Quarterlytics / Industrials / Construction / Simpson Manufacturing

Simpson Manufacturing

ssd · NYSE Industrials
Claim this profile
Ticker ssd
Exchange NYSE
Sector Industrials
Industry Construction
Employees 1001-5000
← All annual reports
FY2017 Annual Report · Simpson Manufacturing
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
GROWING A 
LEGACY OF 
STRENGTH

SIMPSON MANUFACTURING CO., INC.
2017 ANNUAL REPORT

Concrete 
Construction

Cold-Formed 
Steel Construction

Wood 
Construction

Fastening Systems

Deck and Outdoor Decorative Hardware

Mid-Rise Light-Frame 
Construction

Concrete Repair, Protection 
and Strengthening

Software

2  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

A passion for 
innovation is the 
spark from which 
truly remarkable 
products emerge.

After more than half a century delivering 
No-Equal solutions, we continue to 
reach outward — deepening and 
spreading our roots with a complete 
portfolio of high-performance structural 
building products. And today, we also 
keep reaching upward with our passion 
for technological innovation, continuous 
research initiatives and relentless 
product refinement.

As a result of our intensive structural 
systems research, leading-edge 
engineering and comprehensive testing, 
we lead the industry in developing 
higher load values, faster product 
installations and increased building 
safety standards to better serve the 
needs of our customers.

Driven by our enduring passion, we’re 
proud to take risks and continue to 
spark the most innovative ideas and 
products within the construction  
space — growing our legacy of strength.

CONSTRUCTION MARKETS

WOOD

CONCRETE

MID-RISE LIGHT-FRAME 

COLD-FORMED STEEL 

WASTEWATER TREATMENT,  
BRIDGE AND MARINE

DECKS AND OUTDOOR LIVING

PRODUCTS

STRUCTURAL CONNECTORS 

LATERAL-FORCE-RESISTING SYSTEMS

FASTENING SYSTEMS 

ANCHOR SYSTEMS

CONCRETE REPAIR, PROTECTION  
AND STRENGTHENING SOLUTIONS

SOFTWARE: TRUSS, BUILDER  
AND LBM SOLUTIONS

2017 Annual Report   |  3

We also further enhanced our corporate governance policies in 2017. 
Key highlights from the year, which incorporate shareholder feedback, 
include board declassification and the elimination of cumulative 
voting; the adoption of proxy access; and the election of a new 
independent director, Michael Bless.

Commitment to Safety and Sustainability
We remain committed to providing a safe working environment for 
all of our employees. In addition, we are dedicated to sustainable 
building practices and strive to make our facilities as environmentally 
friendly and as cost effective as possible. Please reference the Social 
Responsibility section of our website at www.simpsonmfg.com for 
additional metrics and details pertaining to our commitment to safety 
and sustainability. 

On behalf of everyone at Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., we 
thank you for your ongoing support. 
We believe our 2020 Plan objectives reflect our dedication to integrity, 
innovation, leadership and service that will ensure our customers, 
employees and stockholders are rewarded for their loyalty, hard work 
and investment. Our founder, Barclay Simpson, instilled these values 
in our culture over 60 years ago, and we will continue to operate 
under these principles as we grow and execute on our goals. 

Sincerely,

Karen Colonias 
President and  
Chief Executive Officer 

Peter N. Louras, Jr.
Non-Executive
Chairman of the  
Board of Directors

To Our Stockholders

To our stockholders, customers and employees:

2017 was a highly productive year for Simpson Manufacturing Co. 
as we laid the foundation to position the Company for long-term 
sustainable, increasingly profitable growth and enhanced operating 
leverage. At Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., through our subsidiary 
Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., we strive for excellence and 
remain committed to our employees, their families, our stockholders, 
customers and the community at large. Our mission to improve the 
performance and integrity of structures through our tested solutions 
is something that all of us at Simpson Strong-Tie are very passionate 
about. A commitment to operational excellence takes that mission a 
step further.

2017 consolidated net sales were $977 million, up 14% from $861 
million in 2016, and our income from operations was $139 million,  
a slight decrease from 2016. 

2020 Plan
In late 2017, we unveiled our 2020 Plan to maximize operating 
efficiencies and drive long-term stockholder value. The Plan 
is centered on three key operational objectives which include 
focusing on organic growth; rationalizing our cost structure to 
improve company-wide profitability; and improving working capital 
management and overall balance sheet discipline. We believe these 
objectives will substantially enhance our return on invested capital as 
well as provide additional capital to return to stockholders. 

Importantly, the operational improvements we are making will not 
jeopardize the basic fundamentals of our business that enable us to 
achieve such strong gross profit and operating income margins. We 
maintain a trusted brand reputation through our proprietary testing 
capabilities, deep industry relationships and involvement with code 
officials to improve construction practices. We also pride ourselves on 
being able to provide reliable and timely delivery for our customers.

Creating Stockholder Value 
We generated $119 million in cash flow from operations in 2017 and 
remain committed to returning 50% of that cash flow to stockholders. 
In 2017, we paid $37 million in quarterly cash dividends and 
committed $70 million for repurchases of common stock. Since we 
began paying dividends in January of 2004, we have increased our 
annual dividend by 440%. In the last five years, we have repurchased 
more than $183 million in shares. As part of our disciplined capital 
allocation strategy, we remain focused on organic growth through 
strategic capital investments in the business and acquisitions that fit 
our criteria for growth. 

4  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Highlights

2017 

2016 

% Change

Capital Allocation (2013 – 2017)

Net Sales

$977,025 

$860,661 

13.5%

Income from  
Operations

Net Income

Diluted Earnings  
per Share

$139,167 

$139,477 

(0.2%)

$92,617 

$89,734 

3.2%

$1.94 

$1.86 

4.3%

15% 
M&A

30% 
CapEx

19% 
Dividends

36% 
Share 
Repurchases

Total Assets

  $1,037,523 

$979,974 

23.4%

OPERATIONS  IN

Stockholders’  
Equity

Common Shares  
Outstanding

Number of  
Employees

$884,778 

$865,842 

2.2%

46,745 

47,437 

(1.5%)

2,902 

2,647 

9.6%

LOCATIONS

Dollars in thousands except per-share amounts.

Dividends per Share1

Earnings per Share

Net Sales
Stockholders’ Equity

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

2.20

2.00

1.80

1.60

1.40

1.20

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

1,000,000

900,000

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1 Part of the 2013 dividend was accelerated due to 
uncertainity of changes to tax code in 2013. The 
dividend paid in December 2012 is included in 2013.

2017 Annual Report   |  5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic growth 
is at the core 
of our vision, 
propelling us 
forward to lead 
the industry. 

Just like vast natural forests, our market 
strategy begins with organic growth 
that focuses on strengthening our core 
wood construction business along with 
targeting concrete markets domestically 
and abroad. We’re expanding our 
global market presence with selective 
acquisitions and a diversified product 
offering while increasing our distribution 
network to introduce our products to 
new customers.

As a company focused on our long-
term vision, we’re dedicated to 
providing the most trusted construction 
solutions worldwide. Every day, we 
strengthen our relationships with 
engineers, contractors and retailers 
to earn their trust and solidify our 
leadership within the industry.

6  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

2017 Annual Report   |  7
2017 Annual Report   |  7
2017 Annual Report   |  7

8  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  
8  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

It lives at the core of our culture and 
in every branch of our operations: We 
have a long history of looking for ways 
to eliminate waste and streamline 
our business. We’re evaluating and 
rationalizing our cost structure to 
strengthen growth and improve 
company-wide profitability. 

Many years ago, we began to increase 
operating efficiencies with a multitude 
of lean initiatives, and now we’re 
expanding that effort. Every day, we’re 

ensuring that we optimize materials, 
equipment, labor, time and space to 
free up resources, improve productivity 
and deliver high-quality products to our 
customers. 

When it comes to creating long-term 
shareholder value, we’re continually 
refining our capital management 
discipline in order to ensure strong 
financial health and capital returns to 
shareholders long into the future.

Weaving 
efficiencies into 
proven company 
practices makes  
us lean, strong  
and built to last. 

2017 Annual Report   |  9
2017 Annual Report   |  9

10  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  
10  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

At the heart of our company lives our 
strong family tree, where the roots of 
dedication and service run deep. Since 
Barclay Simpson founded our company 
in 1956, the exceptional integrity of our 
people has fortified our core values. 

Whether on the jobsite, online or 
by phone, our technical service 
representatives and engineers are 
available, delivering support and 
product solutions that our customers 
and their businesses need. By 
strategically expanding our distribution 

and worldwide support network, we’re 
achieving greater on-time product 
delivery and building stronger customer 
relationships than ever before.

At Simpson Strong-Tie, we support 
our product offerings with workshops, 
classes, regional training centers and a 
full array of online resources, apps and 
software. As a result, builders, designers 
and suppliers always have access to a 
comprehensive suite of multi-platform, 
mobile-friendly design and sales tools 
and educational content. 

Integrated and 
dedicated support 
is key to achieving 
our goals.

2017 Annual Report   |  11
2017 Annual Report   |  11

Investing in our 
business builds 
stronger value for 
our future.

Simpson Strong-Tie is focused on the 
execution of our business plan, yet 
always looking toward future growth. 
Guided by our long-term strategy, 
we’re discovering new markets and 
seizing new opportunities to increase 
shareholder value through our 2020 
initiatives. 

We’re expanding through organic 
growth by concentrating on higher-
margin product lines, while preserving 
and growing our core business. We’re 
rationalizing our cost structure and 
increasing operating efficiencies in 
efforts to improve company-wide 

profitability and shareholder return. 
All of these efforts are designed 
to put us in a stronger position for 
growth and diversification, which will 
increase the long-term value we bring 
to our employees, customers and 
shareholders.

As a company with a strong foundation 
and culture, we’re reaching ever 
outward and upward with passion, 
efficiency and dedication — fulfilling 
our mission of helping people design 
and build safer, stronger structures. 
Together, we’re growing an ongoing 
legacy of strength.

12  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  
12  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

2017 Annual Report   |  13
2017 Annual Report   |  13

Office
Street Address  |  5956 W. Las Positas Boulevard, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA  |  (800) 925-5099
Mailing Address  |  P.O. Box 10789, Pleasanton, CA 94588

2017 Officers

Karen Colonias 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Roger Dankel 
President, North American Sales 
Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc.

Ricardo M. Arevalo 
Chief Operating Officer 
Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc.

Brian J. Magstadt 
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary

Board of Directors
Peter N. Louras, Jr.(1)(2)(4) 
Chairman  
Group Vice President (retired) 
The Clorox Company
Karen Colonias(4) 
President and Chief Executive Officer
James S. Andrasick(2)(3)(4) 
Chairman (retired) 
Matson Navigation
Jennifer A. Chatman(1)(2) 
Paul J. Cortese Distinguished 
Professor of Management 
Haas School of Business, 
University of California, Berkeley
Gary M. Cusumano(1)(3)(4) 
Chairman (retired) 
The Newhall Land and Farming Company
Celeste Volz Ford(1)(4) 
Chief Executive Officer 
Stellar Solutions, Inc.
Robin Greenway MacGillivray(2)(3) 
Senior Vice President (retired)  
One AT&T Integration – AT&T
Michael A. Bless(2)(4) 
Chief Executive Officer  
Century Aluminum Company

Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of stockholders will take place at 2:00 p.m., Pacific Daylight Time, 
on Tuesday, April 24, 2018, at the Company’s home office located at  
5956 W. Las Positas Boulevard, Pleasanton, California.

Stock Listing
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) common stock is traded on the 
New York Stock Exchange under the ticker “SSD.”

Quarterly Stock Data
The table below shows the per-share closing price range of the Company’s common 
stock for the last two years as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange.

2017 

Low 

High 

Close 

High 

2016

Low 

Close

 4Q 

 3Q 

 2Q 

 1Q 

$60.92 

$48.63 

 $57.41  

 $48.17  

 $40.88  

 $43.75  

$49.32 

 $42.01  

 $49.04  

 $45.27  

 $39.32  

 $43.95  

$44.13 

 $40.18  

 $43.71  

 $39.97  

 $37.25  

 $39.97  

$44.94 

 $41.55  

 $43.09  

 $38.17  

 $30.49  

 $38.17  

Form 10-K
The Company’s annual report on Form 10-K (which is included in this report) and its 
quarterly and current reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K are filed with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission and are available upon request. These reports are also 
available on the Company’s website at www.simpsonmfg.com.

Investor Relations
ADDO Investor Relations
Investor.relations@strongtie.com
(310) 829-5400

For an investor information package, please call (925) 560-9097.

Transfer Agent & Registrar
P.O. Box 30170, College Station, Texas 77842

For stockholder inquiries, please call (877) 282-1168.
www.computershare.com

Independent Registered Public Accountants
Grant Thornton LLP
101 California Street, Suite 2700, San Francisco, CA  94111

14  |  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  

(1)  Member of Compensation and Leadership Development Committee
(2) Member of Audit and Finance Committee
(3) Member of Nominating and Governance Committee
(4) Member of Corporate Strategy and Acquisitions Committee

 
  
 
 
 
  
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-K 

(Mark One) 

      Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 
OR 
         Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
for the transition period from                      to                 . 
Commission file number:  1-13429 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

94-3196943
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

5956 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA 94588
(Address of principal executive offices) 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (925) 560-9000 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Common Stock, par value $0.01
(Title of each class)

New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 
None
(Title of class) 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   

Yes  

  No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.     

Yes  

     No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the 

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file 
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  

  No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every 

Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during 
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  

  No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and 
will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference 
in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [  ] 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 

reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller 
reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer     

Accelerated filer                       

Non-accelerated filer       

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company      

Emerging growth company      

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected has elected not to use the extended 
transition period for complying with the new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the 
Exchanged Act 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  

  No  

As of June 30, 2017, there were outstanding 47,273,393 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01, which is the 
only outstanding class of common or voting stock of the registrant. The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held 
by non-affiliates of the registrant (based on the closing price for the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2017) 
was approximately $1,755,382,642. 

15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of February 26, 2018, 46,684,831 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.  

Documents Incorporated by Reference 

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2018 annual meeting of the stockholders (the "2018 Annual Meeting") 
are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such Proxy Statement 
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") within 120 days of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 
2017.

16

 
NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation 
Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934, as amended. All statements relating to events or results that may occur in the future are forward-looking statements, including 
but not limited to, statements regarding our plans, sales, sales trends, sales growth rates, revenues, profits, costs, working capital, 
balance  sheet,  inventories,  products  (including  software  and  concrete  offerings),  relationships  with  contractors  and  partners 
(including our collaboration with The Home Depot, Inc.), market strategies, market shares, expenses (including operating expenses 
and research, development and engineering investments), unrecognized costs (including those with respect to unvested stock-
based compensation), cost savings or reduction measures, repatriation of funds, factory utilization rates, results of operations, tax 
liabilities, losses, capital spending, housing starts, price changes (including product prices and raw material, such as steel, prices), 
profitability, profit margins, effective tax rates, depreciation or amortization expenses, amortization periods, returns on invested 
capital, stock repurchases, dividends, compensation arrangements, prospective adoption of new accounting standards, effects of 
changes in accounting standards and tax laws, effects and expenses of (including eventual gains or losses related to) mergers and 
acquisitions and related integrations, effects and expenses of equity investments, effects and expenses of relocating manufacturing 
facilities, effects of changes in foreign exchange rates or interest rates, effects and costs of facility consolidations and expansions 
(including related savings), success, effects and costs of software program implementations (including related capital expenditures 
and savings), labor relations, needs for additional facilities, materials and personnel, effects and costs of credit facilities and capital 
lease obligations, headcount, engagement of consultants, the Company’s 2020 Plan (discussed under “Management's Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below), the Company’s efforts and costs to implement the 2020 
Plan, the effects of the 2020 Plan and the projected impact of any of the foregoing on our business, financial condition and results 
of  operations.  Forward-looking  statements  generally  can  be  identified  by  words  such  as  “anticipate,”  “assume,”  “believe,” 
“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “target,” “continue,” “predict,” “project,” “change,” “result,” “future,” “will,” “could,” 
“can,” “may,” “likely,” “potentially,” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are necessarily speculative in nature, are 
based on numerous assumptions, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors (some of which are beyond 
our control) that could significantly affect our operations and may cause our actual actions, results, financial condition, performance 
or achievements to be substantially different from any future actions, results, financial condition, performance or achievements 
expressed or implied by any such forward-looking statements. Those factors include, but are not limited to: (i) the impact, execution 
and effectiveness of the Company’s current strategic plan, the 2020 Plan, and the efforts and costs to implement the plan; (ii) 
general economic cycles and construction business conditions; (iii) customer acceptance of our products; (iv) product liability 
claims,  contractual  liability,  engineering  and  design  liability  and  similar  liabilities  or  claims,  (v)  relationships  with  partners, 
suppliers and customers and their financial conditions; (vi) materials and manufacturing costs; (vii) changes in capital and credit 
market conditions; (viii) technological developments, including system updates and conversions; (ix) increased competition; (x) 
changes in laws or industry practices; (xi) litigation risks and actions by activist shareholders, (xii) changes in market conditions; 
(xiii) governmental and business conditions in countries where our products are manufactured and sold; (xiv) natural disasters 
and other factors that are beyond the Company’s reasonable control; (xv) changes in trade regulations or U.S. and international 
taxes, tariffs and duties including those imposed on the Company’s income, imports, exports and repatriation of funds; (xvi) effects 
of merger or acquisition activities or the lack thereof; (xvii) actual or potential takeover or other change-of-control threats; (xviii) 
changes in our plans, strategies, objectives, assumptions, expectations or intentions; and (xix) other risks and uncertainties indicated 
from time to time in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
See below “Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors.” Each forward-looking statement contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is 
specifically qualified in its entirety by the aforementioned factors. In light of the foregoing, investors are advised to carefully read 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K in connection with the important disclaimers set forth above and are urged not to rely on any 
forward-looking statements in reaching any conclusions or making any investment decisions about us or our securities. All forward-
looking statements hereunder are made as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are subject to change. Except as 
required by law, we do not intend and undertake no obligation to update, revise or publicly release any updates or revisions to any 
forward-looking statements hereunder, whether as a result of the receipt of new information, the occurrence of future events, the 
change of circumstances or otherwise. We further do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by 
analysts, investors or other third parties.

Each of the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used herein refer collectively to Simpson Manufacturing 
Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., unless otherwise 
stated.

“Strong-Tie” and our other trademarks appearing in this report are our property. This report contains additional trade names and 
trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an 
endorsement or sponsorship of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

17

Item 1. Business.

Company Background

PART I

The Company is focused on making buildings safe and secure. The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Simpson 
Strong-Tie Company Inc. ("SST"), designs, engineers and is a leading manufacturer of wood construction products, including 
connectors,  truss  plates,  fastening  systems,  fasteners  and  pre-fabricated  lateral  systems  used  in  light-frame  construction,  and 
concrete construction products used for concrete, masonry, steel construction and for concrete repair, protection and strengthening, 
including adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits, powder actuated tools and fiber reinforced materials. The 
Company markets its products to the residential construction, light industrial and commercial construction, remodeling and do-
it-yourself (“DIY”) markets. The Company also provides engineering services in support of some of its products and increasingly 
offers design and other software that facilitates the specification, selection and use of its products. The Company has continuously 
manufactured structural connectors since 1956 and believes that the Simpson Strong-Tie brand benefits from strong brand name 
recognition among architects and engineers who frequently request the use of the Company’s products. 

Business Strategy

The  Company  attracts  and  retains  customers  by  designing,  manufacturing  and  selling  products  that  are  of  high  quality  and 
performance, easy to use and cost-effective for customers. The Company aims to manufacture and warehouse its products in 
geographic proximity to its markets to provide availability and rapid delivery of products to customers and prompt response to 
customer requests for specially designed products and services. The Company maintains levels of inventory intended to operate 
with little backlog and fill most customer orders within a few days. High levels of manufacturing automation and flexibility allow 
the Company to maintain its quality standards while continuing to provide prompt delivery.

The Company intends to continue efforts to increase market share in both the wood construction and concrete construction product 
groups by:

•  maintaining frequent contact with customers and private organizations that provide information to building code officials;
continuing to sponsor seminars to inform architects, engineers, contractors and building officials on appropriate use, 
• 
proper installation and identification of the Company’s products; 
continuing to invest in mobile, web and software applications for customers, utilizing social media, blog posts and videos 
to connect and engage with customers and to help them do their jobs more efficiently; and 
continuing to diversify product offerings to be less dependent on United States residential housing. 

• 

• 

The Company’s long-term strategy is to develop, acquire or invest in product lines or businesses that have the potential to increase 
the Company’s earnings per share over time and that:

complement the Company’s existing product lines;
can be marketed through the Company’s existing distribution channels;

• 
• 
•  might benefit from use of the Company’s brand names and expertise;
• 
• 
• 

are responsive to needs of the Company’s customers;
expand the Company’s markets geographically; and
reduce the Company’s dependence on the United States residential construction market.

New Products.  The Company commits substantial resources to new product development. The majority of SST’s products have 
been developed through its internal research and development program. SST’s research and development expense for the three 
years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, was $10.6 million, $10.8 million, and $12.0 million, respectively. The Company 
believes it is the only United States manufacturer with the capability to test multi-story wall systems, thus enabling full scale 
testing rather than analysis alone to prove system performance. The Company’s engineering, sales, product management, and 
marketing teams work together with architects, engineers, building inspectors, code officials and customers in the new product 
development process.

The Company’s product research and development is based largely on products or solutions that are identified within the Company 
or as customers communicate to the Company as well as the Company’s strategic initiatives to develop new markets or product 
lines. The Company’s strategy is to develop new products on a proprietary basis, to seek patents when appropriate and to rely on 
trade secret protection for others. The Company typically develops 15 to 25 new products each year.
18

 
 
The Company expanded its product offering in 2017 by adding:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

new connectors for wood framing applications;
new connectors for cold formed steel applications;
new screws, tools and products for deck, fascia and drywall applications;
new mechanical anchors and a new epoxy adhesive;
new fiber reinforced cementitious mortar product; and
new decorative hardware and connectors for outdoor living spaces.

The Company intends to continue to expand its product offering.

Distribution channels.  The Company seeks to expand its product and distribution coverage through several channels:

•  Distributors. The Company regularly evaluates its distribution coverage and the service levels provided by its distributors, 
and from time to time implements changes. The Company evaluates distributor product mix and conducts promotions to 
encourage distributors to add the Company’s products that complement the mix of product offerings in their markets.
•  Home Centers. The Company intends to increase penetration of the DIY markets by continuing to solicit home centers 
and increase product offerings. The Company’s sales force maintains on-going contact with home centers to work with 
them in a broad range of areas, including inventory levels, retail display maintenance and product knowledge training. 
The Company’s strategy is to ensure that the home center retail stores are fully stocked with adequate supplies of the 
Company’s products carried by those stores. The Company has further developed extensive bar coding and merchandising 
aids and has devoted a portion of its research efforts to the development of DIY products. The Company’s sales to home 
centers increased year-over-year in 2017, 2016 and 2015. 

•  Dealers. In some markets, the Company sells its products directly to lumber dealers and cooperatives.
•  OEM Relationships. The Company works closely with manufacturers of engineered wood products and OEMs to develop 
and  expand  the  application  and  sales  of  its  engineered  wood  connector  and  fastener  products.  The  Company  has 
relationships with several of the largest manufacturers of engineered wood products.
International  Sales.  The  Company  has  established  a  presence  in  the  European  Community  through  acquisition  of 
companies with existing customer bases and through servicing United States-based customers operating in Europe. The 
Company also distributes connector, anchor and epoxy products in Mexico, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa 
and the Middle East. 

• 

See  “Item  1A  —  Risk  Factors,”  “Item  7  —  Management’s  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations,” and “Note 14 — Segment Information” to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements included in 
Part  II,  Item  8  —  "Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data"  of  this Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  (the  "Company’s 
Consolidated Financial Statements").

Operating Segments and Geographic Areas

The Company is organized into three operating segments consisting of the North America, Europe and Asia/Pacific segments. The 
North America segment includes operations primarily in the United States and Canada. The Europe segment includes operations 
primarily in France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Portugal, Poland, The Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden 
and Norway. The Asia/Pacific segment includes operations primarily in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, China, Taiwan, 
and Vietnam. These segments are similar in several ways, including similarities in the products manufactured and distributed, the 
types of materials used, the production processes, the distribution channels and the product applications. See “Note 14 — Segment 
Information” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the assets, revenue and performance 
of each of the Company’s operating segments and geographic areas. Also see “Item 1A — Risk Factors.”

Products and Services

The Company manufactures and markets building and construction products and is a recognized brand name in residential and 
commercial applications. The product lines historically have encompassed connectors, anchors, fasteners, lateral resistive systems, 
truss plates, as well as repair and strengthening product lines for the marine, industrial and transportation markets. See “Item 7 
—  Management’s  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations,”  and  “Note  14  —  Segment 
Information”  to  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  financial  information  regarding  revenues  by  product 
category.

19

Most of the Company’s products are approved by building code evaluation agencies. To achieve such approvals, the Company 
conducts extensive product testing, which is witnessed and certified by independent testing laboratories. The tests also provide 
the basis of load ratings for the Company’s structural products. This test and load information is used by architects, engineers, 
contractors, building officials and homeowners and is useful across all applications of the Company’s products, ranging from the 
deck constructed by a homeowner to a multi-story structure designed by an architect or engineer.

Wood Construction Products.  As described below, the Company’s wood construction products include (1) connectors, (2) truss 
plates, (3) fastening systems and (4) lateral systems, and are typically made of steel. The Company produces and markets over 
16,000 standard and custom wood construction products. These products are used primarily to strengthen, support and connect 
wood applications in residential and commercial construction and DIY projects. The Company’s wood construction products 
contribute to structural integrity and resistance to seismic, wind and other forces. 

1.  The  Company’s  connectors  are  prefabricated  metal  products  that  attach  wood,  concrete,  masonry  or  steel  together. 

Connectors are essential for tying wood construction elements together and create safer and stronger buildings. 

2.  The Company’s truss connector plates and software are marketed under the name Integrated Component Systems. Truss 
plates are toothed metal plates that join wood members together to form a truss. The Company continues to develop 
sophisticated software to assist truss and component manufacturers’ in modeling, designing trusses and selecting the 
appropriate truss plates for the applicable jobs. 

3.  The Company’s fastener line includes various nails, screws and staples. Complementing these products is the Quik Drive 

auto-feed screw driving system used in numerous applications such as decking, subfloors, drywall and roofing. 

4.  The Company’s lateral resistive systems are assemblies used to resist earthquake or wind forces and include Steel and 

Wood Shearwalls, Anchor Tiedown Systems (“ATS”) and steel moment frames. 

Concrete Construction Products.  As described below, the Company’s concrete construction products include (1) anchor products, 
and (2) repair, protection and strengthening products. The Company produces and markets over 1,300 standard and custom concrete 
construction products. The Company’s concrete construction products are composed of various materials including steel, chemicals 
and carbon fiber. They are used primarily to anchor, protect and strengthen concrete, brick and masonry applications in industrial, 
infrastructure, residential commercial and DYI projects. The Company’s concrete construction products contribute to structural 
integrity and resistance to seismic, wind and other forces. These products are sold in all segments of the Company worldwide.

1.  The Company’s concrete construction anchor products include adhesives, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits and 
powder-actuated pins and tools used for numerous applications of anchoring or attaching elements onto concrete, brick, 
masonry and steel. 

2.  The Company's concrete construction repair, protection and strengthening products include grouts, coatings, sealers, 

mortars, fiberglass and fiber-reinforced polymer systems and asphalt products. 

Engineering and Design Services.  The Company’s engineers not only design and test products, but also provide engineering 
support for customers in connection with a number of products that the Company manufactures and sells. This support might 
range from the discussion of a load value in a catalog to testing the suitability of an existing product in a unique application. For 
certain product lines, industry norms require that the Company’s engineers are more involved in the sales process. For example, 
in connection with the sale of our truss plates, the Company’s engineers review the output of the Company’s software to assist 
customers in ensuring that trusses are properly designed and specified, and in some instances seal design diagrams. Generally, in 
connection with any engineering services the Company provides, the Company’s engineers serve as a point of reference and 
support  for  the  customer’s  engineers  and  other  service  professionals,  who  ultimately  determine  and  are  responsible  for  the 
engineering approach to any project.

Sales and Marketing

The Company’s sales and marketing programs are implemented through its branch system. The Company currently maintains 
branches in California, Texas, Ohio, Canada, England, France, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Poland, Portugal, Austria, The 
Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile. Each branch is served 
by its own sales force, warehouse and office facilities, while some branches have their own manufacturing facilities. Each branch 
is responsible for setting and executing sales and marketing strategies that are consistent both with the markets in the geographic 
area that the branch serves and with the goals of the Company. Branch sales forces in North America are supported by marketing 
managers in the home office in Pleasanton, California. The home office also coordinates issues affecting customers that operate 
in  multiple  regions.  The  sales  force  maintains  close  working  relationships  with  customers,  develops  new  business,  calls  on 
architects, engineers and building officials and participates in a range of educational seminars.

20

The Company dedicates substantial resources to customer service. The Company produces numerous publications and point-of-
sale marketing aids to serve specifiers, distributors, retailers and users for the various markets that it serves. These publications 
include general catalogs, as well as various specific catalogs, such as those for its fastener products. The catalogs and publications 
describe the products and provide load and installation information. The Company also maintains several linked websites centered 
on www.strongtie.com, which include catalogs, product and technical information, code reports and other general information 
related to the Company, its product lines and promotional programs. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this 
filing. Further, the Company’s references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Manufacturing Process

The Company designs and manufactures most of its products. The Company has developed and uses automated manufacturing 
processes for many of its products. The Company’s innovative manufacturing systems and techniques have allowed it to control 
manufacturing costs, even while developing both new products and products that meet customized requirements and specifications. 
The  Company’s  development  of  specialized  manufacturing  processes  has  also  permitted  increased  operating  flexibility  and 
enhanced product design innovation. As part of ongoing continuous improvement processes in its factories, the Company’s major 
North American and European manufacturing facilities initiated lean manufacturing practices to improve efficiency and customer 
service. The Company sources some products from third-party vendors, both domestically and internationally. The Company has 
27 manufacturing locations in the United States, Canada, France, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Portugal, Belgium, 
Sweden, China and England.

Quality Control.  The Company has developed a quality system that manages defined procedures to ensure consistent product 
quality and also meets the requirements of product evaluation reports of the International Code Council (ICC) and the International 
Association of Plumbers and Mechanical Officials Uniform Evaluation Services (IAPMO-UES). Since 1996, the Company’s 
quality system has been registered under ISO 9001, an internationally recognized set of quality-assurance standards. The Company 
believes that ISO registration is a valuable tool for maintaining and promoting its high quality standards. As the Company establishes 
new business locations through expansion or acquisitions, projects are established to integrate the Company’s quality systems and 
achieve  ISO  9001  registration.  In  addition,  the  Company  has  six  testing  laboratories  accredited  to  ISO  standard  17025,  an 
internationally  accepted  standard  that  provides  requirements  for  the  competence  of  testing  and  calibration  laboratories.  The 
Company implements testing requirements through systematic control of its processes, enhancing the Company’s standard for 
quality products, whether produced by the Company or purchased from others.

