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Sopheon Plc
Annual Report 2019

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FY2019 Annual Report · Sopheon Plc
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2019 Annual Report

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Innovation
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TABLE
OF
CONTENTS

STRATEGIC REPORT

Summary Results and Trends .............................................................................................5

Chairman's Statement .........................................................................................................6

Strategy and Market ............................................................................................................8

Financial Review ...............................................................................................................16

GOVERNANCE

Directors and Advisors ......................................................................................................22

Board Committee Reports .................................................................................................23

Directors' Report ................................................................................................................26

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities ............................................................................30

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Auditors' Report .................................................................................................................31

Consolidated Financial Statements ...................................................................................37

Notes to the Financial Statements ....................................................................................41

Sopheon and Accolade are registered trademarks of Sopheon plc. 

        Sopheon’s mission is to help 
our customers achieve exceptional 
long-term growth and profitability 
through sustainable innovation.

We do this by digitalizing enterprise innovation through software, services and 

best practices that help companies operate with success.

Our solutions connect people, systems and information, helping companies 

better execute on business strategy and improve the return on their investments 

into initiatives such as transformational change, enterprise innovation, product 

development, supply chain efficiencies and cost reduction.

These solutions are designed to keep strategy visible and continuously aligned 

with operational execution throughout the initiative life cycle, ensuring long-term 

market success. The transparency and insight they provide support speed, agility 

and adaptability – all critical enterprise capabilities in the digital era – and enable 

decision-making that drives better business outcomes.

Strategic
Innovation
Planning & 
Roadmapping

Strategy
Execution

Idea/
Concept
Development

Innovation
Process &
Program
Management

Portfolio
Optimization
& Resource
Management

 
 
2017

2016

$28.5m

2018

$33.9m

2019

$30.3m

2015

$20.9m

$23.2m

2017

2018

$9.4m

2016

$8.1m

2015

$4.2m

$5.6m

2019

$6.4m

2019

$15.9m

2018

$14.8m

2017

2016

$12.1m

2015

$8.2m

$9.9m

REVENUE

ADJUSTED EBITDA

 ARR

First to introduce smart 
technologies and PPT 
on a single click

First to embed 
graphical “product 
life cycle” stages

PPT
XLS
DOC
MPP

First to implement 
enterprise-wide, 
fully-integrated 
Innovation Planning 
and Roadmapping

First to embed 30 
years of best-practice 
know-how

First to introduce 
integrated roadmapping, 
planning, execution, 
ideation and portfolio 
in one solution

First to 
automate
Stage-Gate®

First and only to provide a 
genetic (learning) algorithm to 
assist with portfolio alignment 
(smart optimization)

First to embed proactive
knowledge discovery

6

CHAIRMAN'S
STATEMENT

After several years of continuous and strong financial growth, revenues paused 

somewhat, coming in at just over $30m.  In view of this, it was good to see the inherent 
discipline in our business delivering another profitable and cash generative year, 
and our closing net asset and cash positions at historic highs.  Consistent with our 
expectation after a slow first half momentum rebounded sharply in the final quarter, 
which was one of the strongest on record for deal flow. 

We have previously communicated our perspective on the underlying reasons behind 

the pause – unexpected client personnel changes, customer scope expanding from 
point to enterprise solution and ramp-up time of our newer sales resources.  These same 

circumstances, however, have also contributed to a substantially larger sales pipeline, up 50 percent year on 
year.  On the whole deals have not gone away, but have been deferred.  We saw some signs of customer 
hesitation due to economic factors, but we do not attribute this as a key contributor.  Indeed, behind the headline 
financials, we signed the same number of new customers – 18 – as in the year before. 

Our business strategy continued to focus on the same three themes as in the past – leveraging our tremendous 
roster of blue-chip customers, winning new customers through strict vertical focus and developing a distribution 
ecosystem. To this we have added a commitment to transition our software revenue and delivery model from one 
that is predominantly perpetual and on-premise to one that is primarily based on software as a service (“SaaS”).  
Our goals are to transition to a revenue model that drives higher recurring revenue and brings greater stability 
to the financial results, while also meeting a growing customer preference that has taken time to filter through to 
our market.  We referred to this shift in our 2018 annual report, and over the course of last year transformation 
to a cloud business has become a key internal driver of change.  We have revised our standard pricing models, 
service delivery models and commission plans, and a longer-term migration of the software platform is underway.  
Industry experience tells us that the conversion to SaaS will take a number of years.  It also means that, going 
forward, annual recurring revenue (“ARR”) will be a key performance indicator alongside annual revenue.  
Overall, ARR including maintenance and SaaS stood at $15.9m coming into 2020, compared to $14.8m coming 
into 2019.  Adding closed business since year end and the consulting backlog takes overall revenue visibility1 for 
2020 to $21.2m at the time of this report, compared to $20.6m a year ago.  In this regard, in future we expect to 
focus increasingly on ARR rather than visibility as a metric of progress.  

Our goals are to transition to a revenue model that drives higher 
recurring revenue and brings greater stability to the financial 
results, while also meeting a growing customer preference that has 
taken time to filter through to our market...Overall, ARR including 
maintenance and SaaS stood at $15.9m coming into 2020.

STRATEGIC REPORT

7

Companies need solutions to help them deal with the new reality of constant disruption, and to manage it through 
digital transformation.  Last year I described the broadening of our mission from one that helps R&D organizations 
to improve innovation, to one that helps major enterprises achieve their strategic goals through innovation.  I also 
said that the extension of our vision had the potential to be a third major pillar of the enterprise stack, alongside 
ERP and CRM, and that this dramatically expands our horizons and potential.  This perspective remains entirely 
consistent with current market realities.  As detailed later, we have also taken positive steps to prepare the 
business to operate virtually and effectively in the new global circumstances presented by the coronavirus crisis.  

Sopheon has a strong track record in a market that we believe is set to expand rapidly.  Customer satisfaction is 
high – at the time of our Accolade 13.0 release in November 2019, over 90 percent of our customers were on a 
supported release of the software; and we achieved a record net promoter score in 2019 of 40, considered high 
for a B2B business.  Broader recognition has been forthcoming from Gartner and others, and we were particularly 
pleased that Sopheon won the best performing company slot in the enterprise software category of Megabuyte’s 
Quoted25 awards, announced in January 2020. Continued investment will be called for as we look to accelerate 
progress and solidify our leadership position.  Overall, coronavirus unknowns aside, we remain confident of 
growing commercial traction in the coming year; our very strong balance sheet also gives us the comfort to press 
on.  To underline this confidence, I am pleased to announce that in spite of a challenging year, we are maintaining 
our dividend at 3.25p per share.  

Barry Mence
Executive Chairman

18 March 2020

2019
$27.9m

2018
$25.6m

2019
$19.4m

2018
$16.7m

NET ASSETS

NET CASH

1 Revenue visibility comprises revenue expected from (i) closed license orders, including those which are contracted but 
conditional on acceptance decisions scheduled later in the year; (ii) contracted services business delivered or expected to be 
delivered in the year; and (iii) recurring maintenance, hosting and rental streams.  The visibility calculation does not include 
revenues from new sales opportunities expected to close during the remainder of the year.

8

STRATEGY
AND
MARKET

In this section, our CEO Andy Michuda provides more details on Sopheon’s mission, 

differentiation and principal growth strategies.  A summary of the principal risk areas facing 
the business is set out in the Directors’ Report.  Further analysis of Sopheon’s financial 
results during the year, including a review of the business, the financial position at the 
end of the year, key indicators and an overview of key corporate developments are set 
out in the Financial Review.

Our Mission

Sopheon was founded with a mission to provide our customers with world-class solutions to aid them in achieving 
exceptional long-term growth and profitability through sustainable innovation.  Our Accolade solution, comprised of 
software, services and best practices, is designed to keep strategy visible and continuously aligned with operational 
execution throughout the life cycle of initiatives.  By increasing connection of people, transparency to information and 
surfacing actionable insights, they support speed, agility and adaptability – all critical enterprise capabilities in the 
digital era – and enable decision-making that drives better business outcomes.

LEARNINGS FROM 2019
1

THE MARKET 
IS READY FOR 
CLOUD

The time is right for Sopheon to start making the shift 
towards becoming a cloud company.  During the year we saw 
unexpectedly strong drive and desire from our customers for 
adopting cloud technologies and SaaS solutions.  This allows 
us to increase our own innovation velocity and speed to 
market and lower the overhead cost to develop and maintain 
our solutions by leveraging best in class cloud technologies 
and capabilities.  Shifting Accolade to the cloud will make 
ecosystem innovation a reality for our customers.

ADAPTIVENESS 
IS A KEY 
CAPABILITY 

2

In 2018 we shared our success in Accolade’s role as an 
enterprise platform supporting multiple needs relating to 
product as well as broader business model innovation.  
In 2019 we continued to be pulled by clients to introduce 
even more flexibility and configurability into our product 
to allow them to meet unique business needs while 
easing system updates and deployments.  As a result, we 
invested heavily in this area last year and will continue to 
enhance this area of the product while also simplifying the 
user experience of our configuration capabilities.  

STRATEGIC REPORT
STRATEGIC REPORT

9
9

NEW CLIENT 
ACQUISITION 
BEST PRACTICES 

GLOBAL 
DISRUPTION 
DRIVERS 

3

4

In 2019 we matched the record client acquisition of the 
previous year by signing 18 new clients.  We did, however, 
experience extended client buying cycles at times, in part due 
to the increasing range of business solutions supported by the 
Accolade software.  A consequence of broadening the scope of 
the value we offer was the introduction of new business groups 
and buying personas into the buying decision.  This resulted in 
additional cycles and lengthened the decision-making process.  
We learned from this experience to phase our selling efforts, 
limiting the initial sale to a single solution that addresses the 
client’s most urgent need, and then expanding our value 
proposition following the initial deployment.

Last year many of our clients were disrupted by global 
economic factors such as trade talks and Brexit.  Such 
unanticipated disruption requires companies to move with 
speed to reprioritize strategic initiatives, make changes to their 
supply chain or revisit their product portfolio strategy.  Accolade 
offers visibility and speed to decisions in such times of crisis.  

Clearly the world is now being hit by a new, unexpected and 
massive crisis with the coronavirus.  At the time of writing, 
Sopheon has already taken prompt action to ensure the health 
and safety of staff, introducing an immediate work from home 
policy and travel restrictions supported by well-defined virtual 
working practices, and also to assure continuity of business 
operations and cloud services through our co-location and 
Azure based infrastructure.

INNOVATION 
ECOSYSTEM 
EXPANSION

5

In 2019 we expanded the geographic reach of Accolade 
solutions with signatures of Akdeniz Kimya in Turkey, 
Global Chemicals in Thailand, and Nippon Paint in Japan.  
All these new customers approached us as the result of 
recommendations within their ecosystem or relationships 
with industry peers.  This was a satisfying expansion 
beyond our traditional successes from past years in Europe 
and North America.  

"After an in-depth evaluation of a number of software vendors, we 
chose the Accolade Express solution. Sopheon has the expertise and 
a solid number of customer references in the fast moving consumer 
goods (FMCG) space."

Abrar Hasan

CEO, National 
Foods Limited

10

STRATEGIC REPORT

GROWTH STRATEGY

Our growth strategy has not wavered, and we continue to be focused on the same four cornerstones that have 
delivered our recent growth: 

1. Leverage blue-chip references to extend Accolade as the digital platform of choice to digitalize 

corporate strategy and operational execution.  Sopheon’s roster of customer names is a Who’s Who 
of the world’s leading companies.  Our customers are a key voice directly into our cloud, ecosystem and 
product roadmap strategies.  We will continue to partner closely with our clients and our client ecosystem 
to gain insights and learnings that drive further advancement and development in the consistently 
changing Enterprise Innovation Management market.  We believe our Accolade platform extension strategy 
represents a significant growth opportunity.  We continued to invest in “enterprise adaptability” last year to 
meet the needs of some of our forward-thinking customers.  Our clients are increasingly using Accolade as 
the platform to enable these shifts and we believe this trend will continue.  We therefore anticipate further 
enterprise adaptability expansion in the future.

2. Generate faster Net New logo growth in target industries through deeper specialization and 

domain-specific expertise.  We will continue to focus our efforts on dominating our chosen core vertical 
markets of chemicals, aerospace, consumer products, food and beverage, automotive/transportation and 
high technology. Sopheon’s long history and experience in these verticals allows us to operate as an 
industry connector for our clients, introducing them to one another for mutual learning and to advance their 
competency and success.  We will continue to invest in industry-specific expertise and solutions.

3. Multiply our growth through developing and monetizing an Accolade ecosystem of distribution 
partnerships – channel, strategic and geographical.  Our ecosystem has now matured to where it 
makes sense to invest time in the development of a network of partner relationships to expand the growth 
rate of the business.  Last year we made progress with the signing of new clients in Turkey, Japan and 
Thailand, most of which was through our reseller channel.  In 2020 we expect to expand our consulting 
partner ecosystem in both the EU and the United States.

4. Engage in M&A only if it propels the speed and competency for Sopheon to achieve 1, 2 or 3 above. 

To these we have now added a new and fifth strategy:

5. Transformation to a cloud business.  The benefits of moving our revenue 

model to one which is subscription based and of focusing our product 
innovation on solutions that are designed to be run in the cloud 
are material.  This transformation will not happen overnight, 
yet when completed successfully will allow Sopheon to 
innovate more quickly, shorten the time it takes to acquire 
new customers, improve business predictability (through 
reducing license spikes and troughs, guaranteeing 
recurring revenue and guaranteeing paid support), 
further improve the scalability and performance of our 
software, and reduce the cost of service delivery.  In addition, we will also be better meeting our customer 
preference for greater flexibility and alignment of their investment with consumption of the software.

Sopheon’s growing in-market presence here in Asia, we believe that we made a right choice 
in partnering with the Prodex/Sopheon team to help us bring our new product and process 

“ Given the positive reputation of Accolade among other industry leaders, as well as 
innovations to market more quickly and efficiently than before.” – Dr. Chaya Chandavasu,

Senior VP of Science & Innovation, PTT Global Chemical Public Company Ltd.

STRATEGIC REPORT

11

IMMEDIATE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

TAP INTO 
DISRUPTION

1

Today’s business climate is characterized by 
disruption.  This is no ordinary business cycle, but 
rather one that requires a fundamental transformation 
by businesses of all sizes and across all industries 
to operate with more agility and responsiveness.  
Organizations that are unable to master this transition 
will not survive. 

The key driver of this disruption and resulting "digital 
revolution" is the changing expectation of customers 
in the way they choose, buy, obtain and use products.  
Simply put, product innovation is at the heart of digital 
transformation and is, now more than ever, critical for 
business survival.

Companies must create three operational competencies
powered through digitalization to win in the digital age

Global
Digitization

Power of the
Consumer

Annual planning 
must be dynamic 
and iterative

Strategic initiatives 
must be realized at 
a higher rate

Cross-functional 
teamwork must be 
“connected”

Product Innovation 

Our addressable market is defined as a subset of several distinct product markets including project and portfolio 
management, strategic planning and innovation management.  The overall project and portfolio management 
market by itself is estimated at $3 billion in 2018 and grew at 14.1% over the prior year.1 

The broad applicability of our solution is evidenced by the addition in 2019 of new customers in food and 
beverage, consumer goods, chemicals and industrial manufacturing industries.  In addition, our vision and 
ability to execute is noted by leading analyst group Gartner in their 2019 Magic Quadrant for Project & Portfolio 
Management, 2019 Market Guide for Strategy and Innovation Roadmapping Tools, 2019 Market Guide for 
Innovation Management and 2019 Market Guide for Strategy Execution Management Software.

1 Gartner, ‘Market Share: Enterprise Application Software, Worldwide, 2018’

12

STRATEGIC REPORT

Sopheon customers report the following value from digitalizing their innovation processes with Accolade:

^ 75%

15-30%

50%

10-20%

Increase
Portfolio Value
by 75-100%

Reduce
Time to Market
by 15-30%

Increase
Product/Initiative
Success
by up to 50%

Reduce
Costs
by 10-20%

Business Innovation and Digital Transformation

As a leader in product innovation solutions, Sopheon is ideally positioned to help organizations deliver the 
new products and associated business innovation that will achieve digital transformation and the resulting new 
experiences demanded by their customers.

Executing on digital transformation strategies and initiatives is becoming an imperative for these organizations.  
This new emerging market represents considerable addressable target market size as a subset of the overall 
digital transformation market, which is estimated to exceed $2 trillion by 2025.2

We see this as a unique opportunity for Sopheon to digitalize corporate strategic initiatives, innovation 
investments and portfolios in a single platform, creating a digital operating model designed to help organizations 
meet the challenge of digital disruption.  Accolade digitalizes this emerging operating model enabling a CEO 
to achieve his or her strategic direction with a velocity that cannot be accomplished without the support of an 
enterprise innovation management platform.

In 2019, we continued to see the role of Accolade expand to support these strategic transformation initiatives 
spanning supply chain, digital/physical product innovation, and more.  Our strengths in this area are also 
recognized by Gartner in their 2019 Market Guide for Strategy Execution Management Software, 2019 Market 
Guide for Strategy and Innovation Roadmapping Tools, and 2019 Market Guide for Technologies Supporting  
DTO (Digital Twin of the Organization).

2

INCREASE 
MARKET SHARE 
IN CORE
VERTICALS

We have continued to concentrate on our core industries 
with the objective of growing market share where we 
hold preferred positions due to strong  competency in 
our product, best-practice content and expertise of our 
people.  I am proud to share that all but one of our new 
sales in 2019 came from these core verticals, proof 
of our team’s dedication to executing on our strategy.  
Despite the success in this area, we have not fully 
captured the share of these markets and will therefore 
be investing efforts to do so.  In parallel, we continue 
to test additional industries for expansion such as the 
automotive and transportation sectors.

