Senmiao’s
entire operations are controlled by the Company. There are no unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by Sichuan Senmiao.
Each of the VIE Agreements is described in details below:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and all the shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao (the “Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders”) entered into an Equity
Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pledged all of their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to Senmiao
Consulting in order to guarantee the performance of Sichuan Senmiao’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement as described below.
During the term of the pledge, Senmiao Consulting is entitled to receive any dividends declared on the pledged equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao. The
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement terminates when all contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fully
performed.
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Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered by and among the Company, WFOE, Sichuan Senmiao and each of Sichuan Senmiao
Shareholders, Senmiao Consulting will provide Sichuan Senmiao with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services for 10
years ended September 18, 2027. The Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders and Sichuan Senmiao will not engage any third party for the same or similar
consultation services without Senmiao Consulting’s prior consent. Further, the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are entitled to receive an aggregate of
20,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. Senmiao Consulting may terminate the Exclusive
Business Cooperation Agreement at any time upon prior written notice to Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Option Agreement entered by and among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, the
Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders have granted Senmiao Consulting an exclusive option to purchase at any time their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao at a
purchase price equal to the capital paid by the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders in whole or at a pro-rated price for any partial purchase. The Exclusive Option
Agreement terminates after 10 years ending September 18, 2027 but can be renewed by Senmiao Consulting at its discretion.
Powers of Attorney
Each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has signed a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney”), pursuant to which, each of the Sichuan Senmiao
Shareholders has authorized Senmiao Consulting to act as his or her exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights of such individual as a shareholder
of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights that shareholders are entitled
to under PRC laws and the Articles of Association of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to voting, sale, transfer, pledge and disposition of the equity
interests of Sichuan Senmiao; and (c) designating and appointing the legal representative, chairperson, director, supervisor, chief executive officer and other
senior management members of Sichuan Senmiao. The Power of Attorney has the same term as the Exclusive Option Agreement.
Timely Report Agreement
The Company and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a Timely Report Agreement, pursuant to which, Sichuan Senmiao agrees to make its officers and
directors available to the Company and promptly provide all information required by the Company so that the Company can make necessary filings to the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and other regulatory reports in a timely fashion.
The Company has concluded that it should consolidate the financial statements with Sichuan Senmiao because it is Sichuan Senmiao’s primary
beneficiary based on the Power of Attorney from the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, who assigned their rights as shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao to
Senmiao Consulting, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary. These rights include, but are not limited to, attending shareholders’ meetings, voting on
matters submitted for shareholder approval and appointing legal representatives, directors, supervisors and senior management of Sichuan Senmiao. As a
result, the Company, through Senmiao Consulting, is deemed to hold all of the voting equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao. Pursuant to Exclusive Business
Cooperation Agreement, Senmiao Consulting shall provide complete technical support, business support and related consulting services for 10 years. Though
not explicit in the VIE Agreements, the Company may provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao to meet its working capital requirements and
capitalization purposes. The terms of the VIE Agreements and the Company’s plan to provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao were considered in
determining that the Company is the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. Accordingly, the financial statements of Sichuan Senmiao are consolidated in
the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Restructuring constituted a reorganization. As all of the above mentioned companies are under common control, this series of transactions are
considered as a reorganization of the entities under common control at carrying value and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the
reorganization had occurred retroactively. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the existing corporate structure had been in existence
throughout all periods and the reorganization had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements.
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Voting Agreement with Jinkailong’s Other Shareholders
In addition to obtaining 35% equity interests in Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi, Jinkailong and other Jinkailong’s shareholders holding an aggregate of 65%
equity interests entered into a voting agreement, as amended (the “Voting Agreement”), pursuant to which all other Jinkailong’s shareholders will vote in
concert with Hunan Ruixi on numerous corporate matters including all fundamental corporate transactions in the event of a disagreement for a period of 20
years, ending on August 25, 2038.
The Company has consolidated the financial statements of Jinkailong into its financial statements because it is Jinkailong’s primary beneficiary based on
the Voting Agreement. Though not explicit in the business cooperation agreement by and among Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi, and other shareholders of Hunan
Ruixi, the Company may provide financial support to Jinkailong to meet its working capital requirements and capitalization purposes. The terms of the Voting
Agreement and the Company’s plan to provide financial support to Jinkailong were considered in determining that the Company is the primary beneficiary of
Jinkailong. Accordingly, the financial statements of Jinkailong are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Although we are able to
consolidate the financial statements of Jinkailong, we are only entitled to distribution of dividends and assets based on our ownership of 35% of the equity
interest of Jinkailong. However, pursuant to the Investment Agreement, we are entitled to dividend and liquidation preference.
Our Services
Our Automobile Transaction and Related Services
Overview
Our Automobile Transaction and Related Services are mainly comprised of (i) facilitation of automobile transaction and financing where we connect the
prospective ride-hailing drivers to financial institutions to buy, or get financing on the purchase of, cars to be used to provide ride-hailing services (the “auto
financing and transaction facilitation”); (ii) automobile sales where we procure new cars from dealerships and sell them to our customers in the automobile
financing facilitation business (the “auto sales”); and (iii) automobile financing where we provide our customers with auto finance solutions through financing
leases (the “auto financing”). We started our facilitation services in November 2018 and the sale of automobiles in January 2019. As of March 31, 2019, we
have facilitated financing for an aggregate of 311 automobiles with total value of approximately $4.1 million and have sold an aggregate of 212 automobiles
with total value of approximately $1.8 million. Our auto financing business did not commence until the end of March 2019 and has seen a slow growth to
date. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, our auto financing and transaction facilitation and auto sales accounted for 21.1% and 62.2% of our total
revenue, respectively.
Auto Financing and Transaction Facilitation
Leveraging the growing popularity of ride-hailing services in China, we facilitate the auto financing transactions between the ride-hailing drivers and
financial institutions. As of the date of this Report, all the ride-hailing drivers we service are affiliated Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd., a major
transportation company operating the largest ride-hailing platform in China (“Didi”). Our services simplify the transaction process for both the Didi drivers
and the financial institutions. Specifically, our facilitation services include purchase services and management and guarantee services.
Purchase services cover a wide range of services provided to Didi drivers during the process of an automobile financing transaction, including but not
limited to, credit assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of financing transactions, license and plate registration,
payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver qualification and other administrative procedures. Our
service fees are based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. Our service fees for automobiles purchase services ranged from
$500 to $4,000 per vehicle.
The management and guarantee services are provided to Didi drivers after the delivery of automobiles, covering (i) management services including,
without limitation, ride-hailing driver training, assisting with purchase of insurances, insurance claims and after-sale automobile services, handling traffic
violations and other consulting services; and (ii) guarantee services for the obligations of Didi drivers under their financing arrangement with financial
institutions. As at March 31, 2019, the maximum contingent liabilities we were exposed would be approximately $11.5 million if all the automobile
purchasers defaulted. Our management and guarantee fees are based on the costs of our services and the results of our credit assessment of the automobile
purchasers. Our fees average approximately $1,100 per automobile for the affiliation period and are paid by the Didi drivers on a monthly basis during the
affiliation period.
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Transaction Process
The following chart illustrates our typical process of auto financing facilitation.
Financing Partners
We have established collaboration with a number of financial institutions, including commercial banks, financial leasing companies as well as online
peer-to-peer lending platforms, which finance the purchase of automobiles by our automobile purchasers through financial leasing agreements or loan
agreements (the “Financing Agreements”). Under our arrangements with financing partners, we will refer prospective automobile purchasers and are generally
responsible for collecting information on such purchasers, conducting credit assessment of them, registration of the cars as collateral with government and
providing guarantee on the their payments under the Financing Agreements. To secure the interests of the financing partners, each automobile is mortgaged in
favor of the financing partner which is registered with relevant local government agencies.
We typically prepay the purchase price and expenses on behalf of the automobile purchasers when we provide purchase services and collect all the
advance payment and relevant services fees from the proceeds disbursed by the financial institutions upon the closing of the financing and/or when the
monthly installment payment made by automobile purchasers during the term of the Financing Agreements. We are required under our arrangements with the
financing partners to make payments on behalf of the automobile purchasers in the event of default. As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding payments we made
on behalf of defaulted purchasers were approximately $0.15 million. After we make payments, we will request the defaulted purchasers to pay us back. If we
are unable to recover the payments within a certain period of time, we will start our collection process. See “Business — Our Services — Our Automobile
Transaction and Related Services — Post-Financing Services.”
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, our top two financing partners were Sichuan Jinding Fortune Information Technology Co., Ltd. and
Haitong Unitrust International Leasing Co., Ltd., which collectively financed an aggregate of 191 cars with a total value of approximately $1.9 million,
representing approximately 83.9% of the transaction value financed by our financing partners as of March 31, 2019.
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Partnership with Didi
To capitalize on the large and rapidly expanding fleet of Didi, we have established collaboration with Didi through both Hunan Ruixi and Jinkailong.
Under Jinkailong’s consulting service agreement with Didi, Jinkailong provides vehicle leasing and financing, insurance facilitation, affiliated vehicle
management, and other services for the fleet of Didi in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. Hunan Ruixi also entered into cooperation agreements with Didi in
December 2018, pursuant to which Hunan Ruixi agreed to source automobiles for and provide automobile financing/leasing solutions to Didi drivers in
Changsha City, Hunan Province. Our relationship with Didi is crucial to our business as it enables us to attract more automobile purchasers who are interested
in working as Didi drivers and becoming affiliated with us.
Partnership with Feiniu
Jinkailong also entered into a business cooperation agreement with Sichuan Feiniu Automobile Transportation Co., Ltd. (“Feiniu”), a provider of
intercity passenger transportation and freight logistics services and provider of consulting services to Didi’s drivers on intercity carpool business. Pursuant to
the business cooperation agreement, Jinkailong agreed to provide automobile and driver sourcing services as Feiniu’s exclusive business partner for Feiniu’s
intercity carpool business in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province for a period of three years. In return, Feiniu agreed to pay Jinkailong 30% of the consulting
service fee Feiniu receives under its agreement with Didi for the proportion of automobiles supplied by Jinkailong. In addition, Jinkailong agreed to refer no
less than 30% of its customers to subscribe for Feiniu’s automobile management services, including automobile purchase, title registration, insurance purchase
and financing.
Auto Transaction Facilitation Services
Through Hunan Ruixi and Jinkailong, we also facilitate automobile purchase transactions between dealers, our cooperative third party sales teams and
the automobile purchasers, primarily Didi drivers. We provide sales venue and vehicle sourcing for the transactions. We charge third party sales teams and
automobile purchasers a facilitation fee based on the type of vehicle and negotiation with each dealer, third party sales team and purchaser, generally no more
than $1,700 per automobile from third party sales team and $2,200 from the purchaser.
We also provide a series of services for the purchasers throughout the automobile purchase transaction process, including registration of license plates
and permits from the relevant government authorities, insurance facilitation and assistance with applications to financial institutions to finance the purchase.
Our service fees are based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. Our service fees ranged from approximately $500 to $4,000
per vehicle.
Auto Sales
We are also engaged in the sales of automobiles through Hunan Ruixi. As we are targeting to sell cars to Didi, Hunan Ruixi procures new cars of model
and specification acceptable to Didi. Hunan Ruixi typically sets up periodic procurement plans based on the estimated transaction volume of Jinkailong and
buy in bulk to obtain better pricing. Hunan Ruixi will then mark up the price and sell the cars to the ride-hailing drivers who are typically customers in our
auto financing facilitation services. All the new cars Ruixi procured are parked in our warehouses in Chengdu City.
Substantially all of the cars are sold through a financing arrangement, under which we will receive a majority of the purchase price (ranging from
approximately 69% to 100%) from the financing proceeds and the remainder from monthly installment payments of the Didi drivers.
Auto Financing
We began offering auto financing services in March 2019. In our self-operated financing, we act as a lessor and a customer (i.e., Didi driver) acts as a
lessee. We offer to the lessee a selection of automobiles that were purchased by us in advance. The lessee will choose the desirable automobile to be
purchased and enter into a financing lease with us. During the term of the financing lease, the lessee will have use rights with respect to the automobile. We
will obtain title to the automobile upfront and retain such title during the term of the financing lease, as lessor. At the end of the lease term, the lessee will pay
a minimal price and obtain full title to the automobile after the financing lease is repaid in full. In connection with the financing lease, the lessee will enter into
a service agreement with us. Pursuant to this service agreement, the lessee will pay us a service fee ranging from approximately $1,250 to approximately
$3,500 for our services, which covers, among others, payment of purchase taxes and insurance, license and plate registration, and training of ride-hailing
drivers.
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As of the date of this Report, we have financed the purchase of 87 automobiles with an average financing amount per customer of approximately
$19,000 and lease terms ranging from 36 to 48 months. The interest rates of our auto financing are fixed and range from 5.5% to 11.4% per annum. No down
payment is required under our financing leases.
Customers
Over 95% of our customers are Didi drivers. Due to the complexity and difficulty of obtaining registration of various licenses required for driving a ride-
hailing car, our customers choose to become affiliated with us who offer them a simplified and smooth process to become qualified. Our automobile
purchasers, who are mostly Didi drivers, typically become affiliated with us through affiliation agreements pursuant to which we, as a qualified management
company, provide them post-transaction management services during the affiliation period, which is usually the same as the term of the Financing
Agreements.
We acquire customers for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services through the network of third-party sales teams, referral from Didi and our
own efforts including online advertising and billboard advertising. We also send out flyers and participate in trade shows to advertise our services. Since our
acquisition of Hunan Ruixi through the date of this Report, we have serviced approximately 740 customers, including approximately 700 Didi drivers.
Risk Management
The assessment of prospective Didi drivers is based on collective efforts and provides a comprehensive evaluation of the automobile buyers. In our
auto financing facilitation business, assessment on a prospective buyer typically involves three parties: financial institutions, Didi and us. As financial
institution makes the ultimate decision on the financing application and the financing terms and Didi determines the outcome of the driver qualification
process, we do not maintain a credit grading system. We believe our manual review and verification process is sufficient for the requirements of our current
operations.
We conduct an initial screening when we receive an application from the prospective Didi drivers based on credit reports from People’s Bank of China
(“PBOC”) and third party credit rating companies, and personal information including residence, ethnicity group, driving history and involvement in legal
proceeding. An initially qualified candidate must meet certain minimum criteria:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
be between 22-60 years old;
reside in the mainland of China;
have a driving history of at least three years;
not be subject to on-going legal proceedings or enforcement;
not be listed on a national delinquent debtor’s list;
have a real intension to purchase automobile; and
the value of purchased automobile matches the income of the candidate.
Additionally, we arrange a simple in-person interview with the applicant where we gather information on marital/family status, income, assets,
borrowing history and default history, if any. This interview is typically conducted by our risk management staff who will verify the accuracy of information
on the prospective driver by cross-checking information provided by the applicant with other sources. We will also assess the prospective driver’s potential
repayment ability.
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Applicants with any of the follow attributes will be rejected:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
engaging in illegal or criminal activities;
involved in pornography, gambling, drug dealing and gangster activities and experiences;
engaging in usury lending; or
providing fraudulent information.
Once we have completed our risk assessments on the applicant, we recommend qualified applicants to the financial institution who proactively reviews
and makes final credit decisions on the applications we recommend. Specifically, the financial institution is ultimately responsible for, reviewing applications
and verifying applicants’ personal information collected by us through various procedures.
We also share the driver’s personal information with Didi, who requires all the drivers to be qualified under their own standard and conduct a
background check on each driver applicant. A qualified driver must meet certain minimum criteria:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
be 22 to 60 years old for male; 22 to 55 years old for females;
have a driving history of at least three years with driving license of C2 or above;
must not commit the a hit-and-run;
have no record of dangerous driving, drug use, driving under alcoholic influence, and violence crime;
have no traffic violation of 12 demerit points or more in any year of the past three years;
have not had their tax driver’s license revoked in Chengdu City within the past five years; and
have not been investigated or disciplined for unlawfully engaging in taxi services or other passenger transportation operations in Chengdu City
within the past five years.
Our assessment of prospective lessees in our auto financing business is substantially similar.
Post-Financing Services
Our post financing management department is in charge of monitoring and managing monthly payments by the drivers. We send text messages and make
phone calls as reminders three business days prior to the due date. If a driver fails to pay on the due day, we will pay the financial institution on behalf of the
defaulted automobile purchaser but continue to contact the automobile purchaser and request for payments. If the delinquency continues for more than 15
days, we then seek to repossess the car. Every car purchased through us has a GPS device installed, which helps us locate the car. After a car is repossessed,
we store it in a warehouse and later dispose of the automobile in accordance with law and relevant financing documents. If we are unable to repossess
collateral from a delinquent automobile purchaser, we may commence a lawsuit against such purchaser.
Our Online Lending Services
Overview
We operate an online lending platform through Sichuan Senmiao in the PRC which facilitates loan transactions between Chinese investors and individual
and SME borrowers. Through our platform, we offer access to credit for borrowers and attractive investment returns for investors. As described further below,
due to an increase in PRC regulations relating to and scrutiny of the P2P lending industry in China, during our fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, we have we
have reallocated our resources away from our Online Lending Services business to focus on the Automobile Transaction and Related Services segment of our
business.
From the acquisition of our online platform in September 2016 through March 31, 2019, we have facilitated loan transactions in an aggregate amount of
over RMB729 million (approximately US$109 million). As of March 31, 2019, we had an aggregate of 42,903 registered users and a total of 3,247 investors
and 2,695 borrowers had participated in loan transactions through our platform. We currently conduct our business operations exclusively in China, and all of
our investors and borrowers are located in China.
Our revenues from Online Lending Services are primarily generated from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers. We charge
borrowers transaction fees for the work we perform through our platform and charge our investors service fees on their actual investment returns. The interest
rates of the loans facilitated through our platform range from 7.68% to 10.80% per annum.
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We charge borrowers transaction fees based on their loan amounts. The transaction fees charged to borrowers range from 0.19% to 4.93% of the loan
amount and are paid (i) for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis, upon disbursement of the loan proceeds and (ii) for loans accruing interest on a daily
basis, upon full repayment of principal and interest. We also charge our investors a service fee of 8.00% of their actual investment returns, and collect the fee
when the investors receive their interest payments. Our interest rates, transaction fees, service fees and other charges are all disclosed to the users of our
platform.
Recent Regulatory Developments for Online Lending Platforms
In January 2019, relevant PRC governmental authorities issued Circular on the Classification and Disposal of Risks of Online Lending Institutions and
Risk Prevention (“Circular 175”). According to Circular 175, except for large-scale peer-to-peer direct lending marketplaces that are strictly in compliance
with all relevant laws and regulations and have not demonstrated any high-risk characteristics, which are generally referred to as Normal Marketplaces, other
marketplaces, including shell companies with no substantive operation, small-scale marketplaces, marketplaces with high risks and marketplaces that are
unable to repay investors or otherwise unable to operate their businesses, shall exit the peer-to-peer lending industry or cease operation. Normal Marketplaces
shall cease operating those businesses that are not in compliance with laws and regulations. Circular 175 also encourages certain Normal Marketplaces to
convert into other types of online financing institutions such as online small loan companies or loan facilitation platforms. Circular 175 provides that “small-
scale marketplace” shall be determined by each province taking into consideration a marketplace’s outstanding loan balance, number of lenders and other
factors. There is no guidance on the definition of “small-scale marketplaces” in Sichuan Province as of the date of this Report. If we are considered a small-
scale marketplace under Circular 175 as determined by Sichuan province, we may have to cease our Online Lending Services or convert into other types of
online financing institutions.
Historical Operation
Historically, our platform was also accessible to creditors (“Creditor Partners”) who had extended loans to borrowers outside our platform and assigned
these loans on our platform to obtain interim financing before loan maturities. We generated revenue from transaction fees from Creditor Partners in
connection with the assignment of their loans on our platform.
In January 2018, we discontinued the loan assignment services to Creditor Partners in preparation for our record-filing under the newly promulgated
regulations of the marketplace lending industry in China. To continue our relationship with these Creditor Partners, we signed cooperation agreements with
them pursuant to which they would introduce their customers with financing needs to us and provide guaranty for them.
In February 2018, Sichuan Province (where we conduct a significant portion of our operations) issued local guidelines on the rectification and
acceptance of internet lending information intermediaries, which require guarantors for the loans facilitated by lending platforms to be guaranty institutions or
insurance companies that hold professional guaranty qualifications. Our Creditor Partners do not hold the guarantor qualifications. To comply with the local
guidelines and also as part of our preparation for our record filing under the new marketplace lending regulations and as requested by the local Sichuan
finance bureau in connection with their inspection of our operations, we ceased our cooperation with our Creditor Partners in March 2018 and began to focus
on facilitating loan transactions solely between borrowers and investors on our platform.
As described further below under section “Business — Regulations,” the recent promulgation of Chinese national, provincial and local regulations
related to market place lending platforms may require us to cease our online lending services or change our business model as we seek to develop other
sources of revenue and comply with these regulations.”
User Acquisition
In light of various laws, regulations and rules to regulate the marketplace lending industry in China promulgated by multiple PRC governmental
authorities, in particular the requirement not to increase the transaction volume of our platform, we have reduced our spending on marketing and our user
acquisition efforts have been limited to advertising on our websites and WeChat official account and issuance of press releases.
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Our Borrowers
We service both individuals and SME borrowers. We acquire our borrowers primarily through our own efforts, including advertising through Websites
and WeChat official account and issuance of press releases. The borrowers are generally looking for short-term financings below RMB 1,000,000
(approximately US$145,590) to fund their cash flow requirement. For the year ended March 31, 2019, we have facilitated loans to over 120 borrowers with an
aggregate principal amount of approximately RMB 151 million (approximately US$22.74 million).
Our Investors
We accept investments from individual investors of all income levels.
For the year ended March 31, 2019, 213 investors made investments totaling approximately RMB 151 million (approximately US$22.7 million) through
our platform. During this period, average annual investment return for investors on our platform was 7.99%. As of March 31, 2019, we had over 3,247
investors on our platform.
Products Offered to Borrowers
We facilitate unsecured, fixed-rate loans to individual borrowers who need to finance personal purchases and SME borrowers who are in need of capital
for business operations. Currently, the loans offered on our platform have terms ranging from 1 month to 36 months.
Pursuant to the requirement of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries (the
“Interim Measures”), we do not permit individual borrowers to hold loans with aggregated outstanding principal of more than RMB 200,000 (approximately
US$29,100) or SME borrowers to hold loans with aggregated outstanding principal of more than RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$145,592).
Loans facilitated on our platform range in the amount of RMB 32,000 (approximately US$4,660) to RMB 200,000 (US$29,100) for individual borrowers
and RMB 70,000 (approximately US$10,190) to RMB 1,000,000 (approximately US$145,590) for SMEs. Our loans currently outstanding include loans of
one month, three months, six months and 36 months. The annual interest rate for loans averaged 8.39% for the year ended March 31, 2019.
For the year ended March 31, 2019, we facilitated loans to over 120 borrowers through our platform and the total amount of funds loaned to borrowers
through our platform was approximately RMB 151 million (approximately US$22.7 million).
Interest rates for the term loans on our platform currently range from 7.68% to 10.8% per annum. We also charge borrowers transaction fees for our
services ranging from 0.19% to 4.93% The transaction fee is charged as a percentage of the loan amount and is typically paid up-front at the time of the
disbursement of loan proceeds for loans accruing interest on a monthly basis and upon full payment of principal and interest of loans accruing interest on a
daily basis. We recognize revenues generated from transaction fees when the loan transactions are closed and invoices for such fees are issued. The interest
rate and transaction fee represent the total cost of borrowing for borrowers.
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A penalty fee for late payment is imposed as a percentage of the amount past due and will be paid to the investors should a default occur. All fees are
clearly disclosed to the borrowers. As of the date of this Report, we have not collected any penalty for late payment because there has not been any default or
delinquencies since we acquired our online lending platform.
We do not allow loan rollovers, i.e., the repayment of a loan using proceeds from a new loan. Therefore, a borrower may not take another loan unless the
existing loan is fully paid off.
Services Offered to Investors
Through our platform, investors have the opportunity to invest in a range of loan products with attractive returns. We provide our investors with an
automated investing tool with which an investor can invest a specified amount of money to borrowers through our platform for a specified period of time.
Once an investor commits funds to invest, the funds are automatically allocated among approved borrowers. Our automated investing tool automatically
reinvests investors' funds as long as there are sufficient funds in the investor's account, enabling investors to automatically reinvest without having to
continually revisit our website or mobile application. Investors using our automated investing tool are allowed to withdraw their funds before a loan is fully
subscribed. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, over 14% of the funds invested by investors through our platform were invested utilizing this
automated investing tool.
The minimum threshold for a lending commitment made through our automated investing tool is RMB 100 (approximately US$14.64). For the year
ended March 31, 2019, the average amount invested through our automated investing tool by each investor was approximately RMB 24,404 (approximately
US$3,753). The annual rate of return offered to an investor after deducting the management fee varies with the duration of the investment term, with 7.07% to
7.23% for loans with a term of 30 days or less and 7.07% to 9.94% for a loan with a term of longer than 30 days but up to 36 months.
We charge investors a management fee for using our investing platform. The management fee is equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and
is paid at the time of each interest payment. There is no service fee if there's no investment made from investors. We recognize revenues for services provided
to investors when such fees are paid.
Transaction Process
Our platform provides a streamlined application process for borrowers and investors alike. The entire process from initial application to disbursement of
funds on average takes approximately seven days. The following illustrates the entire application and funding process through our platform:
Stage 1: Application
Our borrower application process begins with the submission of a loan application by a prospective borrower. Borrowers can apply through our website
or mobile application. As part of the application process, the prospective borrower is asked to provide various personal and business details. The specific
personal and business details required will depend upon the borrower's desired loan product, but typically include PRC identity card information, employer
information, bank account information, credit card information and a credit report from the PBOC. For business, they will need business registration
certificate, tax certificate, financial report, bank statements and credit report from the PBOC. Our borrowers are also required to designate the use of loan
proceeds in their loan applications. After loan proceeds are disbursed, we will follow up with telephone calls to confirm such designated use of proceeds.
However, due to the lack of detailed regulations, implementation measures and guidance on regulations concerning our industry, it is unclear what measures
are required to verify the use of proceeds. We believe our current practice is sufficient in light of the type of loans facilitated and our transaction volume.
New investors sign up to our platform using a simple online portal in which they input their PRC identity card information and bank account
information. The funds they invest over our platform are deposited into a custody account managed by our custodian bank.
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Stage 2: Verification and Credit Assessment
We also supplement our review of borrower's application with data from a number of internal and external sources, including the following:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
historical credit data accumulated through our online platform;
personal identity information maintained by an organization operated under the Ministry of Public Security (the “MPS”);
personal credit information maintained by an organization operated under the PBOC;
online databases on court order, judgment and enforcement operated by China Supreme People’s Court;
online data from internet or wireless service providers, including social network information;
third-party credit check services; and
fraud “blacklists” and databases.
This data is then aggregated and used to verify an applicant's identity, for possible fraud detection and for assessment and determination of
creditworthiness.
Stage 3: Anti-Fraud and Decisioning
In order to efficiently screen borrower applicants, we have designed an initial qualification phase to review the basic information regarding a prospective
borrower that has been submitted with his application and gathered by us from available sources. After an initial check is performed, the prospective
borrower's loan application either proceeds to the next phase of the application process or the prospective borrower is notified of the decision to decline the
application.
As part of the initial qualification process, we will also conduct telephone or in-person interviews with individual borrowers or in the case of SME
borrowers, send our on-the-ground team to visit the applicant at their office, to verify borrower identity, credit data as well as collateral properties, if
applicable. If needed, we also engage appraisal firms to determine the value of collaterals. Based on initial due diligence, our business development
department prepares requisite reports as well as loan requests for submission to our risk management department for further review and verification.
If a member of the credit assessment team suspects there may be fraud involved with a particular loan application or determines that additional
verification is needed to complete the credit decisioning process, that team member will conduct further due diligence and verification, such as additional
phone calls or onsite visits to the applicant and the applicant's employer that is identified in the application.
Following our multi-level review, the credit assessment team will either approve the loan as is, approve the loan with one or more modified sets of loan
characteristics, or decline the loan application. Unqualified borrowers are notified of the decision to decline their applications for failing to meet minimum
requirements. Qualified borrowers proceed directly to the approval, listing and funding stage.
Stage 4: Approval, Listing and Funding
Once a loan application is approved, we enter into a loan agreement with respect to borrowers. The loan agreements are between a borrower, investor(s)
who fund the borrower's loan and our platform. Upon a borrower's acceptance of the loan documents, the loan is then listed on our platform for investors to
view. Once a loan is listed on our platform, investors may then subscribe to the loan using our automated or self-directed investing tools. We enter into a
finance intermediary service contract with each borrower prior to the disbursement of the loan proceeds. The contract provides for the services fees we will
charge the borrower to facilitate the loan transaction on our platform as well as the rights and obligations of each party in the transaction.
Once a loan is fully subscribed, funds are then drawn from a custody account and disbursed to the borrower.
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Stage 5: Servicing and Collections
We provide payment reminder services through text messages or phone calls one week before payment dates. For loans with a term of 30 days or shorter,
borrowers repay interest and principle upon maturity. For loans with a term of longer than 30 days, borrowers pay interest on a monthly basis.
We are generally not involved in the collection process after a loan is delinquent. Upon any of these events, the investors may sell defaulted loans to
third party asset companies. They may also initiate legal action against the borrowers in default. We only become involved in the legal action when a lender
engages us to assist the lender in a legal action initiated upon a default. Since there have not been any defaulted loans on our platform as of the date of this
Report, our collection process has not been tested in practice.
Risk Management
Our Loan Assessment Committee and Risk Management Division
We have a loan assessment committee, comprised of five individuals: director of operation, director of risk management, chief compliance officer, chief
executive officer and independent review officer. Based on the recommendation of our operation and risk management teams, each application received
through our platform is submitted to our loan assessment committee for final review and decision.
To approve a loan, our loan assessment committee must reach a consensus and the independent review officer has the authority to veto the decision of
other committee members. In the year ended March 31, 2019, approximately 90.76% of the loan applications submitted to our loan assessment committee
were approved.
We also have an independent risk management division, responsible for establishment and maintenance of risk management systems, evaluation and
assessment of risks in operation, documentation, and completion of risk analysis reports etc.
Fraud Detection
Our fraud detection system is part of our larger risk management system. The system identifies and rejects potential borrower applications. Our system
combines offline verification and the use of third-party credit services. Our offline verification activities involve members of our credit assessment team
speaking with potential borrowers and their third-party references to inquire after any inconsistencies in a loan application. We also utilize government
agency's open database to check their identity card numbers against known criminals and third party companies' credit information on potential borrowers. We
maintain a blacklist of applicants after detecting any fraudulent borrowers.
Investor Protection
We emphasize investor protection through all stages of a transaction including but not limited to implementing strict risk management measures to assess
and verify borrowers’ creditworthiness and monitoring borrowers' payment status. With all these efforts, we have not had any defaulted loan since the launch
of our platform.
We also strike to follow the best industry practice to protect our investors. For example, we have engaged XW Bank to provide fund depository services
for our platform and assume fund depository functions including settlement, accounting and safeguarding online lending capital. In addition, we have obtained
the Level III Certification of Information System Security issued by the MPS.
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Our Technology
We believe our technology platform is a competitive advantage and an important reason that borrowers and investors utilize our platform. Key features
of our technology platform include:
• Mobile applications. We have developed different user-friendly mobile applications for borrowers and investors, which enable borrowers, Creditor
Partners and investors to access our platform at any time or location. Approximately 85.13% of investments were facilitated through our mobile
application during the year ended March 31, 2019.
•
•
•
•
Fraud detection. We use a combination of current and historical data obtained during the application process, third-party data and sophisticated
analytical tools to help determine an application's fraud risk. High risk applications are subject to further investigation. In case where fraud is
confirmed, the application is cancelled, and we identify and flag characteristics of the loan to help refine our fraud detection efforts.
Scalable platform. Our platform is built on a distributed, load-balanced computing infrastructure, which is both highly scalable and reliable. The
infrastructure can be expanded easily as data storage requirements and user visits increase. We utilize a unified platform, which administrates all
systems and servers and can reconfigure or redeploy systems or servers automatically whenever needed.
Data security. Our network is configured with multiple layers of security to isolate our databases from unauthorized access and we use sophisticated
security protocols for communication among applications. To prevent unauthorized access to our system we utilize a system of firewalls and also
maintain a perimeter network, or a demilitarized zone, to separate our external-facing services from our internal systems. Our entire website and
public and private application programming interfaces use the Secure Sockets Layer networking protocol.
Stability. Our systems infrastructure is hosted in cloud based data centers in Hangzhou and Shenzhen. We have multiple layers of redundancy to
ensure the reliability of our network. We also have a working data redundancy model with comprehensive backups of our databases and our
development environment conducted every day.
Competition
The automobile financing industry in China is large and evolving. According to Didi, there were approximately 300 automobile financing and leasing
companies that have established business relationships with Didi in Chengdu City as of June 2019. We face significant competition primarily from companies
that operate in Chengdu, such as Chengdu Jingtengjian Business Consulting Co., Ltd., FAW Huidi Automotive Technology Co., Ltd. and Guobang (Chengdu)
Financing and Leasing Co., Ltd.
The online P2P lending industry is competitive in China. According to Wangdaizhijia, as of March 31, 2019, there were 959 online P2P lending
platforms that were in operation in China and 20 platforms in Sichuan, the province in which we primarily conduct our online P2P lending business. Our
competitors in Sichuan include Jinding Wealth and Chengdu Hongxue Jinxin Business Consulting Co., Ltd. We also compete nationwide with other online
P2P lending platforms, as well as traditional financial institutions, which may have a larger investor and borrower base and substantial financial resources.
We also compete with other financial products and companies that attract borrowers, investors or both. With respect to borrowers, we compete with
other internet finance marketplaces and traditional financial institutions, such as consumer finance business units in commercial banks, credit card issuers and
other consumer finance companies. With respect to investors, we primarily compete with other investment products and asset classes, such as equities, bonds,
investment trust products, bank savings accounts and real estate.
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Regulations
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China or the rights of our stockholders
to receive dividends and other distributions from us.
Regulations Related to Ride-Hailing Services
In order to manage the rapidly growing ride-hailing service market and control relevant risks, on July 28, 2016, seven ministries and commissions,
including the Ministry of Transport, jointly promulgated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Taxi Booking Business Operations and
Services, which legalizes ride-hailing services such as Didi and requires the ride-hailing services to meet the requirements set out by the Interim Measures and
obtain requisite service licenses.
On November 5, 2016, the Municipal Communications Commission of Chengdu City and a number of municipal departments jointly issued the
Implementation Rules for the Administration of Taxi Management Services for Chengdu Network. On August 10, 2017, the Transportation Commission of
Chengdu further issued guidelines on compliance requirements for ride-hailing businesses, including Working Process for the Online Appointment of Taxi
Drivers Qualification Examination and Issuance and Online Appointment Taxi Transportation Certificate Issuance Process. According to these regulations and
guidelines, three licenses or certificates are required for operating the ride-hailing business: (1) the ride-hailing service platform such as Didi is required to
obtain the online reservation taxi operating license; (2) the automobiles used for online ride-hailing are required to obtain the online reservation taxi transport
certificate (the “automobile certificate”); (3) the drivers are required obtain the online reservation taxi driver's license (the “driver’s license”).
Without requisite automobile certificate or driver’s license, ride-hailing drivers may be suspended from providing ride-hailing services, their illegal
income may be confiscated and they may be subject to fines amounting to RMB5,000 (US$730) to RMB30,000 (US$4,370) for each offense.
Regulations Related to Financial Leasing
In September 2013, the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China (“MOFCOM”) issued the Administration Measures of Supervision on
Financing Lease Enterprises (the “Leasing Measures”), to regulate and administer the business operations of financial leasing enterprises. According to the
Leasing Measures, financial leasing enterprises are allowed to carry out financial leasing businesses in such forms as direct lease, sublease, sale- and-lease-
back, leveraged lease, entrusted lease and joint lease in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, regulations and rules. However, the Leasing Measures
prohibit financial leasing enterprises from engaging in financial businesses such as accepting deposits, and providing loans or entrusted loans. Without the
approval from relevant authorities, financial leasing enterprises shall not engage in inter-bank borrowing and other businesses. In addition, financial leasing
enterprises are prohibited from carrying out illegal fund-raising activities in the name of financial leases. The Leasing Measures require financial leasing
enterprises to establish and improve their financial and internal risk control systems, and a financial leasing enterprise’s risk assets may not exceed ten times
that of its total net assets.
Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry
In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, China Banking Regulatory Commission (the “CBRC”), the
Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines on Promoting Healthy Growth of Internet
Finance (the “Guidelines”), which identified the CBRC as the supervisory regulator for the online lending industry. According to the Guidelines, online
marketplace lending platforms shall only serve as intermediaries to provide information services to borrowers and investors, and shall not provide credit
enhancement services or illegally conduct fundraising. The Guidelines also outlined certain regulatory propositions, which would require Internet finance
companies, including marketplace lending platforms, to (i) complete website registration procedures with the administrative departments overseeing
telecommunications; (ii) use banking financial institutions' depository accounts to hold lending capital, and engage an independent auditor to audit such
accounts and publish audit results to customers; (iii) improve the disclosure of operational and financial information, provide sufficient risk disclosure, and set
up thresholds for qualified investors to provide better protections to investors; (iv) enhance online security management to protect customers' personal and
transactional information; and (v) take measures against anti-money laundering and other financial crimes.
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Effective as of September 1, 2015, the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Application of Laws to the Hearing of Private Lending Cases (the
“Provisions on Private Lending Cases”) define private lending as financings between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations. The Provisions set
forth that private lending contracts will be upheld as invalid under the circumstance that (i) relending of funds to a borrower that knew or should have known
that the funds were fraudulently obtained from a financial institution; (ii) relending of funds to a borrower that knew or should have known that the funds were
borrowed from other enterprises or raised by the company's employees; (iii) lending of funds to a borrower wherein the investor knew or should have known
that the borrower intended to use the borrowed funds for illegal or criminal purposes; (iv) violations of public orders or good morals; or (v) violations of
mandatory provisions of laws or administrative regulations.
According to the Provisions on Private Lending Cases (i) when the interest rate agreed between the borrower and investor does not exceed an annual
interest rate of 24%, the People's Court will uphold the interest rate charged by the investor, and (ii) when the interest rate agreed between the borrower and
investor exceeds an annual interest rate of 36%, the portion in excess of 36% is void and the People's Court will uphold the borrower's claim for return of the
excess portion to the borrower. For loans with interest rates per annum between 24% and 36%, if the interest on the loans has already been paid to the
investor, and so long as such payment has not damaged the interest of the state, the community or any third parties, the courts will likely not enforce the
borrower's demand for the return of such interest payment. If an interest rate for overdue payments is not agreed to before lending, the interest rate on overdue
payments is permitted up to the interest rate for the loan. If neither the interest rate for the loan nor the interest rate for overdue payments have been agreed to,
overdue payments are permitted to have an interest rate of 6%.
In August 2016, the CBRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the “MIIT”), the MPS and the State Internet Information Office
jointly promulgated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries. Apart from what had
already been emphasized in the Guidelines and other previously released guidance, the Interim Measures include (i) general principles; (ii) filing
administration; (iii) business rules and risk management guidelines; (iv) protection measures for investors and borrowers; (v) rules on information disclosure;
(vi) supervision and administrative mechanisms; and (vii) legal liabilities.
Under the general principles and filing administration sections, the Interim Measures provide that online lending intermediaries shall not engage in credit
enhancement services, direct or indirect cash concentration or illegal fundraising. The sections also stipulate a supervisory system and list the administrative
responsibilities of different supervisory authorities, including the CBRC and its local counterpart and local financial regulators. Furthermore, these sections
require online lending intermediaries to file with the local financial regulators, to apply for relevant telecommunications business licenses thereafter in
accordance with the provisions of the relevant telecommunications authorities and to include serving as an Internet lending information intermediary in its
business scope.
Under the business rules and risk management guidelines section, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not engage in or
be commissioned to engage in thirteen prohibited activities, including: (i) directly or indirectly financing its own projects; (ii) directly or indirectly receiving
or collecting lenders' funds; (iii) directly or indirectly offering guarantees to lenders or guaranteeing principal and interest payments; (iv) commissioning or
authorizing a third party to advertise or promote financing projects at any physical locations other than through electronic channels such as the Internet and
mobile phones; (v) providing loans (unless otherwise permitted by laws and regulations); (vi) dividing the term of financing projects; (vii) offering its own
wealth management products or other financial products to raise funds or act as a proxy in the selling of banks' wealth management products, brokers’ asset
management products, funds, insurance or trust products; (viii) providing services similar to asset-based securitization services or conducting credit
assignment activities in the form of asset packaging, asset securitization, asset trusts or fund shares; (ix) mixing with, bundling with or acting as a proxy in
relation to investment, sales agent and brokerage services of other businesses (unless permitted by laws and regulations); (x) fabricating or exaggerating the
authenticity or earnings outlook of a financing project, concealing its flaws and risks, falsely advertising or promoting a project with intentional ambiguity or
other deceptive means, or spreading false or incomplete information to damage the commercial reputation of others, or to mislead lenders or borrowers; (xi)
providing intermediary services for loans used to invest in high-risk financing projects such as stocks, over-the-counter margin financing, futures contracts,
structured products and other derivatives; (xii) operating equity-based crowd-funding; and (xiii) other activities prohibited by laws and regulations. The
Interim Measures, under the business rules and risk management section, also stipulate specific obligations or business principles of online lending
intermediaries, including but not limited to online dispute resolution services, examination and verification functions, anti-fraud measures, risk education and
training, information reporting, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, systems, facilities and technologies, service fees, electronic signatures and loan
management. In addition, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not operate businesses other than risk management and
necessary business processes such as information collection and confirmation, post-loan tracking and pledge management in accordance with online-lending
regulations, via offline physical locations. Furthermore, the Interim Measures provide that online lending intermediaries shall, based on their risk management
capabilities, set upper limits on the loan balance of a single borrower borrowing both from one online lending intermediary and from all online lending
intermediaries. In the case of natural persons, this limit shall not be more than RMB 200,000 (US$30,756) for one online lending intermediary and not more
than RMB 1 million (US$153,782) in total from all platforms, while the limit for a legal person or organization shall not be more than RMB 1 million for one
online lending intermediary and not more than RMB 5 million (US$768,911) in total from all platforms.
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In the protection for investors and borrowers section, the Interim Measures require that online lending intermediaries (i) separate their own capital from
funds received from lenders and borrowers and (ii) select a qualified banking financial institution as their funding depository institution, which shall perform
depository and administration responsibilities as required. In the remaining sections, the Interim Measures provide for other miscellaneous requirements for
online lending intermediaries, including but not limited to, risk assessment and disclosure, auditing and authentication, industry association, reporting
obligations, information security and disclosure and legal liabilities. Online lending intermediaries established prior to the effectiveness of the Interim
Measures have a transition period of twelve months to rectify any activities that are non-compliant with the Interim Measures, except with respect to criminal
activity, which must be terminated immediately.
In October 2016, several regulations on Internet finance were publicly announced, including but not limited to, the Notice of the General Office of the
State Council on the Issuance of Special Rectification Implementation Plan regarding Internet Finance, Special Rectification Implementation Plan regarding
Online Lending Risks, Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks of Asset Management Business through the Internet and Trans-subject Business,
Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks regarding Non-Bank Payment Institutions, Special Rectification Implementation Plan for Risks of
Internet Financing Advertising and Financial Activities in the form of financial investment (together the “Special Rectification Implementation Plans”). The
Special Rectification Implementation Plans emphasize principles and rules in related to Internet finance regulations, and stipulate that (i) “look-through”
supervision method shall be adopted, and (ii) companies in the same group that hold a number of financial business qualifications shall not violate rules of
related party transactions and other related business regulations.
In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (“SAIC”), jointly issued the Guidance to the
Administration of Filling and Registration of Online Lending Information Intermediaries (the “Guidance of Administration”), which provides the general
filing rules for online lending intermediaries, and delegates the filing authority to local financial authorities. The Guidance of Administration require that
online lending intermediaries apply for registration with local financial regulators. Under the general filing procedures for online lending intermediaries which
had already been established and operated prior to the promulgation of the Guidance of Administration, before an filing application is submitted to local
financial regulators, the online lending intermediaries may be required to: (i) rectify any breach of applicable regulations as required by local financial
regulators; and (ii) apply to the SAIC to amend or register such entity's the business scope.
The CBRC also authorizes local financial regulators to make detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures.
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In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to Regulate Funds Depositories for Online Lending Intermediaries (the “Depository Guidance”). The
Depository Guidance defines depositories as commercial banks that provide online lending fund depository services, and stipulates that the depositories shall
not be engaged in offering any guarantee, including: (i) offering guarantees for lending transaction activities conducted by online lending intermediaries, or
undertaking any liability for breach of contract related to such activities; (ii) offering guarantees to lenders, guarantying principal and earnings or bearing the
risks associated with fund lending operations for lenders.
Apart from the requirements set forth in the Interim Measures and the Guidance of Administration, the Depository Guidance imposes certain
responsibilities on online lending intermediaries, including requiring them to enter into fund depository agreements with only one commercial bank to provide
fund depository services, organize independent auditing on funds depository accounts of borrowers and investors and various other services. The Depository
Guidance also provides that online lending intermediaries permitted to develop an online lending fund depository business shall satisfy certain conditions,
including: (i) completing registration, filing records and obtaining a business license from the SAIC; (ii) filing records with the local financial regulator; and
(iii) applying for a corresponding value-added telecommunications business license pursuant to the relevant telecommunication authorities. The Depository
Guidance also requires online lending intermediaries to perform various obligations, and prohibits them advertising their services with the information of their
depository except for in accordance with necessary exposure requirements, the interpretation and applicability of which is unclear, as well as oversight
requirements. The Depository Guidance also raises other business standards and miscellaneous requirements for depositories and online lending
intermediaries as well. Online lending intermediaries and commercial banks conducting the online depository services prior to the effectiveness of the
Depository Guidance have a six-month grace period to rectify any activities not in compliance with the Depository Guidance.
Some elements of our platform may not currently be operating in full compliance with the Depository Guidelines, the rules proposed by the Interim
Measures and other principles that have been announced in recent years. Moreover, the Interim Measures also stipulated a 12-month transition period from the
time of its effectiveness for online lending intermediaries to adjust their business models. See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business
in China — Our operations may need to be modified to comply with existing and future requirements set forth by the CBRC or laws or regulations
promulgated by other PRC authorities regulating the marketplace lending industry in China.”
In addition, on April 7, 2017, the CBRC issued the Guideline of Risk Prevention and Control of Banking Industry, which prohibits online lending
intermediaries from (i) approaching potential borrowers that are incapable of repaying or (ii) offering Online Lending Services to college students under the
age of 18.
In December 2017, the Online Lending Rectification Office issued the Notice on the Rectification and Inspection Acceptance of Risk of Online Lending
Intermediaries (“Circular 57”), providing further clarification on several matters in connection with the rectification and record-filing of online lending
information intermediaries, including, among other things:
•
•
Requirements relating to risk reserve funds. The online lending information intermediaries shall discontinue setting aside additional funds as risk
reserve funds or originating new risk reserve funds. In addition, the existing balance of risk reserve funds shall be gradually reduced. Moreover,
online lending information intermediaries are prohibited from promoting their services by publicizing the risk reserve funds, and authorities shall
actively encourage the online lending information intermediaries to seek third parties to provide lenders with alternate means of investors' protection,
including third-party guarantee arrangements.
Requirements relating to assignment of debt. Low frequency assignment of debts between lenders shall be deemed as compliance. However,
providing services similar to asset-based securitization services or conducting credit assignment activities in the form of asset packaging, asset
securitization, asset trusts or fund shares shall be deemed as incompliance; “super lender” mode, which the senior manager or affiliated person of
online lending information intermediaries, under the authorization of the platform, concluding loan agreements with the borrower and extending
loans directly to the borrower and then release a product equaling to the amount of the loan on the platform, transferring the creditor's right to the
actual lender, will be deemed as incompliance.
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•
•
Requirements to qualify for record-filing. Circular 57 sets forth certain requirements which an online lending intermediary shall not be in breach
before it can qualify for the record-filing, including: (i) an online lending intermediary may not conduct the “thirteen prohibited actions” or exceed
the individual lending amount limit after August 24, 2016, and shall gradually reduce the balance; (ii) an online lending intermediary which has
participated in businesses of the real estate mortgage, campus loan or “cash loan,” is required to suspend the new loan origination and the outstanding
balance of the abovementioned loans shall be gradually reduced within a certain timetable as required under the CBRC Circular 26 and Circular 141
(as defined below); and (iii) the online lending intermediaries are required to set up custody accounts with qualified banks that have passed certain
testing and evaluation procedures run by the National Online Lending Rectification Office to hold customer funds. For the online lending
intermediaries that are unable to accomplish the rectification and record-filing but are continuing to participate in the online lending business, the
relevant authorities shall subject online lending intermediaries to administrative sanctions, including but not limited to revoking their
telecommunicating business operation license, shutting down their business websites and requesting financial institutions not to provide any financial
services to such online lending intermediaries.
Requirements relating to the timing of record-filing. The local governmental authorities shall conduct and complete acceptance inspection of the
rectification with the following timetable: (i) completion of record-filing for major online lending information intermediaries by the end of April
2018; (ii) with respect to online lending information intermediaries with substantial outstanding balance of those loans prohibited under the relevant
laws and regulations and timely reduction of those balance is difficult, the relevant business and outstanding balance shall be disposed and/or carved
out, and record-filing shall be completed by the end of May 2018; (iii) with respect to those online lending information intermediaries with complex
and extraordinary circumstances and substantial difficulties exist to complete rectification, the “relevant work” shall be completed by the end of June
2018.
In December 2017, the Internet Finance Rectification Office and the Online Lending Rectification Office jointly issued the Notice on Regulating and
Rectifying “Cash Loan” Business (the “Circular 141”), outlining general requirements on the “cash loan” business conducted by network microcredit
companies, banking financial institutions and online lending information intermediaries. Circular 141 specifies the features of “cash loans” as not relying on
consumption scenarios, with no specified use of loan proceeds, no qualification requirement on customers and unsecured etc. Circular 141 sets forth several
general requirements with respect to “cash loan” business, including, without limitation: (i) no organizations or individuals may conduct the lending business
without obtaining approvals for the lending business; (ii) the aggregated borrowing costs of borrowers charged by institutions in the forms of interest and
various fees should be annualized and subject to the limit on interest rate of private lending set forth in the Private Lending Judicial Interpretations issued by
the Supreme People’s Court; (iii) all relevant institutions shall follow the “know-your-customer” principle and prudentially assess and determine the
borrower's eligibility, credit limit and cooling-off period, etc. Loans to any borrower without income sources are prohibited; and (iv) all relevant institutions
shall enhance the internal risk control and prudentially use the “data-driven” risk management model.
In additions, Circular 141 emphasizes several requirements on the online lending information intermediaries. For instance, such intermediaries are
prohibited from facilitating any loans to students or other persons without repayment source or repayment capacity, or loans with no designated use of
proceeds. Also, such intermediaries are not permitted to deduct interest, handling fee, management fee or deposit from the principal of loans provided to the
borrowers in advance.
Any violation of Circular 141 may result in penalties, including but not limited to suspension of operation, orders to make rectification, condemnation,
revocation of license, order to cease business operation, and criminal liabilities.
On December 8, 2017, the Office of the Leading Group for the Special Campaign against Peer-to-peer Lending Risks released Circular 57. Circular 57
requires local financial regulator, local CBRC, the People’s Bank local branch, local public security, local communication administrative department and local
Administration for Industry and Commerce (“AIC”) to jointly inspect and accept whether an internet lending information intermediary or P2P company
complies with the Interim Measures. The P2P company can only be filed records (“P2P Filing”) with the local financial regulator after receiving acceptance
certificate or document issued jointly by local financial regulator and local CBRC. Normally, the P2P Filing should be completed before April 2018 according
to the Circular 57. Circular 57 forbids several credit assignment models, including: (i) providing asset securitization services or transfer creditor’s rights in
form of packaged assets, securitized assets, trust assets or fund shares; (ii) certain credit transfer from related individual party of the P2P company to the
lender on the platform; and (iii) using credit right from the peer-to-peer lending platform as a pledge to borrow money from other lenders. In accordance with
Circular 57, online lending marketplaces shall optimize their business portfolios continuously and manage the scale of their businesses. Marketplaces that
have received rectification notices shall ensure steady decrease of the balance of non-compliant business on these marketplaces and shall not engage in any
new non-compliant operations.
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On August 13, 2018, the Office of the Leading Group for the Special Campaign against Peer-to-peer Lending Risks issued the Notice on Conducting
Compliance Inspection on P2P Lending Platforms, or the Notice on Compliance Inspection, which requires that P2P lending platforms, local internet finance
associations and relevant governmental authorities conduct compliance inspections based on a checklist of 108 compliance criteria and that such inspections
shall be completed by December 31, 2018. The Notice on Compliance Inspection further states that only P2P lending platforms which pass the compliance
check and satisfy a period of operations and tests may apply for filing.
In January 2019, the Office of the Lending Group for the Special Campaign against Internet Financial Risks and the Office of the Special Campaign
against Peer-to-peer Lending Risks issued Circular 175. according to Circular 175, except for large-scale peer-to-peer direct lending marketplaces that have
not demonstrated any high-risk characteristics, which are generally referred to as Normal Marketplaces, other marketplaces, including shell companies with no
substantive operation, small-scale marketplaces, marketplaces with high risks and marketplaces on which investors are not fully repaid or that are otherwise
unable to operate their businesses, shall exit the peer-to-peer lending industry or cease operation. Normal Marketplaces shall cease operating businesses that
are not in compliance with laws and regulations. Circular 175 also encourages certain Normal Marketplaces to convert into other types of online financing
institutions such as online small loan companies or loan facilitation platforms. In accordance with Circular 175, Normal Marketplaces shall strictly manage the
scale of its business and number of investors, follow the requirements of Dual Decrease and report relevant data to competent government agencies.
According to Circular 175, the overarching objective of Circular 175 is for PRC government agencies to effect orderly exits of certain peer-to-peer direct
lending marketplaces without inducing systematic risk in the financial system or causing significant social turbulence until only those marketplaces that are
strictly in compliance with all relevant laws and regulations remain in operation in the peer-to-peer direct lending industry.
Regulations Related to Illegal Fundraising
PRC laws and regulations prohibit persons and companies from raising funds through advertising to the public a promise to repay premium or interest
payments over time through payments in cash or in kind except with the prior approval of the applicable government authorities. Failure to comply with these
laws and regulations may result in penalties imposed by the PBOC, the AIC and other governmental authorities and can lead to civil or criminal lawsuits.