Wood Construction Products Manufacturing.  Most of the Company’s wood construction products are produced with a high level 
of automation. The Company has significant press capacity and has multiple dies for some of its high volume products to enable 
production of these products close to the customer and to provide back-up capacity. The balance of production is accomplished 
through a combination of manual, blanking and numerically controlled (NC) processes that include robotic welders, lasers and 
turret punches. This  capability allows  the Company to produce  products with  little redesign or  set-up time, facilitating rapid 
turnaround for customers. The Company also has smaller specialty production facilities, which primarily use batch production 
with some automated lines.

Concrete Construction Products Manufacturing.  The Company manufactures its concrete construction products at its facilities 
in  Zhangjiagang,  China; West  Chicago,  Illinois;  Cardet,  France;  Seewen,  Switzerland;  Malbork,  Poland;  Elvas,  Portugal  and 
Madrid, Spain. The mechanical anchor products are produced with a high level of automation. Some products, such as epoxy and 
adhesive anchors, are mixed in batches and are then loaded into one-part or two-part dispensers, which mix the product on the job 
site because set-up times are usually very short. In addition, the Company purchases a number of products, powder actuated pins, 
tools and accessories and certain of its mechanical anchoring products, from various sources around the world. These purchased 
products undergo inspections on a sample basis for conformance with ordered specifications and tolerances before being distributed.

Regulation

Environmental Regulation.  The Company itself is subject to environmental laws and regulations governing emissions into the 
air, discharges into water, and generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials. The Company 
is also subject to other federal and state laws and regulations regarding health and safety matters. The Company believes that it 
has obtained all material licenses and permits required by environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in connection 
with the Company’s operations and that its policies and procedures comply in all material respects with existing environmental, 
health and safety laws and regulations. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors.”

Other.  The Company’s product lines are subject to federal, state, county, municipal and other governmental and quasi-governmental 
regulations  that  affect  product  development,  design,  testing,  analysis,  load  rating,  application,  marketing,  sales,  exportation, 
installation and use. 

21

The Company considers product evaluation, recognition and listing to the building code as a significant tool that facilitates and 
expedites the use of the Company’s products by design professionals, building officials, inspectors, builders, home centers and 
contractors. Industry members are more likely to use building products that have the appropriate recognition and listing than 
products that lack this acceptance. The Company devotes considerable time and testing resources to obtaining and maintaining 
appropriate listings for its products. The Company actively participates in industry related professional associations and building 
code committees both to keep abreast of regulatory changes and to provide comments and expertise to these regulatory agencies.

A substantial portion of the Company’s products have been evaluated and are recognized by governmental and product evaluation 
agencies. Some of the entities that recognize the Company’s products include the International Code Council Uniform Evaluation 
Service (ICC-ES), IAPMO-UES, the City of Los Angeles (LARR’s), California Division of the State Architect, the State of Florida, 
Underwriters Laboratory (UL), Factory Mutual (FM) and state departments of transportation. In Europe, the Company’s structural 
products meet European Technical Agreement (ETA) regulations.

Competition 

The Company faces a variety of competition in all of the markets in which it participates. This competition ranges from subsidiaries 
of large national or international corporations to small regional manufacturers. While price is an important factor, the Company 
also competes on the basis of quality, breadth of product line, proprietary technology, technical support, availability of inventory, 
service (including custom design and manufacturing), field support and product innovation. As a result of differences in structural 
design and building practices and codes, the Company’s markets tend to differ by region. Within these regions, the Company 
competes with companies of varying size, several of which also distribute their products nationally or internationally. See “Item 
1A — Risk Factors.”

Raw Materials

The principal raw material used by the Company is steel, including stainless steel. The Company also uses materials such as carbon 
fiber, fiberglass, mortars, grouts, epoxies and acrylics in the manufacture of its chemical anchoring and reinforcing products. The 
Company purchases raw materials from a variety of commercial sources. The Company’s practice is to seek cost savings and 
enhanced quality by purchasing from a limited number of suppliers.

The steel industry is highly cyclical and prices for the Company’s raw materials are influenced by numerous factors beyond the 
Company’s control. The steel market continues to be dynamic, with a high degree of uncertainty about future pricing trends. Given 
current conditions, anti-dumping and countervailing duty trade cases filed by United States steel producers in 2015 and 2016, and 
the current political climate regarding international trade, the Company currently expects that the high degree of uncertainty 
regarding steel prices will continue. Numerous factors may cause steel prices to increase in the future. In addition to increases in 
steel prices, steel mills may add surcharges for zinc, energy and freight in response to increases in their costs. See “Item 1A — 
Risk Factors” and “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The 
Company historically has not attempted to hedge against changes in prices of steel or other raw materials.

Patents and Proprietary Rights

The Company has United States and foreign patents, the majority of which cover products that the Company currently manufactures 
and markets. These patents, and applications for new patents, cover various design aspects of the Company’s products, as well as 
processes used in their manufacture. The Company continues to develop new potentially patentable products, product enhancements 
and product designs. Although the Company does not intend to apply for additional foreign patents covering existing products, 
the Company has developed an international patent program to protect new products that it may develop. In addition to seeking 
patent protection, the Company relies on unpatented proprietary technology to maintain its competitive position. See “Item 1A 
— Risk Factors.”

Acquisitions and Expansion into New Markets

In January 2017, the Company acquired CG Visions, Inc. ("CG Visions"), an Indiana corporation, for $20.8 million. CG Visions 
provides scalable technologies and services in building information modeling ("BIM") technologies, estimation tools and software 
solutions to a number of the top 100 mid-sized to large builders in the United States, which are expected to complement and 
support the Company's sales in North America. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company finalized its fair value measurement 
of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this acquisition. CG Visions assets and liabilities included other current assets of $0.5 
million, noncurrent assets of $20.4 million, current liabilities and contingent consideration of $1.1 million. Included in noncurrent 
assets was goodwill of $10.1 million, which was assigned to the North America segment, and intangible assets of $10.3 million, 
22

both of which are not subject to tax-deductible amortization. The estimated weighted-average amortization period for the intangible 
assets is 7 years. 

In January 2017, the Company acquired Gbo Fastening Systems AB ("Gbo Fastening Systems"), a Sweden limited company, for 
$10.2 million. Gbo Fastening Systems manufactures and sells a complete line of CE-marked structural fasteners as well as fastener 
dimensioning software for wood construction applications, currently sold mostly in northern and eastern Europe, which are expected 
to complement the Company's line of wood construction products in Europe. The Gbo Fastening Systems acquisition resulted in 
a $6.3 million gain on bargain purchase of a business, which was included in the Company's condensed consolidated statements 
of operation.

In August 2016, the Company purchased all of the outstanding shares of Multi Services Dêcoupe S.A. ("MS Decoupe"), a Belgium 
public limited company, for $6.9 million. MS Decoupe primarily manufactures and distributes wood construction, plastic, and 
metal  labeling  products  in  Belgium  and  the  Netherlands,  including  distributing  the  Company's  products  manufactured  at  the 
Company's production facility in France. With this acquisition, the Company will offer the Belgium market a wider-range of its 
products, shorten delivery lead times, and expand the Company's sales presence into the Netherlands market. During the third 
quarter of 2017, the Company finalized its fair value measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this acquisition. 
MS Decoupe assets and liabilities included cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 million, other current assets of $1.6 million, noncurrent 
assets of $5.0 million, current liabilities of $0.6 million and noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities of $1.0 million. Included 
in noncurrent assets was goodwill of $1.4 million, which was assigned to the Europe segment, and intangible assets of $1.7 million, 
both of which are not subject to tax-deductible amortization. The estimated weighted-average amortization period for the intangible 
assets is 10 years. 

In December 2015, the Company purchased all of the business assets including intellectual property from Blue Heron Enterprises, 
LLC, and Fox Chase Enterprises, LLC (collectively, "EBTY"), both New Jersey limited liability companies, for $3.4 million in 
cash. EBTY manufactured and sold hidden deck clips using a patented design. EBTY's patented design complements the Company's 
line of hidden clips and fastener systems. The Company's measurement of assets acquired included goodwill of $2.0 million, which 
was assigned to the North America segment, and intangible assets of $1.1 million, both of which are subject to tax-deductible 
amortization. Net assets consisting of inventory and equipment accounted for the balance of the purchase price. The weighted-
average amortization period for the intangible assets is 7 years. 

The  Company’s  growth  potential  depends,  to  some  extent,  on  its  ability  to  penetrate  new  markets,  both  domestically  and 
internationally. See “Item 1 — Business Strategy” above. The Company may pursue acquisitions of product lines or businesses 
including if the right opportunity were to arise in its core fastener space. See “Note 13 — Acquisitions and Dispositions” and 
“Note 15 — Subsequent Events” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as “Item 1A — Risk Factors” and 
“Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Seasonality and Cyclicality

The Company’s sales are seasonal and cyclical. Operating results vary from quarter to quarter and with economic cycles. The 
Company’s sales are also dependent, to a large degree, on the North American residential home construction industry. See “Item 
1A — Risk Factors” and “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Employees and Labor Relations

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 2,902 full-time employees, of whom 1,575 were hourly employees and 1,327 were 
salaried employees. The Company believes that its overall compensation and benefits for the most part meet or exceed industry 
averages and that its relations with its employees are good.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 13% of the Company’s employees are represented by labor unions and are covered by 
collective bargaining agreements. We have two locations with collective bargaining agreements covering tool and die craftsmen, 
maintenance workers, and sheet-metal workers. The two union contracts in Stockton, California will expire in July and September 
2019, respectively. Moreover, the two contracts in San Bernardino County will expire in June 2018 and February 2021, respectively. 
We have not begun negotiations to extend the sheetmetal workers union labor contract that will expire in June 2018. Based on 
current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we believe that, even if new agreements are not reached before 
the existing labor union contracts expire, it is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to provide 
products to customers or on the Company's profitability. See “Item 1A — Risk Factors.”

23

Available Information

The Company makes available, free of charge, on its website www.simpsonmfg.com, copies of its annual reports on Form 10-K, 
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to 
Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) after the Company files them 
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Printed copies of any of these materials will also be provided free 
of charge on request.

You may read and copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, 
NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by 
calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, 
and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing. Further, our references to the URLs for these 
websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described 
below, in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial 
statements and related notes thereto, before you decide to buy or hold shares of our common stock. The risks and uncertainties 
described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently 
believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. We may not be able to control any 
of those risks and uncertainties. If any of those risks and uncertainties, whether described below or not, actually occurs, our 
business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and you may 
lose all or part of your investment.

To facilitate a review of our risk factors, we have organized our risk factors into general groups of risks, including “General 
Business Risks,” “Products, Services and Sales Risks,” “Technological and Intellectual Property Risks,” “Regulatory Risks,” 
“Capital Expenditures, Expansions, Acquisitions and Divestitures Risk,” “International Operations Risks,” “Capital Structure 
Risks,” “Employee Risks” and “Other Risks.” The grouping of risks is to facilitate your review only, and no ranking of importance 
of risks or other inference should be made on account of such groups.

General Business Risks

Our 2020 Plan may not be effective in achieving our stated strategic and operating objectives, and our efforts may 
increase costs or otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are implementing a new strategic plan, the 2020 Plan, centered on focusing on our organic growth, rationalizing our 
cost structure to improve profitability, improving our working capital management primarily through the reduction of 
inventory levels and other working capital items such as accounts payable and accounts receivable. While the new strategy 
calls for increased emphasis on certain operational targets, such as growing our net sales, reducing our operating expenses 
as a percentage of net sales and decreasing our inventory levels, it moderates focus on other aspects of our operations 
that used to be part of our prior strategy, such as certain categories of acquisitions (especially in the concrete space).

There can be no guarantee that the new strategy will yield the results that we currently anticipate or results that will 
exceed those that might be obtained under our prior strategy, if we fail to successfully execute on one or more prongs of 
the new strategy, even if we successfully implement one or more other prongs.

We may not fully execute on one or more elements of the new strategy due to any number of reasons, including, for 
instance, because of the division of our management and financial resources among multiple objectives, or other factors 
beyond our control or not foreseeable. 

The successful execution of our new strategy depends on, among other things, our ability to:

• 

Maintain our top-line growth and achieve a net sales compound annual growth rate of approximately 8% 
from fiscal 2016 through fiscal 2020 by gaining market share in certain products lines;

24

• 

• 

• 

Carry out effective cost reduction measures in Europe and our concrete product line, justify certain expense 
categories for each new period, and by fiscal 2020, reduce our operating expenses as a percent of net sales to 
be below or at 27%; 

Eliminate at least 25% to 30% of our product SKUs, implement Lean principles in our factories, and achieve 
an additional 30% reduction of our raw materials and finished goods inventory by fiscal 2020; and

Realize return from our investment in software initiatives.

If  we  cannot  address  these  challenges  successfully  without  interrupting  our  day-to-day  operations,  productions  and 
procedures, or overcome execution risks and other critical obstacles that may emerge as we gain experience with our 
new strategy, we may not be successful in achieving such strategic and operating objectives, we may not be able to expand 
our business or increase our revenues or profitability at the rates we currently contemplate, if at all, and our efforts to 
execute the 2020 Plan may increase costs or otherwise adversely affect our business.

As a result, we may refine our strategic and operating objectives, update our current strategic plan, and pursue strategies 
outside the 2020 Plan that we believe represent great opportunities due to changes in our business, operations and financial 
condition such as, lower-than-expected revenues, unanticipated expenses, increased competition, unfavorable economic 
conditions, other risk factors discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or other unforeseen circumstances.

Business cycles affect our operating results.

Our operating results and our stock price are heavily tied to the health of the building construction industry, with an 
estimated  60%  of  our  total  product  sales  being  dependent  on  housing  starts. The  construction  industry  is  subject  to 
significant volatility due to real estate market cycles, fluctuations in interest rates, the availability, or lack thereof, of 
credit to builders and developers, inflation rates, weather, and other factors and trends.

Further, many of our customers in the construction industry are small and medium-sized businesses. These businesses 
are more likely to be significantly affected by economic downturns than larger, more established businesses. Uncertainty 
about current global economic conditions may cause these consumers to postpone or refrain from spending or may cause 
them  to  switch  to  lower-cost  alternative  products,  which  could  reduce  demand  for  our  products  and  materially  and 
adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Additionally, declines in commercial and residential construction, such as housing starts and remodeling projects, which 
generally occur during economic downturns, have in the past significantly reduced, and in the future can be expected to 
reduce, the demand for our products and our stock price.

Our sales are seasonal and we have little control over the timing of customer purchases. If we miss seasonal forecasts 
or customers purchase our products in different quarters than we or analysts expect, our stock could materially 
decline.

Our sales are seasonal, with operating results varying from quarter to quarter. With some exceptions, our sales and income 
have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters, as customers tend to 
purchase construction materials in the late spring and summer months for the construction season. In addition, weather 
conditions, such as unseasonably warm, cold or wet weather, which affect, and sometimes delay or accelerate installation 
of some of our products, may significantly affect our results of operations. Sales that we anticipate in one quarter may 
occur in another quarter, affecting both quarters’ results and potentially our stock price. 

In addition, we typically ship orders as we receive them and maintain inventory levels to allow us to operate with little 
backlog. The efficiency of our inventory system, and our ability to avoid backlogs and potential loss of customers, is 
closely tied to our ability to accurately predict seasonal and quarterly variances. Further, our planned expenditures are 
also based primarily on sales forecasts. When sales do not meet our expectations, our operating results will be reduced 
for the relevant quarters, as we will have already incurred expenses based on those expectations. This could result in a 
material decline in our stock price.

25

We  operate  in  a  competitive  industry,  and  if  we  fail  to  anticipate  and  react  appropriately  to  competitors, 
technological changes, changing industry trends and other competitive forces our sales and profit margins will 
decline.

Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to meet changing market conditions and develop enhancements 
to our products on a timely basis in order to maintain our competitive advantage. Many of our competitors have greater 
financial and other resources than we do. Our continued growth depends upon our ability to develop additional products, 
services and technologies that meet our customers’ expectation of our brand and quality. There can be no assurance that 
we will be successful in developing and marketing new products, product enhancements and additional technologies, 
that we will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction and marketing 
of these products, or that our new products and product enhancements will adequately meet the requirements of the 
marketplace, or will achieve market acceptance.

Further, one of the core elements of our strategy is to provide high quality products and customer services. Many of our 
competitors are dedicating increasing resources to competing with us, especially as our products and services become 
more  affected  by  technological  advances  and  software  innovations.  Some  of  our  competitors  have  more  experience 
producing software and other technology-driven solutions. As a result, we are dedicating increasing resources to research 
and development in new and changing technologies in order to stay competitive and provide high quality and innovative 
products and services. These increased expenditures could reduce our operating results.

Additionally, our ability to compete effectively depends, to a significant extent, on the specification or approval of our 
products by architects, engineers, building inspectors, building code officials and customers and their acceptance of our 
premium brand. If a significant segment of those communities were to decide that the design, materials, manufacturing, 
testing or quality control of our products is inferior to that of any of our competitors or the cost differences between our 
products and any competitors are not justifiable, our sales and profits would be materially reduced.

Our future growth may depend on our ability to develop new products and penetrate new markets, which could 
reduce our profitability.

Our future success depends upon our continued investment in research and new product development and our ability to 
continue  to  develop  new  products  that  allow  us  to  expand  into  new  markets.  Expansion  into  new  markets  and  the 
development of new products may involve considerable costs and may not generate sufficient revenue to be profitable 
or cover the costs of development. We might not be able to penetrate these product markets and any market penetration 
that occurs might not be timely or profitable. We may be unable to recoup part or all of the significant investments we 
will have made in attempting to penetrate new markets.

Our failure to continue to successfully avoid, manage, defend, litigate and accrue for claims and litigation could 
negatively impact our results of operations or cash flows.

We are exposed to and become involved in various litigation matters arising out of the ordinary routine conduct of our 
business, including, from time to time, actual or threatened litigation relating to such items as our products and services, 
product liability, employment-related claims, our distributors, intellectual property claims and regulatory actions.

The defense of litigation, including fees of legal counsel, expert witnesses and related costs, is expensive and difficult to 
forecast accurately. In general, such costs are unrecoverable even if we ultimately prevail in litigation and could represent 
a  significant  use  of  our  capital  resources. To  defend  lawsuits,  it  is  also  necessary  for  us  to  divert  officers  and  other 
employees  from  their normal  business  functions to  gather  evidence,  give  testimony and  otherwise  support  litigation 
efforts. We expect to experience higher than normal litigation costs arising from the lawsuits disclosed in this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K.

If we lose any material litigation, we could face material judgments or awards against us. An unfavorable resolution of 
one or more of the proceedings in which we are involved now or in the future could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, assets, cash flow and financial condition.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to successfully avoid, manage and defend such matters. In 
addition, given the inherent uncertainties in evaluating certain exposures, actual costs to be incurred in future periods 
may vary from our estimates for such contingent liabilities.

26

Product, Services and Sales Risks

Design defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, product recalls and/or product 
liability claims could harm our reputation, sales and financial results.

We  have  on  occasion  found  flaws  and  deficiencies  in  the  design,  manufacturing,  assembling,  labeling,  product 
formulations, chemical mixes or testing of our products. We also have on occasion found flaws and deficiencies in raw 
materials  and  finished  goods  produced  by  others  and  used  with  or  incorporated  into  our  products.  Some  flaws  and 
deficiencies have not been apparent until after the products were installed by customers.

Many of our products are integral to the structural soundness or safety of the structures in which they are used. If any 
flaws or deficiencies exist in our products and if such flaws or deficiencies are not discovered and corrected before our 
products are incorporated into structures, the structures could be unsafe or could suffer severe damage, such as collapse 
or fire, and personal injury or death could result. Errors in the installation of our products, even if the products are free 
of flaws and deficiencies, could also cause personal injury or death and unsafe structural conditions. To the extent that 
such damage or injury is not covered by our product liability insurance and we are held to be liable, we could be required 
to correct such damage and to compensate persons who might have suffered injury or death, and our reputation, business 
and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Even if a flaw or deficiency is discovered before any damage or injury occurs, we may need to refund customers and/or 
repair or recall products (to the extent possible), and we may be liable for any costs necessary to replace recalled products 
or retrofit or remedy the affected structures. Any such recall, retrofit or other remedy could entail substantial costs and 
adversely affect our reputation, sales and financial condition. We do not carry insurance against recall costs or the adverse 
business effect of a recall, and our product liability insurance may not cover retrofit or other remedy costs.

As a result of the nature of many of our products and their use in construction projects, claims (including product warranty 
claims and claims resulting from a natural disaster) may be made against us with regard to damage or destruction of 
structures incorporating our products whether or not our products failed. Any such claims, if asserted, could require us 
to expend material time and efforts defending the claim and may materially and adversely affect our business and financial 
condition. Costs associated with resolving such claims (such as repair or replacement of the affected parts) could be 
material and may exceed any amounts reserved in our consolidated financial statements.

While we generally attempt to limit our contractual liability and our exposure to price or expense increases, we 
may have uncapped liabilities or significant exposure under some contracts, and could suffer material losses under 
such contracts.

We enter into many types of contracts with our customers, suppliers and other third parties, including in connection with 
our expansion into new markets and new product lines. Under some of these contracts, our overall liability may not be 
limited to a specified maximum amount or we may have significant potential exposure to price or expense increases. If 
we receive claims under these contracts or experience significant price increases or comparable expense increases, we 
may incur liabilities significantly in excess of the revenues associated with such contracts, which could have a material 
adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our  software  provides  some  design  functions  to  customers,  and  we  are  involved  both  in  product  sales  and 
engineering services. Any software errors or deficiencies or failures in our engineering services could have material 
adverse effects on our operations and financial condition.

Our  design  software  facilitates  the  creation  by  customers  of  complex  construction  and  building  designs  and  we  are 
involved both in product sales and engineering services. Our software is extremely complex and is continually being 
modified and improved. As a result, it may contain defects or errors and new versions may introduce new defects and 
errors. While we have attempted to limit our potential liability for the failure of any designs created by our software, as 
a result of defects in our software, the structures could be unsafe or could suffer severe damage, such as collapse or fire, 
and personal injury or death could result. Errors in construction unconnected with our design could also cause personal 
injury or death and unsafe structural conditions, even if our software design is sufficient. To the extent that a structure 
designed by our software suffers any failure or deficiency, we could be required to correct deficiencies and may become 
involved in litigation, even if our software design was not the cause of such deficiency. Further, if any damage or injury 
is not covered by our insurance and we are held to be liable, we could be required to correct such damage and to compensate 
persons who might have suffered injury, and our reputation, business and financial condition could be materially and 
adversely affected.

27

While we engage in testing and upgrades, there can be no assurance that, despite our testing and upgrades, errors will 
not be found in new and existing products resulting in loss of revenues or delay in market acceptance, diversion of 
development resources, damage to our reputation, adverse litigation, or increased service and warranty costs, any of 
which would have a material adverse effect upon our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are also involved in providing engineering solutions to our clients. The risks associated with providing these services 
are materially different than the risks we historically faced when we only produced products. If our engineers prepare, 
approve or seal drawings that contain defects or otherwise are involved in any design or construction that contains flaws, 
regardless of whether our engineers caused such flaws, we may be held liable for professional negligence or other damages, 
which could involve material claims.

We have a few large customers, the loss of any one of which could negatively affect our sales and profits.

Our largest customers accounted for a significant portion of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 
2015. Any reduction in, or termination of, our sales to these customers would at least temporarily, and possibly on a 
longer term basis, cause a material reduction in our net sales, income from operations and net income. Such a reduction 
in or elimination of our sales to any of our largest customers would increase our relative dependence on our remaining 
large customers.

In addition, our distributor customers have increasingly consolidated over time, which has increased the material adverse 
effect of losing any one of them and may increase their bargaining power in negotiations with us. These trends could 
negatively affect our sales and profitability.

Increases in prices of raw materials could negatively affect our sales and profits.

Our principal raw material is steel, including stainless steel. The steel industry can have large fluctuations. Numerous 
factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, competition, worldwide demand, material and labor 
costs, energy costs, foreign exchange rates, import duties and other trade restrictions influence prices for our raw materials. 
Further, the domestic steel market is heavily influenced by three major United States manufacturers. We have not always 
been able, and in the future we might not be able, to increase our product prices in amounts that correspond to increases 
in costs of raw materials, without materially and adversely affecting our sales and profits.

We have historically not hedged against changes in prices of steel or other raw materials. In past years, however, we have 
increased our anticipatory purchases of steel in an effort to mitigate the effects of rising steel prices. This strategy, coupled 
with changing economic conditions, has resulted in substantial fluctuations in our inventory in recent years, which can 
materially and adversely affect our margins, cash flow and profits.

We depend on third parties for transportation services and the lack of availability of transportation and/or increases 
in cost could materially and adversely affect our business and operations.

Our business depends on the transportation of both finished goods to our customers and distributors and the transportation 
of raw materials to us. We rely on third parties for transportation services of these items, which services are occasionally 
in high demand (especially at the end of calendar quarters) and/or subject to price fluctuations.

If  the  required  supply  of  transportation  services  is  unavailable  when  needed,  our  manufacturing  processes  may  be 
interrupted or we may be unable to sell our products at full value, or at all. This could harm our reputation, negatively 
impact our customer relationships and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation. 
In addition, a material increase in transportation rates or fuel surcharges could have a material adverse effect on our 
profitability.

Technological and Intellectual Property Risks

Our recent efforts to increase our technology offerings and integrate new software and application offerings may 
prove unsuccessful and may affect our future prospects.

Our industry has experienced increased complexity in some home design and builders are more aggressively trying to 
reduce their costs. One of our responses has been to design and market sophisticated software to facilitate the design and 

28

marketing of our product systems. We have continued to commit substantial resources to our software development 
endeavors in recent years and expect that trend to continue in 2018.

We have a limited operating history in the technology space and may not be able to create commercially successful 
software and applications. Even if we are able to create initially successful ideas, the technology industry is subject to 
rapid changes. We may not be able to adapt quickly enough to keep up with changing demands, and our software may 
become obsolete.

While we see having a software interface with the construction industry as a potential growth area, we also face competition 
from  other  companies  that  are  focused  solely  or  primarily  on  the  development  of  software  and  applications. These 
companies may have significantly greater expertise and resources to devote to software development, and we may be 
unable to compete with them in that space.

If we cannot protect our technology, we will not be able to compete effectively.

Our ability to compete effectively with other companies depends in part on our ability to maintain the proprietary nature 
of our technology, in part through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property protections. We might 
not be able to protect or rely on our patents and copyrights. Patents might not issue pursuant to pending patent applications. 
Our software copyright and other protections might not be adequate to protect our software and application code. Others 
might independently develop the same or similar technology, develop around the patented aspects of any of our products 
or proposed products, or otherwise obtain access to or circumvent our proprietary technology. We also rely on unpatented 
proprietary technology to maintain our competitive position. We might not be able to protect our trade secrets, our know-
how or other proprietary information. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our significant products, our 
sales and profits are likely to be materially reduced.

In attempting to protect our proprietary information, we sometimes initiate lawsuits against competitors and others that 
we  believe  have  infringed  or  are  infringing  our  rights.  In  such  an  event,  the  defendant  may  assert  counterclaims  to 
complicate or delay the litigation or for other reasons. Litigation may be very costly and may result in adverse judgments 
that affect our sales and profits materially and adversely.

Claims that we infringe intellectual property rights of others may materially increase our expenses and reduce 
our profits.

Other parties have in the past and may in the future claim that our products or processes infringe their intellectual property 
rights. We may incur substantial costs and liabilities in investigating, defending and resolving such claims, whether or 
not they are meritorious, which may materially reduce our profitability and materially and adversely affect our business 
and financial condition. Litigation can be disruptive to normal business operations and may result in adverse rulings or 
decisions. If any such infringement claim is asserted against us, we may be required to obtain a license or cross-license, 
modify our existing technology or design a new non-infringing technology, any of which could be costly and time-
consuming. A ruling against us in an infringement lawsuit could include an injunction barring our production or sale of 
any infringing product. A damages award against us could include an award of royalties or lost profits and, if the court 
finds willful infringement, treble damages and attorneys’ fees.

If we are unable to protect our information systems against data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network 
security breaches, our operations could be disrupted and our reputation and profitability could be negatively 
affected.

We  depend  on  information  technology  networks  and  systems,  including  the  internet,  to  process,  transmit  and  store 
electronic information. We depend on our information technology infrastructure for electronic communications among 
our locations around the world and between our personnel and our subsidiaries, customers and suppliers. We collect and 
retain  large  volumes  of  internal  and  customer,  vendor  and  supplier  data,  including  some  personally  identifiable 
information,  for  business  purposes. We  also  maintain  personally  identifiable  information  about  our  employees. The 
integrity and protection of our customer, vendor, supplier, employee and other Company data is critical to our business. 
The regulatory environment governing information, security and privacy laws is increasingly demanding and continues 
to evolve. Maintaining compliance with applicable security and privacy regulations may increase our operating costs or 
adversely affect our business operations.

Unauthorized parties may also attempt to gain access to our systems or facilities through fraud, trickery or other forms 
of deceiving our employees, contractors or other agents or representatives. Security breaches of our infrastructure could 
29

create  system  disruptions,  shutdowns  or  unauthorized  disclosures  of  confidential  information.  Despite  the  security 
measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of the retailers, dealers, licensees and other third party 
distributors with which we do business, may be vulnerable to security breaches, cyber-attacks, acts of vandalism, computer 
viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. Any security breach involving 
the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer, employee, supplier or Company 
information, whether by us or by the retailers, dealers, licensees and other third party distributors with which we do 
business, could result in losses, severely damage our reputation, expose us to the risks of litigation and liability (including 
regulatory liability), disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and 
financial condition.

We  publicly  post  our  privacy  policies  and  practices  concerning  our  processing,  use,  and  disclosure  of  personally 
identifiable information on our website. The publication of our privacy policy and other statements we publish that provide 
assurances about privacy and security can subject us to potential federal, state, or other regulatory action if they are found 
to be deceptive or misrepresentative of our practices.

We may experience delays or outages in our information technology system and computer networks.

We may be subject to information technology system failures and network disruptions. These may be caused by delays 
or  disruptions  due  to  system  updates,  natural  disasters,  malicious  attacks,  accidents,  power  disruptions, 
telecommunications failures, acts of terrorism or war, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar events 
or disruptions.

Despite our security measures, our systems could be vulnerable to disruption, and any such disruption could negatively 
affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our agreements for software and software-as-services products have limited terms, and we may be unable 
to renew such agreements and may lose access to such products.

We have various agreements with a number of third parties that provide software and software-as-service products to us. 
These agreements often require reoccurring payments for online access to the products and have limited terms. In the 
future, we will be required to renegotiate the terms of these agreements, and may be unable to renew such agreements 
on favorable terms. If any such agreement cannot be renewed or can only be renewed on terms that are materially worse 
for us, we may be unable to access the applicable software, and our business and operating results may be adversely 
affected. 

Regulatory Risks

Failure to comply with industry regulations could result in reduced sales and increased costs.

We  are  subject  to  environmental  laws  and  regulations  governing  emissions  into  the  air,  discharges  into  water,  and 
generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials. We are also subject to other 
federal and state laws and regulations regarding health and safety matters.