Food & Beverage

Aerospace & Defense

High-Tech Electronics

Chemicals

Automotive

Consumer Goods
Industrial Manufacturing

2 Research and Markets, "Digital Transformation Market to 2025”

STRATEGIC REPORT

13

WHAT MAKES
SOPHEON DIFFERENT

Our Culture

As a company and as individuals we value integrity, honesty, openness, personal excellence, continual self-
improvement and mutual respect.  These core values contribute to a culture that sets us apart.  At a time when 
technology companies are experiencing unprecedented turnover, Sopheon is proud of our employee retention of almost 
90 percent.  The large number of employees whose tenure is 10 years or longer contributes in a unique and critical 
way to instilling our cultural values into the mentoring of new Sopheonites as they undergo onboarding.  In a recent 
independent consultant study evaluating Sopheon internal processes and culture, employees shared the following: 

“The work is challenging… 
it doesn’t get dull!”

“We’re always upgrading 
[technologically] and 
playing with new tools.”

“It’s truly a team, you have 
a voice and are heard.”

“[Sopheon is] the most 
flexible and open company 
I’ve worked for.”

“As long as your work gets 
done, you have autonomy 
and flexibility.”

“Good people who are energetic 
and good to be around.”

Our People

Innovation Specialists with Deep Experience

We have long-term partnerships with some of the most admired innovators and domain experts in the world.  This 
has provided us the opportunity to learn, invest and continue to serve the needs of such market leaders.  It is this 
foundational expertise that has differentiated Sopheon from others in the market.  

Our clients tell us our people are caring, give them high marks for domain knowledge and commitment to their success.

•  “Sopheon set itself apart with the promise of best-practice content embedded in its software to guide us in defining 

our new processes, and its knowledgeable and highly responsive team.” (Endress+Hauser)

•  “We have found in Sopheon a professional, trustworthy and flexible partner who not only meets the regulatory 

requirements for hosting our sensitive project data but proved to have a deep understanding of our business needs 
and processes." (innoEnergy)

•  “You both have been extremely engaging and proactive in improving our environment.” (Fortune 500 consumer 

goods firm)

14

STRATEGIC REPORT

Commitment to Delivering Value

As we continue to grow our teams, we are taking measures to infuse both our culture and our domain experience 
into how we work.  We are in the second year of introducing our Value Assurance Approach (VAA) program.  As 
this expands, we are leveraging the client-facing aspects of the VAA to upgrade the level of prescriptive solutions 
we bring to our clients.  The VAA structure enables us to incorporate our learned experiences into the experience 
of the delivery team.  This creates operational efficiencies through reuse of content from one client to the next 
and reduces the risk of overrunning the contractual agreements that we have with our clients.  At the same time, 
it enables us to better assure that the client can achieve value in a shorter timeframe and focus on growing their 
process with support from Accolade as it matures.  Ultimately, this allows us to scale the delivery organization faster 
to support a growing client base and increase client satisfaction and client retention.

Our Product

Sopheon’s product team continues to move our offerings forward, updating legacy technology while making 
strategic advancements that will provide market differentiation well into the future.  Our solutions are unique in 
their end-to-end support of the innovation lifecycle, and the configurability that enables support for such a broad 
range of tangential business processes and applications.  We continue to maintain a regular release cadence, 
with three releases in 2019:

1. Accolade 12.2, released in January, introduced new levels of transparency, flexibility and governance to 

connect corporate strategic initiatives with operational execution.  Accolade 12.2 allowed an organization to 
connect its strategic initiatives with operational execution activities, giving the company a single version of 
the truth to:

- 

Increase strategy realization rates: Real-time information informs and enables faster responses and 
adjustments for maximizing success, addressing and mitigating problems and risks, or avoiding challenges 
and potential risks.
Improve financial and organizational performance to strategy.

- 
-  Reduce the latency time for decision making from historical planning cycles of 12 months to three months 

for revised planning, and from three weeks to one day for real-time portfolio reviews.

segmentation and product execution. The enhancements in Accolade 12.2 will help us navigate 
change more effectively as an organization and streamline our daily work on a team and 

“ Honeywell is excited by Accolade’s advances in support of enterprise adaptability, 
personal level so we can move the business forward more quickly.”

– Richard Heard,  
Director of Program Management Tools, Honeywell

2. Accolade 12.3, released in June, enabled local flexibility to react quickly to markets, eased risk 

management, and freed up teams for high-value contributions.  Accolade 12.3 allowed for more localized 
flexibility without compromise to corporate governance.

  New automation for known patterns of activity and deliverable dependencies reduced administrative burden 
and stress for users who are no longer required to create or monitor these critical relationships manually.

our users time in their work, while providing management of the information they need for 

“ We are very pleased with Accolade 12.3 advances in user friendliness that will save 
better decision making.”

– Tristen Branson,  
Product Innovation Manager, Australian Paper 

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

15

3. Accolade 13.0, released in December, balanced standardization and flexibility to enable acceleration of digital 
transformation and product innovation, allowed teams to complete their work productively and collaboratively 
in the same system of record thereby improving strategic alignment and transparency, and increased the 
speed of decision making to enable the realization of strategic goals.  This release enabled faster strategic 
pivots by providing our customers a competitive advantage that allows them the speed and adaptability to 
reorganize masses of corporate business data very quickly—within hours instead of weeks or months, and 
the flexibility that solves the age-old conflict between enforcing corporate governance while enabling business 
agility with managed independence at the “local” level.

“ Solvay has used Accolade for close to a decade. Today we are also users of the Google 

platform and the Google Sheets, Docs and Slides. Sopheon’s new Chrome Extension and 
the G Suite Add-Ons make it very easy for us to continue using both platforms seamlessly 
together. It couldn’t be easier – deliverable templates open in G Suite and we can save these 
back to Accolade directly with one click. The combination of Accolade 13.0 and Google is a 

great productivity solution for Solvay.”

– Pieter Ceelen,  
Senior Program Manager, Solvay Business Services

Our Clients

Sopheon is extremely proud of the quality of our blue-chip customer base.  Legendary brands to join the Sopheon 
fold in 2019 include Rolls Royce, Nouryon, GOJO and Nippon Paint among others.  These market leaders provide 
a strong revenue stream from ongoing maintenance renewals, plus the nature of the relationship offers potential 
for expanding our user base and application of our software into new areas of their business.  Sopheon’s solutions 
have been implemented by over 250 customers with over 60,000 users in over 50 countries.  Our client base of 
global innovation leaders has grown to be an additional differentiator for us as our clients increasingly benefit through 
collaboration, sharing and learning across this ecosystem.  This value is shared by longstanding clients and new 
clients coming into the Sopheon network alike. 

Client Product Uptake and Satisfaction 

Migration to current releases is strong

Our clients have become familiar with Sopheon’s release cadence and a strong majority upgrade to 
a supported release of Accolade to take advantage of new functionality and capabilities.  At the time 
of our 13.0 release in November 2019 this number stood over 90 percent.

Highest NPS score in Sopheon history

Our net promoter score reached a record high of 40 (up from 36 in 2018).  This score reflects our 
commitment to customer success.

We remain confident in our growth direction and work with passion to achieve the unique market opportunity in 
front of us.

A summary of the principal risk areas facing the business is set out in the Directors' Report.  Approved by the 
board and signed on its behalf by: 

Andy Michuda 
CEO

18 March 2020

 
16

FINANCIAL
REVIEW

In this report, our CFO Arif Karimjee provides further analysis of Sopheon’s financial 

results during 2019, our financial position at the end of the year, and an overview of key 
corporate developments.

Trading Performance

As highlighted by Barry in the Chairman’s Statement, financial performance during 

2019 showed a pause after many years of solid growth.  Consolidated revenue came in at 

$30.3m compared to $33.9m in 2018.  Approximately $0.5m of this can be attributed to a 
stronger dollar than the year before, but clearly this was not the major factor.  For additional context, revenue 
in 2017 was $28.5m, emphasizing the relatively lumpy revenue profile that is a consequence of our historically 
perpetual-oriented license model. 

In this regard, transactional revenue was the main cause of the gap, with perpetual licenses coming in at $5.4m 
compared to $8.9m the year before, and consulting services at $9.4m compared to $10.8m the previous year.  
Revenue recognized from recurring relationships – maintenance, hosting and SaaS – rose to $15.5m from 
$14.2m in 2018.  License order volume (including SaaS deals) was decent at 47 license transactions; although 
this was below the 57 achieved in 2018, the entire difference in this count was due to the slower first half – and 
in fact 23 deals were signed in November and December alone.  New customer acquisition held steady at 18, the 
same as 2018 and up from 13 in 2017. 

A lower average perpetual deal value also affected the final revenue figure; in the prior year we had five license 
orders above $0.5m in perpetual license value of which two were over $1m, one considerably so; in 2019 there 
were three over $0.5m, and none that exceeded $1m, though one came close.  As we note elsewhere, the 
sales funnel does include several larger opportunities; accordingly, we believe the impact on performance is 
a timing issue largely due to deferred deals. In some cases, Sopheon had already been selected as preferred 
vendor. As we’ve noted before, the reasons for the extended buying cycles vary.  Several were due to customer 
specific factors such as M&A, personnel changes or budget consideration impacting decision making.  In other 
cases, extra effort and decision cycles linked to a broader evaluation of Accolade as a platform purchase for the 
customer may have contributed; we are refining our sales approach to minimize such delays.  In addition, we had 
hired a number of new enterprise tier sales representatives, who while building pipeline have not yet contributed 
materially to bookings. 

Revenue recognized from recurring relationships – maintenance, 
hosting and SaaS – rose to $15.5m from $14.2m in 2018. License order 
volume (including SaaS deals) was decent at 47 license transactions; 
although this was below the 57 achieved in 2018, the entire difference 
in this count was due to the slower first half – and in fact 23 deals 
were signed in November and December alone.

STRATEGIC REPORT

17

SaaS and ARR

Although nine of the license orders signed last year were SaaS orders and we are seeing a clear acceleration 
of SaaS value in our pipeline, the total value of new SaaS business booked was of a similar magnitude in 2019 
as in 2018.  The value of new SaaS signings was offset in the second half by a major existing SaaS customer 
converting its license to perpetual, in conjunction with a large expansion of their license footprint.  While delighted 
with their vote of confidence in our platform, we note that this did not assist the overall ARR position.  Two other 
factors affected ARR growth – lower perpetual license revenues resulted in lower incremental maintenance, and 
recurring revenue attrition was approximately 6 percent compared to 3 percent in 2018, calculated on a gross 
basis.  The combined effect was to limit the rise in recurring revenue to $15.9m, up from $14.8m at the start of 
the year.  We do not believe these factors are symptomatic of a larger trend.  For example, attrition is typically 
due to factors outside our control such as M&A and corporate reorganizations.  Our customer base is generally 
happy, with our net promoter (“NPS”) surveys recording an overall NPS score of 40 compared to 36 in 2018, a 
very creditable score for a business solution.  While we have highlighted 18 new customers, it is important to 
note that 29 existing customers also signed license extension orders during the year. 

Seasonality and Geography

The overall calendarization pattern broadly held to past experience with the second half of the year accounting 
for 55 percent of revenues (2018: 53 percent and 2017: 56 percent).  As previously noted, the seasonal profile 
of our consulting business is less predictable as it is linked to timing of preceding license sales and the individual 
scale of implementation projects, which can vary depending on the maturity of each customer.  Maintenance and 
hosting revenue elements are more evenly spread as would be expected from their accounting treatment. 

The geographical footprint of the new customers we signed was balanced and global in nature, with signings 
in Thailand, Canada, Latin America, Japan and Turkey alongside signings across our more traditional US 
and European territories.  Our activities in Asia continue to be managed through partners while the broader 
Americas, Europe and Middle East markets are currently addressed by our direct sales teams.  Roughly one 
third of the license orders were in Europe in 2019, compared to around half in 2018.  Furthermore, all of the 
larger transactions were in North America in 2019, whereas the split in 2018 was more balanced across our two 
regions.  As a consequence, most of the revenue reduction was in the European segment.  Overall European 
revenues including recurring revenues were 32 percent of the total compared to 36 percent the year before.  
However, looking ahead, European opportunities represent around 38 percent of total pipeline value.  

The geographical footprint of the new customers we signed was 
balanced and global in nature, with signings in Thailand, Canada, 
Latin America, Japan and Turkey alongside signings across our more 
traditional US and European territories. Our activities in Asia continue to 
be managed through partners while the broader Americas, Europe and 
Middle East markets are currently addressed by our direct sales teams.  

Gross Margin

Gross margin was 70 percent, compared to 71 percent in 2018.  This remains well within the historical range and 
reflects the cost of our consulting organization – both payroll and subcontracted; costs and charges associated 
our hosting activities, some license royalties due to OEM partners and costs and credits relating to certain 
indirect taxes.  We expanded use of subcontractors last year as opposed to rehiring all departing consulting staff, 
allowing for greater flexibility.

18

STRATEGIC REPORT

Pipeline

Revenue visibility for the year now stands at $21.2m compared to $20.6m at this time a year ago.  As Barry noted 
earlier, in future we expect to focus increasingly on ARR rather than visibility as a metric of progress.  In addition, 
the pipeline has matured considerably since the start of 2019, with total value 50 percent higher year on year and 
one third of the total in advanced stages of the pipeline. 

Focusing on the deals where the pipeline already indicates a buying preference, approximately 45 percent of 
the software-related value represents SaaS opportunity as opposed to perpetual. This shape is reflected in our 
planning assumptions for 2020.  In this respect, our broad expectation is that the majority of new customers will 
opt for SaaS, and indeed we are now actively encouraging that path through internal “SaaS first” initiatives.  We 
expect the majority of existing customers to continue to opt for perpetual licensing as a natural extension of their 
existing licensed base.  That said, we are also developing a “cloud lift” program to encourage existing perpetual 
customers to upgrade their license to a hosted and managed service relationship with subscription aspects.  
Approximately one third of our perpetual customers already host with Sopheon.

Research and Development Expenditure

Overall expenditure in product development in 2019 increased by approximately $1.0m to $6.5m.  These 
amounts can be compared to the headline research and development reported in the income statement showing 
an increase from $5.1m to $5.7m; the differences are due to the effects of capitalization and amortization of 
development costs.  The additional spend reflects further recruitment of development resources during the year 
including design, architecture and coding expertise.  These resources have allowed an acceleration in delivery of 
Accolade capabilities, to meet our twin goals of market leadership from a functional standpoint, but also in terms 
of being a highly credible enterprise-class solution with the scalability, security and configurability required by 
global corporations.  To this we are now adding the evolution of the platform towards the requirements of SaaS 
and cloud.  Overall, the amount of 2019 research and development expenditure that met the criteria of IAS38 
for capitalization was $3.0m (2018: $2.6m) offset by amortization charges of $2.3m (2018: $2.2m).  The higher 
capitalization rate reflects the greater resources referred to above; the consequent impact on amortization will 
come through over time as the products are released.  Capitalized costs in 2019 are largely attributable to the 
group’s investment in the Accolade 12.3, 13.0 and 13.1 releases, the last of which is scheduled to be released in 
the first half of 2020.

The pipeline has matured considerably since the start of 2019, with 
total value 50 percent higher year on year and one third of the total in 
advanced stages…approximately 45 percent of the software-related 
value represents SaaS opportunity as opposed to perpetual. 

Other Operating Costs

As we have noted in previous reports, our greatest asset and our main expenditure is on our people, which is 
typical of most software businesses.  Payroll and related costs represent over three quarters of our cost base.   
Sopheon has a relatively mature and highly qualified blend of staff, reflecting the professional and intellectual 
demands of our chosen market.  Historically, we made a strategic decision to maintain technical resources 
onshore in the US, as we believe that until a certain scale is reached, the cost benefits of offshoring to locations 
like India are outweighed by management and productivity concerns.  This is starting to change, and we now 
have a small team working in India through an outsourcing firm to support both consulting and development 
efforts.  Nevertheless, direct hiring remains our main source of resources and we have steadily expanded staffing 
since 2016.  We ended last year with 162 staff, compared to 147 at the end of 2018 – many of whom were 
hired early in the year, reflected in an average headcount during the year of 160 (2018: 142).  During 2019, our 
improved hiring practices ensured a better fulfilment of our hiring ambitions than in earlier years, where slow 
hiring often resulted in lower costs than expected. 

STRATEGIC REPORT

19

The higher average headcount has resulted in higher overall wage costs as reported in Note 7 of the financial 
statements.  Payroll costs also include the cost of our corporate bonus scheme, for which all non-sales staff in 
the company are eligible.  The bonus is primarily linked to the achievement of annual EBITDA goals and is paid in 
the following year.  Bonus costs in a given year are allocated to the relevant categories of the income statement 
based on department.  

Specific comments regarding consulting operations and research and development costs are noted above.  
Overall costs in the sales and marketing area increased by approximately $0.2m.  This reflects an increase 
attributable to staff growth, offset by lower commission and incentive payments.  Several members of our direct 
sales team have been hired relatively recently and have been actively building pipeline, reflected in the growth 
described earlier.  We expect sales pipe conversion to gather pace in 2020. 

Headline administration costs have risen by approximately $0.3m.  This area includes all other overheads, office 
costs, regulatory and compliance costs, and depreciation – several of which expanded to keep pace with our 
growth.  It also includes the impact of the notional charge for share option grants, which is allocated entirely to 
this caption.  Although very limited option grants were made in 2019, the full year effect of grants made in 2018 
has fed through.  The administration line also reflects the impact of Sopheon’s adoption of IFRS 16, as further 
described in Note 1.  This has resulted in a reduction in lease and rental expenses of $0.7m, offset by increases 
in depreciation and interest of $0.7m and $0.1m respectively. 

With regard to foreign exchange, the group aims to incorporate a natural hedge through broadly matching 
revenues and costs within common currency entities, reducing the need for active currency management.  In 
addition, it is not the group’s policy to hedge currency cash holdings, but we do look to keep cash balances in 
local currency within an entity and to time currency purchases so as to minimize impacts on the individual income 
statements.  As Sterling strengthened during 2019, approximately $0.1m of exchange losses have been recorded 
and expensed during the year.

