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Tanfield Group Plc

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FY2008 Annual Report · Tanfield Group Plc
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TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008  

                                                                                                                            Registered in England & Wales 
                                                                                                                   Company number 04061965 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2008 

CONTENTS 

Page 

Directors, Advisers and Officers 

Financial and Business Review 

Directors’ Report 

Corporate Governance 

Directors’ Remuneration Report 

Statement of Directors Responsibilities 

Independent Auditors Report 

Consolidated Income Statement 

Consolidated Balance Sheet 

Company Balance Sheet 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 

Company Cash Flow Statement 

Accounting Policies 

Notes to the Accounts 

1 

2 

6 

10 

13 

17 

18 

20 

21 

21 

22 

22 

23 

23 

24 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS, ADVISERS AND OFFICERS 

Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS 

Executive 
DS Kell 
CD Brooks 
BJ Campbell 
GE Allison 

Non-executive 
RRE Stanley 
Dr JN Bridge 
M Groak 
C Billiet 

SECRETARY 

CD Brooks 

REGISTERED OFFICE 

Vigo Centre 
Birtley Road 
Washington 
Tyne and Wear, NE38 9DA  

AUDITORS 

Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP 
1 St James’ Gate 
Newcastle upon Tyne 
NE1 4AD 

SOLICITORS 

Ward Hadaway 
Sandgate House 
102 Quayside 
Newcastle upon Tyne 
NE1 6AE 

NOMINATED ADVISOR 

Arbuthnot Securities 
Arbuthnot House 
20 Ropemaker St 
London 
EC2Y 9AR 

NOMINATED BROKERS 

Arbuthnot Securities 
Arbuthnot House 
20 Ropemaker St 
London 
EC2Y 9AR 

REGISTRARS  

Capita IRG plc  
Bourne House 
34 Beckenham 
BR3 4TH 

Chief Executive 
Finance Director 
Managing Director Powered Access 
Managing Director Zero Emission Vehicles 

Chairman 
Non executive Director 
Non executive Director 
Non executive Director 

Page 1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS REVIEW 

Financial Highlights 

•Turnover: £146m, +18% (2007: £123m) 

•Profit before exceptional items: £1.7m (2007: £12.8m) 

•Net cash at year end £11.1m 

•Impairment of goodwill, intangibles, inventory and receivables of £89.6m 

•Loss after impairment £88.5m 

Corporate Highlights 

•30% cost base reduction in 2008 

•Further 27% cost base reduction in 2009 

•Strong balance sheet remains after impairments 

•US joint venture and customers 

Chairman’s Statement 

After a profitable first half of the year, the Group encountered a downturn in its end markets in the second half of 
2008.  

The Powered Access Division was impacted by the swift decline in the economy, which led to a blanket suspension 
of fleet replacement and expansion programmes by major equipment rental companies along with the  almost 
complete withdrawal of financing globally for new aerial work platforms. 

The Zero Emission Vehicles Division experienced some supply chain constraints in 2008, coupled with several order 
postponements. Several customers involved in urban delivery operations delayed the step up from trials to volume 
fleet orders, in response to concerns over the effects of the economic downturn on their own revenues. 

Despite these challenges, we still succeeded in growing sales during 2008. Turnover in the period was £145.7m, an 
increase of 18% on 2007 (£123.3m) partially reflecting a full year of Snorkel. Profit from operations before 
restructuring of £1.7m represented a 87% decline, reflecting the more challenging trading conditions of the second 
half of 2008. 

As discussed in our Interim Results, during 2008 the Board undertook a review of Tanfield’s goodwill and other 
assets, particularly those arising from the acquisition of Snorkel Holdings LLC in 2007.  The result was a series of 
impairments totalling £89.7m. 

The balance sheet after the impairments remains strong with net assets of £85.8m and excess of current assets over 
current liabilities of £61.5m.  Cash at 31 December 2008 was £11.1m and this position is being maintained. 