Our manufacturing operations involve the use of solvents, chemicals, oils and other materials that are regarded as hazardous 
or toxic. We also use complex and heavy machinery and equipment that can pose severe safety hazards, especially if not 
properly and carefully used. Some of our products also incorporate materials that are hazardous or toxic in some forms, 
such  as zinc and  lead used in  some steel galvanizing processes,  chemicals used  in our  acrylic and epoxy  anchoring 
products, and chemicals used in our concrete repair, strengthening and protecting products. The gun powder used in our 
powder-actuated tools is explosive. We have in the past, and may in the future, need to take steps to remedy our failure 
to properly label, store, transport, use and manufacture such toxic and hazardous materials.

If we do not obtain all material licenses and permits required by environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, 
we may be subject to regulatory action by governmental authorities. If our policies and procedures are flawed, or our 
employees fail or neglect to follow our policies and procedures in all respects, we might incur liability. Relevant laws 
and regulations could change or new ones could be adopted that require us to incur substantial expense to comply.

30

Complying or failing to comply with conflict minerals regulations could materially and adversely affect our supply 
chain, our relationships with customers and suppliers and our financial results.

We are currently subject to conflict mineral disclosure regulations in the U.S. and may be affected by new regulations 
concerning conflict and similar minerals adopted by other jurisdictions where we operate. While we have been successful 
to date in adapting to such regulations, we have and will continue to incur added costs to comply with the disclosure 
requirements, including costs related to determining the source of such minerals used in our products. We may not be 
able to ascertain the origins of such minerals that we use and may not be able to satisfy requests from customers to certify 
that our products are free of conflict minerals. These requirements also could constrain the pool of suppliers from which 
we source such minerals. We may be unable to obtain conflict-free minerals at competitive prices. Such consequences 
will increase costs and may materially and adversely affect our manufacturing operations and profitability.

When we provide engineering services we are subject to various local, state and federal rules and regulations 
which can increase our potential liability.

As part of our product offerings, we may provide engineering and design-related services to our clients. Some of these 
services require us to stamp drawings or otherwise be involved in the engineering process. While we generally attempt 
to limit our liability through our internal processes and through our legal agreements with third parties to which we 
provide such services, under various local, state and federal rules and regulations these limitations may not be effective 
and we may be held liable for engineering failures. Any such liability could materially and adversely affect our profitability. 

Capital Expenditures, Expansions, Acquisitions and Divestitures Risks

Our acquisition activities, if any, present unique risks for our business, and any acquisition could materially and 
adversely affect our business and operating results.

We compete for acquisitions with other potential acquirers, some of which have greater financial or operational resources 
than we do. As a result, we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or strategic opportunities. Any 
acquisitions we undertake involve numerous risks, including, for example:

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

inadequate access to information and/or due diligence of acquired businesses;
diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;
overvaluation of acquired businesses;
difficulties  assimilating  the  operations  and  products  of  acquired  businesses,  including  expensive  and  time 
consuming integration costs such as employee redeployment, relocation or severance, combining teams and 
processes in various functional areas, reorganization or closures of facilities, and relocation or disposition of 
excess equipment;
inaccurate accounting or public reporting arising from integration of the financial statements and disclosures of 
acquired businesses;
undisclosed existing or potential liabilities of acquired businesses;
slow acceptance or rejection of acquired businesses’ products by our customers;
risks of entering markets in which we have little or no prior experience;
litigation involving activities, properties or products of acquired businesses;
increased cost of regulatory compliance and enforcement;
consumer and other claims related to products of acquired businesses; and
the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses.

In addition, future acquisitions may involve issuance of additional equity securities that dilute the value of our existing 
equity securities, increase our debt, cause impairment related to goodwill and cause impairment of, and amortization 
expenses related to, other intangible assets, which could materially and adversely affect our profitability. Any acquisition 
could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results, and as a result, our business and operating results 
may differ from any guidance that we may provide.

We may decide to dispose of assets and incur material expenses in doing so.

We have terminated in the past and may terminate in the future product lines or businesses if we determine that the cost 
of operating them is not warranted by their expected profitability. For example, we closed our sales offices in China, 
Thailand and Dubai in 2015. There are significant costs with such divestitures, which could materially and adversely 
affect our sales, assets, profitability and financial condition.

31

Our capital expenditures may not be adequate to maintain our competitive position and may not be implemented 
in a timely or cost-effective manner.

Our capital expenditures are limited by our liquidity and capital resources and the amount we have available for capital 
spending is limited by the need to pay our other expenses and to maintain adequate cash reserves and borrowing capacity 
to meet unexpected demands that may arise. Productivity improvements through process re-engineering, design efficiency 
and manufacturing cost improvements may be required to offset potential increases in labor and raw material costs and 
competitive price pressures. If we are unable to make sufficient capital expenditures, or to maximize the efficiency of 
the capital expenditures we do make, our competitive position may be harmed and we may be unable to manufacture the 
products necessary to compete successfully in our targeted market segments.

Additional financing, if needed, to fund our working capital, growth or other business requirements may not be 
available on reasonable terms, or at all.

If the cash needed for working capital or to fund our growth or other business requirements increases to a level that 
exceeds the amount of cash that we generate from operations and have available through our current credit arrangements, 
we will need to seek additional financing. Additional or new borrowings may not be available on reasonable terms, or at 
all. Our ability to raise money by issuing and selling shares of our common or preferred stock depends on general market 
conditions and the demand for our stock. If we sell stock, our existing stockholders could experience substantial dilution. 
Our  inability  to  secure  additional  financing  could  prevent  the  expansion  of  our  business,  internally  and  through 
acquisitions.

If we change significantly the location, nature or extent of some of our manufacturing operations, we may reduce 
our net income.

If we decide to change significantly the location, nature or extent of a portion of our manufacturing operations, we may 
need to record an impairment of our goodwill. Our goodwill totaled $137.1 million at December 31, 2017. Recording an 
impairment of our goodwill correspondingly reduces our net income. Other changes or events in the future could further 
impair our recorded goodwill, which could also materially and adversely affect our profitability.

International Operations Risks

Our international operations may be materially and adversely affected by factors beyond our control.

Economic, social and political conditions, laws, practices and customs vary widely among the countries where we produce 
or sell our products. Our operations outside of the United States are subject to a number of risks and potential costs, 
including, for example, lower profit margins, less protection of intellectual property and economic, political and social 
uncertainty in some countries. Our sales and profits depend, in part, on our ability to develop and implement policies and 
strategies that effectively anticipate and manage these and other risks in the countries where we do business. These and 
other risks may materially and adversely affect our operations in any particular country and our business as a whole.

International construction standards, techniques and methods differ from those in the United States. Laws and regulations 
applicable in new markets may be unfamiliar to us. Compliance may be substantially more costly than we anticipate. As 
a result, we may need to redesign our products, or invent or design new products, to compete effectively and profitably 
in international markets. Inflation in emerging markets may also make our products more expensive there and increases 
the market and credit risks that we are exposed to.

Other significant challenges to conducting business in foreign countries include, among other factors, local acceptance 
of  our  products,  political  instability,  changes  in  import  and  export  regulations,  changes  in  tariff  and  freight  rates, 
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, currency controls, cash repatriation restrictions and differing economic outcomes.

International operations expose us to foreign exchange rate risk.

We have foreign exchange rate risk in our international operations and through purchases from foreign vendors. We do 
not currently hedge this risk. Changes in currency exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our sales and 
profitability.

32

Because of our international operations, we could be adversely affected by violations of applicable U.S. federal 
and state or foreign laws and regulations, such as the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar 
worldwide anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-kickback laws.

As a result of our expanded international operations, we face increasing compliance and regulatory oversight related to 
operating in foreign countries. The foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that are applicable to our operations are complex 
and may increase the costs of regulatory compliance, or limit or restrict the products or services we sell or subject our 
business to the possibility of regulatory actions or proceedings. The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and 
other similar laws and regulations, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments 
to foreign governmental officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. While our policies mandate compliance 
with applicable laws and regulations, including anti-bribery laws and other anti-corruption laws, we cannot guarantee 
that we will be successful in preventing our employees or other agents from taking actions in violation of these laws or 
regulations. Such violations, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse 
effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our  international  operations  depend  on  our  successful  management  of  our  subsidiaries  outside  of  the  United 
States.

We  conduct  our  international  business  through  wholly  owned  subsidiaries.  Managing  distant  subsidiaries  and  fully 
integrating them into our business is challenging. We cannot directly supervise every aspect of the operations of our 
subsidiaries operating outside the United States. As a result, we rely on local managers and staff. Cultural factors and 
language  differences  can  result  in  misunderstandings  among  internationally  dispersed  personnel.  The  risk  that 
unauthorized conduct may go undetected may be greater in subsidiaries outside of the United States. These problems 
could adversely affect our sales and profits.

Failure to comply with export, import, and sanctions laws and regulations could affect us materially and adversely.

We are subject to a number of export, import and economic sanction regulations, including the International Traffic in 
Arms Regulations (“ITAR”), the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) and U.S. sanction regulations administered 
by the U.S. Department of Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets (“OFAC”). Foreign governments where we have operations 
also implement export, import and sanction laws and regulations, some of which may be inconsistent or conflict with 
ITAR and EAR. Where we face such inconsistencies, it may be impossible for us to comply with all applicable regulations.

If we do not obtain all necessary import and export licenses required by applicable export and import regulations, including 
ITAR and EAR, or do business with sanctioned countries or individuals, we may be subject to fines, penalties and other 
regulatory action by governmental authorities, including, among other things, having our export or import privileges 
suspended. Even if our policies and procedures for exports, imports and sanction regulations comply, but our employees 
fail or neglect to follow them in all respects, we might incur similar liability.

Any changes in applicable export, import or sanction laws or regulations or any legal or regulatory violations could 
materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our manufacturing facilities in China complicate our supply and inventory management.

We maintain manufacturing capability in various parts of the world, in part to allow us to serve our customers with prompt 
delivery of needed products. Such customer service is a significant factor in our efforts to compete with larger companies 
that have greater resources than we have. In recent years, we have substantially expanded our manufacturing in China. 
Nearly all of our manufacturing output in China was and is currently intended for export to other parts of the world. 
Because of the great distances between our manufacturing facilities in China and the markets to which the products made 
there  will  be  shipped,  we  may  have  difficulty  providing  adequate  service  to  our  customers,  which  may  put  us  at  a 
competitive disadvantage. Our attempts to provide prompt delivery may necessitate that in China we produce and keep 
on hand substantially more inventory of finished products than would otherwise be needed. Inventory fluctuations can 
materially and adversely affect our margins, cash flow and profits. Any tariffs, duties, taxes, penalties imposed by the 
United States on imports from China would negatively affect our inventory management and profits.

We are subject to U.S. and international tax laws that could affect our financial results.

We generally conduct international operations through our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Our income tax liabilities in the 
different countries where we operate depend in part on internal settlement prices and administrative charges among us 
33

and our subsidiaries. These arrangements require us to make judgments with which tax authorities may disagree. Tax 
authorities may impose additional tariffs, duties, taxes, penalties and interest on us. Transactions that we have arranged 
in light of current tax rules could have material and adverse consequences if tax rules change, and changes in tax rules or 
imposition of any new or increased tariffs, duties and taxes could materially and adversely affect our sales, profits and 
financial condition.

Tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations are issued or applied. The 
U.S. recently enacted significant tax reform, and certain provisions of the new law may adversely affect us. If the U.S. 
or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, financial 
condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted.

Recent changes in applicable law regarding the transfer of personally identifiable information by U.S. companies 
doing business in the European Union could lead us to spend significant resources trying to comply with the newly 
developed rules. We may not succeed in meeting such requirements, and we may face governmental actions and 
suffer business losses.

We  have  in  the  past  relied  on  adherence  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Commerce’s  Safe  Harbor  Policy  Principles  and 
compliance with the Safe Harbor Frameworks as agreed to and set forth by the European Commission and the United 
States, which established a means for legitimating the transfer of personally identifiable information by U.S. companies 
doing business in the European Union (“EU”) to the U.S. under the EU Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC). New EU 
legislation, the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (“GDPR”) will apply from May 25, 
2018, in replacement of the EU Data Protection Directive, and is expected to have a significant impact on how businesses 
can collect and process the personal data of EU individuals.

In light of the GDPR, we have made and continue to engage in additional compliance efforts when transferring certain 
data from the EU. We may be unsuccessful in complying with the new EU data transfer requirements, and as a result, 
we may be at risk of enforcement actions taken by an EU data protection authority until such point in time that we ensure 
all data transfers to us from the EU are in compliance with applicable law. We may find it necessary to establish systems 
to maintain EU-origin data in the European Economic Area, which may involve substantial expense and distraction from 
other aspects of our business.

Capital Structure Risks

A stockholder controls approximately 11% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, which may reduce 
other stockholders' ability to influence our affairs.

As of December 31, 2017, Sharon Simpson controlled, directly and indirectly, approximately 11% of the then outstanding 
shares of our common stock. Ms. Simpson, therefore, has significant influence with respect to our corporate matters 
requiring stockholder approval such as the election of our directors and proposals that come before the stockholders at 
the annual meeting or other special meetings.

Further, if all or a substantial portion of her shares of our common stock is sold, it could depress the price of our common 
stock.

Any issuance of preferred stock may dilute your investment and reduce funds available for dividends.

Our Board of Directors is authorized by our Certificate of Incorporation to determine the terms of one or more series of 
preferred stock and to authorize the issuance of shares of any such series on such terms as our Board of Directors may 
approve. Any such issuance could be used to impede an acquisition of our business that our Board of Directors does not 
approve, further dilute the equity investments of holders of our common stock and reduce funds available for the payment 
of dividends to holders of our common stock.

Future sales of our common stock could adversely affect our stock price.

Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue, from time to time, authorized and unissued shares of our common 
stock. Our issuance of substantial amounts of new shares of our common stock could adversely affect the prevailing 
market price for our common stock.

34

All of the outstanding shares of our common stock are freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933, 
as amended (the “Securities Act”), other than shares of our common stock held by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined 
in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which, however, may be sold by our affiliates pursuant to Rule 144.

If a substantial number of shares of our common stock are sold in the public market pursuant to Rule 144 by our affiliates 
or issued upon the exercise of our outstanding options, the trading price of our common stock in the public market could 
be adversely affected. As of February 26, 2018, there were 5,294,439 million shares held by our affiliates

Delaware law and our corporate governance documents could deter takeover attempts that might otherwise be 
beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions of Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. Section 203 of the Delaware 
General Corporation Law may make the acquisition of the Company more difficult for potential acquirers by prohibiting 
stockholders holding 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock from acquiring us without the consent of our Board 
of Directors for at least three years from the date they first hold 15% or more of the voting stock.

Pursuant to the Company's current corporate governance documents, our stockholders cannot call special meetings and 
cannot take action by written consent. In addition, a change in the composition of our Board of Directors that is not 
approved by the existing Board of Directors could trigger a default under our existing credit facilities.

These provisions may discourage, delay or make difficult a merger or acquisition of the Company, including a transaction 
that may offer a premium price for our common stock.

We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a publicly-traded company, including costs arising 
from the scrutiny of our business, practice and governance as a publicly-traded company.

As a U.S. public company, we are generally subject to the reporting and other requirements of applicable federal and 
state securities laws, rules and regulations and scrutiny by stockholders and proxy advisors. Compliance with these laws, 
rules and regulations and attending to stockholder requests, requires us to continue to incur significant legal, accounting 
and other expenses and costs, makes some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increases demands on 
our systems and resources, and may continue to do so. For example, we recently expended significant time and resources 
in terminating our stockholder rights plan, creating a compensation recovery policy and an anti-hedging and anti-pledging 
policy, redesigning our executive compensation program and responding to other requests from our stockholders. We 
continue to implement strategic and board initiatives to comply with recent and updated best-practices related to our 
public company status and respond to stockholder feedback, and expect that will have to continue to allocate significant 
time and resources to such endeavors.

In addition, as a result of disclosure of information in filings required of a public company, our business and financial 
condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and 
other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the 
claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve 
them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, brand and reputation and results 
of operations.

Employee Risks

We depend on key management and technical personnel, the loss of whom could harm our business.

We depend on our key management and technical personnel. The loss of one or more key employees could materially 
and adversely affect us.

Our success also depends on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical, sales and marketing and management 
personnel necessary for the maintenance and expansion of our activities. We face strong competition for such personnel 
and may not be able to attract or retain such personnel. In addition, when we experience periods with little or no profits, 
a decrease in compensation based on our profits may make it difficult to attract and retain highly qualified personnel.

In order to attract and retain executives and other key employees, we must provide a competitive compensation package, 
including cash and stock-based compensation. Our primary form of stock-based compensation is restricted stock units 
(“RSUs”). We have issued a substantial number of RSUs in various forms to our management and staff. We cannot 
35

guarantee that such stock-based incentive awards are tax deductible. As a result, we may be required to pay additional 
tax on stock-based compensation to our employees.

If the anticipated value of our stock-based incentive awards does not materialize so that they cease to be viewed as 
valuable, if our profits decrease, or if our total compensation package is not viewed as competitive, our ability to attract, 
retain and motivate executives and key employees could be weakened. The failure to successfully hire and retain executives 
and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations.

Any work stoppage or interruption by employees could materially and adversely affect our business and financial 
condition.

A significant number of our employees are represented by labor unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements 
that will expire between 2018 and 2021. Although we believe that our relations with our employees are generally good, 
no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements 
as they expire from time to time. If we fail to extend or renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements, if disputes with 
our unions arise, or if our unionized workers engage in a strike or other work stoppage or interruption, we could experience 
a significant disruption of, or inefficiencies in, our operations or incur higher labor costs, which could have a material 
adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity.

Other Risks

Natural disasters could decrease our manufacturing capacity.

Some  of  our  current  manufacturing  facilities  are  located  in  geographic  regions  that  have  experienced  major  natural 
disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. Our disaster recovery plan may not be adequate or effective. We 
do not carry earthquake insurance. Other insurance that we carry is limited in the risks covered and the amount of coverage. 
Our insurance would not be adequate to cover all of our resulting costs, business interruption and lost profits when a 
major natural disaster occurs. A natural disaster rendering one or more of our manufacturing facilities totally or partially 
unusable, whether or not covered by insurance, would materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Climate change could materially and adversely affect our business.

We cannot predict the effects that climate change may have on our business. They might, for example:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

depress or reverse economic development,
reduce the demand for construction,
increase the cost and reduce the availability of fresh water,
destroy forests, increasing the cost and reducing the availability of wood products used in construction,
increase the cost and reduce the availability of raw materials and energy,
increase the cost of capital,
increase the cost and reduce the availability of insurance covering damage from natural disasters,
lead to claims regarding the content or adequacy of our public disclosures, and
lead to new laws and regulations that increase our expenses and reduce our sales.

Any of these consequences, and other consequences of climate change that we do not foresee, could materially and 
adversely affect our sales, profits and financial condition.

We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.

We provide guidance on our anticipated tax rates. Failure to meet these anticipated rates could cause us to miss analyst 
forecasts and could result in material declines in our stock price. Our future income taxes could be adversely affected by 
earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in 
jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, as 
a result of changes in foreign tax exchanges, or changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles, as well as 
certain discrete items. The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires 
significant judgment, and there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. 
Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our 
financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination 
is made. 

36

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Reform Act") was signed into law. The impact 
of  the  Tax  Reform Act  and  any  future  Treasury  rules,  regulations  or  guidance  thereunder  on  our  business  and  our 
stockholders is uncertain and could be adverse and cause our future results of operations and financial condition to differ 
materially from our expectations, estimates and assumptions disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or previously.

Contracts that we file as exhibits to our public reports contain recitals, representations and warranties that may 
not be factually correct.

The parties to any agreement or other instrument that we file as an exhibit to this or any other report did not necessarily 
intend that any recital, representation, warranty or other statement of purported fact in the instrument establish or confirm 
any fact, even if it is worded as such. Often such statements are used to allocate contractual risk between the parties, and 
the statements often are subject to standards of materiality that differ from the standards applicable to our reports. In 
addition, such statements may have been qualified by other materials that we have not filed with (or incorporated by 
reference into) this or any other report or document. Such exhibits should be read in the context of our other disclosures 
in our reports and it should not be assumed that any statement, representation or warranty of any party is necessarily 
factually accurate.

Impairment charges on goodwill or other intangible assets adversely affect our financial position and results of 
operations.

We are required to perform impairment tests on our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and definite-lived intangible 
assets annually or at any time when events occur that could affect the value of such assets. To determine whether a 
goodwill impairment has occurred, we compare fair value of each of our reporting units with its carrying value. In the 
past,  these  tests  have  led  us  to  incur  significant  impairment  charges.  Significant  and  unanticipated  changes  in 
circumstances,  such  as  significant  adverse  changes  in  business  climate,  adverse  actions  by  regulatory  authorities, 
unanticipated competition, loss of key customers or changes in technology or markets, can require a charge for impairment 
that can materially and adversely affect our reported net income and our stockholders’ equity.

We rely on complex software systems and hosted applications to operate our business, and our business may be 
disrupted if we are unable to successfully/efficiently update these systems or convert to new systems.

We are increasingly dependent on technology systems to operate our business, reduce costs, and enhance customer service. 
These  systems  include  complex  software  systems  and  hosted  applications  that  are  provided  by  third  parties  such  as 
financial management and human capital management platforms from SAP America, Inc. and Workday, Inc. Software 
systems need to be updated on a regular basis with patches, bug fixes and other modifications. Hosted applications are 
subject to service availability and reliability of hosting environments. We also migrate from legacy systems to new systems 
from time to time. Maintaining existing software systems, implementing upgrades and converting to new systems are 
costly and require a significant allocation of personnel and other resources. The implementation of these systems upgrades 
and  conversions  is  a  complex  and  time-consuming  project  involving  substantial  expenditures  for  implementation 
activities, consultants, system hardware and software, often requires transforming our current business and financial 
processes to conform to new systems, and therefore, may take longer, be more disruptive, and cost more than forecast 
and may not be successful. If the implementation is delayed or otherwise is not successful, it may hinder our business 
operations  and  negatively  affect  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations. There  are  many  factors  that  may 
materially  and  adversely  affect  the  schedule,  cost,  and  execution  of  the  implementation  process,  including,  without 
limitation, problems during the design and testing phases of new systems; system delays and malfunctions; the deviation 
by suppliers and contractors from the required performance under their contracts with us; the diversion of management 
attention from our daily operations to the implementation project; reworks due to unanticipated changes in business 
processes;  difficulty  in  training  employees  in  the  operation  of  new  systems  and  maintaining  internal  control  while 
converting from legacy systems to new systems; and integration with our existing systems. Some of such factors may 
not be reasonably anticipated or may be beyond our control.

Failure of our internal control over financial reporting or our accounting systems could harm our business and 
financial results.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control, our internal control over financial reporting might not detect or 
prevent misstatements of our consolidated financial statements on a timely basis. We have used accounting and other 
financial management software systems in connection with our operations. Defects in such systems or their implementation 
could result in errors in our consolidated financial statements. Our growth and entry into globally dispersed markets as 
37

well as periodic conversions from legacy software systems to new software systems puts significant additional pressure 
on our internal control. Failure to maintain an effective internal control could limit our ability to report our financial 
results accurately or to detect and prevent deficiencies timely, cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and 
completeness of our financial reports, and subject us to regulatory investigations and litigation. As a result, our business 
and the market price of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected.

Changes in accounting standards could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

The  accounting  rules  applicable  to  public  companies  are  subject  to  frequent  revision.  Future  changes  in  accounting 
standards, guidance and interpretations could require us to change the way we measure revenue, expense or balance sheet 
amounts, which could result in material and adverse change to our reported results of operations or financial condition.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

The Company owns its home office in Pleasanton, California, and its principal United States manufacturing facilities in Stockton 
and San Bernardino County, California, McKinney, Texas, West Chicago, Illinois, Columbus, Ohio, and Gallatin, Tennessee. The 
principal manufacturing facilities located outside the United States, the majority of which are owned, are in Canada, France, 
Denmark, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Portugal and China. The Company also owns and leases smaller manufacturing 
facilities, warehouses, research and development facilities and sales offices in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, 
Asia, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile. As of February 28, 2018, the Company’s owned and leased facilities were 
as follows:

North America
Europe
Asia/Pacific
Administrative and all other
Total

Number

Of

Properties

Approximate Square Footage

Owned

Leased

Total

(in thousands of square feet)

29
20
11
3
63

2,323
541
175
368
3,407

702
329
78
—
1,109

3,025
870
253
368
4,516

Our headquarters and principal executive offices are located in Pleasanton, California. We believe that our properties are maintained 
in good operating condition. Our manufacturing facilities are equipped with specialized equipment and use extensive automation. 
We consider its existing and planned facilities to be adequate for its operations as currently conducted and as planned through 
2018. Our leased facilities typically have renewal options and have expiration dates through 2026. We believe it will be able to 
extend leases on our various facilities as necessary, as they expire. Currently, our manufacturing facilities are being operated with 
at least one full shift. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we anticipate that it may require 
additional facilities to accommodate possible future growth.

We retained our real estate in Vacaville, California, and leased it to M&G Dura-Vent, Inc. for approximately $0.9 million per year 
for ten years ending 2020. These properties are classified under the “Administrative & All other” segment.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and other matters arising in the normal course of business.

Corrosion, hydrogen enbrittlement, cracking, material hardness, wood pressure-treating chemicals, misinstallations, misuse, design 
and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, adulteration, 
environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, specialty chemicals, 

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
such as fiber reinforced polymers, and tool products.  In addition, inaccuracies may occur in product information, descriptions 
and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

Certain  of  the  legal  proceedings  in  which  we  are  involved  are  discussed  under  “Litigation  and  Potential  Claims”  in  Note  9, 
“Commitments  and  Contingencies,”  to  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  and  are  hereby  incorporated  by 
reference. The resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and could have a material adverse effect on 
the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information for Common Stock

The information presented below is our historical data and not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition or results 
of operations. 

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “SSD.” The following 
table shows the range of high and low closing sale prices per share of our common stock as reported by the NYSE and dividends 
declared per share of our common stock for each quarter of the two most recent fiscal years indicated below, respectively:

Quarter
2017

Fourth
Third
Second
First
2016

Fourth
Third
Second
First

Record Holders

Market Price

High

Low

Dividends
Declared

$

$

$

$

60.92
49.32
44.13
44.94

48.17
45.27
39.97
38.17

$

$

48.63
42.01
40.18
41.55

40.88
39.32
37.25
30.49

—
0.42
0.21
0.18

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.16

As of February 23, 2018, there were 9,283 holders of record of the Company’s common stock. Because many of our shares of 
common stock are held by brokers and other nominees on behalf of stockholders, including in trust, we are unable to estimate the 
total number of stockholders represented by these record holders. 

Dividends

The Company declared dividends of $0.16 per share of our common stock in the first quarter of 2016 and $0.18 per share of our 
common stock in each of the second, third and fourth quarters of 2016. The Company declared dividends of $0.18 per share of 
our common stock in the first quarter of 2017, $0.21 per share of our common stock in the second quarter and $0.42 in the third 
quarter of 2017 ($0.21 per share of our common stock declared in each of July and September ). The Company declared no 
dividends in the fourth quarter of 2017. On January 29, 2018, the Company declared a dividend of $0.21 per share of our common 
stock. See "Note 15 — Subsequent Events" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Future dividends, if any, will 

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors, based on the Company’s future earnings, cash flows, financial condition and 
other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. See “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations.”

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required by this item with respect to our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to our Proxy 
Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

40

 
Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the 
Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference 
into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific 
reference in such filing. The information presented below is our historical data and not necessarily indicative of our future financial 
condition or results of operations. 

The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company’s common stock from December 31, 2012, 
through December 31, 2017, with the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index (a broad equity market index), the Dow Jones 
U.S. Building Materials & Fixtures Index (a published industry or line-of-business index) and a Peer Group Index over the same 
period (assuming the investment of $100 in the Company’s common stock and in each of the indices on December 31, 2012, and 
reinvestment of all dividends into additional shares of the same class of equity securities at the frequency with which dividends 
are paid on such securities during the applicable fiscal year). To provide an additional comparison to our performance, we included 
an index consisting of companies in the building products or construction materials industries that are most comparable to us in 
terms of size and nature of operations, which group has also been referenced by us in connection with setting our executive 
compensation. The Peer Group Index below consisted of AAON, Inc., PGT Innovations, Inc., Continental Building Products, Inc., 
Trex  Company,  Inc.,  Insteel  Industries,  Inc.,  Quanex  Building  Products  Corp.,  American  Woodmark  Corp,  Headwaters 
Incorporated, Patrick Industries, Inc., Apogee Enterprises, Inc., U.S. Concrete, Inc., Gibraltar Industries, Inc., Eagle Materials 
Corp., Summit Material, LLC., NCI Building Systems, Inc., Ply Gem Holdings, Inc., and Masonite International Corp. We added 
a Peer Group Index to the stock performance graph below to ensure that it continues to reflect an appropriate comparison to our 
business operations. Headwaters Incorporated was acquired in, and not included in such group with respect to 2017.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., the S&P 500 Index, 
the Dow Jones US Building Materials & Fixtures Index, and a Peer Group

$300

$250

$200

$150

$100

$50

$0

12/12

12/13

12/14

12/15

12/16

12/17

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

S&P 500

Dow Jones US Building Materials & Fixtures

Peer Group

*$100 invested on 12/31/12 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

41

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The table below presents the monthly repurchases of shares of our common stock in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2017.

Period
October 1 - October 31, 2017
November 1 - November 30, 2017
December 1 - December 31, 2017
     Total

(a)

(b)

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
—
—
677,500
677,500

Average
Price Paid
per Share
N/A
N/A
59.04

$

(c)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

—
—
677,500

(d)
Approximate 
Value of Shares 
that May Yet Be 
Purchased Under 
the Plans or 
Programs (1)
$201.5 million
$201.5 million
$151.5 million

(1) 

Pursuant to the $275.0 million repurchase authorization that was publicly announced on August 1, 2017, and is scheduled to expire at 
the end of 2018. See “Note 1 — Stock Repurchase Program” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2017, the Company entered into a Supplemental Confirmation with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells 
Fargo") for a $50 million accelerated share repurchase program (the "2017 December ASR Program"). Under the 2017 December 
ASR Program, the Company received 677,500 shares at an average price of $59.04 per share for a total of $40.0 million. The final 
delivery under the 2017 December ASR Program was made in February 2018. See Note 15 — "Subsequent Events" to the Company’s 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

42

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with Part II, Item 7 — "Management's Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the 
related Notes thereto, including any discussion of accounting changes, business combinations or dispositions of business operations 
therein, to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below.

The consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and the consolidated 
balance sheets data as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included 
in  the  Company's  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The  consolidated  statements  of  operations  data  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are derived from 
our audited consolidated financial statements, except as otherwise noted, that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-
K. The information presented below is our historical data and not necessarily indicative of our future financial condition or results 
of operations. The financial data below includes the results of operations of acquired companies following their acquisition. For 
a summary of acquisitions that took place during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, see “Note 13 — 
Acquisitions and Dispositions” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

 (in thousands, except per-share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit

Research and development and other engineering expense
Selling expense
General and administrative expense
Impairment of goodwill
Net loss (gain) on disposal of assets
Income from operations
Loss in equity method investment, before tax
Interest income (expense), net
Gain on bargain purchase of a business
Loss on disposal of a business
Income from operations
Provision for income taxes
Net income

Earnings per share of common stock:

Basic
Diluted

Cash dividends declared per share of common stock

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

$ 977,025
530,761
446,264

$ 860,661
448,211
412,450

$ 794,059
435,140
358,919

$ 752,148
410,118
342,030

$ 705,322
391,791
313,531

47,616
114,903
144,738
—
(160)
139,167
(86)
(788)
6,336
(211)
144,418
51,801
92,617

1.95
1.94

0.810

46,248
98,343
129,162
—
(780)
139,477
—
(577)
—
—
138,900
49,166
89,734

1.87
1.86

0.700

46,196
90,663
113,428
—
(389)
109,021
—
(342)
—
—
108,679
40,791
67,888

1.39
1.38

0.620

39,018
92,031
111,500
530
(325)
99,276
—
46
—
—
99,322
35,791
63,531

1.30
1.29

0.545

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

$

$

$
$

$

36,843
85,102
108,070
—
2,038
81,478
—
86
—
—
81,564
30,593
50,971

1.05
1.05

0.375

$

$
$

$

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Working capital
Property, plant and equipment, net
Goodwill
Total assets
Line of credit and long-term debt, including current
portion
Total liabilities
Total stockholders’ equity

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

December 31,

$

$

447,450
273,020
137,140
1,037,523

3,662
152,745
884,778

476,451
232,810
124,479
979,974

—
114,132
865,842

$

494,308
213,716
123,950
961,309

—
111,485
849,824

$

509,838
207,027
123,881
973,065

18
109,600
863,465

$

464,901
209,533
129,218
953,613

103
112,334
841,279

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following is a discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations, unless stated otherwise, for the 
Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and of certain factors that may affect the Company’s 
prospective financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements 
as discussed in the “Note About Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should 
be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included therein. In addition to 
our historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our 
plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those plans, estimates, and beliefs. Factors that could 
cause  or  contribute  to  these  differences  include  those  discussed  below  and  elsewhere  in  this Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K, 
particularly "Item 1A — Risk Factors."

Overview

We design, manufacture and sell building construction products that are of high quality and performance, easy to use and cost-
effective for customers. We operate in three business segments determined by geographic region: North America, Europe and 
Asia/Pacific. 

Our primary business strategy is to grow through increasing our market share and profitability in Europe; growing our share in 
the concrete space; and continuing to develop our software to support our core wood products offering while leveraging our 
strengths in engineering, sales and distribution, and our strong brand name. We believe these initiatives and objectives are crucial 
to not only offer a more complete solution to our customers and bolster our sales of core wood connector products, but also to 
mitigate the cyclicality of the U.S. housing market. 

On October 30, 2017, we announced the 2020 Plan to provide additional transparency into our strategic plan and financial objectives. 
We remain on track to substantially achieve our aggressive financial targets under the 2020 Plan, assuming (i) that there are mid-
single digit growths in U.S. housing starts and in the repair and remodel market, (ii) that we can realize the $30 million annualized 
revenue opportunity for our mechanical anchor product line in stores of The Home Depot, Inc., (iii) that we can increase our market 
share and profitability in Europe, and (iv) that we can gain market shares for both our truss and concrete product offerings. Subject 
to future events and circumstances, our 2020 Plan is centered on three key aggressive operational objectives as further described 
below.

• 

• 

First, a continued focus on organic growth with a goal to achieve a net sales compound annual growth rate of approximately 
8% (from $860.7 million reported in fiscal 2016) through fiscal 2020.
Second, rationalizing our cost structure to improve company-wide profitability by reducing total operating expenses, as 
a percent of net sales from 31.8% in fiscal 2016 to a range of 26.0% to 27.0% by fiscal 2020. We expect to achieve this 
initiative, aside from top-line growth, through cost reduction measures in Europe and our concrete product line, zero-
based budgeting for certain expense categories and a commitment to remaining headcount neutral (except in the production 
and sales departments to meet demands from sales growth). Offsetting these reductions will be the Company’s ongoing 
investment in its software initiatives as well as the expenses associated with our ongoing SAP implementation. 

•  Third, improving our working capital management and overall balance sheet discipline primarily through the reduction 
of inventory levels by aggressively eliminating 25 to 30% of the Company’s product SKUs and implementing Lean 
principles in many factories. We believe we can achieve an additional 30% reduction of our raw materials and finished 
goods inventory over the next three years without impacting day-to-day production and shipping procedures.

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In addition to these efforts, we recently hired a leading management consultant to perform an independent in-depth analysis of 
our operations and identify additional opportunities to enhance our operational efficiencies. We believe our efforts to achieve the 
2020 Plan will contribute to improved business performance and operating results, improve returns on invested capital  (1) and 
allow us to be more aggressive in repurchasing shares of our stock in the near-term. Through execution on the 2020 Plan, we also 
expect by the end of fiscal year 2020 to achieve a return on invested capital target within the range of 17% to 18%. 

We believe our ability to achieve industry-leading margins from a gross profit and operating income standpoint is due to the high 
level of value-added services that we provide to our customers. Aside from our strong brand recognition and trusted reputation, 
Simpson is unique due to our extensive product testing capabilities and our state-of-the-art test lab; strong customer support and 
education for engineers, builders and contractors; deep 40-plus year relationships with engineers that get our products specified 
on the blueprint and pulled through to the job site; product availability with delivery in typically 24 hours or less; and an active 
involvement with code officials to improve building codes and construction practices. Based on current information, we expect 
the competitive environment to be relatively stable. We also expect U.S. single-family housing starts to continue to grow as a 
percentage in the mid to high single digits over the next few years, which should support a sustainable organic revenue growth 
outlook in North America for many of our products.

We have invested in strategic initiatives, including approximately $8 million annual research and development expenses in software 
development, to help us perform throughout all industry cycles, such as scaling up our wood construction products operations in 
Europe and ongoing development of our software solutions, which we estimate supports approximately 40% of our connector and 
truss plate sales, as our market strategy is to sell engineered product solutions. In support of this effort, we acquired Gbo Fastening 
Systems AB (“Gbo Fastening Systems”) and CG Visions, Inc. (“CG Visions”) in January 2017, as we believe these two acquisitions 
fit into our current business model and growth strategy.

While acquisitions were part of a dual-fold approach to growth in the past, our go-forward strategy will focus on organic growth, 
supported by strategic capital investments in the business. As such, we will de-emphasize acquisitions activities going forward, 
especially as it relates to the concrete space. An exception may occur if the right opportunity were to arise in our core fastener 
space, which is the particular area where we believe it would be beneficial to gain additional production capacity to support our 
wood business.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Unlike lumber or other products that have a more direct correlation to housing starts, our products are used to a greater extent in 
areas that are subject to natural forces, such as seismic or wind events. Our products are generally used in a sequential process 
that follows the construction process. Residential and commercial construction begins with the foundation, followed by the wall 
and the roof systems, and then the installation of our products, which flow into a project or a house according to these schedules. 
Foundation product sales could be considered a leading indicator for our product sales. Sales of foundation products in the fourth 
quarter of 2017 decreased compared to the same period in 2016.

Our sales also tend to be seasonal, with operating results varying from quarter to quarter. With some exceptions, our sales and 
income have historically been lower in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and third quarters of a fiscal year, as our 
customers tend to purchase construction materials in the late spring and summer months for the construction season. In addition, 
weather conditions, such as extended cold or wet weather, which affect and sometimes delay installation of some of our products, 
could negatively affect our results of operations. Political and economic events can also affect our sales and profitability.

Operating expenses, excluding gain (losses) on disposal of assets, as a percentage of net sales was 31%, 32% and 31% for the 
years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Acquisitions

North America

In January 2017, we acquired CG Visions for approximately $20.8 million subject to specified holdback provisions and post-
closing adjustments. This acquisition is expected to enable us to build closer partnerships with builders by offering software and 
services to help them control costs and increase efficiency at all stages of the home building process. We have begun to look for 
opportunities to incorporate our products into CG Visions' building information modeling ("BIM") packages and apply CG Visions’ 
expertise to our existing and future software initiatives.

45

Europe

In January 2017, we acquired Gbo Fastening Systems for approximately $10.2 million. Gbo Fastening Systems manufactures and 
sells a complete line of European approved CE-marked structural fasteners, mostly in northern and eastern Europe, which we have 
begun to distribute and sell to our subsidiaries in western Europe. We have begun distributing into the Nordic countries wood 
connector products that were manufactured in the Company's manufacturing facilities in western Europe. Further, we begun to 
access Gbo Fastening Systems' expertise in product development and testing, and proficiency in fastener manufacturing and surface 
treatment, to strengthen Gbo Fastening Systems' global presence and contribute engineering expertise in automatic fastening 
systems and fastener collation to help broaden its fastener and structural connectors lines.

The Company sold Gbo Fastening Systems' Poland and Gbo Fastening Systems' Romania subsidiaries ("Gbo Poland and Gbo 
Romania") on September 29, 2017 and October 31, 2017, respectively. The Company retains Gbo Fastening Systems' operations 
in Sweden and Norway. 

ERP Integration

In July 2016, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a plan to replace our current in-house enterprise resource planning 
("ERP") and externally sourced accounting platforms with a fully integrated ERP platform from SAP America, Inc. ("SAP") in 
multiple phases by location over a period of three to four years at all facilities plus our headquarters, with a focus on configuring, 
instead of customizing, the standard SAP modules. We anticipate the ERP implementation project will cost approximately $30 
million to $34 million through 2019, including capital expenditures. Annual operating expenses will increase from 2017 to 2024 
as a result of the ERP project, partly due to the amortization of related capitalized costs.

We believe that the ERP project has progressed well in 2017 and is currently on track and on budget. As of December 31, 2017, 
we have capitalized $11.6 million and expensed $3.3 million of the costs associated with the ERP project. We went live with our 
first locations in February of 2018. We anticipate that, as the project progresses further into 2018, we will spend more time and 
resources in training our staff for the new platform, as opposed to configuring the SAP modules, and we expect to record the cost 
associated with such training as expense. For 2018, we estimate that approximately $7 to $8 million of the costs associated with 
the ERP project will be expensed, including the amortization of capitalized SAP costs.

Business Segment Information

Our North America segment has generated revenues primarily from wood construction products compared to concrete construction 
products. Due to improved economic conditions, including an increase in housing starts, net sales in regions of the segment have 
trended up, primarily due to increases in unit sales volumes and an approximately 4% price increase for our connector products 
in the United Stated effective on December 1, 2016, as well as added revenues from CG Visions. Our truss sales decreased slightly 
in 2017. Our truss specialists will focus on converting medium size truss customers to our design and management software in 
2018, while continuing to support our smaller truss customers. In addition, we have presented the BIM platform acquired from 
CG Visions to various builders to showcase the software and for us to determine which modules and services that builders might 
be interested in using to support their business. 

During 2016, we initiated a multi-year plan to increase our North America factory production efficiency, aiming to achieve a 75% 
factory utilization rate on two full shifts by moving high-volume connector production from both our Riverside and Western 
Canada facilities to our other three manufacturing locations in North America. As of September 30, 2017, we had relocated 100% 
of our planned high-volume connector production. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, 
we estimate this transition will save approximately $3.0 million per year, mostly in production costs. Also, we are moving all of 
our truss plate manufacturing to our existing wood connector manufacturing facilities to increase the efficiency and plant utilization. 
Upon completion, the truss plate manufacturing facility will be permanently closed. Based on current information and subject to 
future events and circumstances, we will complete the transition by the end of the first quarter of 2018 and we estimate this 
transition will save approximately $2 million per year in annual production costs.

In late 2016, we collaborated with The Home Depot, Inc. (“The Home Depot”) to begin to roll out our mechanical anchor line of 
products that are available at The Home Depot. This collaboration increased a portion of our finished goods inventory and we 
expect to continue to introduce our mechanical anchor line of products through approximately 1,900 of The Home Depot store 
locations by 2020. Once the rollout is completed, we anticipate this opportunity will meaningfully contribute to our concrete 
business lines going forward and estimate that on an annualized basis it could potentially increase our net sales by approximately 
$30 million.

46

Our  Europe  segment  generates  more  revenues  from  wood  construction  products  than  concrete  construction  products.  Wood 
construction product sales increased 58% in 2017 compared to 2016, primarily due to the acquisition of Gbo Fastening Systems. 
Concrete construction product sales are mostly project based and net sales increased 20% in 2017 compared to 2016, primarily 
due to increased sales volume in 2017. We are uncertain whether concrete construction product net sales will continue to grow at 
this pace for 2018. In the first quarter of 2018, our Western European locations introduced a complete line of Gbo fastener products 
to its customers and started taking sales orders. Also, we reduced future operating expenses by an estimated $2.0 million per year 
through personnel reductions. See “Europe” below.

Our Asia/Pacific segment has generated revenues from both wood and concrete construction products. We have closed our sales 
offices located in China, Thailand and Dubai; and discontinued our selling activities in Hong Kong, due to continued losses in the 
regions. We believe that the Asia/Pacific segment is not significant to our overall performance.

(1) When referred to above, the Company’s return on invested capital (“ROIC”) for a fiscal year is calculated based on (i) 
the net income of that year as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations prepared pursuant to 
generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”), as divided by (ii) the average of the sum of the total 
stockholders’ equity and the total long-term liabilities at the beginning of and at the end of such year, as presented in the 
Company’s consolidated balance sheets prepared pursuant to GAAP for that applicable year. As such, the Company’s 
ROIC, a ratio or statistical measure, is calculated using exclusively financial measures presented in accordance with 
GAAP.

Business Outlook

Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances:

•  The Company currently anticipates that the market price of steel to rise during the first quarter of 2018.

•  The Company estimates that its full-year 2018 gross profit margin will be between approximately 45% and 46%.

•  The Company estimates that its full-year 2018 effective tax rate will be between 26% and 27%. The ultimate impact of 
the Tax  Reform Act  may  differ  materially  from  the  Company’s  estimates  due  to  changes  in  the  interpretations  and 
assumptions made by the Company as well as additional regulatory guidance that may be issued and actions the Company 
may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act, such as cash repatriation to the United States. The Company will continue 
to assess the expected impacts of the new tax law and provide additional disclosures at appropriate times.

47

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the Company's operating results as a percentage of net sales for the years 
ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Research and development and other engineering
Selling expense
General and administrative expense
Net gain on disposal of assets
Income from operations
Income in equity method investment
Interest income (expense), net
Gain on bargain purchase of a business
Loss on disposal of a business
Income before taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

100.0 %
54.3 %
45.7 %
4.9 %
11.8 %
14.8 %
(0.1)%
14.3 %
— %
(0.1)%
0.6 %
— %
14.8 %
5.3 %
9.5 %

100.0 %
52.1 %
47.9 %
5.4 %
11.4 %
15.0 %
(0.1)%
16.2 %
— %
(0.1)%
— %
— %
16.1 %
5.7 %
10.4 %

100.0 %
54.8 %
45.2 %
5.8 %
11.4 %
14.3 %
— %
13.7 %
— %
— %
— %
— %
13.7 %
5.1 %
8.6 %

Unless otherwise stated, the Company’s results below, when referencing “recent acquisitions,” refer to the January 2017 
acquisitions of Gbo Fastening Systems and CG Visions; when referencing “recently acquired businesses,” refer to Gbo 
Fastening Systems and/or CG Visions, as applicable; and when referencing “acquired net sales,” refer to net sales of such 
acquired businesses, as applicable. When referencing the “recent North America acquisition,” the Company’s results below 
refer to the CG Vision acquisition; and when referencing “recent Europe acquisitions,” refer to the Gbo Fastening Systems 
acquisition. See "Note 13 — Acquisitions and Dispositions" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements). 

2015 to 2017 Financial Highlights

Net sales increased 23% to $977.0 million in 2017 from $794.1 million in 2015.

•  North America — Net sales increased 19% to $803.7 million in 2017 from $676.6 million in 2015. 
•  Europe — Net sales increased 53% to $165.2 million in 2017 from $108.1 million in 2015, primarily due recent acquisitions.
•  Asia/Pacific — Net sales decreased 13% to $8.2 million in 2017 from $9.4 million in 2015, due to the closing of sales offices 

in China, Thailand and Dubai in the first quarter of 2015.

Gross profit increased 24% to $446.3 million in 2017 from $358.9 million in 2015 and gross profit as a percentage of net sales 
("gross profit margin") increased to 46% in 2017 from 45% in 2015.

•  North America — Gross profit margin remained at 47% for both 2017 and 2015. 
•  Europe — Gross profit margin decreased to 36% in 2017 from 38% in 2015, primarily due recent acquisitions. 
• 

Product group — The gross profit margins, including some inter-segment expenses, that are eliminated in consolidation, and 
excluding  other  expenses  not  allocated  according  to  product  group,  remained  at  47%  for  both  2017  and  2015  for  wood 
construction products and remained at 35% for both 2017 and 2015 for concrete construction products. 

Income from operations increased 28% to $139.2 million in 2017 from $109.0 million in 2015 and operating profit as a percentage 
of net sales ("operating profit margin") remained at 14% for both 2017 and 2015. Operating expenses (excluding net gain on 
disposal of assets) increased to $307.3 million in 2017 from $250.3 million in 2015, but remained at 31% of net sales in both of 
years ended 2017 and 2015.

48

 
 
 
•  North America — Income from operations increased 21% to $132.9 million in 2017 from $109.4 million in 2015. Operating 

profit margin increased to 17% in 2017 from 16% in 2015. 

•  Europe — Income from operations increased 16% to $4.4 million in 2017 from $3.8 million in 2015. Operating profit margin 

decreased to 3% in 2017 from 4% in 2015. 

•  Asia/Pacific — Income from operations was $1.2 million in 2017 compared to a loss of $3.4 million in 2015.

Our effective income tax rate decreased to 36% in 2017 from 38% in 2015.

The Company had net income of $92.6 million for 2017 compared to net income of $67.9 million for 2015. Diluted net income 
per share of common stock was $1.94 for 2017 compared to $1.38 for 2015. 

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such 
as “increased,” “decreased,” “unchanged” or “compared to”), compare the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 
2017, against the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. Unless otherwise stated, the results announced 
below, when referencing “both years,” refer to the year ended December 31, 2016 and the year ended December 31, 2017. To 
avoid fractional percentages, all percentages presented below were rounded to the nearest whole number.

The following table shows the change in the Company’s operations from 2016 to 2017, and the increases or decreases for each 
category by segment:

 (in thousands)
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Research and development and other
engineering expense
Selling expense
General and administrative expense
Gain on sale of assets
Income from operations
Loss in equity method, before tax
Interest expense, net
Gain on bargain purchase of a business
Loss on disposal of a business
Income before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income

2016
860,661
448,211
412,450

46,248
98,343
129,162
(780)
139,477
—
(577)
—
—
138,900
49,166
89,734

$

$

Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment

North
America

Europe

Asia/ 
Pacific

Admin & 
All Other

$

$

61,676
41,245
20,431

$

53,881
38,946
14,935

$

807
2,255
(1,448)

— $
104
(104)

201
8,042
15,840
769
(4,421)
(86)
89
—
—
(4,418)
4,278
(8,696) $

$

1,224
8,268
1,935
(18)
3,526
—
(204)
6,336
(211)
9,447
697
8,750

$

6
227
(653)
(67)
(961)
—
63
—
—
(898)
(302)
(596) $

(63)
23
(1,546)
(64)
1,546
—
(159)
—
—
1,387
(2,038)
3,425

$

2017
977,025
530,761
446,264

47,616
114,903
144,738
(160)
139,167
(86)
(788)
6,336
(211)
144,418
51,801
92,617

Net Sales increased 14% to $977.0 million from $860.7 million. Recently acquired businesses accounted for $47.9 million (41%) 
of the increase in net sales. Net sales to contractor distributors, lumber dealers, dealer distributors and home centers increased 
primarily due to increased home construction activity and average net sales unit prices. Wood construction product net sales, 
including sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented 85% of the Company's total 
net sales in both years. Concrete construction product net sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, 
powder actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented 15% of the Company's total net sales in both years.

Gross profit increased to $446.3 million from $412.5 million. Gross profit margins decreased to 46% from 48%. Recently acquired 
businesses had an average gross profit margin of 30% for the year ended 2017. The gross profit margins, including some intersegment 
expenses, which were eliminated in consolidation, and excluding other expenses that are allocated according to product group, 
decreased to 47% from 49% for wood construction products and remained at 35% for both years for concrete construction products.

49

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Research and development and engineering expense increased 3% to $47.6 million from $46.2 million, primarily due to increases 
of $2.2 million in personnel costs mainly attributable to the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2017, 
and $1.2 million in severance expenses, partly offset by a decreases of $1.4 million in professional fees and $0.8 million in cash 
profit sharing on lower operating income.

Selling expense increased 17% to $114.9 million from $98.3 million primarily due to increases of $10.3 million in personnel costs 
mostly related to recent acquisitions and the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2017, $3.1 million in 
advertising costs, $2.0 million in severance expenses, $0.7 million in depreciation expense, $0.3 million in donation expense, $0.3 
million in facility expenses and $0.2 million in computer and phone expenses, which was partly offset by a decrease of $0.9 million 
in cash profit sharing expense. Recent acquisitions increased selling expense by $7.2 million.

General and administrative expense increased 12% to $144.7 million from $129.2 million, primarily due to increases of $10.3 
million in personnel costs mostly related to recent acquisitions and the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 
1, 2017, $6.5 million in legal and professional fees mostly related to strategic initiatives such as software and systems integration 
and compensation and governance changes, $3.7 million in software licensing, maintenance and hosting fees, $2.2 million in 
depreciation expense and $2.0 million in severance expenses, which was partly offset by a decrease of $6.0 million in cash profit 
sharing expense on lower operating income and reduced payouts under our executive officer cash profit sharing plan and $0.4 
million in stock-based compensation as well as an increase of $3.0 million from favorable net foreign currency translations and 
transactions. Recently acquired businesses were responsible for $11.2 million of the total increase in general and administrative 
expenses.

Gain on bargain purchase of a business - On January 3, 2017, we acquired Gbo Fastening Systems for approximately $10.2 
million. This transaction was recorded as a business combination in accordance with the business acquisition method. We recorded 
a bargain purchase gain of $6.3 million, which represents the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed over the 
consideration exchanged as of the acquisition date. This nonrecurring, non-operating income gain is included in the line item 
“Gain (adjustment) on bargain purchase of a business” in our results of operations for 2017.

Loss on disposal of a business - In 2017, we sold all of the outstanding shares of Gbo Poland and Gbo Romania for approximately 
$10.2 million, resulting in a loss of $0.2 million. In February 2018, post-closing adjustments were finalized, which resulted in the 
Company receiving an additional $69 thousand in sales proceeds. 

Our effective income tax rate increased to 36% from 35%, primarily due to the Tax Reform Act toll tax (repatriation), partly offset 
by a decrease in the deferred tax liability due to the December 31, 2017 re-measurement the liability using the new 21% U.S. 
corporate tax rate.

Net income was $92.6 million compared to $89.7 million. Diluted net income per share of common stock was $1.94 compared to 
$1.86. The increase in net income was primarily due to the $6.3 million nonrecurring bargain purchase gain (see "Gain on bargain 
purchase of a business" above), which increased diluted net income by $0.13 per share of common stock.

Net Sales

The following table shows net sales by segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively:

(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
December 31, 2017

Increase
Percentage increase

North
America
$ 742,021
803,697
61,676

$

Europe
$ 111,274
165,155
53,881

$

8%

48%

Asia/
Pacific

7,366
8,173
807
11%

$

$

Total
$ 860,661
977,025
$ 116,364

14%

The following table shows segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, 
respectively:

Percentage of total 2016 net sales
Percentage of total 2017 net sales

50

North
America

Europe

Asia/
Pacific

86%
82%

13%
17%

Total

100%
100%

1%
1%

  
 
 
Gross Profit

The following table shows gross profit by segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively:

(in thousands)
December 31, 2016
December 31, 2017
Increase (decrease)
Percentage increase (decrease)

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North
America
$ 365,758
386,189
20,431

$

Europe
44,038
58,973
14,935

$

$

$

$

6%

34%

Asia/
Pacific

Admin &
All Other

$

2,419
971
(1,448) $
*

Total
$ 412,450
446,264
33,814

235
131
(104) $

*

8%

The following table shows gross profit percentages by segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively:

2016 gross profit percentage
2017 gross profit percentage

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

North
America

Europe

Asia/
Pacific

49%
48%

40%
36%

33%
12%

Admin &
All Other
*
*

Total

48%
46%

•  Net sales increased 8% mostly due to increased average unit price in the United States and increased overall sales volumes. 
Canada's net sales increased primarily due to increased sales volumes on flat average net sales unit prices. Canada's net 
sales were not significantly affected by foreign currency translation. The recent North America acquisition increased net 
sales by $5.8 million. 

•  Gross  profit  margin  decreased  to  48%  from  49%  due  to  increased  material,  factory  and  overhead  expenses  and  labor 

expenses, which was partly offset by the effect of increased average net sales unit prices.

•  Research and development and engineering expense increased $0.2 million primarily due to increases of $1.5 million in 
personnel costs mainly related to the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2017, and $0.6 million 
in severance expenses, partly offset by a decreases of $1.4 million in consulting fees and $0.9 million in cash profit sharing 
expense.

• 

Selling expense increased $8.0 million, primarily due to increases of $4.5 million in personnel costs mostly related to the 
addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2017, $2.4 million in advertising expense mostly in point 
of purchase advertising, trade show and sale promotion costs, $0.8 million in severance expenses, $0.7 million in depreciation 
expense and $0.3 million in donation expense, partly offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in cash profit sharing costs on 
lower operating income. 

•  General and administrative expense increased $15.8 million, primarily due to increases of $6.9 million in personnel costs, 
mostly related to the North America acquisition and the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 
2017,  $6.4  million  in  legal  and  professional  fees,  mostly  related  to  strategic  initiatives  such  as  software  and  systems 
integration and compensation and governance changes, $2.6 million mostly in software licensing, maintenance and hosting 
fees, $2.0 million in depreciation expense, $1.8 million in severance expenses, $0.6 million in intangible amortization 
expense and $0.5 million in stock-based compensation, partly offset by a decrease of $3.8 million in cash profit sharing 
expense as well as the benefit from $0.5 million in net foreign currency translation in the current period. The recent North 
America acquisition increased general and administrative expense by $6.5 million.

• 

Income from operations decreased $4.4 million, mostly due to increased operating expenses, which were partially offset 
by higher gross profit. Severance expenses of $3.6 million were recorded in 2017.

51

 
 
 
Europe

•  Net sales increased 48% primarily due acquired net sales of $42.1 million, which accounted for 78% of the total increase. 
Net sales were positively affected by approximately $1.4 million in foreign currency translations primarily related to the 
strengthening of the Euro, Polish zloty and Danish Kroner against the United States dollar.

•  Gross profit margin decreased to 36% from 40% primarily due to our recent Europe acquisitions. The acquired businesses 

in Europe had an average gross profit margin of 20% in 2017. 

•  Research and development and engineering expense increased $1.2 million primarily due to increases of $0.6 million in 
severance expenses and $0.5 million in personnel costs mainly related to the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted 
on January 1, 2017.

• 

Selling expense increased $8.3 million primarily due to an increase of $5.4 million in personnel costs mostly related to 
acquisitions and the addition of staff, $1.2 million in severance expenses, $0.6 million mostly in advertising costs, $0.3 
million in facility expenses and $0.2 million in agent commissions. The recent Europe acquisitions increased selling expense 
by $6.6 million.

•  General and administrative expense increased $1.9 million primarily due to increases of $2.4 million in personnel costs, 
mostly related to the addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2017, $1.0 million in computer expenses 
mostly in software licensing and data processing fees, $0.6 million in cash profit sharing expense, $0.2 million in severance 
expenses, $0.2 million in stock based compensation and $0.2 million in professional fees, partly offset by a decrease in 
amortization expense of $0.5 million as well as the benefit from $2.9 million in net foreign currency translation in the 
current period. Recent Europe acquisitions increased general and administrative expense by $4.7 million.

• 

Income from operations increased $3.5 million, mostly due to increased gross profits, which were partially offset by higher 
operating expenses, which included $2.0 million in severance expenses.

Asia/Pacific

• 

For information about the Company's Asia/Pacific segment, please refer to the table above setting forth changes in our 
operating results for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

Administrative and All Other

•  General and administrative expenses decreased, primarily due to a decreases of $2.8 million in cash profit sharing expense, 

partly offset by an increase of $1.3 million in personnel costs.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

Unless otherwise stated, the results announced below, in this "Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015"
section, when providing comparisons (which are generally indicated by words such as “increased,” “decreased,” "remained" or 
“compared to”), compare the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, against the results of operations for the 
year ended December 31, 2015.

To avoid fractional percentages, all percentages presented below in this section were rounded to the nearest whole number.

52

The following table shows the change in the Company’s operations from 2015 to 2016, and the increases or decreases for each 
category by segment.

 (in thousands)
Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Research and development and other
engineering expense
Selling expense
General and administrative expense
Gain on sale of assets
Income from operations
Interest expense, net
Income before income taxes
Provision for income taxes
Net income

Increase (Decrease) in Operating Segment

North
America

Europe

Asia/ 
Pacific

Admin & 
All Other

$

$

65,403
17,273
48,130

$

3,206
680
2,526

(2,007) $
(4,174)
2,167

— $

(708)
708

(33)
6,370
14,622
(695)
27,866
(79)
27,787
8,547
19,240

$

191
1,920
3,337
(24)
(2,898)
(256)
(3,154)
(264)
(2,890) $

(90)
(563)
(3,027)
263
5,584
(96)
5,488
140
5,348

$

$

(16)
(47)
802
65
(96)
196
100
(48)
148

$

2015
794,059
435,140
358,919

46,196
90,663
113,428
(389)
109,021
(342)
108,679
40,791
67,888

$

$

2016
860,661
448,211
412,450

46,248
98,343
129,162
(780)
139,477
(577)
138,900
49,166
89,734

Net Sales increased 8% to $860.7 million from $794.1 million. Net sales to dealer distributors, lumber dealers, contractor distributors 
and home centers increased primarily due to increased home construction activity. Wood construction product net sales, including 
sales of connectors, truss plates, fastening systems, fasteners and shearwalls, represented 85% of the Company's total net sales in 
both 2016 and 2015. Concrete construction product net sales, including sales of adhesives, chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder 
actuated tools and reinforcing fiber materials, represented 15% of the Company's total net sales in both 2016 and 2015. 

Gross profit increased to $412.5 million from $358.9 million. Gross profit margins increased to 48% from 45%. The gross profit 
margins, including some inter-segment expenses, that are eliminated in consolidation, and excluding other expenses not allocated 
according to product group, increased to 49% from 47% for wood construction products and increased to 35% from 31% for 
concrete construction products.

Research and development and engineering expense was $46.2 million in both 2016 and 2015, primarily due to increases of $2.3 
million in cash profit sharing expense on increased profits, $0.7 million in personnel costs, $0.5 million in supply costs, $0.4 
million  in  computer  costs  and  $0.1  in  stock-based  compensation,  offset  by  decreases  of  $4.2  million  write-offs  of  software 
development projects, most of which occurred in the North America segment.