Results and Corporate Tax

Adjusted EBITDA (Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization) is a key indicator of 
the underlying performance of our business, commonly used in the technology sector.  It is also a key metric 
for management and the financial analyst community.  This measure is further defined and reconciled to profit 
before tax in Note 5.  The combined effect of the revenue and cost performance discussed above has resulted in 
Sopheon’s Adjusted EBITDA performance for 2019 moving to $6.4m, from $9.4m in 2018.  Limited influence of 
working capital movements has resulted in a similar reduction flowing through into cash generated from operating 
activities.  Profit before tax reduced to $2.4m (2018: $6.4m) with the larger movement due mainly to the higher 
amortization and depreciation flowing from our capitalization of intangibles and the adoption of IFRS 16. 

The tax charge of $0.4m (2018: $0.5m credit) reported in the income statement is made up of two main elements.  
Although Sopheon benefits from accumulated tax losses in a number of jurisdictions including at the US federal 
level, this is not universal, and accordingly a current tax charges of approximately $0.2m each were incurred 
in Germany and for state taxes in the US.  Both included some element of prior year adjustment, amounting to 
approximately $0.1m.  The credit in 2018 offset similar charges with an increase in recognition of the deferred 
tax asset owned by the business, and refunds of corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) in the US.  A total of 
$2.6m deferred tax asset is recognized at both 31 December 2018 and 2019, of a total potential asset of $10.6m 
(2018: $10.7m). 

Altogether this leads to a profit after tax of $2.0m (2018: $6.9m).  This has also resulted in profit per ordinary 
share on a fully diluted basis of 19 cents (2018: 65 cents).

20

STRATEGIC REPORT

Statement of Compliance with Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006

Recent legislation requires that directors include a separate statement in the annual report that explains how they 
have had regard to wider stakeholder needs when performing their duty under Section 172(1) of the Companies 
Act 2006.  This duty requires that a director of a company must act in the way he or she considers, in good faith, 
would be most likely to promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in 
doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to:

a) the likely consequences of any decision in the long term;
b) the interests of the company's employees;
c) the need to foster the company's business relationships with suppliers, customers and others;
d) the impact of the company's operations on the community and the environment;
e) the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and
f) the need to act fairly as between members of the company.

Guidance recommends that in connection with its statement, the board describe in general terms how key 
stakeholders, as well as issues relevant to key decisions, are identified, and also the processes for engaging 
with key stakeholders and understanding those issues.  It is the board’s view that these requirements are 
predominantly addressed in the corporate governance disclosures we have made in the directors’ report, which 
are themselves more extensively discussed on the company’s website. 

Guidance also recommends that more detailed description is limited to matters that are of strategic importance in 
order to remain meaningful and informative for shareholders.  The board believes that two decisions taken during 
the year fall into this category, and engaged with internal and external stakeholders on this.  These are:

•  The decision to migrate the group’s software licensing model towards one that is more subscription than perpetual 

based.  As described in the Chairman’s Statement and the Strategy & Market Review, the benefits of moving 
our revenue model to one which is subscription based and focusing on solutions that are designed to be run in 
the cloud will allow Sopheon to innovate more quickly, shorten the time it takes to acquire new customers and 
improve business predictability through replacing license spikes and troughs with recurring revenue. Though this 
could in the near term have the impact of reducing revenue, this would be in exchange for increasing recurring 
revenue in future periods and consequently a greater lifetime revenue from each customer.  This will ultimately 
benefit both customers and shareholders and is fully consistent with trends in the software industry. 

•  The decision to maintain the staff bonus, albeit substantially reduced for senior management.  The remuneration 
committee revisited bonus objectives after the revision of 2019 performance expectations and concluded that it 
was in the best interest of the company and of shareholders to recognize solid strategic progress, and maintain 
a regular award for the majority of staff in order to motivate our people in a competitive market.  Bonuses for 
senior staff, including directors, have been progressively reduced in line with seniority, resulting in a 50-60 percent 
reduction in bonuses earned at the top of the organization.

On the back of a very solid balance sheet, coupled with continued cash 
generation and continued business confidence, the board is pleased to 
maintain Sopheon’s dividend at 3.25 pence per share for the year ended 
31 December 2019 (2018: 3.25p).

STRATEGIC REPORT

21

Dividend

In spite of a challenging year, on the back of a very solid balance sheet, coupled with continued cash 
generation and continued business confidence, the board is pleased to maintain Sopheon’s dividend at  
3.25 pence per share for the year ended 31 December 2019 (2018: 3.25p).  Subject to approval by the 
company’s shareholders at the annual general meeting scheduled for 11 June 2020, the dividend will be paid 
on 10 July 2020 with a record date of 12 June 2020.

Facilities and Assets

The group’s $3m revolving line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank was renewed last year through February 
2020, with an improved interest rate of 3.75 percent, down from 7.25 percent, with a rolling annual renewal 
structure.  The facility was only used on demand, and there were no funds drawn at year end (31 December 
2018: $0.3m).  In view of net cash balances approaching $20m, the board has decided that the benefits of 
extending the facility do not merit the costs, and has therefore decided not to renew it.  Our relationship with 
Silicon Valley Bank remains strong with potential established for funding arrangements in connection with M&A 
or other corporate activity. 

In view of net cash balances approaching $20m, the board has decided 
that the benefits of extending the facility do not merit the costs, and 
has therefore decided not to renew it. Our relationship with Silicon 
Valley Bank remains strong with potential established for funding 
arrangements in connection with M&A or other corporate activity.

Intangible assets stood at $6.9m (2018: $6.2m) at the end of the year.  This includes (i) $5.9m being the net 
book value of capitalized research and development (2018: $5.2m) and (ii) an additional $1.0m (2018: $1.0m) 
being goodwill arising on acquisitions completed in previous years.  As indicated above in our discussion of 
research and development costs, capitalization and amortization have been broadly in balance for a number 
of years though a relatively small and temporary gap has opened up connected with the recent expansion of 
development resources.  Our spend on tangible fixed assets was held to $0.3m last year (2018: $0.4m) and this 
broadly equaled depreciation, resulting in net book value staying flat at $0.5m at the end of the year  
(2018: $0.5m). 

As we noted in our interim statement and in more detail in Note 1, the adoption of IFRS 16 requires lessees 
to recognize a lease liability that reflects future lease payments and a "right-of-use asset" in all lease contracts 
within scope, with no distinction between financing and operating leases. This has resulted in recognition of 
total right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $1.6m each at 31 December 2019.

Consolidated net assets at the end of the year stood at $27.9m (2018: $25.6m), an increase of $2.3m and 
including net current assets of $17.2m (2018: $16.1m).  Within the net current asset position, cash at  
31 December 2019 amounted to $19.4m (2018: $17.1m).  Approximately $9.2m was held in US Dollars, $9.0m 
in Euros and $1.2m in Sterling.  Net cash, stated after subtracting debt, rose from $16.7m the previous year 
to $19.4m at the end of 2019, as all debt (excluding notional debt from the adoption of IFRS 16) has been 
eliminated. 

Approved by the board and signed on its behalf by:

Arif Karimjee 
CFO

18 March 2020

22

GOVERNANCE

D I R E C T O R S   A N D   A D V I S O R S

Directors 

Barry K. Mence 
Andrew L. Michuda 
Arif Karimjee ACA 
Stuart A. Silcock FCA 
Daniel Metzger 

Executive Chairman 
Chief Executive Officer 
Finance Director
Non-executive Director 
Non-executive Director

Please refer to the inside back cover of this report for details of the  
professional background of each director.

Secretary 

Arif Karimjee

Registered Office 

Registered Name and Number 

Dorna House One
50 Guildford Road
West End, Surrey GU24 9PW

Sopheon plc
Registered in England and Wales  
No. 03217859

Auditors 

Principal Bankers and Financiers 

Solicitors and Attorneys 

AIM Nominated Adviser and Broker 

Registrars 

BDO LLP
55 Baker Street 
London W1U 7EU

Silicon Valley Bank 
3003 Tasman Drive 
Santa Clara, CA 95054 
United States 

Rabobank Amsterdam 
Van Baerlestraat 102-106 
1071 BC Amsterdam 
The Netherlands 

Squire Patton Boggs 
7 Devonshire Square 
Cutlers Gardens 
London EC2M 4YH 

Loyens & Loeff
Fred Roeskestraat 100
1076 ED Amsterdam
The Netherlands

finnCap Limited 
60 New Broad Street
London EC2M 1JJ

Link Asset Services
65 Gresham Street
London EC2V 7NQ

Silicon Valley Bank
Alphabeta
14-18 Finsbury Square 
London EC2A 1BR

Commerzbank
Rheinstrasse 14
64283 Darmstadt
Germany

Briggs and Morgan
2200 IDS Center, 80 South 8th Street
Minneapolis, MN 55402
United States

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

23

B O A R D   C O M M I T T E E   R E P O R T S

Remuneration Committee 

The remuneration committee of Sopheon plc is responsible for oversight of the contract terms, remuneration and other 
benefits for executive directors, including performance-related bonus schemes.  The committee comprises two non-
executive directors, D. Metzger and S.A. Silcock, together with B.K. Mence, other than in respect of his own remuneration.  
The committee makes recommendations to the board, within agreed parameters, on an overall remuneration package 
for executive directors and other senior executives in order to attract, retain and motivate high quality individuals capable 
of achieving the group’s objectives.  The package for each director consists of a basic salary, benefits and pension 
contributions, together with performance-related bonuses and share options on a case-by-case basis.  Consideration 
is given to pay and employment policies elsewhere in the group, especially when considering annual salary increases.  
From time to time, the remuneration committee may take advice from appropriate remuneration consultants or consult 
benchmarking data.

Contracts

The service contract between the company and Mr. Michuda is terminable on up to three months’ notice, with an additional 
twelve months’ salary in lieu of notice due by the company in the event of termination without cause.  Service contracts 
between the company and the other executive directors are terminable on six to nine months’ notice.

Fees for Non-executive Directors

The fees for non-executive directors are determined by the board.  The non-executive directors are not involved in any 
discussions or decisions about their own remuneration.

Directors’ Remuneration

Set out below is a summary of the fees and emoluments received by all directors during the year, translated where 
applicable into US Dollars at the average rate for the period.  Benefits primarily comprise healthcare insurance and similar 
expenses.  Details of directors’ interests in shares and options are set out in the Directors’ Report.

Pay and 
Fees 
2019 
$ 

Bonus  Benefits 
2019 
$ 

2019 
$ 

  Pay and
Fees 
2018 
$ 

Total 
2019 
$ 

Bonus 
2018 
$ 

Benefits 
2018 
$ 

Total
2018
$

Executive Directors

B.K. Mence 
A.L. Michuda 
A. Karimjee 

Non-executive Directors

S.A. Silcock 
D. Metzger 

203 
330 
196 

33 
33 

795 

38 
63 
37 

- 
- 

138 

12 
11 
5 

- 
- 

28 

253 
404 
238 

33 
33 

961 

206 
320 
196 

34 
34 

790 

97 
155 
75 

- 
- 

7 
12 
5 

- 
- 

310
487
276

34
34

327 

24 

1,141

The remuneration committee establishes the objectives that must be met for each financial year if a cash bonus is to be 
paid.  With the principal exception of members of Sopheon’s sales teams, for whom incentives are tied to individual or 
territory results, the committee concluded that the cash incentive should be tied to the financial performance of the group 
as a whole, and in 2018 and 2019 these objectives were set with regard to EBITDA performance.  These measures were 
applied to all members of the executive board and management committee of the group, as well as the majority of the 
group’s employees.

In addition to the amounts disclosed above, pension contributions are made to individual directors’ personal pension 
schemes.  During 2019 contributions of $8,963, $3,599 and $9,187 (2018: $9,331, $4,527 and $9,175) were paid 
respectively to the pension schemes of B.K. Mence, A.L. Michuda and A. Karimjee.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24

GOVERNANCE

Performance Graph

The following graph shows the company’s share price performance on AIM since January 2014, in UK pence, compared 
with the performance of the FTSE AIM All Share index, which has been selected for this comparison as it is a broad-
based index which the directors believe most closely reflects the performance of companies with similar characteristics 
as the group’s.  Historical share prices have been adjusted to reflect the net 20:1 share consolidation performed by the 
group during 2013. 

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Jan 14

July 14

Jan 15

July 15

Jan 16

July 16

Jan 17

July 17

Jan 18

July 18

Jan 19

July 19

Jan 20

Sopheon 
Share Price

AIM All-Share
Rebase

Directors’ Interests

The interests of the directors, who held office at the end of the year, in the share capital of the company were as follows:

At 31 December    

B.K. Mence    
A.L. Michuda     
A. Karimjee    
S.A. Silcock    
D. Metzger    

Share Options   

       Ordinary Shares

2019  

2018  

2019  

2018

24,250  
290,000  
85,000 
-  
-  

24,250  
290,000  
85,000 
-  
-  

2,228,537  
84,155 
82,493 
520,318 
5,000  

2,228,537
84,155 
82,493 
520,318 
5,000

With respect to the interests stated above for B.K. Mence, S.A Silcock and A. Karimjee, their respective spouses are 
the beneficial owners of 15,575, 8,875 and 32,493 ordinary shares each.  An additional 11,250 of the ordinary shares 
disclosed for S. A. Silcock are held as trustee or executor for family members.  Accordingly, the personal interest of  
B.K. Mence is in 2,212,962, S.A. Silcock in 500,193 and A. Karimjee in 50,000 ordinary shares. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

25

The following table provides information for each of the directors who held office during the year and held options to 
subscribe for Sopheon ordinary shares.  All options were granted without monetary consideration.

Date of 
Grant 

Exercise 
Price 

At 31 
December 
2018 

Granted 
During 
Year 

Expired 
During 
Year 

At 31
December
2019

B.K. Mence  
B.K. Mence   
A.L. Michuda  
A.L. Michuda  
A.L. Michuda   
A.L. Michuda   
A.L. Michuda  
A.L. Michuda  
A. Karimjee   
A. Karimjee  
A. Karimjee   
A. Karimjee   
A. Karimjee   
A. Karimjee  
A. Karimjee  

29 September 2012  
5 December 2013  
29 September 2012  
5 December 2013  
8 April 2016  
15 February 2017  
11 February 2018  
4 July 2018  
27 August 2010         

29 September 2012  
5 December 2013   
8 April 2016  
15 February 2017  
11 February 2018  
4 July 2018  

105p  
85p  
105p  
85p  
87.5p  
467.5p  
565p  
900p  
150p              
105p  
85p  
87.5p  
467.5p  
565p  
900p  

6,125  
18,125  
100,880  
49,000  
15,120  
25,000  
50,000  
50,000  
7,500   
3,125  
26,875  
5,850  
11,650  
15,000  
15,000  

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

6,125
18,125
100,880
49,000
15,120
25,000
50,000
50,000
7,500
3,125
26,875
5,850
11,650
15,000
15,000

Vesting of all of the above share options which were outstanding at 31 December 2019 is in three equal tranches on the 
first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant and all such options expire on the tenth anniversary of the date 
of grant.  The mid-market price of Sopheon ordinary shares at 31 December 2019 was 640p.  During the financial year 
the mid-market price of Sopheon ordinary shares ranged from 615p to 1,345p.  Save as disclosed above, no director 
(or member of his family) or connected persons has any interest, beneficial or non-beneficial, in the share capital of the 
company.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee, which includes all of the non-executive directors and is chaired by Stuart Silcock, considers and 
determines actions regarding any control or financial reporting issues they have identified, or that have been raised by 
the auditors.  During the year, the Audit Committee met twice, and the external auditor and Executive Directors were 
invited to attend these meetings.  Consideration was given to the external auditor’s post-audit reports and these provide 
opportunities to review the accounting policies, internal control and financial information contained in both the annual and 
interim reports, as well as the independence of the external auditor.  The committee chair is also able to meet with the 
auditors independently if required.

Approved by the board on 18 March 2020 and signed on its behalf by:

A. Karimjee 
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26

GOVERNANCE

D I R E C T O R S ’   R E P O R T

The group’s principal activities during the year continued to focus on the provision of software and services for complete 
Enterprise Innovation Management solutions.  The Chairman’s Statement on page 6 includes reference to the group’s 
future prospects.  In view of the fact that approximately two-thirds of the group’s revenues and staff are based in the 
United States, the group’s financial statements are presented in US Dollars.  The board is pleased to recommend a 
final dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019 of 3.25 pence per share (2018: 3.25 pence per share), 
amounting to £331,000 (2018: £330,000).

Directors

The directors who served during the year are disclosed in the Board Committee Reports.

Corporate Governance

The Sopheon board is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance.  Following recent changes to 
AIM Rule 26, AIM quoted companies are required to adopt and give details of the corporate governance code which they 
have adopted and to show how they are following it.  In September 2018, the board adopted the Quoted Companies 
Alliance’s (QCA) Corporate Governance Code for small and mid-size quoted companies (the “QCA Code”).

Of the recognized codes generally adhered to by AIM companies, the QCA Code has been drafted with smaller 
businesses in mind, with a pragmatic and principles-based approach.  It was therefore deemed by the board to be the 
most suitable.

In 2017 the board had already established an internal project to update its internal risk management procedures with a 
new enterprise risk framework based on the provisions proposed by COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of 
the Treadway Commission) with a view to incorporating a formal risk review agenda point in each board meeting.  The 
adoption of the QCA Code has reinforced the underpinnings for this project and key principles of the Code have been 
incorporated into the risk management process.  In addition, the adoption of the QCA Code has resulted in the board 
preparing new terms of reference for its two key board committees (the Audit Committee and the Remuneration and 
Appointments Committees) as well as a new schedule of matters reserved for the board of directors.  

Solid corporate governance is the foundation on which the business is managed, and this is supported by the range 
of talents of the directors.  Biographies of the directors appear inside the back cover and demonstrate a range of 
experience and caliber to bring the right level of independent judgment to Sopheon’s business.  Ensuring financial 
strength alongside growth objectives is a key guiding principle, supported by an effort to ensure solid communication with 
shareholders.

The chairman is responsible for leading the board and for its overall effectiveness in directing the group, and for ensuring 
that the board implements, maintains and communicates effective corporate governance processes and for promoting a 
culture of openness and debate designed to foster a positive governance culture throughout the group.