The Measures for the Banning of Illegal Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Business Operations, promulgated by the State Council of the
People’s Republic of China (“State Council”) in July 1998, and amended on January 2011, and the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning the Penalty on
Illegal Fund-Raising, issued by the General Office of the State Council in July 2007, explicitly prohibit illegal public fund-raising. The main features of illegal
public fund-raising include: (i) illegally soliciting and raising funds from the general public by means of issuing stocks, bonds, lotteries or other securities
without obtaining the approval of relevant authorities, (ii) promising a return of interest or profits or investment returns in cash, properties or other forms
within a specified period of time, and (iii) using a legitimate form to disguise the unlawful purpose.
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The Supreme People’s Court promulgated the Judicial Interpretations to Issues Concerning Applications of Laws for Trial of Criminal Cases on Illegal
Fund-Raising (the “Illegal Fund-Raising Judicial Interpretations”), which became effective in January 4, 2011, to clarify the criminal charges and punishments
regarding illegal public fund-raising. The Illegal Fund-Raising Judicial Interpretations provide that a public fund-raising will constitute a criminal offense of
“illegally soliciting deposits from the public” under the PRC Criminal Law, if it meets all of the following criteria: (i) the fund-raising has not been approved
by relevant authorities or is concealed under the disguise of legitimate acts; (ii) the fund-raising employs general solicitation or advertising such as social
media, promotion meetings, leafleting and short messaging service advertising; (iii) the fundraiser promises to repay, after a specified period of time, the
capital and interests, or investment returns in cash, properties in kind or other payment forms; and (iv) the fund-raising targets the general public as opposed to
specific individuals. An illegal fund-raising activity will be fined or prosecuted in the event that it constitutes a criminal offense. Pursuant to the Illegal Fund-
Raising Judicial Interpretations, an offender that is an entity will be subject to criminal liabilities, if it illegally solicits deposits from the general public or
illegally solicits deposits in disguised form (i) with the amount of deposits involved exceeding RMB1,000,000, (ii) with over 150 fund-raising targets
involved, or (iii) with the direct economic loss caused to fund-raising targets exceeding RMB500,000, or (iv) the illegal fund-raising activities have caused
baneful influences to the public or have led to other severe consequences. An individual offender is also subject to criminal liabilities but with lower
thresholds. The Measures for the Banning of Illegal Financial Institutions and Illegal Financial Business Operations also prohibits facilitating loans to the
public without the approval of the PBOC.
Our platform only acts as an information service provider in the facilitation of loans between borrowers and investors, our platform has not been subject
to any fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. In this regard, as advised by our PRC counsel, the business
operation of our platform does not violate the current existing PRC laws and regulations prohibiting illegal fundraising. Nevertheless, uncertainties exist with
respect to the PBOC, AIC and other governmental authorities' interpretations of the fundraising-related laws and regulations. While our agreements with
investors require investors to guarantee the legality of all funds investors put on our platform, we do not verify the source of investors’ funds separately, and
therefore, to the extent that investors' funds are obtained through illegal fundraising, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of illegal fundraising. In
addition, while our loan agreements contain provisions that require borrowers to use the proceeds for purposes listed in their loan applications, we do not
monitor the borrowers' use of funds on an on-going basis, and therefore, to the extent that borrowers use proceeds from the loans for illegal activities, we may
be negligently liable as a facilitator of an illegal use. Although we have designed and implemented procedures to identify and eliminate instances of fraudulent
conduct on our platform, as the number of borrowers and investors on our platform increases, we may not be able to identify all fraudulent conduct that may
violate illegal fundraising laws and regulations.
Regulations Related to Value-Added Telecommunication Business Certificates and Foreign Investment Restrictions
PRC regulations impose sanctions for engaging in Internet information services of a commercial nature without having obtained an ICP certificate or
engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing (“ODPTP”) without having obtained an ODPTP certificate. These sanctions
include corrective orders and warnings from the PRC communication administration authority, fines and confiscation of illegal gains and, in the case of
significant infringements, the websites may be ordered to close. Nevertheless, the PRC regulatory authorities' enforcement of such regulations in the context
of online lending platforms remains unclear.
According to the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-invested Telecommunication Enterprises, the ratio of investment by foreign investors in a
foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of a value-added telecommunication business shall not exceed 50%. The Circular
of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Concerning Lifting Restrictions on the Proportion of Foreign Equity in Online Data Processing and
Transaction Processing Business (E-commerce) (the “Circular 196”), which was promulgated on June 19, 2015, provides that foreign investors are permitted
to invest up to 100% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise engaging in the operation of online data processing and
transaction processing (E-commerce). However, foreign investors are only permitted to invest up to 50% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested
telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of Internet information services. Under either circumstance, the largest foreign investor will be
required to have a satisfactory business track record and operational experience in the value-added telecommunications business.
While Circular 196 permits foreign ownership, in whole or in part, of online data and deal processing businesses (E-commerce), a sub-set of value-added
telecommunications services, it is not clear whether our online lending platform will be deemed as online data and deal processing. See “Business — Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We may be required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business certificate and be subject to
foreign investment restrictions.”
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Regulations Related to Internet Advertising
The Interim Measures for Administration of Internet Advertising (the “Internet Advertising Measures”), were adopted by the SAIC and became effective
on September 1, 2016. The Internet Advertising Measures regulate Internet advertising activities. According to the Internet Advertising Measures, Internet
advertisers are responsible for the authenticity of the content of advertisements. The identity, administrative license, cited information and other certificates
that advertisers are required to obtain in publishing Internet advertisements shall be true and valid. Internet advertisements shall be distinguishable and
prominently marked as “advertisements” in order to enable consumers to identify them as advertisements. Publishing and circulating advertisements through
the Internet shall not affect the normal use of the Internet by users. It is not allowed to induce users to click on the content of advertisements by any fraudulent
means, or to attach advertisements or advertising links in the emails without permission. The Internet Advertising Measures also impose several restrictions on
the forms of advertisements and activities used in advertising. “Internet advertising” as defined in the Internet Advertising Measures refers to commercial
advertisements that directly or indirectly promote goods or services through websites, web pages, Internet applications or other Internet media in various
forms, including texts, pictures, audio clips and videos. Where Internet advertisements are not identifiable and marked as “advertisements”, a fine of not more
than RMB 100,000 (US$15,378) may be imposed in accordance with Advertising Law. A fine ranging from RMB 5,000 (US$769) to RMB 30,000
(US$4,613) may be imposed for any failure to provide a prominently marked “CLOSE” button to ensure “one-click closure”. Advertisers who induce users to
click on the content of advertisements by fraudulent means or without permission, attach advertisements or advertising links in the emails shall be imposed a
fine ranging from RMB 10,000 (US$1,538) to RMB 30,000 (US$4,613). Our marketplace is in the process of complying with the new Internet Advertising
Measures during our advertising activities.
Regulations Related to Information Security and Confidentiality of User Information
Internet activities in China are regulated and restricted by the PRC government and are subject to criminal penalties under the Decision Regarding the
Protection of Internet Security.
The MPS has promulgated measures that prohibit use of the Internet in ways that, among other things, result in leaks of government secrets or the spread
of socially destabilizing content. The MPS and its local counterparts have authority to supervise and inspect domestic websites to carry out its measures.
Internet information service providers that violate these measures may have their licenses revoked and their websites shut down.
On June 22, 2007, the MPS, the State Secrecy Administration and other relevant authorities jointly issued the Administrative Measures for the
Hierarchical Protection of Information Security, which divides information systems into five categories and requires the operators of information systems
ranking above Grade II to file an application with the local Bureau of Public Security within 30 days of the date of its security protection grade determination
or since its operation. The Company completed its registration with the local Bureau of Public Security in April, 2017.
The PRC government regulates the security and confidentiality of Internet users’ information. The Administrative Measures on Internet Information
Service, the Regulations on Technical Measures of Internet Security Protection and the Provisions on Protecting Personal Information of Telecommunication
and Internet Users, which were issued on July 16, 2013 by the MIIT, set forth strict requirements to protect personal information of Internet users and require
Internet information service providers to maintain adequate systems to protect the security of such information. Personal information collected must be used
only in connection with the services provided by the Internet information service provider. Moreover, the Rules for Regulating the Order in the Market for
Internet Information Service also protect Internet users’ personal information by (i) prohibiting Internet information service providers from unauthorized
collection, disclosure or use of their users’ personal information and (ii) requiring Internet information service providers to take measures to safeguard their
users' personal information. In December 2012, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Decision on Strengthening Internet
Information Protection, which provides that all Internet service providers in China, including Internet information service providers, must require that their
users provide identification information before entering into service agreements or providing services.
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On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress released the Cyber Security Law, which came into effect on June 1,
2017 (“Cyber Security Law”). The Cyber Security Law requires network operators to perform certain functions related to cyber security protection and the
strengthening of network information management. For instance, under the Cyber Security Law, network operators of key information infrastructure generally
shall, during their operations in the PRC, store the personal information and important data collected and produced within the territory of PRC.
On April 11, 2017, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced the Measures for the Security Assessment of Personal Information and Important
Data to be Transmitted Abroad (consultation draft) (the “Consultation Draft of Security Assessment Measures”). The Consultation Draft of Security
Assessment Measures requires network operators to conduct security assessments and obtain consents from owners of personal information prior to
transmitting personal information and other important data abroad. Moreover, under the Consultation Draft of Security Assessment Measures, the network
operators are required to apply to the relevant regulatory authorities for security assessments under several circumstances, including but not limited to: (i) if
data to be transmitted abroad contains personal information of more than 500,000 users in aggregate; (ii) if the quantity of the data to be transmitted abroad is
more than 1,000 gigabytes; (iii) if data to be transmitted abroad contains information regarding nuclear facilities, chemical biology, national defense or
military projects, population and health, or relates to large-scale engineering activities, marine environment issues or sensitive geographic information; (iv) if
data to be transmitted abroad contains network security information regarding system vulnerabilities or security protection of critical information
infrastructure; (v) if key information infrastructure network operators transmit personal information and important data abroad; or (vi) if any other data to be
transmitted abroad contains information that might affect national security or public interest and are required to be assessed as determined by the relevant
regulatory authorities.
Regulations Related to Company Establishment and Foreign Investment
The establishment, operation and management of corporate entities in China is governed by the Company Law of the PRC (the “Company Law”).
According to the Company Law, companies established in the PRC are either limited liability companies or joint stock limited liability companies. The
Company Law applies to both PRC domestic companies and foreign-invested companies. The establishment procedures, approval procedures, registered
capital requirements, foreign exchange matters, accounting practices, taxation and labor matters of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise are regulated by the
Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law of the PRC and the Implementation Regulation of the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law. According to these
regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC may only pay dividends out of their accumulated profit, if any, determined in accordance with PRC
accounting standards and regulations. A PRC company is required to set aside general reserves of at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative
amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital unless the provisions of laws regarding foreign investment provide otherwise. In addition, PRC
companies may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to employee welfare and bonus funds at their discretion. These
reserves and employee welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends. A PRC company may not distribute any profits until any losses from
prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year. In
September 2016, the National People's Congress Standing Committee published its decision to revise the laws relating to wholly foreign-owned enterprises
and other foreign-invested enterprises. Such decision, which became effective on October 1, 2016, changes the “filing or approval” procedure for foreign
investments in China such that foreign investments in business sectors not subject to special administrative measures will only be required to complete a filing
instead of the existing requirements to apply for approval. The special entry management measures shall be promulgated or approved to be promulgated by the
State Council. Pursuant to a notice issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) and MOFCOM on October 8, 2016, the special
entry management measures shall be implemented with reference to the relevant regulations as stipulated in the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign
Investment in relation to the restricted foreign investment industries, prohibited foreign investment industries and encouraged foreign investment industries.
Pursuant to the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications Filing for Foreign Investment Enterprises promulgated by
MOFCOM on October 8, 2016, establishment and changes of foreign investment enterprises not subject to the approval under the special entry management
measures shall be filed with the relevant commerce authorities.
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The Provisions on Guiding the Orientation of Foreign Investment and the 2015 revision of the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment
classify foreign investment projects into four categories: encouraged projects, permitted projects, restricted projects and prohibited projects. The purpose of
these regulations is to direct foreign investment into certain priority industry sectors and restrict or prohibit investment in other sectors. If the industry sector
in which the investment is to occur falls into the encouraged category, foreign investment can be conducted through the establishment of a wholly foreign-
owned enterprise. If a restricted category, foreign investment may be conducted through the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, provided
certain requirements are met, and, in some cases, the establishment of a joint venture enterprise is required with varying minimum shareholdings for the
Chinese party depending on the particular industry. If a prohibited category, foreign investment of any kind is not allowed. Any industry not falling into any of
the encouraged, restricted or prohibited categories is classified as a permitted industry for foreign investment. Our online lending and risk management
consulting businesses are classified as permitted foreign investment projects. However, if our online lending platform is required to obtain an ICP certificate
(see “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We may be required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business
certificate and be subject to foreign investment restrictions.”), our foreign investment will not be permitted to exceed 50% and the main foreign investor will
be required to have a good track record and operational experience in value-added telecommunications businesses.
The Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version) (the “2018 Negative List”), which was
promulgated jointly by the MOFCOM and the NDRC on June 28, 2018 and became effective on July 28, 2018, replaced and partly abolished the Guidance
Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 Revision) regulating the access of foreign investors to China. Foreign investors should refrain from
making investing in any of prohibited sectors specified in the 2018 Negative List, and foreign investors are required to obtain the permit for access to other
sectors that are listed in the 2018 Negative List but not classified as “prohibited.”
On June 30, 2019, the MOFCOM and the NDRC promulgated the new Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative
List) (2019 Version) which will become effective on July 31, 2019 (the “2019 Negative List”) to replace the 2018 Negative List. Neither our Automobile
Transaction and Related Services nor our Online Lending Services is listed in 2018 Negative List or 2019 Negative List. However, if we are required to obtain
an ICP certificate for our Online Lending Services, we may be subject to foreign investment restrictions which prohibit us from holding more than 50% of our
Online Lending Services.
According to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural
persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (collectively referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, and the investment
activities include the following situations: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise
within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a
foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within China; and (iv) investments in other means as provided by
laws, administrative regulations, or the State Council.
According to the Foreign Investment Law, the State Council will publish or approve to publish the “negative list” for special administrative measures
concerning foreign investment. The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested enterprises (“FIEs”), except for those FIEs that
operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. Because the “negative list” has yet to be published, it is unclear
whether it will differ from the current Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List). The Foreign Investment
Law provides that FIEs operating in foreign restricted or prohibited industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC
governmental authorities. If a foreign investor is found to invest in any prohibited industry in the “negative list”, such foreign investor may be required to,
among other aspects, cease its investment activities, dispose of its equity interests or assets within a prescribed time limit and have its income confiscated. If
the investment activity of a foreign investor is in breach of any special administrative measure for restrictive access provided for in the “negative list”, the
relevant competent department shall order the foreign investor to make corrections and take necessary measures to meet the requirements of the special
administrative measure for restrictive access.
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Besides, the PRC government will establish a foreign investment information reporting system, according to which foreign investors or foreign-invested
enterprises shall submit investment information to the competent department for commerce concerned through the enterprise registration system and the
enterprise credit information publicity system, and a security review system under which the security review shall be conducted for foreign investment
affecting or likely affecting the state security.
Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign
investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after the implementing of the Foreign Investment Law.
In addition, the Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC,
including, among others, that a foreign investor may freely transfer into or out of China, in Renminbi or a foreign currency, its contributions, profits, capital
gains, income from disposition of assets, royalties of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation lawfully acquired, and income from liquidation,
among others, within China; local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; governments at all levels and their departments
shall enact local normative documents concerning foreign investment in compliance with laws and regulations and shall not impair legitimate rights and
interests, impose additional obligations onto FIEs, set market access restrictions and exit conditions, or intervene with the normal production and operation
activities of FIEs; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made
in a timely manner, expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; and mandatory technology transfer is prohibited.
Regulations Related to Labor and Social Security
Pursuant to the PRC Labor Law, the PRC Labor Contract Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Employment Contracts Law, labor relationships
between employers and employees must be executed in written form. Wages may not be lower than the local minimum wage. Employers must establish a
system for labor safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state standards and provide relevant education to its employees. Employees are also required to work in
safe and sanitary conditions.
On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch.
Under such law, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of full-time employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an
employer hires may not exceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.
Additionally, dispatched workers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor
Dispatch promulgated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number
of dispatched workers hired by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and
dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to
reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% of the total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016. In addition, an employer is not
permitted to hire any new dispatched worker until the number of its dispatched workers has been reduced to below 10% of the total number of its employees.
Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, including the Social Insurance Law, the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Security
Funds and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Accumulation Funds, employers are required to contribute, on behalf of their employees, to a
number of social security funds, including funds for basic pension insurance, unemployment insurance, basic medical insurance, occupational injury
insurance, maternity leave insurance and housing accumulation funds. These payments are made to local administrative authorities and any employer who
fails to contribute may be fined and ordered to pay the deficit amount. See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Failure
to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.”
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Regulations on Intellectual Property
The PRC has adopted legislation governing intellectual property rights, including copyrights, trademarks and patents. The PRC is a signatory to major
international conventions on intellectual property rights and is subject to the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights as a result of
its accession to the World Trade Organization in December 2001.
The National People's Congress amended the Copyright Law in 2001 and 2010 to widen the scope of works and rights that are eligible for copyright
protection. The amended, the Copyright Law extends copyright protection to Internet activities, products disseminated over the Internet and software products.
In addition, there is a voluntary registration system administered by the China Copyright Protection Center. To address copyright infringement related to
content posted or transmitted over the Internet, the National Copyright Administration and former Ministry of Information Industry jointly promulgated the
Administrative Measures for Copyright Protection Related to the Internet in April 2005. These measures became effective in May 2005.
On December 20, 2001, the State Council promulgated the new Regulations on Computer Software Protection, effective from January 1, 2002, and
revised in 2013, which are intended to protect the rights and interests of the computer software copyright holders and encourage the development of software
industry and information economy. In the PRC, software developed by PRC citizens, legal persons or other organizations is automatically protected
immediately after its development, without an application or approval. Software copyrights may be registered with the designated agency and if registered, the
certificate of registration issued by the software registration agency will be the primary evidence of the ownership of the copyright and other registered
matters. On February 20, 2002, the National Copyright Administration of the PRC introduced the Measures on Computer Software Copyright Registration,
which outline the operational procedures for registration of software copyright, as well as registration of software copyright license and transfer contracts. The
Copyright Protection Center of China is mandated as the software registration agency.
The PRC Trademark Law, adopted in 1982 and revised in 1993, 2001 and 2013 respectively, protects the proprietary rights to registered trademarks. The
Trademark Office under the SAIC handles trademark registrations and may grant a term of ten years for registered trademarks, which may be extended for
another ten years upon request. Trademark license agreements shall be filed with the Trademark Office for record. In addition, if a registered trademark is
recognized as a well-known trademark, the protection of the proprietary right of the trademark holder may reach beyond the specific class of the relevant
products or services.
The Patent Law of the PRC and its Implementation Rules provide for three types of patents: invention, utility model and design. The duration of a patent
right is either 10 years or 20 years from the date of application, depending on the type of patent right.
Regulations Related to Foreign Exchange
The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, which were most
recently amended in August 2008. Payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions,
can usually be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) by complying with certain
procedural requirements. By contrast, approval from or registration with appropriate PRC authorities or banks authorized by appropriate PRC authorities is
required where RMB capital is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses.
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SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of
Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises (“Circular 19”), effective on June 1, 2015, in replacement of SAFE Circular 142 (the Circular on the Relevant
Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested
Enterprises. According to Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-
invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans or the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or
the repayment of banks loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-
denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within the PRC, it also reiterates the principle that RMB
converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its
business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in the PRC in actual practice. SAFE promulgated
the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital
Account (the “Circular 16”), effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using
RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition
against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 or Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties.
From 2012, SAFE has promulgated several circulars to substantially amend and simplify the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to these
circulars, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts, the reinvestment of RMB proceeds by foreign investors in the PRC and
remittance of foreign exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders no longer require the approval or verification
of SAFE. In addition, domestic companies are no longer limited to extend cross-border loans to their offshore subsidiaries but are also allowed to provide
loans to their offshore parents and affiliates and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces. SAFE also promulgated
the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the
Supporting Documents in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the
PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in the PRC based on the
registration information provided by SAFE and its branches. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated SAFE Circular 13, which took effect on June 1, 2015.
SAFE Circular 13 delegates the power to enforce the foreign exchange registration in connection with inbound and outbound direct investments under
relevant SAFE rules from local branches of SAFE to banks, thereby further simplifying the foreign exchange registration procedures for inbound and
outbound direct investments.
On January 26, 2017, SAFE issued the Notice of State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Improving the Check of Authenticity and Compliance to
Further Promote Foreign Exchange Control (the “SAFE Circular 3”), which stipulates several capital control measures with respect to the outbound remittance
of profit from domestic entities to offshore entities, including (i) under the principle of genuine transaction, banks shall check board resolutions regarding
profit distribution, the original version of tax filing records and audited financial statements; and (ii) domestic entities shall hold income to account for
previous years’ losses before remitting the profits. Moreover, pursuant to SAFE Circular 3, domestic entities shall make detailed explanations of the sources
of capital and utilization arrangements, and provide board resolutions, contracts and other proof when completing the registration procedures in connection
with an outbound investment.
Regulations Relating to Offshore Special Purpose Companies Held by PRC Residents
SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident's Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through
Special Purpose Vehicles (the “SAFE Circular 37”) in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection
with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or
entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information
(including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares,
or mergers or divisions.
SAFE Circular 37 was issued to replace SAFE Circular 75 (the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC
Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles. SAFE further enacted the Notice on Further Simplifying
and Improving the Foreign Exchange Management Policies for Direct Investment (the “SAFE Circular 13”) effective from June 1, 2015, which allows PRC
residents or entities to register with qualified banks in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of
overseas investment or financing. However, remedial registration applications made by PRC residents that previously failed to comply with the SAFE Circular
37 continue to fall under the jurisdiction of the relevant local branch of SAFE. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose
vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from distributing profits to the
offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to
contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could
result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls.
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See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC
residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident
beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.”
SAFE Regulations Relating to Employee Stock Incentive Plans
On February 15, 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals
Participating in Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies (the “Stock Option Rules”), which replaced the Application Procedures of
Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Ownership Plans or Stock Option Plans of Overseas Publicly-
Listed Companies issued by SAFE on March 28, 2007. Under the Stock Option Rules and other relevant rules and regulations, PRC residents who participate
in a stock incentive plan in an overseas publicly listed company are required to register with SAFE or its local branches and complete certain other procedures.
Participants of a stock incentive plan who are PRC residents must retain a qualified PRC agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly
listed company or another qualified institution selected by such PRC subsidiary, to conduct the SAFE registration and other procedures with respect to the
stock incentive plan on behalf of its participants. Such participants must also retain an overseas entrusted institution to handle matters in connection with their
exercise of stock options, the purchase and sale of corresponding shares or interests and fund transfers. In addition, the PRC agent is required to amend the
SAFE registration with respect to our share incentive plans if there are any material changes to the share incentive plans, the PRC agent or the overseas
entrusted institution or other material changes. In addition, SAFE Circular 37 provides that PRC residents who participate in a share incentive plan of an
overseas unlisted special purpose company may register with SAFE or its local branches before exercising rights. See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks
Related to Doing Business in China — Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans
may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.”
Regulations Related to Tax
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”), which became effective on January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside the PRC with
“de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a
uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. In 2009, the SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled
Overseas Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprise on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies (the “SAT Circular 82”), which provides
certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in
China. Further to SAT Circular 82, in 2011, the SAT issued the Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax of Chinese-Controlled Offshore
Incorporated Resident Enterprises (Trial) (the “SAT Bulletin 45”) to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82.
According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be considered a PRC
resident enterprise by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its worldwide income
only if all of the following conditions are met: (a) the senior management and core management departments in charge of its daily operations function have
their presence mainly in the PRC; (b) its financial and human resources decisions are subject to determination or approval by persons or bodies in the PRC; (c)
its major assets, accounting books, company seals, and minutes and files of its board of directors and shareholders' meetings are located or kept in the PRC;
and (d) more than half of the enterprise's directors or senior management with voting rights habitually reside in the PRC.
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Although SAT Circular 82 and SAT Bulletin 45 only apply to offshore-incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups
and not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the determination criteria set forth therein may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the term
“de facto management body” could be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC
enterprises, individuals or foreigners.
The State Administration of Taxation has promulgated several rules and notices to tighten the scrutiny over acquisition transactions in recent years,
including the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular
698”), the Notice on Several Issues Regarding the Income Tax of Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular 24”) and the Notice on Certain Corporate
Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Circular 7”). Pursuant to these rules and notices, if a non-
PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC tax resident enterprise, such non-PRC resident transferor must report to the tax authorities at the
place where the PRC tax resident enterprise is located and is subject to a PRC withholding tax of up to 10%. In addition, if a non-PRC resident enterprise
indirectly transfers so-called PRC Taxable Properties, referring to properties of an establishment or a place of business in China, real estate properties in China
and equity investments in a PRC tax resident enterprise, by disposition of the equity interests in an overseas non-public holding company without a reasonable
commercial purpose and resulting in the avoidance of PRC enterprise income tax, the transfer will be re-characterized as a direct transfer of the PRC Taxable
Properties and gains derived from the transfer may be subject to a PRC withholding tax of up to 10%. SAT Circular 7 has listed several factors to be taken into
consideration by the tax authorities in determining if an indirect transfer has a reasonable commercial purpose. However, regardless of these factors, an
indirect transfer satisfying all the following criteria will be deemed to lack a reasonable commercial purpose and be taxable in the PRC: (i) 75% or more of the
equity value of the intermediary enterprise being transferred is derived directly or indirectly from PRC Taxable Properties; (ii) at any time during the one year
period before the indirect transfer, 90% or more of the asset value of the intermediary enterprise (excluding cash) is comprised directly or indirectly of
investments in the PRC, or 90% or more of its income is derived directly or indirectly from the PRC; (iii) the functions performed and risks assumed by the
intermediary enterprise and any of its subsidiaries that directly or indirectly hold the PRC Taxable Properties are limited and are insufficient to prove their
economic substance; and (iv) the foreign tax payable on the gain derived from the indirect transfer of the PRC Taxable Properties is lower than the potential
PRC tax on the direct transfer of those assets. On the other hand, indirect transfers falling into the scope of the safe harbors under SAT Circular 7 may not be
subject to PRC tax. The safe harbors include qualified group restructurings, public market trades and exemptions under tax treaties.
Under SAT Circular 7 and other PRC tax regulations, in the case of an indirect transfer, entities or individuals obligated to pay the transfer price to the
transferor must act as withholding agents and are required to withhold the PRC tax from the transfer price. If they fail to do so, the seller is required to report
and pay the PRC tax to the PRC tax authorities. If neither party complies with the tax payment or withholding obligations under SAT Circular 7, the tax
authority may impose penalties such as late payment interest on the seller. In addition, the tax authority may also hold the withholding agents liable and
impose a penalty of 50% to 300% of the unpaid tax on them. The penalty imposed on the purchasers may be reduced or waived if the withholding agents have
submitted the relevant materials in connection with the indirect transfer to the PRC tax authorities in accordance with SAT Circular 7.
Regulations Related to PRC Value-Added Tax
In March 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation further promulgated the Notice on Fully Promoting the Pilot Plan for
Replacing Business Tax by Value-Added Tax (“VAT”), which became effective on May 1, 2016. Pursuant to the pilot plan and relevant notices, VAT is
generally imposed in lieu of business tax in the modern service industries, including the value-added telecommunication services, on a nationwide basis. VAT
of a rate of 6% applies to revenue derived from the provision of some modern services. Certain small taxpayers under PRC law are subject to reduced value-
added tax at a rate of 3%. Unlike business tax, a taxpayer is allowed to offset the qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchases against the output VAT
chargeable on the modern services provided.
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On April 4, 2018, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on Adjustment of VAT Rates, which came into
effect on May 1, 2018. According to the abovementioned notice, the taxable goods previously subject to VAT rates of 17% and 11% respectively become
subject to lower VAT rates of 16% and 10% respectively starting from May 1, 2018. Furthermore, according to the Announcement on Relevant Policies for
Deepening Value-added Tax Reform jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of
Customs, which became effective on April 1, 2019, the taxable goods previously subject to VAT rates of 16% and 10% respectively become subject to lower
VAT rates of 13% and 9% respectively starting from April 1, 2019.
Pursuant to applicable PRC regulations promulgated by the Ministry of Finance of China and the SAT, we are required to pay a VAT at a rate of 6% for
our services and 13% for our automobile sales and financial leasing, with respect to revenues derived from the provision of Automobile Transaction and
Related Services. All revenues derived from Online Lending Services are subject to the rate of 3% as Sichuan Senmiao is a small taxpayer. A taxpayer is
allowed to offset the qualified input VAT paid on taxable purchases against the output VAT chargeable on the revenue from services provided.
Regulations Related to Mergers and Acquisitions
On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”), promulgated the Regulations on
Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”), which became effective on September 8, 2006 and were
amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules, among other things, require offshore special purpose vehicles formed for overseas listing purposes through
acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC domestic enterprises or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly
listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice specifying the documents and materials that are
required to be submitted for obtaining CSRC approval.
The M&A Rules, and other recently adopted regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and
requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. For example, the M&A Rules require
that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if (i) any
important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that impact or may impact national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead
to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated
by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on August 30, 2007 and effective as of August 1, 2008 requires that transactions which are
deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by MOFCOM before they can be completed. In addition, on
February 3, 2011, the General Office of the State Council promulgated a Notice on Establishing the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of
Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “Circular 6”), which officially established a security review system for mergers and acquisitions of domestic
enterprises by foreign investors. Further, on August 25, 2011, MOFCOM promulgated the Regulations on Implementation of Security Review System for the
Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “MOFCOM Security Review Regulations”), which became effective on
September 1, 2011, to implement Circular 6. Under Circular 6, a security review is required for mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors having “national
defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions by which foreign Investors may acquire the “de facto control” of domestic enterprises with
“national security” concerns. Under the MOFCOM Security Review Regulations, MOFCOM will focus on the substance and actual impact of the transaction
when deciding whether a specific merger or acquisition is subject to security review. If MOFCOM decides that a specific merger or acquisition is subject to
security review, it will submit it to the Inter-Ministerial Panel, an authority established under Circular 6 led by the NDRC and MOFCOM under the leadership
of the State Council, to carry out the security review. The regulations prohibit foreign investors from bypassing the security review by structuring transactions
through trusts, indirect investments, leases, loans, control through contractual arrangements or offshore transactions. There is no explicit provision or official
interpretation stating that the merger or acquisition of a company engaged in the marketplace lending business requires security review.
Employees
As of the date of this Report, we had a total of 139 full-time employees including two executive officers, 92 employees in our Automobile Transaction
and Related Services segment and 45 employees in our Online Lending Services segment.
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The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees by function in our Automobile Transaction and Related Services segment:
Function
Management
Risk Management
Operations
Marketing
Drivers & Automobile Management
Post Financing Management
Human Resources & Administration
Finance and Accounting
Total
Number of Employees
3
4*
10
35
22
5
5
8
92
The following table sets forth the breakdown of our employees by function in our Online Lending Services segment:
Function
Management
Technology
Risk Management
Operations
Human Resources
Business Development
Finance and Accounting
Total
Number of Employees
5
17
1*
8
6
6
2
45
*Our risk management functions for both segments are undertaken by one risk management team although the staff are allocated between two segments
for administration purposes.
All of our employees are based in the cities of Chengdu, Deyang and Changsha, where our operations are located.
We believe we offer our employees competitive compensation packages and a work environment that encourages initiative and is based on merit, and as
a result, we have generally been able to attract and retain qualified personnel and maintain a stable core management team. We plan to hire additional
employees as we expand our business.
As required by PRC regulations, we participate in various government statutory employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a
pension contribution plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan and
a housing provident fund. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses
and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time. We have not made adequate
employee benefit payments, and may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. See “Business — Risk
Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC
regulations may subject us to penalties.”
We enter into standard labor and confidentiality agreements with each of our employees. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with
our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes.
Seasonality
Due to the short operating history of our Automobile Transaction and Related Services, we have not observed trends or patterns in revenues in such
services. We do not experience any seasonality in our Online Lending Services.
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Research and Development
With an aim to standardize our transaction process and achieve higher operating efficiency, we are developing an integrated information system for Our
Automobile Transaction and Related Services. The system will comprise modules for procurement, qualification assessment, delivery and post-transaction
management which covers the whole transaction process. We have completed the development of certain functions such as information entry and delivery
which are being tested by us. We expect to complete and launch the system by the end of 2019.
Intellectual Property
We regard our trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on
PRC trademark and trade secret law and confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our
proprietary rights. We own 15 software copyrights and six trademarks. We have five trademark applications pending at the PRC Trademark Office. We have
also registered numerous domain names, including www.51ruixi.com, www.jklqc.com, www.ihongsen.com and www.senmiaotech.com. The information on
our websites is not a part of, or incorporated in, this Report.
Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our technology. Monitoring
unauthorized use of our technology is difficult and costly, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our
technology. From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and
diversion of our resources.
In addition, third parties may initiate litigation against us alleging infringement of their proprietary rights or declaring their non-infringement of our
intellectual property rights. In the event of a successful claim of infringement and our failure or inability to develop non-infringing technology or license the
infringed or similar technology on a timely basis, our business could be harmed. Moreover, even if we are able to license the infringed or similar technology,
license fees could be substantial and may adversely affect our results of operations.
See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business Generally — We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our
intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.” and “— We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims,
which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.”
Insurance
We obtain accident insurance and commercial liability insurance, which are mandatory, on all the automobiles we purchase for sales or financing and
pass on the costs of such insurance to our customers in the sale/financing transaction. We provide social security insurance including pension insurance,
unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and medical insurance for our employees. We do no maintain any property insurance policies,
business interruption insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain product liability insurance or key-man insurance. We consider
our insurance coverage to be sufficient for our business operations in China.
Recent Developments
June 2019 Registered Direct Offering
On June 17, 2019, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) in
connection with the registered direct public offering (the “June 2019 Offering” ) of 1,781,361 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share, for a purchase price of approximately $6,000,000. The Shares were offered at a price of $3.38 per share (the “Share Purchase Price”).
On June 21, 2019, we closed the June 2019 Offering. The Shares and the Warrants were issued pursuant to a prospectus supplement filed with the
Commission on June 20, 2019 to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-230397), which was initially filed
with the Commission on March 19, 2019, and was declared effective on April 15, 2019.
In connection with the June 2019 Offering, we also issued to the Investors for no consideration, Series A common stock purchase warrants (the “Series A
Warrants”) and for nominal consideration, pre-funded Series B common stock purchase warrants (the “Series B Warrants”; and together with the Series A
Warrants, the “Warrants”).
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The Company is using the proceeds for general corporate purposes, including automobile purchases, the costs of providing leasing and other automobile
transaction services, including financial leasing, costs of developing other types of financing businesses, investments in other entities, costs of technology
development, costs of new hires, capital expenditures, working capital and the costs of operating as a public company. At least $500,000 of the proceeds was
deposited into an account at a bank in the United States, which proceeds (x) may solely be used to satisfy any reasonable legal, audit, accounting and other
professional fees and expenses of the Company and (y) shall not be transferred or used for any other purposes without the prior written consent of certain
investors.
The Series A Warrants provide for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 1,336,021 shares of common stock. The Series A Warrants are exercisable
immediately upon issuance (the “Series A Initial Exercise Date”), at an exercise price of $3.72 per share (the “Series A Exercise Price”) and will expire on the
fourth (4th) anniversary of the Series A Initial Exercise Date. In the event that the Company issues any equity or equity-linked securities at a price lower than
the Series A Exercise Price (subject to certain exceptions), the Investors have full ratchet anti-dilution protection. On the six (6)-month anniversary of the
Series A Initial Exercise Date, if the average Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) during the ten (10) trading days prior to such anniversary (“New
Exercise Price”) is less than the Series A Exercise Price, then the Series A Exercise Price has a one-time price adjustment equal to the New Exercise Price;
provided, however, in no event, shall the New Exercise Price be less than $1.50 per share. Subject to standard equity conditions, commencing on the tenth
(10th) trading day after Series A Initial Exercise Date, the Company may force the exercise of the Series A Warrants if at any time the VWAP of the common
stock exceeds $11.16 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and similar events) for ten (10) consecutive trading days.
The Series B Warrants are pre-funded warrants and were issued as a true-up with respect to the Shares. Initially, the Series B Warrants won’t be
exercisable for any shares of common stock. In the event that on the fiftieth (50th) day after the closing date (the “Adjustment Measuring Time”), the closing
price of the common stock is less than the Share Purchase Price, then the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants
shall be adjusted (upward or downward, as applicable) to the greater of (i) zero (0) and (ii) such aggregate number of shares of common stock equal to fifty
percent (50%) of the difference of (A) the quotient of (x) the Share Purchase Price divided by (y) the Market Price (as defined the in Purchase Agreement) as
of the Adjustment Measuring Time, less (B) the aggregate number of Shares issued to the Investors at the closing (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends,
share combinations, recapitalizations and similar events). The maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B
Warrants is 1,116,320. The Series B Warrants are exercisable commencing on the first (1st) day of the Adjustment Measuring Time for a period of one (1)
year from the issuance of the Series B Warrants. The Series B Warrants have the same exercise price as the Series A Exercise Price. The Series B Warrants
have no anti-dilution or reset provisions on the exercise price.
The exercise of the Warrants are subject to beneficial ownership limitations such that an Investor may not exercise any Warrant to the extent that such
exercise would result in the Investor being the beneficial owner in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of such Investor, 9.99%), which beneficial ownership
limitation may be increased or decreased up to 9.99% upon notice to the Company, provided that any increase in such limitation will not be effective until 61
days following notice to the Company. Additionally, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), in no event will the Company issue more than 19.99% of the
Company’s total issued and outstanding shares as of June 17, 2019.
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement: (a) each of the Investors shall have a 40% right of participation (on a pro-rata basis) in any debt or equity linked
financings undertaken by the Company for eighteen (18) months following the closing of the June 2019 Offering. Further, until ninety (90) days after the
closing of the June 2019 Offering, the Company shall not, directly or indirectly, offer or issue any securities (or enter into any agreement with respect thereto)
other than customary exceptions; (b) the Company may also not enter into any variable rate transactions so long as any of the Warrants are still outstanding;
(c) each of our directors and executive officers, have entered into lock-up agreements that generally prohibit the sale, transfer, or other disposition of our
securities, without the prior written consent of the Investors, for a period of sixty (60) days following the closing of the June 2019 Offering; (d) the Company
entered into leak-out agreements with the Investors which provide that during the period commencing on June 17, 2019, and ending on the fortieth (40th) day
after such date, each of the Investors cannot sell, dispose or otherwise transfer, directly or indirectly, (including, without limitation, any sales, short sales,
swaps or any derivative transactions that would be equivalent to any sales or short positions) on any trading day during the Restricted Period (as defined in the
Purchase Agreement) (any such date, a “Date of Determination”), shares of common stock held by the Investors as of June 17, 2019, including the Shares and
the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants, in an amount more than each Investor’s pro-rate amount of 30% of the daily average composite trading
volume of the common stock as reported by Bloomberg, LP for the applicable Date of Determination.
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FT Global Capital, Inc. (“FT Global”) acted as the exclusive placement agent for the June 2019 Offering. Pursuant to an engagement letter between the
Company and FT Global, FT Global received cash compensation of approximately $480,000. Additionally, FT Global received warrants (the “Placement
Agent Warrants”) to purchase 142,509 shares of common stock. The Placement Agent Warrants will expire on the four year anniversary of their issuance and
have an exercise price of $3.38.
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Item 1A.
Risk Factors
The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this
Report. The following information should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this
Form 10-K.
The business, financial condition and operating results of the Company can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown,
including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause the Company’s actual financial condition and
operating results to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, financial condition and operating results. Any of these factors, in whole or in part,
could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and stock price.
Because of the following factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results, past financial performance
should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in
future periods.
Risks Related to our Automobile Transaction and Related Services
We face intense competition, which may lead to loss of market share, reduced service fees and revenue, increased expenses, departures of qualified
employees, and disputes with competitors.
We face intense competition in the automobile transaction and financing industry. Our competitors may have significantly more resources than we do,
including financial, technological, marketing and others and may be able to devote greater resources to the development and promotion of their services. As a
result, they may have deeper relationships with automobile dealers, automobile financing partners and other third-party service providers than we do. This
could allow them to develop new services, adapt more quickly to changes in technology and to undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, which may
render our services less attractive to consumers and cause us to lose market share. Moreover, intense competition in the markets we operate in may reduce our
service fees and revenue, increase our operating expenses and capital expenditures, and lead to departures of our qualified employees. We may also be harmed
by negative publicity instigated by our competitors, regardless of its validity. We may in the future continue to encounter disputes with our competitors,
including lawsuits involving claims asserted under unfair competition laws and defamation which may adversely affect our business and reputation. Failure to
compete with current and potential competitors could materially harm our business, financial condition and our results of operations.
Our relationship with Didi, a leading Chinese ride-hailing service platform, third party sales teams and financing partners is crucial to our ability to grow
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our strategic relationship with Didi, a leading ride-hailing service platform in China, is crucial to our business as most of the cars we provide services to
are used as ride-hailing vehicles for Didi. Our cooperative arrangement with Didi is on a non-exclusive basis, and Didi may have cooperative arrangements
with our competitors. If our collaboration with Didi was terminated, we may not be able to maintain our existing customers or attract new customers who are
and will be Didi drivers, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
We also cooperate with third party sales teams, automobile dealers and financial institutions and others to provide automobile transaction and financing
services. Our ability to acquire consumers depends on our own marketing efforts through online advertising and billboard advertising, as well as the network
of different third party sales teams. Our ability to attract and maintain customers also depends on whether our financing partners provide timely and sufficient
funding to automobile purchase. We intend to strengthen relationships with existing financing partners and develop new relationships for our automobile
transaction and financing business. If we are not able to attract or retain cooperative third party sales teams or financing partners as new business partners on
acceptable terms, our business growth will be hindered and our results of operations and financial condition will suffer.
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We do not have written agreements in place with certain financing partners and adverse change in our relationship with such financing partners may
materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.
We rely on a limited number of financing partners to fund automobile transactions for automobile purchasers. However, we do not have written
agreements in place with these financing partners obligating them to provide financing. For example, one of our top financing partners has been funding the
automobile purchases by purchasers referred by us through an agreement with a related party of Jinkailong. Because such financing partners are not
contractually bound by any specific commitment to provide financing, they may determine not to collaborate with us or limit the funding that is available for
financing transactions we facilitate, which will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our customers’ failure to fully comply with PRC taxi-related laws may expose us to potential penalties and negatively affect our operations.
According to the guidelines issued by the Municipal Communications Commission of Chengdu in November 2016, online reservation taxi operating
license, automobile certificate and online reservation taxi driver’s license are required to operate the online ride-hailing business. Approximately 10% of the
automobiles used for online ride-hailing that are affiliated with us do not have the automobile certificates and approximately 79% of our ride-hailing drivers
have not obtained the online reservation taxi driver’s licenses. We are in the process of assisting the drivers to obtain the required certificate and license.
However, there is no guarantee that all of the drivers affiliated without us would be able to obtain all the certificate and license. Our ability and method to
provide the automobile transaction related services might be affected or restricted if our affiliated drivers or automobiles do not possess the requisite license.
Our business and results of operations will be materially affected if our affiliated drivers are suspended from providing ride-hailing services or imposed
substantial fines.
We advance payments for over 90% of the automobile purchases for our customers and we can provide no assurances that our current financial resources
will be adequate to support this operation.
We prepay all the purchase price and expenses on behalf of the automobile purchasers when we provide purchase services and collect all the advance
payment and relevant services fees from the proceeds disbursed by the financial institutions upon the closing of the financing and/or when the monthly
installment payment made by automobile purchasers during the lease term. As of March 31, 2019, we had advanced payments of approximately $2.6 million
(RMB17.2 million) for the automobile purchases. We fund those advance payments by proceeds of our initial public offering (“IPO”) and loans from financial
institutions.
Our liquidity may be negatively impacted as a result of the increases in advance payments for automobile purchases in addition to general economic and
industry factors. We anticipate that, to the extent that we require additional liquidity, it will be funded through the incurrence of other indebtedness, additional
equity financings or a combination of these potential sources of liquidity. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities or convertible debt, our
stockholders will experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that
include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring
dividends. The covenants under future credit facilities may limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing. We cannot be certain that additional funding
will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Any failure to raise capital in the future could have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability
to pursue our business strategies.
Our failure to raise additional capital and in sufficient amounts may significantly impact our ability to maintain and expand our business.
Jinkailong uses the bank accounts of its related parties for and failure to use such accounts may have an adverse impact on our operations.
Jinkailong has been using the bank accounts of its shareholder or companies owned by its shareholders (other than us) to receive and remit payments
during its daily operations. Jinkailong has authorization from these related parties to use the bank accounts and has designated its own accounting staff to
manage such accounts. However, if owners of the bank accounts revoke their authorization, prohibit or limit Jinkailong’s access to the bank accounts, we may
not receive payments timely or at all from financial institutions or the automobile purchasers, which may adversely affect our operations. Jinkailong may lose
all or part of the funds in the accounts in the event that such accounts are subject to creditor’s claims and frozen or closed by court order.
We may need additional capital to pursue business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, and
financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
We have been financing our Automobile Transaction and Related Services through borrowing from third parties and related parties and proceeds from
our IPO and follow-on public offering. As we intend to continue to make investments to support the growth of our automobile business, we may require
additional capital to pursue our business objectives and respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances, including developing new
solutions and services, increasing the amount of financing transactions we facilitate, further enhance our risk management capabilities, increasing our sales
and marketing expenditures to improve brand awareness and engage automobile purchasers through expanded online channels, enhancing our operating
infrastructure and acquiring complementary businesses and technologies. We plan to expand our Automobile Transaction and Related Services, and we may
need to make additional capital contribution as a result. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. However,
additional funds may not be available when we need them, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Repayment of the debts may divert a substantial portion
of cash flow to repay principal and service interest on such debt, which would reduce the funds available for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and
other general corporate purposes; and we may suffer default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating cash flow is insufficient to service debt obligations,
which could in turn result in acceleration of obligations to repay the indebtedness and limit our sources of financing.
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Volatility in the credit markets may also have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain debt financing. If we raise additional funds through further
issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have
rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms
satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges or
unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.
Our automobile financing facilitation services may subject us to regulatory and reputational risks, each of which may have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We provide automobile financing facilitation services to finance consumers’ car purchases. The PRC laws and regulations concerning financial services
are evolving and the PRC government authorities may promulgate new laws and regulations in the future. We cannot assure you that our practices would not
be deemed to violate any PRC laws or regulations either now or in the future. The financing products of our financial partners referred by us may be deemed
to exceed the stipulated cap on the financing amount relative to the car purchase price, in which case we may be required to make adjustments to our
cooperation arrangements or cease to cooperate with these financing partners. If we are required to make adjustments to our automobile financing facilitation
referral business model or withdraw, discontinue or change some of our automobile financing facilitation referral services, our business, financial condition
and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if the financing products referred by us and our cooperation with financing
partners were to be deemed as in violation of applicable PRC laws or regulations, our reputation would suffer.
Moreover, developments in the financial service industry may lead to changes in PRC laws, regulations and policies or in the interpretation and
application of existing laws, regulations and policies, which may limit or restrict consumer financing or related facilitation services like those we offer. We
may, from time to time, be required to adjust our arrangement with third-party financing partners, which could materially and adversely affect our business,
results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possibility that the PRC government will institute a new licensing regime
covering services we provide in the future. If such a licensing regime were introduced, we cannot assure you that we would be able to obtain any newly
required license in a timely manner, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
We are exposed to credit risk in our auto financing facilitation and auto financing businesses. Our current risk management system may not be able to
accurately assess and mitigate all risks to which we are exposed, including credit risk.
We are exposed to credit risk as we provide automobile financing facilitation to automobile purchasers and are required to provide guarantees to most of
our financing partners on the financing for automobile purchases facilitated by us. As at March 31, 2019, the maximum contingent liabilities the Company
exposed to would be approximately $11.5 million if all the automobile purchasers defaulted. Customers may default on their lease/loan payments for a number
of reasons including those outside of their or our control. The credit risk may be exacerbated in automobile financing due to the relatively limited credit
history and other available information of many consumers in China.
If we are unable to repossess the car collateral for delinquent financing payments of the automobile purchasers referred by us or do so in a cost-effective
manner or if our ability to collect delinquent financing payments is impaired, our business and results of operations would be materially and adversely
affected. We may also be subject to risks relating to third-party debt collection service providers who we engage for the recovery and collection of loans.
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Under most of the financial leases/loan agreements between the automobile purchasers and third-party financing partners, we guarantee the lease/loan
payments including principal and the accrued and unpaid interest for the automobile purchase funded by these financing partners. Therefore, failure to collect
lease/loan payments or to repossess the collateral may have a material adverse effect on our business operations and financial positions. Although the
lease/loan payments are secured by the cars, we may not be able to repossess the car collateral when our customers default. Our measures to track the cars
include installing GPS trackers on cars. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully locate and recover the car collateral. We have in the past
failed to repossess one car as the GPS trackers failed to function properly or had been disabled, and we cannot assure you that this incident will not happen
again the future. We also cannot assure you that there will not be regulatory changes that prohibit the installation of GPS trackers, or the realized value of the
repossessed cars will be sufficient to cover our customers' payment obligations. If we cannot repossess some of these cars or the residual values of the
repossessed cars are lower than we expected and not sufficient to cover the automobile purchaser' payment obligation, our business, results of operations and
financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
Moreover, the current regulatory regime for debt collection in the PRC remains unclear. We aim to ensure our collection efforts carried out by our asset
management department comply with the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC. However, if our collection methods are viewed by the automobile
purchasers or regulatory authorities as harassments, threats or other illegal means, we may be subject to risks relating to our collection practice, including
lawsuits initiated by the borrowers or prohibition from using certain collection methods by the regulatory authorities. Any perception that our collection
practices are aggressive and not compliant with the relevant laws and regulations in the PRC may result in harm to our reputation and business, decrease in the
willingness of prospective customers to apply for and utilize our service, or fines and penalties imposed by the relevant regulatory authorities, any of which
may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to enforce our rights against automobile purchaser.
We offer automobile purchaser various value-added services associated with purchasing a car with financing. Such services include, among others, credit
assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of financing transactions, license and plate registration, payment of taxes
and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver qualification and other administrative procedures. We charge automobile
purchaser fees for such services, but we do not enter into agreements with such automobile purchaser regarding the provision and payment of the purchase
services. In the event a legal dispute arises between the purchaser and us, we may not be able to enforce our rights against the purchaser, which may materially
and adversely affect our business, results of operation and financial condition.
We are required to obtain certain licenses and permits for our business operations, and we may not be able to obtain or maintain such licenses or permits.
We may be deemed to operate financing guarantee business by the PRC regulatory authorities. Under certain arrangements in our services, we provide
guarantees to our customers who apply for financing with certain of our financing partners. In August, 2017, the PRC State Council promulgated the
Regulations on the Administration of Financing Guarantee Companies (the “Financing Guarantee Rules”), which became effective on October 1, 2017.
Pursuant to the Financing Guarantee Rules, “financing guarantee” refers to the activities in which guarantors provide guarantee to the guaranteed parties as to
loans, bonds or other types of debt financing, and “financing guarantee companies” refer to companies legally established and operating financing guarantee
business. According to the Financing Guarantee Rules, the establishment of financing guarantee companies are subject to the approval by the relevant
governmental authority, and unless otherwise stipulated, no entity may operate financing guarantee business without such approval.
We do not believe that the Financing Guarantee Rules apply to our car financing facilitation business as we provide guarantees to our financing partners
in connection with the financing of the purchase of automobiles and such guarantees are not provided independently as our principal business. However, due
to the lack of further interpretations, the exact definition and scope of “operating financing guarantee business” under the Financing Guarantee Rules is
unclear. It is uncertain whether we would be deemed to operate financing guarantee business in violation of relevant PRC laws or regulations because of our
current arrangements with certain financial institutions. If the relevant regulatory authorities determine that we are operating financing guarantee business, we
may be required to obtain approval or license for financing guarantee business to continue our collaboration arrangement with certain financial institutions.
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In addition, based on our current business model, we prepay the purchase price of automobiles and all service related expenses and collect the advance
payment (without any interest) through monthly installment payments from the automobile purchaser.
Pursuant to Provisions on Several Questions Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Private Lending Cases released by the Supreme People's
Court in June 2015, private lending refers to the act of financing between natural persons, legal persons and other organizations and among them. According
to the Approval on How to Confirm the Effectiveness of Lending Behavior between Citizens and Enterprises issued by the PRC Supreme People's Court's in
1999, the private lending refers to the lending between citizens and non-financial enterprises (hereinafter referred to as enterprises). As long as all parties'
declaration of intention is true, it can be recognized as valid. (the “Private Lending Rules”).
We do not believe that the Private Lending Rules apply to our automobile purchase services business as we need to pay in advance to different suppliers
to complete our services such as preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of financing transactions, license and plate registration,
payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver qualification and other administrative procedures. We have
no intention to lend money to and gain interest from automobile purchasers. We collect payments in a period longer than 12 months based on current product
designs.
However, it is uncertain whether we would be deemed to operate private lending business in violation of relevant PRC laws or regulations because we
prepay on behalf of automobile purchasers and collect payments over a period of more than 12 months. If the relevant regulatory authorities determine that we
are operating private lending business, we may be penalized for engaging in businesses out of the scope of our business license. Pursuant to the Regulations
on the Registration of Enterprise Legal Persons, we may be given warnings, fined, confiscated of illegal income, required to suspension and rectification, or
our business license might be withheld and revoked by relevant regulatory authorities.
Consequently, we may be required to obtain approval or license for financing business to continue our current collection method of payments. If we are
no longer able to maintain our current collection method of payments, or become subject to penalties, our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Our failure to sell cars that we purchased from dealers may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In January 2019, we started to purchase automobiles from automotive dealers for sales. We primarily purchase automobile models that are reliable,
affordable and based on the preference of Didi, feedback from and market analysis as to perception and demand for such models, and that will appeal to car
buyers in lower-tier cities. We price automobiles based on our automotive transaction data associated with providing automotive transaction services. We have
limited experience in the purchase of automobiles for sale to purchasers, and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so effectively. Demand for the
type of automobiles that we purchase can change significantly between the time the automobiles are purchased and the date of sale. Demand may be affected
by new automobile launches, changes in the pricing of such automobiles, defects, changes in consumer preference and other factors, and dealers may not
purchase them in the quantities that we expect. We may also need to adopt more aggressive pricing strategies for these cars than originally anticipated. We
also face inventory risk in connection with the automobiles purchased, including the risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in values, and significant
inventory write-downs or write-offs. If we were to adopt more aggressive pricing strategies, our profit margin may be negatively affected as well. We may
also face increasing costs associated with the storage of these automobiles. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
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We assist automobile purchasers to get financing from financing institutions, which may constitute provision of intermediary service, and our agreements
with these financial institutions may be deemed as intermediation contracts under the PRC Contract Law.