Selling expense increased 8% to $98.3 million from $90.7 million, primarily due to increases of $5.0 million in personnel costs, 
$2.6 million in cash profit sharing expense on increased profits, and $0.5 million in advertising expense, partly offset by a decrease 
of $0.8 million in professional fees.

General and administrative expense increased 14% to $129.2 million from $113.4 million, primarily due to increases of $5.4 
million in cash profit sharing expense on increased profits, $4.0 million in legal and professional fees, primarily related to acquisition 
activities, stockholder engagement and board initiatives, such as changes to executive compensation and corporate governance, 
$2.2 million in stock-based compensation, $1.8 million in computer and information technology expense, $1.1 million in personnel 
costs, and $0.4 million in contingent compensation related to prior acquisitions made in Europe, as well as a $0.9 million increase 
in net foreign currency losses, partly offset by decreases of $0.6 million in bad debt reserve and $0.1 million in facility rent and 
maintenance expense.

Income taxes

Our effective income tax rate decreased to 35% from 38%, primarily due to reduced operating losses in the Asia/Pacific segment, 
for which no tax benefit was recorded.

Net income was $89.7 million compared to $67.9 million. Diluted net income per share was $1.86 compared to $1.38. The increase 
in net income was primarily due to increased gross profit margin, partly offset by increased general and administrative and selling 
expenses.

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Sales

The following table shows net sales by segment for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively:

(in thousands)
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2016
Increase (decrease)
Percentage increase (decrease)

North
America
$ 676,618
742,021
65,403

$

Europe
$ 108,068
111,274
3,206

$

$

Asia/
Pacific
9,373
7,366
$ (2,007)

Total
$ 794,059
860,661
66,602

$

10%

3%

(21)%

8%

The following table shows segment net sales as percentages of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively:

Percentage of total 2015 net sales
Percentage of total 2016 net sales

 Gross Profit

North
America

Europe

Asia/
Pacific

85%
86%

14%
13%

Total

100%
100%

1%
1%

The following table shows gross profit by segment for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively:

(in thousands)
December 31, 2015
December 31, 2016

Increase
Percentage increase

 * The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North
America
$ 317,628
365,758
$ 48,130

Europe
41,512
44,038
2,526

$

$

$

$

15%

6%

Asia/
Pacific

Admin &
All Other

Total

$

$

251
2,419
2,168
*

(472) $ 358,919
412,450
235
53,531
707

$

*

15%

The following table shows gross profit percentages by segment for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively:

2015 gross profit percentage
2016 gross profit percentage

* The statistic is not meaningful or material.

North America

North
America

Europe

Asia/
Pacific

47%
49%

38%
40%

3%
33%

Admin &
All Other
*
*

Total

45%
48%

•  Net sales increased 10%, mostly due to increased unit sales volumes on improved economic activity as well as a slight 
increase in average net sales unit prices in both the United States and Canada. Canada's net sales were negatively affected 
by approximately $1.2 million in foreign currency translation, due to the weakening of the Canadian dollar against the 
United States dollar. 

•  Gross profit margin increased to 49% from 47%, primarily as a result of a decrease in material costs, as a percentage of 

sales and an increase in average net sales unit price.

•  Research and development and engineering expense was flat in 2016 compared to 2015.

• 

Selling expense increased $6.4 million, primarily due to increases of $4.4 million in personnel costs, mostly related to the 
addition of staff and pay rate increases instituted on January 1, 2016, $2.3 million in cash profit sharing expense and $0.5 
million in advertising expense, partly offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in professional fees.

54

 
 
 
•  General and administrative expense increased $14.6 million, primarily due to increases of $4.9 million in cash profit sharing 
expense, $2.5 million in legal and professional fees, $2.3 million in personnel costs, $1.8 million in computer and information 
technology expense, $1.1 million in stock-based compensation, and $0.5 million in facility rent and maintenance expense, 
as well as a $0.9 million increase in net foreign currency losses, partly offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in bad debt 
reserve.

• 

Income from operations increased $27.9 million, mostly due to increased gross profits, which were partially offset by higher 
general and administrative and selling expenses. 

Europe

•  Net sales increased 3%, mostly due to increased unit sales volumes, partly offset by a decrease in average net sales unit 
prices. Europe's net sales were negatively affected by approximately $3.1 million primarily due to the weakening of the 
British pound against the United States dollar. 

•  Gross profit margin increased to 40% from 38%, primarily as a result of decreases in material costs and factory overhead 

costs, each as a percentage of sales. 

•  Research and development and engineering expense increased $0.2 million in 2016 compared to 2015.

• 

Selling expense increased $1.9 million, primarily due to increases of $1.2 million in personnel costs, mostly related to the 
addition of staff, and $0.2 million in cash profit sharing expense.

•  General and administrative expense increased $3.3 million, primarily due to increases of $1.6 million in legal and professional 
fees related to acquisition activities, $0.6 million in personnel costs, and $0.4 million in contingent compensation related 
to prior acquisitions, partly offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in stock-based compensation and $0.2 million in bad debt 
reserves.

• 

Income from operations decreased $2.9 million, mostly due to increased operating expenses, which were partially offset 
by increased gross profits. 

Asia/Pacific

•  Net sales decreased 21%, primarily due to the effects of the closing of sales offices in China, Thailand and Dubai late in 

the first quarter of 2015, which accounted for an approximately $4.1 million decrease in net sales.

•  Asia/Pacific — Selling expense decreased $0.6 million, primarily due to a decrease of $0.6 million in personnel costs related 

to closing three sales offices and downsizing one sales office in 2015.

•  Asia/Pacific — General and administrative expense decreased $3.0 million, primarily due to decreases of $1.7 million in 
personnel costs, $0.6 million in facility rent and maintenance expense and $0.2 million in legal and professional fees, each 
related to the sales office closures in 2015.

• 

Income from operations increased $5.6 million, mostly due to costs related to closing three sales offices and downsizing 
one sales office in 2015.

Administrative and All Other

•  Administrative and All Other — General and administrative expense increased, primarily due to increases of $1.3 million 

in stock-based compensation and $0.4 million in cash profit sharing expense.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The  critical  accounting  policies  described  below  affect  the  Company’s  more  significant  judgments  and  estimates  used  in  the 
preparation of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. If the Company’s business conditions change or if it uses different 
assumptions or estimates in the application of these and other accounting policies, the Company’s future results of operations 
could be adversely affected.

55

 
 
 
Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (market). Cost includes all costs incurred in bringing each product 
to its present location and condition, as follows:

•  Raw materials and purchased finished goods — principally valued at cost determined on a weighted average basis; 

• 

and
In-process products and finished goods — cost of direct materials and labor plus attributable overhead based on a 
normal level of activity.

The Company applies net realizable value and obsolescence to the gross value of inventory. The Company estimates net realizable 
value based on estimated selling price less further costs to completion and disposal. The Company impairs slow-moving products 
by comparing inventories on hand to projected demand. If on-hand supply of a product exceeds projected demand or if the Company 
believes the product is no longer marketable, the product is considered obsolete inventory. The Company revalues obsolete inventory 
to its net realizable value. The Company has consistently applied this methodology. The Company believes that this approach is 
prudent and makes suitable impairments for slow-moving and obsolete inventory. When impairments are established, a new cost 
basis of the inventory is created. Unexpected change in market demand, building codes or buyer preferences could reduce the rate 
of inventory turnover and require the Company to recognize more obsolete inventory.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete, net of applicable provision for discounts, returns and 
incentives, whether actual or estimated, based on the Company’s experience. This generally occurs when products are shipped to 
the customer in accordance with the sales agreement or purchase order, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer, collectability 
is reasonably assured and pricing is fixed or determinable. The Company’s general shipping terms are F.O.B. shipping point, where 
title is transferred and revenue is recognized when the products are shipped to customers. When the Company sells F.O.B. destination 
point, title is transferred and the Company recognizes revenue on delivery or customer acceptance, depending on terms of the 
sales agreement. Service sales, representing after-market repair and maintenance, engineering activities, software license sales 
and  service  and  lease  income,  though  significantly  less  than  1%  of  net  sales  and  not  material  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements, are recognized as the services are completed or the software products and services are delivered. If actual costs of 
sales returns, incentives and discounts were to significantly exceed the recorded estimated allowance, the Company’s sales would 
be adversely affected.

Business Combinations

The Company recognizes separately from goodwill or any gain from a bargain purchase the assets acquired and the liabilities 
assumed  at  their  acquisition  date  fair  values.  Goodwill  as  of  the  acquisition  date  is  measured  as  the  excess  of  consideration 
transferred and the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. A gain on a bargain 
purchase as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of the net of the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed 
and consideration transferred. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation 
process to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain 
and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the 
Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. On the 
conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever 
comes  first,  the  Company  records  subsequent  adjustments,  if  any,  to  its  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  None  of  the 
subsequent adjustments for the fiscal years ended 2015, 2016 and 2017 were material. 

Accounting  for  business  combinations  requires  the  Company’s  management  to  make  significant  estimates  and  assumptions, 
especially  at  the  acquisition  date  with  respect  to  intangible  assets. Although  the  Company  believes  that  the  assumptions  and 
estimates it has made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information 
obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain.

Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets that the Company has acquired include:

Future expected cash flows from customer relationships and acquired unpatented technologies and patents;

• 
•  The acquired company’s brand and competitive position and assumptions about the period of time the acquired brand 

will continue to be used in the combined company’s product portfolio; and

•  Discount rates.

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unanticipated events and circumstances may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

For a given acquisition, the Company may identify pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend its 
review and evaluation of these pre-acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition 
date) to obtain sufficient information to assess whether the Company includes these contingencies as a part of the purchase price 
allocation and, if so, to determine their estimated amounts.

If the Company determines that a pre-acquisition contingency (that is not income-tax related) is probable and estimable as of the 
acquisition date, the Company records its best estimate for such a contingency as a part of the preliminary purchase price allocation. 
The Company often continues to gather information and evaluate its pre-acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement 
period. If the Company changes the amounts recorded or identifies additional pre-acquisition contingencies during the measurement 
period,  such  amounts  are  included  in  the  purchase  price  allocation  during  the  measurement  period  and,  subsequently,  in  the 
Company’s results of operations.

In addition, the Company estimates uncertain tax positions and income tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection 
with a business combination initially as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items quarterly with any adjustments 
to its preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill if the Company is within the measurement period. The Company continues 
to collect information to determine estimated values. Subsequent to the measurement period or the Company’s final determination 
of the uncertain tax positions estimated value or tax-related valuation allowances, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain 
tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect the Company’s provision for income taxes in its consolidated statement 
of operations and could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.

Goodwill Impairment Testing

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis (in the fourth quarter for the Company). 
The Company also reviews goodwill for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of 
an asset may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal 
factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or disposition or relocation of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

The reporting unit level is generally one level below the operating segment, which is at the country level, except for the United 
States, Australia and S&P Clever reporting units.

The Company determined that the United States reporting unit includes four components: Northwest United States, Southwest 
United States, Northeast United States and Southeast United States (collectively, the “U.S. Components”). The Company aggregates 
the U.S. Components into a single reporting unit because management concluded that they are economically similar and that the 
goodwill is recoverable from the U.S. Components working in concert. The U.S. Components are economically similar because 
of a number of factors, including selling similar products to shared customers and sharing assets and services such as intellectual 
property, manufacturing assets for certain products, research and development projects, manufacturing processes, management of 
inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the U.S. Components level 
and costs are allocated among the four U.S. Components.

The Company determined that the Australia reporting unit includes four components: Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and 
United Arab Emirates (collectively, the “AU Components”). The Company aggregates the AU Components into a single reporting 
unit  because  management  concluded  that  they  are  economically  similar  and  that  the  goodwill  is  recoverable  from  the AU 
Components working in concert. The AU Components are economically similar because of a number of factors, including that 
New Zealand, South Africa and United Arab Emirates operate as extensions of their Australian parent company selling similar 
products and sharing assets and services such as intellectual property, manufacturing assets for certain products, management of 
inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the AU Components level 
and costs are allocated among the AU Components.

The Company determined that the S&P Clever reporting unit includes nine components: S&P Switzerland, S&P Poland, S&P 
Austria, S&P The Netherlands, S&P Portugal, S&P Germany, S&P France, S&P Nordic and S&P Spain (collectively, the "S&P 
Components”). The Company aggregates the S&P Components into a single reporting unit because management concluded that 
they  are  economically  similar  and  that  the  goodwill  is  recoverable  from  the  S&P  Components  working  in  concert. The  S&P 
Components are economically similar because of a number of factors, including sharing assets and services such as intellectual 
property, manufacturing assets for certain products, research and development projects, manufacturing processes, management of 
inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the S&P Components level 
and costs are allocated among the S&P Components.

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For certain reporting units, the Company may first assess qualitative factors related to the goodwill of the reporting unit to determine 
whether it is necessary to perform a two-step impairment test. If the Company judges that it is more likely than not that the fair 
value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, no further testing is required. 
If the Company judges that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount of the 
reporting unit, including goodwill, management will perform a two-step impairment test on goodwill. In the first step of the 
Company's annual goodwill impairment test ("Step 1"), the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying 
value. The fair value calculation uses both the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and the market approach, equally 
weighted. If the Company judges that the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds 
the fair value of the reporting unit, a second step of the impairment test must be performed to determine the implied fair value of 
the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the Company judges that the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair 
value, the Company would record an impairment charge equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the goodwill 
and the carrying value.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived purchased intangible asset is a judgment involving significant 
estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates, operating margins and working capital 
requirements used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, selected multiples, control premiums and 
future economic and market conditions (Level 3 fair value inputs). The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions 
that it believes to be reasonable, but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those 
estimates.

Assumptions about a reporting unit’s operating performance in the first year of the discounted cash flow model used to determine 
whether or not the goodwill related to that reporting unit is impaired are derived from the Company’s budget. The fair value model 
considers such factors as macro-economic conditions, revenue and expense forecasts, product line changes, material, labor and 
overhead costs, tax rates, working capital levels and competitive environment. Future estimates, however derived, are inherently 
uncertain but the Company believes that this is the most appropriate source on which to base its fair value calculations.

The Company uses these parameters only to provide a basis for the determination of whether or not the goodwill related to a 
reporting unit is impaired. No inference whatsoever should be drawn from these parameters about the Company’s future financial 
performance and they should not be taken as projections or guidance of any kind.

The 2017, 2016 and 2015 annual testing of goodwill for impairment did not result in impairment charges. 

The Denmark reporting unit passed Step 1 of the annual 2017 impairment test by a 8.3% margin indicating an estimated fair value 
greater than its net book value and was the only reporting unit with a fair value greater than net book value margin of less than 
10%. The Denmark reporting unit is sensitive to management’s plans for increasing sales and operating margins. The Denmark 
reporting unit’s failure to meet management’s objectives could result in future impairment of some or all of the Denmark reporting 
unit’s goodwill, which was $7.1 million at December 31, 2017. 

Key  assumptions  used  in  Step  1  of  the  Company's  annual goodwill  impairment test  included compound  annual  growth  rates 
(“CAGR”) and average annual pre-tax operating margins during the forecast period, multiple and discount rates. A sensitivity 
assessment for the key assumptions included in the 2017 goodwill impairment test on the Denmark reporting unit is as follows:

•  A 500 basis point hypothetical increase in the discount rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 
decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value, and thus it would not result in the reporting unit 
failing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test;

•  A 210 basis point hypothetical decrease in the multiple rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 
decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value, and thus it would not result in the reporting unit 
failing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test;

•  A 139 basis point hypothetical percentage decrease in the CAGR, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 

decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value and

•  A 37% hypothetical decrease in average annual pre-tax operating profit, holding all other assumptions constant, would 

not have decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value.

Effect of New Accounting Standards

See "Note 1 — Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" and "Note 1 — Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted" 
to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

58

 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Sources of Capital

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents and income from the Company’s operations. The 
Company also receives proceeds from the issuance of its common stock through the exercise of stock options by its employees. 
As of February 28, 2018, all outstanding stock options of the Company were either exercised or expired. As of December 31, 
2017, the Company's cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national 
financial institutions. 

The Company's principal uses of liquidity are paying the costs and expenses associated with the Company's operations, continuing 
its capital allocation strategy, which includes growing its business by internal improvements or acquisitions, repurchasing the 
Company’s  common  stock,  paying  cash  dividends  and  meeting  other  liquidity  requirements.  Depending,  however,  on  the 
Company’s future growth and possible acquisitions, it may become necessary to secure additional sources of financing, which 
may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all. 

The Company currently maintains a $300.0 million revolving line of credit as its primary credit facility, which expires on July 23, 
2021. See "Note 8 — Debt" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company held cash and cash equivalents of $86.5 million in the local currencies of its foreign 
operations and could be subject to additional taxation if repatriated to the United States. The Company has no imminent plans to 
repatriate cash and cash equivalents held outside the United States.

The following table presents selected financial information as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

(in thousands)

At December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Cash and cash equivalents

Property, plant and equipment, net

Equity investment, goodwill and intangible assets
Working capital(1)

$

168,514

$

226,537

$

258,825

273,020

169,015

447,450

232,810

149,843

476,451

213,716

151,625

494,308

(1)Due to the adoption of ASU 2015-17, (see "Note 1 — Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" to the Company's Consolidated Financial 
Statements), $16.2 million of current deferred income taxes included in current assets and working capital, as of January 1, 2016, were reclassified 
to non-current assets and long-term liabilities, resulting in decreases in current assets from $589.3 million to $573.1 million and in working 
capital from $494.3 million to $478.1 million. 

The following table provides cash flow indicators for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

(in thousands)

Net cash provided by (used in):

  Operating activities

  Investing activities

  Financing activities

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

119,065
(75,815)
(106,671)

$

98,965
(48,543)
(83,134)

117,923
(37,828)
(71,608)

Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from the Company's earnings or losses, and are also affected by changes in 
operating assets and liabilities which consist primarily of working capital balances. As a building materials manufacturer, the 
Company's operating cash flows are subject to seasonality and are cyclically associated with the volume and timing of construction 
project starts. For example, trade accounts receivable, net, is generally at its lowest at the end of the fourth quarter and increases 
during the first, second and third quarters. 

In 2017, operating activities provided $119.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, as a result of $92.6 million from net income 
and $48.5 million from non-cash adjustments to net income which includes depreciation and amortization expenses and stock-
based compensation expenses, partly offset by a decrease of $22.0 million in the net change in operating assets and liabilities, 
including net change decreases in cash and cash equivalents due to increases of $17.8 million in trade accounts receivable, net, 

59

 
 
$6.6 million in inventory and $5.6 million in income tax receivable, partly offset by an increase of $10.1 million in accrued 
liabilities. Cash used in investing activities of $75.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, consisted primarily of 
$58.0  million  for  property,  plant  and  equipment  expenditures,  primarily  related  to  real  estate  improvements,  ERP  software, 
machinery and equipment purchases, and software in development, and $27.9 million, net of acquired cash of $4.0 million, for 
the acquisitions of CG Visions and Gbo Fastening Systems, which was partly offset by $9.5 million, net of delivered cash of $0.8 
million,  for  the  sale  of  Gbo  Poland  and  Gbo  Romania  (see  "Note  13  — Acquisitions  and  Dispositions"  to  the  Company's 
Consolidated Financial Statements). Cash used in financing activities of $106.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, 
consisted primarily of $70.0 million for the repurchase of the Company's common stock (see "Note 1 — Stock Repurchase Program" 
to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements) and $37.0 million used to pay cash dividends.

In 2016, operating activities provided $94.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, as a result of $89.7 million from net income and 
$42.1  million  from  non-cash  adjustments  to  net  income  which  includes  depreciation  and  amortization  expenses,  stock-based 
compensation expenses and software development project write-off, partly offset by a decrease of $36.9 million in the net change 
in operating assets and liabilities, including net change decreases in cash and cash equivalents due to increases of $36.6 million 
in inventory and $7.5 million in trade accounts receivable, net, partly offset by a decrease of $5.8 million in trade accounts payable. 
Cash used in investing activities of $48.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, consisted primarily of $42.0 million 
for property, plant and equipment expenditures, related to real estate improvements, primarily related to improvements of the West 
Chicago facility, machinery and equipment purchases, and software in development, $5.4 million, net of acquired cash of $1.5 
million, for the acquisition of MS Decoupe, and $2.5 million for the equity investment in Ruby Sketch. See "Note 13 — Acquisitions 
and Dispositions" and "Note 6 — Equity Investments" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash used in financing 
activities of $79.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, consisted primarily of $53.5 million for the repurchase of 
the Company's common stock, including a $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase program (see "Note 1 — Stock Repurchase 
Program" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements) and $32.7 million used to pay cash dividends, partly offset by 
$8.0 million received from the exercise of stock options.

In 2015, operating activities provided $114.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, as a result of $67.9 million from net income 
and $44.2 million from non-cash adjustments to net income which includes depreciation and amortization expenses, stock-based 
compensation expenses, software development project write-offs, and changes in deferred income taxes, as well as an increase of 
$2.1 million in the net change in operating assets and liabilities, including net change increases in cash and cash equivalents due 
to decreases of $17.2 million in inventory and $6.3 million in current assets, partly offset by an increase of $16.8 million in trade 
accounts receivable, net and $5.1 million in accrued liabilities. Cash used in investing activities of $37.8 million during the year 
ended December 31, 2015, consisted primarily of $34.2 million for property, plant and equipment expenditures, related to the 
purchase  a  manufacturing  site  in  West  Chicago,  software  development  and  machinery  and  equipment,  and  $4.2  million  for 
acquisitions. Cash used in financing activities of $67.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, consisted primarily of 
$47.1 million for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, including a $25.0 million accelerated share repurchase program 
and $29.4 million used to pay cash dividends, partly offset by $9.7 million received from the exercise of stock options.

Capital Allocation Strategy

The Company has a strong cash position and remains committed to seeking growth opportunities in the building products range 
where it can leverage its expertise in engineering, testing, manufacturing and distribution to invest in and grow its business. Those 
opportunities include internal improvements or acquisitions that fit within the Company’s strategic growth plan. Additionally, we 
have financial flexibility and are committed to providing returns to our stockholders. Below are highlights of the Company’s capital 
allocation strategy since the beginning of 2016.

• 

• 

In August 2016, we acquired all the stock of MS Decoupe (a former customer of one of our subsidiaries) for a net cost of 
approximately $5.4 million. Our preliminary measurement of MS Decoupe assets acquired included goodwill and intangible 
assets of $3.1 million. In January 2017, we acquired Gbo Fastening Systems for approximately $10.2 million and CG Visions 
for  approximately  $20.8  million  subject  to  specified  holdback  provisions  and  post-closing  adjustments.  Our  final 
measurement of Gbo Fastening Systems' assets acquired resulted in a $6.3 million gain on a bargain purchase of a business. 
Our final measurement of CG Visions assets acquired included goodwill and intangible assets of $20.4 million. See "Note 
13 — Acquisitions and Dispositions" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2016, we acquired a 25.0% equity interest in Ruby Sketch Pty Ltd. (“Ruby Sketch”) for $2.5 million, for 
which we account for our ownership interest using the equity accounting method. See "Note 6 — Equity Investments" to 
the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

•  Our capital spending in 2016 was $42.0 million and was primarily used for the purchase and build-out of our West Chicago, 
Illinois, chemical facility, manufacturing equipment and software development. Our capital spending in 2017 was $58.0 

60

 
million primarily related to our real estate improvements, ERP software, machinery and equipment purchases, and software 
in development. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we estimate that our full-
year 2018 capital spending will be approximately $30 million to $32 million, mostly for equipment replacement or upgrades, 
information technology upgrades and development of software, assuming all such projects will be completed by the end of 
2018. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we estimate that our full year 2018 
depreciation and amortization expense to be approximately $39 million to $40 million, of which approximately $34 million 
to $35 million is related to depreciation.

In April  2017,  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  raised  the  quarterly  cash  dividend  by  16.7%  to  $0.21  per  share.  On 
January 29, 2018, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.21 per share, estimated to be $9.8 million in total. Such dividend 
is scheduled to be paid on April 26, 2018, to stockholders of record on April 5, 2018.

In February 2016, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common stock 
in 2016. In August 2016, the Board increased and extended the $50.0 million repurchase authorization from February 2016 
by authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $125.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 2017. 
In August 2017, the Board increased its previous $125.0 million share repurchase authorization by $150.0 million to $275.0 
million and extended the authorization from December 2017 to December 2018.

In August 2016, the Company entered into a Supplemental Confirmation with Wells Fargo for a $50.0 million accelerated 
share repurchase program (the “2016 August ASR Program”), which has been completed. In June 2017, the Company 
entered into another Supplemental Confirmation for a $20.0 million accelerated share repurchase program with Wells Fargo 
(the “2017 June ASR Program”), which was completed in 2017. In December 2017, the Company entered into the $50 
million 2017 December ASR Program with Wells Fargo. During February 2018, the Company received 182,171 shares of 
the Company's common stock pursuant to the 2017 December ASR Program, which constituted the final delivery thereunder. 
In total, the Company received 859,671 shares of the Company's common stock under the 2017 December ASR Program 
at an average price of $58.17 per share.

• 

• 

• 

The  following  table  presents  the  Company’s  dividends  paid  and  share  repurchases  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2017, 
December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, in aggregated amounts: 

(in thousands)

Dividends Paid

Open Market Share
Repurchases

Accelerated Share
Repurchases

Total

January 1 - December 31, 2017

January 1 - December 31, 2016

January 1 - December 31, 2015

Total

$

$

36,981

$

32,711

29,352

99,044

$

—

3,502

22,144

25,646

70,000

$

50,000

25,000

145,000

$

106,981

86,213

76,496

269,690

As of December 31, 2017, approximately $151.5 million remained available under the $275.0 million repurchase authorization 
from August 2017, after taking into account final settlement of the 2017 December ASR Program that occurred in early February 
2018.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our known material contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2017:

Contractual Obligation (in thousands)
Long-term debt interest obligations (1)
Operating lease obligations (2)
Capital lease obligations(3)
Purchase obligations (4)

Payments Due by Period

Total
all
periods

Less
than 1
year

1 — 3
years

3 — 5
years

More
than 5
years

$

1,600
25,167

3,749

45,452

$

450
6,923

1,055

42,833

$

900
10,259

2,214

1,358

$

250
5,646

480

1,261

$

—
2,339

—

—

Total

$ 75,968

$ 51,261

$ 14,731

$

7,637

$

2,339

61

 
 
 
 
(1)

Includes interest payments on fixed-term debt, line-of-credit borrowings and annual facility fees on the Company’s primary line-of-credit facility. Interest on 
line-of-credit facilities was estimated based on historical borrowings and repayment patterns. The Company’s primary line-of-credit facility requires the Company 
pay an annual facility fee from 0.15% to 0.30%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio, on the unused portion of the facilities.
(2)

Includes real estate and auto leases and other equipment. 

(3)

Includes obligations under two lease agreements for certain office equipment. The interest rates for these two capital leases are 2.89% and 3.50%, respectively, 

and the two leases will mature in May 2021 and July 2021.
(4)Consists of other purchase commitments related to facility equipment, consulting services, minimum quantities of certain raw materials. The Company currently 
is not a party to any long-term supply contracts with respect to the purchase of raw materials or finished goods. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017.

Contingencies

From time to time, we are subject to various claims, lawsuits, legal proceedings (including litigation, arbitration or regulatory 
actions) and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Periodically, we evaluate the status of each matter and assess 
our potential financial exposure. 

The Company records a provision for a liability when we believe that (a) it is probable that a loss has been incurred, and (b) the 
amount is reasonably estimable. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. The 
outcomes of claims, lawsuits, legal proceedings and other matters brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty, 
some of which are inherently unpredictable and/or beyond our control. Therefore, although management considers the likelihood 
of such an outcome to be remote, if one or more of these matters were resolved against the Company for amounts in excess of 
management’s expectations, they could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position 
and liquidity and the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements could be materially adversely affected.

See “Item 3 — Legal Proceedings” above and “Note 9 — Commitments and Contingencies” to the Company’s Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

Inflation

The Company believes that the effect of inflation on the Company has not been material in the three most recent fiscal years ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as general inflation rates have remained relatively low. The Company’s main 
raw material is steel. Increases in steel prices may adversely affect the Company’s gross profit margin if it cannot recover the 
higher costs through price increases of its products. See “Item 1 — Raw Materials” and “Item 1A — Risk Factors.”

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, to facilitate transactions of services and products, we have agreed to indemnify certain parties 
with respect to certain matters. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the 
amount  of  the  claim.  In  addition,  we  have  entered  into  indemnification  agreements  with  our  officers  and  directors,  and  the 
Company’s bylaws as permitted by the Company’s certificate of incorporation require the Company to indemnify corporate servants, 
including our officers and directors, to the fullest extent permitted by law. The Company maintains directors and officers liability 
insurance  coverage  to  reduce  its  exposure  to  such  obligations.  The  Company  has  not  incurred  significant  obligations  under 
indemnification provisions historically, and does not expect to incur significant obligations in the future. It is not possible to 
determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnities due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and 
the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liability 
for costs related these indemnities through December 31, 2017.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course 
of our business, including changes to foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. 

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company has foreign currency exchange rate risk in its international operations, and through purchases from foreign vendors. 
Changes in the values of currencies of foreign countries affect our financial position, income statement and cash flows when 
translated into United States dollars. The Company does not currently hedge this risk. The Company estimates that if the exchange 
rate were to change by 10% in any one country where the Company has operations, the change in net income would not be material 
to the Company’s operations taken as a whole. 

The  translation  adjustment  on  the  Company's  underlying  assets  and  liabilities  resulted  in  a  decrease  in  accumulated  other 
comprehensive income of $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to the effect of the weakening of 
the United States dollar in relation to most foreign currencies during 2017.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company has no variable interest-rate debt outstanding. The Company estimates that a hypothetical 100 basis point change 
in U.S. interest rates would not be material to the Company’s operations taken as a whole.

63

Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

SIMPSON MANUFACTURING CO., INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated financial statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 2017, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule

Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

65
67
68
69
70
71
72

100

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Simpson Manufacturing Company, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) 
and  subsidiaries  (the  “Company”)  as  of  December  31,  2017  and  2016,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations, 
comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 
31, 2017, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial 
statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and 
the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in 
the  2013  Internal  Control-Integrated  Framework  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway 
Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 28, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for opinion 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are 
required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable 
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error 
or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether 
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015. 
/s/ Grant Thornton LLP 
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2018 

65

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Simpson Manufacturing Company, Inc. (a Delaware 
corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal 
Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). 
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017, and our 
report dated February 28, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s 
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“Management’s Report”). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the 
PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws 
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all 
material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk 
that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the 
assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit 
provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Our audit of, and opinion on, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not include the internal control over 
financial reporting of Gbo Fastening Systems and CG Visions, wholly-owned subsidiaries, whose financial statements reflect 
total assets constituting 2.5 and 1.9 percent, respectively, and revenues constituting 4.3 and 0.6 percent, respectively, of the 
related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017. As indicated in 
Management’s Report, Gbo Fastening Systems and CG Visions were acquired during 2017. Management’s assertion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting excluded internal control over financial reporting of 
Gbo Fastening Systems and CG Visions.