The board is responsible for the group’s system of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness.  Such a system 
can only provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss.  The board believes that 
the group has internal control systems in place appropriate to the size and nature of its business.  The board is satisfied 
that the scale of the group’s activities does not warrant the establishment of an internal audit function.  The board is also 
responsible for identifying the major business risks faced by the group and for determining the appropriate course of 
action to manage those risks.  Formal meetings are held quarterly to review strategy, management and performance of 
the group, with additional meetings between those dates convened as necessary.  During 2019, all directors attended all 
quarterly meetings either in person or by conference call.  

The QCA Code identifies ten principles that focus on the pursuit of medium- to long-term value for shareholders without 
stifling entrepreneurial spirit. Sopheon’s adoption of the QCA principles is summarized in the table below.  Further details 
are made available on our website at www.sopheon.com/board-governance.   

GOVERNANCE

27

QCA Principle

Sopheon Adoption

1.  Establish a strategy 
and business model 
which promote 
long-term value for 
shareholders

Sopheon’s mission is to help our customers achieve exceptional long-term growth 
and profitability through sustainable innovation.  Our guiding philosophy is to balance 
aggressive growth strategies with a focus on profitability, while also ensuring long-term 
financial stability.  We believe the combination of these three factors will maximize long-
term value for shareholders.  Full information on the group’s strategy and business 
model can be found in the Strategic Report on pages 6 to 21.

2.  Seek to understand 

and meet shareholder 
needs and expectations

The board engages with shareholders and the broader investment community via 
a variety of channels and activities including the annual general meeting, updates 
to shareholders via reporting and the regulatory news service, and institutional 
presentations.  The Chairman and CFO are the primary contacts for investor interaction 
alongside finnCap, with the CEO ensuring availability to meet investors when visiting 
Europe from his US base.

3.  Take into account wider 

stakeholder and social 
responsibilities and 
their implications for 
long-term success

Sopheon’s culture is very open and this includes reaching out and seeking feedback 
and insights from our various stakeholders.  In addition to the investor outreach 
described above, key practical elements of this philosophy for other stakeholders 
include having a flat organization with few tiers of management, meeting regularly; 
all-hands communications via web-meetings; customer engagement through account 
management, satisfaction surveys and user forum events; and broader market 
engagement through close relationships with sector analysts such as Gartner and 
Forrester Research. 

4.  Embed effective 

risk management, 
considering both 
opportunities and 
threats, throughout  
the organization

The board is responsible for identifying the major business risks faced by the group and 
for determining the appropriate course of action to manage those risks.  In 2017 the 
board adopted a framework for the effective identification, assessment, and management 
of risks to the achievement of corporate objectives.  The risk management process is 
managed in Accolade and is embedded in our quarterly meeting cycle.  The risks that 
the board consider to be principal risks to the group’s business are set out on page 28. 

5.  Maintain the board 

as a well-functioning, 
balanced team led by 
the chair

The QCA Code requires that boards have an appropriate balance between executive 
and non-executive directors and that each board should have at least two independent 
directors.  The board is made up of three executive directors and two non-executive 
directors.  The two non-executive directors are mature, experienced and independent 
persons who have each succeeded in their own businesses and are not dependent 
upon income from the group.  They have developed a strong and detailed understanding 
of the business, and are prepared and able to intervene and challenge the executive 
directors.

6.  Ensure that between 

them the directors have 
the necessary up-to-
date experience, skills 
and capabilities

Details of the background and experience of the directors of the company are set out 
inside the back cover of this report.  These demonstrate that our team collectively has 
the necessary skills and experiences, as well as the required caliber, to carry out the 
group’s strategy and business model effectively.  With regard to the non-executive 
directors, one is a financial specialist and the other is an industry specialist, and both 
have prior experience of working in a public company environment.  Furthermore, one is 
America based and the other Europe based, reflecting the geographical footprint of the 
group. 

7.  Evaluate board 
performance 
based on clear and 
relevant objectives, 
seeking continuous 
improvement

A board self-evaluation process led by the chairman takes place in July each year, 
using a QCA-sponsored questionnaire and process.  Low scoring or divergent scoring 
responses are discussed, with gaps and actions for improvement identified.  The first 
such formal process was conducted in 2018 and the board has agreed that this should 
be an annual event.

8.  Promote a corporate 
culture that is based 
on ethical values and 
behaviors

Sopheon’ core values statement and guiding principles, developed by the extended 
management team, support the group’s culture with a strong footing in ethical values.  
These are reinforced in the staff handbook and the staff appraisal and development 
process, which formally embeds cultural and ethical considerations as part of each 
employee’s self-evaluation. 

9.  Maintain governance 

structures and 
processes that are 
fit for purpose and 
support good decision-
making by the board

Formal board meetings are held quarterly to review strategy, management and 
performance of the group, with additional meetings between those dates convened as 
necessary.  We have two board committees, the Audit Committee and the Remuneration 
and Appointments Committee.  The terms of reference of both these committees of the 
board have been revised to reflect the principles of the QCA Code and are available 
online. 

10.  Communicate how the 
company is governed 
and is performing by 
maintaining a dialog 
with shareholders 
and other relevant 
stakeholders

The group’s approach to investor and shareholder engagement is described under 
Principle 2 above.  Annual reports, Annual General Meeting notices, regulatory 
announcements, trading updates and other governance-related materials since the year 
2000 are available from the group’s website.

28

GOVERNANCE

Post Balance Sheet Events

There are no post balance sheet events that warrant disclosure in the financial statements.

Research and Development

A summary of research and development activities and the key benefits and enhancements to the Sopheon Accolade 
solution is set out in the Strategic Report.  A summary of the expenditure incurred and the accounting treatment thereof is 
set out in the Financial Review of the Strategic Report.

Principal Risk Areas

As with any business at its stage of development, Sopheon faces a number of risks and uncertainties.  The board 
monitors these risks on a regular basis.  The key areas of risk identified by the board are summarized below.

Sopheon’s markets are emerging and this means that Sopheon's growth may be erratic.  The broad market for Sopheon’s 
software products continues to emerge and evolve, and the timing and size of individual sales can have a substantial 
impact on performance in a given period.  Sopheon has formalized processes for soliciting input to product strategy from 
analysts and customers, while also capitalizing on the group’s leadership in key market areas.  Sopheon also seeks to 
improve revenue predictability by introducing specific initiatives to balance efforts between new customer acquisition and 
meeting the needs of existing customers.  Sopheon’s consistently growing recurring revenue base should also improve 
revenue predictability. 

Sopheon’s prospects for achieving sustained and growing profitability are dependent on correctly aligning investments 
with sales.  Sopheon’s ability to continue to finance its investments at the optimal pace is dependent on the group 
maintaining profitability and sales growth alongside its investment strategy or having appropriate financial resources in 
place to invest with confidence.  Sopheon has sought to focus its resources on the sub-segments that it believes offer the 
best opportunities for growth.  Sopheon management carefully monitors short- and medium-term financing requirements 
and has regularly raised additional funding resources to meet requirements.

Some of Sopheon’s competitors and potential competitors have greater resources than Sopheon.  Sopheon remains a 
relatively small organization by global standards.  Its resources are small compared to those of many larger companies 
that are capable of developing competitive solutions and it can be difficult to overcome the marketing engine of a large 
global firm.  Sopheon seeks to compete effectively with such companies by keeping its market communications focused, 
clear and consistent with its product and market strategy, and working to deliver first class quality of execution so that 
referenceability of the customer base is maximized.  Sopheon’s use of an agile development methodology with deep 
customer involvement is a key plank in this approach.

Sopheon is dependent upon skilled personnel, the loss of whom could have a material impact.  While service agreements 
have been entered into with key executives, retention of key members of staff cannot be guaranteed and departure of 
such employees could be damaging in the short term.  In addition, the competition for qualified employees continues to be 
difficult and retaining key employees has remained challenging.  As a relatively small business, Sopheon is more exposed 
to this risk than some of its larger competitors.  Sopheon management checks staff remuneration against recognized 
benchmarks and other industry sources and seeks to maintain pay at competitive levels appropriate to its business.

Sopheon will require relationships with partners who are able to market and implement its products.  Historically, Sopheon 
has devoted substantial resources to the direct marketing of its products, and its strategy to enter into strategic alliances 
and other collaborative relationships to widen the customer base and create a broad sales and implementation channel 
for its products is not yet mature.  The successful implementation of this strategy is crucial to Sopheon’s prospects and 
its ability to scale effectively.  However, Sopheon cannot be sure that it will select the right partners, or that the partners 
it does select will devote adequate resources to promoting, selling and becoming familiar with Sopheon's products.  Over 
the years, Sopheon has built up a network of both resellers and consulting partners, however this has yet to mature and 
the revenues delivered through these relationships remain a relatively modest part of the total.

Sopheon could be subject to claims for damages in connection with its products and services.  Sopheon may be exposed 
to claims for damages from customers in the event that there are errors in its software products, should support and 
maintenance service level agreements fail to meet agreed criteria, or should the security features of its software or hosting 
services fail.  Sopheon has sought to protect itself from such risks through excellent development methodologies and 
high-quality operating procedures, its contract terms and insurance policies.  Sopheon has never had any such claims.

GOVERNANCE

29

Auditors

All of the current directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any 
information needed by the company’s auditors for the purposes of their audit and to ensure that the auditors are 
aware of that information.  The directors are not aware of any relevant audit information of which the auditors are 
unaware.  A resolution to reappoint BDO LLP as auditors will be put to the members at the Annual General Meeting.

Financial Instruments

Details of the group’s financial instruments and its policies with regard to financial risk management are given in  
Note 22 to the financial statements.

Brexit

The United Kingdom (‘UK’) formally left the European Union (‘EU’) on 31 January 2020.  The period of time from 
when the UK voted to exit the EU on 23 June 2016 and the formal process initiated by the UK government to 
withdraw from the EU, or Brexit, created volatility in the global financial markets. The UK now enters a transition 
period, being an intermediary arrangement covering matters like trade and border arrangements, citizens’ rights and 
jurisdiction on matters including dispute resolution, taking account of The EU (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, which 
ratified the Withdrawal Agreement, as agreed between the UK and the EU.  The transition period is currently due 
to end on 31 December 2020 and ahead of this date, negotiations are ongoing to determine and conclude a formal 
agreement between the UK and EU on the aforementioned matters.

The directors currently deem that the effects of the UK’s current transitional period outside the EU and the impact 
of ongoing discussions with the EU will not have a significant impact on the group and company’s operations due 
to the global geographical footprint of the business and the nature of is operations.  However, the directors and 
management are constantly monitoring the situation to manage the risk of the return of any volatility in the global 
financial markets and impact on global economic performance.

Other Matters

The directors are continuing to monitor the effects of the outbreak of COVID-19 on the group and have implemented 
plans related to maintaining effective business continuity, to ensure there is no material impact in the company’s 
operations and working capital.

Substantial Shareholdings

The directors are aware of the following persons who as at 18 March 2020 were interested directly or indirectly in  
3 percent or more of the company’s issued ordinary shares:

Name
Rivomore Limited and Myrtledare Corp. 
B.K. Mence (director) 
S.A. Silcock (director) 
Universal-Investment-GmbH 

No. of 
Ordinary Shares 

% Issued
Ordinary Shares

2,428,711 
2,228,537 
520,318 
516,681 

23.9
21.9
  5.1
  5.1

S.A. Silcock’s and B.K. Mence’s interests represent direct beneficial holdings as well as those of their families.

Approved by the board on 18 March 2020 and signed on its behalf by:

A. Karimjee 
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30

GOVERNANCE 

S T A T E M E N T   O F   D I R E C T O R S ’   R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S   I N 

R E S P E C T   O F   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S T A T E M E N T S

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the directors 
have elected to prepare the group and company financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.  Under company law the directors must not approve 
the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group 
and company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period.  The directors are also required to prepare financial 
statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on the 
Alternative Investment Market.

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•  state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject to 

any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company 

will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company 
and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  
They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Website Publication

The directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report is made available on a website.  Annual reports are 
published on the company's website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions.  The maintenance and 
integrity of the company's website is the responsibility of the directors.  The directors’ responsibility also extends to the 
ongoing integrity of the annual reports contained therein.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC

31

I N D E P E N D E N T   A U D I T O R S ’   R E P O R T   T O   T H E   M E M B E R S   O F 

S O P H E O N   P L C

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of Sopheon plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for 
the year ended 31 December 2019 which comprise the consolidated income statement, consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income, consolidated and company balance sheets, consolidated and company cash flow statements, 
consolidated and company statement of changes in equity, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary 
of significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is applicable 
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the 
parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

In our opinion:

•  the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs 

as at 31 December 2019 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended;

•  the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 

European Union;

•  the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 

the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

•  the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law.  Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the financial statements section of our report.  We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical 
Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements.  We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion.

Conclusions Relating to Going Concern

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to 
you where:

•  the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not 

appropriate; or

•  the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast 

significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis  
of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorized 
for issue.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, 
the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team.  These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

 
32

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC 

Key audit matter

How the key audit matter was addressed in 
our audit

Revenue Recognition

See accounting policy in Note 2 on 
page 42 and Revenue from contracts 
with customers in Note 4 on page 48.

The group, as a software business, 
generates revenue primarily from the 
sale of licenses, related maintenance/
support contracts and service income. 

We considered there to be a significant 
audit risk arising from inappropriate or 
incorrect recognition of revenue. 

The risk of material misstatement in 
relation to revenue recognition concerns 
the recognition around the year end, 
particularly in relation to license sales.   
License sales require a key code to be 
provided to the customer, which enables 
access to the Accolade software.  This 
in turn provides evidence of delivery 
to the customer in relation to the 
contractual performance obligation. 

Further in line with IFRS 15 there is 
a risk that accounts receivable and 
deferred income are shown gross in the 
financial statements where there is not 
an unconditional right to consideration.

For these reasons revenue recognition 
is considered to be a key audit matter.

Revenue recognition is one of the primary focuses of the 
engagement team.  During the planning phase, discussions 
are held in relation to the revenue approach, and the senior 
members of the audit team are responsible for procedures 
that are performed around revenue.

In order to assess the appropriateness of the processes and 
controls in place that impact upon revenue recognition, we 
performed walkthroughs involving understanding the design of 
the controls over the group’s revenue cycle and checking that 
those controls appear to have been implemented.

Our audit procedures included assessing the adequacy of 
the revenue recognition policy, in line with IFRS as adopted 
by the European Union, with particular consideration given to 
IFRS 15.

For each of the revenue streams, licenses, maintenance and 
service revenues, we selected a sample of contracts entered 
in to during the year for testing, ensuring that all material 
contracts were captured in the selection process.  We 
assessed whether the revenue recognized was in line with 
the contractual terms, the group’s revenue recognition policy 
and the relevant accounting standards.

To address the risk of revenue being recognized in the 
incorrect financial year, in relation to license contract revenue, 
we obtained support for a sample of binding contracts that 
were entered into and confirmed that the delivery of the 
Accolade license key was before the year-end, and therefore 
recognized in the appropriate period. 

For the maintenance and service contracts that we selected 
we ensured the methodology applied in accounting for 
accrued and deferred revenue on these contracts was in line 
with the contractual terms and stage of completion of the 
project, where appropriate.

We ensured that for the growing number of software as 
a service (SaaS) contracts supplied by the group where 
Sopheon hosts the offering, a sample of contracts were 
obtained, and the revenue recognition, to recognize the 
revenue over the lifetime of the contract, was confirmed as 
appropriate. 

Finally, our procedures, in relation to IFRS 15, also 
considered the presentation of trade receivable and contract 
liabilities to ensure that both balances reflect the required 
presentation position.  This being the earlier of either, the 
date the payment becomes due (i.e. when the ‘receivable’ is 
recognized), or the date the goods or services are delivered 
(i.e. when a ‘contract asset’ is recognized).

Key observations:

Based on the procedures performed, we noted no instances 
of material misstatements in the year.  

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC

33

Key audit matter

How the key audit matter was 
addressed in our audit

Intangible Assets: Development Costs, 
Amortization and Impairment

See accounting policy in Note 2 and intangible 
assets Note 14 on pages 44 and 54 respectively.

The group capitalizes costs in relation to the 
development of the software provided to its clients, 
being the Accolade platform as defined on page 8. 

In accordance with IAS 38, management’s policy is 
to capitalize development expenditure on internally 
developed software products if the costs can be 
measured reliably and the resulting asset meets 
the criteria per the standard.

Development costs not satisfying the above criteria 
and expenditure on the research phase of internal 
projects are recognized in the income statement as 
incurred.

Capitalized development costs are amortized 
over the period within which the group expects to 
benefit from selling the product developed.  This is 
deemed to be four years.

The senior members of the audit team are 
responsible for completing the work in relation 
to capitalized development costs.  The testing 
strategy involves engaging with individuals working 
out of different components within the group. 

We considered whether the development costs 
capitalized met the criteria for capitalization under 
IAS 38 and subsequently whether the mechanics 
over capturing time spent and translating that 
cost into an accounting entry operated accurately. 
Utilizing the underlying timecard information for 
a sample of items, the underlying hours and cost 
were agreed back through to the timecard system.

Any capitalized projects with a material net book 
value (“NBV”) on the balance sheet were selected 
for testing.  An understanding was gained over 
the stage of development of the product by 
reviewing the underlying timecard information. In 
addition the ability for the asset to generate future 
economic benefits for the business was assessed 
by analyzing future expected cashflows and the 
percentage of customers who upgrade to the latest 
version on release. 

There is a risk that the criteria outlined under  
IAS 38 are not met and therefore development 
costs are incorrectly capitalized.  Further, a risk 
exists that assets not available for use have not 
been impaired as required.

For each intangible asset all inputs were agreed 
back to supporting documentation for each of 
the samples selected for testing, ensuring the 
existence and accuracy of the intangible asset 
created.

Both of these factors indicate that this is a key 
audit matter due to the focus of resources and the 
time apportioned to this area of the audit.

As an extension of the above, we revisited 
management’s estimate of the amortization period 
applied to the asset, establishing whether any 
requirements of impairment exist in relation to 
older versions of Accolade.

Finally, in line with IAS 36 we ensured that 
assets that were not yet available for use (such 
as projects in development) had undertaken an 
impairment review as required.  There were no 
instances where this was an issue in the year.