We assist automobile purchasers to get financing from financing institutions, which may constitute an intermediary service, and such services may be
deemed as intermediation contracts under the PRC Contract Law. Under the PRC Contract Law, an intermediary may not claim for service fee and is liable for
damages if it conceals any material fact intentionally or provides false information in connection with the conclusion of an intermediation contract, which
results in harm to the client’s interests. Therefore, if we fail to provide material information to financial institutions, or if we fail to identify false information
received from automobile purchasers or others and in turn provide such information to financial institutions, and in either case if we are also found to be at
fault, due to failure or deemed failure to exercise proper care, such as to conduct adequate information verification or employee supervision, we could be held
liable for damage caused to financial institutions as an intermediary pursuant to the PRC Contract Law. In addition, if we fail to complete our obligations
under the agreements entered into with financial institutions, we could also be held liable for damages caused to financial institutions pursuant to the PRC
Contract Law.
If data provided by automobile purchasers and other third-party sources or collected by us are inaccurate, incomplete or fraudulent, the accuracy of our
credit assessment could be compromised, customer trust in us could decline, and our business, financial position and results of operations would be
harmed.
China’s credit infrastructure is still at an early stage of development. The Credit Reference Center established by the PBOC in 2002 has been the only
credit reporting system in China. This centrally managed nationwide credit database operated by the Credit Reference Center only records limited credit
information, such as tax payments, civil lawsuits, foreclosures and bankruptcies. Moreover, this credit database is only accessible to banks and a limited
number of market players authorized by the Credit Reference Center and does not support sophisticated credit scoring and assessment. In 2015, the PBOC
announced that it would open the credit reporting market to private sectors with a view to spurring competition and innovation, but it may be a long-term
process to establish a widely-applicable, reliable and sophisticated credit infrastructure in the market we operate.
For the purpose of credit assessment, we obtain credit information from prospective automobile buyers, and with their authorization, obtain credit data
from external parties to assess applicants’ creditworthiness. We may not be able to source credit data from such external parties at a reasonable cost or at all.
Such credit data may have limitations in measuring prospective automobile purchasers’ creditworthiness. If there is an adverse change in the economic
condition, credit data provided by external parties may no longer be a reliable reference to assess an applicant’s creditworthiness, which may compromise our
risk management capabilities. As a result, our assessment of an automobile purchaser’s credit profile may not reflect that particular car buyer’s actual
creditworthiness because assessment may be based on outdated, incomplete or inaccurate information.
To the extent that automobile purchasers provide inaccurate or fraudulent information to us, or the data provided by third-party sources is outdated,
inaccurate or incomplete, our credit evaluation may not accurately reflect the associated credit risks of automobile purchasers. Among other things, we rely on
data from external sources, such as the personal credit report from PBOC. These checks may fail and fraud may occur as we may fail to discover or reveal
fake documents or identities used by fraudulent automobile purchasers. Additionally, once we have obtained an automobile purchaser's information, the
automobile purchaser may subsequently (i) become delinquent in the payment of an outstanding obligation; (ii) default on a pre-existing debt obligation; (iii)
take on additional debt; or (iv) experience other adverse financial events, making the information we previously obtained inaccurate. We also collect car
collateral location data by installing GPS trackers for lease/loan payment monitoring purposes. The location data we collected may not be accurate. As a
result, our ability to repossess the car collateral could be severely impaired. If we are unable to collect the lease/loan payments we facilitated or repossess the
car collateral due to inaccurate or fraudulent information, our results of operations and profitability would be harmed.
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We may be subject to product liability claims if people or property are harmed by vehicles purchased through us.
Vehicles purchased through us may be defectively designed or manufactured. As a result, we may be exposed to product liability claims relating to
personal injury or property damage. Third parties subject to such injury or damage may bring claims or legal proceedings against us because we facilitate the
financing/purchase of the product. Although we would have legal recourse against the automobile manufacturers or dealers under PRC law, attempting to
enforce our rights against the automobile manufacturers or dealers may be expensive, time-consuming and ultimately futile. In addition, we do not currently
maintain any third-party liability insurance or product liability insurance in relation to vehicles purchased through us. As a result, any material product liability
claim or litigation could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even unsuccessful claims could
result in the expenditure of funds and managerial efforts in defending them and could have a negative impact on our reputation.
If the ride-hailing drivers engage in, or are subject to, criminal, violent, inappropriate, or dangerous activity that results in major safety incidents, our
ability to attract and retain new customers may be harmed, which could have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition, and
operating results.
We are not able to control or predict the actions of the ride-hailing drivers and third parties, either during the process of providing services or otherwise.
Such actions may result in injuries, property damage, or loss of life for passengers and third parties, or business interruption, brand and reputational damage,
or significant liabilities for us. Our screen and evaluation of the drivers may not expose all potentially relevant information and may fail to disclose
information that could be relevant to a determination of eligibility. In addition, we do not independently test drivers’ driving skills.
If the ride-hailing drivers engage in criminal activity, misconduct, or inappropriate conduct, and we may receive negative press coverage as a result of
our business relationship with such drivers, which would adversely impact our brands, reputation, and business. There have been numerous incidents and
allegations of Didi drivers sexually assaulting, abusing, and kidnapping consumers, or otherwise engaging in criminal activity. If other criminal, inappropriate,
or other negative incidents occur due to the conduct of ride-hailing drivers or third parties, our ability to attract customers may be harmed, and our business
and financial results could be adversely affected.
Further, we may be subject to claims of significant liability based on traffic accidents, deaths, injuries, or other incidents that are caused by ride-hailing
drivers, consumers, or third parties. Our auto liability and general liability insurance policies may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed, and
may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liabilities. These incidents may subject us to liability and negative publicity, which would increase our operating
costs and adversely affect our business, operating results, and future prospects. Even if these claims do not result in liability, we will incur significant costs in
investigating and defending against them.
Government policies on automobile purchases and ownership may materially affect our results of operations.
Government policies on automobile purchases and ownership may have a material effect on our business due to their influence on consumer behaviors.
Since 2009, the PRC government has changed the purchase tax on automobiles with 1.6 liter or smaller engines several times. In addition, in August 2014,
several PRC governmental authorities jointly announced that from September 2014 to December 2017, purchases of new energy automobiles designated on
certain catalogs will be exempted from the purchase taxes. In April 2015, several PRC governmental authorities also jointly announced that from 2016 to
2020, purchasers of new energy automobiles designated on certain catalogs will enjoy subsidies. In December 2016, relevant PRC governmental authorities
further adjusted the subsidy policy for new energy automobiles. On March 26, 2019, the PRC governmental authorities updated government subsidy policy
for new energy automobiles which raises the threshold for the subsidy and reduces the amount of subsidies. We cannot predict whether government subsidies
will remain in the future or whether similar incentives will be introduced, and if they are, their impact on automobile retail transactions in China. It is possible
that automobile retail transactions may decline significantly upon expiration of the existing government subsidies if consumers have become used to such
incentives and delay purchase decisions in the absence of new incentives. If automobile retail transactions indeed decline, our revenues may fluctuate and our
results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
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Some local governmental authorities also issued regulations and relevant implementation rules in order to control urban traffic and the number of
automobiles within particular urban areas. For example, local Beijing governmental authorities adopted regulations and relevant implementing rules in
December 2010 to limit the total number of license plates issued to new automobile purchases in Beijing each year. Local Guangzhou governmental
authorities also announced similar regulations, which came into effect in July 2013. There are similar policies that restrict the issuance of new automobile
license plates in Shanghai, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Guiyang and Shenzhen. In September 2013, the State Council released a plan for the prevention and
remediation of air pollution, which requires large cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, to further restrict the number of motor vehicles. In March
2018, the Beijing government issued an additional regulation to limit the total number of vehicles in Beijing to no more than 6.1 million by the end of 2018
and no more than 6.2 million by the end of 2019. We cannot assure you that similar measures will not be adopted in Sichuan and Hunan Provinces. Such
regulatory developments, as well as other uncertainties, may adversely affect the growth prospects of China’s automobile industry, which in turn may have a
material adverse impact on our business.
The ride-hailing service market is still in a relatively early stage of growth and if such market does not continue to grow, grow more slowly than we expect
or fail to grow as large as we expect, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
According to the Chinese Academy of Industry Economy Research Institute, the ride-hailing service market in China has grown rapidly since 2015.
However, it is still relatively new, and it is uncertain to what extent market acceptance will continue to grow, if at all. Our success will depend to a substantial
extent on the willingness of people to widely-adopt ride-hailing. If the public does not perceive ridesharing as beneficial, or chooses not to adopt it as a result
of concerns regarding safety, affordability or for other reasons, whether as a result of incidents on the ride-hailing service platform or otherwise, then the ride-
hailing service market may not further develop, or may develop more slowly than we expect or may not achieve the growth potential we expect, any of which
could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business is subject to risks related to China's automobile leasing and financing industry, including industry-wide and macroeconomic risks.
We operate in China’s automobile leasing and financing industry. We cannot assure you that this market will continue to grow rapidly in the future.
Further, the growth of China’s automobile leasing and financing industry could be affected by many factors, including:
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general economic conditions in China and around the world;
the growth of disposable household income and the availability and cost of credit available to finance car purchases;
the growth of China's automobile industry;
taxes and other incentives or disincentives related to car purchases and ownership;
environmental concerns and measures taken to address these concerns;
the cost of energy, including gasoline prices, and the cost of car license plates in various cities with license plate lottery or auction systems in
China;
the improvement of the highway system and availability of parking facilities;
other government policies relating to automobile leasing and financing in China;
fluctuations in the sales and price of new and used cars;
consumer acceptance of financing car purchases;
ride sharing, transportation networks, and other fundamental changes in transportation pattern; and
other industry-wide issues, including supply and demand for cars and supply chain challenges.
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Any adverse change to these factors could reduce demand for used cars and hence demand for our services, and our results of operations and financial
condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Online Lending Services
We have a limited operating history, and have significantly deemphasized our efforts, in the new and highly regulated P2P lending sector in China, which
makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects in this sector.
The market for China's online marketplace lending is new and may not develop as expected. The regulatory framework for this market is also evolving
and may remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Potential borrowers and investors may not be familiar with this market and may have difficulty
distinguishing our services from those of our competitors. As such, we have significantly deemphasized our efforts in the Online Lending Services part of our
business.
Our online platform was launched in May 2014 by its former owner and acquired by us in September 2016. Our platform has a limited operating history.
As our business develops or in response to competition or regulatory requirements, we may make adjustments to our existing products, or make adjustments to
our business model. Any significant change to our business model may not achieve expected results and may have an adverse impact on our financial
conditions and results of operations. It is therefore difficult to effectively assess our future prospects. You should consider our business and prospects in light
of the risks and challenges we encounter or may encounter in this developing and highly regulated market. These risks and challenges include our ability to,
among other things:
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navigate an evolving regulatory environment;
enhance our risk management capabilities;
improve our operational efficiency;
maintain the security of our platform and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across our platform;
attract, retain and motivate talented employees; and
defend ourselves against litigation, regulatory, intellectual property, privacy or other claims.
If we fail to address or manage any of these risks and challenges, our business and results of operations will be harmed.
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If we are unable to maintain low default rates for loans facilitated by our platform, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Investments in loans on our platform involve inherent risks as the return of the principal on a loan investment made through our platform is not
guaranteed, although we aim to limit investor losses due to borrower defaults through various preventive measures we have taken or will take. Our ability to
attract borrowers and investors to, and build trust in, our platform is significantly dependent on our ability to effectively evaluate a borrower's credit profile
and maintain low default rates. If we are unable to effectively and accurately assess the credit profiles of borrowers, we may be unable to maintain low default
rates of loans facilitated by our platform. In addition, once a loan application is approved, we do not further monitor certain aspects of the borrower's credit
profile, such as changes in the borrower's credit report. If the borrower's financial condition deteriorates, we may not be able to take measures to prevent
default on the part of the borrower and thereby maintain low default rates for loans facilitated by our platform. As of the date of this Report, there have not
been any default or delinquencies. Since we started to offer unsecured loans, we may find it difficult or unable to maintain low default rates of loans facilitated
through our platform. Although we implement various investor protection measures, if widespread defaults were to occur, investors may still incur losses and
lose confidence in our platform and our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
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If we are unable to maintain relationships with our third-party service providers, our business will suffer.
We rely on third-party service providers to operate various aspects of our business and platform. For instance, we rely on our depository bank to provide
fund depository services and third-party payment companies to serve as payment channels to ensure compliance with various laws and regulations. Most of
our agreements with third-party service providers are non-exclusive and do not prohibit the third-party service provider from working with our competitors or
from offering competing services. Our third-party service providers could decide that working with us is not in their interests, could decide to enter into
exclusive or more favorable relationships with our competitors or could themselves become our competitor. Although we have changed third-party service
providers in the past without difficulty, switching to new third-party service providers could cause temporary disruptions to our business. In addition, our
third-party service providers may not perform as expected under our agreements or we could in the future have disagreements or disputes with our third-party
service providers, which could negatively impact our operations or threaten our relationships with our third-party service providers.
Third-party payment companies and depository banks in China, including a depository bank that takes deposits and transfers funds on our platform and
the third-party payment company with which it works, are subject to oversight by the PBOC and must comply with complex rules and regulations, licensing
and examination requirements, including, but not limited to, minimum registered capital, maintenance of payment business licenses, anti-money laundering
regulations and management personnel requirements. Some third-party payment companies have been required by the PBOC to suspend their credit card pre-
authorization and payment services in certain areas of China. If the third-party service providers that serve as payment channels for our platform were to
suspend, limit or cease their operations, or if our relationships with our third-party service providers were to otherwise terminate, we would need to implement
substantially similar arrangements with other third-party service providers. Negative publicity about our or other third-party service providers or the industry
in general may also adversely affect our users' confidence and trust in the use of third-party payment companies and depository banks to carry out the payment
and depository functions in connection with the origination or assignment of loans on our platform. If any of these were to happen, the operation of our
platform could be materially impaired and our results of operations would suffer.
The recently published Guidelines, which were released by ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the CBRC, the
Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, require market lending platforms to use bank depository accounts to hold lending
capital, which is further emphasized in the Interim Measures for the Administration of Business Activities of Online Lending Information Intermediaries, or
the Interim Measures. In addition, the Administrative Measures of Non-Bank Payments Institutions Network Payment Service, or the Administrative
Measures, which became effective from July 1, 2016, prohibit payment institutions from opening payment accounts for institutions engaging in the lending
business and also set ceilings for the maximum deposits permitted into an account opened with a third-party payment company. In February 2017, the CBRC
released the Guidance to the Operation of Depositing Online Lending Funds, or the Guidance. The Guidance further specifies that qualified commercial banks
may act as depositories to hold online lending funds, and that other banking financial institutions are not qualified to set up individual accounts or provide
settlement and payment functions. The Guidance also sets forth basic requirements for commercial banks, including maintaining separate accounts to hold
online lending funds and private funds owned by online lending platforms and prohibits outsourcing or assigning such entities' responsibilities for setting up
capital accounts, dealing with transaction information, verifying trading passwords and various other services to third parties, provided, however, that certain
cooperation regarding payment services with third-party payment companies is permitted in accordance with clarifications by the CBRC. However, CBRC’s
remarks regarding the Guidance are not entirely clear regarding the definition and scope of the term “certain cooperation regarding payment services.” In
addition, the Guidance imposes certain responsibilities on online lending intermediaries such as us, including requiring them to organize independent auditing
on funds depository accounts of borrowers and investors. The Guidance stipulated a 6-month grace period from the time of its announcement for online
lending intermediaries to adjust their business models. See “Business —Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.”
If we do not compete effectively, our results of operations could be harmed.
The online marketplace lending industry in China is competitive. We compete with a large number of online finance marketplaces. We also compete
with financial products and companies that attract borrowers, investors or both. With respect to borrowers, we primarily compete with other lending platforms
and traditional financial institutions, such as consumer finance business units in commercial banks, credit card issuers and other consumer finance companies.
With respect to investors, we primarily compete with other investment products and asset classes, such as equities, bonds, investment trust products, bank
savings accounts and real estate.
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Some of our competitors operate with different business models, have different cost structures or participate selectively in different market segments.
They may ultimately prove more successful or more adaptable to new regulatory, technological and other developments. Some of our current and potential
competitors have significantly more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the
development, promotion, sale and support of their platforms. Our competitors may also have longer operating histories, more extensive user bases, greater
brand recognition and brand loyalty and broader partner relationships than us. Additionally, a current or potential competitor may acquire one or more of our
existing competitors or form a strategic alliance with one or more of our competitors. Our competitors may be better at developing new products, offering
more attractive investment returns or lower fees, responding faster to new technologies and undertaking more extensive and effective marketing campaigns.
We also face competition within Sichuan Province, which is where we conduct the bulk of our operations. As of the date of this Report, there are
approximately 17 lending platforms in Sichuan Province. The Company's primary competitors in Sichuan include Jinding Wealth and Chengdu Hongxue
Jinxin Business Consulting Co., Ltd., although some of these companies, such as Jinding Wealth, are established lending platforms with large and existing
borrower and investor bases as well as substantial financial resources.
If we are unable to compete with our competitors, the demand for our platform could stagnate or substantially decline, we could continue to experience
reduced revenues or our platform could fail to maintain our market acceptance, any of which could harm our business and results of operations.
Credit and other information that we receive from third parties about a borrower may be inaccurate or may not accurately reflect the borrower's
creditworthiness, which may compromise the accuracy of our credit assessment.
For the purpose of credit assessment, we obtain borrower credit information from third parties, such as financial institutions and e-commerce providers,
and assess applicants' credit and assign credit scores to borrowers based on such credit information. A credit score assigned to a borrower may not reflect that
particular borrower's actual creditworthiness because the credit score may be based on outdated, incomplete or inaccurate consumer reporting data. We
currently do not have a comprehensive way to determine whether borrowers have obtained loans through other online finance marketplaces, creating the risk
whereby a borrower may borrow money through our platform in order to pay off loans to investors on other platforms. Additionally, there is a risk that,
following our obtaining a borrower's credit information, the borrower may have:
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become delinquent in the payment of an outstanding obligation;
defaulted on a pre-existing debt obligation;
taken on additional debt; or
sustained other adverse financial events.
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Such inaccurate or incomplete borrower credit information could compromise the accuracy of our credit assessment and adversely affect the
effectiveness of our control over our default rates, which could in turn harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In addition, our business of connecting investors and borrowers may constitute an intermediary service, and our contracts with these investors and
borrowers may be deemed as intermediation contracts, under the PRC Contract Law. Under the PRC Contract Law, an intermediary may not claim for service
fee and is liable for damages if it conceals any material fact intentionally or provides false information in connection with the conclusion of an intermediation
contract, which results in harm to the client's interests. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Therefore,
if we fail to provide material information to investors, or if we fail to identify false information received from borrowers or others and in turn provide such
information to investors, and in either case if we are also found to be at fault, due to failure or deemed failure to exercise proper care, such as to conduct
adequate information verification or employee supervision, we could be held liable for damages caused to investors as an intermediary pursuant to the PRC
Contract Law. In addition, if we fail to complete our obligations under the agreements entered into with investors and borrowers, we could also be held liable
for damages caused to borrowers or investors pursuant to the PRC Contract Law. On the other hand, we do not assume any liability solely on the basis of
failure to correctly assess the creditworthiness of a particular borrower in the process of facilitating a loan transaction, as long as we do not conceal any
material fact intentionally or provide false information, and are not found to be at fault otherwise. However, due to the lack of detailed regulations and
guidance in the area of peer-to-peer lending services and the possibility that the PRC government authority may promulgate new laws and regulations
regulating peer-to-peer lending services in the future, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC
laws and regulations for the peer-to-peer lending service industry, and there can be no assurance that the PRC government authority will ultimately take a
view that is consistent with us.
Fraudulent activity on our platform could negatively impact our operating results, brand and reputation and cause the use of our loan products and
services to decrease.
We are subject to the risk of fraudulent activity both on our platform and associated with users and third parties handling user information. Our
resources, technologies and fraud detection tools may be insufficient to accurately detect and prevent fraud. Significant increases in fraudulent activity could
negatively impact our brands and reputation, reduce the volume of loan transactions facilitated through our platform and lead us to take additional steps to
reduce fraud risk, which could increase our costs. High profile fraudulent activity could even lead to regulatory intervention, and may divert our management's
attention and cause us to incur additional expenses and costs. Although we have not experienced any material business or reputational harm as a result of
fraudulent activities in the past, we cannot rule out the possibility that any of the foregoing may occur causing harm to our business or reputation in the future.
If any of the foregoing were to occur, our results of operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.
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Our platform and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical, and if it contains undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected.
Our platform and internal systems rely on software that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our platform and internal systems depend on the
ability of such software to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. The software on which we rely has contained, and may now or in the
future contain, undetected errors or bugs. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Errors or other
design defects within the software on which we rely may result in a negative experience for our users, delay introductions of new features or enhancements,
result in errors or compromise our ability to protect user data or our intellectual property. Any errors, bugs or defects discovered in the software on which we
rely could result in harm to our reputation, loss of user or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial conditions.
Because some users may come to our platform from referrals of third parties, it is possible that an unsatisfied user could make a claim against us based
on the content of any information provided by these third parties that could result in claims that are costly to defend and distracting to management.
Some users may come to our platform after reviewing information provided by a third party. We do not review, approve or adopt any information
provided by third parties website and, while we do not believe we would have liability for such information, it is possible that an unsatisfied user could bring
claims against us based on such information. Such claims could be costly and time-consuming to defend and would distract management's attention from the
operation of our business and create negative publicity, which could affect our reputation.
We have incurred net losses and may continue to incur net losses in the future.
Risks Related to Our Business Generally
We had net losses of US$4,542,525 and US$9,858,972 in the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and may continue to incur losses in
the future. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we seek to continue to grow our business, attract borrowers,
investors and partners and further enhance and develop our loan products and platform. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate,
and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. There are other factors that could negatively affect our financial
conditions. For example, the default rates of the loans facilitated through our platform may be higher than expected, which may lead to lower than expected
net revenues. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, our net revenue growth may slow, our net income margins may decline or we may incur additional
net losses in the future and may not be able to achieve and maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. In addition, our net revenue growth rate will
likely decline as our net revenue grows to higher levels.
We may need additional capital, and financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.
In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019, our principal sources of liquidity were proceeds from our IPO and capital contribution from our
stockholders. As of March 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of US$5,020,510, compared with cash and cash equivalents of approximately
US$11,141,566 as of March 31, 2018. We anticipate that, with the proceeds from our June 2019 Offering and anticipated cash flows from operating activities,
we will be able to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12 months. If we
fail to do so due to unexpected situations, we anticipate to receive loans from our stockholders to fund our operations. However, we cannot assure you this
will be the case. We may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also
need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If
we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents we have on hand at the time, we may seek to issue equity or debt
securities or obtain credit facilities. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of
indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that
financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
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Fluctuations in interest rates could negatively affect our results of operations.
We charge service fees to automobile purchasers for facilitating financing transactions. If prevailing market interest rates increase, automobile
purchasers would be less likely to finance automobile purchases with credit or we may need to reduce our service fees to mitigate the impact of increased
interest rates. If we do not sufficiently lower our service fees and keep our fees competitive in such instances, automobile purchasers may decide not to utilize
our services because of our less competitive service fees and may take advantage of lower service fees offered by other companies, and our ability to attract
prospective automobile purchasers as well as our competitive position may be severely undermined. On the other hand, if prevailing market interest rates
decline, the operating margins of financial institutions may decrease, which may make the financial institutions less likely to finance automobile purchases.
Under either circumstance, our financial condition and profitability could also be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, all loans facilitated through our platform have fixed interest rates. If interest rates rise, investors who have already committed capital may
lose the opportunity to take advantage of the higher rates. If interest rates decrease after a loan is made, borrowers through our platform may prepay their loans
to take advantage of the lower rates. Investors through our platform would lose the opportunity to collect the above-market interest rates payable on the
prepaid loans and might delay or reduce future loan investments. As a result, fluctuations in the interest rate environment may discourage users from
participating in our platform, which may adversely affect our business.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.
Our quarterly results of operations, including the levels of our net revenues, expenses, net (loss)/income and other key metrics, may vary significantly in
the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control, and period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be
meaningful, especially given our limited operating history. Accordingly, the results for any one quarter are not necessarily an indication of future
performance. Fluctuations in quarterly results may adversely affect the price of our common stock. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly
financial results include:
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our ability to attract new customers and maintain relationships with existing customers;
our ability to maintain existing relationship with existing financing partners and establish new relationships with additional financial partners for
our Automobile Transaction and Related Services;
the amount of automobile financing transactions we facilitate;
overdue ratios of automobile financing transactions/loans we facilitate;
financial institutions’ willingness and ability to fund financing transactions through our platform on reasonable terms;
loan volumes and the channels through which users are sourced, including the relative mix of online and offline channels;
changes in our product mix and introduction of new products and services;
the amount and timing of operating expenses related to acquiring customers and the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and
infrastructure;
our ability to manage transaction volume growth during the period;
the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses;
network outages or security breaches;
general economic, industry and market conditions;
our emphasis on customer experience instead of near-term growth; and
the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses.
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If we fail to promote and maintain our brands in an effective and cost-efficient way, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brands effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. Successful
promotion of our brands and our ability to attract customers depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we
use to promote our services. Our efforts to build our brands have caused us to incur expenses, and it is likely that our future marketing efforts will require us to
incur additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues
may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brands while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations
and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business.
Any harm to our brands or reputation or any damage to the reputation of our business partners or other third parties, or the online marketplace lending
industry, the automobile financing industry, or the ride-hailing industry may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Maintaining and enhancing the recognition and reputation of our brands is critical to our business and competitiveness. Factors that are vital to this
objective include but are not limited to our ability to:
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maintain and develop relationships with dealers, ride-hailing platforms and financial institutions;
provide prospective and existing customers with superior experiences;
enhance and improve our credit assessment and decision-making models;
effectively manage and resolve any user complaints of financial institutions or customers; and
effectively protect personal information and privacy of customers.
Any malicious or innocent negative allegation made by the media or other parties about the foregoing or other aspects of our company, including but not
limited to our management, business, compliance with law, financial conditions or prospects, whether with merit or not, could severely hurt our reputation and
harm our business and operating results. As the markets for China's automobile financing, ride-hailing and online marketplace lending are new and the
regulatory framework for these market is also evolving, negative publicity about these markets may arise from time to time. Negative publicity about China’s
automobile financing, ride-hailing and online finance marketplace industries in general may also have a negative impact on our reputation, regardless of
whether we have engaged in any inappropriate activities.
In addition, certain factors that may adversely affect our reputation are beyond our control. Negative publicity about our partners, outsourced service
providers or other counterparties, such as negative publicity about any failure by them to adequately protect the information of users, to comply with
applicable laws and regulations or to otherwise meet required quality and service standards could harm our reputation. Furthermore, any negative development
in any of the automobile financing, ride-hailing or online marketplace lending industries, such as bankruptcies or failures of other companies in any of this
these, and especially a large number of such bankruptcies or failures, or negative perception of any of the industries as a whole, such as that arises from any
failure of other finance marketplaces to detect or prevent money laundering or other illegal activities, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents,
could compromise our image, undermine the trust and credibility we have established and impose a negative impact on our ability to attract new borrowers
and investors. Negative developments in these industries, such as widespread automobile purchaser/borrower defaults, unethical or illegal activities by
industry players and/or the closure of platforms providing similar services, may also lead to tightened regulatory scrutiny of these sectors and limit the scope
of permissible business activities that may be conducted by us. If any of the foregoing takes place, our business and results of operations could be materially
and adversely affected.
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Our reputation may be harmed if information supplied by customers is inaccurate, misleading or incomplete.
Our customers supply a variety of information that is included in the loan listings on our platform or in the applications to financing partners. We do not
verify all the information we receive from our customers, and such information may be inaccurate or incomplete. For example, a borrower may use loan
proceeds for other purposes with increased risk than as originally provided. If investors invest in loans through our platform or financing partners provide
funding to the automobile purchasers based on information supplied by borrowers or automobile purchasers that is inaccurate, misleading or incomplete, those
investors/financing partners may not receive their expected returns and our reputation may be harmed. Moreover, inaccurate, misleading or incomplete
customer information could also potentially subject us to liability as an intermediary under the PRC Contract Law. See “Business — Regulations.”
Our operations depend on the performance of the internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.
Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and
regulatory supervision of the MIIT. We primarily rely on a limited number of telecommunication service providers to provide us with data communications
capacity through local telecommunications lines and internet data centers to host our servers. We have limited access to alternative networks or services in the
event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China's internet infrastructure or the fixed telecommunications networks provided by telecommunication
service providers. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our technology and infrastructure to keep up with the requirements of
our operations. We cannot assure you that the internet infrastructure and the fixed telecommunications networks in China will be able to support the demands
associated with the continued growth in internet usage.
In addition, we have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunication service providers. If the prices we pay for
telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if internet access fees or other
charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline and our business may be harmed.
Misconduct, errors and failure to function by our employees and third-party service providers could harm our business and reputation.
We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of misconduct and errors by our employees and third-party service providers. Our
business depends on our employees and third-party service providers to interact with potential customers, process large numbers of transactions and support
the loan/lease payment collection process, all of which involve the use and disclosure of personal information. We could be materially adversely affected if
transactions were redirected, misappropriated or otherwise improperly executed, if personal information was disclosed to unintended recipients or if an
operational breakdown or failure in the processing of transactions occurred, whether as a result of human error, purposeful sabotage or fraudulent
manipulation of our operations or systems. In addition, the manner in which we store and use certain personal information and interact with our customers is
governed by various PRC laws. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct or errors by employees or third-party service providers, and the
precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses. If any of our employees or
third-party service providers take, convert or misuse funds, documents or data or fail to follow protocol when interacting with customers, we could be liable
for damages and subject to regulatory actions and penalties. We could also be perceived to have facilitated or participated in the illegal misappropriation of
funds, documents or data, or the failure to follow protocol, and therefore be subject to civil or criminal liability. Aggressive practices or misconduct by any of
our third-party service providers in the course of collecting loans could damage our reputation.
Furthermore, as we rely on certain third-party service providers, such as third-party payment platforms and custody and settlement service providers, to
conduct our business, if these third-party service providers failed to function properly, we cannot assure you that we would be able to find an alternative in a
timely and cost-efficient manner or at all. Any of these occurrences could result in our diminished ability to operate our business, potential liability to
borrowers and investors, inability to attract borrowers and investors, reputational damage, regulatory intervention and financial harm, which could negatively
impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A severe or prolonged downturn in the Chinese or global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese or global economy may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In
particular, general economic factors and conditions in China or worldwide, including the general interest rate environment and unemployment rates, may
affect borrower willingness to seek loans and investor ability and desire to invest in loans. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic
conditions. The global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions since 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies have
experienced periods of recession. The recovery from the lows of 2008 and 2009 has been uneven and there are new challenges, including the escalation of the
European sovereign debt crisis from 2011 and the slowdown of China's economic growth since 2012 which may continue. There is considerable uncertainty
over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world's
leading economies, including the United States and China. There have also been concerns over unrest in Ukraine, the Middle East and Africa, which have
resulted in volatility in financial and other markets. There have also been concerns about the economic effect of the tensions in the relationship between China
and the United States. If present Chinese and global economic uncertainties persist, our business partners may suspend their collaboration or reduce their
business with us or investors may delay or reduce their investment in the loans facilitated through our platform. Adverse economic conditions could also
reduce the number of customers seeking to utilize our services. Should any of these situations occur, our transaction volume will decline, and our business and
financial conditions will be negatively impacted. Additionally, continued turbulence in the international markets may adversely affect our ability to access the
capital markets to meet liquidity needs.
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Our ability to protect the confidential information of our customers may be adversely affected by cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic
break-ins or similar disruptions.
We collect, store and process certain personal and other sensitive data from our customers, which makes it an attractive target and potentially vulnerable
to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions. While we have taken steps to protect the confidential information
that we have access to, our security measures could be breached. Because techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems change
frequently and generally are not recognized until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate
preventative measures. Any accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access to our operation systems could cause confidential user
information to be stolen and used for criminal purposes. Security breaches or unauthorized access to confidential information could also expose us to liability
related to the loss of the information, time-consuming and expensive litigation and negative publicity. If security measures are breached because of third-party
action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design flaws in our technology infrastructure are exposed and exploited, our relationships with
borrowers and investors could be severely damaged, we could incur significant liability and our business and operations could be adversely affected.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal
control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
In connection with the audits of our financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2019, we have identified “material weaknesses” and other control
deficiencies including significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. As defined in the standards established by the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board of the United States (the “PCAOB”), a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control
over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be
prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The material weaknesses that have been identified include: (i) insufficient financial reporting and accounting with appropriate knowledge of U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to
prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements; (ii) lack of
comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP; (iii) lack of proper procedures in place to identify certain related
party transaction; (iv) ineffective entity level control; (v) lack of sufficient resources with technical competency to review and record non-routine or complex
transactions; and (vi) failure to obtain proper board approval on a material agreement in time.
We have implemented, and continue to implement, measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting and remediate the control
deficiencies that led to these material weaknesses. We plan to engage a qualified consulting firm to review and improve renew and improve our framework of
internal controls, including setting up risk and control matrix, drawing flowcharts of significant transactions, evaluating controls effectiveness, preparing
manual of internal control, tracing rectifications and performing control testing; (ii) hire additional accounting staffs with comprehensive knowledge of U.S.
GAAP and SEC reporting requirements; (iii) hire additional internal audit staffs to increase segregation of duties and (iv) invest in technology infrastructure to
support our financial reporting function.
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We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we intend to take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate material
weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. In addition, neither our
management nor an independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance
with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act because no such evaluation has been required. Had we or our independent registered public accounting firm
performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, additional material
weaknesses may have been identified. If we are unable to successfully remediate our existing or any future material weaknesses in our internal control over
financial reporting, or identify any additional material weaknesses, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, potentially
resulting in restatements of our financial statements, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of
periodic reports and applicable Nasdaq listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, and our share price may decline as a
result.
We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
We regard our trademarks, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on
a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our employees and
others to protect our proprietary rights. We have 15 software copyrights, six trademarks and five trademark applications pending at the PRC Trademark
Office. See “Business — Intellectual Property” and “Business — Regulations — Regulations on Intellectual Property.” Thus, we cannot assure you that any
of our intellectual property rights would not be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property will be sufficient to
provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industries, parts of our business rely on
technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties
on reasonable terms, or at all.
It is often difficult to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial
interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Confidentiality and non-
compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may
not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China. Preventing any unauthorized use of our
intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event
that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and
financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become
available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in
their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents,
copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and
claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other
intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual
property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party
infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management's time and other resources from our business and operations to defend
against these claims, regardless of their merits.
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Additionally, the application and interpretation of China’s intellectual property right laws and the procedures and standards for granting trademarks,
patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in China are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot assure you that PRC courts or
regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability
for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives
of our own. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Some aspects of our digital operations include open source software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more of these open source licenses
could negatively affect our business.
Some aspects of our digital operations include software covered by open source licenses. The terms of various open source licenses have not been
interpreted by PRC courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our
online and mobile-based channels. If portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to
publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies if required so by the license, or otherwise be limited
in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and loan products. In addition to risks related to
license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally
do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with use of open source software cannot be eliminated, and
could adversely affect our business.
From time to time we may evaluate and potentially consummate strategic investments or acquisitions, which could require significant management
attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our financial results.
Although we do not currently have any plans to consummate any acquisitions, we may in the future evaluate and consider strategic investments,
combinations, acquisitions or alliances to further increase the value of our services and better serve our customers. These transactions could be material to our
financial condition and results of operations if consummated. If we are able to identify an appropriate business opportunity, we may not be able to successfully
consummate the transaction and, even if we do consummate such a transaction, we may be unable to obtain the benefits or avoid the difficulties and risks of
such transaction.
Strategic investments or acquisitions will involve risks commonly encountered in business relationships, including:
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difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, personnel, systems, data, technologies, products and services of the acquired business;
inability of the acquired technologies, products or businesses to achieve expected levels of revenue, profitability, productivity or other benefits;
difficulties in retaining, training, motivating and integrating key personnel;
diversion of management's time and resources from our normal daily operations;
difficulties in successfully incorporating licensed or acquired technology and rights into our business;
difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies within the combined organizations;
difficulties in retaining relationships with customers, employees and suppliers of the acquired business;
risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience;
regulatory risks, including remaining in good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary pre-closing or post-closing
approvals, as well as being subject to new regulators with oversight over an acquired business;
assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights or
increase our risk for liability;
failure to successfully further develop the acquired technology;
liability for activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws,
commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities;
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potential disruptions to our ongoing businesses; and
unexpected costs and unknown risks and liabilities associated with strategic investments or acquisitions.
We may not make any investments or acquisitions, or any future investments or acquisitions may not be successful, may not benefit our business
strategy, may not generate sufficient revenues to offset the associated acquisition costs or may not otherwise result in the intended benefits. In addition, we
cannot assure you that any future investment in or acquisition of new businesses or technology will lead to the successful development of new or enhanced
loan products and services or that any new or enhanced loan products and services, if developed, will achieve market acceptance or prove to be profitable.
Our business depends on the continued efforts of our senior management. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in
their present positions, our business may be severely disrupted.
Our business operations depend on the continued services of our senior management, particularly the executive officers named in this Report. While we
have provided different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue to retain their services. If one or more of our key executives
were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, our future growth may be constrained, our
business may be severely disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we may incur
additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements
with our management, there is no assurance that any member of our management team will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any
dispute arises between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China
or we may be unable to enforce them at all.
Competition for employees is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain the qualified and skilled employees needed to support our business.
We believe our success depends on the efforts and talent of our employees, including risk management, driver and automobile management, post-
financing management, financial and marketing personnel. Our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain
qualified and skilled employees. Competition for highly skilled technical, risk management and financial personnel is extremely intense. We may not be able
to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which
we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.
In addition, we invest significant time and expenses in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them.
If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our services and our ability
to serve borrowers and investors could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.
Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The economy in China has experienced increases in inflation and labor costs in recent years. As a result, average wages in the PRC are expected to
continue to increase. In addition, we are required by PRC laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including pension, housing fund,
medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our
employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those
employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We expect that our labor costs, including
wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to control our labor costs or pass on these increased labor costs to our customers
by increasing the fees of our services, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
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Certain data and information in this Report were obtained from third-party sources and were not independently verified by us.
This Report contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private entity publications. Statistical data in these
publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data is later found to be
incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions.
We have not independently verified the data and information contained in such third-party publications and reports. Data and information contained in
such third-party publications and reports may be collected using third-party methodologies, which may differ from the data collection methods used by us. In
addition, these industry publications and reports generally indicate that the information contained therein was believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the
accuracy and completeness of such information.
If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, collaboration and focus that contribute to our business.
We believe that a critical component of our success is our corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, encourages teamwork and cultivates
creativity. As we develop the infrastructure of a public company and continue to grow, we may find it difficult to maintain these valuable aspects of our
corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively impact our future success, including our ability to attract and retain employees,
encourage innovation and teamwork and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.
We have limited business insurance coverage.
Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies.
Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations other than the accident insurance and commercial liability
insurance, which are mandatory, on all the automobiles we purchase for sales or financing. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and
the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured
business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of
operations and financial condition.
We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.
We are vulnerable to natural disasters and other calamities. Fire, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, break-ins, war,
riots, terrorist attacks or similar events may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet failures,
which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect our ability to provide products and
services.
Our business could also be adversely affected by the effects of Ebola virus disease, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, avian flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(“SARS”), or other epidemics. Our business operations could be disrupted if any of our employees is suspected of having Ebola virus disease, H1N1 flu,
H7N9 flu, avian flu, SARS or other epidemic, since it could require our employees to be quarantined and/or our offices to be disinfected. In addition, our
results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any of these epidemics harms the Chinese economy in general.
Our current corporate structure and business operations may be affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
On March 15, 2019, the NPC approved the Foreign Investment Law, which will take effect on January 1, 2020. Since it is relatively new, uncertainties
exist in relation to its interpretation and its implementation rules that are yet to be issued. The Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify whether
variable interest entities that are controlled through contractual arrangements would be deemed as foreign-invested enterprises if they are ultimately
“controlled” by foreign investors. However, it has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign investment” that includes investments made by foreign
investors in China through other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations or the State Council. Therefore it still leaves leeway for future laws,
administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. Therefore, there can be
no assurance that our control over Sichuan Senmiao through contractual arrangements will not be deemed as foreign investment in the future.
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The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries
specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in a “negative list” that is yet to be published. It is unclear whether the “negative list”
to be published will differ from the current Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List). The Foreign
Investment Law provides that foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require market entry clearance and other
approvals from relevant PRC government authorities. If our control over Sichuan Senmiao through contractual arrangements are deemed as foreign
investment in the future, and any business of Sichuan Senmiao is “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment under the “negative list” effective at the
time, we may be deemed to be in violation of the Foreign Investment Law, the contractual arrangements that allow us to have control over Sichuan Senmiao
may be deemed as invalid and illegal, and we may be required to unwind such contractual arrangements and/or restructure our business operations, any of
which may have a material adverse effect on our business operation.
Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing
contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take
timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current
corporate structure and business operations.
We rely on the Voting Agreement with other shareholders of Jinkailong to operate our automobile transaction and related services business, and such
Voting Agreement is subject to various risks, the realization of which may impact our ability to control Jinkailong and consolidate its financial statements.
We holds 35% of the equity interest of Jinkailong while the other three shareholders of Jinkailong hold 65% in the aggregate. Although we are the
largest shareholder and through the Voting Agreement, control the corporate matters of Jinkailong including fundamental corporate transactions, the other
shareholders of Jinkailong may breach the Voting Agreement, or act in concert and exert control over Jinkailong through their majority equity ownership,
which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively control Jinkailong and receive economic benefits from it.
Under the Voting Agreement, the other shareholders may not dispose of their equity interest in Jinkailong unless the new shareholder agrees to be bound
by the Voting Agreement. However, as the Voting Agreement is neither registered with any government authority nor publicly disclosed, a good faith third
party purchaser may refuse to recognize the Voting Agreement and become a party to such agreement, which will impact our ability to control Jinkailong.
Likewise, if the equity interest of Jinkailong held by other shareholders is sold to any third party in satisfaction of the debt of such shareholders, our ability to
enforce our rights under the Voting Agreement may be impaired.
If any of the events occurs, we may not effectively control the operations of Jinkailong and may lose the ability to consolidate the financial statements of
Jinkailong under US GAAP, which will materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions.
If the PRC government deems that the contractual arrangements in relation to Sichuan Senmiao do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on
foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject
to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.
Foreign ownership of internet-based businesses, such as distribution of online information, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and
regulations. For example, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunication service provider
(except e-commerce) and any such foreign investor must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a
good track record in accordance with the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-invested Telecommunication Enterprises, the Special Administrative
Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version) and the Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment
(Negative List) (2019 Version) (which will come into force on July 30, 2019 and replace the 2018 Version).
We are a Nevada corporation and our PRC subsidiaries are considered foreign invested enterprises. To comply with PRC laws and regulations, we
conduct our operations of Online Lending Services in China through a series of contractual arrangements entered into among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan
Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we exert control over Sichuan Senmiao and consolidate its
operating results in our financial statements under U.S. GAAP. For a detailed description of these contractual arrangements, see “Business — Our Corporate
Structure.”
In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Yuan Tai Law Offices, our current ownership structure, the ownership structure of Senmiao Consulting and Sichuan
Senmiao, and the contractual arrangements among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are not in violation of
existing PRC laws, rules and regulations; and these contractual arrangements are valid, binding and enforceable in accordance with their terms and applicable
PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, Yuan Tai Law Offices has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the
interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations and there can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a
view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel.
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It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws, rules or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they
would provide. If the ownership structure, contractual arrangements and business of our company, Senmiao Consulting or Sichuan Senmiao are found to be in
violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant
governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of
Senmiao Consulting or Sichuan Senmiao, revoking the business licenses or operating licenses of Senmiao Consulting or Sichuan Senmiao, shutting down our
servers or blocking our online platform, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations, requiring us to undergo a costly and
disruptive restructuring, restricting or prohibiting our use of proceeds from our public offerings to finance our business and operations in China, and taking
other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business
operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If any of these occurrences results in our inability to direct the activities of Sichuan Senmiao, and/or our failure to receive economic benefits from Sichuan
Senmiao, we may not be able to consolidate its results into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
We rely on contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao, Jinkailong and their respective equity holders for our business operations, which may not be
as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao, Jinkailong and their respective equity holders to
operate our online lending business and a substantially part of our automobile transaction and related services. For a description of these contractual
arrangements, see “Business — Our Corporate Structure.” These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with
control over Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong. For example, Sichuan Senmiao, Jinkailong and their respective equity holders could breach their contractual
arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct its operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our
interests.
If we had direct ownership of Sichuan Senmiao or own over 50% equity interest of Jinkailong, we would be able to exercise our rights as an equity
holder to effect changes in the board of directors of Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable
fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by Sichuan
Senmiao, Jinkailong and their respective equity holders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong. The
equity holders of Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts.
Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate our business through the contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong. If
any equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao or Jinkailong is uncooperative or any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our
rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC laws and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to
uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “Risk Factors — Any failure by Sichuan Senmiao or its equity holders to perform their obligations under our
contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.” Therefore, our contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao
may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be.
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Any failure by our VIEs or their equity holders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse
effect on our business.
If our VIEs or their equity holders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs
and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws, including seeking specific
performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective under PRC laws. For example, if the equity holders of
Sichuan Senmiao were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these
contractual arrangements, or if the equity holders of Jinkailong refused to perform their obligations under these contractual arrangements, or if they were
otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.
All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes in China. Accordingly, these
contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system
in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our
ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in
the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC laws. In the event that we are unable to enforce these
contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to
exert effective control over Sichuan Senmiao, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing
Business in China — Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.”
The equity holders of our VIEs may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial
condition.
The interests of the equity holders in our VIEs may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. These equity holders may breach, or cause our
VIEs to breach, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIEs, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to
effectively control our VIEs and receive economic benefits from them. For example, the equity holders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIEs to
be performed in a manner adverse to us. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these equity holders will act in the best
interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these equity holders and our company, except that we
could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreement with the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders to request them to transfer all of their equity
interests in Sichuan Senmiao to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC laws or in the case of Jinkailong, the other
shareholders of Jinkailong (except one minor shareholder) have committed not to, directly or indirectly, engage in the same business in which the Company
engages. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, we would have to rely on legal
proceedings, which could result in the disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.
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Contractual arrangements in relation to Sichuan Senmiao may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or
Sichuan Senmiao owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax
authorities within ten years after the taxable year when the transactions are conducted. The EIT Law requires every enterprise in China to submit its annual
enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its related parties to the relevant tax authorities. The tax authorities may impose
reasonable adjustments on taxation if they have identified any related party transactions that are inconsistent with arm's length principles. We may face
material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao,
and Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders were not entered into on an arm's length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under
applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust Sichuan Senmiao’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment
could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Sichuan Senmiao for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax
liabilities without reducing Senmiao Consulting's tax expenses. In addition, if Senmiao Consulting requests the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders to transfer their
equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao at nominal or no value pursuant to these contractual arrangements, such transfer could be viewed as a gift and subject
Senmiao Consulting to PRC income tax. Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on Sichuan Senmiao for the
adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if Sichuan Senmiao's tax
liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.
We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our VIEs that are material to the operation of our business if the entity goes bankrupt or becomes
subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.
Our VIEs hold certain assets that are material to the operation of our business. Under the contractual arrangements, our VIEs may not and its equity
holders may not cause it to, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or its legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior
consent. However, in the event the equity holders of our VIEs breach the these contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate our VIEs, or any of our
VIEs declares bankruptcy and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, or are otherwise disposed of without our
consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and
results of operations. If any of our VIEs undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, independent third-party creditors may claim rights to
some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Our operations may need to be modified to comply with existing and future requirements set forth by the CBRC or laws or regulations promulgated by
other PRC authorities regulating the marketplace lending industry in China.
In April 2014, the CBRC announced four principles regarding the marketplace lending industry in China: (i) marketplace lending platforms shall be
treated as agencies, (ii) marketplace lending platforms shall not provide guarantee services, (iii) marketplace lending platforms shall not maintain a fund pool,
and (iv) marketplace lending platforms shall not illegally conduct fundraising.
In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators, including the PBOC, the CBRC, the Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the
Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines, which identified the CBRC as the supervisory regulator for the online lending industry.
According to the Guidelines, online marketplace lending platforms may only serve as intermediaries to provide information services to borrowers and
investors, and may not provide credit enhancement services or illegally conduct fundraising. The Guidelines also outlined certain regulatory propositions,
which would require Internet finance companies, including online marketplace lending platforms, to (i) complete website filing procedures with the
administrative departments overseeing telecommunications; (ii) use banking financial institutions' depository accounts to hold lending capital, and engage an
independent auditor to audit such accounts and publish audit results to customers; (iii) improve the disclosure of operational and financial information, provide
sufficient risk disclosure, and set up thresholds for qualified investors to provide better protections to investors; (iv) enhance online security management to
protect customers' personal and transactional information; and (v) take measures against anti-money laundering and other financial crimes.
In August 2016, the CBRC and other regulators collectively announced the publication of the Interim Measures. The Interim Measures also stipulated a
twelve-month transition period from the time of their effectiveness for online lending intermediaries to make necessary adjustments. Apart from what had
already been emphasized in the Guidelines and other previously released principles, the Interim Measures also include: (i) general principles; (ii) filing
administration; (iii) business rules and risk management guidelines; (iv) protection measures for investors and borrowers; (v) rules on information disclosure;
(vi) supervision and administrative mechanisms; and (vii) legal liabilities. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending
Industry.”
In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the SAIC jointly issued the Guidance of Administration, which provides the general filing rules for online
lending intermediaries and delegates the filing authority to the local financial authorities. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations Related to the
Marketplace Lending Industry.” Since 2017, local financial regulators have been conducting investigations on the online lending intermediaries, and if we
failed to be in full compliance with any regulations, we may be required to rectify mistakes within a certain period as stipulated in the rectification order of
local financial regulators. After local financing regulators have completed their investigation and examination, we may be permitted to submit a filing
application.
In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to regulate funds depositories for online lending intermediaries, which defines several obligations
and responsibilities of online lending intermediaries and commercial banks involved in the online funds depository business. See “Business — Regulations —
Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” To the extent our current arrangements with commercial banks are deemed to be not-compliant
with any of the Guidance's requirements, we may need to adjust our operations within the six-month grace period, and as a result, our business may be
materially and adversely impacted. See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Online Lending Services — If we are unable to maintain
relationships with our third-party service providers, our business will suffer.”
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Some elements of our platform may not currently be operating in full compliance with the Guidelines, the Interim Measures, the Guidance and the other
principles that have been announced in recent years. For example, the Guidelines, the Interim Measures, the Guidance and other regulations are not clear
about the definition of “credit enhancement service,” nor do they address whether a marketplace lending platform's affiliated enterprises could provide a
“credit enhancement service.” Additionally, the Interim Measures provide upper limits on the loan balance of a single borrower. While our business mainly
involves lending small amounts to a large number of borrowers, we still may not be in full compliance with the upper limits set forth in the Interim Measures.
We have adjusted the upper limits of our loans as necessary. We may need to rely on the information provided by borrowers to determine whether their
lending amounts from all intermediaries have reached the upper limits, and the information they provide us may contain misrepresentation or omission or
otherwise be unreliable. Moreover, the Interim Measures require online lending intermediaries to file with the local financial regulators and to include serving
as an Internet lending information intermediary in their business scope. We plan to make all requisite filings and changes to our business scope to the extent
necessary when such filing procedures are clarified by the relevant authorities. Although we do not anticipate any material difficulties in making the requisite
filings or changing our business scope, any failure to do so within the specified twelve-month transition period may result in the violation of the Interim
Measures. In addition, the Interim Measures stipulate that online lending intermediaries shall not operate businesses other than risk management and necessary
business processes such as information collection and confirmation, post-loan tracking and pledge management in accordance with online-lending regulations,
via offline physical locations. However, the Interim Measures do not clearly set forth the types of business process that are not permitted to operate through
offline physical locations.
Furthermore, the Interim Measures proposed requirements including with respect to certain prohibited activities, risk disclosure, borrower information
disclosure and online dispute resolution, examination and verification functions, anti-fraud measures, risk education and training, information reporting, anti-
money laundering, anti-terrorist financing, systems, facilities and technologies, service fees, electronic signatures, loan management, risk assessment, auditing
and authentication, reporting obligations and information security. To the extent that our business is deemed to be non-compliant with any of these
requirements of the Interim Measures, we may need to make necessary adjustments to comply within the specified twelve-month transition period and, as a
result, our business may be materially and adversely affected. If we fail to rectify the non-compliance within the specified twelve-month transition period or
the period set forth by relevant regulatory authorities, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad authorities in dealing with our failure of
compliance, the business license or operating licenses of Senmiao Consulting or affiliated entity may be revoked, our online platform may be ordered to close
and if a crime constitutes, criminal responsibility will be investigated as well.
In May 2017, the CBRC, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice on Further Strengthening
the Regulation and Management Work of Campus Online Lending Business (the “CBRC Circular 26”). The CBRC Circular 26 provides that all campus
online lending business conducted by the online lending information intermediaries shall be suspended and the outstanding balance of online campus lending
loans shall be gradually reduced until reaching a zero balance.
On December 1, 2017, the Internet Finance Rectification Office and the Online Lending Rectification Office jointly issued Circular 141, which reiterates
requirements of the Interim Measures and further imposes measures to strengthen the regulation of online lending information intermediary platform.
Circular 141 provides, with respect to online lending information intermediary platforms:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
Loan business not in compliance with the provisions of the law on interest rates shall not be matched directly or in a disguised manner; and it is
forbidden to deduct interests, commission fees, management fees, and deposit from the loan principal in advance, set high overdue interest, late fee
and interest penalty and the like.
Comprehensive capital costs collected from borrowers in the form of interest rates and various fees shall be in compliance with the provisions on
interests of private lending (i.e. the sum of interest rate and various fees cannot exceed the annual interest rate at 36%).
Various loan conditions, overdue information and other information shall be disclosed comprehensively and publicly, and risks shall be pointed out
to borrowers.
Clients’ information collection, selection, credit rating, account opening and other core work shall not be outsourced.
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(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
Participation in P2P online lending with the funds from banking financial institutions shall not be matched.
Loan matching services shall not be provided to any students at school or any borrower without source of repayment or repayment capacity. “Down
payment loans”, real estate off-floor financing and other house purchasing financing loans matching services shall not be provided.
Loan matching services without designated use shall not be provided.
We believe we are currently in compliance with the requirements Circular 141. However, there is a risk that relevant PRC authorities will take a view
contrary to ours, which could create regulatory challenges for our business and impact our results of operations. Any violation of Circular 141 may result in
penalties, including but not limited to, suspension of operation, orders to make rectification, condemnation, revocation of license, order to cease business
operation and criminal liabilities.