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the 
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP 
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2018 

66

 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except per share data)

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Trade accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Other current assets
Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment, net
Goodwill
Equity investment (see Note 6)
Intangible assets, net
Other noncurrent assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities

Capital lease obligations - current portion
Trade accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Accrued profit sharing trust contributions
Accrued cash profit sharing and commissions
Accrued workers’ compensation

Total current liabilities

Capital lease obligations - net of current portion
 Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized shares, 5,000; issued and outstanding shares,
none
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized shares, 160,000; issued and outstanding shares,
46,745 and 47,437 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Treasury stock
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total stockholders’ equity

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

December 31,

2017

2016

$ 168,514
135,958
252,996
26,473
583,941
273,020
137,140
2,549
29,326
11,547
$1,037,523

$ 226,537
112,423
232,274
14,013
585,247
232,810
124,479
2,500
22,864
12,074
$ 979,974

$

1,055
31,536
84,204
7,054
9,416
3,226
136,491
2,607
13,647
152,745

$

—
27,674
60,477
6,549
10,527
3,569
108,796
—
5,336
114,132

—

—

473
260,157
676,644
(40,000)
(12,496)
884,778
$1,037,523

473
255,917
642,422
—
(32,970)
865,842
$ 979,974

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share data)

Net sales
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development and other engineering
Selling
General and administrative
Net gain on disposal of assets

Income from operations

Loss in equity method investment, before tax
Interest income
Interest expense
Gain on bargain purchase of a business
Loss on disposal of a business

Income before taxes
Provision for income taxes

Net income

Earnings per share of common stock:

Basic
Diluted

Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding

Basic
Diluted

Years Ended December 31,

$

$

2017
977,025
530,761
446,264

$

2016
860,661
448,211
412,450

2015
794,059
435,140
358,919

47,616
114,903
144,738
(160)
307,097

139,167
(86)
389
(1,177)
6,336
(211)

144,418
51,801

92,617

1.95
1.94

47,486
47,774

$

$
$

46,248
98,343
129,162
(780)
272,973

139,477
—
570
(1,147)
—
—

138,900
49,166

89,734

1.87
1.86

48,084
48,295

$

$
$

46,196
90,663
113,428
(389)
249,898

109,021
—
655
(997)
—
—

108,679
40,791

67,888

1.39
1.38

48,952
49,181

$

$
$

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)

Net income
Other comprehensive income:

Year End December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

92,617

$

89,734

$

67,888

Translation adjustment, net of tax expense of $0, ($222) and ($57) for
2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively
Unamortized pension adjustments, net of tax benefit of $37, $88, and
$82 for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively

Comprehensive income

21,418

(3,920)

(20,939)

(944)
113,091

$

$

(474)
85,340

$

(457)
46,492

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 
(In thousands, except per share data)

Common Stock

Shares

Par Value

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Treasury
Stock

Total

Balance at January 1, 2015

48,966

$

489

$

220,982

$649,174

$

Net income

Translation adjustment, net of tax

Pension adjustment, net of tax

Options exercised

Stock-based compensation expense

Tax benefit of options exercised

Repurchase of common stock

Retirement of common stock

Cash dividends declared on common
stock, $0.62 per share

Shares issued from release of
restricted stock units

Common stock issued at $34.32 per
share

Balance at December 31, 2015

Net income

Translation adjustment, net of tax

Pension adjustment, net of tax

Options exercised

Stock-based compensation expense

Tax benefit of options exercised

Repurchase of common stock

Retirement of common stock

Cash dividends declared on common
stock, $0.70 per share

Shares issued from release of
restricted stock units

Common stock issued at $32.45 per
share

—

—

—

331

—

—
(1,339)
—

—

210

16

48,184
—
—
—
270
—
—
(1,244)

—

217

10

Balance at December 31, 2016

47,437

Net income

Translation adjustment, net of tax

Pension adjustment, net of tax

Options exercised

Stock-based compensation expense

Repurchase of common stock

Retirement of common stock

Cash dividends declared on common
stock, $0.81 per share

Shares issued from release of
restricted stock units

Common stock issued at $44.26 per
share

—

—

—

223

—

(1,138)

—

—

214

9

—

—

—

3

—

—
—
(13)

—

2

—

481
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
(13)

—

2

—

473

—

—

—

3

—

—

(5)

—

2

—

—

—

—

9,717

67,888

—

—

—

—

10,997
(318)
—
—
—
— (47,131)

— (30,224)

(3,718)

552

—

—

639,707
238,212
89,734
—
—
—
—
—
—
7,973
—
13,186
—
251
—
—
— (53,489)

— (33,530)

(4,020)

315

—

—

255,917

642,422

—

—

—

6,607

12,565
(10,000)

92,617

—

—

—

—

—
— (19,995)

— (38,400)

(5,343)

411

—

—

Balance at December 31, 2017

46,745

$

473

$

260,157

$676,644

$

70

(7,180) $
—
(20,939)
(457)
—

— $863,465

—
67,888
— (20,939)
(457)
—
9,720

—

—

—

—
—
— (47,144)
47,144
—

10,997
(318)
(47,144)
—

—

—

— (30,224)

—

(3,716)

—

552

—
(28,576)
— 849,824
89,734
—
—
(3,920)
(3,920)
—
(474)
(474)
—
7,976
—
—
13,186
—
—
251
—
—
(53,502)
— (53,502)
—
53,502

—

—

—
(32,970)
—

21,418
(944)
—

— (33,530)

—

—

(4,018)

315

— 865,842

—

—

—

92,617

21,418
(944)
6,610

12,565
(70,000)
—

—
—
— (60,000)
20,000
—

—

—

— (38,400)

—

(5,341)

—

411
(12,496) $ (40,000) $884,778

—

 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Gain on sale of assets
Depreciation and amortization
Write-off of software development project
Loss in equity method investment, before tax
Gain (adjustment) on bargain purchase of a business
Loss on disposal of a business
Gain on contingent consideration adjustment
Deferred income taxes
Noncash compensation related to stock plans
Excess tax benefit of options exercised and restricted stock units vested
Recovery (provision) of doubtful accounts
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:

Trade accounts receivable
Inventories
Other current assets
Other noncurrent assets
Trade accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Accrued profit sharing trust contributions
Accrued cash profit sharing and commissions
Long-term liabilities
Accrued workers’ compensation
Income taxes payable

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Capital expenditures
Assets acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Equity investments
Loan repayment by customer
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of a business

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Repayment of long-term borrowings and capital leases
Repayment of debt and line of credit borrowings
Deferred and contingent consideration paid for asset acquisitions
Debt issuance costs
Repurchase of common stock
Issuance of Company’s common stock
Excess tax benefit of options exercised and restricted stock units vested
Dividends paid
Cash paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld
Net cash used in financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

Cash paid during the year for

Interest
Income taxes

Noncash activity during the year for
Noncash capital expenditures
Capital lease obligations
Contingent consideration for acquisition
Issuance of Company's common stock for compensation
Dividends declared but not paid

Years Ended December 31,
2016

2015

2017

$

92,617

$

89,734

$

67,888

(160)
33,724
676
86
(6,336)
211
—
6,299
13,908
—
66

(17,822)
(6,580)
(2,016)
513
1,157
10,130
498
(1,246)
(718)
(343)
(5,599)
119,065

(58,041)
(27,921)
—
—
681
9,466
(75,815)

(354)
(400)
(205)
—
(70,000)
6,610
—
(36,981)
(5,341)
(106,671)
5,398
(58,023)
226,537
168,514

121
50,832

1,533
3,750
1,314
411
9,954

$

$

$

(780)
27,927
2,212
—
—
—
—
(869)
13,946
(273)
(83)

(7,548)
(36,617)
(2,180)
336
5,785
4,290
757
2,064
242
(1,024)
1,046
98,965

(42,002)
(5,361)
(2,500)
—
1,320
—
(48,543)

—
—
(27)
(1,125)
(53,502)
7,976
273
(32,711)
(4,018)
(83,134)
424
(32,288)
258,825
226,537

284
49,425

2,318
—
—
315
8,535

$

$

$

$

$

$

(389)
26,821
3,140
—
—
—
(245)
2,537
11,958
(78)
440

(16,818)
17,208
6,274
(1,301)
(1,035)
(1,432)
417
2,530
(2,930)
492
2,446
117,923

(34,186)
(4,179)
—
244
293
—
(37,828)

(17)
—
(1,177)
—
(47,144)
9,720
78
(29,352)
(3,716)
(71,608)
(9,969)
(1,482)
260,307
258,825

249
34,008

1,214
—
—
552
7,716  

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. 

   Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Simpson  Manufacturing  Co., Inc.,  through  Simpson  Strong-Tie  Company  Inc.  and  its  other  subsidiaries  (collectively,  the 
“Company”), focuses on designing, manufacturing, and marketing systems and products to make buildings and structures safe 
and secure. The Company designs, engineers and is a leading manufacturer of wood construction products, including connectors, 
truss  plates,  fastening  systems,  fasteners  and  shearwalls,  and  concrete  construction  products,  including  adhesives,  specialty 
chemicals, mechanical anchors, powder actuated tools and fiber reinforcing materials. The Company markets its products to the 
residential construction, industrial, commercial and infrastructure construction, remodeling and do-it-yourself markets.

The Company operates exclusively in the building products industry. The Company’s products are sold primarily in the United 
States, Canada, Europe and Pacific Rim. The Company closed its sales office in Asia in 2015 and its revenues have some geographic 
market concentration in the United States. A portion of the Company’s business is therefore dependent on economic activity within 
the North America segment. The Company is dependent on the availability of steel, its primary raw material.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries. 
Investments in 50% or less owned entities are accounted for using either cost or the equity method. The Company consolidates 
all variable interest entities ("VIEs") where it is the primary beneficiary. There were no VIEs as of December 31, 2017 or 2016. 
All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America, as amended from time to time ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect 
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated 
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company's actual results 
could differ from those estimates. 

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete, net of applicable provision for discounts, returns and 
incentives, whether actual or estimated based on the Company’s experience. This generally occurs when products are shipped to 
the customer in accordance with the sales agreement or purchase order, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer, collectability 
is reasonably assured and pricing is fixed or determinable. The Company’s general shipping terms are F.O.B. shipping point, where 
title is transferred and revenue is recognized when the products are shipped to customers. When the Company sells F.O.B. destination 
point, title is transferred and the Company recognizes revenue on delivery or customer acceptance, depending on terms of the 
sales agreement. Service sales, representing after-market repair and maintenance, engineering activities, software license sales 
and  service  and  lease  income,  though  significantly  less  than  1%  of  net  sales  and  not  material  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements, are recognized as the services are completed or the software products and services are delivered. If actual costs of 
sales returns, incentives and discounts were to significantly exceed the recorded estimated allowances, the Company’s sales would 
be adversely affected.

Sales Incentive and Advertising Allowances

The Company records estimated reductions to revenues for sales incentives, primarily rebates for volume discounts, and allowances 
for co-operative advertising.

Allowances for Sales Discounts

The Company records estimated reductions to revenues for discounts taken on early payment of invoices by its customers.

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time 
of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company assesses the collectability of specific customer accounts that would be considered doubtful based on the customer’s 
financial condition, payment history, credit rating and other factors that the Company considers relevant, or accounts that the 
Company assigns for collection. The Company reserves for the portion of those outstanding balances that the Company believes 
it is not likely to collect based on historical collection experience. The Company also reserves 100% of the amounts that it deems 
uncollectable due to a customer’s deteriorating financial condition or bankruptcy. If the financial condition of the Company’s 
customers were to deteriorate, resulting in probable inability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes all costs incurred in bringing each product to its 
present location and condition, as follows:

•  Raw materials and purchased finished goods for resale — principally valued at cost determined on a weighted average 

• 

basis; and
In-process products and finished goods — cost of direct materials and labor plus attributable overhead based on a 
normal level of activity.

The Company applies net realizable value and obsolescence to the gross value of the inventory. The Company estimates net 
realizable value based on estimated selling price less further costs to completion and disposal. The Company impairs slow-moving 
products by comparing inventories on hand to projected demand. If on-hand supply of a product exceeds projected demand or if 
the Company believes the product is no longer marketable, the product is considered obsolete inventory. The Company revalues 
obsolete inventory to its net realizable value. The Company has consistently applied this methodology. The Company believes 
that this approach is prudent and makes suitable impairments for slow-moving and obsolete inventory. When impairments are 
established, a new cost basis of the inventory is created. Unexpected change in market demand, building codes or buyer preferences 
could reduce the rate of inventory turnover and require the Company to recognize more obsolete inventory.

Warranties and recalls

The Company provides product warranties for specific product lines and records estimated recall expenses in the period in which 
the recall occurs, none of which has been material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In a limited number of circumstances, 
the Company may also agree to indemnify customers against legal claims made against those customers by the end users of the 
Company’s products. Historically, payments made by the Company, if any, under such agreements have not had a material effect 
on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position

Fair Value of Financial Instruments 

The  “Fair  Value  Measurements  and  Disclosures”  topic  of  the  Financial Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”) Accounting 
Standards Codification™ (“ASC”) establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs used to measure fair value. This 
hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets 
for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that 
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term 
of the financial instrument; Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets 
and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset’s or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest 
level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s investments consisted of only money market funds, which are the Company’s 
primary financial instruments, maintained in cash equivalents and carried at cost, approximating fair value, based on Level 1 
inputs. The balance of the Company’s primary financial instruments was as follows:

(in thousands)

Money market funds

At December 31,

2017

2016

$

5,293 $

2,832

The carrying amounts of trade accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the 
short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration related to acquisitions is classified 
as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as it is based on unobserved inputs such as management estimates and entity-specific 
assumptions and is evaluated on an ongoing basis. As of December 31, 2017, the estimated fair value of the Company's contingent 
consideration was approximately a total of $1.3 million, which was mostly based on the use of the Monte Carlo method of valuation.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are 
expensed on a current basis. When assets are sold or retired, their costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the 
accounts, and the resulting gains or losses are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other” topic of the FASB ASC provides guidance on capitalization of the costs incurred for 
computer software developed or obtained for internal use. The Company capitalizes qualified external costs and internal costs 
related to the purchase and implementation of software projects used for business operations and engineering design activities. 
Capitalized software costs primarily include purchased software, internal costs and external consulting fees. Capitalized software 
projects are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation of software, machinery and equipment is provided using accelerated methods over the following estimated useful 
lives: 

Software
Machinery and equipment

3 to 5 years
3 to 10 years

Buildings and site improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range 
from 15 to 45 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the expected life 
or the remaining term of the lease. Amortization of purchased intangible assets with finite useful lives is computed using the 
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Cost of Sales

The types of costs included in cost of sales include material, labor, factory and tooling overhead, shipping, and freight costs. Major 
components of these expenses are material costs, such as steel, packaging and cartons, personnel costs, and facility costs, such as 
rent, depreciation and utilities, related to the production and distribution of the Company’s products. Inbound freight charges, 
purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, internal transfer costs, and other costs of the Company’s 
distribution network are also included in cost of sales.

Tool and Die Costs

Tool and die costs are included in product costs in the year incurred.

Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

The Company’s general shipping terms are F.O.B. shipping point. Shipping and handling fees and costs are included in revenues 
and product costs, as appropriate, in the year incurred.

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product and Software Research and Development Costs

Product research and development costs, which are included in operating expenses and are charged against income as incurred, 
were $10.6 million, $10.8 million and $12.0 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The types of costs included as product 
research and development expenses was revised in 2017 and prior years to include all related personnel costs including salary, 
benefits, retirement, stock-based compensation costs, as well as computer and software costs, professional fees, supplies, tools 
and maintenance costs. In 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred software development expenses related to its expansion 
into the plated truss market and some of the software development costs were capitalized. See "Note 5 — Property, Plant and 
Equipment." The Company amortizes acquired patents over their remaining lives and performs periodic reviews for impairment. 
The cost of internally developed patents is expensed as incurred.

Selling Costs

Selling costs include expenses associated with selling, merchandising and marketing the Company’s products. Major components 
of these expenses are personnel, sales commissions, facility costs such as rent, depreciation and utilities, professional services, 
information technology costs, sales promotion, advertising, literature and trade shows.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are included in selling expenses, are expensed when the advertising occurs, and were $9.6 million, $7.1 million
and $6.4 million in 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

General and Administrative Costs

General and administrative costs include personnel, information technology related costs, facility costs such as rent, depreciation 
and utilities, professional services, amortization of intangibles and bad debt charges.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are calculated using an asset and liability approach. The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign 
taxes currently payable and deferred taxes, due to temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets 
and liabilities. In addition, future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not.
This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences of the deferred income tax items and immediately recognizes 
changes in income tax laws in the year of enactment. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law 
the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”). Further information on the tax impacts of the Tax Reform Act is 
included in Note 10 — Income Taxes of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Sales Taxes

The Company presents taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis in the accompanying Consolidated 
Statements of Operations.

Foreign Currency Translation

The local currency is the functional currency of most of the Company’s operations in Europe, Canada, Asia, Australia, New Zealand 
and South Africa. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate on the balance 
sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The translation adjustment 
resulting from this process is shown separately as a component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains or 
losses are included in general and administrative expenses.

Common Stock

Subject to the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future, holders of common stock are entitled to 
receive such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") out of 
legally available funds, and in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, to share ratably in all assets 
available for distribution. The holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights. Subject to the rights of any 
preferred stock that may be issued in the future, the holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on any matter 
submitted to a vote of the stockholders. A director in an uncontested election is elected if the votes cast “for” such director’s 
election exceed the votes cast “against” such director’s election, except that, if a stockholder properly nominates a candidate for 
75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
election to the Board, the candidates with the highest number of affirmative votes (up to the number of directors to be elected) are 
elected. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock.

Preferred Stock

The Board has the authority to issue the authorized and unissued preferred stock in one or more series with such designations, 
rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Board. Accordingly, the Board is empowered, without 
stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, redemption, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could 
adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the Company’s common stock.

Stock Repurchase Program

At its meeting in August 2016, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $125 million of its common stock. This 
authorization increased and extended the $50.0 million repurchase authorization from February 2016. For the fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2016, the Company purchased a total of 1,244,003 shares of its common stock at an average price of $43.01, which 
included 1,137,656 shares purchased pursuant to the $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase program ("2016 ASR Program") 
that the Company entered into with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo") in August 2016. As of December 31, 
2016, the 2016 ASR Program was completed at an average share price of $43.95 per share. All shares repurchased during 2016 
were retired. 

At its meeting in August 2017, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $275.0 million of the its common stock. 
This authorization increased and extended the $125.0 million repurchase authorization from August 2016 and will remain in effect 
through December 31, 2018. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Company purchased a total of 1,138,387 shares 
of its common stock for a total of $60.0 million through accelerated share repurchase programs that the Company entered into 
with Wells Fargo, which included 460,887 shares purchased at an average share price of $43.39 per share pursuant to a $20.0 
million accelerated share repurchase program initiated in June 2017 (the "2017 June ASR Program"), and 677,500 shares received 
at an average share price of $59.04 per share, or $40.0 million, pursuant to a $50.0 million accelerated share repurchase program 
initiated in December 2017 (the "2017 December ASR Program"). The final delivery under the 2017 December ASR Program 
was made in February 2018. See Note 15 - "Subsequent Events." As of December 31, 2017, 460,887 shares were retired, 677,500
shares were held as treasury shares and approximately $151.5 million remained available for share repurchases through December 
31, 2018 under the Board current authorization. 

See the "Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015."

Net Income per Share 

Basic net income per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Potentially 
dilutive shares, using the treasury stock method, are included in the diluted per-share calculations for all periods when the effect 
of their inclusion is dilutive.

The following shows a reconciliation of basic earnings per share (“EPS”) to diluted EPS:

 (in thousands, except per-share amounts)
Net income available to common stockholders

Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
Net earnings per share:

Basic
Diluted

Fiscal Year Ended December 31,

2017
92,617

$

2016

$

89,734

2015
$ 67,888

47,486
288
47,774

48,084
211
48,295

48,952
229
49,181

$
$

1.95
1.94

$
$

1.87
1.86

$
$

1.39
1.38

For the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, no potential common shares with anti-dilutive effect were included in 
the calculation of diluted net income per share.

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive Income or Loss

Comprehensive income is defined as net income plus other comprehensive income or loss. Other comprehensive income or loss 
consists of changes in cumulative translation adjustments and changes in unamortized pension adjustments recorded directly in 
accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. The following shows the components of accumulated other 
comprehensive income or loss as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

(in thousands)

Balance at January 1, 2015

Other comprehensive income before reclassification net of tax benefit (expense) of
($57) and $82, respectively

Amounts reclassified from accumulative other comprehensive income, net of $0 tax
Balance at December 31, 2015
Other comprehensive loss net of tax benefit (expense) of ($222) and $87, respectively

Balance at December 31, 2016
Other comprehensive loss net of tax benefit (expense) of $0 and $36, respectively
Amounts reclassified from accumulative other comprehensive income, net of $0 tax
Balance at December 31, 2017

Foreign
Currency
Translation

Pension
Benefit

Total

$

(6,613) $

(567) $

(7,180)

(20,708)
(231)
(27,552)
(3,920)
(31,472)
21,273
145

(457)

(1,024)
(474)
(1,498)
(944)
—

$

(10,054) $ (2,442) $

(21,165)
(231)
(28,576)
(4,394)
(32,970)
20,329
145
(12,496)

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash in banks, short-term 
investments in money market funds and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash in demand deposit and money 
market accounts held primarily at 17 banks.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based expenses related to stock options and restricted stock awards on a straight-line basis, net 
of forfeitures, over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of four years. Stock-based 
expenses related to performance share grants are measured based on grant date fair value and expensed on a straight-line basis 
over the service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting term of three years. The assumptions used to calculate the 
fair value of options or restricted stock units are evaluated and revised, as necessary, to reflect market conditions and the Company’s 
experience. 

Goodwill Impairment Testing

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis (in the fourth quarter for the Company). 
The Company also reviews goodwill for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of 
an asset may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal 
factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or disposition or relocation of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

The reporting unit level is generally one level below the operating segment and is at the country level except for the United States, 
Denmark, Australia, and S&P Clever reporting units.

The Company has determined that the United States reporting unit includes four components: Northwest United States, Southwest 
United States, Northeast United States and Southeast United States (collectively, the “U.S. Components”). The Company aggregates 
the U.S. Components into a single reporting unit because management concluded that they are economically similar and that the 
goodwill is recoverable from the U.S. Components working in concert. The U.S. Components are economically similar because 
of a number of factors, including, selling similar products to shared customers and sharing assets and services such as intellectual 
property, manufacturing assets for certain products, research and development projects, manufacturing processes, management 
of inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the U.S. Components 
level and costs are allocated among the four U.S. Components.

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company determined that the Australia reporting unit includes four components: Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and 
United Arab Emirates (collectively, the “AU Components”). The Company aggregates the AU Components into a single reporting 
unit  because  management  concluded  that  they  are  economically  similar  and  that  the  goodwill  is  recoverable  from  the AU 
Components working in concert. The AU Components are economically similar because of a number of factors, including that 
New Zealand, South Africa and United Arab Emirates operate as extensions of their Australian parent company selling similar 
products and sharing assets and services such as intellectual property, manufacturing assets for certain products, management of 
inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the AU Components level 
and costs are allocated among the AU Components.

The Company has determined that the S&P Clever reporting unit includes nine components: S&P Switzerland, S&P Poland, S&P 
Austria, S&P The Netherlands, S&P Portugal, S&P Germany, S&P France, S&P Nordic, and S&P Spain (collectively, the "S&P 
Components”). The Company aggregates the S&P Components into a single reporting unit because management concluded that 
they are economically similar and that the goodwill is recoverable from the S&P Components working in concert. The S&P 
Components are economically similar because of a number of factors, including sharing assets and services such as intellectual 
property, manufacturing assets for certain products, research and development projects, manufacturing processes, management 
of inventory excesses and shortages and administrative services. These activities are managed centrally at the S&P Components 
level and costs are allocated among the S&P Components.

For certain reporting units, the Company may first assess qualitative factors related to the goodwill of the reporting unit to determine 
whether it is necessary to perform a two-step impairment test. If the Company judges that it is more likely than not that the fair 
value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, no further testing is required. 
If the Company judges that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount of 
the reporting unit, including goodwill, management will perform a two-step impairment test on goodwill. In the first step ("Step 
1"), the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value calculation uses the income 
approach (discounted cash flow method) and the market approach, equally weighted. If the Company judges that the carrying 
value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit, including goodwill, exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, a second step 
of the impairment test must be performed to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the Company 
judges that the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the Company would record an impairment 
charge equal to the difference between the implied fair value of the goodwill and the carrying value.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived purchased intangible asset is a judgment involving significant 
estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates, operating margins and working capital 
requirements used to calculate projected future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, selected multiples, control premiums and 
future economic and market conditions (Level 3 fair value inputs). The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions 
that it believes to be reasonable, but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those 
estimates.

Assumptions about a reporting unit’s operating performance in the first year of the discounted cash flow model used to determine 
whether or not the goodwill related to that reporting unit is impaired are derived from the Company’s budget. The fair value model 
considers such factors as macro-economic conditions, revenue and expense forecasts, product line changes, material, labor and 
overhead costs, tax rates, working capital levels and competitive environment. Future estimates, however derived, are inherently 
uncertain but the Company believes that this is the most appropriate source on which to base its fair value calculation.

The Company uses these parameters only to provide a basis for the determination of whether or not the goodwill related to a 
reporting unit is impaired. No inference whatsoever should be drawn from these parameters about the Company’s future financial 
performance and they should not be taken as projections or guidance of any kind.

The 2017, 2016 and 2015 annual testing of goodwill for impairment did not result in impairment charges. 

The Denmark reporting unit passed Step 1 of the annual 2017 impairment test by a 8.3% margin indicating an estimated fair value 
greater than its net book value and was the only reporting unit with a fair value greater than net book value margin of less than 
10%. The Denmark reporting unit is sensitive to management’s plans for increasing sales and operating margins. The Denmark 
reporting unit’s failure to meet management’s objectives could result in future impairment of some or all of the Denmark reporting 
unit’s goodwill, which was $7.1 million at December 31, 2017. 

Key assumptions used in Step 1 of the Company's annual goodwill impairment test included compound annual growth rates 
(“CAGR”) and average annual pre-tax operating margins during the forecast period, multiple and discount rates. A sensitivity 
assessment for the key assumptions included in the 2017 goodwill impairment test on the Denmark reporting unit is as follows:

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
•  A 500 basis point hypothetical increase in the discount rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 
decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value, and thus it would not result in the reporting unit 
failing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test;

•  A 210 basis point hypothetical decrease in the multiple rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 
decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value, and thus it would not result in the reporting unit 
failing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test;

•  A 139 basis point hypothetical percentage decrease in the CAGR, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have 

decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value and

•  A 37% hypothetical decrease in average annual pre-tax operating profit, holding all other assumptions constant, would 

not have decreased the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value.

The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair 
values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying identifiable net assets 
of acquired businesses. The annual changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, 
were as follows, respectively:

(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2016:
Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses

Goodwill acquired
Foreign exchange
Reclassifications (1)
Balance as of December 31, 2016:
Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses

Goodwill acquired
Foreign exchange
Reclassifications(2)
Balance as of December 31, 2017:
Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses

North
America

Europe

Asia
Pacific

Total

$

$

96,500
(10,666)
85,834
—
93
(439)

96,154
(10,666)
85,488
10,066
198
3

$

50,135
(13,415)
36,720
1,848
(952)
—

51,031
(13,415)
37,616
—
2,472
(192)

$

1,396
—
1,396
—
(21)
—

1,375
—
1,375
—
114
—

148,031
(24,081)
123,950
1,848
(880)
(439)

0

148,560
(24,081)
124,479
10,066
2,784
(189)

0

161,221
(24,081)
137,140
$
 (1) Reclassifications in 2016 of $0.2 million in patents, $0.1 million in non-compete agreements, $46 thousand in customer relationships and other assets, with
     a corresponding $0.4 million decrease in goodwill related to the EBTY acquisition.
(2) Reclassifications in 2017 were $3 thousand and $192 thousand in other assets, with a corresponding $189 thousand decrease in goodwill related to CG
    Visions and MS Decoupe acquisitions.

106,421
(10,666)
95,755

53,311
(13,415)
39,896

1,489
—
1,489

$

$

$

Amortizable Intangible Assets

Intangible assets from acquired businesses are recognized at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition and consist of 
patents, unpatented technology, non-compete agreements, trademarks, customer relationships and other intangible assets. Finite-
lived intangibles are amortized to expense over the applicable useful lives, ranging from three to 21 years, based on the nature of 
the  asset  and  the  underlying  pattern  of  economic  benefit  as  reflected  by  future  net  cash  inflows. The  Company  performs  an 
impairment test of finite-lived intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may be 
impaired.

The total gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2017, 
were $54.5 and $25.2 million, respectively. The aggregate amount of amortization expense of intangible assets for the years ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $6.2 million, $6.0 million and $6.1 million, respectively.

79

 
The  annual  changes  in  the  carrying  amounts  of  patents,  unpatented  technologies,  customer  relationships  and  non-compete 
agreements and other intangible assets subject to amortization as of December 31, 2016, and 2017 were as follows, respectively:

(in thousands)
Patents
Balance at January 1, 2016
Amortization
Reclassification(1)
Foreign exchange
Balance at December 31, 2016
Acquisition
Amortization
Foreign exchange
Removal of fully amortized assets
Balance at December 31, 2017

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

$

$

1,513
—
212
(7)
1,718
800
—
2
(170)
2,350

$

$

(379) $
(149)
—
—
(528)
—
(187)
—
170
(545) $

1,134
(149)
212
(7)
1,190
800
(187)
2
—
1,805

 (1) Reclassifications in 2016 of $0.2 million in patents, $0.1 million in non-compete agreements, $46 thousand in customer relationships and other assets, with
     a corresponding $0.4 million decrease in goodwill related to the EBTY acquisition

(in thousands)
Unpatented Technology
Balance at January 1, 2016
Amortization
Reclassifications (1)

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

$

$

21,604
—

(8,656) $
(2,058)

12,948
(2,058)

1,512
(243)
Foreign exchange
—
Removal of fully amortized assets
12,159
Balance at December 31, 2016
(1,976)
Amortization
505
Foreign exchange
10,688
Balance at December 31, 2017
 (1) Reclassifications in 2016 of $1.5 million in unpatented technology for completed indefinite-lived in-process research and development ("IPR&D"), with a 
corresponding reduction in IPR&D intangibles.

—
—
1,711
(9,003)
(1,976)
—
(10,979) $

1,512
(243)
(1,711)
21,162
—
505
21,667

$
$

$

(in thousands)

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Net
Carrying
Amount

$

Accumulated
Amortization

Non-Compete Agreements,
Trademarks and Other
3,375
Balance at January 1, 2016
1,212
Acquisition
(2,040)
Amortization
(39)
Foreign exchange
Reclassifications(1)
119
—
Removal of fully amortized assets
2,627
Balance at December 31, 2016
9,260
Acquisition
(2,495)
Amortization
16
Foreign exchange
—
Removal of fully amortized asset
Balance at December 31, 2017
9,408
(1) Reclassifications in 2016 of $0.2 million in patents, $0.1 million in non-compete agreements, $46 thousand in customer relationships and other assets, with a 
corresponding $0.4 million decrease in goodwill related to the EBTY acquisition.