Key observations:

Based on the procedures performed, we noted no 
instances of material misstatements in the year. 

34

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC 

Our Application of Materiality

We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of 
misstatements. At the planning stage we set an overall level of materiality for the financial statements as a whole based 
on our understanding of the elements of the financial statements that are likely to be of greatest significance to users.  
In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any misstatements exceed materiality, we use a 
lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed.  Importantly, misstatements 
below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of identified 
misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial 
statements as a whole.

We determined materiality for the group financial statements as a whole to be $302,000 (2018: $341,000) which 
represents 1 percent of revenue (2018: 1 percent of revenue).  We used revenue as a benchmark as this is the primary 
KPI which is used to address the performance of the business by the board, and is consistently referenced within the 
RNS announcements released by the group, in addition to new contract wins, both of which feed into the revenue figure.

Performance materiality was set at 70 percent (2018: 70 percent) due to the fact that there are multiple components 
within the group.  Additionally there are a select number of  areas included in the accounts which are subject to 
estimates. Materiality for the parent company was set at 65 percent of group materiality paying due consideration to 
aggregation risk in relation to group materiality, being $196,000 (2018: 65 percent of group materiality, being $220,000). 

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report all individual audit differences in excess of $12,000 (2018: 
$17,000) as well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.

An Overview of the Scope of Our Audit

Our group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the group and its environment and assessing the risks 
of material misstatement at the group level.  The group consists of seven entities based in Europe and North America.  
There are two entities based in the UK, one being the holding company.  Further to this there are two trading entities 
incorporated in Europe based in Germany and the Netherlands, with the remaining three trading entities incorporated in 
the USA. 

Based on our assessment of the group and consistent with the prior year, we focused our group audit scope primarily 
over the significant components, being Sopheon plc, Sopheon UK Limited, Sopheon NV and Sopheon Corporation, 
Minnesota.  For these significant components BDO LLP completed detailed audit testing, and performed desktop reviews 
for the remaining group entities.

At the parent entity level we also tested the consolidation process including consolidation adjustments and journals, 
performed our work on all key judgements areas and carried out analytical procedures to confirm our conclusion 
that there were no significant risks of material misstatement of the aggregated financial information of the remaining 
components not subject to audit.  

The graphs below demonstrate the coverage of our audit work over the components within the group.  Revenue has 
been tested in detail across each entity within the group, regardless of the level of review performed in relation to that 
entity.  The full scope audit work performed has therefore provided coverage over 99 percent of the group from a revenue 
perspective, and also covers 95 percent of the total assets of the group.  The elements of the group that were not 
covered by full scope work were reviewed to group materiality.

0.2%

4.9%

Revenue

Net assets/
liabilities

99.8%

95.1%

Full audit scope

Covered at group level

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC

35

Other Information

The directors are responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises the information included in 
the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditors’ report thereon.  Our opinion on the financial 
statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do 
not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing 
so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge 
obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  If we identify such material inconsistencies or 
apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial 
statements or a material misstatement of the other information.  If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  We have nothing to 
report in this regard.

Opinions on Other Matters Prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

•  the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial 

statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

•  the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on Which We are Required to Report by Exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in 
the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion:

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have 

not been received from branches not visited by us; or

•  the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of Directors

As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the financial statements set out on 
page 30, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going 
concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion.  
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.

36

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF SOPHEON PLC

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could 
reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting 
Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.  This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of Our Report

This report is made solely to the Parent Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 
of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Parent Company’s 
members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Parent Company and the 
Parent Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Iain Henderson (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor
London
United Kingdom

18 March 2020

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127).

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

37

C O N S O L I D A T E D   I N C O M E   S T A T E M E N T

F O R   T H E   Y E A R   E N D E D   3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 9

Revenue 
Cost of sales      

Gross profit 

Sales and marketing expense      
Research and development expense     
Administrative expense      

Operating profit 

Finance income 
Finance expense   

Profit before tax       

Income tax (charge)/credit        

Profit for the year   

Earnings per share

Basic (US cents) 

Fully diluted (US cents) 

Notes 

3, 4 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

30,254 
(9,043) 

33,922
(9,916) 

21,211 

24,006

(8,806)  
(5,682)  
(4,305)  

(8,552)
(5,078) 
(3,995)  

2,418 

6,381 

8 
9    

5 

166 
(127) 

102 
(77)

2,457 

6,406

10    

(409)  

514

2,048 

6,920

12 

12 

20.16c 

68.60c

19.20c 

64.98c

C O N S O L I D A T E D   S T A T E M E N T   O F   C O M P R E H E N S I V E   I N C O M E 

F O R   T H E   Y E A R   E N D E D   3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 9

Profit for the year 

Other comprehensive expense
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss: 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

2019 
$’000 

2,048 

2018
$’000

6,920

(41) 

(314) 

2,007 

6,606

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

C O N S O L I D A T E D   A N D   C O M P A N Y   B A L A N C E   S H E E T S   A T   

3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 9

Assets

Non-current Assets
Property, plant and equipment        
Right-of-use assets   
Intangible assets   
Investments in subsidiaries   
Deferred tax asset   
Other receivables   

Group 

Company 

Notes 

2019 
$’000 

2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

13  
21  
14  
15  
10  
16  

510  
1,553  
6,874  
-  
2,557  
123  

532  
-  
6,206  
-  
2,557  
227  

-  
-  
-  
8,084  
-  
14,793  

-
-
-
7,814
- 
5,793

Total non-current assets    

11,617 

9,522 

22,877 

13,607 

Current Assets
Trade and other receivables   
Cash and cash equivalents   

17  
18  

13,000 
19,433 

13,997 
17,086 

105 
2,636 

Total current assets    

32,433 

31,083 

2,741 

96
3,076

3,172

Total assets  

Liabilities

Current Liabilities
Trade and other payables   
Borrowings   
Lease liabilities    
Contract liabilities 

Total current liabilities    

Non-current Liabilities
Borrowings   
Lease liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities    

Total liabilities    

Net assets  

Equity

Share capital   
Capital reserves   
Translation reserve    
Retained profits    

Total equity    

44,050 

40,605 

25,618 

16,779

19  
20  
21 
4 

20  
21 

4,238 
- 
643 
10,337 

5,621 
355 
- 
9,035 

15,218 

15,011 

- 
936 

936 

- 
- 

- 

382 
- 
- 
- 

382 

- 
- 

- 

518 
-
-
-

518 

-
-

- 

16,154 

15,011 

382 

518 

27,896 

25,594 

25,236 

16,261

23  
24  

3,126 
8,942 
9 
15,819 

3,118 
8,277 
50 
14,149 

3,126 
8,942 
(1,802) 
14,970 

3,118
8,277 
(2,159) 
7,025 

27,896 

25,594 

25,236 

16,261

As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the income statement of the parent company is not presented 
as part of these financial statements.  The profit dealt with in the financial statements of the parent company for the year 
ended 31 December 2019 was $8,323,000 (2018: profit of $2,994,000).

Approved by the board and authorized for issue on 18 March 2020.

Barry K. Mence 
Director   

Arif Karimjee
Director

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

39

C O N S O L I D A T E D   A N D   C O M P A N Y   C A S H   F L O W   S T A T E M E N T S 

F O R   T H E   Y E A R   E N D E D   3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 9

Group 

Company 

Notes 

2019 
$’000 

2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

Operating Activities

Profit for the year    

Adjustments for:
Finance income    
Finance costs    
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment   
Depreciation of right-of-use assets   
Amortization of intangible assets  
Share-based payment expense    
Deferred tax credit    
Tax refundable in future years    

8 
9 
13 
21  
14 

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital     
Intra-group credits and charges    
Decrease in provisions against intra-group loans     
Decrease/(increase) in receivables    
(Decrease)/increase in payables    

2,048 

6,920 

8,323 

2,994

(166) 
127 
364 
698  
2,342 
620 
- 
- 

6,033 
- 
- 
1,071 
(50) 

(102) 
77 
297 
-  
2,230 
512 
(547) 
(208) 

9,179 
- 
- 
1,175 
318 

- 
4 
- 
-  
- 
620 
- 
- 

8,947 
(634) 
(9,359) 
(9) 
(135) 

- 
4 
-
-
-
512
-
-

3,510  
(713) 
(3,775) 
- 
344 

Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities    

7,054 

10,672 

(1,190) 

(634)

Investing Activities

Finance income    
Purchases of property, plant and equipment    
Development costs capitalized    
Advance of loans to group companies   
Repayment of loans by group companies   

8 
13 
14 

166 
(345) 
(3,010) 
- 
- 

102 
(420) 
(2,615) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(1,940) 
3,107 

-
- 
- 
(1,484) 
3,866

Net cash (used in)/generated from investing activities 

(3,189) 

(2,933) 

1,167 

2,382

Financing Activities

Issues of shares    
Repayment of borrowings   
Repayment of line of credit   
Lease payments   
Interest paid    
Dividends paid   

20  
20  
21  

25  

105  
(29)  
(325)  
(739)  
(60)  
(430)  

213  
(170)  
(2,674)  
-  
(77)  
(337)  

105  
-  
-  
-  
(4)  
(430)  

Net cash used in financing activities    

(1,478) 

(3,045) 

(329) 

213 
- 
-
-
(4) 
(337)

(128)

 Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  

2,387 

4,694 

(352) 

1,620 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year    
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes   

17,086 
(40) 

12,729 
(337) 

3,076 
(88) 

1,492 
(36)

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year  

18 

19,433 

17,086 

2,636 

3,076

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

C O N S O L I D A T E D   A N D   C O M P A N Y   S T A T E M E N T S   O F   C H A N G E S 

I N   E Q U I T Y   F O R   T H E   Y E A R   E N D E D   3 1   D E C E M B E R   2 0 1 9

Group 

At 1 January 2018 
Profit for the year      
Exchange differences on translation
   of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Issues of shares 
Recognition of share-based payments 
Lapse or exercise of share options and warrants   
Dividends paid in year  

At 1 January 2019 
Profit for the year      
Exchange differences on translation
   of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

Issues of shares    
Recognition of share-based payments 
Lapse or exercise of share options and warrants 
Dividends paid in year 

Share 
Capital 
$’000 

Capital  Translation 
Reserve 
$’000 

Reserves 
$’000 

Retained
Profits 
$’000 

3,079 
- 

7,720 
- 

364 
- 

7,437 
6,920 

Total
$’000

18,600
6,920

- 

- 

39 
- 
- 
- 

3,118 
- 

- 

- 

8 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

174 
512 
(129) 
- 

8,277 
- 

- 

- 

97 
620 
(52) 
- 

(314) 

- 

(314)

(314) 

6,920 

6,606

- 
- 
- 
- 

50 
- 

(41) 

(41) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

9 

- 
- 
129 
(337) 

213
512
-
(337)

14,149 
2,048 

25,594
2,048

- 

(41)

2,048 

2,007

- 
- 
52 
(430) 

105 
620
-
(430)

15,819 

27,896

At 31 December 2019 

3,126 

8,942 

The translation reserve represents accumulated differences on the translation of assets and liabilities of foreign operations.  
Full details of capital reserves are set out in Note 24.

Company

Share 
Capital 
$’000 

Capital  Translation 
Reserve 
$’000 

Reserve 
$’000 

Retained 
Profits 
$’000 

At 1 January 2018 
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year       
Issues of shares 
Recognition of share-based payments     
Lapse or exercise of share options and warrants    
Dividends paid in year    

3,079 
- 
39 
- 
- 
- 

At 1 January 2019 
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year    
Issues of shares    
Recognition of share-based payments    
Lapse or exercise of share options and warrants    
Dividends paid in year    

3,118 
- 
8 
- 
- 
- 

7,720 
- 
174 
512 
(129) 
- 

8,277 
- 
97 
620 
(52) 
- 

(1,380) 
(779) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(2,159) 
357 
- 
- 
- 
- 

4,239 
2,994 
- 
- 
129 
(337) 

7,025 
8,323 
- 
- 
52 
(430) 

Total
$’000

13,658
2,215 
213
512
-
(337)

16,261
8,680
105 
620
- 
(430)

At 31 December 2019 

3,126 

8,942 

(1,802) 

14,970 

25,236

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

41

1 .   G E N E R A L   I N F O R M AT I O N

Sopheon plc ("the company") is a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales.  The address of its registered 
office and principal place of business is set out on page 22.  The principal activities of the company and its subsidiaries are 
described in Note 3.  The financial statements have been presented in US Dollars and rounded to the nearest thousand.

2 .   S I G N I F I C A N T   A C C O U N T I N G   P O L I C I E S

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and 
Interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards Board as adopted by the European Union and those 
parts of the Companies Act 2006 which apply to companies preparing their financial statements under IFRS.  The principal 
accounting policies are set out below.  The policies have been applied consistently to all the years presented.

The impact of the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases is described under the relevant heading below.  A number of other new 
standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards have been adopted by the group, but have not been 
listed, since they have no material impact on the financial statements.  None of the other new standards, amendments and 
interpretations in issue but not yet effective are expected to have a material effect on the financial statements.

While the functional currency of the parent company is Sterling, the group’s financial statements have been presented in 
US Dollars.  The directors believe this better reflects the underlying nature of the business. Approximately two-thirds of the 
group’s revenue and operating costs are denominated in US Dollars.  The exchange rates used for translation of Sterling 
amounts are 1.3210 US Dollars to British Pounds Sterling as at 31 December 2019 and 1.2804 US Dollars to British 
Pounds Sterling as the average rate prevailing during 2019.

Going Concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.  In reaching their assessment, the directors have 
considered a period extending at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements.  This assessment 
has included consideration of the forecast performance of the business for the foreseeable future and the cash and 
financing facilities available to the group.

Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the parent company Sopheon plc and the 
financial statements of the subsidiaries controlled by the group as defined by IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements, 
as shown in Note 15.  Where the company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary.  The company 
controls an investee if all three of the following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns 
from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns.  The financial statements 
of all the group companies are prepared using uniform accounting policies.  All intra-group transactions, balances, income 
and expenses are eliminated on consolidation. 

Business Combinations

The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for within the consolidated financial statements using the purchase method.  
The cost of the acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values at the date of exchange, of assets given, 
liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the group in exchange for control of the entity being 
acquired, together with any costs directly attributable to the business combination.  The results of the acquired entities are 
included in the consolidated income statement from the date on which effective control is obtained.  The identifiable assets, 
liabilities and contingent liabilities of the entity being acquired that meet the conditions for recognition are recognized at 
their fair values on the date of acquisition.

Identifiable intangible assets are capitalized at fair value as at the date of acquisition.  The useful lives of these intangible 
assets are assessed and amortization is charged on a straight-line basis, with the expense taken to the income statement 
within sales and marketing expense (in respect of customer relationships) and research and development expense (in 
respect of IPR and technology).  Intangible assets are tested for impairment when a trigger event occurs.  Useful lives are 
also examined on an annual basis and adjustments, where applicable, are made on a prospective basis. 

There have been no business combinations in the period covered by this report.

 
42

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Goodwill

Goodwill arising on the acquisition of a subsidiary represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the group’s 
interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the subsidiary at the date 
of acquisition.  Goodwill is initially recognized at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated 
impairment losses.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to those cash-generating units of the group expected to 
benefit from the synergies of the business combination.  Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated 
are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired.  If 
the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying value of the unit, the impairment loss is 
allocated firstly to reduce the carrying cost of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to any other assets of the unit 
pro rata to the carrying value of each asset of the unit.  An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in a 
subsequent period.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and represents amounts receivable 
for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, net of discounts and sales-related taxes.

Sales of perpetual software licenses are recognized once no significant obligations remain owing to the customer in 
connection with such license sale.  Such significant obligations could include giving a customer a right to return the 
software product without any preconditions, or if the group is unable to deliver a material element of the software 
product by the balance sheet date.  Revenues relating to software subscription, maintenance, and hosting agreements 
are deferred creating a contract liability at the period end, and recognized evenly over the term of the agreements, due 
to the customer simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits of the contractual performance obligation over that 
term. 

Revenues from implementation and consultancy services are recognized as the services are performed, or in the 
case of fixed price or milestone-based projects, on a percentage basis as the work is completed and any relevant 
milestones are met, using latest estimates to determine the expected duration and cost of the project. Based on stage 
of completion and billing arrangement, either a contract asset or a contract liability is created at the period end.  Where 
the group is acting as a principal, other income includes recoverable costs that have been incurred in the course of 
business including travel expenses of employees and contractors.

Where a sales contract involves multiple service obligations, the allocation of the transaction price is performed 
proportionally based on the standalone selling price for each obligation.  The way in which management assigns the 
selling price to each separate performance obligation is based on the cost of satisfying the performance obligation plus 
an appropriate margin based on experience of standalone sales.

Leases

The implementation of IFRS 16 replaced the existing guidance in IAS 17: Leases.  The standard sets out the principles 
for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and the group adopted the new standard with 
effect from 1 January 2019.

Prior to the 2019 financial year, the group classified its leases either as finance leases or operating leases.  Payments 
made under operating leases were charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

IFRS 16 changes the previous guidance in IAS 17 and requires lessees to recognize a lease liability that reflects the net 
present value of future lease payments and a corresponding “right-of-use asset” in all lease contracts, although lessees 
may elect not to recognize lease liabilities and right-of-use assets in respect of short-term leases or leases of assets of 
low value.

The company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in respect of certain leases of office 
equipment of low value or of short term.  The lease payments associated with these leases is recognized as an expense 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

IFRS 16 also changes the definition of a “lease” and the manner of assessing whether a contract contains a lease.  At 
inception of a contract, the group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease based on whether the contract 
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

  
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

43

The group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date.  The 
lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the following lease payments:

 • fixed payments;
 • variable payments that are based on index or rate;
 • the exercise price of any extension or purchase option if reasonably certain to be exercised; and
 • penalties for terminating the lease, if relevant. 

The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily 
determined, the group’s incremental borrowing rate.  The group has used its incremental borrowing rate as the 
discount rate.