Additionally, if the regulatory authorities in the PRC adopt new regulations and rules applicable to online lending platforms such as further requirements
on disclosure of designated use of loan proceeds or other aspects of our business operations in future, or interpret or apply existing rules and regulations
differently in the future, we may need to amend our business practices which could cause us to incur additional expenses or could impair our ability to operate.
If we were unable to effectively implement or comply with new measures to comply with new regulations, our business, financial condition and results of
operations would be materially and adversely affected.
Further, in December 2017, the Online Lending Rectification Office issued Circular 57, providing further clarification on several matters in connection
with the rectification and record-filing of online lending information intermediaries. The local governmental authorities shall conduct and complete
acceptance inspection of the rectification with the following timetable: (i) completion of record-filing for major online lending information intermediaries by
the end of April 2018; (ii) with respect to online lending information intermediaries with substantial outstanding balance of those loans prohibited under the
relevant laws and regulations and timely reduction of those balance is difficult, the relevant business and outstanding balance shall be disposed and/or carved
out, and record-filing shall be completed by the end of May 2018; (iii) with respect to those online lending information intermediaries with complex and
extraordinary circumstances and substantial difficulties exist to complete rectification, the “relevant work” shall be completed by the end of June 2018. Online
lending information intermediaries that fail to complete the record-filing within the prescribed time shall not carry out online lending information intermediary
business.
Despite our efforts to comply with the newly promulgated regulations on P2P lending companies, there is a risk that we may be unable to complete the
record-filing for our platform in time as prescribed under relevant regulations. If there is a delay in completing our record-filing or if we fail to complete the
record- filing, our operations may be suspended or even ceased. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely
affected.
Moreover, to the extent that we are not able to fully comply with any existing or new regulations when they are promulgated, our business, financial
condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. We are unable to predict with certainty the impact, if any, that future legislation,
judicial precedents or regulations relating to the online consumer finance industry will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
For a further description of the laws and regulations applicable to us, see “Business — Regulations.”
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As the regulatory framework for our business evolves, domestic and foreign governments may draft and propose new laws, regulations, notices or
interpretive releases to regulate marketplace lending, including our online and mobile-based channels, which may negatively affect our business.
The marketplace lending industry in China has historically been largely unregulated. In July 2015, ten PRC central government ministries and regulators,
including the PBOC, the CBRC, the Ministry of Finance, the MPS and the Cyberspace Administration of China, together released the Guidelines, which
provide regulatory principles for Internet financing businesses, including those in the online marketplace lending industry. In August 2016, the CBRC and
other regulators collectively announced the Interim Measures, which proposed the implementation of new requirements including, among others, filing,
reporting, fund depository, risk and information disclosure, loan management and the permitted business scope for participants in the online marketplace
lending industry. In November 2016, the CBRC, the MIIT and the SAIC, jointly issued the Guidance to the Administration of Filling and Registration of
Online Lending Information Intermediaries, or the Guidance of Administration, which provides general filing rules for online lending intermediaries, and
authorizes local financial regulators to make detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures according to their local practices. See “Business —
Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending Industry.” Since 2017, local financial regulators have been conducting thorough
investigations and inspections of online lending intermediaries and require a rectification if any illegality is discovered. After local financing regulators have
completed their investigation and examination, we may be permitted to submit a filing application. In February 2017, the CBRC released the Guidance to
regulate funds depositories for online lending intermediaries, which defines several obligations and responsibilities of online lending intermediaries and
commercial banks involved in the online funds depository business. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations Related to the Marketplace Lending
Industry.” Nevertheless, it is uncertain as to how the Interim Measures will be further interpreted and implemented. The relevant local authorities are also in
the process of making detailed implementation rules regarding filing procedures. However, the final content and timing of the final implementation rules and
other related new rules are uncertain. To the extent that we are not able to fully comply with the new regulations in the grace period of twelve months or any
new regulations differ from our expectations, we may be materially and adversely affected. The relevant governmental authorities would have broad
authorities in dealing with our failure of compliance, including levying fines, confiscating our income or the income of Senmiao Consulting or Sichuan
Senmiao, revoking the business license or operating licenses of Senmiao Consulting or Sichuan Senmiao, shutting down our servers or blocking our online
platform, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operation, requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring, and taking
other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business
operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are unable to predict with certainty the impact, if any, that future legislation, judicial precedents, or regulations relating to the marketplace lending
industry will have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the increasing growth in popularity of marketplace lending and
borrowing increases the likelihood that the PRC government will seek to further regulate the marketplace lending industry.
In addition, the regulatory framework for Internet commerce, including online marketplaces such as our platform, with respect to our platform's online
and mobile-based channels, is evolving, and it is possible that new laws and regulations will be adopted domestically and internationally, or existing laws and
regulations may be interpreted in new ways, which, along with possible changes needed to fully comply with any newly released regulation, could affect the
operation of our platform and the way in which we interact with borrowers and investors. The cost to comply with such laws or regulations would increase our
operating expenses, and we may be unable to pass those costs on to borrowers and investors in the form of increased fees. In addition, governmental or
regulatory agencies may decide to impose taxes on services provided over the Internet or by online marketplaces. These taxes could discourage the use of our
platform, which would adversely affect the viability of our business.
The facilitation of loans through our platform could give rise to liabilities under PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising.
PRC laws and regulations prohibit persons and companies from raising funds through advertising to the public a promise to repay premium or interest
payments over time through payments in cash or in kind except with the prior approval of the applicable government authorities. Failure to comply with these
laws and regulations may result in penalties imposed by the PBOC or AIC, and other governmental authorities, and can lead to civil or criminal lawsuits.
To date, our platform has not been subject to any fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. Our
platform only acts as an information service provider in the facilitation of loans between borrowers and investors, our platform has not been subject to any
fines or other penalties under any PRC laws and regulations that prohibit illegal fundraising. In this regard, as advised by our PRC counsel, the business
operation of our platform does not violate the current existing PRC laws and regulations prohibiting illegal fundraising Nevertheless, considerable
uncertainties exist with respect to the PBOC, AIC and other governmental authorities' interpretations of the fundraising-related laws and regulations. While
our agreements with investors require investors to guarantee the legality of all funds investors put on our platform, we do not verify the source of investors'
funds separately, and therefore, to the extent that investors' funds are obtained through illegal fundraising, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of
illegal fundraising. In addition, we do not monitor the borrowers' use of funds on an on-going basis, and therefore, to the extent that borrowers use proceeds
from the loans for illegal activities, we may be negligently liable as a facilitator of an illegal use. Although we have designed and implemented procedures to
identify and eliminate instances of fraudulent conduct on our platform, as the number of borrowers and investors on our platform increases, we may not be
able to identify all fraudulent conduct that may violate illegal fundraising laws and regulations.
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The facilitation of loans through our platform could give rise to liabilities under PRC laws and regulations that prohibit unauthorized public offerings.
The PRC Securities Law stipulates that no organization or individual is permitted to issue securities for public offering without obtaining prior approval
in accordance with the provisions of the law. The following offerings are deemed the be public offerings under the PRC Securities Law: (i) offering of
securities to non-specific targets; (ii) offering of securities to more than 200 specific targets; and (iii) other offerings provided by the laws and administrative
regulations. Additionally, private offerings of securities shall not be carried out through advertising, open solicitation and disguised publicity campaigns. If
any transaction between one borrower and multiple investors on our platform is identified as a public offering by PRC government authorities, we may be
subject to sanctions under PRC laws and our business may be adversely affected.
We are required to obtain a value-added telecommunication business certificate and be subject to foreign investment restrictions.
PRC regulations impose sanctions for engaging in Internet information services of a commercial nature without having obtained an ICP certificate. PRC
regulations also impose sanctions for engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing without having obtained an online data
processing and transaction processing, or ODPTP, certificate (ICP and ODPTP are both sub-sets of value-added telecommunication business certificates).
These sanctions include corrective orders and warnings from the PRC communication administration authority, fines and confiscation of illegal gains and, in
the case of significant infringements, the websites may be ordered to cease operation. Nevertheless, the PRC regulatory authorities' enforcement of such
regulations in the context of marketplace lending platforms remains unclear. The Interim Measures provide that online lending information intermediaries
must apply for value-added telecommunications business licenses in accordance with the relevant provisions of telecommunications authorities after filing
with a local financial regulator. However, PRC regulatory authorities to date have not explicitly stipulated whether the operator of a marketplace lending
platform (including in the form of a website or mobile Internet application) is engaging in Internet information services requiring an ICP certificate or an
ODPTP certificate. If we could not obtain such value-added telecommunication certificates pursuant to the relevant regulations, we may not be able to conduct
online lending intermediaries' services, but it is unclear whether online lending intermediaries would be deemed to be engaged in a commercial information
provider business or online data processing and transaction processing business or whether an ICP certificate or an ODPTP certificate is required. To the
extent that the PRC regulatory authorities require such value-added telecommunication certificate to be obtained or set forth rules that impose additional
requirements, and we do not obtain such certificate, we may be subject to the sanctions described above. We plan to apply for filing immediately after the
filing procedures are clarified by the relevant authorities, and apply for the corresponding value-added telecommunication business certificates after
completing the filing, provided that the relevant telecommunication authority clarify which sub-set of telecommunication business certificates need to be
obtained by market lending platforms and how to apply for such certificate.
According to the Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunication Enterprises, the ratio of investment by foreign investors in a
foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of a value-added telecommunication business shall not exceed 50%. Foreign
investors are only permitted to invest up to 50% of the registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise that engages in the operation of
commercial Internet information services or general online data processing and transaction processing services.
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As an exception, Circular 196, which was promulgated on June 19, 2015, provides that foreign investors are permitted to invest up to 100% of the
registered capital in a foreign-invested telecommunication enterprise engaging in the operation of online data processing and transaction processing
(E-commerce). While Circular 196 permits foreign ownership, in whole or in part, of online data processing and transaction processing businesses
(E-commerce), a sub-set of value-added telecommunications services, there is still uncertainty regarding whether foreign investment restrictions may be
applied to our business and industry.
Further, under either circumstance, the largest foreign investor will be required to have a satisfactory business track record and operational experience in
the value-added telecommunication business. If regulatory authorities were to treat marketplace lending businesses as Internet information services of a
commercial nature, which is a form of a value-added telecommunication business, our platform may be subject to such foreign investment restrictions and we
may be required to restructure our operations by establishing a joint venture with foreign capital equal to no more than 50% of its total capital or a domestic
enterprise with no foreign capital through variable interest entities to obtain a telecommunication business certificate. Any such restructuring may be costly
and may involve interruptions to our business. If we are unable to obtain the telecommunication business certificate in a timely fashion, our business may be
materially and adversely affected.
Changes in China's economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
Substantially all of our operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be
influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level
of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures
emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved
corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese
government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises
significant control over China's economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting
monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.
While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various
sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.
Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of
operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese
government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause
decreased economic activity in China, and since 2012, China’s economic growth has slowed down. Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese economy may
reduce the demand for our products and services and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to us.
The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are
relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and
enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.
From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC administrative and
court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome
of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is
based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. As a
result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the
scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and
impede our ability to continue our operations.
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We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies, and any lack
of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining
to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement
involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in
violation of applicable laws and regulations.
We own their websites for automobile transaction and related services while we only have contractual control over our website for online lending
services. We do not directly own the website for online lending services due to the restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added
telecommunication services in China, including internet information provision services. This may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to sanctions,
compromise enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us.
The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in May 2011, the
State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the State Internet Information Office (with the involvement of the State Council Information
Office, the MIIT, and the MPS). The primary role of this new agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and
coordinate with the relevant departments in connection with online content administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the
internet industry.
Our online platform, operated by our consolidated variable interest entity, Sichuan Senmiao, may be deemed to be providing commercial internet
information services, which would require Sichuan Senmiao to obtain an ICP certificate. An ICP certificate is a value-added telecommunications business
operating license required for provision of commercial internet information services. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations Related to Value-Added
Telecommunication Business Certificates and Foreign Investment Restrictions.” Sichuan Senmiao, our PRC consolidated variable interest entity, has obtained
an ICP certificate as an internet information provider. Furthermore, as we are providing mobile applications to mobile device users, it is uncertain if Sichuan
Senmiao will be required to obtain a separate operating license in addition to the ICP certificate. Although we believe that not obtaining such separate license
is in line with the current market practice, there can be no assurance that we will not be required to apply for an operating license for our mobile applications
in the future.
The Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Foreign Investment in and Operation of Value-added Telecommunications Business, issued by the
MIIT in July 2006, prohibits domestic telecommunication service providers from leasing, transferring or selling telecommunications business operating
licenses to any foreign investor in any form, or providing any resources, sites or facilities to any foreign investor for their illegal operation of a
telecommunications business in China. According to this circular, either the holder of a value-added telecommunication services operation permit or its
shareholders must directly own the domain names and trademarks used by such license holders in their provision of value-added telecommunication services.
The circular also requires each license holder to have the necessary facilities, including servers, for its approved business operations and to maintain such
facilities in the regions covered by its license. Sichuan Senmiao owns the relevant domain names in connection with our value-added telecommunications
business and has the necessary personnel to operate our website. However, if operating telecommunications business without operating licenses, the relevant
governmental authority will order to rectify, confiscate illegal gains and impose a fine equal to three to five times of the illegal gains. If no illegal gains or the
illegal gain is less than RMB 50,000, a fine amounting to RMB 100,000 to RMB 1,000,000 will be imposed. In case of gross violation, the business shall be
suspended and rectification will be carried out.
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The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the internet
industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet
businesses in China, including our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in
China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the proper
approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the
operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to
discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a
material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Any failure by us or our third-party service providers to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations could damage our reputation.
In cooperation with our partnering custody banks and payment companies, we have adopted various policies and procedures, such as internal controls
and “know-your-customer” procedures, for anti-money laundering purposes. In addition, we rely on our financing partners, custody banks and payment
companies, to have their own appropriate anti-money laundering policies and procedures. The financing partners, custody banks and payment companies are
subject to anti-money laundering obligations under applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations and are regulated in that respect by the PBOC. If
any of our financing partners, custody banks and payment companies fail to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations, our
reputation could suffer and we could become subject to regulatory intervention, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations. Any negative perception of the industry, such as that arises from any failure of other finance marketplaces to detect or
prevent money laundering activities, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could compromise our image or undermine the trust and
credibility we have established.
The Guidelines jointly released by ten PRC regulatory agencies in July 2015 purport, among other things, to require internet finance service providers,
including online peer-to-peer lending platforms, to comply with certain anti-money laundering requirements, including the establishment of a customer
identification program, the monitoring and reporting of suspicious transactions, the preservation of customer information and transaction records, and the
provision of assistance to the public security department and judicial authority in investigations and proceedings in relation to anti-money laundering matters.
The PBOC will formulate implementing rules to further specify the anti-money laundering obligations of internet finance service providers. We cannot assure
you that the anti-money laundering policies and procedures we have adopted will be effective in protecting our platform from being exploited for money
laundering purposes or will be deemed to be in compliance with applicable anti-money laundering implementing rules if and when adopted.
We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any
limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company, and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries for our cash and financing
requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our stockholders and service any debt we may incur. If our PRC
subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other
distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require Senmiao Consulting to adjust its taxable income under the contractual arrangements it
currently has in place with Sichuan Senmiao in a manner that would materially and adversely affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us.
See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Contractual arrangements in relation to Sichuan Senmiao may be subject to scrutiny by the
PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or Sichuan Senmiao owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the
value of your investment.”
Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries, as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, may pay dividends only out of their respective
accumulated after-tax profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is
required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of
such funds reaches 50% of its registered capital. At its discretion, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on
PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
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Our PRC subsidiaries are currently unable to pay us any dividend given their financial condition. If our PRC subsidiaries’ financial condition improves,
the above discussed PRC laws will likely limit their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Such limitations could materially and adversely
impact our cash flows and limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise
fund and conduct our business. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for
PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.”
PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may
delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of from our public offerings to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our PRC
subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Under PRC laws and regulations, we are permitted to utilize the proceeds from our public offerings to fund our PRC subsidiaries by making loans to or
additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, subject to applicable government registration and approval requirements.
Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC laws, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign
exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered
with the local counterpart of SAFE. The statutory limit for the total amount of foreign debts of a foreign-invested company is the difference between the
amount of total investment as approved by the MOFCOM or its local counterpart and the amount of registered capital of such foreign-invested company.
We have financed and expect to continue to finance our PRC subsidiaries by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be
approved by the MOFCOM or its local counterpart. In addition, SAFE issued a circular in September 2008, SAFE Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a
foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular 142 provides
that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business
scope approved by the applicable government authority and unless otherwise provided by law, may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. On
July 4, 2014, the SAFE issued the Circular of the SAFE on Relevant Issues Concerning the Pilot Reform in Certain Areas of the Administrative Method of the
Conversion of Foreign Exchange Funds by Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 36, which launched a pilot reform of the administration of the
settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of foreign-invested enterprises in certain designated areas from August 4, 2014 and some of the restrictions under
SAFE Circular 142 will not apply to the settlement of the foreign exchange capitals of the foreign-invested enterprises established within the designate areas
and such enterprises are allowed to use its RMB capital converted from foreign exchange capitals to make equity investment. On March 30, 2015, SAFE
promulgated Circular 19, to expand the reform nationwide. Circular 19 came into force and replaced both Circular 142 and Circular 36 on June 1, 2015.
Circular 19 allows foreign-invested enterprises to make equity investments by using RMB fund converted from foreign exchange capital. However, Circular
19 continues to prohibit foreign-invested enterprises from, among other things, using RMB fund converted from its foreign exchange capitals for expenditure
beyond its business scope, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the
flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested company. The use of such RMB capital may not be
altered without SAFE's approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used.
Violations of these Circulars could result in severe monetary or other penalties. These circulars may significantly limit our ability to use RMB converted from
the net proceeds of our public offerings to fund the establishment of new entities in China by our PRC subsidiaries, to invest in or acquire any other PRC
companies through our PRC subsidiaries, or to establish new variable interest entities in the PRC.
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In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we
cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if
at all, with respect to future capital contributions or future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such
approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from our public offerings and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be
negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
Substantially all of our revenues and expenditures are denominated in RMB, whereas our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. As a result, fluctuations in
the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and RMB will affect the relative purchasing power in RMB terms of our U.S. dollar assets and the proceeds from
our public offerings. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency for our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities
is RMB. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are receivable or payable in RMB are included in our consolidated statements
of operations. The remeasurement has caused the U.S. dollar value of our results of operations to vary with exchange rate fluctuations, and the U.S. dollar
value of our results of operations will continue to vary with exchange rate fluctuations. A fluctuation in the value of RMB relative to the U.S. dollar could
reduce our profits from operations and the translated value of our net assets when reported in U.S. dollars in our financial statements. This could have a
negative impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. dollars. If we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for
the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would
have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the periods in which the earnings are
generated may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China's political and economic
conditions and China's foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to
the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. However, the People's Bank of China, or the
PBOC, regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to limit fluctuations in RMB exchange rates and achieve policy goals. During the period between
July 2008 and June 2010, the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar had been stable and traded within a narrow range. However, the RMB
fluctuated significantly during that period against other freely traded currencies, in tandem with the U.S. dollar. Since June 2010, the RMB has started to
slowly appreciate against the U.S. dollar, though there have been periods when the U.S. dollar has appreciated against the RMB. On August 11, 2015, the
PBOC allowed the RMB to depreciate by approximately 2% against the U.S. dollar. It is difficult to predict how long such depreciation of RMB against the
U.S. dollar may last and when and how the relationship between the RMB and the U.S. dollar may change again.
There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a flexible currency policy. Any significant appreciation or depreciation
of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our securities
in U.S. dollars. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our public offerings into RMB to pay our operating expenses,
appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a
significant depreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely
affect the price of our securities.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging
transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the
availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency
exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currency. As a result,
fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
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Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our net revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of
China. We receive substantially all of our net revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, we rely on dividend payments from our PRC
subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items,
such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE
by complying with certain procedural requirements. Therefore, our PRC subsidiaries are able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior
approval from SAFE, subject to the condition that the remittance of such dividends outside of the PRC complies with certain procedures under PRC foreign
exchange regulation, such as the overseas investment registrations by the beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents. But approval from or
registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital
expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to
foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy
our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our stockholders.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social
insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries,
including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we
operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the
different levels of economic development in different locations. We have not made adequate employee benefit payments. We may be required to make up the
contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. If we are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our
financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign investors, which
could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
The M&A Rules discussed in the preceding risk factor and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional
procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex, including
requirements in some instances that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a
PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the MOFCOM shall be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if
certain thresholds are triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers
and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may
acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the MOC, and the rules prohibit any
activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we
may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules
to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the MOFCOM or its local
counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
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PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to increase their registered capital or
distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.
SAFE promulgated the SAFE Circular 37 in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with
their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities
must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information
(including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares,
or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is issued to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents
Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further
Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015.
This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in
connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.
If our stockholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration as required, our PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from
distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute
additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws
for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.
To our knowledge, all of our PRC stockholders are subject to the registration requirements of Circular 37 have completed the required foreign exchange
registrations.
In addition, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we
compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our stockholders or beneficial
owners who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by,
SAFE regulations. Failure by such stockholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange
registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC
subsidiaries' ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.
If the chops of our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for
unauthorized purposes, the corporate governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised.
In China, a company chop or seal serves as the legal representation of the company towards third parties even when unaccompanied by a signature. Each
legally registered company in China is required to maintain a company chop, which must be registered with the local Public Security Bureau. In addition to
this mandatory company chop, companies may have several other chops which can be used for specific purposes. The chops of our PRC subsidiaries and
consolidated variable interest entities are generally held securely by personnel designated or approved by us in accordance with our internal control
procedures. To the extent those chops are not kept safely, are stolen or are used by unauthorized persons or for unauthorized purposes, the corporate
governance of these entities could be severely and adversely compromised and those corporate entities may be bound to abide by the terms of any documents
so chopped, even if they were chopped by an individual who lacked the requisite power and authority to do so. In addition, if the chops are misused by
unauthorized persons, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve
significant time and resources to resolve while distracting management from our operations.
Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock incentive plans may subject the PRC plan
participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in
Stock Incentive Plans of Overseas Publicly-Listed Companies, replacing earlier rules promulgated in March 2007. Pursuant to these rules, PRC citizens and
non-PRC citizens who reside in China for a continuous period of not less than one year who participate in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly
listed company, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiaries of
such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. In addition, an overseas entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in
connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who
are PRC citizens or who have resided in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who are granted options or other awards under our 2018
Equity Incentive Plan will be subject to these regulations. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may
also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries' ability to distribute dividends to us. We also
face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC
law. See “Business — Regulations — SAFE Regulations Relating to Employee Stock Incentive Plans.”
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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and
our non-PRC stockholders.
Under the EIT Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is
considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the
term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, productions, personnel,
accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain
specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China.
Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or
foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation's general position on how the “de facto management
body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise
controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China
and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day
operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise's financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by
organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise's primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder
resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “Business — Regulations — Regulations
Related to Tax.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect
to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” As substantially all of our management members are based in China, it remains unclear how the
tax residency rule will apply to our case. If the PRC tax authorities determine that the Company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident
enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, then the Company or such subsidiary could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on its world-wide
income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Furthermore, if
the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, gains realized on the sale or other disposition of
our securities may be subject to PRC tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject
to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC stockholders of our company
would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident
enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our securities.
Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the
future.
The PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of certain taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests
in a PRC resident enterprise, by a non-resident enterprise by promulgating and implementing SAT Circular 59 and Circular 698, which became effective in
January 2008, and a Circular 7 in replacement of some of the existing rules in Circular 698, which became effective in February 2015.
Under Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the equity interests of a PRC “resident enterprise”
indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, may be subject to PRC
enterprise income tax, if the indirect transfer is considered to be an abusive use of company structure without reasonable commercial purposes. As a result,
gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of up to 10%. Circular 698 also provides that, where a non-PRC resident
enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise to its related parties at a price lower than the fair market value, the relevant tax authority
has the power to make a reasonable adjustment to the taxable income of the transaction.
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In February 2015, the SAT issued Circular 7 to replace the rules relating to indirect transfers in Circular 698. Circular 7 has introduced a new tax regime
that is significantly different from that under Circular 698. Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers set forth under Circular 698 but
also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, Circular 7
provides clearer criteria than Circular 698 on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings
and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. Circular 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other
person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the
taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee,
or the PRC entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form”
principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established
for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax,
and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the
transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.
We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences on future private equity financing transactions, share exchange or other transactions involving
the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises
with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and
non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed, under Circular 59 or Circular 698 and
Circular 7, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 or to establish that we and our non-
resident enterprises should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under SAT Circular 59, Circular 698 and Circular 7 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based
on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. Although we currently have no plans to pursue any
acquisitions in China or elsewhere in the world, we may pursue acquisitions in the future that may involve complex corporate structures. If we are considered
a non-resident enterprise under the EIT Law and if the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under SAT Circular 59
or Circular 698 and Circular 7, our income tax costs associated with such potential acquisitions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Securities
The market price for our common stock may be volatile.
The trading prices of our common stock are likely volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of
broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of
internet or other companies based in China that have listed their securities in the United States in recent years. The securities of some of these companies have
experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial decline in their trading prices. The trading
performances of other Chinese companies' securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United
States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any
negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or other matters of other Chinese
companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted
any inappropriate activities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to
our operating performance, which may have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
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In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our common stock may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, including the
following:
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regulatory developments affecting us, our customers, or our industry;
regulatory uncertainties with regard to our variable interest entity arrangements;
announcements of studies and reports relating to our loan products and service offerings or those of our competitors;
changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other online finance marketplaces;
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations and changes or revisions of our expected results;
changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;
conditions in the internet and marketplace lending industries;
announcements by us or our competitors of new product and service offerings, acquisitions, strategic relationships, joint ventures or capital
commitments;
additions to or departures of our senior management;
detrimental negative publicity about us, our management or our industry;
fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar;
release or expiry of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding shares of common stock; and
sales or perceived potential sales of additional shares of common stock.
A significant portion of our total outstanding shares are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future, which could
cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is performing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time, subject to certain restrictions described below.
These sales, or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our common stock.
As of June 28, 2019, we had outstanding 27,726,615 shares of common stock, 5,226,615 of which may be resold in the public market immediately without
restriction, other than shares owned by our affiliates, which may be sold pursuant to Rule 144. However, the resale of an aggregate of 22,500,000 shares are
restricted until March 20, 2020, except for permitted transfers, as a result of lock-up agreements executed in conjunction with our IPO. We may register all
shares of common stock that we may issue under our equity compensation plans on a Registration Statement on Form S-8. These shares can be freely sold in
the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates.
We have a significant number of outstanding warrants, some of which contain full-ratchet anti-dilution protection and reset provisions, which may cause
significant dilution to our stockholders, have a material adverse impact on the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to raise
funds through future equity offerings.
As more fully described in the section herein titled “Recent Developments—June 2019 Registered Direct Offering,” pursuant to the June 2019 Offering
and the Purchase Agreement, we issued to the Investors Series A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,336,021 shares of common stock and Series B
Warrants to purchase a maximum aggregate of 1,116,320 shares of common stock.
Among other provisions, the Series A Warrants provide the Investors with full ratchet anti-dilution protection in the event that we issue any equity or
equity-linked securities at a price lower than the exercise price of the Series A Warrants (subject to certain exceptions) and on the six month anniversary of the
initial exercise date of the Series A Warrants, if the New Exercise Price is less than the Series A Exercise Price, then the Series A Exercise Price shall have
one-time price adjustment equal to the New Exercise Price; provided, however, in no event, shall the New Exercise Price be less than $1.50 per share.
The Series B Warrants initially won’t be exercisable for any shares of common stock. In the event that on the Adjustment Measuring Time, the closing
price of the common stock is less than the Share Purchase Price, then the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B Warrants
shall be adjusted (upward or downward, as applicable) to the greater of (i) zero (0) and (ii) such aggregate number of shares of common stock equal to 50% of
the difference of (A) the quotient of (x) the Share Purchase Price divided by (y) the Market Price (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) as of the Adjustment
Measuring Time, less (B) the aggregate number of Shares issued to the Investors at the closing (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, share
combinations, recapitalizations and similar events).
The issuance of shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants would dilute the percentage ownership
interest of all stockholders, might dilute the book value per share of our common stock and would increase the number of our publicly traded shares, which
could depress the market price of our common stock.
In addition, the so-called full-ratchet anti-dilution protections and reset provisions, subject to limited exceptions, would reduce the exercise price of the
warrants in the event that we in the future issue common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable to purchase common stock, at a lower price per
share.
In addition to the dilutive effects described above, the perceived risk of dilution as a result of the significant number of outstanding warrants may cause
our common stockholders to be more inclined to sell their shares, which would contribute to a downward movement in the price of our common stock.
Moreover, the perceived risk of dilution and the resulting downward pressure on our common stock price could encourage investors to engage in short sales of
our common stock, which could further contribute to price declines in our common stock. The fact that our stockholders, warrant holders and option holders
can sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, as well as the existence of full-
ratchet anti-dilution provisions and reset provisions in a substantial number of our outstanding warrants could make it more difficult for us to raise additional
funds through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate, or at all.
We have broad discretion in the use of our cash, including the net proceeds from our IPO and our June 2019 Offering, and might not use them
effectively.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of our cash, including the net proceeds from our IPO and our June 2019 Offering, and
could spend our cash in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. The failure by our management to
apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, cause the price of our common stock to
decline and delay the development of our product candidates. Pending their use, we may invest our cash, including the net proceeds from our IPO and June
2019 Offering, in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.
Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies.
We may seek additional capital through a combination of public and private equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and licensing arrangements.
To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted and the terms may include
liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a stockholder. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment
obligations and could involve restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire or license
intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. If we raise additional funds through
strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies or grant
licenses on terms unfavorable to us.
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Certain judgments obtained against us by our stockholders may not be enforceable.
We conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, most of our directors and
executive officers reside within China, and most of the assets of these persons are located within China. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to
effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals, or to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the
event that you believe your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of
this kind, the laws of the PRC may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.
Our articles of incorporation and by-laws could deter a change of our management, which could discourage or delay offers to acquire us.
Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation (the “Articles of Incorporation”) and by-laws could discourage or make it more difficult to accomplish
a proxy contest or other change in our management or the acquisition of control by a holder of a substantial amount of our voting stock. It is possible that
these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish, or could deter transactions that stockholders may otherwise consider to be in their best interests or
in our best interests. These provisions include:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
requiring stockholders who wish to request a special meeting of the stockholders to disclose certain specified information in such request and to
deliver such request in a specific way within a certain timeframe, which may inhibit or deter stockholders from requesting special meetings of the
stockholders;
requiring that stockholders who wish to act by written consent request a record date from us for such action and such request must include
disclosure of certain specified information, which may inhibit or deter stockholders from acting by written consent;
establishing the board as the sole entity to fill vacancies of the board, which lengthens the time needed to elect a new majority of the board;
establishing a two-thirds majority vote of the stockholders to remove a director from the board, as opposed to a simple majority, which lengthens
the time needed to elect a new majority of the board; and
establishing that any person who acquires equity in us shall be deemed to have notice and consented to the forum selection provision of our Bylaws
requiring actions to be brought only in Nevada, which may inhibit or deter stockholders actions (i) on behalf of us; (ii) asserting claims of breach of
fiduciary duty by officers or directors of us; or (iii) arising out of the Nevada Revised Statutes, and establishing more detailed disclosure in any
stockholder's advance notice to nominate a new member of the board, including specified information regarding such nominee, which may inhibit
or deter such nomination and lengthen the time needed to elect a new majority of the board.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements
applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor
attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to
comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until
such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. However, we have elected not to “opt out” of
this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for private companies. This
decision to take advantage of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.
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We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a smaller reporting public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial
time to new compliance initiatives.
As a smaller reporting public company, and particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company, we will incur significant legal, accounting
and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and
Nasdaq have imposed various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and
corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives.
Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time consuming and costly.
For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance,
which in turn could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors.
For as long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are
applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies as described in the preceding risk factor. We might remain an emerging growth
company until March 31, 2023, although if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before
that time or if we have annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more in any fiscal year, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of
December 31 of the applicable year. We also would cease to be an emerging growth company if we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a
three-year period.
Pursuant to Section 404, we will be required to furnish a report by our management on our internal control over financial reporting, including an
attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. However, while we remain an
emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent
registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and
evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal
resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial
reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a
continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that neither we nor our
independent registered public accounting firm will be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe that our internal control over financial reporting is
effective as required by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our
financial statements.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our
common stock and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our
business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common
stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our common stock would likely decline. If one or more of these
analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause
the market price or trading volume for our common stock to decline.
Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of our common stock for return on your
investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a
result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our common stock as a source
for any future dividend income.
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Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain restrictions under Nevada law. Even if our board of directors
decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of
operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiary, our financial condition,
contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our common stock will
likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our common stock.
The exercise of outstanding warrants to acquire shares of our common stock would cause additional dilution, which could cause the price of our common
stock to decline.
In the past, we have issued options and warrants to acquire shares of our common stock. As of the date of this Report, there were 1,374,561 shares of
common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $3.75 per share, and we may issue additional options,
warrants and other types of equity in the future as part of stock-based compensation, capital raising transactions or other strategic transactions. To the extent
these options and warrants are ultimately exercised, existing holders of our common stock would experience dilution which may cause the price of our
common stock to decline.
The Company may need additional financing while the Warrants from the June 2019 Offering are still outstanding and certain of the terms of the
Offering could severely limit the types of financings the Company can enter into.
Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement we are prohibited from, among other things, (i) entering into any variable rate transactions so long as any of
the Warrants are still outstanding, (ii) directly or indirectly offering or issuing any securities, or entering into any agreement to offer or issue any securities,
other than customary exception, for a period of ninety (90) days after the closing of the June 2019 Offering. Such restrictions are severe limitation on the types
of financings we can seek should we need it in the near future. In the event we will require such a financing, we may be required to obtain the consent of the
Investors, whom may withhold such consent at their reasonable discretion. Our inability, under the terms of the June 2019 Offering, to raise additional funds,
could have a material adverse effect on our operations should we need such additional funds. Further, even if the Investors did provide us with their consent to
obtain such additional financing, the terms of the financing may be under terms that are less advantageous due to the restrictions and protections provided
under the terms of the June 2019 Offering.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Properties
We currently maintain our principal executive offices at 16F, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Blvd., High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s
Republic of China 610000, comprising an aggregate of 964 square meters in Chengdu, China under lease agreements that expire in March 2021. We also
operate our online marketplace lending business in this office. The cost for these offices is $9,263 per-month in aggregate.
We maintain two offices for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services. One major office is located in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province,
comprising an aggregate of 1,803 square meters. We lease this office for a total monthly rent of approximately $11,035 under two lease agreements that expire
in December 2019 and September 2021. We are searching for new office space in Changsha. The other one is located in Deyang City, Sichuan Province,
comprising an aggregate of 287 square meters. We lease this office for a total monthly rent of approximately $832 under a lease expiring in January 2020. We
also maintained an office for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services in Changsha City, Hunan Province, comprising an aggregate of 625 square
meters. We terminated the lease for this office on July 1, 2019 and are searching for new office for our operations in Changsha City.
We also lease lots to park automobiles in Chengdu City and Changsha City. The monthly rent for these parking lots is approximately $1,750 in the
aggregate. We also lease space for our sale store at a monthly rent of $454.
We consider our current facilities adequate for our current operations.
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Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings. We may from time to time be subject to legal or administrative claims
and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Litigation or any other legal or administrative proceeding, regardless of the outcome, is likely to
result in substantial cost and diversion of our resources, including our management’s time and attention. Please see the section herein titled “Business — Risk
Factors.”
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “AIHS.” On June 28, 2019, our common stock had a closing price of $2.79.
PART II
Holders
Based upon information furnished by our transfer agent, as of June 28, 2019, the Company had approximately 15 stockholders of record. Because some
of our common stock is held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders
represented by these record holders.
Dividend
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our shares. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the
foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and grow our business.
Our board of directors will have the discretion to declare and pay dividends in the future, subject to applicable PRC regulations and restrictions as we are
a holding company and we rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements,
including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our stockholders and service any debt we may incur. The Wholly-Foreign
Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended, and the Wholly-Foreign Owned Enterprise Law Implementing Rules (1990), as amended, and the Company Law
of the PRC (2006), as amended, contain the principal regulations governing dividend distributions by wholly foreign owned enterprises. Under these
regulations, wholly foreign owned enterprises may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting
standards and regulations. Additionally, such companies are required to set aside a certain amount of their accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund
certain reserve funds until such time as the accumulated reserve funds reach and remain above 50% of the registered capital amount. These reserves are not
distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation and cannot be used for working capital purposes. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and
affiliates in China incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If
we or our subsidiary and affiliates are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through the current contractual arrangements, we may be
unable to pay dividends on our common stock.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
In September 2018, our board of directors and in November 2018, our stockholders approved, the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, pursuant to which a
maximum of 2,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance to our employees, officers, directors, consultants. The plan permits the grant of
nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights, stock bonus awards, and
performance compensation awards. As of the date of this Report, an aggregate of 17,500 RSUs were issued under the plan.
The following table provides information as of March 31, 2019 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing
equity incentive plan:
2018 Equity Incentive Plan
Plan category
Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options, warrants
and rights
Weighted-average exercise
price of outstanding
options, warrants and
rights
Number of securities remaining
available for future issuance
under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in column (a))
—
—
1,982,500
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Purchases of Our Equity Securities
None.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Use of Proceeds
On March 15, 2018, the SEC declared effective our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-221225), as amended, filed in connection with the
IPO of our common stock. Pursuant to the Registration Statement, we registered the offer and sale of up to 3,000,000 shares of our common stock. On March
21, 2018, we issued and sold 3,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $4.00 per share for gross proceeds of $12,000,000. On March
28, 2018, the underwriter exercised their over-allotment option and purchased 379,400 shares of common stock at a price of $4.00 per share, generating gross
proceeds of $1,517,600.
As a result of the offering, we received net proceeds of approximately $11,052,972 in the aggregate, which consists of gross proceeds of $13,517,600
offset by underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $946,232 and other offering expenses of approximately $1,158,396.
No payments for such expenses were made directly or indirectly to (i) any of our officers or directors or their associates, (ii) any persons owning 10% or
more of any class of our equity securities or (iii) any of our affiliates. The offering has terminated.
As of the date of this Report, all the proceeds of our IPO (except $600,000 held in the indemnification escrow) have been used. The table below sets
forth the primary uses of such proceeds:
Use
Working capital
Development of automobile transaction and related services
Research and development of software and systems
New hires
Total
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
Not required for smaller reporting companies.
Amount
$3.4 million
$6 million
$0.5 million
$1 million
$10.9 million
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our consolidated financial
statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this Report. Our financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this Report reflect our organizational
transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods.
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Overview
We are a provider of automobile transaction and related services, connecting auto dealers, financial institutions, and consumers, who are mostly existing
and prospective Didi drivers. We also operate an online lending platform which facilitates loan transactions between Chinese investors and individual and
SME borrowers, although we have deemphasized this part of our business and focused more on our automobile lending business. Substantially all of our
operations are conducted in China.
Our Automobile Transactions and Related Services
Our Automobile Transaction and Related Services are mainly comprised of (i) facilitation of automobile transaction and financing where we connect the
prospective ride-hailing drivers to financial institutions to buy, or get financing on the purchase of, cars to be used to provide ride-hailing services; (ii)
automobile sales where we procure new cars from dealerships and sell them to our customers in the automobile financing facilitation business; and (iii)
automobile financing where we provide our customers with auto finance solutions through financing leases. We started our facilitation services in November
2018 and the sale of automobiles in January 2019.
As of March 31, 2019, we have facilitated financing for an aggregate of 311 automobiles with total value of approximately $4.1 million and have sold an
aggregate of 212 automobiles with total value of approximately $1.8 million. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, our auto financing and transaction
facilitation business and auto sales business accounted for 21.1% and 62.2% of our total revenue, respectively. Our automobile financing business did not
commence until the end of March 2019 and has seen a slow growth to date. As of March 31, 2019, we have delivered two automobiles under financing leases
to the ride-hailing drivers in Changsha.
Key Factors and Risks Affecting Results of Operations of Our Automobile Transactions and Related Services
Ability to Increase the Automobile Purchaser Base
Our revenue growth has been largely driven by the expansion of our automobile purchaser base and the corresponding increase in the amount of
automobile transactions facilitated through us. We acquire customers for our automobile transaction and financing services through the network of third-party
sales teams, referral from Didi and our own efforts including online advertising and billboard advertising. We also send out flyers and participate in trade
shows to advertise our services. We plan to strengthen our partnerships with existing sales teams by improving the quality and variety of our services. We will
also strengthen our marketing efforts through our own team by employing more experienced staff and setting up more marketing and service offices in
Chengdu. As of March 31, 2019, we had 82 employees in our own sales department and have cooperated with six third party sales teams with about 81
professionals.
Our Service Offerings and Pricing
The growth of our revenue depends on our ability to improve existing solutions and services provided, continue identifying evolving business needs,
refine our collaboration model with financial institutions and provide value-added services to our customers. The attraction of new automobile purchasers
depends in part in our collaboration with financial institutions to offer more attractive automobile financing solutions with competitive interest rates to our
automobile purchasers. Furthermore, our product designs affect the type of automobile purchasers we attract, which in turn affects our financial performance.
Our revenue growth also depends on our abilities to effectively price our services and the ability to obtain relatively lower expenditure paid to dealers,
insurance companies and other service providers, which enables us to attract more customers and improve our profit margin.
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Ability to Retain Existing Financial Institutions and Engage New Financial Institutions
During the period from our acquisition of Hunan Ruixi on November 22, 2018 to March 31, 2019, over 76% of the automobile purchasers had financed
their purchase of automobiles through financial institutions. As such, the growth of our business is dependent on our ability to retain existing financial
institutions and engage new financial institutions. We have established collaboration with six financial institutions and plan to expand our collaboration with
more financial institutions to access lower interest rates and provide more financing sources to our customers. If an automobile purchaser cannot get financing
from any financial institution, we will have to prepay the purchase price of automobiles and all service expenses, which may cause liquidity issue if an
increasing number of purchasers fail to get financing from the financial institutions. Our collaborations with financial institutions may be affected by factors
beyond our control, such as whether automobile financing is perceived as an attractive asset class, stability of financial institutions, general economic
conditions and the regulatory environment. Our ability to increase the number of our cooperative financial institutions will enhance the overall stability and
sufficiency of funding for automobile transactions.
Ability to Pay for the Expenditure in Advance
We prepay the purchase price of automobiles and all service expenses when we provide related services to the purchasers. Pursuant to the affiliation
agreement with the automobile purchaser, we collect the monthly installment payments (including principal and interest), our management and guarantee
services fees and our advance payment from the automobile purchaser. As of March 31, 2019, we had advanced payments of approximately $2.6 million for
the automobile purchasers, which will be collected through proceeds disbursed from financial institutions and installment payments on a monthly basis during
the relevant affiliation periods.
The advance payment may increase our liquidity risk. Jinkailong has borrowed money from financial institutions to fund the advance payment. After our
Hunan Ruixi acquisition, we used part of the IPO proceeds and plan to obtain equity and/or debt financing to pay for the expenditure related to the automobile
purchase. Our ability to pay for the expenditure in advance will enhance the stability of our daily operation and lower the liquidity risk, and attract more
customers.
Ability to Collect Payments and Deal with Defaults Effectively
We collect the monthly installment payments from automobile purchasers and repay financial institutions on behalf of the purchasers every month. We
are exposed to credit risk as we are required by certain financial institutions to provide guarantee on the lease/loan payments (including principal and interests)
of the automobile purchasers referred by us. If a default occurs, we are required to make the monthly payments of the defaulted purchasers to the financial
institution.
We manage the credit risk arising from the default of automobile purchasers by performing preliminary credit checks on each automobile purchaser
based on the credit reports from People’s Bank of China and third party credit rating companies, and personal information including residence, ethnicity
group, driving history and involvement in legal proceeding. Our post-transaction management department continuously monitors the payment by each
purchaser and send them payment reminders. We also keep close communication with our purchasers in particular the ride-hailing drivers so that we can
evaluate their financial conditions and provide them with assistance including the transfer of automobile to a new driver if they are no longer interested in
providing ride-hailing services or are unable to earn enough income to make monthly lease/loan payments.
In addition, the automobile is used as collateral to secure the purchaser’s payment obligations under the financing arrangement. In the event of a default,
we can track the automobile through an installed GPS system and repossess and hand the automobile over to the financial institutions so that we can be
released from our guarantee liability.
As of March 31, 2019, we have an outstanding balance of installment payments receivable in the aggregate of $148,649 from automobile purchasers. We
did not record any contingent liabilities as of March 31, 2019 as we commenced the Automobile Transaction and Related Services for about one year, there
was no sufficient historical information for us to make an estimate. Historically most of the defaulted automobile purchasers would pay us the default amounts
within one to three months. Therefore, as of March 31, 2019, we believe our credit risk is not material.
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However, the automobiles subject to our financing leases are not collateralized by us. As of March 31, 2019, the total value of non-collateralized
automobiles was $40,025. We believe our risk is not material as we just commenced our financing services in March 2019 and experienced no default.
Automobile purchasers may default on their lease/loan payments to financial institutions for a number of reasons outside of our control. If the
automobile purchaser defaults, we may have to suffer losses or our reputation may be harmed. Our ability to collect repayments may also affect our
relationships with financial institutions who may not finance the automobile transactions of our customers if the default rate of our automobile purchasers is
high.
Ability to Compete Effectively
Our business and results of operations depend on our ability to compete effectively. Overall, our competitive position may be affected by, among other
things, our service quality and our ability to price our solutions and services competitively. We will continue to invest in technologies to improve our service
quality and user experience. Our competitors may have more resources than we do, including financial, technological, marketing and others and may be able
to devote greater resources to the development and promotion of their services. We will need to continue to introduce new or enhance existing solutions and
services to continue to attract automobile dealers, financial institutions, car buyers and other industry participants. Whether and how quickly we can do so will
have a significant impact on the growth of our business.
Market Opportunity and Government Regulations in China
The demand for our services depends on overall market conditions of the ride-hailing industry in China. The continuous growth of the urban population
places increasing pressure on the urban transportation and the improvement of living standards has increased the market demand for quality travel in China.
Traditional taxi service is limited, and the merging online platforms have created good opportunities for the development of the online ride-hailing service
market. Based on the monitoring of China E-Commerce Research Center, the number of online ride-hailing service users had reached 287 million by the end
of 2017. According to Bein & Company, the transaction value of China's online ride-hailing market in 2017 was larger than the total of the rest of the world. It
estimated that by 2020, the total transaction value of China's online ride-hailing market will reach $72 billion. In the second half of 2018, in addition to the
leading online ride-hailing platforms such as Didi and China Auto Rental, another nine auto-makers, including FAW, Dongfeng, Changan, Volkswagen, Great
Wall, Ford, Mercedes-Benz, SAIC and BMW, announced their plan to launch online ride-hailing services.
The online ride-hailing industry, also may be affected by, among other factors, the general economic conditions in China, in particular in Sichuan and
Hunan where our operations are primarily located. The interest rates and unemployment rates may affect the demand of ride-hailing services and automobile
purchasers’ willingness to seek credit from financial institutions. Adverse economic conditions could also reduce the number of qualified automobile
purchasers and online ride-hailing drivers seeking credit from the financial institutions, as well as their ability to make payments. Should any of those negative
situations occur, the volume and the amount of the automobile transactions we provide services to will decline, and our revenue and financial condition will be
negatively impacted.
In order to manage the rapidly growing ride-hailing service market and control relevant risks, on July 28, 2016, seven ministries and commissions,
including the Ministry of Transport, jointly promulgated the “Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Taxi Booking Business Operations and
Services”, which legalizes online ride-hailing services such as Didi and requires the ride-hailing services to meet the requirements set out by the measures and
obtain taxi-booking service licenses.
On November 5, 2016, the Municipal Communications Commission of Chengdu City and a number of municipal departments jointly issued the
“Implementation Rules for the Administration of Taxi Management Services for Chengdu Network”. On August 10, 2017, the Transportation Commission of
Chengdu further issued the detailed guidance of “Working Process for the Online Appointment of Taxi Drivers Qualification Examination and Issuance” and
the “Online Appointment Taxi Transportation Certificate Issuance Process”. According to these regulations and guidelines, three licenses /certificates are
required for operating the online ride-hailing business: (1) the ride-hailing service platform such as Didi should obtain the online reservation taxi operating
license; (2) the automobiles used for online ride-hailing should obtain the online reservation taxi transport certificate (“automobile certificate”); (3) the drivers
should obtain the online reservation taxi driver's license (“driver’s license”).
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Our cooperation online platform, Didi, has the online reservation taxi operating license in Chengdu. However, about 10% of the cars used for online
ride-hailing services which we provided management services to do not have the automobile certificate and approximately 79% of our ride-hailing drivers
have not obtained the driver’s license. Without requisite automobile certificate or driver’s license, these drivers may be suspended from providing ride-hailing
services, confiscated their illegal income and subject to fines of up to 10 times of their illegal income. We are in the process of assisting the drivers to obtain
the required certificate and license. However, we could not guarantee that all of the drivers affiliated with us would be able to obtain all the certificate and
license as the decision are made by the licenses issuing authorities. Our business and results of operations will be materially affected if our affiliated drivers
are suspended from providing ride-hailing services or imposed substantial fines.
Our Online Lending Services
Through our platform, we offer access to credit for borrowers and attractive investment returns for investors. In September 2016, we acquired our online
lending platform which had been in operation for two years prior to the acquisition. Since the acquisition through March 31, 2019, we have facilitated loan
transactions in an aggregate amount of over RMB729 million (approximately US$109 million). As of March 31, 2019, we had an aggregate of 42,903
registered users and a total of 3,247 investors and 2,695 borrowers had participated in loan transactions through our platform. We currently conduct our
business operations exclusively in China, and all of our investors and borrowers are located in China.
Our online platform enables us to efficiently match borrowers with investors and execute loan transactions. We seek to address an unmet investor and
borrower demand in China. While presently our borrowers are mainly from referrals from customers and business partners, our investors come from a variety
of channels, including internet and our mobile applications, promotion and marketing events, as well as referrals from our business partners.
Our revenues from Online Lending Services are primarily generated from fees charged for our services in matching investors with borrowers. We charge
borrowers transaction fees for the work we perform through our platform and charge our investors service fees on their actual investment returns. The interest
rates of the loans facilitated through our platform range from 7.68% to 10.80% per annum. The interest rates, transaction fees, service fees and other charges
are all disclosed to the users of our platform.
Key Operating and Financial Metrics of Our Online Lending Platform
Our management regularly reviews a number of metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends, formulate financial
projections and make strategic decisions. The main metrics we consider and results for each quarter in the past two years are set forth in the table below. For
purposes of the below discussion, “standard loans” refer to the loans facilitated through our platform between the borrowers and investors and “assigned
loans” refer to the loans assigned by our Creditor Partners.
March 31,
2019
December
31, 2018
September
30, 2018
June 30,
2018
March 31,
2018
December
31, 2017
September
30, 2017
June 30,
2017
For the Three Months Ended
$
Loan Amount (Standard Loan) $ 6,194,265
Loan Amount (Assignment of
Loan)
Number of Investors
Number of Borrowers
Average Investment Amount
Average Borrowing Amount
Transaction Fees from
borrowers
Transaction Fees from Creditor
Partners
Service Fees from Investors
-
161
50
38,474
123,885
70,511
11,790
$
$
$
$
$
$ 6,108,126
$ 3,914,800
$ 6,489,923
$ 19,943,097
$ 10,776,692
$ 12,142,615
$ 5,834,087
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
156
47
39,154
129,960
80,564
-
10,557
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
156
36
25,095
108,744
65,021
-
6,487
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
180
65
36,055
99,845
115,864
-
9,162
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
245
364
81,400
54,789
14,118
1,793
143,487
$ 14,840,155
271
2,043
94,527
12,539
$
$
$ 13,025,964
329
289
76,500
87,088
$
$
$ 3,100,300
381
160
23,450
55,841
$
$
$
$
$
72,420
68,594
11,524
$
$
$
56,246
50,330
10,592
$
$
$
42,889
16,663
6,240
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Loan Amount
The amount of standard loans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was the highest among the presented quarters, mainly attributable to our efforts
in cooperation with Creditor Partners to attract more borrowers to have a large transaction volume in the quarter. The loans amount for assigned loans
increased in the three months ended September 30, 2017 as we started to facilitate assignment of loans from Creditor Partners in the quarter ended June 30,
2017. However, we discontinued the offering of assigned loan products on our platform since January 2018 to facilitate our record-filing in accordance with
the Interim Measures.
The standard loans for the three months ended June 30, 2018 decreased significantly from the three months ended March 31, 2018, primarily due to the
decrease in the number of borrowers as we ceased our cooperation with Creditor Partners in March 2018 who previously referred borrowers to us and
provided guarantee on their loans. Decrease in the volume of standard loans continued during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to
the decrease of number of borrowers as we focused more on the compliance with new marketplace lending rules. However, the loan volume increased in the
three months ended December 31, 2018 due to the increasing financing demand of SME borrowers to meet their cash requirements at the end of the year. The
loan amount slightly increased in the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was caused by the continuous and stable financing demand from SME
borrowers.
Number of Investors and Borrowers
The number of borrowers during the three months ended December 31, 2017 was significantly higher than other quarters, mainly due to a trial launch of
small consumer loans to individual borrowers in October 2017, which attracted a large volume of individual borrowers. However, we suspended offering these
loans after the trial due to the issues connected to the systems of our partners who referred these borrowers to us.
Moreover, we discontinued the offering of assigned loan products on our platform in January 2018. We also continued to witness a decrease in number
of borrowers as a result of the discontinuation of our cooperation with Creditor Partners during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018
and the shift of our focus from business expansion to compliance with new marketplace lending rules. As we reduced our marketing efforts for new investor
acquisition during the second half of fiscal year 2019, the number of investors remained the same in the three months ended December 31, 2018 as the prior
quarter. However, due to the continuous demand of financing from the borrowers and the stable returns from our platform, the number of investors slightly
increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Average Investment and Borrowing Amounts
We experienced significant and continuing increases in the average investment amount during the three months ended December 31, 2017, primarily due
to the completion of our custody arrangement with Huaxing Bank and adjustment of loan product offerings in the three months ended September 30, 2017.
However, the average investment amounts kept decreasing during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018, primarily caused by
decreases in the investment amount and the risk diversification strategy adopted by the investors as the industry of online marketplace lending witnessed some
serious default during these periods. The average investment amount slightly increased during the three months ended December 31, 2018, which was caused
by the increase in financing demand from SME borrowers. The average investment amount slightly decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2019
mainly due to the slight increase in the number of investors.