(7,203)
—
(2,040)
—
—
5,143
(4,100)
—
(2,495)
—
3,778
(2,817) $

10,578
1,212
—
(39)
119
(5,143)
6,727
9,260
—
16
(3,778)
12,225

$

$

80

(in thousands)
Customer Relationships
Balance at January 1, 2016
Acquisition
Amortization
Reclassifications(1)
Foreign exchange
Balance at December 31, 2016
Acquisition
Amortization
Reclassifications (2) 
Foreign exchange
Removal of fully amortized assets
Balance at December 31, 2017

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

$

$

21,242
—
—
46
(71)
21,217
1,091
—
626
394
(5,650)
17,678

$

(13,152)
—
(1,793)
—
—
(14,945)
—
(1,574)
—
—
5,650
(10,869) $

8,090
—
(1,793)
46
(71)
6,272
1,091
(1,574)
626
394
—
6,809

    (1) Reclassifications in 2016 of $0.2 million to patents, $0.1 million in non-compete agreements, $46 thousand in customer relationships and other assets, 
with a corresponding $0.4 million decrease in goodwill related to the EBTY acquisition.
    (2) Reclassifications in 2017 of $0.6 million in customer relationships with a corresponding $0.6 million decrease in other assets related to the MS Decoupe 
acquisition.

At December 31, 2017, estimated future amortization of intangible assets was as follows:

(in thousands) 

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter

$

$

5,352
5,260
5,230
4,751
2,859
5,258
28,710

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

As of December 31, 2017, the only indefinite-lived intangible asset, consisting of a trade name, totaled $0.6 million.

Amortizable and indefinite-lived assets, net, by segment, as of December 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively, were as follows: 

(in thousands)
Total Intangible Assets
North America
Europe
Total

(in thousands)
Total Intangible Assets
North America
Europe
Total

December 31, 2016

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

23,562
27,880
51,442

$

$

(13,811) $
(14,767)
(28,578) $

9,751
13,113
22,864

At December 31, 2017

Gross
Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net
Carrying
Amount

30,775
23,762
54,537

$

$

(13,732) $
(11,479)
(25,211) $

17,043
12,283
29,326

$

$

$

$

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards 

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718),
Improvements  to  Employee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting  ("ASU  2016-09"),  which  amends  existing  guidance  related  to 
accounting for employee share-based payments affecting the income tax consequences of awards, classification of awards as equity 
or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within 
those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted 
ASU 2016-09.

This new guidance requires all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the 
income statement and classified as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. The Company prospectively adopted this 
guidance with the tax impact of a $1.1 million tax benefit recognized in the consolidated income statements and classified it as 
an operating activity in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The guidance also requires a policy election either to estimate 
the number of awards that are expected to vest or to account for forfeitures whenever they occur. The Company did not change 
its policy for calculating accrual compensation costs by estimating the number of awards that are expected to vest. Therefore, 
when the Company adopted this guidance, there was no recognized cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. In addition, 
this guidance requires cash paid by an employer, when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes, to be classified 
in the statement of cash flows as a financing activity, which differs from the Company's previous method of classification of such 
cash payments as an operating activity. Accordingly, the Company applied this provision retrospectively for the twelve months 
ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and reclassified $1.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively, from operating activities to 
financing activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-07, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of 
Accounting ("ASU 2016-07"), which eliminates the requirement to apply the equity method of accounting retrospectively when 
a reporting entity obtains significant influence over a previously held investment. The amendments in ASU 2016-07 are effective 
for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein, with early adoption 
permitted. The new standard should be applied prospectively for investments that qualify for the equity method of accounting 
after the effective date. On January 1, 2017, the Company prospectively adopted ASU 2016-07. Adoption of ASU 2016-07 has 
had no material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Updated No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying 
the Definition of a Business ("ASU 2017-01"), which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when 
a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The new guidance clarifies that a business must also include at least one 
substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs by more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in ASC 606, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. On January 1, 2017, the Company prospectively adopted ASU 
2017-01. Adoption of ASU 2017-01 has had no material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements and footnote 
disclosures.

In  November  2015,  the  FASB  issued Accounting  Standards  Update  No.  2015-17,  Income Taxes  (Topic  740),  Balance  Sheet 
Classification of Deferred Taxes ("ASU 2015-17"). The objective is to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes; the 
amendments require that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in a classified consolidated balance sheets.
ASU 2015-17 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal
years. The Company adopted prospectively ASU 2015-17 in the first quarter of 2016, resulted in the Company offsetting all of its 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities, as of January 1, 2016, by taxing jurisdictions and classifying those balances as noncurrent. 
The result was a $4.1 million increase in "Other noncurrent assets," from $6.7 million to $10.8 million, and a $12.1 million decrease 
in "Deferred income tax and other long-term liabilities," from $16.5 million to $4.4 million. 

All other issued and effective accounting standards during 2017 were determined to be not relevant or material to the Company.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (later codified as ASC 606), Revenue from Contracts 
with Customers (“ASC 606”), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. ASC 606 provides 
a five-step model for revenue recognition to be applied to all revenue contracts with customers. The five-step model includes: (1) 
determination  of  whether  a  contract,  an  agreement  between  two  or  more  parties  that  creates  legally  enforceable  rights  and 
obligations, exists; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) 
allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when (or as) the 

82

 
performance obligations are satisfied. The core principle of ASC 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of 
goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. ASC 606 also requires 
additional disclosures about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including 
significant judgments and changes in judgments. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 
15, 2017 and permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), 
or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified 
retrospective method). The Company will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective 
approach.

We completed our review of customer contracts and do not expect the adoption of this standard will materially impact the amount 
or timing of revenue recognized.  The guidance requires the Company to estimate and record variable consideration resulting from 
rebates and other pricing allowances at contract inception.  Net sales will not be materially impacted as a result of adoption as the 
Company  currently  records  estimated  rebates  and  allowances  as  reductions  to  revenue.   Under  current  revenue  recognition 
guidance, revenue from the sale of our finished goods is recognized at the point in time when all revenue recognition criteria are 
met, which typically occurs when products are shipped from our facilities with the Company’s general shipping terms. Based on 
the nature of our contracts, we expect to continue to recognize revenue from the sale of our finished goods upon shipment, which 
is the point in time when control is transferred to the customer.  Accordingly, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have 
a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company is identifying and preparing to implement 
changes to our accounting policies and practices, business processes, systems and controls to support the enhanced disclosure 
requirements of ASC 606.

In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Intra-Entity Transfers 
of Assets Other Than Inventory ("ASU 2016-16"), which requires companies to account for the income tax effects of intercompany 
sales and transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current guidance requires companies to defer the income 
tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets until the asset has been sold to an outside party or otherwise recognized. The 
amendment is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after 
December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Based on current information 
and subject to future events and circumstances, the Company does not know whether ASU 2016-16 will have a material impact 
on its financial statements upon adoption.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): 
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"), which eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair 
value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge or Step 2 of the goodwill impairment analysis. Instead, an impairment 
charge will be recorded based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value using Step 1 of the goodwill 
impairment analysis. The standard is required to be adopted for annual and interim impairment tests performed after December 
15, 2019. The amendment is to be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted for annual and interim goodwill impairment 
testing dates after January 1, 2017. Based on current information and subject to future events and circumstances, the Company 
does not know whether ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on its financial statements upon adoption.

In  February  2018,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (FASB)  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (ASU) 
2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2018-02). ASU 2018-02 
allows a reclassification from Accumulated other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings for stranded tax effects resulting 
from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 
2018 and for interim periods therein. Early adoption of ASU 2018-02 is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of 
adopting this new accounting guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

2. 

 Stock-Based Compensation

The Company currently maintains an equity incentive plan, the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 
Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan amended and restated in their entirety, and incorporated and superseded, both the 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan (the “1994 Plan”), which was principally for the Company’s employees, 
and the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 1995 Independent Director Stock Option Plan (the “1995 Plan”), which was for the 
Company's independent directors. Awards previously granted under the 1994 Plan or the 1995 Plan will not be affected by the 
adoption of the 2011 Plan and will continue to be governed by the 1994 Plan or the 1995 Plan, respectively.

The Company generally granted options under each of the 1994 Plan and the 1995 Plan once each year. Options vest and expire 
according to terms established at the grant date. Shares of common stock issued on exercise of stock options under the 1994 Plan 
and the 1995 Plan are registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").

83

 
Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may grant incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and restricted 
stock units, although the Company currently intends to award primarily performance-based and/or time-based restricted stock 
units ("RSUs"), and to a lesser extent, if at all, non-qualified stock options. The performance-based RSUs may vest, only if the 
applicable  Company-wide  or  profit-center  operating  goals,  or  both,  or  strategic  goals,  established  by  the  Compensation  and 
Leadership Development Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board, are met. 

The Company does not currently intend to award incentive stock options or restricted stock. Under the 2011 Plan, no more than 
16.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock in aggregate may be issued including shares already issued pursuant to prior 
awards granted under the 2011 Plan and shares issued on exercise of options previously granted under the 1994 Plan and the 1995 
Plan. Shares of common stock underlying awards to be issued pursuant to the 2011 Plan are registered under the Securities Act.

The Company granted RSUs under the 2011 Plan in 2015, 2016 and 2017 to its employees, including officers, and directors. The 
fair value of each RSU award is estimated on the measurement date as determined in accordance with GAAP and is based on the 
closing price of shares of the Company’s common stock on the day preceding the measurement date. The fair value excludes the 
present value of the dividends that the RSUs do not participate in. The RSUs granted to the Company’s employees may be time-
based, performance-based or time- and performance-based. The restrictions on a portion of the time-based RSUs generally lapse 
pursuant to a vesting schedule. The restrictions on the performance-based RSUs generally lapse following a performance period, 
and the underlying shares of the Company’s common stock are subject to performance-based adjustment before becoming vested. 
The time- and performance-based RSUs require the underlying shares of the Company’s common stock to be subject to performance-
based adjustment before starting to vest according to a vesting schedule.

The following table shows the Company’s stock-based compensation activity:

(in thousands) 
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in operating expenses

Fiscal Years Ended December 31,

2017
$ 12,744

2016
$ 13,113

2015
$ 11,212

Tax benefit of stock-based compensation expense in provision for income taxes

4,575

4,757

3,987

Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax

Fair value of shares vested

Proceeds to the Company from the exercise of stock-based compensation

Tax benefit from exercise of stock-based compensation, including shortfall tax benefits

$

8,169

$

8,356

$

7,225

$ 11,043

$ 13,186

$ 10,997

$

$

6,610

$

7,976

$

9,720

— $

(251) $

(318)

The stock-based compensation expense included in cost of sales, research and development and engineering expense, selling 
expense, or general and administrative expense depends on the job functions performed by the employees to whom the stock 
options were granted, or the restricted stock units were awarded. Stock-based compensation cost capitalized in inventory was $0.2 
million in 2017, and was $0.4 million in both 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

The following table summarizes the Company’s unvested restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Unvested Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Outstanding at January 1, 2017

Awarded
Vested
Forfeited

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
Outstanding and expected to vest at December 31, 2017

Shares
(in thousands)

Weighted-
Average
Price

615
589
(336)
(172)
696
690

$

$
$

31.81
38.79
32.85
35.96
35.34
35.33

$

$
$

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value *
(in thousands)

26,915

39,976
39,609

*  The intrinsic value for outstanding and expected to vest is calculated using the closing price per share of $57.41, as reported 

by the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2017.

84

 
 
 
 
On February 4, 2017, 579,139 RSUs were awarded to the Company's employees, including officers, at an estimated fair value of 
$38.74 per share, based on the closing price on February 3, 2017 of $43.42 per share and adjusted for certain market factors, and 
to a lesser extent, the present value of dividends. On May 16, 2017, 10,066 RSUs were awarded to each of the Company’s seven
non-employee directors at an estimated fair value of $41.52 per share based on the closing price on May 15, 2017, which RSUs 
vested fully on the date of the grant. 

The total intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $14.7 million, $10.8 
million and $10.3 million, respectively, based on the market value on the award date.

No stock options were granted under the 2011 Plan in 2015, 2016 or 2017. 

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Non-Qualified Stock Options
Outstanding at January 1, 2017

Exercised
Forfeited

Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017

Shares
(in thousands)
251
$
(223) $
— $
$
28

29.66
29.66
—
29.66

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value*
(in thousands)
3,538

1.1

$

0.1

$

780

 * The intrinsic value as of December 31, 2017 represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying common 
stock exceeds the exercise price of the option, and is calculated using the closing price per share of $57.41, as reported by 
the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2017.

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during each of the three years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, was 
$4.6 million, $3.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

As  of  December 31,  2017,  there  was  $10.2  million  total  unrecognized  compensation  cost  related  to  unvested  stock-based 
compensation arrangements under the 2011 Plan for awards made through December 31, 2017, which is expected to be recognized 
over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years. 

On February 15, 2018, approximately 186 thousand RSUs were awarded to the Company's employees, including officers. The 
Company's closing price of its stock was $57.16 on February 14, 2018. The fair value of the awards has not yet been determined, 
but the Company expects it will be less after adjustment for expected dividends the RSUs do not participate in.

Stock Bonus Plan

The Company also maintains a stock bonus plan, the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 1994 Employee Stock Bonus Plan (the 
“Stock Bonus Plan”), whereby it awards shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, who do not otherwise participate 
in any of the Company’s equity-based incentive plans and meet minimum service requirements as determined by the Committee. 
The number of shares awarded, as well as the required period of service, is determined by the Committee. Shares have generally 
been issued under the Stock Bonus Plan following the year in which the respective employee reached his or her tenth, twentieth, 
thirtieth, fortieth or fiftieth anniversary of employment with the Company or any direct or indirect subsidiary thereof. The Company 
committed to issuing 12 thousand shares for 2017, (8,100 shares to be issued and 3,900 shares of which are expected to be settled 
in cash for the Company's foreign employees). In 2016 and 2015, the Company issued 12 thousand and 10 thousand shares, 
respectively. As a result, we recorded pre-tax compensation charges of $1.2 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million for each of the 
years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Employees are also awarded cash bonuses as included in these 
charges, to compensate for income taxes payable as a result of the stock bonuses. 

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
3.  Trade Accounts Receivable, net

Trade accounts receivable consisted of the following:

 (in thousands)
Trade accounts receivable
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for sales discounts

The Company sells products on credit and generally does not require collateral. 

4. 

Inventories

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

 (in thousands) 
Raw materials
In-process products
Finished products

5.  Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

 (in thousands)
Land
Buildings and site improvements
Leasehold improvements
Machinery and equipment

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Capital projects in progress

December 31,

2017

2016

139,910
(996)
(2,956)
135,958

$

$

116,368
(895)
(3,050)
112,423

December 31,

2017

2016

91,022
26,849
135,125
252,996

$

$

86,524
20,902
124,848
232,274

December 31,

2017

2016

33,087
212,817
4,684
300,334
550,922
(299,907)
251,015
22,005
273,020

$

$

32,127
183,882
5,550
248,861
470,420
(273,302)
197,118
35,692
232,810

$

$

$

$

$

$

Included in property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2017 and 2016, are fully depreciated assets with an original cost of 
$189.9 million and $166.7 million, respectively. These fully depreciated assets are still in use in the Company’s operations. 

The  Company  capitalizes  certain  development  costs  associated  with  internal  use  software,  including  external  direct  costs  of 
materials and services and payroll costs for employees devoting time to a software project. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, 
depreciable capitalized software development costs were $20.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, and included in capital 
projects in progress at December 31, 2017 and 2016, were software in development costs of $12.2 million and $13.5 million, 
respectively. The approximate $29.0 million increase in buildings and site improvements was primarily related to $21.2 million
improvement costs associated with the manufacturing facility in West Chicago and the expansion of the McKinney facility.

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation expense, including depreciation of equipment and software acquired through capital lease arrangements, was $27.3 
million, $21.6 million and $20.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. 

6.  Equity Investments

In  December  2016,  the  Company  acquired  a  25.0%  equity  interest  in  Ruby  Sketch  Pty  Ltd.  (“Ruby  Sketch”),  an Australian 
proprietary limited company, for $2.5 million. The Company has accounted for its ownership interest using the equity accounting 
method and recognized Ruby Sketch investment as an asset at cost. The investment will fluctuate in future periods based on the 
Company’s allocable share of earnings or losses from the investment which is recognized through earnings.

Ruby Sketch develops software that assists in designing residential structures, primarily used in Australia and potentially for the 
North America market. The Company’s future relationship with Ruby Sketch also could potentially include the specification of 
the Company’s products in Ruby Sketch's software. The Company has no obligation to make any additional capital contributions 
to Ruby Sketch. 

7.    Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:

(in thousands)
Sales incentive and advertising accruals
Vacation liability
Dividend payable
Labor related liabilities
Sales taxes payable and other

8.  Debt

December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

31,143
8,993
9,954
16,970
17,144
84,204

$

$

25,761
7,432
8,535
8,431
10,318
60,477

The Company has revolving lines of credit with various banks in the United States and Europe. Total available credit at December 31, 
2017 was $304.2 million including revolving credit lines and an irrevocable standby letter of credit in support of various insurance 
deductibles.

The Company’s primary credit facility is a revolving line of credit with $300.0 million in available credit, which expires on July 23, 
2021. Amounts borrowed under this credit facility will bear interest at an annual rate equal to either, at the Company’s option, 
(a) the rate for Eurocurrency deposits for the corresponding deposits of United States dollars appearing on Reuters LIBOR1screen 
page (the “LIBOR Rate”), adjusted for any reserve requirement in effect, plus a spread of 0.60% to 1.45%, determined quarterly 
based on the Company’s leverage ratio (at December 31, 2017, the LIBOR Rate was 1.49%, or (b) a base rate, plus a spread of 
0.00% to 0.45%, determined quarterly based on the Company’s leverage ratio. The base rate is defined in a manner such that it 
will not be less than the LIBOR Rate. The Company will pay fees for standby letters of credit at an annual rate equal to the 
applicable spread described above, and will pay market-based fees for commercial letters of credit. The Company is required to 
pay an annual facility fee of 0.15% to 0.30% of the available commitments under the credit agreement, regardless of usage, with 
the applicable fee determined on a quarterly basis based on the Company’s leverage ratio. 

In addition to the $300.0 million credit facility, the Company’s borrowing capacity under other revolving credit lines totaled $4.0 
million at December 31, 2017. The other revolving credit lines charge interest ranging from 0.47% to 8.50% and have maturity 
dates  from  March 2017  to  December 2018. The  Company  had  no  outstanding  balance  on  any  of  its  revolving  credit  lines  at 
December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company and its subsidiaries are required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants. The covenants include 
provisions that would limit the availability of funds as a result of a material adverse change to the Company’s financial position 
or results of operations. The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants under the loan agreement as of December 31, 
2017.

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company incurs interest costs, which include interest, maintenance fees and bank charges. The amount of costs incurred, 
capitalized, and expensed for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, consisted of the following:

Interest costs incurred
Less: Interest capitalized
Interest expense

Capital Lease Obligations

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

1,249
(72)
1,177

$

$

1,167
(20)
1,147

$

$

1,133
(136)
997

The Company entered into two four-year lease agreements for certain office equipment with Cisco Systems Capital Corporation 
for a total of approximately $4.4 million, which was recorded in fixed assets as capital lease obligations. These capital lease 
obligations are included in current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance 
sheets. The interest rates for these two capital leases are 2.89% and 3.50%, respectively, and the two leases will mature in May 
2021 and July 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, the current portion of the outstanding liability for the leased equipment was approximately $1.1 million
and the long-term portion was approximately $2.6 million.

9.  Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Certain properties occupied by the Company are leased. The leases expire at various dates through 2026 and generally require the 
Company to assume the obligations for insurance, property taxes and maintenance of the facilities.

Rental expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015 with respect to all leased property was approximately $6.4 million, $5.9 million and $6.6 
million, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, minimum rental commitments under all non-cancelable leases were as follows:

(in thousands) 

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter
Total

$

$

6,923
5,787
4,472
3,376
2,270
2,339
25,167

Some of these minimum rental commitments contain renewal options and provide for periodic rental adjustments based on changes 
in the consumer price index or current market rental rates. Other rental commitments provide options to cancel early without 
penalty. Future minimum rental payments, under the earliest cancellation options, are included in minimum rental commitments 
in the table above.

Other Contractual Obligations

Purchase  obligations  consist  of  commitments  primarily  related  to  the  acquisition,  construction  or  expansion  of  facilities  and 
equipment, consulting agreements, and minimum purchase quantities of certain raw materials. The Company is not a party to any 
long-term supply contracts with respect to the purchase of raw materials or finished goods. Debt interest obligations include annual 
facility fees on the Company’s primary line-of-credit facility. Interest on line-of-credit facilities was estimated based on historical 
borrowings and repayment patterns.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2017, other contractual obligations were as follows:

(in thousands) 

As of December 31, 2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Thereafter
Total

Employee Relations

Debt Interest 
Obligations

$

$

450
450
450
250
—
—
1,600

$

Capital
Lease
Obligations
$

Purchase 
Obligations
42,833
679
679
679
582
—
45,452

1,055 $
1,089
1,125
480
—
—
3,749 $

Total

44,338
2,218
2,254
1,409
582
—
50,801

$

$

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 13% of the Company’s employees are represented by labor unions and are covered by 
collective bargaining agreements. We have two locations with collective bargaining agreements covering tool and die craftsmen, 
maintenance workers, and sheet-metal workers. The two union contracts in Stockton, California will expire in July and September 
2019, respectively. Moreover, the two contracts in San Bernardino County will expire in June 2018 and February 2021, respectively. 
We have not begun negotiations to extend the sheetmetal workers union labor contract that will expire in June 2018. Based on 
current information and subject to future events and circumstances, we believe that, even if new agreements are not reached before 
the existing labor union contracts expire, it is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to provide 
products to customers or on the Company's profitability.

Environmental

The Company’s policy with regard to environmental liabilities is to accrue for future environmental assessments and remediation 
costs when information becomes available that indicates that it is probable that the Company is liable for any related claims and
assessments and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. The Company does not believe that any such matters will 
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Litigation and Potential Claims

From  time  to  time,  the  Company  is  involved  in  various  legal  proceedings  and  other  matters  arising  in  the  normal  course  of 
business. Corrosion,  hydrogen  enbrittlement,  cracking,  material  hardness,  wood  pressure-treating  chemicals,  misinstallations, 
misuse, design and assembly flaws, manufacturing defects, labeling defects, product formula defects, inaccurate chemical mixes, 
adulteration, environmental conditions, or other factors can contribute to failure of fasteners, connectors, anchors, adhesives, 
specialty  chemicals,  such  as  fiber  reinforced  polymers,  and  tool  products.  In  addition,  inaccuracies  may  occur  in  product 
information, descriptions and instructions found in catalogs, packaging, data sheets, and the Company’s website.

The resolution of any claim or litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s 
financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.

Gentry Homes, Ltd. v. Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., et al., Case No. 17-cv-00566, was filed in a federal district court in 
Hawaii against Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. and the Company on November 20, 2017. The Gentry case is a product of a 
previous state court class action, Nishimura v. Gentry Homes, Ltd., et al., Civil No. 11-1-1522-07, which is now closed. The 
Nishimura case concerned alleged corrosion of the Company’s galvanized “hurricane straps” and mudsill anchor products used 
in a residential project in Ewa by Gentry, Honolulu, Hawaii. In the Nishimura case, the plaintiff homeowners and the developer, 
Gentry Homes, Ltd. (“Gentry”), arbitrated their dispute and agreed on a settlement in the amount of approximately $90 million. 
In the subsequent Gentry case, Gentry alleges breach of warranty and negligent misrepresentation by the Company related to its 
“hurricane strap” and mudsill anchor products, and demands general, special, and consequential damages from the Company in 
an amount to be proven at trial. Gentry also seeks pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees and costs, and other 
relief. The Company admits no liability and will vigorously defend the claims brought against it. At this time, the Company cannot 
reasonably ascertain the likelihood that it will be found responsible for substantial damages to Gentry. Based on the facts currently 

89

 
 
 
known, and subject to future events and circumstances, the Company believes that all or part of the claims brought against it in 
the Gentry case may be covered by its insurance policies.

Charles Vitale, et al. v. D.R. Horton, Inc. and D.R. Horton-Schuler Homes, LLC, Civil No. 15-1-1347-07, a putative class action 
lawsuit, was filed in the Hawaii First Circuit on July 13, 2015, in which the plaintiff homeowners allege that all homes built by 
D.R Horton/D.R. Horton-Schuler Homes (collectively, “Horton Homes”) in the State of Hawaii have strap-tie holdowns that are 
suffering premature corrosion. The complaint alleges that various manufacturers make strap-tie holdowns that suffer from such 
corrosion, but does not identify the Company’s products specifically. The Company is not currently a party to the Vitale lawsuit, 
but the lawsuit in the future could potentially involve the Company’s strap-tie holdowns. If claims are asserted against the Company 
in the Vitale case, it will vigorously defend any such claims, whether brought by the plaintiff homeowners or by Horton Homes. 
Based on the facts currently known, and subject to future events and circumstances, the Company believes that all or part of any 
claims that any party might bring against it related to the Vitale case may be covered by its insurance policies.

Given the nature and the complexities involved in the Gentry and Vitale proceedings, the Company is unable to estimate reasonably 
the likelihood of possible loss or a range of possible loss until the Company knows, among other factors, (i) the specific claims 
brought against the Company and the legal theories on which they are based; (ii) what claims, if any, might be dismissed without 
trial; (iii) how the discovery process will affect the litigation; (iv) the settlement posture of the other parties to the litigation; (v) 
the damages to be proven at trial, particularly if the damages are not specified or are indeterminate; (vi) the extent to which the 
Company’s insurance policies will cover the claims or any part thereof, if at all; and (vii) any other factors that may have a material 
effect on the proceeding. 

10.  Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Reform Act was signed, which includes a broad range of tax reform proposals affecting businesses, 
including corporate tax rates, business deductions, and international tax provisions. Many of these provisions significantly differ 
from current U.S. tax law, resulting in financial reporting implications. Some of the changes include, but are not limited to, a U.S. 
corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the option to claim 
accelerated depreciation deductions, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, 
and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.

While the Tax Reform Act provides for a territorial tax system, beginning in 2018, it includes two new U.S. tax base erosion 
provisions:  the  global  intangible  low-taxed  income  (“GILTI”)  provisions  and  the  base-erosion  and  anti-abuse  tax  (“BEAT”) 
provisions. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign 
corporations. The guidance indicates that either accounting for deferred taxes related to GILTI inclusions or to treat any taxes on 
GILTI inclusions as period cost are both acceptable methods subject to an accounting policy election. Effective the first quarter 
of 2018, the Company will elect to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost as we are not projecting any material 
impact from GILTI inclusions and any deferred taxes related to any inclusion would be immaterial.

The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminate the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign 
corporations, and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax. The Company does not expect it will be subject to this tax 
and therefore has not included any tax impacts of BEAT in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2017. 

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") was issued by the SEC to address the application of U.S. 
GAAP  in  situations  when  a  registrant  does  not  have  the  necessary  information  available,  prepared,  or  analyzed  (including 
computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. In accordance 
with SAB 118, the Company has recorded provisional amounts for $2.8 million of deferred tax benefit recorded in connection 
with the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and $3.8 million of current tax expense recorded in connection with 
the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company considers these amounts to be reasonable 
estimates at December 31, 2017. Additional work is necessary to do a more detailed analysis of historical data as well as potential 
correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to current tax expense in 2018 when the 
analysis is complete.

The provision for income taxes from operations consisted of the following: 

90

 
(in thousands)
Current

Federal
State
Foreign
Deferred
Federal
State
Foreign

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

36,077
6,357
3,068

6,093
544
(338)
51,801

$

$

39,649
7,053
3,333

260
13
(1,142)
49,166

$

$

29,684
5,001
3,568

2,390
753
(605)
40,791

Income and loss from operations before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, 
consisted of the following:

 (in thousands) 
Domestic
Foreign

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

$

132,105
12,313
144,418

$

$

131,827
7,073
138,900

$

$

106,381
2,298
108,679

As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the Tax Reform Act, the Company re-
measured its ending net deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional $2.8 million tax benefit for the 
year ended December 31, 2017.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had $32.1 million of pre-tax loss carryforwards in various foreign taxing jurisdictions, of 
which $1.1 million will begin to expire between 2019 and 2024. The remaining tax losses can be carried forward indefinitely.

At  December 31,  2017,  and  2016,  the  Company  had  deferred  tax  valuation  allowances  of  $11.1  million  and  $6.9  million, 
respectively. The valuation allowance increased $4.2 million and decreased $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 
and 2016, respectively. The increase in the valuation allowance in 2017 was primarily due to the Company’s remaining foreign 
tax credits carryforward in the U.S. The Company concluded it is more likely than not that these foreign tax credits will expire 
unrealized under the Tax Reform Act.

The Company has not historically recorded federal income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries because 
such earnings are reinvested and, in the Company’s opinion, will continue to be reinvested indefinitely. The Tax Reform Act 
provided for a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings through the year ended December 
31, 2017. The Company has recorded a net $3.8 million tax liability based on undistributed foreign earnings of approximately 
$73.3 million, payable over eight years. The Company intends to limit any possible future distributions to earnings previously 
taxed in the U.S. As a result, the Company has not recognized a deferred tax liability on its investment in foreign subsidiaries. 
Determination of the related amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income taxes is not practicable because of the complexities 
associated with this hypothetical calculation.

91

 
 
 
Reconciliations between the statutory federal income tax rates and the Company’s effective income tax rates as a percentage of 
income before income taxes for its operations were as follows:

 (in thousands) 
Federal tax rate

State taxes, net of federal benefit

Tax benefit of domestic manufacturing deduction

Mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings

Change in U.S. tax rate applied to deferred taxes

Change in valuation allowance

Difference between United States statutory and foreign local tax rates
Change in uncertain tax position

Other

Effective income tax rate

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

35.0 %

3.2 %

(2.0)%

2.7 %

(1.9)%

1.3 %

(0.8)%

— %

(1.6)%

35.9 %

35.0 %

3.4 %

(2.5)%

— %

— %

(0.1)%

(0.3)%

(0.2)%

0.1 %

35.4 %

35.0 %

3.3 %

(2.3)%

— %

— %

1.3 %

0.2 %

0.3 %

(0.3)%

37.5 %

The tax effects of the significant temporary differences that constitute the deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017
and 2016, respectively, were as follows:

 (in thousands)
Deferred asset taxes

State tax
Workers’ compensation
Health claims
Vacation liability
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Inventories
Sales incentive and advertising allowances
Acquisition costs
Unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss
Stock-based compensation
Foreign tax credit carryforwards
Uncertain tax positions’ unrecognized tax benefits
Foreign tax loss carry forward
Other

  Less valuation allowances

Deferred tax liabilities

Depreciation
Goodwill and other intangibles amortization
Tax effect on cumulative translation adjustment
Other

Total Deferred tax

92

December 31,

2017

2016

$

$

1,390
822
487
1,008
104
5,385
709
—
291
2,967
4,453
31
6,892
1,291
25,830
(11,114)
14,716

(7,050) $
(11,331)
(487)
—
(18,868)

2,518
1,381
755
1,485
123
6,833
1,126
528
678
5,550
1,288
104
6,841
1,259
30,469
(6,868)
23,601

(6,138)
(14,126)
(667)
(744)
(21,675)

(4,152) $

1,926

$

$

$

$

 
 
 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, was as 
follows, including foreign translation amounts:

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Balance at January 1
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years
Additions for tax positions of the current year
Lapse of statute of limitations
Balance at December 31

2017

2016

2015

1,119
660
(1)
319
(202)
1,895

$

$

1,107
204
—
155
(347)
1,119

$

$

1,307
310
(514)
191
(187)
1,107

$

$

Tax positions of $0, $0, and $0.2 million are included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2017, 2016, 
and 2015, respectively, which if recognized, would reduce the effective tax rate.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense, which is a 
continuation of the Company’s historical accounting policy. During the year ended December 31, 2017, accrued interest increased 
by  $0.2  million  and  during  the  years  ended  2016  and  2015,  accrued  interest  decreased  by  $61  thousand  and  $30  thousand, 
respectively. The Company had accrued $0.4 million for each of the fiscal year ended 2017, and $0.2 million for the years ended 
2016 and 2015, for the potential payment of interest, before income tax benefits.