The right-of-use assets are initially measured based on the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease 
payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs.  The right-of-use assets are 
depreciated over the period of the lease term, or, if earlier, the useful life of the asset, using the straight-line method.  
The lease term includes periods covered by an option to extend, if the group is reasonably certain to exercise that 
option.  In addition, the right-of-use assets may during the lease term be reduced by impairment losses, if any, or 
adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

Impact of IFRS 16

Under IAS 17 the group did not recognize related assets or liabilities, but instead disclosed the total amount of 
commitments under operating leases calculated on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms.  The new 
standard requires the group to recognize interest on its lease liabilities and amortization of its right-of-use assets, 
instead of recognizing lease payments as part of operating costs.  Accordingly, this change has increased adjusted 
EBITDA in the year to 31 December 2019 by $734,000 but has not had a material effect on the group’s profit for the 
year.

Further details of the practical expedients used by the group in adopting IFRS 16 Leases are set out in Note 21.

Interest on Borrowings

All interest on borrowings is recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate method.

Retirement Benefit Costs

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are charged as an expense as they fall due.  The group 
does not operate any defined benefit retirement plans.

Foreign Currencies

The individual financial statements of each group entity are prepared in the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency).  In preparing the financial statements of the 
individual entities, transactions in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are 
recorded at rates approximating to the transaction rates.  At each balance sheet date, monetary items denominated in 
foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the balance sheet date.  Exchange differences arising on 
the settlement of monetary items, and on the retranslation of monetary items, are included in the income statement for 
the period.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the group’s foreign 
operations are expressed in US Dollars using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date.  Income and 
expense items (including comparatives) are translated at the average exchange rates for the period.  Exchange 
differences arising (including exchange differences on intra-group loans where there is no intention that these should 
be settled) are classified as equity and transferred to the group’s translation reserve.  The same approach is used to 
translate the financial statements of the company on a stand-alone basis from Sterling to US Dollars.  The equity of 
the company and group is retranslated into the presentational currency at its historic rate.

44

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Deferred Tax

Deferred tax is recognized on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial 
statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the 
balance sheet liability method.  Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences.  
Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that the level and timing of taxable profits can be measured, and 
it is probable that these will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred tax is calculated at tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, 
and that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset realized.  Deferred tax is charged 
or credited to profit or loss, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the 
deferred tax is also dealt with in equity.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Computer equipment and fixtures and fittings are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated 
impairment losses.  Depreciation is charged so as to write off the costs of assets over their estimated useful lives, using 
the straight-line method.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the 
difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in the income statement.

The following rates are used for the depreciation of property, plant and equipment:

Computer equipment 
Furniture and fittings 

20-33 percent on a straight-line basis
20-25 percent on a straight-line basis

Investments

Investments in subsidiaries within the company balance sheet are stated at cost less impairment.  Impairment tests are 
undertaken whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable.  
Where the carrying value of an investment exceeds its recoverable amount, the investment is written down accordingly.

Internally Generated Intangible Assets (Research and Development Expenditure)

Development expenditure on internally developed software products is capitalized if it can be demonstrated that:

• it is technically feasible to develop the product;
• adequate resources are available to complete the development;
• there is an intention to complete and sell the product;
• the group is able to sell the product;
• sales of the product will generate future economic benefits; and
• expenditure on the product can be measured reliably.

Development costs not satisfying the above criteria and expenditure on the research phase of internal projects are 
recognized in the income statement as incurred.  Capitalization of a particular activity commences after proof of 
concept, requirements and functional concept stages are complete.

Capitalized development costs are amortized over the period over which the group expects to benefit from selling 
the product developed.  This has been estimated to be four years from the date of code-finalization of the applicable 
software release.  The amortization expense in respect of internally generated intangible assets is included in research 
and development costs.

Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)

At each balance sheet date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine 
whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.  If any such indication exists, the 
recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).  Where it 
is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the group estimates the recoverable amount 
of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

45

Recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use.  In assessing the value in use, 
the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their net present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects 
current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the 
carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount.  An impairment loss is 
recognized immediately in the administrative expenses line item in the income statement.

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying value of the asset or cash-generating unit is increased 
to the revised recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount 
which would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized in prior years.  A reversal of an 
impairment loss is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Segmental Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating 
decision maker of the group, which has been identified as the board of directors. 

Share-based Payments

The group awards share options in the company, being the parent entity, to certain employees.  These are treated 
as equity-settled share-based payments and are measured at fair value (excluding the effect of non-market-based 
vesting conditions) at the date of grant.  This fair value is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, 
based on the group’s estimate of the shares that will eventually vest and adjusted for the effect of non-market-based 
vesting conditions.  Where an option vests in multiple instalments, each instalment is treated as a separate grant with 
its own vesting period.  In the consolidated financial statements, the entire expense is recognized within administrative 
expenses. At the individual entity level, the expense is transferred to the employing subsidiary and in the company, the 
benefit transferred is recognized as an increase in investment in subsidiaries, and this increase is then assessed for 
impairment in accordance with the company’s accounting policy.

Financial Instruments

1. Financial Assets

Financial assets do not include prepayments.  Management determines the classification of financial assets at initial 
recognition.

Amortized Costs

These assets arise principally from the provision of goods and services to customers (e.g. trade receivables), but also 
incorporate other types of financial assets where the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual 
cash flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest.  They are initially recognized 
at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently 
carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment.

Impairment provisions for current and non-current trade receivables are recognized based on the simplified approach 
within IFRS 9 using the lifetime expected credit losses.  During this process the probability of the non-payment of 
the trade receivables is assessed.  This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from 
default to determine the lifetime expected credit loss for the trade receivables.  For trade receivables, which are 
reported net, such provisions are recorded in a separate provision account with the loss being recognized within cost 
of sales in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be 
collectable, the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision.

Financial assets held at amortized cost comprise trade and other receivables, contract assets, and cash and cash 
equivalents in the consolidated statements of financial position. 

46

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

2. Financial Liabilities

The group classifies its financial liabilities in the category of financial liabilities at amortized cost.  All financial liabilities 
are recognized in the statement of financial position when the company becomes a party to the contractual provision or 
the instrument. 

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost include:

•  Trade payables and other short-dated monetary liabilities, which are initially recognized at fair value and 

subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

•  Bank and other borrowings, and lease liabilities which are initially recognized at fair value net of any transaction 
costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the instrument.  Such interest-bearing liabilities are subsequently 
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that the interest expense over 
the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability carried in the balance sheet.  Interest 
expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premiums payable on redemption, as well as any 
interest payable while the liability is outstanding.

Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying values of the group’s financial liabilities measured at amortized cost represent 
a reasonable approximation of their fair values.

3. Share Capital

Financial instruments issued by the group are treated as equity only to the extent that they do not meet the definition 
of a financial liability.  The group’s ordinary shares are classified as equity.  For the purpose of the disclosures given in 
Note 23, the group considers its capital to comprise its ordinary share capital, its capital reserves (as set out in Note 
24), and its retained earnings.

Significant Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  The estimates and associated assumptions are based 
on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant.  Actual results may differ from these 
estimates, and accordingly they are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized 
in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and 
future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Estimates have been adopted for the depreciation and amortization periods relating to property, plant and equipment, 
externally acquired intangible assets and internally generated intangible assets.  These are dealt with in the accounting 
policy notes set forth above that relate to these areas. 

Judgement has been used to determine the assumed discount rate of 9 percent used for recoverability assessment 
relating to intangible assets referred to in Note 14, and the discount rate of 3.75 percent used in respect of the 
application of IFRS 16 further described in Note 21.  The difference in rate selected reflects assessment of the differing 
risk profile of the underlying assets.  Judgement has also been used in determining that no provision is required for 
credit losses on trade receivables, based on the quality of the group’s customers and historic loss experience as further 
described in Note 17.

Where the sales contract involves multiple service obligations the allocation of the transaction price is performed 
proportionally based on the standalone selling price for each obligation.  The way in which management assigns the 
selling price to each separate performance obligation is based on the cost of satisfying the performance obligation plus 
an appropriate margin. 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

47

3 .   S E G M E N TA L   A N A LY S I S

All of the group’s revenue in respect of the years ended 31 December 2019 and 2018 was derived from the design, 
development and marketing of software products with associated implementation and consultancy services, as more 
particularly described in the Strategic Report.  The business is seen as one cash-generating unit and operates as a 
single operating segment.  For management purposes, the group is organized geographically across two principal 
territories, North America and Europe.  Information relating to this geographical split is outlined below.

The information in the following table provides analysis by location of operations.  Inter-segment revenues are priced on 
an arm’s length basis.

Year ended 31 December 2019 

Income Statement
External revenues   
Operating profit before interest and tax    
Profit before tax*     
Finance income      
Finance expense     
Depreciation and amortization     
Adjusted EBITDA*     

Balance Sheet 
Fixed asset additions     
Capitalization of internally generated development costs   
Total assets     
Total liabilities     

Year ended 31 December 2018 

Income Statement
External revenues   
Operating profit before interest and tax    
Profit before tax*     
Finance income      
Finance expense     
Depreciation and amortization     
Adjusted EBITDA*      

Balance Sheet 
Fixed asset additions     
Capitalization of internally generated development costs   
Total assets     
Total liabilities     

North 
  America 
$’000 

Europe 
$’000 

Total
$’000

20,690 
3,887 
3,962 
166 
(91) 
(2,991) 
6,879 

243 
3,010 
29,052 
(11,123) 

North 
America 
$’000 

21,614 
6,068 
6,100 
102 
(70) 
(2,464) 
5,273 

272 
2,615 
26,246 
(10,041) 

9,564 
(1,469) 
(1,505) 
- 
(36) 
(413) 
(437) 

102 
- 
14,998 
(5,031) 

30,254
2,418
2,457
166 
(127)
(3,404) 
6,442

345 
3,010
44,050
(16,154) 

Europe 
$’000 

Total
$’000

12,308 
313 
306 
- 
(7) 
(63) 
4,112 

148 
- 
14,359 
(4,970) 

33,922
6,381
6,406
102
(77)
(2,527)
9,385

420
2,615
40,605
(15,011)

*Reconciliation from profit before tax to adjusted EBITDA is detailed in Note 5. 

Revenues attributable to customers in North America in 2019 amounted to $20,003,000 (2018: $20,985,000).  
Revenues attributable to customers in the rest of the world amounted to $10,245,000 (2018: $12,937,000) of which 
$8,762,000 (2018: $11,555,000) was attributable to customers in Europe.

No individual customer accounted for more than 10 percent of the group’s revenues in 2019.  One customer, located in 
North America, accounted for approximately 11 percent of the group’s revenues in 2018. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

4 .   R E V E N U E   F R O M   C O N T R A C T S   W I T H   C U S T O M E R S

Disaggregation of Revenue

Revenue attributable to each of the group’s primary geographic markets is analyzed in Note 3 above.  The following table 
provides further disaggregation of revenue in accordance with the IFRS 15 requirement to depict how the nature, amount, 
timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. 

Perpetual software licenses    
Consulting and implementation services    
Maintenance, software subscriptions and hosting     

2019 
$’000 

5,401  
9,355  
15,498  

2018
$’000

8,921 
10,771 
14,230

30,254 

33,922

Perpetual licenses are recognized at a point in time.  Consulting and implementation services, and maintenance, 
subscription and hosting services, are recognized over time.  Further details of the revenue recognition approaches are 
described in Note 2. 

Contract Balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities arise because cumulative billings to customers at each balance sheet date does not 
necessarily equal the amount of revenue recognized on the contracts.  Contract assets, historically described as accrued 
income, represent performance obligations that have been satisfied but not yet billed at the end of the reporting period.  
Contract liabilities, historically described as deferred revenue, represent transaction price allocated to the performance 
obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of the end of the reporting period.  The group does not have any 
instances where payment is received in advance for multi-year contracts; all invoicing is annual as per contract terms.

Contract Assets 
2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

Contract Liabilities
2018
2019 
$’000
$’000 

At 1 January   
Transfers in the period from contract assets to trade receivables    
Revenue recognized ahead of cash (or rights to cash)    
Transfers in the period from contract liabilities to revenue    
Cash (or rights to cash) received in advance of revenue recognition   

1,109  
 (1,109)  
397  
- 
- 

382 
(382) 
1,109 
- 
- 

9,035  
- 
- 

(9,035)  
10,337 

8,345 
-
-
(8,345)
9,035 

At 31 December      

397  

1,109 

10,337 

9,035

5 .   P R O F I T   F O R   T H E   Y E A R

The profit for the year has been arrived at after charging/(crediting):

Net foreign exchange losses/(gains)   
Research and development costs (excluding amortization)   
Amortization of intangible assets   
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment   
Depreciation of right-of-use assets   
Employee share-based payments   

2019 
$’000 

100  
3,340  
2,342  
364  
698  
620  

2018
$’000

(31) 
2,848 
2,230 
297 
- 
512

Net foreign exchange gains or losses arise on the translation of cash and trade balances held in currencies other than the 
functional currency of the entity concerned and are accordingly included in administration expense.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

49

Adjusted EBITDA, which is a company specific measure, defined as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, 
amortization, and employee share-based payment charges, is considered to be an important profit measure, since 
it is widely used by the investment community.  See page 19 for further information on the use of this measure.  It is 
calculated as follows:

Profit for the year before tax   

Interest payable   
Interest receivable   
Write-back of investment provision   
Amortization of intangible assets   
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment   
Depreciation of right-of-use assets   
Employee share-based payments   

Adjusted EBITDA   

6 .   A U D I T O R S ’  R E M U N E R AT I O N    

During the year the group obtained the following services from its auditors and associated firms.

Audit of the financial statements of the group   
Audit of the financial statements of the UK subsidiary   
Review of interim financial information   
Tax compliance services   

7 .   S TA F F   C O S T S

Wages and salaries    
Social security costs    
Pension contributions    
Employee benefits expense    

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

2,457 

6,406 

127  
(166)  
-  
2,342  
364  
698 
620  

77 
(102)
(35) 
2,230 
297 
 - 
512

6,442 

9,385

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

72  
5  
17  
31  

68 
5 
16
22

2019 
$’000 

17,959 
1,529 
442 
1,049 

2018
$’000

17,181 
1,388 
419 
942

20,979 

19,930

Included within the above are staff costs capitalized as development expenditure amounting to $3,010,000  
(2018: $2,615,000).  Included within wages and salaries are bonus and sales commission costs amounting to $2,108,000 
(2018: $3,027,000).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The average monthly number of employees during the year was made up as follows:

Development and operations 
Sales and management 

2019 
Number 

2018
Number 

107 
53 

160 

97
45

142

 The above staff costs and the numbers of employees during the year include the executive directors.

The remuneration of all directors was as follows:

Fees and emoluments 
Pension contributions 

2019 
$’000 

961 
22 

983 

2018
$’000

1,141
23

1,164

During the year no share options (2018: 70,000) were exercised by directors.  Pension contributions are to personal defined 
contribution schemes and have been made for three directors (2018: three) who served during the year.

Full details of directors’ remuneration are disclosed in the Board Committee Reports on page 23.

Staff costs in the parent company amounted to $513,000 including bonuses (2018: $602,000).  The average monthly 
number of staff of the parent company during the year included one full time and two part time (2018: one and two).

8 .   F I N A N C E   I N C O M E

Income on financial assets measured at amortized cost  
    Interest income on bank deposits 

9 .   F I N A N C E   E X P E N S E

Interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortized cost  
    Interest on borrowings 
    Interest on lease liabilities 

1 0 .   I N C O M E   TA X   C R E D I T

Income tax (charge)/credit for the year – current tax    

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

166 

102

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000 

(60) 
(67) 

(127) 

(77)
-

(77)

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000 

(409)  

514

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

51

The charge for the year can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

Profit before tax      

Tax charge at the UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2018: 19%)      
Adjustment for differing rates of corporate taxation in overseas jurisdictions      
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profits      
Temporary differences arising from the capitalization 
    and transfer of development investments     
Utilization of prior year losses      

Current tax expense for the year      

US Alternative Minimum Tax refundable     
Recognition of deferred tax asset 

Total income tax credit for the year 

2019 
$’000 

2,457 

(467) 
(139) 
(192) 

127 
262 

2018
$’000

6,406

(1,217)
(401)
(154) 

56 
1,476

(409) 

(240)

- 
- 

(409) 

208 
547

514

The current tax expense represents German corporation tax payable by Sopheon GmbH and US state taxes payable 
by the group’s US subsidiaries.

US corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) has been repealed in respect of tax years beginning on or after 1 January 
2018.  AMT paid by US corporations in respect of periods prior to that date is refundable over a four-year period to 
December 2021.  Of the $208,000 of refundable AMT credited in 2018, Sopheon’s US subsidiaries received $104,000 
during the year, with the balance refundable in future years.

The deferred tax income represents the recognition of a deferred tax asset arising from historic trading losses of the 
group’s US and UK subsidiaries.

There is no tax arising on other comprehensive income.

Deferred Tax Asset

The group has a potential deferred tax asset arising from its unrelieved trading losses, which has been partially 
recognized, but the remainder of which has not been recognized owing to uncertainty as to the level and timing of 
taxable profits in the future.

The deferred tax asset which has been recognized in the financial statements is as follows:

Deferred tax asset at 1 January       
Amount recognized during the year      

Deferred tax asset at 31 December      

The unrecognized deferred tax asset is made up as follows: 

Shortfall of tax depreciation compared to book depreciation    
Effect of timing differences arising from capitalization
    of internally generated development costs    
Unrelieved trading losses    

Unrecognized deferred tax asset at 31 December 2019    

2019 
$’000 

2,557  
-  

2,557  

2018
$’000

2,010
547

2,557

2019 
$’000 

156 

2018
$’000

144  

(1,212) 
8,027 

(1,072) 
8,189

6,971 

7,261

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

At 31 December 2019, tax losses estimated at $52m (2018: $53m) were available to carry forward by the Sopheon 
group, arising from historic losses incurred.  These losses have given rise to a deferred tax asset of $2.6m (2018: $2.6m) 
and a further potential deferred tax asset of $8.0m (2018: $8.2m), based on the tax rates currently applicable in the 
relevant tax jurisdictions.