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The decrease in average borrowing amount for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to increase in the percentage of individual
borrowers who borrowed lower principals from the platform than SMEs did. Caused by increased proportion of SMEs borrowers, whose average loan amount
was higher than individual loans, the average borrowing amounts for the three months ended June 30, 2018, September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2018
continued to increase as compared with the previous quarters. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the average borrowing amount slightly
decreased due to weaker financing demand from SME borrowers during the Chinese New Year as compared to last quarter.
In terms of loan amount and the number of loans facilitated on our platform, there has not been any significant concentration on any borrower, investor
or any group of borrowers or investors. Therefore, we do not believe that our business operation or financial position is heavily reliant upon any borrower or
investor.
Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations of Our Online Lending Services
In order to ensure the steady development of internet finance, especially to control the risk of online marketplace lending and in response to ongoing
platform failures since the second quarter of 2018, the Checklist also requires the loan volume of each online lending information intermediary during the
inspection period shall not have significant increase compared to its transaction volume in June 2017.
As a result of the recent regulatory development, in the nine months ended March 31, 2019, we focused on business compliance review and rectification
in order to complete our inspection and record-filing as a P2P lending information intermediary. As such, we did not actively expand our online P2P lending
business and endeavored to maintain the existing customer base. However, the increase in financing demand from SME borrowers at the end of 2019had
driven a continuous increase in loan transactions in the six months ended March 31, 2019.
We have adopted sales and marketing strategies aiming to enhancing our brand image in the online marketplace lending industry and the financing
industry as a whole. Our sales and marketing efforts used to include event promotions, online marketing, user meetings and sales support. As the Checklist has
set limitation on our transaction volume during the inspection period, our users acquisition efforts have been limited to advertising on our Websites and
WeChat official account and issuance at press releases.
Set forth below are key metrics for each quarter during the past two fiscal years reflecting our efforts in retaining current investors and attracting new
investors:
Reinvestment of existing
investors
Reinvestment rate of existing
investors
Number of new investors
Total number of investors
Average loan amount of each
investor
Average number of total loans
held by each investor
March 31,
2019
December
31, 2018
September 30,
2018
June 30,
2018
March 31,
2018
December
31, 2017
September 30,
2017
June 30,
2017
123
117
106
85
233
225
252
73
76.40%
6
161
75.00%
4
156
67.95%
23
156
47.22%
95
180
95.10%
12
245
87.51%
17
271
63.83%
77
329
57.21%
308
381
$
38,474
$
39,154
$
25,095
$
36,055
$
81,400
$
94,527
$
76,500
$
23,450
5.42
4.62
3.68
4.94
10.00
17.24
8.31
6.00
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The table below shows key metrics pertaining to borrowers on our platform.
March
31, 2019
December
31, 2018
September 30,
2018
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
June 30,
2018
2018
December
31, 2017
September
30, 2017
June 30,
2017
Re-Borrowing rate
of existing
borrowers
Number of new
borrowers
Total number of
borrowers
Average loan
amount of each
borrower
Total amount of
loans
Individuals
SMEs
Assigned loans
Individuals
SMEs
Assigned loans
Individuals
SMEs
Assigned loans
-
12%
-
-
1
-
8
42
-
22%
11%
-
4
6
-
9
38
-
-
7%
-
6
6
-
6
30
-
15%
10%
-
25
9
-
26
39
-
45%
43%
7%
209
72
-
256
108
-
5%
28%
30%
1,775
2
196
1,775
66
202
-
50%
52%
1
10
218
1
41
247
25%
19%
-
3
34
114
4
42
114
Individuals
SMEs
Assigned loans
Individuals
SMEs
Assigned loans
$
$
$
$
$
$
23,153
143,072
-
185,226
6,009,039
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
25,358
154,734
-
228,219
5,879,908
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
11,862
128,121
-
71,169
3,843,631
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
15,294
156,212
-
397,635
6,092,288
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
25,254
124,156
-
6,534,271
13,408,826
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
534
148,930
73,466
947,315
9,829,377
14,840,155
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,417
296,127
52,737
1,417
12,141,198
13,025,964
$
$
$
$
$
$
19,311
137,068
27,196
77,244
5,756,843
3,100,300
As a result of the cessation of our relationship with our Credit Partners in March 2018, there was a significant decline in revenue from individual
borrowers for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the revenue from both
individual and SME borrowers increased due to the increase in the loan volume while the rates of transaction fees and management fees remained stable. In
the three months ended March 31, 2019, revenue from SME borrowers decreased, due to the increase in the proportion of loans with higher transaction fees
and the loans amount during the Chinese New Year as compared with prior quarters. Fees from SME loans will continue to constitute the major source of our
revenue in 2019 before we effectively increase the number of individual borrowers.
From time to time, our management and stockholders have invested in loans through our platform using their personal funds and may continue to do so
in the future. The table below summarizes key metrics pertaining to loans invested in by our management and stockholders.
Quarter ended
June 30, 2017
September 30, 2017
December 31, 2017
March 31, 2018
June 30, 2018
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2018
March 31, 2019
Number of
Investments
Total
Amount of
Investments
Average
Amount of
Investment
34
140
226
130
27
38
4
13
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
263,482
1,045,949
804,986
966,718
105,970
10,050
5,092
13,365
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
7,749
7,471
3,562
7,436
3,925
265
1,273
1,028
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Prior to February 2018, each loan facilitated or assigned on our platform was guaranteed by unaffiliated third parties who were jointly and severally
liable for the loan and/or secured by collateral provided by borrowers. None of the loans facilitated through our platform is guaranteed by any affiliate of our
Company. To our knowledge, the unaffiliated third-party guarantors have not been compensated for providing the guaranty to our borrowers. In the case of
borrowers referred by our Creditor Partners, they would provide the guaranty so that the borrowers could complete the transactions with them. In the case of
direct borrowers, the guarantors were affiliates of the borrowers and had the incentive to facilitate the transactions for the benefits of the borrowers without
being paid. Due to the local guidelines on the rectification and acceptance of internet lending information intermediaries by Sichuan Province, we ceased
cooperation with our Creditor Partners and began to focus on loan transactions solely between borrowers and investors. Currently, all the loans facilitated on
our platform are unsecured.
Our management reviews key metrics relating to acquisitions of investors and borrowers and adjust our investor and borrower acquisition strategies
accordingly. The average acquisition costs per person for each quarter in the past two fiscal years are set forth in the table below.
Quarter Ended
June 30, 2017
September 30, 2017
December 31, 2017
March 31, 2018
June 30, 2018
September 30, 2018
December 31, 2018
March 31, 2019
Average Customer
Acquisition Cost Per
Person
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
3.79
23.17
17.76
37.12
12.88
19.12
2.01
2.00
The average customer acquisition cost for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was significantly lower than other quarters in the year ended March 31,
2018, which was primarily due to (i) the implementation of our cost efficient user acquisition strategy through cooperation with Resgreen Health Science &
Technology Group Co., Ltd., a direct selling company based in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, with over a million users and (ii) a decrease in offline
marketing expenses as a result of the Interim Measures, which prohibits online peer-to-peer lending platforms from engaging in offline marketing. The
average customer acquisition cost for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017 was higher than prior quarters, as we increased our
marketing efforts to further expand our borrower and investor base. Because our marketing efforts primarily targeted on maintenance of existing customers
during Chinese New Year, we did not attract as many new customers as the prior quarters, thus the average customer acquisition cost for the three months
ended March 31, 2018 was the highest among all the quarters.
In light of various laws, regulations and rules to regulate the marketplace lending industry in China promulgated by multiple PRC governmental
authorities, in particular the requirement not to increase the transaction volume of our platform, we reduced our spending on marketing and thereby caused the
decrease in the average user acquisition cost for the three months ended June 30, 2018. However, the average cost slightly increased in the three months ended
September 30, 2018 because we focused on compliance rather than launching new loan products to attract new customers, which brought less new investors to
our platform compared with the prior period. In the three months ended December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, in order to comply with the new marketplace
lending rules, we significantly reduced our spending on marketing to attract new customers and the average customer acquisition cost decreased to the lowest
among all the quarters.
The regulatory environment for the marketplace lending industry in China is evolving and creates both challenges and opportunities that could affect our
results of operations. Most recently, multiple PRC government authorities have published and promulgated various regulations and rules to further regulate the
marketplace lending industry in China. See “Business — Recent Regulatory Developments for Online Lending Platforms” and “Business — Regulations” in
this Report.
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We have been closely tracking the development and implementation of new regulations and rules likely to affect us. These requirements have created
entry barriers for many marketplace lending companies in China and further differentiated us from our competitors. We will continue to ensure timely
compliance with new regulations and rules, and we believe that such timely compliance with these newly promulgated regulations and rules will provide us
with a competitive advantage in the marketplace lending industry in China. Our operations may need to be further modified to comply with relevant PRC laws
and regulations on marketplace lending as the regulatory regime for this sector continues to evolve. See “Business — Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing
Business in China — Our operations may need to be modified to comply with existing and future requirements set forth by the CBRC or laws or regulations
promulgated by other PRC authorities regulating the marketplace lending industry in China” in this Report.
We will strive to comply with the existing laws, regulations and governmental policies relating to our industry and new laws and regulations or changes
under existing laws and regulations that may arise in the future.
For other factors affecting the results of operations, please refer to “Risk Factors” of this Report.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2018
Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairments of intangible assets and goodwill
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Other income (expenses), net
Interest expense
Loss before income taxes
Income tax expenses
Net loss
Revenues
For the Years Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
Change
$
2,921,063
(1,812,187)
1,108,876
$
494,897
-
494,897
2,426,166
(1,812,187)
613,979
(4,024,672)
(308,043)
(1,225,073)
(5,557,788)
(4,448,912)
(37,830)
(33,878)
(4,520,620) $
(21,905)
(4,542,525) $
(1,517,804)
(659,558)
(8,179,381)
(10,356,743)
(9,861,846)
2,874
-
(9,858,972) $
-
(9,858,972) $
(2,506,868)
351,515
6,954,308
4,798,955
5,412,934
(40,704)
(33,878)
5,338,352
(21,905)
5,316,447
$
$
Revenue increased by $2,426,166, or 490.2% as compared with year ended March 31, 2018. The leading contributor to the increase was the revenue of
$2,551,107 generated from our automobile transactions and related services from the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi. However, the revenue from our Online
Lending Services decreased by $124,941 due to the decrease of transaction volume as we ceased our cooperation with Creditor Partners in March 2018 and
we continued to focus on business compliance review and did not actively expand our business.
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In the year ended March 31, 2019, revenue from our Automobile Transaction and Related Services accounted for 87.3% of the total revenue while
revenue from the Online Lending Services accounted for 12.7%. The following table sets forth the breakdown of revenues by revenue source for the year
ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
Revenue from automobile transactions and related services
- Revenues from sales of automobiles
- Service fees from automobile purchase services
- Facilitation fees from automobile transactions
- Service fees from automobile management services
- Other service fees
Revenue from online lending services
- Transaction fees from borrowers
- Transaction fees from Creditor Partners
- Service fees from investors
Total Revenue
Revenue from Automobile Transactions and Related Services
For the Years Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
$
$
2,551,107
1,815,425
407,632
142,615
60,011
125,424
369,956
331,960
-
37,996
-
-
-
-
-
-
494,897
185,674
137,380
171,843
2,921,063
$
494,897
$
$
$
We started generating revenue from Automobile Transaction and Related Services from November 22, 2018, the acquisition date of Hunan Ruixi. The
revenue from automobile transactions and related services includes sales of automobiles, facilitation fees from automobile purchase, service fees from
automobile purchase services, service fees from automobile management and guarantee services and other services fees, including commissions from
insurance companies and service fees from Didi, which accounted for 71.2%, 16.0%, 5.6%, 2.4% and 4.8%, respectively of the total revenue from Automobile
Transaction and Related Services. In light of the huge market opportunity and rapid development of ride-hailing service market in China, we expect to witness
a continuous increase in our revenue from Automobile Transaction and Related Services for the next twelve months.
Sales of automobiles
We started generating revenues from sales of automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong and the sales of automobiles by Hunan Ruixi under our
financing leases. As of March 31, 2019, we have sold an aggregate of 211 automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong and two automobiles under the
financing leases with Hunan Ruixi.
Service fees from automobile purchase services
We generate revenues from providing a series of automobile purchase services throughout the automobile purchase transaction process. The amount of
these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. We have serviced 311 new automobile purchases with service fees
ranging from $500 to $4,000 per automobile during the period from November 22, 2018, the acquisition date of Hunan Ruixi, to March 31, 2019.
Facilitation fees from automobile transaction
We generate revenues from third-party sales teams or the automobile purchasers for the facilitation of the sales of automobiles. The amount of the fee is
based on the type of automobile and negotiation with each sales team or automobile purchaser. The fees charged to third-party sales teams or automobile
purchasers are paid when the transactions are consummated. These fees are non-refundable upon the delivery of automobiles. We have facilitated 311 new
automobile purchases during the period from November 22, 2018, the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, to March 31, 2019.
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Service Fees from Automobile Management and Guarantee Services
The majority of our customers are ride-hailing drivers of Didi. They entered into affiliation service agreements with us pursuant to which we, as a
qualified management company, would provide them post-transaction management services and guarantee services to the drivers. Our fees average $1,100 per
automobile for the affiliation period and are paid by the affiliated drivers on a monthly basis during the affiliation period. We have provided management and
guarantee services for approximately 1,060 automobiles during the period from November 22, 2018, the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, to March 31, 2019.
Other Service Fees
We generate other revenues from the commissions from insurance companies, services fees from Didi and other miscellaneous service fees charged to
the automobile buyers, which accounted for 78.2%, 6.8% and 15.0% of revenues from other service fees, respectively.
Revenue from Our Online Lending Services
We generate revenues from transaction fees from borrowers and service fees from investors by matching investors with borrowers on our platform. For
the year ended March 31, 2019, we charged borrowers transaction fees ranging from 0.19% to 4.93% of the loan amount, which fees are paid upon (i)
disbursement of the proceeds for loans which accrue interest on a monthly basis or (ii) full payment of principal and interest of loans which accrue interest on
a daily basis. The transaction fee rate charged to borrowers vary based on the amount and term of loan facilitated. We also charge our investors a service fee
of 8.00% of the interest that investors receive and the service fee is paid when the investors receive interest payments.
We witnessed a decrease in revenue during the year ended March 31, 2019 as compared with the year ended March 31, 2018 as more fully discussed
below:
Transaction Fees from Borrowers
The amount of transaction fees earned is determined by the term and amount of loan facilitated. We generally charge borrowers higher transaction fees
for loans with longer terms and higher principals. During the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the transactions fees from borrowers averaged 1.46% and
1.12% of the total loan amounts, respectively. The increase in the average transaction fee percentage was primarily a result of higher transaction fee rate
charged on loans that were no longer secured by guaranty due to cessation of our cooperation with Creditor Partners in March 2018.
Transaction fees from borrowers accounted for 89.7% and 37.5% of our total revenue from the Online Lending Services for the years ended March 31,
2019 and 2018, respectively. Due to higher transaction fee rate, despite the decrease in the total loan amount, transaction fees earned from borrowers increased
during the year ended March 31, 2019 as compared with the year ended March 31, 2018.
Transaction Fees from Creditor Partners
We started loan transactions with Creditor Partners for assigned loan in April 2017 and discontinued such transactions in January 2018. As a result, we
did not earn any transaction fees from Creditor Partners during the year ended March 31, 2019 while we earned transaction fees from Creditor Partners of
$137,380 for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Service Fees from Investors
Service fees charged to investors are equal to 8.00% of the interest that investors receive, and are paid at the time of each interest payment. Service fees
from investors decreased as a result of the decrease in the amount of loans in the year ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018.
Service fees from investors accounted for 10.3% of our total revenue from the online lending platform for the year ended March 31, 2019, a decrease of 24.4%
in as compared to the year ended March 31, 2018, attributable to the decreasing facilitated loans in current year and interests earned by investors decreased
accordingly.
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We may adjust the interest rates on the loan products based on market rates from time to time, which will likely affect the service fee we receive from
investors. Due to the promulgation of new regulations and rules, we do not expect an increase in our operation performance in the matching services before
we effectively increase the number of individual borrowers on our own. As a result, the service fee from investors will not witness a significant increase as the
service fee is directly related to the transaction volume.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues represents the costs of automobiles sold. Cost of revenues increased by $1,812,187 since we only provided Online Lending Services in
the year ended March 31, 2018 and did not incur cost of revenues.
Gross Profit
Gross profit consists of gross profit of $738,920 from Automobile Transaction and Related Services and $369,956 from Online Lending Services,
respectively. Gross profit increased by $613,979 mainly due to the increase of $738,920 from Automobile Transaction and Related Services, partially offset
by a decrease of $124,941 in the Online Lending Services.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salary and employee benefits, office rental expense, travel expenses, and platform
maintenance cost. Selling, general and administrative expenses which increased from $1,517,804 for the year ended March 31, 2018 to $4,024,672 for the
year ended March 31, 2019, representing an increase of $2,506,868.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for our Online Lending Services increased by $348,359. The increase mainly consisted of an increase of
$254,580 in salary and employee benefits caused by the increase of employees in the year ended March 31, 2019 and an increase of $93,779 in other expenses
mainly due to an increase of $82,404 in accounts management services fees from our custodian bank and legal fees.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for our Automobile Transaction and Related Services were $651,029, mainly consisting of $352,400 in
salary and employee benefits and $219,255 in rental and other advertising and related services expenses.
Legal fees, audit fees, underwriting commissions and other expenses for the year ended March 31, 2019 increased by $1,009,338 as we have become a
public company since March 2018. Marketing and advertising expenses also increased by $348,842 due to the engagement of three advertising and consulting
firms or channels for regular promotional services. Employee benefits for senior management and directors increased by $149,300 during the year ended
March 31, 2019 due to the increase in the benefits of directors and officers since our completion of IPO.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets amortization for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $308,043 as compared to $659,558 for the year ended March 31, 2018,
representing a decrease of $351,515. The decrease was mainly attributable to the decreased net book value of our online lending platform as a result of the
impairment charges of $2,000,175 recorded against the platform for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Impairments of Intangible Assets and Goodwill
For the year ended March 31, 2019, we performed impairment tests on separately identifiable intangible assets and goodwill and recorded impairment
charges of $1,171,395 and $53,678 relating to the platform and the software used in our Online Lending Services, respectively. We recognized the impairment
loss because we did not generate sufficient revenue and net earnings for the year ended March 31, 2019 to support the valuation of our intangible assets due to
regulatory changes in the marketplace lending industry. For the year ended March 31, 2018, we recognized impairment losses of $2,000,175 and $6,179,206
against the platform and related goodwill, respectively.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $33,878, resulting from the borrowings of Jinkailong from a financial institution, third parties
and related companies to its working capital requirements.
Income Tax Expense
Generally, our subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities in China are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in China at a
rate of 25%. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. Income
tax expense of $21,905 for the year ended March 31, 2019 represented the provision of enterprise income tax resulting from the taxable income totaling
$87,618 of Jinkailong.
Other subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entity in China incurred cumulative losses and no tax expense were recorded. However, according
to Chinese tax regulations, companies within China should adjust their net operating losses according to the law of enterprise income tax, which can be carried
forward to offset operating income for five years.
Net Loss
As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $4,542,525, representing a decrease of $5,316,447 from net loss of
$9,858,972 for the year ended March 31, 2018. The net loss from our Online Lending Services for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3,358,842, decreased
by $6,500,130 as compared with the year ended March 31, 2018. The net loss from our Automobile Transaction and Related Services for the period from the
acquisition of Hunan Ruixi to March 31, 2019 was $31,847.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, we financed our operations primarily through proceeds from our IPO, stockholder loans, and cash flow from operations.
We had cash and cash equivalents of $5,020,510 as of March 31, 2019 as compared to $11,141,566 as of March 31, 2018. We primarily hold our excess
unrestricted cash in short-term interest-bearing bank accounts at financial institutions.
In December 2017, we entered into loan agreements with two stockholders, who agreed to grant lines of credit of approximating $955,000 and $159,000,
respectively, to us for five years. The lines of credit are non-interest bearing, effective from January 2017. As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding balances
were $972,814 and $107,233, respectively.
On March 16, 2018, we closed our IPO of 3,000,000 shares of common stock. On March 28, 2018, we sold additional 379,400 shares of common stock
upon exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The offering price of the shares sold in the IPO was $4.00 per share. The total gross proceeds from
the offering were approximately $13.5 million. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate
net proceeds totaled approximately $12.2 million.
On June 21, 2019, we closed a registered direct public offering of common stock and warrants pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3, as
supplemented, for total gross proceeds of $6.0 million. The offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $3.38 per share. After deducting underwriting
discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds totaled approximately $5.3 million.
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We plan to use proceeds of our June 2019 Offering and anticipated cash flows from operating activities and, as necessary, obtain additional equity and/or
debt financing to expand our new Automobile Transaction and Related Services. We believe that the proceeds from our public offerings and our anticipated
cash flows will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business for the next 12
months from the date of this Report.
However, there is a risk that we may face shortfalls in liquidity and that we will be unable to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be unable to grow our business and may be required to reduce or refocus our operations, which
could have a material adverse effect on our company, our financial condition and our results of operations.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
Cash Flow in Operating Activities
For the Years Ended
March 31,
2019
2018
$
$
(6,256,226) $
(532,625)
701,207
(33,412)
11,141,566
5,020,510
$
(775,305)
(2,990)
11,739,724
18,845
161,292
11,141,566
For the year ended March 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $6,256,226 which primarily comprised (1) net loss of $4,542,525; (2)
increase in prepayments, receivables and other assets of $1,930,415 for Automobile Transaction and Related Services; (3) purchases of inventories of
$1,491,928; (4) offset by the increase of $1,225,037 in the impairment charge of intangible assets used in our Online Lending Services, and increase in
accrued expenses and other liabilities of $380,256.
The increase in net cash used in operating activities of $5,480,921 as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $775,305 for the year ended
March 31, 2018, primarily resulted from: (1) the decrease of impairments of intangible assets and goodwill of $6,954,308; (2) the increase of $1,877,671 in
the balance of prepayments, receivables and other assets mainly resulted from the advance payment for automobile purchase transactions and other expenses;
(3) the increase in purchase payment on inventories for sale of $1,491,928; (4) the decrease in amortization of intangible assets of $351,515; and (4) netting of
the decrease in net loss of $5,316,447
Cash Flow in Investing Activities
We had net cash used in investing activities of $532,625 for the year ended March 31, 2019, which primarily consisted of: (1) the payment of $28,870
for the purchases of office equipment; (2) the payment of $471,555 for the development of software to be used in our online lending platform and automobile
transaction and financing services; and (3) the investments in principal of finance lease of $32,200.
We had net cash used in investing activities of $2,990 for the year ended March 31, 2018, which primarily consisted of the payment for the purchases of
office equipment.
Cash Flow in Financing Activities
For the year ended March 31, 2019, the net cash provided by financing activities was mainly consisted of: (1) the release of the deposit of $600,000 from
the indemnification escrow account; (2) cash acquired from the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi and Jinkailong of $218,816; (3) repayments of borrowings from
financial institutions, related parties and affiliates of $662,699, partially offset by short-term borrowings from third parties of $471,608 for the daily operation
of Jinkailong after the acquisition; and (4) proceeds from stockholders loans of $1,973,479, partially offset by repayments to stockholders of $1,900,000.
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For the year ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was mainly net proceeds of $11,052,972 from our IPO, and net proceeds of
$686,752 borrowed from stockholders.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As the date of the Report, we have following off-balance sheet arrangements that are likely to have a future effect on our financial condition, revenues or
expenses, results of operations and liquidity:
Contingent Liabilities
We are exposed to credit risk as we are required by certain financial institutions to provide guarantee on the lease/loan payments (including principal and
interests) of the automobile purchasers referred by us. As at March 31, 2019, the maximum contingent liabilities we exposed to would be $11,548,000 if all
the automobile purchasers defaulted, of which $797,400 would be due to investors of the online lending platform operated by Sichuan Senmiao, which may
cause an increase in guarantee expense and cash outflow in financing activities.
Purchase Commitments
As of March 31, 2019, Hunan Ruixi entered a purchase contract with an automobile dealer for the purchase of a total 50 automobiles with an aggregate
purchase price of approximately $0.3 million.
Subsequent to March 31, 2019 through the date of this Report, Hunan Ruixi entered into another six purchase contracts with automobile dealers for the
purchase of a total 226 automobiles with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.7 million. In addition, Yicheng entered into two purchase contracts
with automobile dealers for the purchase of a total 450 automobiles with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $4.8 million. These automobiles are to
be sold/leased in our Automobile Transaction and Related Services segment. These purchase transactions will be completed in 2019, which will lead to an
increase in our inventory and cash outflow in operating activities.
Inflation
We do not believe our business and operations have been materially affected by inflation.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires our management to
make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and
contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. These
accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most
important to the portrayal of our financial conditions and results of operations and require management's difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a
result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting
estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate
may differ significantly from management's current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates
and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
(a) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and
assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company
bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making
judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, The
following are some of the areas requiring significant judgments and estimates: revenue recognition, residual values, lease classification, inventory
obsolescence, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for doubtful accounts and prepayments, estimates
of impairment of intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets and, estimated fair value used in business acquisitions and other provisions and
contingencies.
(b) Fair values of financial instruments
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information of financial
instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not
available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions
used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities
from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company.
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Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the
assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, financial instruments of the Company comprised primarily current assets and current liabilities including cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable, finance lease receivables and other assets, escrow receivables, due from related parties, borrowings from financial
institutions, other liabilities, due to stockholders and due to related parties and affiliates, which approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature
of these instruments, and noncurrent liabilities of borrowings from financial institutions, which approximate their fair values because of the stated loan interest
rate to the rate charged by similar financial institutions.
The finance lease receivables were recorded at gross adjusted for the deferred interest income using the effective interest rate method. The Company
believes that the effective interest rates underlying the finance lease receivables approximates current market rates for such finance leasing products as of
March 31, 2019.
(c) Business combinations and noncontrolling interests
We account for our business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 Business Combinations.” The cost of
an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair value of the assets transferred to the sellers and liabilities incurred by us and equity
instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are
measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess of (i) the total costs of
acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value
of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary
acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated income statements. During the measurement period, which can be up to one year from the
acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of
the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are
recorded to the consolidated income statements.
For our non-wholly owned subsidiaries, a noncontrolling interest is recognized to reflect portion of equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to
us. The cumulative results of operations attributable to noncontrolling interests are also recorded as noncontrolling interests in our unaudited condensed
consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Cash flows related to transactions with noncontrolling interests
are presented under financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
(d) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which
is comprised of certain members of our management team. Historically, we had one single operating and reportable segment, namely the provision of an
Online Lending Services. During the year ended March 31, 2019, we acquired Hunan Ruixi and its VIE and evaluated how the CODM manages the
businesses of us to maximize efficiency in allocating resources and assessing performance.
(d) Intangible assets
Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable
lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:
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Platform
Software
Customer relationship
7 years
5-7 years
10 years
Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting
from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which
the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. As a result of declines in revenue and profitability of the Online Lending Services, the
Company performed an impairment analysis of its intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 using the relief from royalty method. As a result of the
analysis, the Company concluded that there was an impairment of its online lending platform and software and recorded a charge of $1,225,073 and
$2,000,175 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The impairment was largely due to a decrease in the long-term revenue projections.
(e) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities
assumed of the acquired entity or business as a result of the Company’s acquisitions of interests in its subsidiary, VIE and business. Goodwill is not amortized
but is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. The Company first
assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the qualitative assessment,
the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific
information related to the operations. Based on the qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than the
carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is performed.
In performing the two-step quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including
goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be
required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of
a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation
of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the
amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for the purposes of evaluating
goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires
significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determining
the fair value of each reporting unit.
As a result of declines in revenue and profitability of the Online Lending Services, the Company performed an impairment analysis of its goodwill
arising from acquisition of the online lending business as of March 31, 2018 using a discounted cash flow analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Company
concluded that there was an impairment of goodwill and recorded a charge of $6,179,206 for the year ended March 31, 2018. The impairment was largely due
to a decrease in long-term revenue projections of the Company’s Online Lending Services. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the goodwill
subsequent to the recording the impairment charge was $0 and $0.
(f) Revenue recognition
We have adopted ASC 606, since the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting
information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to
customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the
consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.
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We have assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing its existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify
differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments,
transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, we concluded that there was no change to the timing and pattern of
revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of ASC 606 and therefore there was no material changes to the Company's consolidated financial
statements upon adoption of ASC 606.
Automobile Transaction and Financing Services
Sales of automobiles – Revenue from sales of automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong and the sales of automobiles to lessees by Hunan Ruixi under
its sales-type leases. The control over the automobile is transferred to the purchaser along with the delivery of automobile. The amount of the revenue is based
on the sale price agreed by Hunan Ruixi and the counterparties, including the leasees under sales-type leases and Jinkailong, who acts on behalf of its
customers. We recognize revenues when the automobile is delivered and control is transferred to the purchaser.
Service fees from automobile purchase services – Services fees from automobile purchase services are paid by automobile purchasers for a series of the
services provided to them throughout the purchase process such as credit assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of
financing transactions, license and plate registration, payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver
qualification and other administrative procedures.. The amount of these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. We
recognize revenue when all the services are completed and the automobile is delivered to the purchaser.
Facilitation fees from automobile transactions – Facilitation fees from automobile purchase transactions are paid by our customers including third-party
sales teams or the automobile purchasers for the facilitation of the sales and financing of automobiles. We attract automobile purchasers through third-party
sales teams or our own sales department. For the sales facilitated between third-party sales teams and automobile purchasers, we charge the fees to the third-
party sales teams, which derived from the commission paid by the automobile purchasers to the third-party sales teams. Relating to sales facilitated between
automobile purchasers and dealers, we charge the fees to the automobile purchasers. We recognize revenue from facilitation fees when the titles are
transferred to the owners. The amount of fees is based on the type of automobile and negotiation with each sales team or automobile purchaser. The fees
charged to third-party sales teams or automobile purchasers are paid before the automobile purchase transactions are consummated. These fees are non-
refundable upon the delivery of automobiles.
Service fees from management and guarantee services – Over 95% of our customers are drivers of Didi Technology Co., Ltd., the largest ride-hailing
service platform in China, who sign affiliation agreements with us, pursuant to which we provide them with management and guarantee services during the
affiliation period. Service fees for management and guarantee services are paid by such automobile purchasers on a monthly basis for the management and
guarantee services provided during the affiliation period. We recognize revenue over the affiliation period when performance obligations are completed.
Online Lending Services
Transaction fees – Transaction fees are paid by borrowers to us for the work we perform through our platform. The amount of these fees is based upon
the loan amount, maturity and the credit grade of borrowers. The fees charged to borrowers are paid upon (i) disbursement of the proceeds for loans which
accrue interest on a monthly basis or (ii) full payment of principal and interest of loans which accrue interest on a daily basis. These fees are non-refundable
upon the issuance of loan. We recognize revenue when loan proceeds are disbursed to borrowers or borrowers pay their principal and interest on loans.
Service fees — We charge investors service fees on their actual return of investment (interest income). We generally receive the service fees upon the
investors’ receipt of their investment returns. We recognize revenue when loans are repaid and investors receive their investment income.
103
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Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not required for smaller reporting companies.
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The financial statements required by this item begin on page F-1 hereof.
Index to Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-1
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Director and
Stockholders of Senmiao Technology Limited
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Senmiao Technology Limited and Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of March
31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of
the years in the two-year period ended March 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended March 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial
statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB)
and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor
were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and
performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating
the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Friedman LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
New York, New York
July 3, 2019
F-1
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
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Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 106 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Finance lease receivables, net, current portion
Prepayments, receivables and other assets, net
Escrow receivable due within one year
Due from related parties
Total Current Assets
Property and equipment, net
Other Assets
Intangible assets, net
Prepayments for intangible assets
Escrow receivable
Finance lease receivables, net
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Borrowings from financial institutions
Borrowings from third parties
Advances from customers
Income tax payable
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Due to stockholders
Due to related parties and affiliates
Total Current Liabilities
Borrowings from financial institutions, noncurrent
Total Liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 25,945,255 and 25,879,400 shares
issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total Stockholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling interests
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
$
$
5,020,510
326,181
1,508,244
10,254
3,793,468
600,000
140,498
11,399,155
11,141,566
-
-
-
70,421
-
-
11,211,987
125,885
8,872
$
$
296,091
470,706
-
22,298
12,314,135
219,157
476,765
38,996
21,905
1,500,803
1,080,047
415,931
3,753,604
177,789
3,931,393
1,953,223
-
1,200,000
-
14,374,082
-
-
-
-
404,604
1,090,808
-
1,495,412
-
1,495,412
2,595
23,833,112
(15,031,538)
(428,771)
8,375,398
2,588
23,611,512
(10,481,669)
(253,761)
12,878,670
7,344
8,382,742
12,314,135
$
-
12,878,670
14,374,082
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-2
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairments of intangible assets and goodwill
Total operating expenses
Loss from operations
Other (expenses) income, net
Interest expenses
Loss before income taxes
Income tax expenses
Net loss
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net loss attributable to stockholders
Net loss
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Comprehensive Loss
Less: total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Total comprehensive loss attributable to stockholders
Weighted average number of common stock
Basic and diluted
Loss per share
Basic and diluted loss for the years
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
$
$
2,921,063
(1,812,187)
1,108,876
494,897
-
494,897
(4,024,672)
(308,043)
(1,225,073)
(5,557,788)
(1,517,804)
(659,558)
(8,179,381)
(10,356,743)
(4,448,912)
(9,861,846)
(37,830)
(33,878)
(4,520,620)
(21,905)
2,874
-
(9,858,972)
-
(4,542,525)
(9,858,972)
(7,344)
-
(4,549,869) $
(9,858,972)
(4,542,525) $
(9,858,972)
(175,010)
(4,717,535)
854,001
(9,004,971)
(7,344)
(4,724,879) $
-
(9,004,971)
25,882,287
21,967,776
(0.18) $
(0.45)
$
$
$
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-3
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
Additional
Paid-in
capital
Accumulated
deficit
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss
Non-controlling
interest
Total equity
Common stock
Shares
Par value
Balance as of March 31, 2017
20,250,000 $
2,025 $ 11,359,103 $
(622,697) $
(1,107,762) $
- $ 9,630,669
Capital restructuring
Issuance of common stock pursuant to initial
public offering (“IPO”), net of issuance
costs
Issuance of common stock pursuant to
exercise of underwriter’s over-allotment
option
Net loss
Foreign currency translation gain
Balance as of March 31, 2018
Capital contribution from noncontrolling
interests of the subsidiary acquired
Gain from acquisition of variable interest
entities
Issuance of common stock pursuant to
exercise of underwriter’s warrants granted
in IPO
Net (loss) income
Foreign currency translation loss
Balance as of March 31, 2019
2,250,000
225
(225)
3,000,000
300
10,735,072
-
-
-
-
379,400
-
-
25,879,400
38
-
-
2,588
1,517,562
-
-
23,611,512
-
(9,858,972)
-
(10,481,669)
-
-
854,001
(253,761)
-
-
-
-
157,642
63,965
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10,735,372
1,517,600
(9,858,972)
854,001
12,878,670
157,642
63,965
65,855
-
-
25,945,255 $
7
-
-
(7)
-
-
2,595 $ 23,833,112 $ (15,031,538) $
-
(4,549,869)
-
-
-
(175,010)
(428,771) $
-
7,344
-
-
(4,542,525)
(175,010)
7,344 $ 8,382,742
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-4
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 109 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairments of intangible assets and goodwill
Provision of doubtful accounts
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepayments, receivables and other assets
Advances from customers
Income tax payable
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment
Purchases of intangible assets
Addition in finance lease receivables
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock in the IPO
Proceeds from exercise of underwriter’s over-allotment option
Proceeds borrowed from stockholders
Repayments to stockholders
Release of escrow receivable
Borrowings from third parties
Repayments of borrowings from related parties and affiliates
Repayments of noncurrent borrowings from financial institutions
Cash received from acquisition
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
$
(4,542,525) $
(9,858,972)
22,851
308,043
1,225,073
5,077
(274,507)
(1,491,928)
(1,930,415)
19,944
21,905
380,256
(6,256,226)
(28,870)
(471,555)
(32,200)
(532,625)
-
-
1,973,479
(1,900,000)
600,000
471,608
(487,115)
(175,581)
218,816
701,207
3,580
659,558
8,179,381
-
(52,744)
-
-
-
-
293,892
(775,305)
(2,990)
-
-
(2,990)
9,641,604
1,411,368
792,382
(105,630)
-
-
-
-
11,739,724
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(33,412)
18,845
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest expense
Cash paid for income tax
Non-cash Transaction in Investing and Financing Activities
Unpaid property and equipment purchases
IPO issuance costs net against additional paid-in capital
Escrow receivable in connection with IPO
IPO expenses paid by the Company’s stockholders
Assume of net liabilities of Ruixi, excluding cash and cash equivalents
(6,121,056)
11,141,566
5,020,510
33,878
-
$
$
$
$
-
$
-
$
-
70,687
$
(149,680) $
10,980,274
161,292
11,141,566
-
-
4,166
1,264,628
1,200,000
67,277
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements
F-5
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 110 of 162
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Senmiao Technology Limited (the “Company”) is a U.S. holding company incorporated in the State of Nevada on June 8, 2017. The Company is located in
Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, and operates its businesses in two segments: (i) online lending services through its variable interest entity (“VIE”),
Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Senmiao”), in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) which facilitates loan
transactions between Chinese investors and individual and small-to-medium-sized enterprise (“SME”) borrowers; and (ii) automobile transaction and related
services focusing on the ride-hailing industry in China through its majority owned subsidiary, Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Hunan Ruixi”), a
PRC limited liability company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Hunan Ruixi Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Ruixi Leasing”), and its VIE, Sichuan Jinkailong
Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Jinkailong”).
On September 25, 2016, Sichuan Senmiao acquired a peer-to-peer (“P2P”) platform (including website, internet content provider license, operating systems,
servers, and management system) from Sichuan Chenghexin Investment and Asset Management Co., Ltd. On July 28, 2017, the Company established a
wholly-owned subsidiary, Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Senmiao Consulting”) in China. Sichuan Senmiao was established in
China in June 2014.
On September 18, 2017, the Company entered into a series of agreements (“VIE Agreements”) with Sichuan Senmiao and its equity holders (the “Sichuan
Senmiao Shareholders”) through Senmiao Consulting to obtain control and became the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao (the “Restructuring”). In
connection with the Restructuring, as partial consideration for the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders’ commitment to perform their obligations under the VIE
Agreements, the Company issued an aggregate of 45,000,000 shares of its common stock to the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pursuant to certain
subscription agreements dated September 18, 2017.
On November 21, 2018, the Company entered into an Investment and Equity Transfer Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) with Hunan Ruixi and all the
shareholders of Hunan Ruixi (“Hunan Ruixi Shareholders”), pursuant to which the Company acquired from the Hunan Ruixi Shareholders an aggregate of
60% of the equity interest of Hunan Ruixi. The Company closed the acquisition on November 22, 2018 and agreed to make a cash contribution of $6,000,000
to Hunan Ruixi, representing 60% of its registered capital, in accordance with the Investment Agreement (Note 3). As of March 31, 2019, the Company
made cash contributions in the aggregate amount of $5,000,000 to Hunan Ruixi.
Hunan Ruixi holds automobiles sales and financial leasing licenses and has been engaged in automobile financial leasing services and automobile sales since
January 2019. Hunan Ruixi also controls Jinkailong through its 35% equity interest and a voting agreement with Jinkailong’s other shareholders. Jinkailong is
an automobile transaction and related services company in China, which primarily targets the drivers in the ride-hailing service sector and facilitates
automobile sales and financing transactions for its clients and provides relevant after- transaction services to them. As of March 31, 2019, Ruixi Leasing has
not commenced operating yet.
F-6
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Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 111 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
The following diagram illustrates the Company’s corporate structure, including its subsidiaries, and VIEs, as of the date of these financial statements:
F-7
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
VIE Agreements with Sichuan Senmiao
According to the VIE Agreements, Sichuan Senmiao is obligated to pay Senmiao Consulting service fees equal to its net income. Sichuan Senmiao’s entire
operations are controlled by the Company. There are no unrecognized revenue-producing assets that are held by Sichuan Senmiao.
Each of the VIE Agreements is described in details below:
Equity Interest Pledge Agreement
Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which the
Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders pledged all of their equity interest in Sichuan Senmiao to Senmiao Consulting in order to guarantee the performance of
Sichuan Senmiao’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement as described below. During the term of the pledge, Senmiao Consulting
is entitled to receive any dividends declared on the pledged equity interest of Sichuan Senmiao. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement terminates when all
contractual obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement have been fully performed.
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement entered by and among the Company, Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and each of Sichuan
Senmiao Shareholders, Senmiao Consulting will provide Sichuan Senmiao with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services
for 10 years ended September 18, 2027. The Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders and Sichuan Senmiao will not engage any third party for the same or similar
consultation services without Senmiao Consulting’s prior consent. Further, the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are entitled to receive an aggregate of
20,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. Senmiao Consulting may terminate the Exclusive
Business Cooperation Agreement at any time upon prior written notice to Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders.
Exclusive Option Agreement
Pursuant to an Exclusive Option Agreement entered by and among Senmiao Consulting, Sichuan Senmiao and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, the
Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders have granted Senmiao Consulting an exclusive option to purchase at any time their equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao at a
purchase price equal to the capital paid by the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders in whole or at a pro-rated price for any partial purchase. The Exclusive Option
Agreement terminates after 10 years ending September 18, 2027 but can be renewed by Senmiao Consulting at its discretion.
Powers of Attorney
Each of the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders has signed a power of attorney (the “Power of Attorney”), pursuant to which, each of the Sichuan Senmiao
Shareholders has authorized Senmiao Consulting to act as his or her exclusive agent and attorney with respect to all rights of such individual as a shareholder
of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to: (a) attending shareholders’ meetings; (b) exercising all the shareholder’s rights that shareholders are entitled
to under PRC laws and the Articles of Association of Sichuan Senmiao, including but not limited to voting, sale, transfer, pledge and disposition of the equity
interests of Sichuan Senmiao; and (c) designating and appointing the legal representative, chairperson, director, supervisor, chief executive officer and other
senior management members of Sichuan Senmiao. The Power of Attorney has the same term as the Exclusive Option Agreement.
F-8
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
VIE Agreements with Sichuan Senmiao (continued)
Timely Report Agreement
The Company and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a Timely Report Agreement, pursuant to which, Sichuan Senmiao agrees to make its officers and directors
available to the Company and promptly provide all information required by the Company so that the Company can make necessary filings to the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and other regulatory reports in a timely fashion.
The Company has concluded that it should consolidate the financial statements with Sichuan Senmiao because it is Sichuan Senmiao’s primary beneficiary
based on the Power of Attorney from the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders, who assigned their rights as shareholders of Sichuan Senmiao to Senmiao
Consulting, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary. These rights include, but are not limited to, attending shareholders’ meetings, voting on matters
submitted for shareholder approval and appointing legal representatives, directors, supervisors and senior management of Sichuan Senmiao. As a result, the
Company, through Senmiao Consulting, is deemed to hold all of the voting equity interests in Sichuan Senmiao. Pursuant to Exclusive Business Cooperation
Agreement, Senmiao Consulting shall provide complete technical support, business support and related consulting services for 10 years. Though not explicit
in the VIE Agreements, the Company may provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao to meet its working capital requirements and capitalization purposes.
The terms of the VIE Agreements and the Company’s plan to provide financial support to Sichuan Senmiao were considered in determining that the Company
is the primary beneficiary of Sichuan Senmiao. Accordingly, the financial statements of Sichuan Senmiao are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated
financial statements.
The Restructuring constituted a reorganization. As all of the above mentioned companies are under common control, this series of transactions are considered
as a reorganization of the entities under common control at carrying value and the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the
reorganization had occurred retroactively. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the existing corporate structure had been in existence
throughout all periods and the reorganization had occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements.
Voting Agreement with Jinkailong’s Other Shareholders
In addition to obtaining 35% equity interests in Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi, Jinkailong and other Jinkailong’s shareholders holding an aggregate of 65% equity
interests entered into a voting agreement, as amended (the “Voting Agreement”), pursuant to which all other Jinkailong’s shareholders will vote in concert
with Hunan Ruixi on all fundamental corporate transactions in the event of a disagreement for a period of 20 years, ending on August 25, 2038.
The Company has concluded that it should consolidate the financial statements with Jinkailong because it is Jinkailong’s primary beneficiary based on the
Voting Agreement. Though not explicit in the business cooperation agreement by and among Jinkailong, Hunan Ruixi, and other shareholders of Hunan
Ruixi, the Company may provide financial support to Jinkailong to meet its working capital requirements and capitalization purposes. The terms of the Voting
Agreement and the Company’s plan to provide financial support to Jinkailong were considered in determining that the Company is the primary beneficiary of
Jinkailong. Accordingly, management has determined that Jinkailong is a VIE and the financial statements of Jinkailong are consolidated in the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
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Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 114 of 162
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTITIVIES (CONTINUED)
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Total assets and total liabilities of the Company’s VIEs included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as
follows:
Total assets
Total liabilities
March 31,
2019
$
$
5,214,014
6,852,769
$
$
March 31,
2018
10,425,056
1,413,485
Net revenue, net loss, operating, investing and financing cash flows of the VIEs that were included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the
years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
Net revenue
Net loss
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
F-10
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
$
1,087,207
(2,379,206) $
(1,188,131)
(8,491)
1,892,789
2018
494,897
(1,473,911)
(718,896)
(2,990)
725,227
$
$
$
$
$
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 115 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries and
VIEs. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(c) Reclassification
Certain items in the consolidated financial statements of comparative period have been reclassified to conform to the consolidated financial statements for the
current period.
(d) Foreign currency translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the
dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency
using the applicable exchange rates on the date of the balance sheet. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.
The reporting currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is U.S. dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been
expressed in US$, because that is the primary and functional currency where all entities operate.
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$, are translated into
US$, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and
losses resulting from translation of financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other
comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.
Translation of amounts from RMB into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:
Balance sheet items, except for equity accounts
Items in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and statements of cash flows
F-11
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
6.7119
6.2807
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
6.7126
2018
6.6269
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 116 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(e) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and
assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company
bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making
judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, revenue
recognition, residual values, lease classification, inventory obsolescence, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of
allowances for doubtful accounts and prepayments, estimates of impairment of intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, estimated fair value used in
business acquisitions and other provisions and contingencies.
(f) Fair values of financial instruments
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information of financial
instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not
available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions
used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial assets and liabilities
from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company.
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the
assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, financial instruments of the Company comprised primarily current assets and current liabilities including cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable, finance lease receivables and other assets, escrow receivables, due from related parties, borrowings from financial
institutions, other liabilities, due to stockholders and due to related parties and affiliates, which approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature
of these instruments, and noncurrent liabilities of borrowings from financial institutions, which approximate their fair values because of the stated loan interest
rate to the rate charged by similar financial institutions.
The finance lease receivables were recorded at gross adjusted for the deferred interest income using the effective interest rate method. The Company believes
that the effective interest rates underlying the finance lease receivables approximates current market rates for such finance leasing products as of March 31,
2019.
F-12
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 117 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(g) Business combinations and noncontrolling interests
The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 "Business Combinations." The
cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair value of the assets transferred to the sellers and liabilities incurred by the
Company and equity instruments issued. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities
acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling interests. The excess
of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the noncontrolling interests and acquisition date fair value of any previously held equity interest in the
acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the
net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated income statements. During the measurement period, which can
be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset
to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes
first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated income statements.
For the Company's non-wholly owned subsidiaries, a noncontrolling interest is recognized to reflect portion of equity that is not attributable, directly or
indirectly, to the Company. The cumulative results of operations attributable to noncontrolling interests are also recorded as noncontrolling interests in the
Company's consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Cash flows related to transactions with
noncontrolling interests are presented under financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
(h) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which is
comprised of certain members of the Company's management team. Historically, the Company had one single operating and reportable segment, namely the
provision of an online lending services. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company acquired Hunan Ruixi and Jinkailong and evaluated how the
CODM manages the businesses of the Company to maximize efficiency in allocating resources and assessing performance. Consequently, the Company
presents two operating and reportable segments as set forth in Notes 1 and 17.
(i) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.
(j) Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest, and are due on demand.
Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables.
Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in
the allowance when necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for
recovery is considered remote. As of March 31, 2019, the Company determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary for accounts receivable.
F-13
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 118 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(k) Inventories
Inventories consist of automobiles which are held for sale and for leasing purposes, and are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value, as determined using
the weighted average cost method. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and if applicable, an allowance is made for
writing down the inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost. On an ongoing basis, inventories are reviewed for potential write-down for estimated
obsolescence or unmarketable inventories which equals the difference between the costs of inventories and the estimated net realizable value based upon
forecasts for future demand and market conditions. When inventories are written-down to the lower of cost or net realizable value, it is not marked up
subsequently based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances.
(l) Finance lease receivables, net
Finance lease receivables, which result from sales-type leases, are measured at discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments, (ii) any
residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option as a finance lease receivables on its balance sheet and (iii) accrued interest on the balance of the
finance lease receivables based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease. Management also periodically evaluates
individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary. Finance
lease receivables is charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
As of March 31, 2019, the Company determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary for finance lease receivables.
As of March 31, 2019, finance lease receivables consisted of the following:
Gross minimum lease payments receivable
Less: Amounts representing estimated executory costs
Minimum lease payments receivable
Less Allowance for uncollectible minimum lease payments receivable
Net minimum lease payments receivable
Estimated residual value of leased automobiles
Less: Unearned interest
Financing lease receivables, net
Finance lease receivables, net, current portion
Finance lease receivables, net
Future scheduled minimum lease payments for investments in sales-type leases as of March 31, 2019 are as follows:
Year ending March 31, 2020
Year ending March 31, 2021
Year ending March 31, 2022
(m) Property and equipment
March 31,
2019
40,023
-
40,023
-
40,023
-
(7,471)
32,552
10,254
22,298
Minimum future
payments receivable
13,341
13,341
13,341
40,023
$
$
$
$
$
$
Property and equipment primarily consists of computer equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation less any provision required for
impairment in value. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method with no residual value based on the estimated useful life. The useful life of
property and equipment is summarized as follows:
Computer equipment
Office equipment
Automobiles
2 - 5 years
3 - 5 years
4 years
The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to
generate. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, if any, exceeds its
fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model. For the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no impairment of property and
equipment.
Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred and asset improvements are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets
disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated income statements.
F-14
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 119 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(n) Intangible assets
Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives
continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method as follows:
Platform
Customer relationship
Software
7 years
10 years
5-7 years
Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting
from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which
the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. As a result of declines in revenue and profitability of the online lending services, the
Company performed an impairment analysis of its intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 using the relief from royalty method. As a result of the
analysis, the Company concluded that there was an impairment of its online lending platform and software and recorded a charge of $1,225,073 and
$2,000,175 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The impairment was largely due to a decrease in the long-term revenue projections. As
of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the platform subsequent to the recording of the impairment charge was $1,107,616 and $2,492,976,
respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the software subsequent to the recording of the impairment charge was $80,856 and
$84,545, respectively.
(o) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities
assumed of the acquired entity or business as a result of the Company’s acquisitions of interests in its subsidiary, VIE and business. Goodwill is not amortized
but is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. The Company first
assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the qualitative assessment,
the Company considers primary factors such as industry and market considerations, overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and other specific
information related to the operations. Based on the qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than the
carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is performed.
In performing the two-step quantitative impairment test, the first step compares the fair values of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including
goodwill. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and the second step will not be
required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value of
a reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination with the allocation
of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the
amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed for the purposes of evaluating
goodwill impairment and does not result in an entry to adjust the value of any assets or liabilities. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires
significant management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determining
the fair value of each reporting unit.
As a result of declines in revenue and profitability of the online lending services, the Company performed an impairment analysis of its goodwill arising from
acquisition of the online lending business as of March 31, 2018 using a discounted cash flow analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Company concluded that
there was an impairment of goodwill and recorded a charge of $6,179,206 for the year ended March 31, 2018. The impairment was largely due to a decrease
in long-term revenue projections of the Company’s online lending services. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the goodwill subsequent to
the recording of the impairment charge was $0 and $0.
F-15
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 120 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(o) Loss per share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock,
adjusted for outstanding shares of common stock that are subject to repurchase.
For the calculation of diluted loss per share, net loss attributable to stockholders for basic loss per share is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities,
including share-based awards, under the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities, of which the amounts are insignificant, have been excluded
from the computation of diluted net loss per share if their inclusion is anti-dilutive.
(p) Revenue recognition
The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), in the first quarter of 2019 using the modified retrospective
approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from
the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or
services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as
performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing its existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify
differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments,
transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, the Company concluded that there was no change to the timing and
pattern of revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of ASC 606 and therefore there was no material changes to the Company's consolidated
financial statements upon adoption of ASC 606.
As of March 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding contracts for automobile transaction and related services amounting to $1,296,587, of which $580,775 is
expected to be completed within 12 months after March 31, 2019, and $715,812 is expected to be completed during the 12 months ending March 31, 2020.
F-16
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 121 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(p) Revenue recognition (continued)
Automobile Transaction and Related Services
- Revenues from sales of automobiles
- Service fees from automobile purchase services
- Facilitation fees from automobile transactions
- Service fees from management and guarantee services
- Other service fees
Online Lending Services
- Transaction fees
- Service fees
Automobile transaction and related services
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
1,815,425
407,632
142,615
60,011
125,424
-
-
-
-
-
$
$
331,960
37,996
$
323,054
171,843
2,921,063
$
494,897
Sales of automobiles – Revenue from sales of automobiles to the customers of Jinkailong and the sales of automobiles to lessees by Hunan Ruixi under its
sales-type leases. The control over the automobile is transferred to the purchaser along with the delivery of automobile. The amount of the revenue is based on
the sale price agreed by Hunan Ruixi and the counterparties, including the leasees under sales-type leases and Jinkailong, who acts on behalf of its customers.
The Company recognizes revenues when the automobile is delivered and control is transferred to the purchaser.
Service fees from automobile purchase services– Services fees from automobile purchase services are paid by automobile purchasers for a series of the
services provided to them throughout the purchase process such as credit assessment, preparation of financing application materials, assistance with closing of
financing transactions, license and plate registration, payment of taxes and fees, purchase of insurance, installment of GPS devices, ride-hailing driver
qualification and other administrative procedures.. The amount of these fees is based on the sales price of the automobiles and relevant services provided. The
Company recognizes revenue when all the services are completed and the automobile is delivered to the purchaser.