This has been a challenging year for the Group. However, we are a business that is lean, nimble and focused, with a 
highly experienced management team, which reacted promptly and decisively to the adverse market conditions. 

Tanfield is well placed to trade through the downturn and to move rapidly when its end markets improve. I have great 
faith in the ability of all our people. I would like to thank everyone involved with Tanfield for their dedication and 
hard work and their continued efforts. 

Page 2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

Chief Executive’s Review 

Trading conditions, particularly in our Powered Access markets, remain challenging with little visibility. 

The swift and decisive steps taken to downsize the business have substantially mitigated the risk. This prompt action 
means that we can operate the business at a much lower break-even level than previously. Changes in the conditions 
of our end markets are constantly monitored, and we will take further actions, if necessary. 

During 2008 we reduced our cost base by 30%, including an annualised wage bill reduction of £11m. Since the New 
Year, we have implemented shorter working weeks across all business units and geographical territories. 
Furthermore, the Executive Directors have volunteered a 20% pay reduction during this period. 

The management maintains rigorous control of overheads and continually reviews the Group’s cost base. Given the 
restricted nature of the market, our visibility for 2009, in line with our peers, is limited, except to indicate that we 
expect to see a contraction in 2009 compared to 2008. 

Powered Access 

We continue to demonstrate that we can react quickly to the dynamic market conditions experienced in this sector. 
While the global outlook remains weak, we are maintaining our presence in all markets through our distributors and 
dealers. Across the industry there remains a significant oversupply of powered access platforms and this will take 
some time to work through. 

We are aggressively targeting the spare parts and refurbishment business, which is growing as owners seek to extend 
the working life of their aerial lifts. Our focus on the end user market has proven invaluable during this challenging 
period, as has our strategy of developing a dedicated distribution network. We continue to expand this global network 
and to support our dealers through targeted marketing initiatives, ensuring that they stay close to customers 
throughout the downturn. The relationships with dealers, distributors and customers that we forge during this period 
will position us well for when the market recovers. Despite the unique circumstances of the current recession, the 
longer term outlook for the powered access sector remains strong. 

Zero Emission Vehicles 

We continue to expand and strengthen our supply chain and we now have several motor, battery and electronics 
suppliers able to meet our stringent quality and availability requirements.  

The precipitous fall in demand across the entire commercial vehicle industry has impacted the electric vehicle sector.  
In spite of these unprecedented market conditions, our battery electric commercial vehicle offering is steadily gaining 
traction. 

We have entered into Heads of Terms for a joint venture, Smith Electric Vehicles US Corporation (SEV US Corp) to 
assemble our commercial electric vehicles for the North American market. Tanfield will own a 49% equity stake in 
SEV US Corp, with the balance in the hands of private US investors. SEV US Corp will produce vehicles from a 
facility in Kansas City, Missouri. SEV US Corp will invest $10m to fund its launch and has secured $3m in incentives 
from State and local government. The first US production model will be the Smith Newton truck, commencing in the 
third quarter of 2009. 

We believe that the new US administration’s proactive approach to electric vehicles has unlocked latent demand from 
major American corporations for our products. A number of these US corporates have signed letters of intent to 
become launch partners for our vehicles. These companies are willing to pay a premium for our electric vans and 
trucks, in order to gain early adopter advantage in what they perceive as the mainstream automotive technology of the 
near future.  

Tanfield has signed a collaboration agreement with Ford Motor Company to assemble the Ford Transit Connect 
battery electric vehicle (BEV) in North America. Due for launch in 2010, this light van will be the first BEV to 
deliver on Ford’s aggressive new electrification strategy. SEV US Corp will produce the vehicle in the USA on our 
behalf. The BEV Connect (Ampere) will also be available in the European market, assembled by Smith in the UK. 

Along with owning a 49% stake in SEV US Corp, our JV agreement includes a royalty payment per vehicle sold, £1m 
of which will be paid in advance. Given that Newton will not go into production until Q3, we anticipate relatively low 
numbers of vehicles for 2009. However, SEV US Corp retains the flexibility to ramp up production for 2010 and 
beyond. 