At December 31, 2017, the Company remained subject to United States federal income tax examinations for the tax years 2014 
through 2017. In addition, the Company remained subject to state, local and foreign income tax examinations primarily for the 
tax years 2012 through 2017.

11.  Retirement Plans

The Company has six defined contribution retirement plans covering substantially all salaried employees and nonunion hourly 
employees. On January 1, 2015, the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan for Salaried Employees was 
amended, restated and superseded by the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “Restated Plan”), and 
the Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan for Hourly Employees was merged with and incorporated into 
the Restated Plan. The Restated Plan, covering United States employees, provides for quarterly safe harbor contributions, limited 
to 3% of the employees quarterly eligible compensation and for annual discretionary contributions, subject to certain limitations, 
but in no event are total contributions more than the amounts permitted under the Internal Revenue Code as deductible expense. 
The discretionary amounts for 2016 and 2017 were equal to 7% of qualifying salaries or wages of the covered employees. The 
other four plans, covering the Company’s European and Canadian employees, require the Company to make contributions ranging 
from 3% to 15% of the employees’ compensation. The total cost for these retirement plans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 
2016 and 2015, was $14.2 million, $10.1 million and $9.5 million, respectively.

We participate in various multiemployer benefit plans that cover some of our employees who are represented by labor unions. We 
make periodic contributions to these plans in accordance with the terms of applicable collective bargaining agreements and laws 
but do not sponsor or administer these plans. We do not participate in any multiemployer benefit plans for which we consider our 
contributions to be individually significant. If we were to otherwise withdraw from participation in any of these plans, applicable 
law would require us to fund our allocable share of the unfunded vested benefits, which is known as a withdrawal liability. As of 
December 31, 2017, we believe that there was no probable withdrawal liability under the multiemployer benefit pension plans 
under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees.

Our  total  contribution  to  various  industry-wide,  union-sponsored  pension  funds  and  a  statutorily  required  pension  fund  for 
employees in the U.S. and Europe were $4.0 million, $3.1 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016
and 2015, respectively.

12.  Related Party Transactions

During 2017, the Company identified certain purchases of goods and services from companies where the Chief Executive Officer 
or a member of the Company’s own board of directors serve as directors on the respective company providing the goods or services.  

93

 
 
 
 
 
The Company also identified purchases of services from a company affiliated with an immediate family member of another of 
the  Company’s  own  board  of  directors.   The  amount  of  goods  and  services  purchased  by  the  Company  pursuant  to  these 
arrangements was not material to the Company’s consolidated statement of income and cash flows for the year ended December 
31, 2017.

13.  Acquisitions and Dispositions

Under the business combinations topic of the FASB ASC 805, the Company accounts for acquisitions as business combinations 
and ascribes acquisition-date fair values to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Provisional fair value measurements are 
made at the time of the acquisitions. Adjustments to those measurements may be made in subsequent periods, up to one year from 
the acquisition date, as information necessary to complete the analysis is obtained. Fair value of intangible assets are generally 
based on Level 3 inputs. 

CG Visions, Inc.

In January 2017, the Company acquired CG Visions, Inc. ("CG Visions"), an Indiana corporation for $20.8 million. CG Visions 
provides scalable technologies and services in building information modeling ("BIM") technologies, estimation tools and software 
solutions to a number of the top 100 mid-sized to large builders in the United States, which are expected to complement and 
support the Company's sales in North America. During the third quarter of 2017, the Company finalized its fair value measurement 
of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this acquisition. CG Visions assets and liabilities included other current assets of $0.5 
million, noncurrent assets of $20.4 million, current liabilities and contingent consideration of $1.1 million. Included in noncurrent 
assets was goodwill of $10.1 million, which was assigned to the North America segment, and intangible assets of $10.3 million, 
both of which are not subject to tax-deductible amortization. The estimated weighted-average amortization period for the intangible 
assets is 7 years. 

Gbo Fastening Systems AB

In January 2017, the Company acquired Gbo Fastening Systems AB ("Gbo Fastening Systems"), a Sweden limited company, for 
$10.2 million. Gbo Fastening Systems manufactures and sells a complete line of CE-marked structural fasteners as well as fastener 
dimensioning software for wood construction applications, currently sold mostly in northern and eastern Europe, which are expected 
to complement the Company's line of wood construction products in Europe. The Gbo Fastening Systems acquisition result in a 
$6.3 million gain on bargain purchase of a business, which was included in the condensed consolidated statements of operation. 
Without speculating regarding the sellers' motivation, the Company does not know why Gbo Fastening Systems was sold below 
fair value, resulting in a nonrecurring bargain purchase gain for the Company.

94

The following table represents the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed in the Gbo Fastening Systems acquisition:

(In thousands)
Assets*

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Inventory

Other current assets

Noncurrent assets

Liabilities

Accounts payable

Other current liabilities and long-term liabilities

Total net assets

Gain on bargain purchase of a business, net of tax

Total purchase price

* Intangible assets acquired were determined to have little to no value, thus were not recognized

Multi Services Dêcoupe S.A.

$

3,956

4,914

13,591

760

3,929

27,150

4,500

6,146

10,646

16,504
(6,336)
10,168

In August 2016, the Company purchased all of the outstanding shares of Multi Services Dêcoupe S.A. ("MS Decoupe"), a Belgium 
public limited company, for $6.9 million. MS Decoupe primarily manufactures and distributes wood construction, plastic, and 
metal  labeling  products  in  Belgium  and  the  Netherlands,  including  distributing  the  Company's  products  manufactured  at  the 
Company's production facility in France. With this acquisition, the Company could potentially offer the Belgium market a wider-
range of its products, shorten delivery lead times, and expand the Company's sales presence into the Netherlands market. During 
the third quarter of 2017, the Company finalized its fair value measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in this 
acquisition. MS Decoupe assets and liabilities included cash and cash equivalents of  $1.4 million, other current assets of  $1.6 
million, noncurrent assets of $5.0 million, current liabilities of $0.6 million and noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities of $1.0 
million. Included in noncurrent assets was goodwill of $1.4 million, which was assigned to the Europe segment, and intangible 
assets of $1.7 million, both of which are not subject to tax-deductible amortization. The estimated weighted-average amortization 
period for the intangible assets is 10 years.

Blue Heron Enterprises, LLC and Fox Chase Enterprises, LLC.

In December 2015, the Company purchased all of the business assets including intellectual property from Blue Heron Enterprises, 
LLC, and Fox Chase Enterprises, LLC (collectively, "EBTY"), both New Jersey limited liability companies, for $3.4 million in 
cash. EBTY manufactured and sold hidden deck clips using a patented design. EBTY's patented design complements the Company's 
line of hidden clips and fastener systems. The Company's measurement of assets acquired included goodwill of $2.0 million, which 
was assigned to the North America segment, and intangible assets of $1.1 million, both of which are subject to tax-deductible 
amortization. Net assets consisting of inventory and equipment accounted for the balance of the purchase price. The weighted-
average amortization period for the intangible assets is 7 years. 

The results of operations of the businesses acquired in 2015 through 2017 have been in the Company’s consolidated results of 
operations since the date of the acquisition. They were not material to the Company on an individual or aggregate basis, and 
accordingly, pro forma results of such operations have not been presented.

Sales of Gbo Poland and Gbo Romania

As a result of incompatibility with Simpson's market strategy, the Company completed the sale of all of its equity in Gbo Fastening 
Systems' Poland and Gbo Romania subsidiaries on September 29, 2017 and October 31, 2017, respectively, for approximately 
$10.2 million, resulting in a loss of $0.2 million which was presented in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. 

95

14.   Segment Information

The Company is organized into three reporting segments. The segments are defined by the regions where the Company’s products 
are manufactured, marketed and distributed to the Company’s customers. The three regional segments are the North America 
segment (comprising primarily the Company's operations in the United States and Canada), the Europe segment and the Asia/
Pacific segment (comprising the Company’s operations in Asia, the South Pacific, South Africa and the Middle East). These 
segments are similar in several ways, including the types of materials used, the production processes, the distribution channels 
and the product applications.

The Administrative & All  Other  column  primarily  includes  expenses  such  as  self-insured  workers  compensation  claims  for 
employees  of  the  Company’s  venting  business,  which  was  sold  in  2010,  stock-based  compensation  for  certain  members  of 
management, interest expense, foreign exchange gains or losses and income tax expense, as well as revenues and expenses related 
to real estate activities, such as rental income and depreciation expense on the Company’s property in Vacaville, California, which 
the Company has leased to a third party for a 10-year term expiring in August 2020.

The following table shows certain measurements used by management to assess the performance of the segments described above 
as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

(in thousands) 

2017
Net sales

Sales to other segments *

Income from operations

Depreciation and amortization

Gain on bargain purchase of a business

Significant non-cash charges

Provision for income taxes

Capital expenditures and business acquisitions, net of
    cash acquired
Total assets

North
America

 Europe

Asia/
Pacific

Administrative
& All Other

 Total

$

803,697

$

165,155

$

8,173

$

— $ 977,025

3,237

132,890

25,745

—

9,861

47,434

70,040

953,033

959

4,421

5,832

6,336

1,509

2,124

11,411

208,640

20,715

1,179

1,246

—

65

419

4,511

26,820

—

677

901

—

2,473

1,824

24,911

139,167

33,724

6,336

13,908

51,801

—
(150,970)

85,962

1,037,523

(in thousands) 
2016
Net sales
Sales to other segments *
Income (loss) from operations
Depreciation and amortization
Significant non-cash charges
Provision for income taxes
Capital expenditures and business acquisitions, net of
    cash acquired
Total assets

$

North
America

742,021
2,512
137,311
19,433
9,124
45,547

37,652
853,826

$

$

 Europe
111,274
570
895
5,809
1,052
1,428

8,461
165,121

Asia/
Pacific

Administrative
& All Other

$

7,366
28,690
2,140
1,208
113
721

1,250
25,118

— $
—
(869)
1,477
3,657
1,470

—
(64,091)

 Total
860,661
31,772
139,477
27,927
13,946
49,166

47,363
979,974

96

 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands) 
2015
Net sales
Sales to other segments *
Income (loss) from operations
Depreciation and amortization
Significant non-cash charges
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Capital expenditures and business acquisitions, net of
    cash acquired

Total assets

$

$

North
America

676,618
2,857
109,446
17,812
8,221
36,999

33,336

748,241

$

 Europe
108,068
931
3,795
5,773
1,251
1,692

4,177

168,305

Asia/
Pacific

Administrative
& All Other

$

9,373
20,496
(3,445)
1,785
131
581

825

24,366

— $
—
(775)
1,451
2,355
1,519

27

20,397

 Total
794,059
24,284
109,021
26,821
11,958
40,791

38,365

961,309

 * Sales to other segments are eliminated on consolidation.

Cash collected by the Company’s United States subsidiaries is routinely transferred into the Company’s cash management accounts, 
and therefore has been included in the total assets of “Administrative & All Other.” Cash and short-term investment balances in 
“Administrative & All Other” were $80.2 million, $137.4 million and $164.1 million as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had $86.5 million, or 51.3%, of its cash and cash equivalents held outside 
the United States in accounts belonging to the Company’s various foreign operating entities. The majority of this balance is held 
in foreign currencies and could be subject to additional taxation if it were repatriated to the United States. 

The significant non-cash charges comprise compensation related to the awards under the Company's stock-based incentive plans 
and the Company's employee stock bonus plan. The Company’s measure of profit or loss for its reportable segments is income 
(loss) from operations. The reconciling amounts between consolidated income before tax and consolidated income from operations 
are net interest income (expense), loss in equity method investment, gain on bargain purchase of a business, and loss on disposal 
of a business. Interest income (expense) is primarily attributed to “Administrative & All Other.”

The following table shows the geographic distribution of the Company’s net sales and long-lived assets as of December 31, 2017, 
2016 and 2015, respectively:

 (in thousands) 
United States

Canada

United Kingdom

Germany

France

Poland

Sweden

Denmark

Norway

Switzerland

Australia

Belgium

The Netherlands

New Zealand
Chile

Other countries

2017

2016

2015

Net
Sales

Long-Lived
Assets

Net
Sales

Long-Lived
Assets

Net
Sales

Long-Lived
Assets

$

758,181

$

223,184

$

702,071

$

192,787

$

639,443

$

171,367

43,176

23,157

21,821

36,677

20,409

16,421

14,723

12,902

5,593

5,501

5,050

4,834

2,604
2,314

3,662

4,650

1,459

14,153

9,152

2,471

1,068

1,601

229

8,748

268

2,065

110

130
61

12,710

38,269

20,905

20,751

33,062

6,633

—

15,728

—

6,549

4,741

1,286

4,909

2,474
1,572

1,711

4,473

1,183

12,582

8,349

1,830

—

1,249

—

8,469

239

1,798

21

163
56

7,471

36,122

22,924

19,974

31,147

6,417

—

14,987

—

5,538

3,121

—

4,773

2,154
902

6,557

4,275

1,357

13,358

8,621

893

—

1,381

—

9,071

274

—

15

142
91

8,241

$

977,025

$

282,059

$

860,661

$

240,670

$

794,059

$

219,086

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales and long-lived assets, net of intangible assets, are attributable to the country where the sales or manufacturing operations 
are located.

The  Company's  wood  construction  products  include  connectors,  truss  plates,  fastening  systems,  fasteners  and  pre-fabricated 
shearwalls and are used for connecting and strengthening wood-based construction primarily in the residential construction market. 
Its concrete construction products include adhesives, specialty chemicals, mechanical anchors, carbide drill bits, powder actuated 
tools  and  reinforcing  fiber  materials  and  are  used  for  restoration,  protection  or  strengthening  concrete,  masonry  and  steel 
construction in residential, industrial, commercial and infrastructure construction. The following table show the distribution of 
the Company’s net sales by product for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

(in thousands) 
Wood Construction
Concrete Construction
Other
Total

2017

2016

2015

$

$

833,200
143,102
723
977,025

$

$

732,414
128,247
—
860,661

$

$

674,274
119,481
304
794,059

No customer accounted for as much as 10% of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

15.  Subsequent Events

Dividend Declaration 

On January 29, 2018, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.21 per share of our common stock, estimated to be $9.8 million
in total. The record date for the dividend will be April 5, 2018, and it will be paid on April 26, 2018. 

Share Repurchase

In February 2018, the Company received 182,171 shares of its common stock pursuant to the $50.0 million accelerated share 
repurchase program that it entered into with Wells Fargo in December 2017, which constituted the final delivery thereunder. 

98

 
 
 
16.  Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth selected quarterly financial data for each of the quarters in 2017 and 2016, respectively:

(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

2017

2016

Fourth
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Second
Quarter

First
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Second
Quarter

First
Quarter

Net sales
Cost of sales
Gross profit

$231,681
128,983
102,698

$262,476
142,591
119,885

$263,002
139,477
123,525

$219,866
119,710
100,156

$200,192
105,226
94,966

$230,974
117,499
113,475

$229,973
118,486
111,487

$199,523
107,000
92,523

Research and development and
other engineering

Selling
General and administrative
Gain (loss) on sale of assets

12,565
28,753
36,688
(13)

8,679
28,156
36,501
(147)

13,264
28,511
36,563
50

13,108
29,483
34,986
(50)

12,441
24,030
32,376
(17)

10,932
24,304
32,543
(81)

11,452
24,822
34,945
(656)

11,423
25,187
29,298
(26)

Income from operations

24,705

46,696

45,137

22,629

26,136

45,777

40,924

26,641

Loss in equity method
investment, before tax

Interest (expense) income, net
Gain (adjustment) on bargain
purchase of a business

Gain (loss) on disposal of a
business
Provision for
  income taxes
Net income
Earnings per share of common
stock:
Basic
Diluted

Cash dividends declared per
share of common stock

(33)
(104)

(13)
(296)

(12)
(199)

—

(2,052)

(654)

443

—

—

(28)
(189)

8,388

—

—
(177)

—

—

—
(82)

—

—

—
(83)

—

—

—
(235)

—

—

10,829
$ 13,085

16,581
$ 28,197

16,712
$ 28,214

7,679
$ 23,121

8,565
$ 17,394

15,898
$ 29,797

14,640
$ 26,201

10,063
$ 16,343

$

$

$

0.28
0.27

$

0.60
0.59

$

0.59
0.59

0

0.49
0.48

$

$

0.37
0.36

$

0.62
0.62

$

0.54
0.54

0.34
0.34

— $

0.42

$

0.21

$

0.18

$

0.18

$

0.18

$

0.18

$

0.16

Basic earnings per share of common stock (“EPS”) for each of the quarters presented above is computed based on the weighted 
average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the quarter. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted 
average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding during the 
quarter using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential shares of common stock include outstanding stock options and stock 
awards. The sum of the quarterly basic and diluted EPS amounts may not necessarily be equal to the full-year basic and diluted 
EPS amounts.

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SCHEDULE II

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 

Column D

Column E

Column B

Balance at

Beginning

of Year

Column C

Additions

Charged

to Costs

Charged

to Other

and

Accounts —

Expenses

Write-offs

Deductions

Balance

at End

of Year

$

$

895
3,050
6,868

1,142
2,706
7,575

929
2,089
6,754

66
(94)
5,765

(83)
344
358

440
617
1,577

$

(35) $
—
1,519

996
2,956
11,114

164
—
1,065

227
—
756

895
3,050
6,868

1,142
2,706
7,575

—

—
—
—

—
—
—

Column A

(in thousands)
Classification
Year to date December 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for sales discounts
Allowance for deferred tax assets

Year to date December 31, 2016
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for sales discounts
Allowance for deferred tax assets

Year to date December 31, 2015
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for sales discounts
Allowance for deferred tax assets

100

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures.

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of December 31, 2017, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision 
and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the chief executive officer (“CEO”) and the chief financial 
officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under 
the  Exchange Act.  Disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  controls  and  other  procedures  designed  reasonably  to  assure  that 
information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual 
Report on Form 10-K, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and 
Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed reasonably to assure that this 
information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate 
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, as of December 31, 2017, the Company's CEO 
and CFO have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. The Company’s management is responsible for establishing 
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, using the criteria established in Internal Control - 
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and 
concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017. 

The Company’s management does not include Gbo Fastening Systems and CG Visions, wholly owned subsidiaries, in its assessment 
of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, because they were acquired by the Company in purchase 
business combinations during 2017. The total assets of these acquisitions are 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, and total revenues are 
4.3% and 0.6%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 
2017

Grant  Thornton  LLP,  an  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm  that  audited  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements, has also audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, 
as stated in their report included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting 
identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the three months 
ended December 31, 2017, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial 
reporting.

Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  The Company’s 
management, including the CEO and the CFO, does not, however, expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures 
or the Company’s internal control over financial reporting will necessarily prevent all fraud and material errors. Internal control 
over financial reporting, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that 
the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the facts that there are resource 
constraints and that the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. The inherent limitations in internal control 
over financial reporting include the realities that judgments can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error 
or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by 
management override of controls. The design of any system of internal control is also based in part on assumptions about the 
likelihood of future events, and there can be only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its 
stated  goals  under  all  potential  events  and  conditions.  Over  time,  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in 
circumstances, or the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

101

 
 
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

PART III

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be 
held on Monday, April 24, 2018, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be 
held on Monday, April 24, 2018, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be 
held on Monday, April 24, 2018, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be 
held on Monday, April 24, 2018, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by this Item will be contained in the Company’s proxy statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting to be 
held on Monday, April 24, 2018, to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days following the end of the Company’s fiscal year 
ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

PART IV

(a)   The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

1.     Consolidated financial statements

The following consolidated financial statements are filed as a part of this report:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 
2015

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2.     Financial Statement Schedules

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following consolidated financial statement schedule for each of the years in the three-year period ended 
December 31, 2017, is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts-Years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

All other schedules have been omitted as the required information is not present or is not present in 
amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included 
in the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.

(b)   Exhibits

The following exhibits are either incorporated by reference into, or filed or furnished with, this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as 
indicated below.

3.1      Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of its 

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007.

3.2  Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. is incorporated by 

reference to Exhibit 3.1 of its Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2017.

3.3  Amended and Restated Bylaws of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., as amended, are incorporated by reference 

to Exhibit 3.2 of its Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 28, 2017.

4.1  Certificate  of  Designation,  Preferences  and  Rights  of  Series  A  Participating  Preferred  Stock  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing  Co.,  Inc.,  dated  July  30,  1999,  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.2  of  its  Registration 
Statement on Form 8-A dated August 4, 1999.

10.1  Form of Indemnification Agreement between Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and its directors and executive 
officers, as well as the officers of Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 
of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

10.2  Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2012 (the “2012 Credit Agreement”), among Simpson Manufacturing Co., 
Inc., as Borrower, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (f/k/a Union 
Bank, N.A.), HSBC Bank USA, N.A., and Bank of Montreal, as Lenders, Wells Fargo in its separate capacities 
as Swing Line Lender and L/C issuer and as Administrative Agent, and Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., and 
Simpson Strong-Tie International, Inc. as Guarantors, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Simpson 
Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 1, 2012.

10.3  Second Amendment to the 2012 Credit Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2016, among the Company, as Borrower, 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”), MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (f/k/a Union Bank, N.A.), 
HSBC Bank USA, N.A., and Bank of Montreal, as Lenders, Wells Fargo in its separate capacities as Swing Line 
Lender and L/C issuer and as Administrative Agent, and Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., and Simpson Strong-
Tie International, Inc. as Guarantors, which Second Amendment incorporates and supersedes the First Amendment 
to  the  Credit Agreement  dated  December 8,  2015,  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 25, 2016.

10.4  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. Executive Officer Cash Profit Sharing Plan, as amended through March 17, 

2017, is filed herewith.

10.5  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan, as amended through February 13, 2008, is incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2008.

10.6  Simpson  Manufacturing  Co., Inc.  1995  Independent  Director  Stock  Option  Plan,  as  amended  through 
November 18, 2004, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Quarterly 
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008.

103

 
10.7  Simpson  Manufacturing  Co., Inc. Amended  and  Restated  2011  Incentive  Plan  is  incorporated  by  reference  to 

Exhibit A of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Schedule 14A Proxy Statement dated March 9, 2015.

10.8  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of Simpson 
Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File Number 333-173811, dated December 15, 
2015.

10.9  Compensation of Named Executive Officers and Directors is incorporated by reference to Item 5.02 of Simpson 
Manufacturing  Co., Inc.’s  Current  Report  on  Form 8-K  dated  February  15,  2018,  Item  5.02  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing  Co., Inc.’s  Current  Report  on  Form 8-K  dated  February  4,  2017,  Item  5.02  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing  Co., Inc.’s  Current  Report  on  Form 8-K  dated  December  6,  2016  and  Item  5.02  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on October 26, 2016.

10.10  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2017 Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed 

herewith.

10.11  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2017 Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed herewith.

10.12  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2017 Director Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed 

herewith.

10.13  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2018 Performance Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed 

herewith.

10.14  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2018 Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed herewith.

10.15 Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2018 Director Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is filed 

herewith.

21.  List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant is filed herewith.

23 

Consent of Grant Thornton LLP is filed herewith.

31.1  Chief Executive Officer’s Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification is filed herewith.

31.2  Chief Financial Officer’s Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification is filed herewith.

32. 

Section 1350 Certifications are furnished herewith.

99.1  Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 1994 Employee Stock Bonus Plan, as amended through December 7, 2015, is 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Schedule 14A Proxy Statement dated 
March  10,  2016.Simpson  Manufacturing  Co., Inc.  1994  Employee  Stock  Bonus  Plan,  as  amended  through 
December 7, 2015, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit A of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.’s Schedule 14A 
Proxy Statement dated March 10, 2016.

99.2  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2017 Performance & Time Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement is 

filed herewith.

99.3  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2018 Company OP Performance & Time Based Restricted Stock Unit 

Agreement is filed herewith.

99.4  Form of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. 2018 Branch OP Performance & Time Based Restricted Stock Unit 

Agreement is filed herewith.

101  Financial statements from the annual report on Form 10-K of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. for the year ended 
December 31, 2017, formatted in XBRL, are filed herewith and include: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, 
(ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Statement of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated 
Statements  of  Stockholders’  Equity,  (v) the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Cash  Flows  and  (vi) the  Notes  to 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

104

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

105

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused 

this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

Dated:

February 28, 2018

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
(Registrant)

By

/s/Brian J. Magstadt

Brian J. Magstadt
Chief Financial Officer
and Duly Authorized Officer
of the Registrant
(principal accounting and financial officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 

persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated below. 

Signature

Title

Date

Chief Executive Officer:

/s/Karen Colonias

(Karen Colonias)

Chief Financial Officer:

  President, Chief Executive
  Officer and Director

(principal executive officer)

  February 28, 2018

/s/Brian J. Magstadt

(Brian J. Magstadt)

  Chief Financial Officer,
  Treasurer and Secretary

  February 28, 2018

(principal accounting and financial officer)

Directors:

/s/Peter N. Louras, Jr.

(Peter N. Louras, Jr.)

/s/James S. Andrasick

(James S. Andrasick)

/s/Michael A. Bless

(Michael A. Bless)

  Chairman of the Board and Director

  February 28, 2018

  Director

  Director

  February 28, 2018

  February 28, 2018

/s/Jennifer A. Chatman

  Director

  February 28, 2018

(Jennifer A. Chatman)

/s/Gary M. Cusumano

(Gary M. Cusumano)

/s/Celeste Volz Ford

(Celeste Volz Ford)

  Director

  Director

  February 28, 2018

  February 28, 2018

/s/Robin G. MacGillivray

  Director

  February 28, 2018

(Robin G. MacGillivray)

106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
List of Subsidiaries of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
At February 28, 2018 

Exhibit 21

1.  Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc., a California corporation

2.  Simpson Strong-Tie International, Inc., a California corporation

3.  Simpson Strong-Tie Canada, Limited, a Canadian corporation

4.  Simpson Strong-Tie Europe EURL, a French corporation

5.  Simpson Strong-Tie, S.A.S., a French corporation

6.  Simpson Strong-Tie Australia, Inc., a California corporation

7.  Simpson Strong-Tie A/S, a Danish corporation 

8.  Simpson Strong-Tie GmbH, a German corporation 

9.  Simpson Strong-Tie Sp. z.o.o., a Polish corporation 

10.  Simpson France SCI, a French corporation

11.  Simpson Strong-Tie Australia Pty Limited, an Australian corporation

12.  Simpson Strong-Tie Asia Limited, a Hong Kong company

13.  Simpson Strong-Tie Asia Holding Limited, a Hong Kong company

14.  Simpson Strong-Tie (Zhangjiagang) Co., Ltd., a Chinese company

15.  Simpson Strong-Tie s.r.o., a Czech company

16.  Socom S.A.S., a French corporation

17.  Simpson Strong-Tie (New Zealand) Limited, a New Zealand company

18.  Simpson Strong-Tie Switzerland GmbH, a Switzerland company

19.  S&P Clever Reinforcement Company AG, a Switzerland company

20.  S&P Handels GmbH, an Austrian company

21.  S&P Clever Reinforcement GmbH, a Germany company

22.  S&P Clever Reinforcement Company Benelux B.V., a Dutch company

23.  S&P Polska Sp. z.o.o., a Polish corporation

24.  Clever Reinforcement Iberica - Materiais de Construção, Lda., a Portugal company

25.  S&P Reinforcement France, a French company

26.  Simpson Strong-Tie (Thailand) Co., Ltd, a Thai company 

27.  Simpson Strong-Tie Vietnam Company Limited, a Vietnam company

28.  Simpson Strong-Tie South Africa (PTY) Ltd, a South Africa company

29.  Simpson Strong-Tie Chile Limitada, a Chile company

30.  S&P Reinforcement Nordic ApS, a Danish company

31.  Simpson Strong-Tie Structural Connectors Ireland Ltd, an Ireland company

32.  Multi Services Dêcoupe S.A., a Belgium company

33.  CG Visions, Inc., an Indiana corporation

34.  Gbo Fastening Systems AB, a Swedish corporation

35.  Christiania Spigerverk AS, a Norwegian company

36.  S&P Reinforcement Spain, S.L., a Spanish company

107

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Exhibit 23

We have issued our reports dated February 28, 2018, with respect to the consolidated financial statements, financial 
statement  schedule,  and  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  included  in  the  Annual  Report  of  Simpson 
Manufacturing Co., Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  We consent to the incorporation by 
reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. on Forms S-8 (File Nos. 
033-90964, 333-37325, 333-40858, 333-97313, 333-97315, 333-173811, and 033-85662).

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP
San Francisco, California
February 28, 2018 

108

 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

I, Karen Colonias, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.;

Exhibit 31.1

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report 
is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to 
be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles;

 (c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that 
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial 
reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and 
report financial information; and 

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

DATE:

February 28, 2018

By /s/Karen Colonias

Karen Colonias

Chief Executive Officer

109

 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

I, Brian J. Magstadt, certify that:

1. 

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.;

Exhibit 31.2

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report;

4.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)  Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under  our  supervision,  to  ensure  that  material  information  relating  to  the  registrant,  including  its  consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report 
is being prepared;

(b)  Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to 
be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting 
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles;

 (c)  Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)  Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 
the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that 
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial 
reporting; and

5.  The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or 
persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)  All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and 
report financial information; and 

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 

registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

DATE:

February 28, 2018

By /s/Brian J. Magstadt

Brian J. Magstadt

Chief Financial Officer

110

 
 
 
 
 
Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Section 1350 Certifications

Exhibit 32

The undersigned, Karen Colonias and Brian J. Magstadt, being the duly elected and acting Chief Executive Officer and 
Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby certify 
that the annual report of the Company on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, fully complies with the requirements 
of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that information contained in such report fairly presents, 
in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

DATE: February 28, 2018

By /s/Karen Colonias

Karen Colonias

Chief Executive Officer

By /s/Brian J. Magstadt

Brian J. Magstadt

Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code has been 
provided to Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and will be retained by Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc. and furnished to the Securities 
and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to § 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. It is 
not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference 
into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in 
such filing.

111

Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.
5956 W. Las Positas Boulevard
Pleasanton, CA 94588
Tel: (800) 925-5099   Fax: (925) 847-1608
simpsonmfg.com

© 2018 Simpson Manufacturing Co., Inc.  P01070 AR17