Facilitation fees from automobile transactions – Facilitation fees from automobile purchase transactions are paid by the Company’s customers including third-
party sales teams or the automobile purchasers for the facilitation of the sales and financing of automobiles. The Company attracts automobile purchasers
through third-party sales teams or its own sales department. For the sales facilitated between third-party sales teams and automobile purchasers, the Company
charges the fees to the third-party sales teams, which derived from the commission paid by the automobile purchasers to the third-party sales teams. Relating
to sales facilitated between automobile purchasers and dealers, the Company charges the fees to the automobile purchasers. The Company recognizes revenue
from facilitation fees when the titles are transferred to the owners. The amount of fees is based on the type of automobile and negotiation with each sales team
or automobile purchaser. The fees charged to third-party sales teams or automobile purchasers are paid before the automobile purchase transactions are
consummated. These fees are non-refundable upon the delivery of automobiles.
F-17
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 122 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(p) Revenue recognition (continued)
Automobile transaction and related services (continued)
Service fees from management and guarantee services – Over 95% of the Company’s customers are drivers of Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd., the largest
ride-hailing service platform in China, who sign affiliation agreements with the Company, pursuant to which the Company provides them with management
and guarantee services during the affiliation period. Service fees for management and guarantee services are paid by such automobile purchasers on a monthly
basis for the management and guarantee services provided during the affiliation period. The Company recognizes revenue over the affiliation period when
performance obligations are completed.
Online Lending Services
Transaction fees – Transaction fees are paid by borrowers to the Company for the work the Company performs through its platform. The amount of these fees
is based upon the loan amount, maturity and the credit grade of borrowers. The fees charged to borrowers are paid upon (i) disbursement of the proceeds for
loans which accrue interest on a monthly basis or (ii) full payment of principal and interest of loans which accrue interest on a daily basis. These fees are non-
refundable upon the issuance of loan. The Company recognizes revenue when loan proceeds are disbursed to borrowers or borrowers pay their principal and
interest on loans.
Service fees — The Company charges investors service fees on their actual return of investment (interest income). The Company generally receives the
service fees upon the investors’ receipt of their investment returns. The Company recognizes revenue when loans are repaid and investors receive their
investment income.
F-18
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 123 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(q) Income taxes
Deferred income tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the income tax basis and
financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Provisions or benefits for income taxes consists of tax estimated from taxable income plus or minus deferred
tax expenses (benefits) if applicable.
Deferred tax is calculated using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of
assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax basis. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable
income will be utilized with prior net operating loss carried forwards using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the
liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity.
Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the
deferred tax assets will not be utilized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities.
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax
examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on
examination. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. The Company
did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit
as of March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019, the tax years ended December 31, 2013 through 2018 for the Company’s PRC entities remain open for
statutory examination by PRC tax authorities.
(r) Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss includes net loss and foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive loss is reported in the consolidated statements of operations and
comprehensive loss. Accumulated other comprehensive loss, as presented on the consolidated balance sheets are the cumulative foreign currency translation
adjustments. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the balance of accumulated other comprehensive losses were $428,771 and $253,761, respectively.
(s) Share-based awards
Share-based awards granted to the Company’s employees are measured at fair value on grant date and share-based compensation expense is recognized (i)
immediately at the grant date if no vesting conditions are required, or (ii) using the accelerated attribution method, net of estimated forfeitures, over the
requisite service period. The fair value of restricted shares is determined with reference to the fair value of the underlying shares.
At each date of measurement, the Company reviews internal and external sources of information to assist in the estimation of various attributes to determine
the fair value of the share-based awards granted by the Company, including but not limited to the fair value of the underlying shares, expected life, expected
volatility and expected forfeiture rates. The Company is required to consider many factors and make certain assumptions during this assessment. If any of the
assumptions used to determine the fair value of the share-based awards changes significantly, share-based compensation expense may differ materially in the
future from that recorded in the current reporting period.
(t) Leases commitments
Leases are classified as either capital or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are
accounted for as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as
operating leases expense and is included in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. The Company had no
capital lease commitments for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
F-19
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 124 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(u) Significant risks and uncertainties
1) Credit risk
a. Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents. The maximum
exposure of these assets to credit risk is their carrying amount as of the balance sheet dates. On March 31, 2019, approximately $1,950,000 was deposited
with a bank in the United States which is insured by the U.S. government up to $250,000. On March 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately $3,070,000 and
$180,000, respectively, were deposited in financial institutions located in mainland China, which were uninsured by the government authority. To limit
exposure to credit risk relating to deposits, the Company primarily place cash deposits with large financial institutions in China which management
believes are of high credit quality.
The Company’s operations are carried out in mainland China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be
influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC as well as by the general state of the PRC’s economy. In addition, the
Company’s business may be influenced by changes in government policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency
conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation and other factors.
b.
In measuring the credit risk of guarantee services to automobile purchasers, the Company primarily reflects the “probability of default” by the automobile
purchasers on its contractual obligations and considers the current financial position of the automobile purchasers and its likely future development.
The Company manages the credit risk of automobile purchasers by performing preliminary credit checks of each automobile purchaser and ongoing
monitoring every month. By using the current credit loss model, management is of the opinion that the Company is bearing the credit risk to repay the
principal and interests to the financial institutions if automobile purchasers default on their payments for more than three months. Management also
periodically re-evaluates probability of default of automobile purchasers to make adjustments in the allowance when necessary.
However, as the Company commenced the automobile transaction and related services for less than one year, there was no sufficient historic default data
and other information to make an estimate on the expected credit losses. Historically, most of the automobile purchasers would pay the Company their
previous defaulted amounts within one to three months. For the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not provide provisions for the guarantee
services. As at March 31, 2019, the maximum contingent liabilities the Company exposed to would be $11,548,000 if all the automobile purchasers
defaulted, among which $797,400 would be due to investors of online lending platform operated by Sichuan Senmiao. Automobiles are used as collateral
to secure the payment obligations of the automobile purchasers under the financing agreements. The Company estimated the fair market value of the
collateral to be approximately $10,152,000 as at March 31, 2019, based on the market price and the useful life of such collateral, which represents about
88% of the contingent liabilities.
c.
In measuring the credit risk of accounts receivables due from the automobile purchasers (the “customers”), the Company mainly reflects the “probability
of default” by the customer on its contractual obligations and considers the current financial position of the customer and the risk exposures to the
customer and its likely future development. However, as the Company commenced the automobile transaction and related services for less than one year,
there was no sufficient historic default data and other information to make an estimate on the expected credit losses. Historically, most of the automobile
purchasers would pay the Company their previously defaulted amounts within one to three months. The Company would provide full provisions on
accounts receivable if the customers default on repayments for over three months. For the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company determined no
provision was recorded for accounts receivable.
F-20
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 125 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(t) Significant risks and uncertainties
2) Liquidity risk
The Company is also exposed to liquidity risk, which may limit the Company’s ability to access capital resources and have liquidity to meet its commitments
and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, the Company
will turn to other financial institutions and the stockholders to obtain short-term funds to meet the liquidity requirements.
3) Foreign currency risk
As of March 31, 2019, substantially all of the Company’s operating activities and major assets and liabilities, except for the cash deposit of approximately
$1,950,000 in U.S. dollars, are denominated in RMB, which are not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place
through either the Peoples’ Bank of China (“PBOC”) or other authorized financial institutions at exchange rates quoted by PBOC. Approval of foreign
currency payments by the PBOC or other regulatory institutions requires a payment application together with invoices and signed contracts. The value of
RMB is subject to change in central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the China
Foreign Exchange Trading System market. When there is a significant change in value of RMB, the gains and losses resulting from translation of financial
statements of a foreign subsidiary will be significant affected.
4) VIE risk
It is possible that the VIE Agreements among Sichuan Senmiao, Senmiao Consulting, and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders would not be enforced in China
if the PRC government or courts consider those contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the
event that the Company were unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, the Company would not be able to exert effective control over Sichuan
Senmiao. Consequently, Sichuan Senmiao’s results of operations, assets and liabilities would not be included in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements. As a result, the Company’s cash flows, financial position, and operating performance would be materially and adversely affected. The Company’s
contractual arrangements with Sichuan Senmiao, Senmiao Consulting, and the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders are approved and in place. Management
believes that such contracts are enforceable, and considers it is less likely that PRC regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the Company’s operations and
contractual relationships would find the contracts unenforceable.
Sichuan Senmiao has the customer relationship the workforce for the Company’s online lending business, the costs of which are expensed as incurred. Though
the Company’s operations and businesses do not rely on the operations and businesses of Sichuan Senmiao, they may be partially adversely impacted if
Sichuan Senmiao continue to incur losses.
F-21
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 126 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(v) Recently issued accounting standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASC Topic 842), with additional amendments and targeted improvements being issued during
2018. This update supersedes existing lease accounting guidance found under ASC 840, Leases (“ASC 840”) and requires the recognition of right-to-use
assets and lease obligations by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases under existing lease guidance. Leases will be classified as either
finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Short term leases with a term of 12 months or less are not required to be
recognized. The update also requires qualitative and quantitative disclosure of key information regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows
arising from leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among companies. The accounting for lessors does not fundamentally change
with this update except for changes to conform and align guidance to the lessee guidance as well as to the new revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09.
This update is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning April 1, 2019.
The Company will adopt the guidance for its fiscal year beginning April 1, 2019 and will apply the transition option, whereby prior comparative periods will
not be retrospectively presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company will also elect the package of practical expedients not to reassess prior
conclusions related to contracts containing leases, lease classification and initial direct costs and the lessee practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease
components for certain asset classes (real estate and embedded lease arrangements). The Company will also make a policy election to not recognize right-of-
use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all asset classes. The Company will elect the package of practical expedients from both the Lessee and
Lessor prospective, to the extent applicable.
Lessee accounting - the Company estimates the adoption of this update will result in an increase in assets and related liabilities of approximately $498,935
(approximately $549,207 undiscounted), primarily related to leases of facilities.
Lessor accounting - the Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Also beginning upon adoption, the Company will classify all cash flows from the addition of and repayment of finance lease receivables within operating
activities in its consolidated statements of cash flow. Previously, the Company separately classified its flows from addition of finance lease receivables and
repayment of finance lease receivables within investing activities and operating activities, respectively. Additionally, as both a lessor and lessee, the Company
will be providing new disclosures in respect to its leases.
In December 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842):
Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors. The amendments clarify or simplify certain narrow aspects of ASC 842 for lessors. Specifically: 1) The
amendments provide an accounting policy election whereby lessors may choose not to evaluate whether certain sales taxes and other similar taxes are lessor
costs or lessee costs. Instead, lessors making the election will account for those costs as if they are lessee costs, i.e., through the balance sheet instead of the
income statement. 2) Lessors will exclude from variable payments, and therefore revenue, lessor costs paid by lessees directly to third parties. Conversely,
lessors will include in variable payments, and therefore revenue, such costs that are paid by the lessor and reimbursed by the lessee, and 3) Regarding
contracts with lease and nonlease components, lessors will allocate certain variable payments to the lease and nonlease components when the changes in facts
and circumstances on which the variable payment is based occur. The amount of variable payments allocated to the lease components will be recognized in
profit or loss, while the amount of variable payments allocated to nonlease components will be recognized in accordance with other GAAP. If an entity has
not yet adopted the new leases standard, it must adopt ASU 2018-20 concurrently with the leases standard. If an entity has previously adopted the new leases
standard, specific transition requirements apply. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its
consolidated financial statements.
F-22
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 127 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(v) Recently issued accounting standards (continued)
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities.
ASU 2018-17 expands the accounting alternative that allows private companies the election not to apply the variable interest entity guidance to qualifying
common control leasing arrangements. ASU 2018-17 broadens the scope of the private company alternative to include all common control arrangements that
meet specific criteria (not just leasing arrangements). ASU 2018-17 also eliminates the requirement that entities consider indirect interests held through related
parties under common control in their entirety when assessing whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. Instead, the reporting entity will consider
such indirect interests on a proportionate basis. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted.
The Company is currently assessing the timing and impact of adopting the updated provisions to its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework (Topic 820). The updated guidance improves the
disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The updated guidance if effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years,
beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the timing and
impact of adopting the updated provisions to its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions resulting
from expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services
from non-employees. Some of the areas for simplification apply only to nonpublic entities. The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based
payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment
awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2)
awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with
Customers. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year.
Early adoption is permitted. The Company do not plan to early adopt this ASU. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of this updated
guidance, and do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax
Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2018-02”), which provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify
stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal
corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU 2018-02 is permitted, including adoption in
any interim period for the public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The amendments in this ASU
should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate
income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its
consolidated financial statements.
F-23
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 128 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
(v) Recently issued accounting standards (continued)
In June 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance ASU 2016-13 for recognition of credit losses on financial instruments, which is effective January 1,
2020, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. The guidance introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss
(“CECL”) model, which is based on expected losses, and differs significantly from the incurred loss approach used today. The CECL model requires
measurement of expected credit losses not only based on historical experience and current conditions, but also by including reasonable and supportable
forecasts incorporating forward-looking information and will likely result in earlier recognition of credit reserves. The Company does not intend to adopt the
new standard early and is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows; however, it
is expected that the new CECL model will alter the assumptions used in calculating credit losses on loans, finance lease receivables, other receivables,
prepayments, contingent liabilities from guarantee services, among other financial instruments, and may result in material changes to the Company’s credit
reserves.
CECL adoption will have broad impact on the financial statements of financial services firms, which will affect key profitability and solvency measures. Some
of the more notable expected changes include:
-
-
-
Higher allowance on financial guarantee reserve and finance lease receivable levels and related deferred tax assets. While different asset types will be
impacted differently, the expectation is that reserve levels will generally increase across the board for all financial firms.
Increased reserve levels may lead to a reduction in capital levels.
As a result of higher reserving levels, the expectation is that CECL will reduce cyclicality in financial firms’ results, as higher reserving in “good times”
will mean that less dramatic reserve increases will be loan related income (which will continue to be recognized on a periodic basis based on the effective
interest method) and the related credit losses (which will be recognized up front at origination). This will make periods of loan expansion seem less
profitable due to the immediate recognition of expected credit losses. Periods of stable or declining loan levels will look comparatively profitable as the
income trickles in for loans, where losses had been previously recognized.
(w) Recently adopted accounting standards
On November 22, 2017, the FASB ASU No. 2017-14, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Revenue Recognition Topic 605),
and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116 and SEC Release
33-10403.” The ASU amends various paragraphs in ASC 220, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income; ASC 605, Revenue Recognition; and
ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers, that contain SEC guidance. The amendments include superseding ASC 605-10-S25-1 (SAB Topic 13) as
a result of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 116 and adding ASC 606-10-S25-1 as a result of SEC Release No. 33-10403. The adoption of this guidance did
not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the
consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows of the Company.
F-24
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 129 of 162
3. ACQUISITION OF HUNAN RUIXI AND ITS VIE
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On November 21, 2018, the Company entered into the Investment Agreement with Hunan Ruixi and the Hunan Ruixi Shareholders. Pursuant to the
Investment Agreement, among other things, the Company acquired from the Hunan Ruixi Shareholders an aggregate of 60% of the outstanding equity interest
in Hunan Ruixi for no consideration. The Company closed the acquisition on November 22, 2018 and agreed to make a capital contribution of $6,000,000 to
Hunan Ruixi, representing 60% of its registered capital, in accordance with the Investment Agreement. As of March 31, 2019, the Company made cash
contributions totaling $5,000,000 to Hunan Ruixi. The Company is entitled to vote and receive profits based on its equity interest ownership in Hunan Ruixi
and has a right of first refusal for any issuance of new equity of Hunan Ruixi.
The acquisition had been accounted for as a business combination and the results of operations of Hunan Ruixi have been included in the Company's
consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. The Company made estimates and judgments in determining the fair value of acquired assets and
liabilities, based on an independent valuation report and management's experiences with similar assets and liabilities. The following table summarizes the fair
values for major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
Net assets acquired (i)
Gain from acquisition of Hunan Ruixi and its subsidiary
Noncontrolling interests (ii)
Total purchase consideration
Fair value
63,965
-
-
-
$
$
(i) Net assets acquired primarily include cash and cash equivalents of $213,645, other current assets of $1,813,821, property and equipment of $107,865,
other current liabilities of $711,303 and borrowings from related parties and affiliates of $785,231, and borrowings from financial institutions of
$554,802.
(ii) Fair value of the noncontrolling interests is estimated with reference to the purchase price per share as of the acquisition date.
4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The classification of accounts receivable is based on whether the due date is within 12 months from the initiation of the transaction. As of March 31, 2019 and
2018, accounts receivable were comprised of the following:
Receivables of transaction fees due from borrowers
Receivables of services fees due from automobile purchasers
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
126,272
199,909
-
326,181
$
$
-
-
-
-
As of March 31, 2019, the management evaluated individual customer’s financial condition, credit history and the current economic conditions and
determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary for accounts receivable.
F-25
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 130 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
5.
INVENTORIES
Automobiles (i)
March 31,
2019
1,508,244
$
March 31,
2018
$
-
(i) As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned 41 automobiles with a total value of $670,122 for leasing purposes and 93 automobiles with a total value of
$838,122 for sale.
As of March 31, 2019, the management compared the cost of automobiles with their net realizable value and determined no inventory write-down was
necessary for these automobiles.
6. PREPAYMENTS, RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the prepayments, receivables and other assets were comprised of the following:
Due from automobile purchasers (i)
Prepayments for automobiles (ii)
Deposits
Value added tax (“VAT”) recoverable (iii)
Deferred issuance costs pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (iv)
Prepaid expenses
Loans to employees
Others
(i) Due from automobile purchasers
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
2,564,834
394,821
294,986
228,196
149,696
112,147
-
48,788
3,793,468
$
$
-
-
-
-
44,861
2,718
22,842
70,421
The balance due from automobile purchasers represented the payment of automobiles and related insurances and taxes made on behalf of the automobile
purchasers. The balance is expected to be collected from the automobile purchasers in installments. As of March 31, 2019, the Company recorded
allowance of $2,995 against doubtful receivables.
(ii) Prepayments for automobiles
The balance represented amounts advanced to dealers for automobiles and to other third parties for automobiles related taxes and insurances.
(iii) VAT recoverable
The balance of VAT recoverable represented the amount to be utilized to offset the Company’s future value added taxes arising from sales of goods.
F-26
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 131 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6. PREPAYMENTS, RECEIVABLES AND OTHER ASSETS (CONTINUED)
(iv) Deferred issuance costs pursuant to Registration Statement on Form S-3
On April 15, 2019, the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 registering up to $80,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of its common
stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units were declared effective. The deferred issuance costs pursuant to Form S-3 represented
the direct and incremental costs related to the registered direct offering closed on June 21, 2019. The deferred issuance costs would be netted against the
gross proceeds of the offering on the effective date of the offering.
7.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the intangible assets consisted of customer relationship, platform and software.
Customer relationship
Platform
Software
Less: Accumulated amortization
Intangible assets, net
Useful
life
10
7
5-7
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
392,618
1,107,616
80,856
1,581,090
(1,284,999)
296,091
$
$
419,573
2,492,976
84,545
2,997,094
(1,043,871)
1,953,223
Amortization expense totaled $308,043 and $659,558 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
For the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded impairment loss of $1,225,073 on the platform and the related software, and $2,000,175
on the platform, respectively.
The following table sets forth the Company’s amortization expenses for the five years ending March 31:
Twelve months ending March 31, 2020
Twelve months ending March 31, 2021
Twelve months ending March 31, 2022
Twelve months ending March 31, 2023
Twelve months ending March 31, 2024 and thereafter
8. PREPAYMENTS FOR INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Amortization
expenses
$
$
39,610
39,610
39,610
39,610
137,651
296,091
As of March 31, 2019, the balance of prepayments for intangible assets of $470,706 represented the advance payments for the development of software to be
used in the Company’s online lending platform of $190,706 and the software to be used in the automobile transaction and related services of $280,000. The
balance will be recognized as intangible assets and amortized over the estimated useful life upon the completion of installation and testing of the software.
F-27
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 132 of 162
9. BORROWINGS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, CURRENT AND NONCURRENT
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The borrowings from certain financial institutions represented the difference between the actual proceeds disbursed by the financial institutions to Jinkailong
and the total principal to be responsible for and repaid by the automobile purchasers. Such borrowings totaled $396,946 bearing interest rates ranging between
6.2% and 8.1% per annum at March 31, 2019, of which $177,789 is to be repaid over a period of 13 to 24 months.
The interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $12,799.
10. BORROWINGS FROM THIRD PARTIES
Borrowings from third parties
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
476,765
$
-
The borrowings from third parties bear an interest rate of 7.89% per annum and are due from June 2019 through July 2019. The interest expense for the year
ended March 31, 2019 was $7,590.
11. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES
Accrued payroll and welfare
Other payable (i)
Loan repayments received on behalf of financial institutions (ii)
Payables for expenditures on automobile transaction and related services
Accrued expenses
Customer deposits
Other taxes payable
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
614,765
247,335
169,657
157,382
198,456
82,232
30,976
1,500,803
$
$
195,695
194,943
-
-
-
8,495
5,471
404,604
(i) The balance of other payable represented amount due to suppliers and vendors for operation purposes.
(ii) The balance of loan repayments received on behalf of financial institutions represented the loan repayments made by the automobile purchasers to
financial institutions through the Company, which has not been paid to the financial institutions as of March 31, 2019.
F-28
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 133 of 162
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has made employee benefit contributions in accordance with relevant PRC regulations, including retirement insurance, unemployment
insurance, medical insurance, housing fund, work injury insurance and maternity insurance. The Company has recorded the contribution in salary and
employee charges when incurred. The contributions made by the Company were $106,301 and $37,136 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018,
respectively.
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not make adequate employee benefit contributions in the amount of $403,646 and $150,205. The Company
accrued the amount in accrued payroll and welfare.
13. EQUITY
Warrants
The registration statement relating to the Company’s IPO also included the underwriters’ common stock purchase warrants to purchase 337,940 shares of
common stock (“Underwriter’s Warrants”). Each five-year warrant entitles warrant holder to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at the price
of $4.80 per share and is not exercisable for a period of 180 days from March 16, 2018. On March 15, 2019, the underwriters elected to exercise 300,000
shares of the Purchase Warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for common stock. On April 5, 2019, the Company issued a total of 65,855 shares of common
stock to the underwriters as a result of the cashless exercise of 300,000 Underwriter’s Warrants. As the date of the issuance of these financial statements, there
were 37,940 Underwriter’s Warrants outstanding.
Restricted Stock Units
On July 31, 2018, the board of directors of the Company approved the issuance of 5,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to each of the five directors as stock
compensation for their services for the Company’s fiscal year ending March 31, 2019. Total RSUs granted to the five directors were 25,000 for an aggregate
fair value of $117,750. Pursuant to the Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreements (“Award Agreements”) on August 3, 2018, the RSUs vest in four equal
quarterly installments on August 3, 2018, April 1, 2019, July 1, 2019 and October 1, 2019 or in full upon the occurrence of a change in control of the
Company, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Award Agreements, provided that the director remains in service as a director through the
applicable vesting date. The RSUs will be settled by the Company’s issuance of shares of common stock in certificated or uncertificated form upon the earlier
of (i) a change in control and (ii) the director’s cessation as a director of the Company due to a “separation of service” within the meaning of Section 409A of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the director’s death or disability.
As of March 31, 2019, the first installment of RSUs has vested and the Company accounted for the vested RSUs as an addition to both expenses and
additional paid-in capital. The fair value of the vested RSUs is calculated at the grant date market price of the Company’s common stock multiplying by the
number of vested shares.
A summary of RSU activity for the year ended March 31, 2019 is as follows:
Balance of RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2018
Grants of RSUs
Vested RSUs
Forfeited RSUs
Balance of unvested RSUs at March 31, 2019
F-29
Weighted-Average
Grant
Date Fair
Value
Number of
Shares
-
25,000
(6,250)
(7,500)
11,250 $
-
4.42
4.42
4.42
4.42
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 134 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Restricted Stock Units (continued)
Total compensation expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $44,200. Two directors ceased to serve on the board since November 8,
2018, and as a result 7,500 RSUs were forfeited during the year ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the other three directors remained on the board
and the Company has an aggregate of 11,250 of unrecognized RSUs as of March 31, 2019 to be expensed over a weighted average period of six months.
Equity Incentive Plan
At the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company held on November 8, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2018 Equity
Incentive Plan for employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates. A committee consisting of at least two independent
directors appointed by the board of directors or in the absence of such a committee, the board of directors, will be responsible for the general administration of
the Equity Incentive Plan. All awards granted under the Equity Incentive Plan will be governed by separate award agreements between the Company and the
participants. As of the date of this report, no awards have been granted under the plan.
Registered Direct Offering
On April 15, 2019, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) declared effective the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, pursuant to
which, along with the accompanying prospectus, the Company registered up to $80,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of its common stock, preferred
stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units. On June 21, 2019, the Company closed a registered direct public offering (the “Offering”) of an aggregate
of 1,781,361 shares of its common stock, and in connection therewith, issued to the investors (i) for no additional consideration, Series A warrants to purchase
up to an aggregate of 1,336,021 shares of common stock and (iii) for nominal additional consideration, Series B warrants to purchase up to a maximum
aggregate of 1,116,320 shares of common stock. The Company sold the shares of common stock at a price of $3.38 per share (the “Share Purchase Price”).
The Company received gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, of approximately
$6,000,000.
The Series A warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $3.72 per share and will expire on the fourth (4th) anniversary of the
original issue date.
The Series B warrants are pre-funded warrants and are being issued as a true-up with respect to the shares of common stock. The maximum aggregate number
of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B warrants is 1,116,320. Initially, the Series B warrants shall not be exercisable for any shares
of common stock. In that event that on the fiftieth (50th) day after the closing date (the “Adjustment Measuring Time”), the closing price of the common stock
is less than the Share Purchase Price, then the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Series B warrants shall be adjusted (upward or
downward, as applicable) to the greater of (i) zero (0) and (ii) such aggregate number of shares of common stock equal to fifty percent (50%) of the difference
of (A) the quotient of (x) the Share Purchase Price divided by (y) the Market Price (as defined in Purchase Agreement) as of the Adjustment Measuring Time,
less (B) the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued to the investors at the closing (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, share
combinations, recapitalizations and similar events).
F-30
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 135 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. INCOME TAXES
The United States of America
The Company is incorporated in the State of Nevada in the U.S., and is subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes. The State of Nevada does not impose
any state corporate income tax.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law, which has made significant changes to the Internal Revenue
Code. Those changes include, but are not limited to, a U.S. corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31,
2017, the transition of U.S international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation
of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. As the Company has a March 31 fiscal year end, the lower corporate income tax rate will be phased
in, resulting in a U.S. statutory federal rate of approximately 31.5% for its fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, and 21% for subsequent fiscal years.
Accordingly, the Company reevaluated its deferred tax assets on net operating loss carryforward in the U.S and concluded there was no effect on the
Company’s income tax expenses as the Company has no deferred tax assets generated since inception.
Additionally, the Tax Act imposes a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of historical earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and future foreign earnings
are subject to U.S. taxation. The change in rate has caused the Company to reevaluate all U.S. deferred income tax assets and liabilities for temporary
differences and net operating loss carryforwards and recorded one time income tax payable to be paid in 8 years. However, this one-time transition tax has no
effect on the Company’s income tax expenses as the Company has no undistributed foreign earnings prior to March 31, 2019, because the Company has
cumulative foreign losses as of March 31, 2019.
The Company’s net operating loss for the year ended March 31, 2019 amounted to approximately $1.09 million. As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s net
operating loss carryforward for U.S. income taxes was approximately $1.07 million. The net operating loss carryforward is available to reduce future years’
taxable income through year 2037. Management believes that the utilization of the benefit from this loss appears uncertain due to the Company’s operating
history. Accordingly, the Company has recorded a 100% valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset to reduce the deferred tax assets to zero on the
consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, valuation allowances for deferred tax assets were approximately $0.27 million and $0.04
million, respectively. Management reviews the valuation allowance periodically and makes changes accordingly.
PRC
Senmiao Consulting and Sichuan Senmiao are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC
income tax laws. The EIT rate for companies operating in the PRC is 25%.
Income taxes in the PRC are consist of:
Current income tax expenses
Deferred income tax expenses
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
$
$
21,905
-
21,905
$
$
-
-
-
F-31
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 136 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
PRC (continued)
As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of $4,793,657 and $1,512,341, respectively, which will expire in 2023.
The Company reviews deferred tax assets for a valuation allowance based upon whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be fully
realized. At March 31, 2019 and 2018, full valuation allowance is provided against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their
realization.
The tax effects of temporary differences from continuing operations that give rise to the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:
Net operating loss carryforwards in the PRC
Net operating loss carryforwards in the U.S.
Less: valuation allowance
Below is a reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate:
PRC statutory tax rate
Tax rate difference in other jurisdiction
Non-deductible expenses
Non-deductible impairments for intangibles and goodwill
Valuation allowance on deferred income tax asset
15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
1.
Related Party Balances
1) Due from related parties
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
886,176
272,258
(1,158,434)
-
$
$
378,085
43,021
(421,106)
-
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
$
$
$
25%
(1.0)%
(0.1)%
(6.7)%
(17.7)%
(0.5)% $
25%
(0.1)%
0%
(22.5)%
(2.4)%
0%
All balances due from related parties represent operation costs of these related parties paid by the Company on behalf of them, amounts received by the
Company on behalf of a related party for refund of insurance claims, and amounts collected by these related parties on behalf of the Company from the
automobile purchasers, including certain installment payments and facilitation fees. The balances due from related parties were all non-interest bearing and
due on demand.
F-32
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 137 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
2) Due to stockholders
This is comprised of amounts payable to two stockholders in 2019 (three in 2018) and are unsecured, interest free and due on demand.
3) Due to related parties and affiliates
Loan payable to related parties (i)
Other payables due to related parties (ii)
Others
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
$
$
95,781
297,978
22,172
415,931
$
$
-
-
-
-
(i) As of March 31, 2019, the balances represented borrowings from the two related parties. Both balances have an interest rate of 10% per annum and are
due in the fiscal year of 2020. Interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $2,579.
(ii) As of March 31, 2019, the balance represented borrowings from two related parties, who obtained borrowings from the online P2P lending platform of
Sichuan Senmiao and then loaned the money to Jinkailong. Both balances have an interest rate of 8.22% per annum and are due in the fiscal year of
2020. The balances due to related parties were fully paid off on April 8, 2019 and April 12, 2019, respectively.
2. Related Party Transactions
Management and pre-IPO stockholders of the Company have invested in loans through the platform using their personal funds. The Company received service
fees from its management and stockholders in the amount of $530 and $1,363, respectively, for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
In December 2017, the Company entered into loan agreements with two stockholders, who agreed to grant a line of credit of approximating $955,000 and
$159,000, respectively, for five years to the Company. The line of credit was non-interest bearing, effective from January 2017. During the year ended March
31, 2019, the Company repaid $500,000 to one of the stockholders.
During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company paid listing expenses and stamp taxes on behalf of two stockholders who agreed to pay part of the
Company’s IPO expenses, in the amount of $62,806 and $7,881, respectively. The Company accounted for those expenses as a deduction against the amount
due to the stockholders.
F-33
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 138 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES (CONTINUED)
2. Related party transactions (continued)
During the year end March 31, 2017, the Company entered into two office lease agreements with a stockholder, both with the same term from January 1, 2017
to January 1, 2020. For the year ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid $113,742 and $86,405 in rent, respectively, to the stockholder.
In November 2018, Hunan Ruixi entered into an office lease agreement with Hunna Dingchentai Investment Co., Ltd. ("Dingchentai"), a company where one
of our independent directors serves as legal representative and general manager. The term of the lease agreement is from November 1, 2018 to October 31,
2023 and the rent is approximately $44,250 per year, payable on a quarterly basis. For the year ended March 31, 2019, Hunan Ruixi paid $13,597 in rent to
Dingchentai. This lease agreement was terminated on July 1, 2019.
Before the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, five related parties of Jinkailong borrowed funds of $747,647 through the online P2P lending platform of Sichuan
Senmiao and then loaned the money to Jinkailong. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company repaid an aggregate of $442,132 to three of them.
The table below sets forth the detailed information on the transactions and related parties.
Name of related parties
Chengdu Mashangchuxing Automobile Leasing Co.,
Ltd.
Sichuan Yudinxin Huanya Technology Co., Ltd.
Chengdu Laobingchuxing Automobile Leasing Co.,
Ltd.
Sichuan Dinhengxin Automobile Services Co., Ltd.
Chengdu Jinkailong Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.
Relationship with the Company
An entity controlled by Ms. Xi Yang and Mr. Yiqiang
He (i)
An entity over which Ms. Xi Yang owns 45%
shareholding and exercises significant influence
An entity controlled by Ms. Xi Yang
Ms. Xi Yang
An entity controlled by Mr. Xiaoliang Chen (ii)
(i) Mr. Yiqiang He is a principal shareholder of Jinkailong. Ms. Xi Yang is his spouse.
(ii) Mr. Xiaoliang Chen is a principal shareholder of Jinkailong.
Loan amount
Outstanding balance
as of March 31, 2019
149,529
149,529
149,529
149,529
149,529
148,989
148,989
-
-
-
Those loans bore interest rates ranging from 7.68% to 8.22% per annum and the interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $7,047.
Before the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, Jinkailong obtained a loan through the online P2P lending platform of Sichuan Senmiao. The loan had an interest rate
of 8.22% per annum and the interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3,863. The loan was repaid in full in February 2019.
16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
1) Lease Commitments
During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company terminated five lease agreements for its offices and three apartments expiring through January 20, 2020.
No penalties were imposed upon the termination of these lease agreements. In addition, the Company leased its offices under nine lease agreements expiring
through December 2023 and leased three apartments for management members under three leases expiring through May 2020. The following table sets forth
the Company’s lease obligations as of March 31, 2019 in future periods:
Year ending March 31, 2020
Year ending March 31, 2021
Year ending March 31, 2022
Year ending March 31, 2023
Year ending March 31, 2024 and thereafter
Rental payments
206,552
$
145,108
32,407
6,150
1,614
391,831
$
Rental expenses totaled $195,686 and $122,741 for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
2) Purchase Commitments
As of March 31, 2019, Hunan Ruixi entered a purchase contract with an automobile dealer for the purchase of a total 50 automobiles in the aggregate purchase
price of approximately $0.3 million.
Subsequent to March 31, 2019 through the date of issuance of these financial statements, Hunan Ruixi entered into another six purchase contracts with
automobile dealers for the purchase of a total 226 automobiles in the aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.7 million. Yicheng Financial Leasing Co.,
Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company formed in May 2019, entered into two purchase contracts with automobile dealers for the purchase of a total
450 automobiles in the aggregate purchase price of approximately $4.8 million. These transactions will be completed in 2019.
F-34
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 139 of 162
17. SEGMENT INFORMATION
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company presents segment information after elimination of inter-company transactions. In general, revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses are
directly attributable, or are allocated, to each segment. The Company allocates costs and expenses that are not directly attributable to a specific segment, such
as those that support infrastructure across different segments, to different segments mainly on the basis of usage, revenue or headcount, depending on the
nature of the relevant costs and expenses. The Company does not allocate assets to its segments as the CODM does not evaluate the performance of segments
using asset information.
The following tables present the summary of each segment's revenue, loss from operations, loss before income taxes and net loss which is considered as a
segment operating performance measure, for the year ended March 31, 2019:
For the Years Ended March 31, 2019
Revenues
Income / (Loss) from operations
Loss before income taxes
Net loss
$
$
$
$
Details of the Company's revenue by segment are set out in Note 2(p).
Online Lending
Services
Automobile
Transaction and
Related Services
$
2,551,107
$
369,956
87,890
(3,378,157) $
$
(9,942) $
(3,358,842) $
(31,847) $
(3,358,842) $
Unallocated
Consolidated
-
$
(1,158,645) $
(1,151,836) $
(1,151,836) $
2,921,063
(4,448,912)
(4,520,620)
(4,542,525)
As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s total assets were comprised of $1,695,391 for online lending services, $7,580,070 for automobile transaction and
related services, and $3,038,674 unallocated.
As substantially all of the Company's long-lived assets are located in the PRC and substantially all of the Company's revenue is derived from within the PRC,
no geographical information is presented.
F-35
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 140 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
18. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Due from investors
Prepayments, receivables and other assets
Escrow receivable
Total Current Assets
Other Assets
Prepayments for intangible assets
Escrow receivable
Investments in subsidiaries
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Total Liabilities
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock (par value $0.0001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 25,945,255 shares issued and
outstanding at March 31, 2019 and 2018)
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Total Stockholders’ Equity
Noncontrolling interests
Total Equity
Total Liabilities and Equity
F-36
March 31,
2019
March 31,
2018
1,950,347
1,900,000
208,327
600,000
4,658,674
280,000
-
3,726,240
8,664,914
$
$
10,961,071
-
39,964
-
11,001,035
-
1,200,000
830,562
13,031,597
282,172
$
152,927
2,595
23,833,112
(15,031,538)
(428,771)
8,375,398
2,588
23,611,512
(10,481,669)
(253,761)
12,878,670
7,344
8,382,742
8,664,914
$
-
12,878,670
13,031,597
$
$
$
$
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 141 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
18. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
General and administrative expenses
Other income, net
Equity of losses in subsidiaries
Net loss
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Comprehensive loss attributable to stockholders
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Equity of losses of subsidiaries
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepayments, receivables and other assets
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Deposits in intangible assets
Working capital contribution for subsidiaries
Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net Proceeds from issuance of common stock in initial public offering
Proceeds from exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option
Proceeds borrowed from stockholders
Repayment of borrowing to stockholders
Release of escrow
Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year
Supplemental Cash Flows Information:
Income tax paid
Interest paid
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
IPO issuance costs net against additional paid-in capital
Escrow in connection with IPO
IPO expenses paid by the Company’s stockholders
F-37
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
(1,098,416) $
6,810
(3,450,919)
(4,542,525)
(7,344)
(175,010)
(4,724,879) $
2018
(204,864)
-
(9,654,108)
(9,858,972)
-
854,001
(9,004,971)
$
$
For the Years Ended March 31,
2019
2018
$
(4,542,525) $
(9,858,972)
3,450,919
9,654,108
(168,362)
129,090
(1,130,948)
(280,000)
(6,300,000)
(6,580,000)
-
-
154
(1,900,000)
600,000
(1,299,846)
(9,010,724)
10,961,071
1,950,347
-
-
-
-
70,687
$
$
$
$
$
$
(39,964)
81,927
(162,901)
-
-
-
9,641,604
1,411,368
71,000
-
-
11,123,972
10,961,071
-
10,961,071
-
-
1,264,628
1,200,000
67,277
$
$
$
$
$
$
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 142 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
18. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
a) Basis of presentation
The condensed financial information of Senmiao Technology Limited, has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the consolidated
financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have
been condensed or omitted by reference to the consolidated financial statements.
b) Investments in subsidiaries and equity of loss in subsidiaries
The investments in subsidiaries consist of investments in Senmiao Consulting and Hunan Ruixi. The equity losses in subsidiaries consist of equity loss in
Senmiao Consulting and Hunan Ruixi.
c) Stockholders’ equity
On September 18, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 45,000,000 shares of common stock to the Sichuan Senmiao Shareholders. The Company
recorded $4,500 for the issuance of the shares.
On January 29, 2018, the Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of
common stock. As a result, the number of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock was reduced to 22,500,000. The discussion and
presentation of financial statements herein accounted for the Restructuring retroactively.
On March 16, 2018, the Company closed its IPO of 3,000,000 shares of common stock. On March 28, 2018, the Company sold additional 379,400 shares of
common stock upon exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The public offering price of the shares sold in the IPO was $4.00 per share. The total
gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $13.5 million. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable
by the Company, the aggregate net proceeds received by the Company totaled approximately $12.2 million.
F-38
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 143 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
18. PARENT-ONLY FINANCIALS (CONTINUED)
(c) Stockholders’ equity (continued)
On July 31, 2018, the board of directors of the Company approved the issuance of 5,000 RSUs to each of the five directors as stock compensation for their
services for the Company’s fiscal year ending March 31, 2019. Total RSUs granted to the five directors were 25,000 for an aggregate fair value of $117,750.
Pursuant to the Award Agreements signed by the Company and each director on August 3, 2018, the RSUs vest in four equal quarterly installments on August
3, 2018, April 1, 2019, July 1, 2019 and October 1, 2019 or in full upon the occurrence of a change in control of the Company, subject to the terms and
conditions set forth in the Award Agreements, provided that the director remains in service as a director through the applicable vesting date. Two directors
ceased to serve on the board since November 8, 2018, and as a result 7,500 RSUs were forfeited during the year ended March 31, 2019. The Company has an
aggregate of 11,250 of unrecognized RSUs as of March 31, 2019 to be expensed over a weighted average period of six months. Total compensation expense
for the year ended March 31, 2019 was approximately $44,200.
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
1) Formation of a new subsidiary
The Company formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Yicheng Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. ("Yicheng”), with a registered capital of $50 million in Chengdu in
May 2019. Yicheng obtained its business licenses of automobiles sale and financial leasing on May 5, 2019. Yicheng has been engaged in automobile sales
since June 2019.
2) Entry into a material definitive agreement
On May 16, 2019, Jinkailong entered into a business cooperation agreement (the “Intercity Agreement”) with Sichuan Feiniu Automobile Transportation Co.,
Ltd. (“Feiniu”), a provider of intercity passenger transportation and freight logistics services.
Pursuant to the Intercity Agreement, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, Jinkailong agreed to provide automobile
and driver sourcing as Feiniu’s exclusive business partner for Feiniu’s intercity carpool business in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China from May 16, 2019 to
May 15, 2022. In return, Feiniu agreed to pay Jinkailong 30% of the consulting service fee Feiniu receives under the Didi Agreement for the proportion of
automobiles supplied by Jinkailong. For any delay in payment, Feiniu shall pay to Jinkailong a daily penalty fee of 0.01% of its monthly payment to
Jinkailong. In addition, during the term of the Intercity Agreement, Jinkailong agreed to refer no less than 30% of its customers to subscribe Feiniu’s
automobile management services, including automobile purchase, title registration, insurance purchase and financing.
F-39
Date: 07/03/2019 09:40 PM
Toppan Vintage
Project: tv524097 Form Type: 10-K
Client: tv524097_Senmiao Technology Ltd_10-K
File: tv524097_10k.htm Type: 10-K Pg: 144 of 162
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTINUED)
3) Employment agreement with Mr. Xi Wen
On May 26, 2019, the board of directors of the Company approved a compensation package (“Compensation Arrangement”) for Xi Wen, Chief Executive
Officer of the Company and Executive Director of Sichuan Senmiao. On May 27, 2019, the Company and Mr. Wen entered into an employment agreement
(the “Employment Agreement”) to memorialize the Compensation Arrangement and the other terms of Mr. Wen’s continuing employment with the Company
and Sichuan Senmiao.
Under the Compensation Arrangement, Mr. Wen is entitled to (i) an annual salary of US$100,000 for his service as Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
payable quarterly in arrears, starting upon the Company’s receipt of proceeds from a financing of at least $1,000,000; (ii) an annual salary of RMB 600,000
(approximately US$86,877) for his service as the Executive Director for Sichuan Senmiao, payable monthly in arrears starting upon the Company’s receipt of
proceeds from a financing of at least $1 million; and (iii) a cash bonus of up to US$50,000 for his services as Chief Executive Officer of the Company for the
fiscal year ending March 31, 2020 upon satisfaction of the performance targets as reviewed by the Compensation Committee.
Under the Employment Agreement, Mr. Wen is entitled to the compensation as described above, and is also entitled to participate in the Company’s equity
incentive plans and other Company benefits (including health insurance, vacation and expense reimbursement), each in accordance with the Company’s
policies as determined by the board of directors from time to time. The Employment Agreement has an initial term of three years and is subject to successive,
automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30 days prior to the end of the applicable term.
4) Closing of a registered direct offering
On June 21, 2019, the Company closed a registered direct public offering of an aggregate of 1,781,361 shares of common stock, and in connection therewith,
issued to the investors (i) for no additional consideration, Series A warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,336,021 shares of common stock and (iii) for
nominal additional consideration, Series B warrants to purchase up to a maximum aggregate of 1,116,320 shares of common stock. The Company sold the
shares of common stock at a price of $3.38 per share. The Company received gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting estimated offering expenses
payable by the Company, of approximately $6,000,000.
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Item 9
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management,
including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) (the “Exchange Act”). Based on the foregoing evaluation, our principal executive
officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable
assurance level due to the material weaknesses described below.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and
principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, based on the
Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) (2013
Framework). Based on this evaluation under the 2013 Framework, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our
internal control over financial reporting was not effective March 31, 2019 due to the following material weaknesses:
(cid:120) We had insufficient financial reporting and accounting with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to properly
address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill
U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements;
(cid:120) We did not have comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP;
(cid:120) We did not have proper procedures in place to identify certain related party transaction;
(cid:120) We did not have effective entity level control;
(cid:120) We did not have sufficient resources with technical competency to review and record non-routine or complex transactions; and
(cid:120) We did not obtain proper board approval on a material agreement in time.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, within the meaning of PCAOB Auditing Standard AS 2201, in internal control
over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will
not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
We plan to address the weaknesses identified above by implementing the following measures:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
hiring a consulting firm to help us renew and improve our framework of internal controls, including setting up risk and control matrix, drawing
flowcharts of significant transactions, evaluating controls effectiveness, preparing manual of internal control, tracing rectifications and
performing control testing;
recruiting qualified professionals with appropriate levels of knowledge and experience to assist in resolving accounting issues in non-routine or
complex transactions;
hiring additional accounting staffs with comprehensive knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements;
hiring internal audit staffs, improving the internal audit function, internal control policies and monitoring controls;
investing in technology infrastructure to support our financial reporting function;
improving the communication between management, board of directors and chief financial officer; and
reporting all material and non-routine transactions to the board of directors and obtain proper approval timely.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended March 31, 2019 that
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Item 9B.
Other Information
None.
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Directors and Executive Officers
Our current directors and officers are as follows:
PART III
Name
Xi Wen
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Chunhai Li
Haitao Liu
Xiaojuan Lin
Trent D. Davis
Sichun Wang
Jie Gao
Age
36
31
34
47
54
50
31
40
Position
Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board, President and Secretary, Executive Director
of Sichuan Senmiao
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Chief Technology Officer
Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao
Director
Director
Director
Director
Xi Wen has been serving as President, Secretary and Director of the Company since June 2017, was appointed chairman of the board on July 20, 2017
and our Chief Executive Officer on August 1, 2018. Mr. Wen has over 10 years of experience in finance and investment management. He has been serving as
Executive Director of Sichuan Senmiao since February 2017, in charge of all aspects of Senmiao's online lending platform operations. Immediately prior to
joining Senmiao, Mr. Wen served as a director of Chenghexin, where he was responsible for overseeing the operations of the Aihongsen lending platform
from May 2015 to February 2017. He also founded Chengdu Fubang Zhuoyue Investment Co. in September 2013 and served as General Manager until
May 2015. From January 2009 to August 2013, Mr. Wen was the General Manager of Chengdu Haiyuan Trading Co., Ltd., in charge of the company’s daily
operations. Mr. Wen holds a Bachelor’s degree in Business and Economics from Manchester Metropolitan University in Manchester, United Kingdom. Mr.
Wen is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his knowledge of our businesses and expertise in business management, finance and investment.
Xiaoyuan Zhang has been serving as our Chief Financial Officer since September 17, 2018. She previously served as Senior Auditor and Assurance
Manager of Ernst & Young Hua Ming LLP, Chengdu Branch, from October 2010 to September 2018 where she participated in audits of several public
companies listed in China, Hong Kong and Singapore, as well as large state-owned and foreign investment enterprises. Ms. Zhang received her dual
bachelor’s degrees in accounting and law from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu, China. Ms. Zhang is an intermediate
accountant and a Certified Public Accountant of the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Chunhai Li has been serving as the Chief Technology Officer of the Company since July 20, 2017 and Chief Technology Officer of Sichuan Senmiao
since September 2016. Before joining Sichuan Senmiao, he was the Director of Research and Development of Beijing Huashengtiancheng Technology Co.,
Ltd. from October 2014 to August 2016, where he was in charge of the development of bank data platform and team management. Prior to that, he was the
Director of Research and Development at Zhongkesanyang (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. from February 2013 to September 2014, primarily responsible for
the organization of the company and technology team as well as management of technology and operations. From October 2007 to February 2013, he was the
project manager for online banking at Beijing Yuxinyicheng Technology Co., Ltd., where he participated in and managed the online banking projects for
many banks. Mr. Li received his bachelor's degree in computer science from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.
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Haitao Liu has been serving as the Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao since August 1, 2018. Mr. Liu previously served as Chief Executive
Officer of Shenzhen Qianhai Tuteng Internet Financial Services Co., Ltd., a peer-to-peer online lending company specialized in auto loans, from May 2015 to
April 2018. Prior to that, he served as the Deputy General Manager of Chengdu High-Tech Zone Xingrui Microfinance Co., Ltd., a company offering loans to
small businesses and individuals, from May 2012 to April 2015, as the Chief Financial Officer of Sichuan Information Industry Co., Ltd., an information
technology company, from July 2006 to May 2012, and as the Deputy General Manager of Sichuan Zhongxin Hengde CPA Co., Ltd. from June 2000 to
July 2006. He also served as a civil servant in Chenghua District People’s Government of Chengdu from June 1993 to June 2000. Mr. Liu received a master’s
degree in EMBA (Finance) from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Southwest
Jiaotong University and an associate degree in Commercial Economy from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China.
Xiaojuan Lin has been a director of the Company since July 20, 2017. Since March 2011, Ms. Lin has been the legal representative and Executive
General Manager of Hunan Dinchengtai Investment Co. Ltd. She previously served as Deputy General Manager and Finance Manager of Hunan Xinhongxin
Group from April 2004 to February 2010 where she was in charge of the group's finance, tax and accounting matters. From August 2000 to March 2004,
Ms. Lin served as Finance Manager for Northwest Region at Tianjin Jiashijian Commercial Group, where she managed the group's finance, tax and
accounting matters. She also acted as Budgeting and Accounting Manager of Cygent Hotel from 1986 to 2000. Ms. Lin holds a Bachelor’s degree in Statistics
from Hunan Finance University in Hunan, China. She is a Certified Public Accountant in China. Ms. Lin is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to
her expertise in accounting and finance.
Trent D. Davis has been a director of the Company since March 21, 2018. Mr. Davis is currently the Chief Executive Officer of Paulson Investment
Company, LLC, which is a boutique investment firm specializing in private equity offerings for small to mid-cap markets and Vice Chairman and Lead
Director of Eastside Distilling Inc. (Nasdaq: EAST), a manufacturer of high-quality, master-crafted spirits. Formerly, from December 2014 to December
2018, Mr. Davis was President and Chief Operating Officer of Whitestone Investment Network, Inc., which specializes in providing executive advisory
services to small entrepreneurial companies, as well as restructuring, recapitalizing, and making strategic investments in small to midsize companies. As the
Lead Independent Director Dataram Corporation (Nasdaq: DRAM), which develops, manufactures, and markets memory products primarily used in enterprise
servers and workstations worldwide, from July 2015 to April 2017, Mr. Davis helped the company successfully complete the reverse merger with U.S. Gold
Corp (Nasdaq: USAU), a gold exploration and development company. Previously, from December 2014 to July 2015, Mr. Davis was Chairman of the Board
for Majesco Entertainment Company (Nasdaq: COOL), an innovative developer, marketer, publisher, and distributor of interactive entertainment for
consumers around the world. From November 2013 until July 2014, Mr. Davis served as the President and Director of Paulson Capital Corp. (Nasdaq: PLCC)
until he successfully completed the reverse merger of Paulson with VBI Vaccines (Nasdaq: VBIV). He went on to serve as a member of its Board of Directors
and Audit Committee until May 2016. Mr. Davis was also the Chief Executive Officer of Paulson Investment Company, LLC, a subsidiary of Paulson Capital
Corp, from July 2005 to October 2014, and is credited with overseeing the syndication of approximately $600 million for over 50 client companies in both
public and private transactions. In 2003, Mr. Davis served as Chairman of the Board of the National Investment Banking Association. Mr. Davis holds a B.S.
in Business and Economics from Linfield College and an M.B.A. from University of Portland. Mr. Davis is qualified to serve on our board of directors
because of his deep knowledge of finance and public company issues, capital market, advisory and entrepreneurial experiences, and extensive expertise in
operational and executive management.
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Sichun Wang has been a director of the Company since November 8, 2018. Ms. Wang has served as the senior investment manager and financial
controller of SWHY SDH Equity Investment Management, an equity investment and management company, since October 2016, where she leads the
financial department of the company and participated in several pre-initial-public offering, mergers and acquisitions and secondary offering projects. From
February 2016 to April 2016, she served as the trust manager of JIC Trust Company Limited, a trust and financial company. Prior to that, Ms. Wang served as
the assistant manager of KPMG Huazhen from September 2011 to January 2016, where she participated in audits of multiple companies and achieved Bravo
Award for outstanding performance. Ms. Wang received her Bachelor of Arts degree in accounting with honors from Michigan State University in East
Lansing, MI. She is a Certified Public Accountant in China. Ms. Wang is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to her expertise in accounting and
auditing and her experience with capital market and corporate financing.
Jie Gao has served as a director of the Company since November 8, 2018. She has been the general manager of Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co.,
Ltd., a financial leasing services company, since February 2018. She has also served as the executive director of Hunan Ruixi Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.,
an automobile leasing company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Hunan Ruixi, since April 2018. Prior to that, she was the executive director of Guangdong
Hu Mao Sheng Tang Fund Management Co., Ltd., a fund management company, from May 2017 to January 2018, where she was responsible for the
establishment and management of the finance and investment department. She served as the project director of finance and investment department of Resgreen
Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., a biotechnology company, from October 2003 to March 2017. Before that, she also served in administrative positions in
electronic technology companies in Changsha, Hunan, China. She received an associate’s degree in hotel secretary from Hunan University of Commerce in
Changsha, Hunan, China. Ms. Gao is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to her experience in business management, investment and finance.
Family Relationship
There are no family relationships, or other arrangements or understandings between or among any of the directors, executive officers or other persons
pursuant to which such person was selected to serve as a director or officer.
Board Committees
Our board of directors currently have an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee. Each
committee's members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Ms. Lin, Mr. Davis and Ms. Wang, and is chaired by Ms. Wang. Each of our audit committee
members satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules of and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange
Act. We have determined that Ms. Lin qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting
processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and pre-screening all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by
the independent registered public accounting firm;
reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management's response;
reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act;
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm;
reviewing the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; and
reporting to the board of directors.
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Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Ms. Lin, Ms. Wang and Mr. Davis and is chaired by Ms. Lin. Each of the
compensation committee members satisfies the “independence” requirements of the listing rules of Nasdaq. The compensation committee assists the board of
directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our
executive officers may not be present at any committee meeting during which their compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee is
responsible for, among other things:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
reviewing the total compensation package for our executive officers and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to it;
approving and overseeing the total compensation package for our executives other than the three most senior executives;
reviewing the compensation of our directors and making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to it; and
periodically reviewing and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses,
and employee pension and welfare benefit plans.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Ms. Lin, Ms. Wang and Mr.