Of these tax losses, an aggregate amount of $8.8m, representing $1.9m of the potential deferred tax asset (2018: $8.8m 
and $1.9m respectively) represents pre-acquisition tax losses of Alignent Software, Inc.  The future utilization of these 
losses may be restricted under Section 382 of the US Internal Revenue Code, whereby the ability to utilize net operating 
losses arising prior to a change of ownership is limited to a percentage of the entity value of the corporation at the date 
of change of ownership. 

11 .   P R O F I T   D E A LT   W I T H   I N   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S   O F   T H E    

P A R E N T   C O M PA N Y

The profit dealt with in the financial statements of the parent company for the year ended 31 December 2019 was 
$8,323,000 (2018: profit of $2,994,000).  The parent company’s result includes an increase in the amount recognized in 
respect of loans to subsidiaries amounting to $9,359,000 (2018: $1,130,000).  Further details of parent company loans to 
subsidiaries appear in Note 16.  

Advantage has been taken of Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present an income statement for the parent 
company.

1 2 .   E A R N I N G S   P E R   S H A R E 

Basic earnings per share 
Profit after tax   

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for  
    the purpose of basic earnings per share 

Earnings per share   

Diluted earnings per share 
Profit after tax   

Diluted profit after tax   

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for  
    the purpose of basic earnings per share 

Diluted earnings per share   

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

2,048 

6,920

’000s 

’000s

10,156 

10,088

20.16c 

68.60c

’000s 

’000s

2,048 

2,048 

6,920

6,920

’000s 

’000s

10,667 

10,649

19.20c 

  64.98c

For the purpose of calculating the diluted earnings per ordinary share in 2019 and 2018, in respect of the outstanding 
868,394 share options (details of which are set out in Note 28), the treasury stock method is used.  This assumes that 
options to subscribe for Sopheon shares at prices below the average share price prevailing during the year are exercised 
on 1st January of the relevant year (or, if later, on the date of grant) and that the proceeds from exercise of such options 
are reinvested in treasury shares at the average price prevailing during the year.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

53

  Computer 
 Equipment 
$’000 

Furniture
& Fittings 
$’000 

2,424 
299 
(17) 

2,706 
333 
(4) 

3,035 

2,084 
264 
(13) 

2,335 
304 
(2) 

2,637 

398 

371 

463 
121 
(7) 

577 
12 
(3) 

586 

386 
33 
(3) 

416 
60 
(2) 

474 

112 

161 

Total
$’000

2,887
420
(24)

3,283
345
(7)

3,621

2,470
297
(16)

2,751
364
(4)

3,111

510

532

1 3 .   P R O P E R T Y,   P L A N T   A N D   E Q U I P M E N T

Group 

Cost
At 1 January 2018    
Additions    
Exchange differences    

At 1 January 2019    
Additions    
Exchange differences    

At 31 December 2019    

Accumulated Depreciation
At 1 January 2018   
Depreciation charge for the year    
Exchange differences    

At 1 January 2019   
Depreciation charge for the year    
Exchange differences    

At 31 December 2019   

Carrying Amount  
At 31 December 2019    

At 31 December 2018    

Company
The company has no property, plant and equipment.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1 4 .   I N TA N G I B L E   A S S E T S

Cost
At 1 January 2018    
Additions (internally generated)    

At 1 January 2019    
Additions (internally generated)    

At 31 December 2019 

Amortization
At 1 January 2018  
Charge for the year  

At 1 January 2019  
Charge for the year  

At 31 December 2019  

Carrying Amount
At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2018 

  Development
Costs
(Internally
  Generated) 
$’000 

Goodwill 
$’000 

Total
$’000

24,165 
2,615 

26,780 
3,010 

1,022 
- 

1,022 
- 

25,187
2,615

27,802
3,010

29,790 

1,022 

30,812 

19,366 
2,230 

21,596 
2,342 

23,938 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

19,366
2,230

21,596
2,342

23,938

5,852 

1,022 

6,874

5,184 

1,022 

6,206

The amortization period for the internally generated development costs relating to the group’s software products is four 
years.  Goodwill that arose in prior periods is not amortized.  The residual goodwill arising on the acquisition of Alignent 
is attributable to the enhanced market position of the group, due to the completeness of the solution that Sopheon can 
offer the market.  The recoverable amount of the goodwill can be underpinned on a value in use basis by the expected 
performance of the group, which is seen as a single cash-generating unit.  

The valuation used for this purpose is based on cash flow projections for the next five years, and thereafter for an 
indefinite period at a growth assumption of 3 percent (2018: 3 percent).  The discount rate used was 9 percent (2018: 9 
percent).  Sensitivity analysis has been performed on these projections, specifically changes in assumed annual revenue 
growth, profit margin growth and terminal growth rate.  This demonstrates significant valuation headroom above the 
carrying value of goodwill.  

Company
The company has no intangible assets.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

55

1 5 .   I N V E S T M E N T   I N   S U B S I D I A R I E S

At cost less amounts provided
At 31 December 2018    
Exchange difference    

At 31 December 2019   

  Company
$’000

7,814  
230

8,084

Details of the company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2019 are set out below.  Companies marked with an asterisk (*) are 
held via Sopheon UK Ltd.  The common stock of Alignent Software, Inc. and Sopheon Corporation, Minnesota, USA are 
held by Sopheon Corporation, Delaware, USA.  The share capital of Sopheon Corporation, Delaware, USA and Sopheon 
GmbH are held by Sopheon NV.

Name of Company 
Place of Incorporation 

Nature of 
Ownership 

Proportion of 
Voting Rights Held

Nature of Business

Sopheon Corporation  
3001 Metro Drive 
Bloomington, MN 55425, USA   

Sopheon Corporation  
6870 W 52nd Avenue 
Arvada, CO 80002, USA    

Alignent Software, Inc.  
3001 Metro Drive 
Bloomington, MN 55425, USA

Sopheon NV  
Kantoorgebouw Officia 1 
De Boelelaan 7, 1083 HJ 
Amsterdam, The Netherlands   

Sopheon UK Ltd  
Dorna House One, 50 Guildford Road 
West End GU24 9PW, UK

Sopheon GmbH  
Lise-Meitner-Str. 10, D-64293 
Darmstadt, Germany 

Applied Network Technology Ltd*  
Dorna House One, 50 Guildford Road 
West End GU24 9PW, UK

Common Stock  

100%  

Software sales and services 

Common Stock  

100%  

Software development and sales 

Common Stock  

100%  

Software sales and services 

Ordinary Shares  

100%  

Software sales and services 

Ordinary Shares  

100%  

Software sales and services 

Ordinary Shares  

100%  

Software sales and services 

Ordinary Shares  

100%  

Employee Share 
Ownership Trust 

During 2019 the group wound up and dissolved several dormant subsidiaries. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1 6 .   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S

Other receivables   
Tax refundable in future years    
Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings 
    (net of provisions) 

  Group 

 Company

2019 
$’000 

19 
104 

- 

123 

2018 
$’000 

19 
208  

2019 
$’000 

- 
-  

- 

14,793 

227 

14,793 

2018
$’000

-
-

5,793

5,793

The other receivable represents a deposit paid in respect of a property leased by the group.

The tax refundable represents US Alternative Minimum Tax, further details of which appear in Note 10.

A partial credit loss provision of $33,622,000 (2018: $41,315,000) has been made against amounts totaling $48,415,000 
(2018: $47,108,000) owed to the parent company by subsidiary undertakings, which are due after more than one year 
and are subordinated to the claims of all other creditors. The reduction in the credit loss provision during 2019 includes 
an additional amount of $9,359,000 which has been recognized in the parent company balance sheet, based upon an 
assessment of the expected performance of the group and its subsidiaries.

The expected credit loss provision against amounts due to the parent company from subsidiary undertakings has been 
assessed using a Stage 3 approach as detailed below.

At 1 January   
Net repayments     
Net management charges   
Release of provision   
Exchange adjustments   

At 31 December     

2019 
$’000 

41,315  
(1,167)  
634  
(9,359)  
2,199  

2018
$’000

47,681
(2,382)
713
(1,129)
(3,568)

33,622  

41,315

1 7 .   T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   R E C E I VA B L E S

  Group 

 Company

Trade receivables   
Other receivables   

Total receivables 
Prepayments 
Contract assets 

2019 
$’000 

11,722 
55 

11,777 
826 
397 

2018 
$’000 

12,014 
56 

12,070 
818 
1,109 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

- 
79 

79 
26 
- 

-
77

77
19
-

96

13,000 

13,997 

105 

The carrying value of trade and other receivables classified at amortized cost approximates fair value.

The group has adopted the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses using a lifetime expected 
credit loss provision for trade receivables and contract assets. As further detailed in Note 22, the group’s customers almost 
exclusively comprise major international corporations of good credit standing mostly based in the USA and the EU, and the 
group’s historical credit loss experience is negligible.  Accordingly, the trade receivables and contract assets are assessed 
as homogenous for the purposes of grouping for credit risk, and expected loss rate is expected to be nil leading to no 
provision for impairment being recorded.

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

57

1 8 .   C A S H   A N D   C A S H   E Q U I VA L E N T S

Cash at bank 
Short-term bank deposits 

  Group 

 Company

2019 
$’000 

9,163 
10,270 

2018 
$’000 

7,878 
9,208 

2019 
$’000 

2,636 
- 

19,433 

17,086 

2,636 

2018
$’000

3,076
-

3,076

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the group, bank current accounts and short-term bank deposit 
accounts with maturities of three months or less and bearing interest at variable rates.  The carrying amount of these 
assets represents a reasonable approximation to their fair value.

Included in cash at bank of the group is an amount of $66,000 (2018: $64,000) held by the group’s employee share 
ownership trust.

1 9 .   T R A D E   A N D   O T H E R   PAYA B L E S

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Tax and social security costs 
Accruals 

  Group 

 Company

2019 
$’000 

821 
124 
597 
2,696 

2018 
$’000 

636 
471 
1,104 
3,410 

4,238 

5,621 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

44 
132 
- 
206 

382 

51
120 
-
347

518

Trade payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs.

The directors consider that the carrying amounts of trade and other payables represent a reasonable approximation to 
their fair values.

2 0 .   B O R R O W I N G S

Current Loans and Borrowings
Line of credit 
Loan notes (current portion) 

Total current loans and borrowings 

Non-current Loans and Borrowings
Loan notes (non-current portion) 

Total non-current loans and borrowings 

Total loans and borrowings 

  Group 

 Company

2019 
$’000 

2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

326 
29 

355 

- 

- 

355 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
-

-

-

- 

-

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following is an analysis of the group’s movements in loans and borrowings, analyzed between cash and non-cash 
changes:

Line of credit 
Loan notes 

Total loans and borrowings 

Cash 
Flows 
$’000 

(326) 
(29) 

(355) 

Settled 
Through 
Equity 
$’000 

- 
- 

- 

2018 
$’000 

326 
29 

355 

2019
$’000

- 
-

-

The group’s line of credit facility and all loan notes due to Silicon Valley Bank were fully repaid during the year.

2 1 .   L E A S E S

With effect from January 1, 2019, the company has adopted IFRS 16 Leases, which specifies how to recognize, measure, 
present and disclose leases.  The company has not restated comparatives for the 2018 reporting period, as permitted 
under the specific transitional provisions in the standard.  The reclassifications and the adjustments arising from the new 
leasing rules are therefore recognized in the opening balance sheet on 1 January 2019. 

On initial application, the group recognized lease liabilities in relation to leases which had previously been classified as 
‘operating leases’ under the principles of IAS 17: Leases.  These liabilities were measured at the present value of the 
remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s weighted average incremental borrowing rate as at 1 January 
2019 of 3.75 percent.  The company has elected to record right-of-use assets as equal to the corresponding lease liabilities 
as the impact of potential additional costs or deductions to the assets are immaterial.

In applying IFRS 16 for the first time, the group has used the following practical expedients permitted by the standard: 

•  the use of a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics; 

•   reliance on previous assessments on whether leases are onerous; 

•   the exclusion of initial direct costs for the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and 

•   the use of hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to extend or terminate the lease. 

The group has also elected not to reassess whether a contract is or contains a lease at the date of initial application.  
Instead, for contracts entered into before the application date, the group has relied on its assessment made applying IAS 
17 and IFRIC 4 in determining whether an arrangement is or contains a lease.

Right-of-Use Assets

At 1 January 2019     
Additions in year     
Amortization     
Exchange differences     

At 31 December 2019     

Leased 
Buildings 
$’000 

Leased 
Vehicles 
$’000 

1,911  
-  
(590)  
(13)  

187  
170  
(108)  
(4)  

Total
$’000

2,098
170
(698)
(17)

1,308  

245  

1,553

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lease Liabilities

At 1 January 2019     
Additions in year     
Interest expense     
Lease payments     
Exchange differences     

At 31 December 2019     

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

59

Leased 
Buildings 
$’000 

Leased 
Vehicles 
$’000 

1,911  
-  
61  
(627)  
(13)  

187  
170  
6  
(112)  
(4)  

Total
$’000

2,098
170
67
(739)
(17)

1,332  

247  

1,579

The maturity of the lease liabilities is as follows:

At 31 December 2019
Leased buildings    
Leased vehicles     

Total 

 Carrying 
 amount  
  $’000 

Contractual 
cash-flow 
$’000 

Less than 
one year 
$’000 

One to 
two years 
$’000 

Two to
five years
$’000

1,332  
247  

1,406  
264  

  1,579 

1,670 

587  
103  

690 

426  
54  

480 

393
107

500

The following table sets out the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on the financial position of the group at 1 January 2019:

As presented
at 31 December 

2018    Adjustments 
$’000 
$’000 

IFRS 16  At 1 January
2019
$’000

Assets
Right-of-use assets - buildings     
Right-of-use assets - vehicles     

Liabilities
Lease liabilities - buildings     
Lease liabilities - vehicles     

Equity  
Retained earnings     

-  
-  

-  
-  

1,911  
187  

1,911  
187  

1,911
187

1,911
187

14,149 

 -  

14,149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table sets out the impact of adopting IFRS 16 on the financial position of the group at 1 January 2019:

Minimum operating lease commitment at 31 December 2018   
Effect of extension options reasonably likely to be exercised   
Low value or short-term leases not recognized under IFRS 16      

Undiscounted lease payments     
Effect of discounting at the group’s incremental borrowing rate      

Land & 
Buildings 
$’000 

1,377  
670  
-  

2,047  
(136)  

Other 
$’000 

159  
47  
(11)  

195  
(8)  

Total
$’000

1,536
717
(11)

2,242
(144)

Lease liabilities recognized at 1 January 2019    

1,911  

187  

2,098

Leased Buildings

Buildings are leased for office space under leases which typically run for a period of 1-5 years and lease payments are 
at fixed amounts.  Some leases for office buildings include extension options exercisable up to one year before the end 
of the cancellable lease term.

Leased Vehicles

The group leases vehicles for qualifying employees with a standard lease term of 4 years with fixed lease payments.  
The group does not purchase or guarantee the future value of leased vehicles.

Leased Equipment

The group has a small number of leases of office equipment.  The group considers these leases to be of low value or 
short term in nature and therefore no right-of-use assets or lease liabilities are recognized for these leases.

2 2 .   F I N A N C I A L   I N S T R U M E N T S

Categories of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The following table sets out the categories of financial instruments held by the group.  All of the group’s financial assets 
are in the category of financial assets measured at amortized cost, and all of its financial liabilities are in the category 
of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost.

1. Financial Assets

  Group 

 Company

  Notes 

2019 
$’000 

2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

Current Financial Assets
Trade receivables   
Other receivables   
Amounts due from subsidiary companies  
Contract assets  
Cash and cash equivalents  

17  
17  
16  
17  
18  

11,722  
55  
-  
397  
19,433  

12,014  
56  
-  
1,109  
17,086  

-  
79  
14,793  
-  
2,636  

2018
$’000

- 
77
5,793
- 
3,076

31,607 

30,265 

17,508 

8,946

Non-current Financial Assets
Other receivables   

16 

123 

227 

- 

- 

The group does not have any financial assets in any other categories.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

61

2. Financial Liabilities

Current Financial Liabilities
Trade payables  
Other payables  
Accruals  
Loans and borrowings  
Lease liabilities  

Non-current Financial Liabilities
Loans and borrowings  
Lease liabilities  

  Group 

 Company

  Notes 

2019 
$’000 

2018 
$’000 

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

19  
19  
19  
20  
21  

20  
21  

821  
124  
2,696  
-  
643  

636  
471  
3,410  
355  
-  

4,284 

4,872 

-  
936  

936 

-  
-  

- 

44  
132  
206  
-  
-  

382 

-  
-  

- 

51 
120 
347 
-
-

518

-
-

-

5,220 

4,872 

382 

518

Financial Instrument Risk Exposure and Management

The group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments.  This note describes the group’s 
objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.

There have been no changes in the group’s exposure to financial instrument risks, its objectives, policies and 
processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them from previous periods, unless otherwise 
disclosed in this note.

Principal Financial Instruments

The principal financial instruments used by the group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:

• Trade and other receivables
• Cash and cash equivalents
• Trade and other payables
• Loans and borrowings
• Lease liabilities

General Objectives, Policies and Processes

The board has overall responsibility for the determination of the group’s risk management objectives and policies and, 
while retaining ultimate responsibility for them, it has delegated the authority for designing and operating processes that 
ensure the effective implementation of the objectives and policies to the group’s finance function.  The board receives 
quarterly reports from the group finance director through which it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in 
place and the appropriateness of the objectives and policies it sets.  The group’s risk management procedures are also 
reviewed periodically by the audit committee.

The overall objective of the board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without unduly affecting 
the group’s competitiveness and flexibility.  Further details regarding these policies are set out below:

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

a) Credit Risk

Credit risk arises principally from the group’s trade receivables, other receivables and contract assets.  It is the risk that 
the counterparty fails to discharge its obligations in respect of the instrument.