Davis, and is chaired by Ms. Lin. Each member of our nominating and corporate governance commit satisfies the “independence” requirements of the Nasdaq
listing rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and
in determining the composition of the board of directors and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among
other things:
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
recommending nominees to the board of directors for election or re-election to the board of directors, or for appointment to fill any vacancy on the
board of directors;
reviewing annually with the board of directors the current composition of the board of directors with regards to characteristics such as
independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us;
selecting and recommending to the board of directors the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation
committee, as well as of the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; and
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to
ensure proper compliance.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of our compensation committee is or has been an officer or employee of our Company. None of our officers and directors currently
serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the compensation committee or other board committee performing equivalent functions of any entity that
has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or Compensation Committee.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires our officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten
percent of our common stock to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These reporting persons are also required to furnish us with
copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely upon a review of such forms, we believe that during the year ended March 31, 2019 there were no
delinquent filers.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock
Market and the SEC. We have filed copies of our code of ethics, our audit committee charter, our compensation committee charter and our nominating
committee charter as exhibits to our registration statement in connection with our IPO. You may review these documents by accessing our public filings at the
SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the code of ethics will be provided without charge upon request to us.
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Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
None of our directors and executive officers have been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the
time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;
any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);
being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction,
permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to
be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities;
being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a
federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed,
suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation
respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any
business entity; or
being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any
registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons
associated with a member.
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth the cash and non-cash compensation awarded to or earned by: (i) each individual who served as the principal executive
officer and principal financial officer of our company during the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. For purposes of this document, these individuals are
collectively referred to as the “named executive officers” of the Company.
Bonus
($)
Stock
awards
($)
Option
awards
($)
Non-equity
incentive plan
compensation
($)
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
earnings
($)
All other
compensation
($)
Total
($)
2019
20,000
—
5,525
Name and
principal
position
Xin Chen, Former Chief
Executive Officer (1)
Salary (11)
($)
64,589
37,372
Year
2018
2019
Xi Wen
2018
15,014
Chief Executive Officer,
Chairman, President and
Secretary
Rong Zhu, Former Chief
Financial
Officer and Treasurer (5)
Xiaoyuan Zhang, Chief
Financial
Officer and Treasurer (7)
Chunhai Li, Chief Technology
Officer
Haitao Liu
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
2019
2018
18,454
19,375
—
44,027
18,762
19,673
—
Chief Executive Officer,
Sichuan Senmiao (9)
2019
52,074
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 64,589
— 37,372(2)
— 15,014(3)
— 25,525(4)
— 18,454
— 19,375(6)
—
— 44,027(8)
—
— 18,762
— 19,673
—
—
— 52,074(10)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
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(1) Ms. Chen resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on July 31, 2018.
(2) The amount represents the total compensation Ms. Chen received as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from April 1, 2018 through her
resignation on July 31, 2018.
(3) The amount represents the total compensation Mr. Wen received as the Company’s Chairman. Mr. Wen did not receive any compensation for his
services as President and Secretary until June 20, 2019.
(4) The amount represents the total compensation Mr. Wen received as the Company’s Chairman.
(5) Ms. Zhu resigned as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer effective September 17, 2018.
(6) The amount represents the total compensation Ms. Zhu received as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer through September 17,
2018, the effective date of her resignation.
(7) Ms. Xiaoyuan Zhang was appointed by the Board to serve as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company upon the resignation of Ms.
Rong Zhu.
(8) The amount represents the total compensation Ms. Zhang received as the Company’s Chief Financial officer and Treasurer from September 17,
2018 through March 31, 2019.
(9) Mr. Liu was appointed by the Board to serve as the Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao upon the resignation of Ms. Xin Chen, effective
August 1, 2018.
(10) The amount represents the total compensation Mr. Liu received as the Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao from August 1, 2018 through
March 31, 2019.
(11) Except Mr. Wen, other executive officers received their salaries in Renminbi which were translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate
used to translate statement of operations items, which was RMB6.7126 to US$1.00 for the year ended March 31, 2019 and RMB6.6269 to US$1.00
for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Employment Agreements and Potential Payments Upon Termination
Xi Wen, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board, President and Secretary
On May 27, 2019, the Company and Mr. Wen entered into an employment agreement (the “Wen Agreement”) to memorialize the compensation
arrangement and the other terms of Mr. Wen’s continuing employment with the Company and Sichuan Senmiao. Under the Wen Agreement, Mr. Wen is
entitled to the following compensation: (i) an annual salary of US$100,000 for his service as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, payable quarterly in
arrears, starting upon the Company’s receipt of proceeds from a financing of at least $1,000,000; (ii) an annual salary of RMB 600,000 (approximately
US$87,354) for his service as the Executive Director for Sichuan Senmiao, payable monthly in arrears starting upon the Company’s receipt of proceeds from a
financing of at least $1 million; and (iii) a cash bonus of up to US$50,000 for his services as Chief Executive Officer of the Company for the fiscal year
ending March 31, 2020 upon satisfaction of the performance targets as reviewed by the Compensation Committee.
Mr. Wen is also entitled to participate in the Company’s equity incentive plans and other Company benefits (including health insurance, vacation and
expense reimbursement), each in accordance with the Company’s policies as determined by the Board from time to time. The Wen Agreement has an initial
term of three years and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30
days prior to the end of the applicable term.
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Pursuant to the Wen Agreement, the Company may terminate Mr. Wen’s employment for cause (as defined in the Wen Agreement), at any time, without
notice. Upon a termination for cause, Mr. Wen will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination,
and his right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law.
The Company may also terminate Mr. Wen’s employment without cause upon 30 days’ advance written notice. In the case of such a termination by the
Company, the Company is required to provide the following severance payments and benefits to Mr. Wen: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to three (3)
months of the base salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of his target annual bonus for the year
immediately preceding the termination, if any; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company’s health plans for three (3) months
following the termination, if any; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by Mr. Wen.
In addition, if the Company or its successor terminates the Wen Agreement upon a merger, consolidation, or transfer or sale of all or substantially all of
the assets of the Company with or to any other individual(s) or entity, Mr. Wen shall be entitled to the following severance payments and benefits upon such
termination: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to three months of the base salary at a rate equal to the greater of his annual salary in effect immediately prior
to the termination, or his then current annual salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of his target
annual bonus for the year immediately preceding the termination; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company’s health plans
for three months following the termination; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by Mr.
Wen.
Pursuant to the Wen Agreement, Mr. Wen may terminate his employment at any time with 30 days’ advance written notice without cause or if there is
any significant change in his authority, duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in his annual salary. In such case, Mr. Wen will be entitled to receive
compensation equivalent to three months of his base salary.
In order to receive any severance benefits under the Wen Agreement, Mr. Wen will be required to execute and deliver to the Company a general release
of claims in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Board.
The Wen Agreement also contains customary restrictive covenants relating to confidentiality, non-competition and non-solicitation.
Xiaoyuan Zhang, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
On September 17, 2018, the Company and Ms. Zhang entered into an employment agreement (the “Zhang Agreement”). Under the Zhang Agreement,
Ms. Zhang is entitled to an annual salary of RMB 540,000 (approximately $78,620) for her services as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company.
She is also entitled to participate in the Company’s equity incentive plans and other Company benefits, each as determined by the Board from time to time.
Her employment has an initial term of one year and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to
the other party at least 30 days prior to the end of the applicable term.
Pursuant to the Zhang Agreement, the Company may terminate Ms. Zhang’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for
certain acts, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to the detriment of the Company, or misconduct or a failure
to perform agreed duties. In such case, Ms. Zhang will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the
termination, and her right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. The Company may also terminate Ms. Zhang’s
employment without cause upon 30 days’ advance written notice. In such case of termination by the Company, the Company is required to provide the
following severance payments and benefits to Ms. Zhang: a cash payment of one month of base salary as of the date of such termination for each year (which
is any period longer than six months but no more than one year) and a cash payment of half month of base salary as of the date of such termination for any
period of employment no more than six months, provided that the total severance payments shall not exceed twelve months of base salary.
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Pursuant to the Zhang Agreement, Ms. Zhang may terminate her employment at any time with 30 days’ advance written notice if there is any significant
change in her duties and responsibilities or a material reduction in her annual salary. In such case, Ms. Zhang will be entitled to receive compensation
equivalent to 3 months of her base salary. In addition, if the Company or its successor terminates the Zhang Agreement upon a merger, consolidation, or
transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company with or to any other individual(s) or entity, Ms. Zhang shall be entitled to the following
severance payments and benefits upon such termination: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 3 months of base salary at a rate equal to the greater of her
annual salary in effect immediate1y prior to the termination, or her then current annua1 salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment
equal to a pro-rated amount of target annual bonus for the year immediately preceding the termination; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits
under the Company’s health plans for 3 months fo1lowing the termination; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any
outstanding equity awards held by Ms. Zhang.
The Zhang Agreement also contains customary restrictive covenants relating to confidentiality, non-competition and non-solicitation.
Chunhai Li, Chief Technology Officer
Mr. Li serves as Chief Technology Officer of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement dated July 20, 2017. Under his employment
agreement, Mr. Li is entitled to an annual salary of $1.00 for his services Chief Technology Officer of the Company. His employment has an initial term of
one year and is subject to successive, automatic one-year extensions unless either party gives notice of non-extension to the other party at least 30 days prior
to the end of the applicable term.
We may terminate Mr. Li's employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as
conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or misconduct or a failure to perform agreed duties. In such
case, Mr. Li will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the termination, and his right to all other benefits
will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. We may also terminate Mr. Li's employment without cause upon 30 days' advance written notice. In
such case of termination by us, we are required to provide the following severance payments and benefits to him: (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 3
months of his base salary as of the date of such termination; (2) a lump sum cash payment equal to a pro-rated amount of his target annual bonus for the year
immediately preceding the termination, if any; (3) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under the Company's health plans for 3 months
following the termination, if any; and (4) immediate vesting of 100% of the then-unvested portion of any outstanding equity awards held by him.
Mr. Li may terminate his employment at any time with 30 days' advance written notice if there is any significant change in his duties and responsibilities
or a material reduction in his annual salary. In such case, Mr. Li will be entitled to receive compensation equivalent to three months of his base salary.
Mr. Li has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination of his employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in
the performance of his duties in connection with the employment, any of our confidential information or proprietary information of any third party received by
us and for which we have confidential obligations. In addition, he has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term
of his employment and for one year following termination of his employment.
Mr. Li also serves as Chief Technology Officer of Sichuan Senmiao pursuant to an employment agreement with Sichuan Senmiao for a term of three
years ending September 12, 2019. Mr. Li receives an annual salary of RMB 122,004 (approximately US$17,763) for his services and is entitled to benefits
under PRC government statutory employee benefit plans.
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Haitao Liu, Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao
Mr. Liu serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Sichuan Senmiao pursuant to his employment agreement with Sichuan Senmiao, dated August 1, 2018.
The term of his employment is for one year, subject to a one-month probation period. He is entitled to a monthly salary of RMB 45,000 (approximately
US$6,551) except that he will receive RMB 36,000 (approximately US$5,241) for his probation period. The employment may be terminated (i) by mutual
consent, (ii) immediately for cause by Sichuan Senmiao, (iii) for incapacity after non-work related illness or injury by Sichuan Senmiao with a 30-day prior
written notice or a one-month salary as severance payment, (iii) by a 30-day prior written notice from Mr. Liu and a three day prior notice during the
probation period, or (iv) immediately for cause by Mr. Liu. In connection with the employment agreement, Mr. Liu and Sichuan Senmiao entered into a
confidentiality agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Liu agreed not to release or disclose Sichuan Senmiao's confidential information.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth information concerning the outstanding equity awards of each of the named executive officers as of March 31, 2019:
Stock Awards
Number of shares or
units of stock that
have not vested
(#)
Market value of
shares of units of
stock that have
not vested
($)
Equity
incentive
plan awards:
Number of
unearned
shares, units or
other rights that
have not vested
(#)
Equity
incentive
plan awards: Market or
payout value of
unearned
shares, units or other
rights that have not vested
($)
3,750 $
16,500
-
-
Name
Xi Wen
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the compensation of our then serving non-executive directors for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2019:
Xiaojuan Lin(3)
Trent Davis
Sichun Wang(1)
Jie Gao(1)
Yulei Rao(2)
Xiang Hu(2)
Fees
earned
or
paid in
cash
$
21,128
41,808
7,890
7,890
11,224
23,670
Stock
awards
$
Option
awards
$
Non-equity
incentive plan
compensation
$
Nonqualified
deferred
compensation
earnings
$
All other
compensation
$
Total
$
5,525
5,525
-
-
5,525
5,525
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26,653
47,333
7,890
7,890
16,749
29,195
(1) Director since November 8, 2018.
(2) Director from July 20, 2017 to November 7, 2018.
(3) Ms. Lin received her director compensation for the first half of the fiscal year in Renminbi amounting to RMB68,632 and $10,904 for the second half
of the fiscal year. The Renminbi amount was translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate RMB6.7126 to US$1.00, the average rate used to
translate statement of operations items for the year ended March 31, 2019.
(4) Mr. Hu received his director compensation in Renminbi amount to RMB88,353. Mr. Hu also received RMB70,536 for his services as legal
representative of Sichuan Senmiao. The Renminbi amounts were translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate RMB6.7126 to US$1.00, the
average rate used to translate statement of operations items for the year ended March 31, 2019.
Each of our directors receives an annual retainer of $20,000 except that Mr. Trent receives an annual retainer of $40,000. They will also be reimbursed
for reasonable, pre-approved expenses in connection with the performance of their services.
On August 3, 2018, our board of directors approved the grant of 5,000 restricted stock units (the “RSUs”) to each of its directors then in office as part of
their compensation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The RSUs vest in four equal quarterly installments on August 3, 2018, April 1, 2019, July 1,
2019 and October 1, 2019 or in full upon the occurrence of a change in control of the Company, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the RSU
agreement, provided that the director remains in service as a director through the applicable vesting date. RSUs will be settled by the Company's issuance of a
share of common stock in certificated or uncertificated form upon the earlier of a (i) change in control and (ii) the director’s cessation as a director of the
Company due to a "separation of service" within the meaning of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the director’s death or
disability.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
As of the date of this Report, there were 27,726,615 shares of common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth certain information known to us
with respect to the beneficial ownership of common stock as of that date by (i) each of our directors and director nominee, (ii) each of our executive officers,
(iii) all of our directors, director nominee and executive officers as a group, and (iv) each person, or group of affiliated persons, whom we know to beneficially
own more than 5% of our common stock.
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Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially
owned by them.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)
5% Stockholders
Senmiao International Investment Group Limited (2)
THS Investment Group Limited (3)
HSM Investment Group Limited (4)
HSA Investment Group Limited (5)
Officers and Directors
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Haitao Liu
Chunhai Li
Xi Wen (6)
Xiaojuan Lin
Trent D. Davis
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Jie Gao
Sichun Wang
Xin Chen (7)
Rong Zhu (7)
All directors and executive officers as a group (nine individuals)
Amount and
Nature of
Beneficial
Ownership
Percentage of
Outstanding
Shares
10,575,000
1,687,500
1,912,500
2,475,000
—
—
—
1,122,750
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,122,750
38.1%
6.1%
7.0%
8.9%
—
—
—
4.1%
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4.1%
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is 16F, Building A, Shihao Square, Middle Jiannan Avenue, High-Tech
Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
(2) Xiang Hu, through Senmiao International Investment Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands company wholly owned by him, owns 10,575,000
shares of common stock of the Company.
(3) The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by THS Investment Group Limited is Aiming Hu, who is the
parent of Xiang Hu.
(4) The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HSM Investment Group Limited is Chan Wang.
(5) The natural person who exercises voting and dispositive power over the shares held by HSA Investment Group Limited is Wuyong Luo.
(6)
(7) Former executive officer of the Company.
Includes 1,122,750 shares of common stock of the Company held in the name of Mr. Wen’s spouse.
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Management and pre-IPO stockholders of the Company have invested in loans through our online lending platform using their personal funds. We
received service fees from these parties in the amount of $530 and $1,363, respectively, for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
In December 2017, the Company entered into loan agreements with Xiang Hu and Jun Wang, beneficial owners of its common stock, who granted to the
Company a line of credit of approximating $955,000 and $159,000, respectively, for five years. The lines of credit were non-interest bearing, effective from
January 2017. The largest aggregate loan amount outstanding during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $955,000 and $159,000, respectively. During the
year ended March 31, 2019, the Company repaid $500,000 to Xiang Hu.
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During the year ended March 31, 2019, we paid listing expenses and stamp taxes on behalf of Xiang Hu and June Wang who agreed to pay part of our
IPO expenses, in the amount of $62,806 and $7,881, respectively. We accounted for those expenses as a deduction against the amount due to the stockholders.
As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding balance due to Xiang Hu and Jun Wang was $972,814 and $107,233, respectively.
During the year end March 31, 2017, we entered into two office lease agreements with Hong Li, a shareholder of Sichuan Senmiao. For the year ended
March 31, 2019 and 2018, we paid an aggregate of $200,147 in rent to the shareholder.
In November 2018, Hunan Ruixi entered into an office lease agreement with Hunna Dingchentai Investment Co., Ltd. (“Dingchengtai”), a company
where Ms. Xiaojuan Lin, our independent director, serves as legal representative and general manager. The term of the lease agreement is from November 1,
2018 to October 31, 2023 and the rent is approximately $44,250 per year, payable on a quarterly basis. For the year ended March 31, 2019, Hunan Ruixi paid
$13,597 in rent to Dingchentai. This lease agreement was terminated on July 1, 2019.
Before the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, five related parties of Jinkailong have borrowed funds through the Company’s online P2P lending platform and
then loaned the money to Jinkailong. The table below sets forth the detailed information on the transactions and related parties.
Name of related parties
Chengdu Mashangchuxing Automobile Leasing Co.,
Ltd.
Sichuan Yudinxin Huanya Technology Co., Ltd.
Chengdu Laobingchuxing Automobile Leasing Co.,
Ltd.
Sichuan Dinhengxin Automobile Services Co., Ltd.
Chengdu Jinkailong Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.
Relationship with the Company
An entity controlled by Ms. Xi Yang and Mr. Yiqiang
He (i)
An entity over which Ms. Xi Yang owns 45%
shareholding and exercises significant influence
An entity controlled by Ms. Xi Yang
Ms. Xi Yang
An entity controlled by Mr. Xiaoliang Chen (ii)
(i) Mr. Yiqiang He is a principal shareholder of Jinkailong. Ms. Xi Yang is his spouse.
(ii) Mr. Xiaoliang Chen is a principal shareholder of Jinkailong.
Loan
amount
Outstanding
balance as of
March 31, 2019
149,529
149,529
149,529
149,529
149,529
148,989
148,989
-
-
-
The largest aggregate loan amount of principal outstanding during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $747,647. During the year ended March 31, 2019,
the Company repaid an aggregate of $442,132 to three of them. These loans bore interest rates ranging from 7.68% to 8.22% per annum and the aggregate
interest expense for these loans during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $7,047.
Before the acquisition of Hunan Ruixi, Jinkailong borrowed an aggregate of $88,961 from the online P2P lending platform of Sichuan Senmiao which
was paid in full in February 2019. The loan had interest rate of 8.22% per annum and the interest expense for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $3,863.
Our audit committee must review and approve any related person transaction we propose to enter into which would need to be disclosed under Item 404
(a) of Regulation S-K. Our audit committee charter details the policies and procedures relating to transactions that may present actual, potential or perceived
conflicts of interest and may raise questions as to whether such transactions are consistent with the best interest of our company and our stockholders.
Director Independence
Our board of directors has determined that each of Mr. Davis, Ms. Lin and Ms. Wang qualifies as an “independent director” under the Nasdaq listing
rules, which is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship,
which, in the opinion of the company's board of directors would interfere with the director's exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the
responsibilities of a director. Our independent directors will have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.
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Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The following table shows the fees that we paid or accrued for the audit and other services provided by our independent registered public accounting
firms for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Fee Category
Audit Fees (1)
Audit-Related Fees(2)
Tax Fees(3)
All Other Fees(4)
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31,
2019
Fiscal Year
Ended March 31,
2018
$
$
$
$
212,664
35,178
-
-
$
$
$
$
115,000
-
-
-
(1) This category consists of fees for professional services rendered by our principal independent registered public accountants for the audit of our
annual financial statements, review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by the
independent registered public accounting firms in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
(2) This category consists of fees for assurance and related services by our independent registered public accountant that are reasonably related to the
performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees.” The services for the fees disclosed
under this category include consultations concerning financial accounting and reporting standards.
(3) This category consists of fees for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accountant for tax compliance, tax advice,
and tax planning.
(4) This category consists of fees for services provided by our independent registered public accountants other than the services described above.
Policy on Pre-Approval of Audit Services
Our audit committee pre-approves all services, including both audit and non-audit services, provided by our independent registered public accounting
firm.
PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this Report:
(1)
(2)
The Financial Statements in Item 8 herein; and
Index to the Financial Statements in Item 8 herein.
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information
is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto in Item 15 of Part IV below.
(3)
Exhibits
We hereby file as part of this Report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be
inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such
material can also be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates or on the SEC
website at www.sec.gov.
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Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
Exhibit
No.
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
EXHIBIT INDEX
Description
Articles of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Amendment No.7 to Registration Statement
on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Amendment
No.7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Bylaws of the Company, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed by the Company
with the SEC on October 30, 2017.
Form of Series A Warrant, Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 on the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the
SEC on June 18, 2019
Form of Series B Warrant, Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 on the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the
SEC on June 18, 2019
Form of Placement Agent Warrant, Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 on the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company
with the SEC on June 18, 2019
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co.,
Ltd. and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Amendment No. 7 to
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Form of Equity Interest Pledge Agreement by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan Senmiao
Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.2 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Exclusive Option Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and among Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd., Sichuan
Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and each equity holder of Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Form of Power of Attorney, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1
filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Timely Reporting Agreement, dated September 18, 2017, by and between Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd. and the Company,
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March
14, 2018
Form of Financial Intermediary Service Contract, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration
Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
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10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
Lease Agreement, dated April 1, 2018, by and between Xiaodong Yang, Pin Li and Hong Li, as landlord, and Senmiao Consulting, as tenant,
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2018
Lease Agreement, dated April 1, 2018, by and between Xiaodong Yang, Pin Li and Hong Li, as landlord, and Sichuan Senmiao, as tenant,
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2018
Employment Agreement, dated August 1, 2018, by and between Sichuan Senmiao and Haitao Liu, incorporated herein Exhibit 10.5 to the
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 2018
Form of Loan and Security Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement
on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Employment Agreement between the Company and Chunhai Li, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Amendment No. 7 to
Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Form of Director Offer Letter, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form
S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Xiang Hu and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Loan Agreement, effective January 1, 2017, by and between Jun Wang and Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 14, 2018
Fund Deposit Service Agreement, dated April 8, 2018, by and between Senmiao Technology Limited and Sichuan XW Bank Co., Ltd.,
incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 12, 2018
Investment and Equity Transfer Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2018, by and among Senmiao Technology Limited, Hunan Ruixi
Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Hunan Ruipin Cultural Industry Co., Ltd., Luziyun International Group (Southeast Asia) Shares Limited and
Chengdu Little Monkey Information and Technology Co., Ltd. incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form
8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on November 28, 2018.
Business Cooperation Agreement and Valuation Adjustment Mechanism and Indemnification Agreement, dated August 26, 2018, by and
among Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Xiaoliang Chen, Xi Yang, Yiqiang He
and Xiaohui Luo, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the Company with the SEC
on February 19, 2019.
Amendment to Business Cooperation Agreement and Valuation Adjustment Mechanism and Indemnification Agreement, dated October 16,
2018, by and among Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Xiaoliang Chen, Xi Yang,
Yiqiang He and Xiaohui Luo, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the Company
with the SEC on February 19, 2019.
Collaboration Agreement, dated December 11, 2018, by and between Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd. and Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing
Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the Company with the SEC on
February 19, 2019.
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10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
Collaboration Agreement, dated December 17, 2018, by and between Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd. and Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing
Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the Company with the SEC on
February 19, 2019.
Consulting Service Agreement, dated October 23, 2018, by and between Didi Chuxing Technology Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Jinkailong
Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the Company
with the SEC on February 19, 2019.
Voting Agreement, dated August 26, 2018, by and among Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. and certain shareholders of Sichuan
Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed by the
Company with the SEC on February 19, 2019.
Amendment to the Voting Agreement, dated November 11, 2018, by and among Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. and certain
shareholders of Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q filed by the Company with the SEC on February 19, 2019.
Intercity Carpool Business Cooperation Agreement, dated as of May 16, 2019, by and between Sichuan Feiniu Automobile Transportation
Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form
8-K filed with the SEC on May 21, 2019.
Employment Agreement, dated as of May 27, 2019, by and between Senmiao Technology Limited and Xi Wen, incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 on that Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the Commission on May 30, 2019.
Employment Agreement, dated as of September 17, 2018, by and between the Company and Xiaoyuan Zhang, incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 on that Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the Commission on September 20, 2018.
Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 on that Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the
Company with the Commission on June 18, 2019.
Form of Lock-Up Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 on that Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company
with the Commission on June 18, 2019.
Form of Leak-Out Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 on that Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company
with the Commission on June 18, 2019.
Form of Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Contract*
Form of Hunan Ruixi Service Agreement*
Form of Jinkailong Automobile Affiliation Agreement*
Property Leasing Contract, dated as of October 31, 2018, by and between Hunan Dingchentai Investment Co., Ltd. and Hunan Ruixi Financial
Leasing Co., Ltd.*
Parking Lot Lease, dated as of January 9, 2019, by and between Chengdu Taozhi Parking Management Service Co., Ltd. and Sichuan
Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.*
Lease, dated as of September 29, 2018, by and between Sichuan EFOX Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Sichuan Jinkailong
Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.*
10.36
Office Lease, dated as of December 12, 2018, by and between Pan Feng and Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.*
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14.1
21.1
23.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
Code of Ethics, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Amendment No. 7 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the
SEC on March 14, 2018
List of Subsidiaries*
Consent of Friedman LLP*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002*
Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002*
Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002**
Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002**
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase*
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase*
101.PRE
XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
101.DEF
XBRL Definition Linkbase Document*
* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: July 3, 2019
SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
SIGNATURES
/s/ Xi Wen
By:
Xi Wen
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Xiaoyuan Zhang
By:
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
/s/ Xi Wen
Xi Wen
Position
Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board
/s/ Xiaoyuan Zhang
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Trent Davis
Trent Davis
/s/ Xiaojuan Lin
Xiaojuan Lin
/s/ Sichun Wang
Sichun Wang
/s/ Jie Gao
Jie Gao
Director
Director
Director
Director
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July 3, 2019
July 3, 2019
July 3, 2019
July 3, 2019
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Exhibit 10.30
Financial Leasing Contract
Contract Number: ____________
Party A (Lessor): Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Social Credit Unicode: 91430100MA4PDEM573
Address: Rm. 723, Bldg. 3A, Jinke Times Center, Xiangyang Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha
Tel.:
E-mail:
Party B (Lessee):
Address:
ID Number:
Tel.:
E-mail:
Party C (Guarantor):
Address:
ID Number:
Tel.:
E-mail:
Article 1 General
In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, in the principle of honesty and trustworthiness,
and on the basis of equality and voluntary consultation, Party A, Party B and Party C hereby voluntarily enter into this Contract so that Party A shall provide
the vehicle leased under this Contract for Party B and Party C shall render joint liability guarantee to Party A for the financial leasing of Party B.
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Article 2 Representation and Warranty
Party A, Party B and Party C respectively make the following representations and warranties, which remain valid for the duration of this Contract.
(I) Representations and Warranties of Party A:
1. Party A is a company legally established and validly existing under the Chinese law. It has an independent legal person status and has the right to engage in
the business it is currently engaged in and to own its property.
2. Party A has the right to execute and perform this Contract and other related documents to which it is a party, and has obtained internal authorization and
approval for the execution and performance.
3. After this Contract and other related documents to which it is a party are signed by Party A, they are legally binding on Party A and may be enforced in
accordance with their terms.
4. The execution and performance of this Contract by Party A will not conflict with any agreement or document to which Party A acts as a party.
(II) Representations and Warranties of Party B and Party C:
1. If Party B and Party C are enterprises or public institutions, they represent and warrant as follows:
(1) Party B and Party C are legal organizations registered and established and valid existing in accordance with the laws of China and have independent legal
status. They have the right to engage in the business they are currently engaged in and to own their property;
(2) Party B and Party C have the right to execute and perform this Contract and other related documents to which they are a party and have obtained internal
authorization and approval for the execution and performance;
(3) Party B and Party C warrant that all financial statements issued by them are in compliance with relevant Chinese laws and regulations and truly and
objectively indicate the financial status of Party B and Party C and that all documents and information provided by Party B and Party C are true, valid,
complete and accurate, without any concealment;
(4) Party B and Party C promise that they will notify Party A in writing three days in advance before subcontracting, leasing, joint-stock reform, merger, joint
venture (cooperation), separation and establishment of branches and subsidiaries, transfer of property rights, substantial increase of debt, external guarantees,
change of business registration information and other acts that may have possible influence on the rights of Party A;
(5) Party B and Party C agree to engage other guarantors according to the requirements of Party A;
(6) During the term of lease, Party B and Party C shall strictly observe all laws and regulations of the nation and be liable for all liabilities and economic
losses arising from traffic accidents, violations of regulations and illegal activities.
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2. If Party B and Party C are natural persons, they represent and warrant as follows:
(1) They have full capacity for civil conduct;
(2) They have the ability to enter into this Contract and perform the obligations under this Contract;
(3) They agree to engage other guarantors according to the requirements of Party A;
(4) During the lease period, they will strictly follow all laws and regulations of the nation and bear all liabilities and economic losses arising from acts such as
traffic accidents, violations of regulations and illegal activities.
3. After the Contract and transaction documents are signed by Party B and Party C, they shall be legally binding on Party B and Party C and may be enforced
in accordance with their terms.
4. The signing and performance of this Contract by Party B and Party C will not conflict with any agreement or document to which Party B or Party C is a
party. In case of conflict, regardless of the time of signing, this Contract and its supplement agreements shall prevail.
5. If above representations and warranties are materially inconsistent with the actual situation, they will be treated as material breach of contract.
Article 3 Vehicle Information, Lease Term and Rent
Party A shall provide the leased vehicle selected and confirmed by Party B to Party B for use according to Party B's selection of the leased vehicle. Party B
independently selects the leased vehicle hereunder without relying on Party A's skills or Party A's intervention. Party B independently confirms the brand,
model, configuration, color and price of the leased vehicle. The vehicle information, lease term and rent are as follows:
Item
Vehicle make
Vehicle model and configuration
Vehicle color
Vehicle frame number
Engine number
Term of lease
Months of lease term
Content of Agreement
From to
______months
Total tax-included contract amount
RMB_________ (in words: RMB_____________________________________YUAN)
Total contract amount (tax-excluded)
RMB_________ (in words: RMB_____________________________________YUAN)
Down payment
RMB_________ (in words: RMB_____________________________________YUAN)
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Item
Content of Agreement
Rent for each period
RMB_________ (in words: RMB_____________________________________YUAN)
Date of payment for rent of each period
Vehicle delivery(cid:133) Current month /(cid:133) From next month, paid before the (cid:133) 3rd/ (cid:133)18th day each month
Lease deposit
RMB_________ (in word: RMB_____________________________________YUAN)
Party A collects special account information for
rent and other expenses
Company Name: Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Bank of Deposit: Bank of Changsha Co., Ltd. Liuyang Economic Development Zone Sub-branch
Account Number: **********************
1. Party B applies for a savings card to the bank designated by Party A (hereinafter referred to as “Party B’s Account”) or Party B authorizes Party A to apply
for a new savings card to the designated bank. Party B shall pay the rent in full to Party B’s Account for Party A to entrust the designated party to withhold in
accordance with the rent payment method as stipulated in this Contract. The savings card information is as follows:
Account Name:
Bank of Deposit:
Account Number:
2. Where Party B fails to pay Party A the full amount of rent of each period within the time limit stipulated in this Contract, it shall be deemed that Party B
fails to perform the obligation to pay the rent for the relevant period.
3. In addition to the payment method specified in Paragraph 1 of this Article, Party B may also choose to make payment to Party A’s finance department or
make transfer to Party A’s designated account. In time of payment or transfer, Party B shall inform Party A’s financial personnel of the contract number and
Party B’s name and request the receipt from Party A’s financial personnel after payment. The amount paid by Party B and the date of payment shall be subject
to the receipt issued by Party A.
4. In the process of contract performance, Party B may submit a written application to Party A to change the term of lease of this Contract and the rent for
each period, and then Party A should decide whether to accept the change. If Party A agrees to make the change, Party A, Party B and Party C shall agree on
the new term of lease and the rent. Party A, Party B and Party C shall re-sign a written agreement as the amendment to this Contract.
5. During the performance of the Contract, Party B may pay any installments of rent not less than the current due payment before the current payment date
specified in this Contract but may not require Party A to reduce the rent on the grounds of paying the rent in advance.
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6. During the term of lease, where there is a need to change the rent as the national government increases or reduces relevant taxes, change the tax rate and
bank interest rate, Party A has the right to notify Party B of the change and propose a new rent by mobile phone text message or other means and begin to
implement the new rent from the next month after the nation announces such adjustment. Party B must acknowledge the change and promise to pay.
7. Party A has the right to transfer its creditor’s rights against Party B to a third party. Party B agrees that Party A notifies Party B of such transfer through a
text message to the contact telephone number specified in the Contract or other means.
8. Party B shall bear all expenses such as fuel, toll charge, maintenance and repair, penalty for violation of regulation, vehicle insurance, parking fee, taxes,
and administrative fees incurred during the term of lease. If Party A suffers losses due to the preceding matters, Party B shall compensate Party A for its
losses.
Article 4 Deposit
1. Upon the signing of this Contract, Party B shall pay Party A the financial lease deposit agreed by both parties on the date of signing this Contract, which
shall be used as the guarantee for Party B to perform its obligations under this Contract. The amount shall be as stipulated in the foregoing part of this
Contract.
2. The financial lease deposit bears no interest. If Party B breaches this Contract, Party A may use any part of the deposit to exercise the remedy or
compensate for the loss. Where Party B fully performs its contractual obligations hereunder and has no breach of contract, Party A shall return Party B the
deposit or allow Party B to offset all or part of the final rent when the financial lease expires.
3. Where Party B violates the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 19 of this Contract, Party A shall not refund the deposit and shall not exempt Party B
from the liability for breach of contract to Party A. Party A has the right to first pay the expenses incurred from the collection from and management of Party
B with the deposit, and when the deposit reduces due to deduction, Party B shall make up the difference within three days. Otherwise Party B shall be deemed
to have materially breached the contract.
4. If Party B proposes to terminate or rescind this Contract before the expiration of the term, the deposit will not be refunded regardless of whether Party A
agrees or not.
Article 5 Contract Price and Validity
1. This Contract shall take effect from the date when Party A stamps its seal onto it and Party B and Party C sign or stamp their seals onto it.
2. The terms concerning Party B on applying for leased vehicles, deposit, first-installment rent, term of lease, total rent, repayment date of each period,
designated repayment debit card number and insurance are detailed in this Contract, and Party B voluntarily follows the stipulations agreed in the Contract.
This Contract shall be delivered in person by the financing consultant. The provisions of the Contract shall become effective, irrevocable and may not be
modified from the date of signing by Party B and Party C.
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3. Party B and Party C ensure that the address and contact information stated in this Contract are true and valid. Where this Contract is delivered to Party B
and Party C by Party A by post based on the above address and contact information and is received, Party B and Party C hereby confirm that it shall be
deemed to have received. Party B and Party C shall carefully read the mail received. If Party B and Party C raise no objection within seven days after
receiving the mail or Party B has made repayment in accordance with the Contract, Party B and Party C shall be deemed to accept and be willing to follow the
provisions of this Contract.
Article 6 Ownership of Leased Vehicles
1. During the term of lease, before Party B has fulfilled all the obligations under this Contract, the ownership of the leased vehicle belongs to Party A, the
leased vehicle is registered under the name of Party A and all taxes, fees and insurance premiums concerning the vehicle shall be paid by Party B in the name
of Party A.
2. When Party B performs this Contract, Party B has the right to legally use the leased vehicle. After Party B fulfills all the obligations hereunder and settles
all the payables arising under this Contract to Party A, the leased vehicle hereunder can be purchased by Party B at the price of RMB 1 (in word: RMB ONE
YUAN ONLY). If Party B purchases it in accordance with the Contract, the ownership of the leased vehicle shall be transferred to Party B. Party A shall
cooperate with Party B to handle the vehicle transfer registration formalities and the corresponding expenses shall be borne by Party B.
3. During the term of lease, Party B shall not express or imply that it is the owner of the vehicle or make others reasonably consider Party B to be the owner of
the vehicle. Without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not sell, mortgage, pledge, sublease, transfer, gift, make investment with, dismantle the
positioning device of, renounce possession of or otherwise dispose of the leased vehicle nor have any other violation of the ownership of the leased vehicle or
use the leased vehicle to engage in illegal activities. If Party B has the above-mentioned act that constitutes breach of contract, Party A has the right to take
back the leased vehicle.
4. During the lease period, Party A or the agent entrusted by Party A has the right to check the use and integrity of the leased vehicle, in which case Party B
shall provide all conveniences. Without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not make any substantial modification or installation of the leased
vehicle. If Party B changes the leased vehicle privately, the parts, accessories, equipment and facilities installed on the leased vehicle will automatically
become part of the leased vehicle and be owned by Party A, and Party A has no need to make any compensation, and the rent will not be adjusted therefor. If
Party B’s random refitting causes depreciation of the vehicle or causes other losses to Party A, Party B shall be liable for compensation.
Article 7 Delivery and Acceptance of the Leased Vehicle
1. During the lease period, the license plate of the leased vehicle shall be registered in the name of Party A. Before the leased vehicle is delivered to Party B,
relevant formalities for registration with relevant authority shall be completed and Party B agree that during the term of lease Party A has the right to mortgage
the leased vehicle to the designated bank or other institutions. Party B shall cooperate if needed.
2. Party A and Party B agree that the vehicle should be delivered on _______________ and Party A will notify through phone call or text message, as
designated by Party B, the notice to pick up the vehicle. The contact information of Party B is specified in this Contract. In case of any change to the contact
information, Party B shall promptly notify Party A in writing.
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3. On the day of delivery of the leased vehicle, Party B shall check the items delivered with the leased vehicle and sign the Confirmation of Delivery of the
Leased Vehicle. If Party B fails to sign the Confirmation of Delivery of the Leased Vehicle and submit it to Party A or Party A’s entrusting party after
obtaining the leased vehicle and fails to provide reasonable causes, it shall be deemed that it has checked and has no objection to the leased vehicle and the
articles delivered together with the vehicle.
4. After Party A delivers the leased vehicle to Party B, the risk liability for the leased vehicle will be transferred to Party B. During the term of lease, the risk
of damage, loss, theft, force majeure and other accidents of the leased vehicle (including but not limited to traffic violations, illegal accidents, traffic accidents
or other personal, property, fines liabilities and the losses caused to Party A by the use of vehicles) shall be fully borne by Party B.
5. In the case that Party A provides the vehicle in accordance with Party B's needs, Party B shall not refuse to accept the leased vehicle for any reason. The
relevant provisions for the term of lease and the rent shall not be affected whether there are other reasonable causes or not.
Article 8 Use and Custody of the Leased Vehicle
1. Party B promises to abide by the traffic regulations when using the financially leased vehicle and ensure driving with driver license and valid insurance. It
shall bear the legal responsibility during the use of the vehicle. Otherwise, Party A has the right to temporarily withhold the vehicle until the elimination of
such unsafe hidden dangers, and Party B shall pay the rent normally during the period.
2. Where the leased vehicle or its setting, custody, use and operation cause personal injury or property damage to third parties, Party B shall be fully liable for
compensation. Where a third party’s claim to Party A results in Party A’s loss (including but not limited to the compensation paid by Party A, the legal costs,
lawyer's fees, travel expenses and other reasonable expenses and expenses arising from handling the dispute), Party B shall compensate for Party A’s loss.
3. During the lease period, without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not use the leased vehicle to engage in transportation that does not conform to
its function and may not disassemble or scrap the vehicle.
4. During the period that Party B occupies and uses the leased vehicle and before the debts owed to Party A are fully settled, Party B shall promptly accept the
punishment for the traffic violations caused by the leased vehicle and bear the fines, point deductions, failure of ownership transfer therefrom. Where the
leased vehicle is detained due to Party B's reasons, Party B still needs to pay the rent in accordance with this Contract. Where Party A suffers losses therefrom,
Party B shall be liable to Party A for compensation.
5. Party A shall not be responsible for the quality assurance of the leased vehicle but shall cooperate with Party B to recover from the supplier as to the defects
of the leased vehicle that really exist and should be attributed to the supplier’s liabilities. Party A's cooperation is limited to providing transaction documents
for purchase of the leased vehicle and transferring part or all of the right of recourse to Party B. Party B shall not require to change or refuse to perform its due
responsibilities or obligations hereunder on the ground that the leased vehicle has defects. Party A shall not be bound by any representation, guarantee or
commitment made by the supplier to Party B and shall not be held responsible for it.
6. Party B shall carefully and properly store and use the leased vehicle in accordance with the vehicle operating instructions, operation manuals and general
industry standards within the agreed location, use qualified personnel to operate the vehicle and ensure that the vehicle is in good working condition.
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7. If the leased vehicle is at risk of damage, loss, theft, force majeure, etc. during the term of lease, Party B shall not be exempted from its obligation of paying
rent to Party A in accordance with this Contract. At the same time, Party B shall restore or repair the vehicle to a state in which it can be fully used. If the parts
need to be replaced, Party B shall purchase the parts of the same status, performance or value as those of the leased vehicle at Party B’s own expense.
8. To ensure the safety of the leased vehicle, a GPS system shall be installed. Party B promises not to modify or disassemble the system during the term of
lease and not to block the GPS signal. Otherwise, it shall be regarded as Party B’s default, and Party A has the right to take back the vehicle. If the GPS
system does not function well during the term of lease and Party B fails to cooperate with the repair within 24 hours after receiving the reminder from Party A,
Party A shall have the right to take back the vehicle for the maintenance of GPS.
Article 9 Special Agreement on Vehicle Repair and Maintenance
1. During the warranty period of the leased vehicle, Party B shall perform repair and maintenance at the maintenance place designated by Party A. If Party B
fails to perform repair and maintenance at the maintenance place designated by Party A, Party B shall be in breach of contract, in which case, Party A may
request Party B to perform secondary maintenance at the designated maintenance place, with all the expenses incurred borne by Party B. Where Party B needs
to entrust Party A to handle the maintenance and repair of the vehicle on behalf of Party B, it shall inform Party A at least one working day in advance. If
Party B fails to properly keep and regularly use the leased vehicle or fails to maintain and repair the vehicle according to the maintenance requirements, thus
leads to the loss of the leased vehicle, Party B shall be liable to Party A for compensation.
2. The dispute arising from the quality of the leased vehicle and the repair service shall be settled by negotiation between Party B and the supplier and the
maintenance service organization. Regardless of the result of the settlement, Party B’s obligation to pay rent and payables to Party A shall not be affected.
3. Parts that are installed or replaced on the vehicle due to repair, maintenance, etc. are an inseparable part of the vehicle and are owned by Party A.
Article 10 Agreement on the Insurance and Other Expenses Concerning the Leased Vehicle
1. If the insurance premium and purchase tax of the leased vehicle during the term of lease are paid by Party A entrusted by Party B, they shall be borne by
Party B. Party A shall make itself as the insured and the beneficiary to cover the insurances for the leased vehicle according to the insurance types and
insurance amounts specified below, and the expenses shall be borne by Party B:
1) Compulsory insurance for traffic accident of motor-
driven vehicle
*Compulsory
6) Carrier's liability insurance ≥RMB 0.5
million
*Compulsory
2) Vehicle damage insurance (not less than the new car
purchase price)
3) Third party liability insurance of motor-driven vehicle
≥RMB 1 million
4) Accident excess reduction for above insurance types 2)
and 3)
*Compulsory
7) Robbery and theft insurance
*Compulsory
*Compulsory
8) Glass breakage insurance
Optional
*Compulsory
9) Spontaneous combustion insurance
Optional (*Compulsory for
vehicles with vehicle age of
more than three years)
5) Insurance for special repair at 4S store
Optional
10) Other insurances selected by Party B
Optional
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2. The insurance types specified in the above table are only the minimum requirement for the insurance for the leased vehicle. Party B can increase the
insurance types and the insurance amount according to its own risk tolerance capacity. The leased vehicle shall be insured for a period not less than the term of
lease of the vehicle hereunder.
3. The documents for the leased vehicle such as insurance contracts, insurance policies, insurance invoices, etc. shall be kept by Party A.
4. If the leased vehicle is renewed during the term of lease, Party B shall pay the insurance premium to the account designated by Party A seven days before
the due date of the current insurance, and Party A shall handle the renewal procedure on its behalf.
5. As the insured and beneficiary in the insurance, Party A has the right to offset the due obligation of Party B with insurance indemnity when Party B fails to
perform its obligations as stipulated in this Contract. After the insurance indemnity offsets the payment, Party A or the third party designated by Party A has
the right to claim compensation from Party B.
6. During the lease period, if there is a traffic accident, Party B shall immediately notify the insurance company and Party A. Party B is responsible for
collecting relevant information and proofs for handling claim settlement with insurance companies. If the loss is caused by the delay of Party B, Party B shall
be liable for compensation.
7. During the possession and use of the leased vehicle by Party B, Party B shall bear responsibility for the safety of the leased vehicle. Party A shall not bear
any joint or advance payment liability; Party B shall be responsible for bearing the loss or deficiency after the insurance indemnity as to the economic
compensation liability for the leased vehicle and other property and personal loss caused by accident or other reasons.
8. Party B shall bear the losses arising from vehicle repair or ceased operation caused by the improper use by Party B or accident. Party B still needs to pay the
rent during the ceased operation period.
9. When the term of lease expires, if Party B continues to use or occupy the vehicle, it shall continually bear the insurance premium for the leased vehicle and
submit it to Party A for insurance coverage. If Party A makes payment in advance, Party B shall make payment to Party A. Party B shall also pay Party A the
rent in accordance with the rent amount and payment period stipulated in this Contract. Otherwise, all risks and consequences arising therefrom shall be borne
by Party B.
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Article 11 Agreement on the Loss of the Leased Vehicle
During the term of lease, if the leased vehicle is damaged, lost, defrauded, sublet, stolen or lent by Party B after it loses control of the leased vehicle, even if
Party B has no mistake or fault for the accident itself and its result, it will not exempt or reduce Party B’s compensation obligations to Party A. After the
above-mentioned circumstances such as loss occur, Party B shall promptly notify Party A and assist to report the case to the police department and the
insurance company. Party B also shall compensate Party A for the loss, which shall be based on the difference between the total unpaid rent for the leased
vehicle and the insurance indemnity. After Party B performs its compensation obligation, this Contract terminates and Party A shall return the lease deposit to
Party B without interest.
Article 12 Vehicle Take-back
1. Party B agrees that Party A may, by itself or by authorizing a third party, take measures to take back the leased vehicle for re-disposal if Party B delays the
rent payment or loses the ability to pay before the total contract value is fully paid and the proceeds will be used to settle the payables to Party A by Party B
hereunder, including but not limited to, the rent, interest, penalty interest, liquidated damages for the remaining term.
2. If the proceeds are insufficient to repay the amount payable by Party B, Party B shall make up the difference within seven days from the date of receiving
Party A’s notice. Party B shall cooperate with Party A’s vehicle disposal behavior and waive all defenses (including but not limited to the vehicle take-back
behavior, collected vehicle disposal price and son on). The liabilities and losses caused by the lessor taking measures to recover the vehicle shall be borne by
Party B.
Article 13 Guarantee
1. Way of Guarantee: Party C voluntarily provides Party A with irrevocable unlimited joint liability guarantee for Party B to perform all obligations under this
Contract and its annexes. Party C acknowledges that, at the time of guarantee, it fully acknowledges the contracting and operating conditions of both Party A
and Party B. This guarantee is independent, irrevocable and ongoing. The guarantor’s guarantee responsibility may not be modified by the invalidity or
revocation of this Contract, nor is it modified by the lessee and the guarantor’s behavior of changing their own management or operation system.
2. Scope of Guarantee:
(1) The rent, liquidated damages, damage awards and other payables that Party B need to pay hereunder as well as legal cost, attorneys' fees and other
expenses paid by Party A for the realization of the creditor's rights as agreed in this Contract;
(2) The investigation charge, litigation fee, notary fee, attorney's fee, insurance premium and preservation fee for Party A to realize the creditor's rights as well
as possible prepayments and other expenses for Party A. Where this Contract stipulates the specific amount, it shall be followed. If the specific amount is not
stipulated in this Contract, the receipts issued by the relevant units to Party A or the legal documents in force shall prevail.
3. If Party B fails to perform or fails to fully perform the obligations stipulated in this Contract, Party C shall perform on behalf of Party B to Party A within
five working days after receiving the notice from Party A, and Party C guarantees to waive any right of defense.
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4. Guarantee Period: It begins from the effective date of this Contract and ends when the rent that should be paid by Party B to Party A hereunder and possible
liquidated damages and losses are fully settled.
5. The parties agree that if Party B has bankruptcy proceedings and if, in the bankruptcy proceedings, Party B and other creditors reach a settlement agreement
or propose a reorganization plan, Party A’s rights under this Contract shall not be affected due to the settlement agreement or the reorganization plan and Party
C’s guarantee liability will not be relieved. Party C shall not compete against Party A’s claims for rights under the conditions stipulated in the settlement
agreement or the reorganization plan. If Party B and Party C have legal defense rights, Party B and Party C are willing to give them up. For the parts that are
not paid off despite Party A’s concessions to Party B in the settlement agreement or the reorganization plan, Party C shall still bear the guarantee liabilities.
6. Party C’s guarantee under this Contract is continuing. Its continuity is not affected by any disputes, claims or legal procedures nor shall be changed by the
Party B’s bankruptcy, inability to repay, loss of enterprise qualification, amendment of articles of association, or any essential changes or transfer of debts to a
third party.
7. When Party C loses its guarantee ability, Party B shall promptly inform Party A and provide a new guarantee approved by Party A; otherwise Party A may
request Party B to pay all the rent in advance.
Article 14 Prepayment
If Party B makes prepayment in advance during the term of lease, the repayment amount is equal to the total tax-included amount in this Contract minus the
total amount repaid by Party B. Before transferring the ownership of the leased vehicle to Party B. Party B shall pay the vehicle purchase price of the vehicle
RMB 1 (In words: ONE YUAN ONLY) and Party A shall cooperate with Party B to handle the vehicle transfer registration formalities, with the
corresponding expenses borne by Party B.
Article 15 Special Authorization
During the performance of this Contract, Party B authorizes Party A and the designated bank or institution to investigate in a legal manner the various types of
information of Party B and Party B’s family members (applicable to Party B as an individual), including the credit report obtained through the People’s Bank
of China Credit Information Basic Database. At the same time, Party A and the designated bank are authorized to share the above-mentioned information
authorized by Party B through investigation.
Article 16 Commitment on Information Authenticity
Party B and Party C understand that the information and data provided to Party A are the important judgment basis for Party A, Party B and Party C to enter
into this Contract. Party B and Party C guarantee the authenticity of various application data and information provided to Party A during its application and
contract performance. If Party B and Party C provide false application materials and information, Party A has the right to terminate this Contract, and Party B
and Party C shall be liable for compensation for the losses arising therefrom.
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Article 17 Obligation to Inform
Party B shall inform Party A when the following circumstances occur:
1. Party B’s permanent address, domicile, private telephone number and working telephone number change.
2. Party B changes employer or becomes unemployed.
3. The business address of Party B’s self-operated business is changed and Party B’s self-operated business is stopped or closed.
4. The marital status of Party B has been changed.
5. The vehicle is seriously damaged, lost or in other similar situations or seized, sealed up, confiscated, compulsorily occupied or subject to the similar
measures taken by government agencies, other institutions or individuals.
6. The above situation of the spouse of Party B has changed.
7. Party B is subject to compulsory measures or execution of penalties for criminal liability.
8. If Party B is an enterprise or institution, it shall promptly inform Party A of the equivalent information as stipulated in this Article.
Article 18 Notice
1. Notices, consents or other communications under this Contract must be written in Chinese and delivered in person, recognized international express,
registered mail or fax at the address below or other address or fax number notified by both parties.
Party A:
Contact:
Tel:
Email:
Fax:
Address:
Party B:
Contact:
Tel:
Email:
Fax:
Address:
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Party C:
Contact:
Tel:
Email:
Fax:
Address:
2. All notices or other communications sent to any party under this Contract shall be deemed to be officially delivered or made at the time of submission (if
delivered by hand or mailed) or upon receipt (if sent by fax). Notices or other communications received at the receiving place on non-working days or during
non-working hours shall be deemed to be served on the next business day of the place.
3. Timely Notification of Address Change
If a party changes any of the specifics described in Paragraph 1 of this Article, it must notify the other party in writing before the change takes effect.
Article 19 Liability for breach of contract
1. Party B shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Contract, deposit the payable amount of each period into the designated debit card by this Contract
on a monthly basis or otherwise pay in accordance with the Contract. If Party B fails to pay the current payables according to the specified time, it shall pay
the overdue interest to Party A equal to 3‰ of the overdue rent each day.
2. During the term of the lease, if the number of unhandled violations of the leased vehicle reaches 5 or the deducted points reaches 12 or above and Party B
still fails to handle it within one month after the notice of Party A, Party A has the right to use the rent of the current month as the priority for dealing with the
traffic violation, and the overdue liability therefrom shall be borne by Party B. If the rent for the current month is insufficient to cover the fines for traffic
violation, Party A shall be entitled to have deduction from the deposit paid by Party B. If Party B have traffic violations before Party A handles the mortgage
registration and Party B’s failure to handle them in the first time results in Party A’s registration failure due to the existence of traffic violation, Party A is
entitled to recover the vehicle.
3. If any of the following circumstances occurs, it shall be deemed a material breach of contract by Party B. In that case, Party A may terminate this Contract,
take back the leased vehicle and dispose of it by itself, all the money paid by Party B will not be refunded, and Party B will be required to pay the amount due
for each period and liquidated damages equal to 20% of the total tax-included contract value. If Party A is unable to take back the vehicle due to Party B’s
reasons, Party B shall pay Party A tax-included contract value minus total rent paid by Party B plus RMB 1. All the expenses resulting from Party A’s
realization of creditor’s rights, including but are not limited to legal cost, legal fee and travel expenses, shall be borne by Party B. In the case of a crime, Party
A has the right to report the case to the police department.
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(1) Party B fails to pay the installment according to the stipulated time and it is 15 days past the due date or there are two cumulative late payments;
(2) Party B is involved in litigation or causes the lease of the vehicle to be seized and impounded by judicial departments, such as public prosecutor’s office,
due to the deterioration of Party B’s assets;
(3) Before Party B fails to pay the amount due in accordance with this Contract, Party B sells, mortgages, pledges, subleases, transfers, makes investment with
or otherwise dispose of the leased vehicle without Party A’s written consent;
(4) Without Party A’s consent, Party B transfers, conceals, disassembles or illegally modifies the leased vehicle or conceals, disassembles, destroys or
otherwise invalidates the attachments to the leased vehicle, resulting in that Party A be exposed to the risk of losing the control over the leased vehicle;
(5) Party B has an abnormal movement in the use of the vehicle, or the contact information is incorrect or Party B cannot be reached;
(6) Party B dismantles or destroys GPS equipment without the permission by Party A, or Party A informs Party B to go to the designated place to inspect GPS
equipment but Party B refuses;
(7) Party B misrepresents or conceals facts in documents, such as application documents;
(8) Party B fully or partially loses its capacity for civil conduct or dies, and its guardian or heir fails to perform the Contract as agreed;
(9) Party B has other situations that will or may lead to the loss of capability to pay debts, including but not limited to:
A. Party B’s income has deteriorated significantly;
B. Party B is involved in criminal cases, economic disputes or other legal disputes;
C. Other debts due are not repaid; or
D. Other circumstances in which the contract performance ability is lost.
(10) Without the consensus, Party B unilaterally terminates this Contract;
(11) Party B violates other obligations as stipulated in this Contract.
4. If Party B’s failure to pay Party A insurance premium during the term of lease that results in Party A’s advance payment thereof, Party B shall pay the
overdue interest to Party A equal to 3‰ of the overdue amount each day.
5. If Party A has the right to terminate this Contract in accordance with the provisions of this Contract, within ten days after Party A sends a reminder notice to
Party B, Party B shall pay in full each installment of payables that are overdue, each installment of payable that have not expired but are deemed to be expired,
liquidated damages and all other payments due but unpaid by Party B to Party A.
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6. If Party B defaults, Party A has the right to include the breach of contract information in the People’s Bank of China’s Credit Information System, and Party
B shall bear the consequences therefrom.
7. If Party B is slack to its due credit right and causes losses to Party A, Party A may request the people’s court at the place where the contract is signed to
exercise the subrogation right in its own name. Party B shall bear such expenses from Party A’s exercise of the subrogation right as legal cost, attorney’s fee
and travel expense.
8. Where Party B waives its creditor’s right or is not able to transfer property, which causes damage to Party A, Party A may, in its own name, request the
people’s court of the place where the Contract is signed to revoke Party B’s waiver behavior. Where Party B’s property transfer at an obviously unreasonable
low price causes damage to Party A, and the transferee knows or should know the situation, Party A may, in its own name, request the people’s court of the
place where the Contract is signed to revoke Party B’s transfer behavior. Party B shall bear such expenses that result from Party A’s exercise of the right of
cancellation as legal cost, attorney’s fee and travel expense.
9. When Party A exercises statutory discharge or can unilaterally terminate the Contract according to the Contract, if Party A chooses to take back the leased
vehicle, Party B shall pay the rent due but unpaid, the penalty for traffic violation during the term of lease, the damages caused to Party A and other expenses
that should be borne by Party B and liquidated damages equal to 20% of the total tax-included contract value to Party A.
Article 20 Confidentiality Liability
1. Party B and Party C shall keep confidential Party A’s trade secrets obtained by during the performance of the Contract (not limited to business, finance,
technology, product information, customer information, other documents marked as confidential, undisclosed information and all information in this
Contract). Without the written permission of Party A, no party shall disclose such information to other parties; otherwise, it shall be liable for breach of
contract and compensate for the loss.
2. This confidentiality article is permanently valid and is not subject to the validity of this Contract.
Article 21 Others
1. This Contract is a financial lease contract. All parties have carefully read all the terms of this Contract and take reasonable measures to draw the attention of
other parties to the terms on exempting or limiting their responsibilities hereunder, and relevant terms are explained in accordance with the requirements of
other parties. Matters not covered in this Contract are implemented in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Where no provisions are made in
accordance with laws and regulations, Party A and Party B may reach a written supplemental agreement through negotiation, which has the same legal effect
as this Contract.
2. The annexes to this Contract and the relevant documents issued by Party B to Party A, including but not limited to, the power of attorney, commitment
letter, confirmation letter, payment form and application form, are all part of this Contract and have the same legal effect as this Contract.
3. Party B has no right to terminate or discharge the financial leasing contract. If Party B requests to cancel the legal relationship under this Contract in
advance due to special reasons, Party A has the right to review the request and decide whether to agree. The legal relationship under this Contract may not be
lifted without the written consent of Party A.
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4. As for all disputes concerning this Contract, if the negotiation thereon fails, Party A, Party B and Party C agree to the jurisdiction of the people's court of
the place where Party A is located.
5. When performing this Contract, Party A, Party B and Party C shall contact each other and send notices by letter or email. The address of the service shall be
the contact address or e-mail address of the party specified in this Contract. If Party A exercises the statutory right of rescission in accordance with this
Contract or agrees to terminate the Contract, it shall send a written letter via express mail or registered mail of rescission /termination to Party B to the address
specified in this Contract B, which shall be deemed to have been delivered and the Contract shall be terminated. In addition, notification can also be made in
the form of e-mail or text message, which will be deemed to be delivered to Party B on the third day after the above notice is sent.
6. The original of and the annex to this Contract are made in quintuplicate, with Party A holding three copies and Party B and Party C each holding two
copies, which have the same legal effect. The other required copies shall be agreed upon by both parties.
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There is no text below, which are the annex to and signature page of this Contract:
Party A (Lessor) (Seal):
Legal Representative (or Authorized Representative) (Signature):
Date of Contract Signing:
Party B (Lessee) (Signature and Seal)
Date of Contract Signing:
Party C (Guarantor) (Signature and Seal)
Date of Contract Signing:
Place of Contract Signing: Ruixi Auto Store at No. 777, Section 2, South 2nd Ring, Yuelu Street, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan (Opposite to Sunshine
100)
Annex:
The legally valid identification documents of the parties to the Contract (the legal person is the copy of the business license affixed with the company's official
seal, the natural person is the copy of the ID card with signature)
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Exhibit 10.31
Party A: Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Service Agreement
Address: Rm. 723, Bldg. 3A, Jinke Times Center, Xiangyang Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Changsha
Legal representative: Li Xianglong
Tel:
Party B:
ID Number:
Address:
Tel:
According to the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, Party A and Party B, in line with the principle of
honesty and trustworthiness, on the basis of equality and voluntary consultation, reach the following agreement pursuant to which Party A provides relevant
services concerning products under financial leases to Party B.
I. Content of Cooperation:
1. After Party B applies for the leased vehicle to Party A, Party A shall provide Party B with services, such as vehicle purchase, purchase tax, purchase of
insurance, vehicle registration, and assistance in handling relevant documents, in accordance with Party B’s specific needs.
2. Before the delivery of the vehicle, Party A shall provide Party B with training services on the specifications, skills and safety of online ride-sharing.
3. Party A shall provide Party B with the service of applying for “Transport Certificate for Online Appointed Taxi” and “Driver Certificate for Online
Appointed Taxi.”
4. Party A shall provide Party B with other services required for the leased vehicle.
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II. Term of Agreement
This Agreement will be valid from Party B’s application for the leased vehicle to Party A’s delivery of the vehicle that meets the requirements of Party B to
Party B.
III. Payment
Party B shall pay RMB __________ to Party A at lump sum at the time of submitting the application for the leased vehicle.
Party A’s designated account:
Account Holder: Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Bank: Bank of Changsha Co., Ltd., Liuyang Economic Development Zone Sub-branch
Account number: ****************************
IV. Tax
The tax for both parties due to the implementation of this Agreement shall be borne by parties respectively in accordance with the provisions of laws and
regulations.
V. Confidentiality
1. Any party to the Agreement has a confidentiality obligation to the other party's trade secrets obtained during the performance of this Agreement (not limited
to business, finance, technology, product information, customer information or other confidential documents or undisclosed information). Without the written
approval of the other party, neither party may disclose to a third party or use the other party's trade secrets without permission; otherwise, it shall bear the
liability for breach of contract and compensate for the loss, except for the requirements of relevant laws and regulations of the government.
2. This confidentiality term is permanently valid and is not subject to the validity of this Agreement.
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VI. Default
1. Where Party B fails to pay on time the service fee stipulated in this Agreement, Party A shall have the right to charge Party B for the overdue payment
penalty equal to RMB 50/day. If it is overdue for more than 15 days, Party A shall have the right to terminate this Agreement.
2. If Party A terminates this Agreement according to law or as agreed due to Party B’s breach of contract, or Party B unilaterally terminates this Agreement
without the statutory right of termination or the agreed right of termination, Party A will not refund the service fee and Party B shall pay Party A RMB 8,000
as the liquidated damages for the termination of this Agreement and compensate the losses caused to Party A.
3. Party A has the right to request Party B to bear the relevant expenses incurred due to breach of contract, including but not limited to, compensation for
losses, investigation fees, attorney’s fees, appraisal fees, transportation expenses, legal fees, execution fees, announcement fees, security expenses, property
disposal fees, transfer fees, vehicle traffic violation fines, late fees and other expenses incurred in realizing bonds.
VII. Discharge and Termination
1. Except as otherwise stipulated in this Agreement, Party A may unilaterally terminate this Agreement and investigate Party B's liability for breach of
contract in accordance with Article 6 of this Agreement in the event of any of the following:
(1) Party B seriously violates laws and regulations and industry management regulations, or seriously violates the management system recognized by the
industry management authority;
(2) Party B has a major service quality incident identified by the industry management authority, which has a negative influence on Party A’s reputation;
(3) Party B is revoked by the relevant authority of the Motor Vehicle Driving License;
(4) Party B is sentenced for violating national laws.
2. Where Party B unilaterally terminates the Agreement, it shall notify Party A in writing 30 days in advance and obtain the written consent of Party A.
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VIII. Force Majeure
1. Force majeure means the unforeseen (or foreseeable, but its occurrence or consequence unavoidable) earthquakes, typhoons, fires, floods, wars, strikes,
riots, hacking, technical and legal regulation in the telecommunications sector, forbidding policies and regulations or any other natural or man-made disasters
and accidents that are beyond the control of any party and resulting that any party cannot partially or fully perform this Agreement.
2. In the event of force majeure, the obligations of both parties under this Agreement will be suspended within the scope of the force majeure and its duration.
The term of cooperation may be extended according to the time limit for suspension, but the parties shall reach an agreement and neither party shall be liable
for this. The party claiming to be affected by force majeure shall notify the other party no later than 15 days after the occurrence of force majeure and shall
minimize the damage caused by force majeure. If force majeure lasts longer than 60 days and the parties fail to reach a resolution to continue to perform this
Agreement, either party has the right to terminate this Agreement by giving written notice to the other party.
IX. Miscellaneous
1. This Agreement shall become effective after being signed and sealed by an authorized representative of both parties. This Agreement will be in duplicate,
with each party holding one copy. As to matters not covered by this Agreement, Party A and Party B shall sign a written supplemental agreement, which has
the same legal effect as this Agreement.
2. During the performance of this Agreement, if there is a dispute between the two parties, they shall negotiate it in good faith. If the negotiation fails, it shall
be governed by the people's court of the place where Party A is located.
3. This Agreement is signed in Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province.
[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
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Seal of Party A:
Party B (Signature & stamp seal)
Legal/Authorized Representative:
ID Card Number:
Date of Signing: ___________________
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Exhibit 10.32
Automobile Affiliation Agreement
Party A: Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
Mailing address: Floor 2, Building 1, No. 2, Liudao Street, Jinma Town, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City
Legal representative: Chen Xiaoliang
Contact phone: 028-65410299
Party B:
ID card No.:
ID card address (mailing address):
Contact phone:
E-mail:
WHEREAS,
Party B needs to purchase an automobile via loan (including finance lease) and Party A recommends the loan lender (the “Lender”) to Party B. The
following agreement regarding the automobile purchase via loan and automobile affiliation with brokerage (hereinafter referred to as this “Agreement”) is
made and entered into by and between both parties via amicable negotiation, whereby both parties hereto agree to abide by all terms and conditions set forth
below:
I.
Information of Party B’s Affiliated Automobile
Automobile model
License plate No.
Frame No.
Engine No.
II.
Contents of Cooperation
1. Party A will recommend a Lender to Party B so that Party B can apply for loan to purchase an automobile and then register the automobile under
Party A’s name in the form of affiliation;
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2. Party A will assist Party B in going through loan procedures, collect and submit the materials required for loan application and pay relevant fees on
behalf of Party B;
3. According to Party B’s request, Party A will provide guarantee for the Lender to which Party B will apply loan, which means Party A will provide
guaranty for Party B’s loan application;
4. Party A will assist Party B in choosing the automobile conforming to the requirements and negotiating with the seller on the price, configuration,
payment, automobile acceptance and delivery;
5. Party A will provide after-loan tracking management for Party B and remind and urge Party B to repay the loan in time;
6. Party A will provide automobile tracking management for Party B and urge Party B to carry out maintenance and service periodically;
7. Party A will contact the insurance company in time for Party B if any traffic safety accident happens and coordinate the claim;
8. Party A will urge Party B to deal with illegal records at traffic management department in time if the automobile violates laws or rules;
9. Party A will provide online ride-sharing taxi platform and go through relevant formalities for Party B;
10. The ownership of the automobile belongs to Party B while Party A has the right to manage the automobile during the entire term of this Agreement.
11. Where Party B fails to pay off the purchase price of automobile via finance due to the cause attributable to the Lender, Party A will pay the difference
for Party B in advance and Party B shall repay the fees to Party A during the term of affiliation.
12. Party B shall pay the affiliation service fees for ( ) month (s) since MM YY by transferring the service fees to the account designated
by Party A prior to the day of each month.
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13. Both parties shall negotiate on the renewal of this Agreement one month prior to expiration. If the parties fail to reach a written cooperation agreement
via negotiation, Party B shall transfer the automobile to its own name through coordination unconditionally within one month after the expiration of
this Agreement by bearing the taxes and dues arising therefrom. The ownership of the license plate shall belong to Party A. Party A will help Party B
change the license plate without charging ownership transfer fees.
14. Both parties’ relationship under this Agreement is the cooperation relationship of “online ride-sharing” project and does not constitute any affiliation,
labor, or employment relationships.
III.
Validity of this Agreement
This Agreement remains valid for 36 months, from DD MM YY to DD MM YY.
IV.
V.
The platform operation right of the automobile belongs to Party A within the term of this Agreement.
Party B chooses the term and mode of payment in Paragraph below:
1. Party B shall pay Party A affiliation service fees of RMB /month on a monthly basis. If Party B fails to make payment in due time, Party A
may charge liquidated damages equal to RMB 50 for each day overdue. If Party B fails to pay the liquidated damages for over 15 days late in one time or for
three times within the whole term of this Agreement, Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement. Should Party A decide to terminate this Agreement, in
addition to the liquidated damages against overdue payment, Party A is entitled to remedies due to Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 of Article 9
hereof. The affiliation service fees include the capital and interests of loan collected/paid by Party A for the Lender by accepting Party B’s entrustment and the
automobile purchasing price paid by Party A for Party B in advance. Party A has no responsibilities if Party B violates the provisions on the payment of
capital and interests of the Lender’s loan due to its failure to pay affiliation service fees on time. Party A’s loss arising therefrom shall also be borne by Party
B.
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2. Party B shall pay Party A affiliation service fees of RMB in lump sum. If Party B fails to make payment in due time, Party A may charge
liquidated damages equal to RMB 50 for each day overdue. If Party B fails to pay the liquated damages for more than 15 days, Party A has the right to
terminate this Agreement. Should Party A decide to terminate this Agreement, in addition to the liquidated damages against overdue payment, Party A is
entitled to remedies due to Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 of Article 9 hereof. The affiliation service fees include the principal and interests of
loan collected/paid by Party A for the Lender by accepting Party B’s entrustment and the automobile purchasing price paid by Party A for Party B in advance.
Party A does not bear any responsibilities if Party B violates the provisions on the payment of capital and interests of the Lender’s loan due to its failure to pay
affiliation service fees in time. Party A’s loss arising therefrom shall also be borne by Party B.
VI.
Treatment of Traffic Violations
Party B shall finish handling the traffic violations of any respective month in following month. Otherwise, Party A will charge liquidated damages equal
to RMB 500/month. Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement if Party B fails to handle the traffic violations for three consecutive months. If Party A
agrees to handle Party B’s traffic violations on behalf of Party B voluntarily, Party A can ask Party B to compensate for the economic losses caused thereby,
such as all the penalties, liquidated damages, points of driving license (or fees paid for purchasing the points above) and traveling expenses.
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VII.
Insurance, Accident Treatment and Compensation
1. Party B is responsible for purchasing insurance for the automobile, including: compulsory insurance for traffic accident of motor-driven automobile,
automobile damage insurance, third party liability insurance (the coverage is no lower than RMB 1 million), theft and robbery insurance, insurance for
persons in automobile (the coverage is no lower than RMB 20,000 per seat), non-deductible special insurance, spontaneous combustion insurance and
operation insurance. Party A will purchase insurance for the automobile on behalf of Party B and pay the corresponding insurance premium (subject to the
actual amount of insurance policy and invoice) five working days prior to the expiration of the insurance. If Party B fails to make payment in due time, Party
A will purchase the insurance in advance and may charge liquidated damages equal to RMB 50 per day for past due payment. If Party B fails to pay the
liquated damages for over 15 days, Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement. Should Party A decide to terminate this Agreement pursuant to the
above, in addition to the liquidated damages against overdue payment, Party A is entitled to remedies Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 of
Article 9 hereof.
2. Upon the occurrence of traffic accident, Party B shall inform Party A within the shortest time possible and Party A will assist Party B in dealing with
claim and seek for the maximum insurance compensation for Party B. If the amount compensated by insurance cannot pay off the loss of traffic accident,
Party A has the right to ask Party B for further compensation.
VIII.
Confidentiality
I. For the purpose of this Agreement, “confidential information” refers to the information that Party A provides to Party B, including but not limited, to
technical and commercial information, file, data, standard, know-how, business or business operation method and other proprietary information, all terms of
this Agreement, other information related to this Agreement, all information, data and materials formed in performing this Agreement, Party A’s marketing or
sales promotion information, business strategy or practice and information about platform providers.
2. From the execution of this Agreement to the end of performance of this Agreement, the receiving party must keep confidential the secrets acquired.
Without the prior written consent of Party A, Party B cannot disclose the secrets to a third party, either directly or indirectly. If Party A suffers any loss or
losses due to Party B’s violations of this Article, Party B shall compensate Party A’s economic loss arising therefrom.
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3. The confidentiality obligations specified in the term will be binding on both parties even after the termination of this Agreement.
IX. Violation Liabilities
1. Party B shall be liable for any economic losses that result from any criminal offense or illegal act of Party B or suspension of driver’s license due to
drunk driving, intoxicated driving, drugged driving, traffic casualties and escaping, major traffic accidents. If Party A suffers any economic loss therefrom, it
can ask Party B to make full compensation and may terminate this Agreement. Should Party A decide to terminate this Agreement, it may request for
remedies due to Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 hereof.
2. Without Party A’s written consent, Party B shall not transfer the automobile to a third party; otherwise, Party A has the right to terminate this
Agreement. Should Party A decide to terminate this Agreement, it may request for remedy for Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 hereof.
3. When Party A terminates this Agreement pursuant to laws or this Agreement due to Party B’s breach of contract, or Party B terminates this
Agreement unilaterally without right of statutory rescission or right of rescission herein, Party B shall pay the unpaid affiliation service fees within the term of
this Agreement in lump sum (calculation formula: total affiliation service fees - fees that have been paid) and other payables. In addition, Party B shall also
pay liquidated damages of RMB 8,000 (RMB EIGHT THOUSAND Only). If the liquidated damages cannot compensate Party A’s loss thus caused, Party B
shall make further compensation.
4. Where Party B is unable to repay or stop repaying the principal and interests of the Lender’s loan due to its own cause, he/she shall inform Party A,
deliver the automobile to Party A and sign an agreement on automobile return. If Party B cannot make delivery of automobile due to its own cause, Party A
has the right to collect the automobile directly. Upon receipt of the automobile, Party A can dispose it and offset the loss with the income acquired through
disposal.
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5. If Party B breaches this Agreement, Party A has the right to request Party B to compensate the relevant cost caused by Party B’s breach, including but
not limited to, loss payment, investigation fees, attorney’s fees, identification fees, traveling expenses, legal fees, enforcement fees, announcement fees,
preservation fees, property disposal costs, ownership transfer fees, penalty of traffic violation, liquidated damages and other fees paid by realizing creditor’s
rights.
The total affiliation service fees as stipulated in this Agreement are RMB (RMB Only)
Article 10 Rescission and Termination of this Agreement
1. Party A can terminate this Agreement unilaterally and request for remedy due to Party B’s breach of contract as per Paragraph 3 of Article 9 hereof if
Party B involves any of the following cases, unless otherwise specified:
(1) Party B violates laws, regulations and industrial management regulations or the management system recognized by the industrial management
department seriously;
(2) Party B involves in serious service quality accident recognized by the industrial management department, exerting serious influence on Party A’s
reputation;
(3) Party B’s Driver’s License of Motor Automobile is revoked by relevant departments; or
(4) Party B is sentenced due to his/her violation of national laws.
2. Should Party B terminate this Agreement unilaterally, he/she shall inform Party A in writing 30 days in advance and acquire Party A’s written consent.
XI. Force Majeure
1. Force majeure refers to the disasters and accidents that happen within the term of this Agreement, are unpredicted (the occurrence or consequence
cannot be avoided even if they can be predicted), cannot be controlled by either party and make either party unable to perform this Agreement utterly, such as
earthquake, typhoon, fire, flood, war, strike, riot, hacker attack, technical control of telecommunication department, legal control, prohibitions of policies and
regulations and any other natural or artificial accidents.
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2. If force majeure happens, neither party needs to perform their obligations within the scope of influence and during the existence of force majeure.
The term of cooperation can be extended accordingly based on the term of suspension after both parties reach consensus. In such case, neither party needs to
bear responsibilities. The party suffering force majeure shall inform the other party no later than 15 days upon the occurrence of force majeure and try the best
to minimize the loss caused by force majeure. If force majeure remains for over 60 days and both parties fail to reach an agreement regarding the continuous
performance of this Agreement, either party can terminate this Agreement by sending a written notice to the other party.
XII. Dispute Resolution
Any dispute arising out of the interpretation and performance of this Agreement shall be resolved by both parties via negotiation. If negotiation fails,
both parties agree to file a lawsuit to the people’s court where this Agreement is signed.
XIII. Miscellaneous
1. Party B shall pay Party A an automobile purchase service fees of RMB in lump sum after the execution of this Agreement.
2. All the notices or written letters between the parties must be made in Chinese and sent to the other via SMS, EMS or email according to the contact
information on the first page of this Agreement (contact phone, address or mail). The notices and letters sent via SMS are considered as delivered when the
SMS is sent to the phone on the first page. Notices and letters sent via email are considered as delivered when it enters the email system designated by the
recipients. Notices and letters sent via EMS are considered as delivered on the fifth day upon the sending.
3. In case of changing the contact information on the first page of this Agreement, the party must inform the other party in writing; otherwise, the notices
and letters sent via the original SMS, EMS or emails on the first page are considered as delivered to the recipients.
4. On behalf of Party B, Party A purchase the automobile based on the make and model specified by Party B. The ownership of the affiliated automobile
shall belong to Party B when it is delivered to Party A by the dealer.
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5. Any matters unmentioned herein shall be resolved by both parties via negotiation by entering a supplemental agreement. In case of any inconsistency
between the supplemental agreement and this Agreement, the former shall prevail. Any matter not provided in the supplemental agreement shall be subject to
this Agreement.
6. Special prompt: Party A has reminded Party B to pay attention to all terms contained herein comprehensively and accurately and made
explanations regarding relevant terms at the request of Party B. Party B has finished reviewing all terms of this Agreement. Both parties have
reached consensus on the meaning of the terms contained herein and agree to sign and abide by this Agreement voluntarily.
7. This Agreement is made in triplicate with Party A holding two and Party B holding one and comes into effect once signed or sealed by both parties.
(No text hereunder)
Party A (seal):
Party B (signature):
ID card No.:
Place of signature: Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province
Date of signature: DD MM YY
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Property Leasing Contract
Exhibit 10.33
Contract No.: _________________
Lessor: Hunan Dingchentai Investment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Party A”)
Lessee: Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Party B”)
According to the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations, in order to clarify the rights and obligations of both
parties, on an equal and voluntary basis, Party A and Party B hereby enter into this contract (this “Contract”) pursuant to which, Party A leases its property to
Party B and Party B leases Party A’s property after reaching a consensus.
Article 1 Property Profile
Party A agrees to lease the following property to Party B and Party B is willing to rent the property below (the “Property”).
Location (Detailed Address): 9/F, Building 1, Huitong Building, 168 Hehua Road, Furong District, Changsha.
Space: 625 square meters.
Article 2 Term of Lease and Purpose
1. The term of lease is 60 months from November 1, 2018 to October 31, 2023.
2. Party B guarantees to Party A that the Property is for office use only.
3. Before the expiration of the lease term, if Party B needs to continue to rent the Property, it must inform Party A thirty days in advance. If Party A continues
to lease the Property, Party B has the right of first refusal and the Contract may be renewed upon Party A’s consent.
4. When the Contract expires and Party B cannot find another property, Party A shall give a one-month grace period, and the rent for the grace period is the
same as the rent agreed in this Contract.
Article 3 Rent and Term of Deposit Payment
1. Party A and Party B agree that the monthly rent is tax-included RMB 25,325.00 (RMB TWENTY FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED TWENTY
FIVE YUAN ONLY). The rent shall be paid on a quarterly basis. In the first month of the term of lease, Party B shall pay the rent for the first quarter to Party
A, with the next quarter’s amount paid at the end of each quarter afterwards. Party A shall promptly provide Party B with a formal value-added-tax (“VAT”)
invoice for rent.
2. Party A shall ensure that the VAT invoice issued to Party B is full, true, legal and valid. If Party B has tax risks or economic losses in the future (including
but not limited to taxes, late fees, fines, related losses, etc.) due to Party A or due to the VAT invoice, Party A shall be fully liable therefor and Party B
reserves the right to initiate further legal proceedings.
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3. The lease deposit is RMB 10,000 (RMB TEN THOUSAND YUAN ONLY). After Party A receives the deposit, Party A shall provide Party B with a formal
deposit receipt.
The lease deposit is not used as the rent from Party B and is only used to protect the integrity of the Property. Where the lease expires or the parties agree to
terminate this Contract in advance and Party B has no intention to damage the Property, Party A shall return the lease deposit in full without interest. In case
of any man-made damage, Party A has the right to deduct from the deposit in advance according to the market price (Party A should provide legal evidence
for the paid part), with the rest returned to Party B without interest.
Article 4 Rights and Obligations of Party A
1. Party A shall deliver the Property to Party B within the agreed time and ensure that the facilities of the Property for power supply, heating, water supply and
sewage discharge are in working order. In case of water leakage, abnormal supply of water and electricity that affects the normal use of the Property by Party
B, Party A shall resolve it within one day after receiving the notice from Party B.
2. Party A shall guarantee that the title of the Property is clear, and the firefighting acceptance is qualified and meets the using requirements of the Property
leased. If the Property has a title dispute or creditor's rights and debts related to Party A, Party A shall be held accountable. Party A shall compensate Party B
for the losses caused thereby.
3. Party A shall be responsible for the regular inspection of the Property and bear the normal property maintenance costs. If Party B or the third party suffers
personal and property losses due to Party A’s delay in repairing the Property, Party A shall be fully responsible therefor.
4. If Party A needs to sell, transfer or mortgage the Property, Party A must notify Party B in writing three months in advance and expressly guarantee that such
sale or transfer will not affect the performance of this Contract. Otherwise, Party A shall double the refund of the deposit and fully compensate Party B for the
expenses incurred in the renovation of the Property. If it causes other losses to Party B, Party A shall be responsible for compensation.
5. At the end of the term of lease, Party B is allowed to relocate or remove its own items such as air conditioners that are installed at Party B’s own expense at
the time of entry, but the principle is that such removal shall not affect the original condition of the Property at the time of initial delivery.
Article 5 Rights and Obligations of Party B
1. Party B guarantees to pay the rent to Party A on time within the term of lease. Where Party B has a special reason (such as business trip, etc.), the consent
of Party A is necessary for late rent payment.
2. Party B shall use the Property as per the situation at the time of handover of the Property and shall not arbitrarily change the main structure of the Property.
If it is necessary to renovate or change the internal structure or facilities of the Property, it shall obtain Party A’s consent in advance.
3. Except force majeure, where the Property or its facilitates are damaged due to Party B’s improper use or other human factors, Party B shall repair or be
responsible for compensation.
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4. Without the written consent of Party A during the term of lease, Party B shall not sublease all or part of the leased Property to a third party or exchange it
with a third party for use. Otherwise, Party A has the right to terminate the Contract, recover the leased Property and refund the deposit.
5. Party B must use the Property according to the specified purpose hereunder. If there is any illegal act in the Property, Party B shall be deemed to have a
material breach of the contract. Party A has the right to terminate the Contract in advance, recover the leased Property, and refund the deposit.
6. Party B shall pay attention to fire safety and shall not illegally store dangerous articles such as flammables or explosives in the Property.
7. Where Party A charges Party B the fee other than the agreed rent, Party B shall have the right to refuse to make payment.
Article 6 Default
1. Once this Contract is signed, both parties shall perform in accordance with the Contract. If any party fails to perform, partially performs or is not willing to
perform any of the terms stipulated in this Contract or unilaterally terminates or cancels this Contract, such act constitutes a breach of contract and the
breaching party shall be liable to the other party therefor, in which case, the breaching party shall pay the other party a liquidated damage of 20% of the annual
rent hereunder and compensate for all losses caused thereby.
2. Where Party A fails to deliver an eligible property to Party B in time according to the Contract, Party A shall pay Party B a equal to 1% of the monthly rent
for each day overdue. If Party A has overdue delivery for more than 15 days, Party B has the right to terminate the Contract and Party A shall double refund
the deposit of Party B together with all rents paid by Party B and compensate for the losses caused to Party B.
3. Party B shall pay the rent on time. If the rent is overdue for no reason and is delayed without the consent of Party A, Party A shall charge a penalty equal to
1% of the monthly rent for each day overdue. Where Party B defaults on rent payment and fails to notify Party A of the reason for 15 days, Party A has the
right to terminate this Contract and it shall be deemed that Party B automatically give up the right to rent the Property.
Article 7 Disclaimer
Where there is a need to dismantle or renovate the leased Property due to municipal construction, Party A shall notify Party B three months in advance. In this
case, both Party A and Party B shall not be liable the losses to the other party.
Where the Contract is terminated due to the above reasons, the rent shall be calculated based on the actual use time, with refund for any overpayment or a
supplemental payment for any deficiency. At the same time, Party A shall refund the deposit of RMB 10,000.00 (RMB TEN THOUSAND YUAN ONLY) to
Party B.
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Article 8 Dispute
In the event of a dispute for the performance of this Contract, the parties shall first resolve it through friendly negotiation. If the negotiation fails, they may file
a lawsuit in the court where the Property is located.
Article 9 For matters not covered by this Contract, Party A and Party B may have negotiation thereon and sign a supplemental agreement. The supplemental
agreement shall have the same legal effect as this Contract after being signed and sealed by both parties.
Article 10 Supplementary Provisions
The Contract shall take effect from the date of signature and seal by both parties. It is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B holding one copy
respectively.
Article 11 Miscellaneous
1. Interior decoration and main equipment of the Property
Decoration situation: general decoration standard; main equipment situation: none.
2. Other matters: Party B rents the Property for the normal and legal use as office or AIC registration address. If the lease is not renewed before expiration,
before both parties terminate this Contract, Party B needs to change the business registration address. Otherwise it shall be deemed as Party B’s breach of this
Contract, in which case, Party B shall pay liquidated damages of RMB 5,000 to Party A.
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Party A (Leaser): Hunan Dingchentai Investment Co., Ltd.
Legal representative or authorized representative:
/s/ Xiaojuan Lin
Date of Signing: October 31, 2018
Party B (Lessee): Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Legal representative or authorized representative:
Date of Signing: October 31, 2018
Place of Signing: Changsha, Hunan
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Exhibit 10.34
20190109-1
Party A: Chengdu Taozhi Parking Management Service Co., Ltd.
Party B: Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
Parking Lot Lease
Pursuant to the provisions of Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as “Contract Law”) and other relevant laws and
regulations, the following contract (“Lease”) on the lease of operation site is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B on the basis of
voluntariness and mutual benefits via negotiation.
I. Operation Site
Party B plans to lease Party A’s vacant land at Group 3, Gaobei Village, Julong Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, which could be used as 90 parking
lots.
II. Term of Lease
One year, from January 10, 2019 to January 10, 2020. Both parties can renew this Lease upon the expiration.
III. Rent and Payment
IV. The total fees per year are RMB 108,000 (RMB ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHT THOUSAND Only).
Payment: Party B shall pay rent to Party A every three months (i.e., RMB 27,000 (RMB TWENTY SEVEN THOUSAND Only)).
V. Rights and Obligations
(i) Party A’s rights
1. Party A shall level and tamp the site and install a gate upon the execution of this Lease to ensure the land leased by Party B can park vehicles
smoothly.
2. If the land is zoned and used by the government during the term of this Lease, Party B must obey the government’s decision unconditionally. In such
case, Party A shall inform Party B in writing one month in advance and does not need to compensate Party B’s facilities . Party A shall refund the rent
that Party B has paid for the period not occupied by Party B.
3. Party A may not deliver the land to Party B until the land passes the leveling acceptance according to Party B’s requirements.
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(ii) Party B’s rights:
1. Party B shall abide by laws and disciplines as well as the relevant regulations of the district, town and village, keep the environment clean and tidy and
avoid arbitrary building within the site during the entire term of this Lease. Once Party B is found constructing buildings arbitrarily, Party A has the
rights to request Party B to rectify and in such case, Party A does not need to compensate Party B. All the economic losses and legal consequences
arising therefrom shall be borne by Party B.
2. Party B shall be responsible for keeping all the materials within the site after the site passes acceptance and bear the property loss incurred at its sole
discretion, if any.
3. Party B can use the site solely during the entire term of this Lease and shall not transfer it or change its nature of use. In case of subleasing the site,
Party B shall inform Party A in advance. If Party B is found violating the provisions, Party A is entitled to remedy and terminate this Lease.
4. Any dispute arising therefrom shall be resolved by both parties via negotiation. If, however, negotiation fails, both parties can choose to file a lawsuit
to Wuhou People’s Court.
5. This Lease is executed in triplicate with each party holding one and the rest one for filing.
Party A:
Party A’s signature:
Authorized representative:
Seal: Chengdu Taozhi Parking Management Service Co., Ltd.
Party B:
Party B’s signature:
Authorized representative:
Seal: Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
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Exhibit 10.35
Party A (Lessor):
Lease
Company: Sichuan EFOX Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. (business license number): 91510129679676583Q
Address: Industrial Avenue, Industrial Zone, Jinyuan Town, Dayi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province
Legal Representative: Tang Jianming
Party B (Lessee):
Company: Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd. /(business license number): 91510115MA62NLDU04
Address: Room A101, Dahecang, No. 511 Xingshi Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City
Legal Representative: Chen Xiaoliang
In accordance with the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws and regulations, Party A and Party B hereby reach a consensus
as below through amicable negotiation and on the principle of equality and mutual benefit in respect of the matter that Party B leases Party A’s
lawful premises:
I. Location and Use of the Premises:
Party A agrees to lease to Party B the property situated at No. 42 and No. 43, Floor 4, Building 1, No. 511 Xingshi Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu,
with a building area of 711.81 square meters and ownership certificate numbers of (record number of house purchase contract) Sichuan (2018) Chengdu Real
Estate Rights No.0241978 and Sichuan (2018) Chengdu Real Estate Rights No.0241979 (hereinafter referred to as the “Premises”), which is leased to Party B
in good condition for office use without mortgage.
II. Lease Term and Rent-free Period:
1) The lease term is 3 years, from September 29, 2018 to September 28, 2021. The rent-free period is 28 days, from October 1, 2018 to October 28,
2018. Party A shall deliver the Premises prior to September 29, 2018, and if it fails to deliver the Premises for 7 days, it shall be deemed as Party A’s breach
of contract. Party B shall return the Premises on September 28, 2021. If it fails to return the Premises for 7 days, it shall be deemed as Party B’s breach of
contract.
2) After the lease term expires, Party A shall be entitled to take back the Premises. If Party B does not renew the lease, it shall return the Premises as
scheduled pursuant to the provisions of this Lease. If Party A continues to lease or sell the Premises, Party B shall have the right of first refusal to lease and
purchase it.
III. Rent: (cid:133)Rent Excluding Tax; (cid:133)Rent Including Tax
1) The monthly rent for the first 2 years of the lease term (i.e. from October 28, 2018 to October 27, 2020) is RMB 30,800.00 (in words: Thirty
Thousand Eight Hundred Yuan Only); the lease term starts from the third year (from October 28, 2020 to October 27, 2021) with the rent increasing by 3%
year by year from the previous year. That is, the monthly rent is RMB 31,724.00, and the rent shall be paid to Party A 15 days prior to the expiration of the
rent for the previous lease term; the rent for the first term is RMB 184,800.00 (in words: One Hundred and Eighty-four Thousand Eight Hundred Yuan Only),
and Party B shall deliver it to Party A prior to October 8, 2018. Party B shall pay the rent by bank transfer, and Party A’s designated account is as follows:
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2) Account Name: Tang Jianming
3) Bank of Deposit: Chengdu Railway Sub-branch of China Construction Bank
4) Account No.: ******************
5) When Party A confirms receipt of Party B’s rent, Party A shall issue a rent receipt to Party B, Party B shall be responsible for keeping the rent
receipt, and Party B shall use the rent receipt or debit note as payment voucher.
6) During the lease term and rent-free period, Party B shall pay the monthly property management fees, usage fees of central air conditioning,
communication fees, cleaning fees, utilities and other related expenses of the Premises.
IV. 1) When entering into this Lease, Party B must immediately pay RMB 30,000.00 (in words: Thirty Thousand Yuan) to Party A as deposit for leasing the
Premises. If Party A delivers the Premises on the delivery date prescribed herein and Party B receives the Premises, the deposit shall be converted into rent,
which shall be deducted from the rent payable to Party A by Party B.
2) Where Party B fails to fulfill the terms and conditions of this Lease, which renders it impossible to successfully complete this Lease, it shall be
deemed as Party B’s breach of contract. In that event, the deposit that Party B has already paid to Party A shall belong to Party A, and Party A shall have the
right to sublease the Premises to anyone. After Party B makes the above compensation, Party A may not demand further compensation or require Party B to
fulfill this Lease.
3) Where Party A fails to fulfill the terms of this Lease and cannot hand over the Premises, which renders it impossible to successfully complete this
Lease, it shall be deemed as Party A’s breach of contract, and Party A must return the deposit to Party B. After Party A makes the above compensation, Party
B may not demand further compensation or require Party A to fulfill this Lease.
V. Security Deposit:
1) Party B shall pay a security deposit of RMB 30,000.00 (in words: RMB Thirty Thousand Yuan Only) to Party A prior to September 29, 2018. Party A
shall issue a receipt of security deposit, and Party B shall be responsible for keeping it. After the lease term expires, Party B shall be responsible for settling
the relevant expenses to be assumed by Party B for the use of the Premises. Under the circumstances that the furniture, electrical appliances and related
facilities in the Premises are not damaged (except for normal wear and tear), Party A shall refund the security deposit to Party B in full (without interest).
2) In the event that Party B violates relevant provisions of this Lease during the term of this Lease, resulting in Party A’s failure to collect the rent as
scheduled or Party B’s failure to pay the expenses (water bill, electricity charges, property management fees, etc.), Party A may deduct part or all of the
security deposit to offset the payment. If the security deposit is insufficient to cover the relevant expenses, Party B shall make up for outstanding amount
within ten days upon receipt of Party A’s payment notice.
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VI. Responsibilities of the Parties:
1) When Party A leases the Premises, Party A represents and warrants that it owns the legal title certificate, full title or legal disposition right to the
Premises, and shall be entitled to lease the Premises. The co-owner or the third party (obligee) of the Premises agrees to lease the Premises, and Party A
represents and warrants that all information provided to Party B about the Premises is true and legal, and all legal liabilities and economic compensation
arising therefrom shall be undertaken by Party A.
2) During the lease term and rent-free period, if Party B intentionally damages the Premises and its facilities or causes damages arising from improper
use, Party B shall be responsible for repairing and restoring the Premises to its original state or compensating for economic losses, and the expenses incurred
therefrom shall be for the account of Party B. In the event of normal wear and tear, Party A shall be responsible for repair and maintenance.
3) When using the Premises, Party B shall not change the structure or use the Premises arbitrarily, and shall not store any contraband, inflammable,
explosive and other articles. In the meantime, it must strictly comply with the laws of the People’s Republic of China and relevant regulations of the local
property management department.
4) During the lease term and rent-free period, if Party B fails to make rent payments for seven working days or more, or fails to pay the monthly
property management fees, usage fees of central air conditioning, communication fees, cleaning fees, utilities and related fees for two days or more during the
lease term of the Premises, Party B shall be deemed to be in breach of contract. If this Lease is terminated due to Party B’s breach of contract, Party B shall
take all the responsibilities arising from the breach of contract.
5) In the event that Party A terminates this Lease during the lease term and rent-free period, it must notify Party B in writing three months in advance,
return the security deposit received to Party B, and compensate Party B for all decoration and equipment payments (subject to the list, receipt or invoice of
decoration and equipment cost provided by Party B) and the security deposit of the same amount as liquidated damages. The prepaid rent for non-occupancy
days shall be returned by Party A to Party B (without interest).
6) Where Party B terminates this Lease during the lease term and rent-free period, it must notify Party A in writing three months in advance. In the
meantime, the security deposit received by Party A will not be returned to Party B, and Party A shall return to Party B the remaining rent after deducting the
rent for the actual rental days of the Premises from the prepaid rent (without interest).
7) Party B may not sublease the Premises to a third party for any reason.
8) If this Lease is terminated due to Party B’s breach of contract, Party A shall be entitled to unilaterally repossess the Premises without Party B’s
consent. Party B shall unconditionally move out of the Premises within three working days upon receipt of Party A’s notice and shall not damage the hardware
decoration equipment. If it fails to do so in time, it shall be deemed that Party B abandons its own belongings in the Premises, which shall be subject to Party
A’s arbitrary disposal.
9) After the lease term expires, Party B may move the indoor equipment and corresponding office supplies out of the Premises without damaging the
hardware decoration equipment; Party A shall not require Party B to restore it to the status quo prior to the lease.
10) During the lease term and rent-free period, except for force majeure, Party A and Party B must perform their respective obligations according to this
Lease.
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11) The valid document delivery addresses of the Parties to the Lease are the contact addresses recorded herein, and the document shall be deemed to be
delivered within five working days from the date of mailing.
VII. Miscellaneous:
1) The execution, effectiveness, interpretation and disputes of this Lease are all applicable to Chinese laws. In the event of any dispute, the parties to this
Lease shall first resolve it through amicable negotiation. If negotiation fails, either party may file a lawsuit to the People’s Court in the place where Party A is
situated.
2) Party A and Party B agree that apart from the contents of this Lease, if there is any change or supplement to the contents of this Lease, Party A and
Party B agree to supplement it with a written supplement agreement, which shall go into effect upon signature of the parties.
3) This Lease is made in quadruplicate, which shall enter into force upon signatures of Party A and Party B, with Party A and Party B each holding two
copies respectively, all of which shall be equally authentic with respect to legal effect.
4) Annexes to this Lease: 1. Detailed List of House Equipment; 2. Premises Delivery Form.
VIII. Supplementary Provisions
Lessor (Party A): Sichuan EFOX Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.
Lessee (Party B):
Legal Representative: Tang Jianming
Legal Representative:
Identity Card (Copy with Official Seal):
Identity Card (Copy with Official Seal):
Tel:
Tel:
Agent: /s/Lian Guozhen
Agent: /s/ Wang Qin
Identity Card (Copy with Official Seal):
Identity Card (Copy with Official Seal):
Tel:18980572638
Date: September 29, 2018
Tel:15008446808
Date: September 29, 2018
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Exhibit 10.36
20181212-1
Party A (Lessor): Pan Feng, ID No.: (***********************)
Office Lease
Contact Address: Room 102, Unit 2, Building 15, Shidai Zuncheng, No.399, Dongpo Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu City
Tel: (Pan Feng) ***********
Party B (Lessee): Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
Contact address: Floor 2, Building 1, No. 2, Liudao Street, Jinma Town, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City
ID No.: Chen Xiaoliang (*********************)
Tel: (Chen Xiaoliang) **************
In accordance with the provisions of Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws and regulations, Party A and Party B hereby make
and enter into the following agreement through amicable negotiation and on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:
I. Basic Situation of the Subject Matter of Lease
1.1 Housing Location: No.3, Floor 1, Building 1, No.511, Xingshi Road, Section 1, West 3rd Ring Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City (the
“Premises”). Rental Purpose: office use.
1.2 Property Certificate No.: 0047723
1.3 Housing Building Area: 1,091 square meters
1.4 Ancillary Facilities: When the original landlord (Wang Xue) handed the house over to Party B, the Premises shall be simply decorated (with floor
tiles, etc.).
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II. Lease Term
2.1 Party B leases the Premises for office use from December 15, 2018 to December 14, 2019, with a lease term of one year.
2.2 Upon expiration of the lease term, Party A shall be entitled to take back the leased Premises and Party B shall return it in good condition as
scheduled.
III. Rent and Payment Methods
3.1 During the lease term, the rent shall be 45,000 Yuan/month, amount in words: Forty-five Thousand Yuan/month;
3.2 Term and Method of Rent Payment: The rent shall be paid every six months. The rent for the first installment shall be RMB 270,000 (in words: Two
Hundred and Seventy Thousand Yuan) paid by Party B to Party A within 3 days after the parties have entered into this Lease; the rent for the second
installment shall be paid prior to May 31, 2019, and Party A shall issue a receipt to Party B within 3 days from the date of receipt of Party B’s rent.
Party A’s Account Name: Hou Xu;
Account No.: *****************;
Bank of Deposit: Bank of China Hunan Changsha Jingwanzi Sub-branch.
3.3 Starting and Ending Time of House Rent Collection:
From December 15, 2018 to December 14, 2019, the monthly rent is RMB 45,000 (in words: RMB Forty-Five Thousand Yuan); for 12 months, the total
amount is RMB 540,000 only (in words: RMB Five Hundred and Forty Thousand Yuan only).
3.4 All expenses incurred during the term of the Lease, including without limitation to water, electricity, gas, communications, equipment, property
management and so on shall be for paid by Party B.
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3.5 The above rent is received by Party A after deduction of tax. During the lease term, Party A’s taxes and fees in property leasing involved shall be
paid by Party B, who shall be responsible for the declaration and payment of taxes and fees.
IV. Other Expenses
4.1 During the lease term, Party B shall bear the expenses for water, electricity, gas, communications, equipment, property management and other
expenses incurred for the use of the Premises and make payments on time pursuant to the regulations of relevant authorities.
V. Deposit
5.1 Lease Deposit: The deposit under this Lease is RMB 45,000 (in words: Forty-Five Thousand Yuan Only). Within 3 days after entering into this
Lease, Party B shall pay a lease deposit of RMB 45,000 to Party A, and Party A shall also furnish Party B with a receipt as payment voucher.
Upon termination of the Lease, provided that Party B returns the Premises to Party A in good condition and the expenses agreed herein to be assumed by
Party B have been well settled, Party A shall return all the lease deposit collected from Party B (without interest) within 3 days after the expiration of Lease.
5.2 In the event that Party B violates relevant regulations during the term of this Lease, resulting in Party A’s failure to collect the rent as scheduled or
Party B’s failure to pay its due fees, or Party B’s damage to the transferred premises or other liabilities for breach of contract, Party A shall be entitled to
deduct the fees directly from Party B’s deposit. Where the deposit is insufficient to cover relevant expenses, Party B shall make up the difference within three
days upon receipt of Party A’s payment notice.
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VI. Party A’s Obligations
6.1 Party A must ensure that the Premises and its public facilities is applicable for normal use by Party B, the building structure of the Premises is firm
and durable, and the original decoration is well maintained. If the Premises is damaged due to force majeure and other problems, Party A shall be responsible
for timely contacting the construction party for repair, and relevant expenses incurred therefrom shall be at Party A’s expense.
6.2 Party A shall ensure that there is no property right dispute or use dispute in the Premises, and Party A shall be solely responsible for any disputes
arising therefrom.
6.3 When Party A acts as the owner, it shall ensure that during the term of the Lease, it shall not unilaterally terminate the Lease and take back the
Premises unless Party B breaches this Lease or the parties reach a consensus through negotiation. In the event that Party A has to terminate this Lease due to
the sale of the Premises, Party A shall notify Party B 30 days in advance, return the deposit to Party B, and compensate Party B the amount equivalent to the
deposit as compensation. After deducting the rent for the actual number of days of residence from the rent already paid by Party B, the remaining paid rent for
non-occupancy shall be returned by Party A to Party B (without interest).
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6.4 Apart from the sale of the Premises, Party A shall be deemed to be in breach of this Lease if the unfavorable conditions in Paragraph 6.2 and
Paragraph 6.3 of Article 7 above occur due to Party A. Party B shall be entitled to notify Party A to terminate this Lease, require Party A to return the
remaining rent and deposit of the Premises to Party B, and request Party A to pay one month’s rent as liquidated damages. When the liquidated damages are
insufficient to compensate for the losses of Party B, Party B shall be entitled to claim compensation from Party A separately.
6.5 Party B is aware of the fire protection requirements of the Premises, and all fire protection filing fees shall be at Party B’s expense.
VII. Party B’s Obligations
7.1 Party B’s business contents must conform to relevant national laws and regulations, and rule-breaking and illegal contents shall be prohibited.
7.2 Party B shall pay the rent and deposit to Party A in full and on time as specified herein. Where Party B fails to make payment within the time limit,
Party A shall send a reminder to Party B in the forms of, including, without limitation, telephone, WeChat, email, etc., and Party B shall make payment within
3 days upon receipt of Party A’s (written) reminder. Otherwise, Party A may terminate this Lease, enter its own Premises for management, and take back the
Premises. All expenses and legal consequences arising therefrom shall be undertaken by Party B.
7.3 During the term of the Lease, Party B shall not sublease the Premises of Party A. If Party B subleases the Premises to a third party again, Party B
shall pay five times of annual rent and liquidated damages to Party A, and Party B shall hand over the Premises to Party A in good condition within three days
upon receipt of Party A’s written notice.
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7.4 Party B shall comply with relevant national and local laws and regulations and pay water, electricity, property management and other expenses on
time. Party B shall take the responsibility for any violation of laws and regulations and neighborhood disputes. Party B shall not change the structure and use
of the Premises arbitrarily, and shall not store any contraband, inflammable and explosive articles and so on.
7.5 Party B shall take good care of the Premises. When the main structure of the Premises is damaged for Party B’s reasons, Party B shall be responsible
for repair and compensation according to the facts.
7.6 Within 30 days prior to the expiration of the term of the Lease, Party B shall allow Party A or its agent to take the decoration company or the guests
who intend to lease or purchase the Premises to visit and inspect, and Party B shall voluntarily waive the right to renew the Lease or any right of first refusal.
7.7 If the unfavorable conditions specified in the following Paragraph 8.1 to Paragraph 8.4 occur for Party B’s reasons, it shall be deemed as breach of
contract, and the rent and deposit received by Party A will not be refunded. Meanwhile, Party B shall pay another five-month rent to Party A as liquidated
damages, and Party A shall be entitled to continue to investigate Party B’s liability for breach of contract.
VIII. Supplementary Agreements
8.1 "Premises in good condition" mentioned herein refers to the main structure of the Premises.
8.2 Party B shall ensure that the Premises is clean and tidy when returning the Premises to Party A.
8.3 During the term of the Lease, Party B shall not sublease the Premises.
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8.4 Party B must not declare any type of company registration using the address of the Premises without Party A’s permission.
IX. Dispute Resolution
Any dispute arising from the performance of this Lease shall be resolved through negotiation by the parties. If negotiation fails, the parties agree to
resolve the dispute by the following method: to file a lawsuit to the People’s Court of Chengdu High-Tech Industrial Development Zone in accordance with
the law.
X. This Lease shall become effective upon seal and signature of the parties. This Lease is made in duplicate, one for Party A and one for Party
B, both of which shall be equally authentic in respect of legal effect.
Annexes to this Lease shall be provided by Party B:
1. Copy of the Duplicate of Business License (Seal)
2. Copy of ID Card (Natural Person)
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(This is a Page for Seal and Signature.)
Party A (Seal and Signature):
Party B (Seal and Signature):
Agent: __________________________
Agent: __________________________
Tel: __________________________
Tel: __________________________
Signing Time of this Lease: December 12, 2018
Signing Place of this Lease: Chengdu High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Sichuan Province
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SENMIAO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED
List of Subsidiaries
Subsidiary
Yicheng Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Sichuan Senmiao Zecheng Business Consulting Co., Ltd.
Hunan Ruixi Financial Leasing Co., Ltd.
Hunan Ruixi Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
Variable Interest Entity
Sichuan Senmiao Ronglian Technology Co., Ltd.
Sichuan Jinkailong Automobile Leasing Co., Ltd.
Exhibit 21.1
Place of
Incorporation
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
Place of
Incorporation
PRC
PRC
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Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Senmiao Technology Limited (File No. 333-230397) of our report
dated July 3, 2019, with respect to our audit of the financial statements of Senmiao Technology Limited as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years then
ended, which report in included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Senmiao Technology Limited for the year ended March 31, 2019.
/s/ Friedman LLP
New York, New York
July 3, 2019
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EXHIBIT 31.1
I, Xi Wen, Chief Executive Officer of Senmiao Technology Limited, certify that:
CERTIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Senmiao Technology Limited;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most
recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and audit committee:
a)
b)
Date: July 3, 2019
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting.
/s/ Xi Wen
Xi Wen
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
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EXHIBIT 31.2
I, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Chief Financial Officer of Senmiao Technology Limited, certify that:
CERTIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Senmiao Technology Limited;
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-
15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our
supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's fourth
fiscal quarter in that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial
reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant's auditors and audit committee:
a)
b)
Date: July 3, 2019
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting.
/s/ Xiaoyuan Zhang
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting
Officer)
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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
EXHIBIT 32.1
In connection with the annual report of Senmiao Technology Limited (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2019, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Xi Wen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18
U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1.
2.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the
Company.
Date: July 3, 2019
/s/ Xi Wen
Xi Wen
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
EXHIBIT 32.2
In connection with the annual report of Senmiao Technology Limited (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2019, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1.
2.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the
Company.
Date: July 3, 2019
/s/ Xiaoyuan Zhang
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting
Officer)