The group’s software is principally marketed at major international corporations of good credit standing, and the group’s 
historical bad debt experience is negligible.  Due to the potentially large size of certain individual sales, in a particular 
year one customer can account for a substantial proportion of revenues recorded.  However, such concentrations rarely 
persist for multiple years and therefore the directors do not believe that the group is systematically exposed to credit 
risk concentration in respect of particular customers.  In 2019 no individual customer accounted for more than  
10 percent of group revenues (2018: 11 percent of group revenues in respect of one customer).

Credit risk also arises from cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and financial institutions.  At the year-
end the group was holding a proportion of its deposits and bank balances with each of Lloyds Banking Group plc, 
Rabobank Amsterdam, and Silicon Valley Bank.

A feature of recent years is that major corporations have slowed down payments or insist on long credit terms, and this 
is reflected in the ageing profile of the group’s receivables.  However, as noted above the group’s bad debts experience 
is negligible.  Impairments that do arise are not from credit defaults, but principally from disagreements with a very 
small number of former customers over their responsibility for renewal fees for maintenance or hosting contracts.  
Sopheon's policy is to pursue collection of such fees where invoiced and contractually enforceable, but to derecognize 
revenue if collection is uncertain.

The following is an analysis of the group’s trade receivables identifying the totals of trade receivables that are current 
and those that are past due but not impaired:

At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2018 

Total 
$’000 

Current 
$’000 

Past Due 
+30 Days 
$’000 

Past Due
+60 Days
$’000

11,722 

10,653 

195 

12,014 

10,004 

1,568 

874

443

The following is an analysis of the group’s provisions against trade receivables, analyzed between the geographical 
segments in which the group’s operations are located:

Trade receivables
   North America 
   Europe 

$’000  
  Gross 
  Value 

8,918 
2,809 

  11,727 

2019 

$’000 
Provision 

- 
- 

- 

$’000 
Carrying 
Value 

8,918 
2,809 

$’000 
Gross 
Value 

8,544 
3,470 

11,727 

12,014 

2018

$’000 
Provision 

$’000
Carrying
Value

- 
- 

- 

8,544 
3,470

12,014

The group records impairment losses on its trade receivables separately from the gross amounts receivable.  No 
impairment losses were recorded during 2019 or 2018.  The main factors used in assessing the impairment of the 
group’s trade receivables are the age of the balances and the circumstances of the individual customer.

The company has recognized a proportion of the amounts due to it from its US subsidiaries, taking into account their 
current profitability and cash holdings.  Full details are set out in Note 16 and 27.  The company has provided in full for 
the remaining amounts due from subsidiaries.  The company is exposed to credit risk in respect of its cash and cash 
equivalents, which are held in the form of current and deposit accounts with leading UK, US and European banking 
institutions.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

63

b)  Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk arises from the group’s management of working capital and more particularly its ability to be consistently 
cash generative after finance charges and principal repayments on its debt instruments.  It is the risk that the group will 
encounter difficulties in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due.

The group’s policy is to maintain significant cash balances, short-term bank deposits and facilities with a view to having 
sufficient cash to meet its liabilities when they become due.  The board annually approves budgets including cash flow 
projections for each of the operating companies within the group and receives regular information as to cash balances 
held and progress against budget.  

The following table sets out an analysis of the contractual maturity of the group’s and the company’s financial liabilities 
that must be settled gross, based on exchange rates prevailing at the relevant balance sheet date.  

Group

At 31 December 2019 

  On Demand
or Within 
Six Months 
$’000 

Within 
 One Year 
$’000 

Within 
Two Years 
$’000 

Within
Five Years 
$’000 

Trade and other payables  
Line of credit  
Loan notes  
Future interest – loan notes  
Lease liabilities – contractual cash-flow  

Total financial liabilities 

945  
-  
-  
-  
370  

1,315 

-  
-  
-  
-  
320  

320 

-  
-  
-  
-  
480  

480 

Total
$’000

945
-
-
- 
1,670

-   
-  
-  
-  
500  

500 

2,615

At 31 December 2018 

Trade and other payables  
Line of credit  
Loan notes  
Future interest – loan notes  

Total financial liabilities 

Company

At 31 December 2019 

  On Demand
or Within 
Six Months 
$’000 

Within 
 One Year 
$’000 

Within 
Two Years 
$’000 

Within
Five Years 
$’000 

1,107 
326  
29  
-  

1,462 

 -  
-  
-  
-  

- 

-  
-  
-  
-  

- 

-   
-  
-  
-  

- 

  On Demand
or Within 
Six Months 
$’000 

Within 
 One Year 
$’000 

Within 
Two Years 
$’000 

Within
Five Years 
$’000 

Trade and other payables  

Total financial liabilities 

176 

176 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

At 31 December 2018 

  On Demand
or Within 
Six Months 
$’000 

Within 
 One Year 
$’000 

Within 
Two Years 
$’000 

Within
Five Years 
$’000 

Trade and other payables  

Total financial liabilities 

171 

171 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total
$’000

1,107
326
29
-

1,462

Total
$’000

176

176

Total
$’000

171

171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

c) Market Risk

Market risk arises from the group’s use of interest-bearing and foreign currency financial instruments.  It is the risk that 
the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in interest rates (interest rate risk) or 
foreign exchange rates (currency risk).  The group does not have any financial instruments that are publicly traded 
securities and is not exposed to other price risk associated with changes in the market prices of such securities.

d) Interest Rate Risk

The group has no borrowings, other than lease liabilities, in respect of which lease payments are fixed and do not carry 
interest rate risk.

The group invests its surplus cash in bank deposits denominated in US Dollars, Euros or Sterling, which bear interest 
based on short-term money market rates, and in doing so exposes itself to fluctuations in money market interest rates.  
The group’s surplus cash held in the form of bank deposits at 31 December 2019 was $10,270,000.  During 2019 
interest rates on money market deposits averaged at or below 0.5 percent in respect of Euro and Sterling deposits 
and at around 2 percent in respect of US Dollar deposits.  The annualized effect of an increase of 0.5 percent in the 
average interest rate received on the group’s bank deposits at the balance sheet date would result in an increase in the 
group’s and the company’s interest income of $51,000. 

The company had no interest-bearing bank deposits at the balance sheet date.

e) Currency Risk

The group’s policy is, where possible, to allow group entities to settle liabilities denominated in the functional currency 
with cash generated from their own operations in that currency.  The group also maintains cash and bank deposits in the 
currencies that are the functional currencies of its operating entities, which are the US Dollar, the Euro and Sterling.

The group is exposed to currency risk in respect of foreign currency denominated bank deposits and bank loans.  Taking 
into account the fact that a large proportion of the group’s income and expenditure arise in US Dollars and, to a lesser 
extent, in Euros, the group’s policy is not to seek to hedge such currency risk.

Foreign currency risk also arises where individual group entities enter into transactions denominated in currencies other 
than their functional currency, with fluctuations in exchange rates giving rise to gains or losses in the income statement.  
Where the foreign currency risk to the group is significant, consideration is given to hedging the risk through the forward 
currency market and, while this would be an economic hedge of the cash-flow risk, the group does not employ hedge 
accounting.

The following table shows the effects, all other things being equal, of changes to exchange rates on the group’s profit 
after tax and on the exchange differences on retranslation of the assets and liabilities of foreign operations that is 
recognized directly in equity.  It illustrates the effects if the exchange rates for Sterling and the Euro against the US 
Dollar had been higher or lower than those that actually applied during the year and at the year-end.

2019 

2018 

2019 

2018

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 
in Profit 
After Tax 
$’000 

Increase/ 
(Decrease) 
in Profit 
After Tax 
$’000 

Effect on
Exchange Differences
on Translation of
Assets and Liabilities
of Foreign Operations
$’000 

$’000 

(75) 
75 
170 
(170) 

   9 
(10) 
275 
(275) 

258 
(260) 
493 
(495) 

194
(194)
268 
(270)

Strengthening of Sterling in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Weakening of Sterling in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Strengthening of Euro in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Weakening of Euro in US Dollar terms by 10c  

The company holds certain assets, mainly bank deposits, and liabilities denominated in the functional currencies of its 
principal operating subsidiaries, which are the US Dollar, the Euro and Sterling.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

65

The following table shows the effects, all other things being equal, of changes to exchange rates at the year-end on the 
profit after tax of the company.  It is based on the company’s assets and liabilities at the relevant balance sheet date.

Strengthening of Sterling in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Weakening of Sterling in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Strengthening of Euro in US Dollar terms by 10c  
Weakening of Euro in US Dollar terms by 10c  

f) Capital

2018
2019 
Increase/(Decrease)
in Profit After Tax 
$’000

$’000 

86 
(86) 
95 
(95) 

123
 (123)

103   
(103)

The group considers its capital to comprise its share capital, its capital reserves (as set out in Note 24) and its retained 
earnings.  The group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.  In managing its capital, the group’s 
primary objective is to support the development of the group’s activities through to the point where they are cash generative 
on a sustained basis.

 The group’s share capital is all equity capital and is summarized in Note 23. 

2 3 .   S H A R E   C A P I TA L

Issued and Fully Paid 

2019 
  Number 

2019 
$’000 

2018 
Number 

Ordinary shares of 20 pence each 

 10,174,038 

3,126  10,143,766 

2018
$’000

3,118

Throughout the year, the company has had in issue one class of ordinary shares, which have at no time carried any right 
to fixed income.  During the year, 30,272 ordinary shares were issued in connection with the exercise of options at exercise 
prices ranging from 85p to 900p.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
66

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

2 4 .   C A P I TA L   R E S E R V E S

Group 

At 1 January 2018    
Issues of shares     
Recognition of share-based payments   
Lapsing or expiry of share options    

At 1 January 2019    
Issues of shares     
Recognition of share-based payments   
Lapsing or expiry of share options    

Share 
Premium 
$’000  

Equity 
Reserve 
$’000 

Special
Reserve 
$’000 

2,084 
174 
- 
- 

2,258 
97 
- 
- 

563 
- 
512 
(129) 

946 
- 
620 
(52) 

5,073 
- 
- 
- 

5,073 
- 
- 
- 

Total
$’000

7,720 
174
512
(129) 

8,277 
97
620
(52) 

At 31 December 2019    

2,355 

1,514 

5,073 

8,942

Company 

At 1 January 2018    
Issues of shares     
Recognition of share-based payments   
Lapsing or expiry of share options    

At 1 January 2019    
Issues of shares     
Recognition of share-based payments   
Lapsing or expiry of share options    

Share 
Premium 
$’000  

Equity 
Reserve 
$’000 

Special
Reserve 
$’000 

2,084 
174 
- 
- 

2,258 
97 
- 
- 

563 
- 
512 
(129) 

946 
- 
620 
(52) 

5,073 
- 
- 
- 

5,073 
- 
- 
- 

Total
$’000

7,720 
174
512
(129) 

8,277 
97
620
(52) 

At 31 December 2019    

2,355 

1,514 

5,073 

8,942

The equity reserve comprises the fair value of share-based payments made to employees pursuant to the group’s 
share option schemes, offset by credits arising from lapses due to the expiry of the option.

In addition, investment by the group’s employee share ownership trust (the “Esot”) in the company’s shares is deducted 
from equity in the consolidated balance sheet as if they were treasury shares, by way of deduction from the equity 
reserve.  At 31 December 2019, the Esot held 36,472 ordinary shares of 20p each in the company (2018: 36,472) 
which represents 0.4 percent (2018: 0.4 percent) of the company’s ordinary share capital.  The equity reserve includes 
a deduction of $46,000 (2018: $46,000) which represents the cost of the shares held by the Esot at 31 December 2019. 

The purpose of the Esot is to facilitate the company’s policy of offering participation in the ownership of its shares 
to employees for reward and incentive purposes.  At 31 December 2019 and at 31 December 2018, no shares held 
by the Esot were under option or had been gifted to any employees.  Arrangements for the distribution of benefits to 
employees will be made at the Esot’s discretion in such manner as the Esot considers appropriate.  Administration 
costs of the Esot are accounted for in the profit and loss account of the company as they are incurred.

The special reserve is a non-distributable reserve arising from a capital reorganization in 2013, which may be used, 
amongst other purposes as approved by the court, for the same purposes as if it were a share premium reserve.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

67

2 5 .   D I V I D E N D S

Dividends paid in year
Final dividend for 2018 of 3.25p per share paid in July 2019    

2019 
$’000 

2018
$’000

430  

337

The directors are proposing a final dividend of 3.25 pence per share in respect of the year ended 31 December 2019 
amounting to £331,000 ($437,000).

2 6 .   R E T I R E M E N T   B E N E F I T   P L A N S

The group operates defined contribution retirement benefit plans which employees are entitled to join.  The total 
expense recognized in the income statement of $442,000 (2018: $419,000) represents contributions paid to such plans 
at rates specified in the rules of the plans.

2 7 .   R E L AT E D   PA R T Y   T R A N S A C T I O N S

Details of transactions between the group and related parties are disclosed below.

Compensation of Key Management Personnel

Details of directors’ remuneration are given in Note 7.  The total remuneration of executive directors and members of 
the group’s operating and executive management committees during the year was as follows:

Emoluments and benefits   
Pension contributions   
Share-based payments   

2019 
$’000 

2,541 
67 
478 

3,086 

2018
$’000

2,957 
62 
369

3,388

Transactions with Related Parties who are Subsidiaries of the Company

The following is a summary of the transactions of the company with its subsidiaries during the year:

Net amounts repaid by subsidiaries 
Net management charges to subsidiaries 

2019 
$’000 

(1,167) 
634 

2018
$’000

(2,382)
713

The amounts owed by subsidiary companies to the parent company at 31 December 2019 totaled $48,415,000 
(2018: $47,108,000).  An amount of $14,793,000 (2018: $5,793,000), due from the group’s US and Dutch subsidiary 
companies, has been recognized in the parent company balance sheet, the balance of amounts due from subsidiaries 
remaining subject to full provision.  Amounts owed by subsidiary companies to the parent company are unsecured and 
are subordinated to the claims of all other creditors.

During 2019 and 2018, the company granted share options to employees of subsidiary companies.  Details of grants of 
share options are disclosed in Note 28.

Other Related Party Transactions

There were no other related party transactions during the year under review or the previous year.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
68

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

2 8 .   S H A R E - B A S E D   PAY M E N T S

Equity-settled Share Option Schemes

The group has a number of share option schemes for all employees.  Options are exercisable at a price equal to the 
market price on the date of grant.  The normal vesting periods are as set out below.

Vesting 

Sopheon plc (USA) stock option plan 
Sopheon UK approved share option scheme 
Sopheon UK unapproved share option scheme 
Sopheon NV share option scheme 

In three equal tranches between the first and third anniversary of grant
On third anniversary of grant
Immediate or as per USA plan
Immediate or as per USA plan 

 Details of the share options outstanding during 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

Outstanding at 1 January 2018 
Options granted in 2018 
Options exercised in 2018 
Options lapsed in 2018 

Outstanding at 1 January 2019 
Options granted in 2019 
Options exercised in 2019 
Options lapsed in 2019 

Outstanding at 31 December 2019 

Exercisable at 31 December 2019 

Exercisable at 31 December 2018        

  Number of 
Share 
 Options 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
£

       745,589 
     288,278 

1.76
7.03
(144,388)           1.09

(13,658) 

3.69    

        875,821 
30,000 
(30,272) 
(7,155) 

    868,394 

3.57
7.20
2.68
5.07 

3.72

    712,583 

2.97

585,264 

2.19 

During 2019, share options were exercised over 30,272 ordinary shares at exercise prices ranging from 85p to 900p.  
During 2018, options were exercised over 144,388 ordinary shares at exercise prices ranging from 55p to 565p.  The 
options outstanding at the end of the year have a weighted average contractual life of 5.9 years (2018: 6.8 years).

During the year share options were granted on 14 October 2019, when the exercise price of options granted was 720p 
and the estimated fair value was 426p.  During the preceding year share options were granted on 11 February 2018, 
when the exercise price of options granted was 565p and the estimated fair value was 335p and on 4 July 2018, when 
the exercise price of options granted was 900p and the estimated fair value was 533p.  

The fair values for options granted are calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.  The principal 
assumptions used were:

Date of Grant 

Share price at time of grant  
Exercise price  
Expected volatility   
Risk-free rate  
Expected dividend yield  

October 
2019 

720p  
720p  
40%  
5%  
0.5%  

July 
2018 

900p  
900p  
40%  
5%  
0.3%  

February
    2018

565p  
565p 
40%  
5%  

0.4%

The expected contractual life of the options used was ten years.  Expected volatility was determined by reference to the 
historic volatility of the company’s share price in the period before the date of grant.

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
  
 
      
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
  
 
           
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71

D I R E C T O R S

Barry Mence, Chairman. Barry Mence has served as executive chairman and as a director and 
substantial shareholder of Sopheon since its inception in 1993 when he was one of the founding 
members. From 1976 to 1990, Barry was the major shareholder and group managing director of 
the Rendeck Group of Companies, a software and services group based in the Netherlands. 

Andrew Michuda, Chief Executive Officer. Andrew (Andy) Michuda was appointed chief 
executive officer of Sopheon in 2000. From 1997 to 2000, he served as chief executive officer 
and an executive director of Teltech Resource Network Corporation, which was acquired by 
Sopheon. Prior to joining Sopheon, Andy held senior leadership positions at Control Data.

Arif Karimjee,  ACA, Chief Financial Officer. Arif Karimjee joined Sopheon as chief financial 
officer in 2000. Arif served as an auditor and consultant with Ernst & Young in the United 
Kingdom and Belgium from 1988 until joining Sopheon.

Stuart Silcock,  FCA, Non-Executive Director. Stuart Silcock has served as a director of Sopheon 
since its inception in 1993 when he was one of the founding members of the company. Since 
1982 Stuart has been a principal Partner in Lawford & Co chartered accountants. Stuart was 
a non-executive director of Brown and Jackson plc for four years from 2001 and has held a 
number of other directorships in the United Kingdom.

Daniel Metzger,  Non-Executive Director. Dan Metzger was until 1998 Lawson Software’s EVP 
Marketing, where he helped the company grow its revenues from $13m to $400m. Since then he 
has held similar roles at Parametric Technologies, and also at auxilium and nQuire, subsequently 
sold to Parametric and Siebel respectively. As a strategy consultant, Dan has helped numerous 
technology companies reach and exceed their growth objectives.