Page 3 

 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

In the UK, we continue to work closely with central Government and our Regional Development Agency, One North 
East, to further develop the electric vehicle agenda. Tanfield is a member of the newly-formed London Electric 
Vehicle Partnership, created with the desire to maintain London at the global forefront of EV adoption. We are 
shortlisted for the Department for Transport’s Low Carbon Vehicle Procurement Programme, with the aim of 
commercialising electric and low carbon vans through public sector procurement and expect a final decision on our 
inclusion shortly.  

With the European side of Ford, we recently unveiled a proof of concept vehicle – the “Tourneo Connect BEV” - 
which demonstrates the potential for our technologies to cross over into passenger vehicles. Given the positive 
response to this vehicle we are working with Ford to fully assess the market opportunity. 

Summary 

The management team is clearly focused on the generation of cash through operations and maximising the 
effectiveness of the working capital within the Group.   

The Group is debt-free, without banking covenants or interest costs and we do not anticipate this changing in the short 
to mid-term. We therefore believe we are well positioned to continue to ride out this downturn. 

Our experience and first mover advantage in the electric vehicle sector means we can capitalise upon the growing 
momentum behind this market, particularly once the trading environment normalises. Any UK-based public 
procurement initiatives, such as those we are witnessing in the USA, will help to significantly accelerate the 
penetration of electric vehicles into the corporate and SME markets. Similarly the infrastructure stimulus packages in 
the North American market, once active, will ultimately have an impact on the construction sector and we will benefit 
in turn. 

The Board remains confident of its ability to manage the growth of the business when macroeconomic conditions, the 
availability of credit, and customer confidence in our end-markets improve.  

Finance Director’s report 

The  Revenue  for  the  year  of  £145.7m  (an  18% increase  on  2007’s revenue  of  £123.3m) reflected  the  deteriorating 
market  conditions  faced  by  the  company  in  2008,  given  a  first  half  reported  revenue  of  £93m  and  a  full  year  of 
Snorkel.  Revenue reduced month on month from June onwards, ending the year at a low of £6.5m in the month of 
December. 
Significant cost base reductions have been implemented both by reducing headcount and minimising other areas of 
spend including property costs by terminating leases.  This has reduced the break-even point in response to the lower 
revenues.  The speed of response to the market changes has allowed the company to report a Profit from Operations 
of £1.7m before non-recurring items. 

Amortisation of Intangibles 
Profit from operations is reported after charging amortisation.  Of the £2.0m amortisation charged, £0.9m arose from 
the write down of intangibles in the first half of the year that were impaired at the half year (see below).   This is not 
expected to recur. 

Net operating expenses 
Operating expenses are stated net of operating income, which includes income from Government Grants and one off 
costs of establishing a credit line of £145k and aborted acquisition costs of £250k. 

Profit from Operations before Impairments and Restructuring costs 
The  Profit  from  Operations  before  Impairments  and  Restructuring  costs  was  £1.7m  (2007  £12.8m)  reflecting  the 
challenging market conditions in the second half of the year. 

Restructuring costs 
Restructuring  costs  of  £372k  in  the  year  arose  from  costs  related  to  the  headcount  reduction  implemented.    This 
amount  is  relatively  small  given  the  size  of  the  headcount  reduction  reflecting  the  short  service  history  of  many 
employees and redundancy regulations in the US.   

Impairment of Assets 
The huge changes in market prospects for the Powered Access division required a re-assessment of the carrying value 
of a number of assets on the balance sheet.  This review gave rise to impairments in a number of categories; intangible 

Page 4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

assets  and  goodwill  arising  from  the  acquisitions  of  Snorkel  and  UpRight  following  a  reappraisal  of  those  cash 
generating units’ value in use calculations, £44.5m; inventory, because of the impact of current trading conditions on 
product  mix,  overall  volumes,  supplier  failure  and  resourcing  decisions,  £22.2m;  trade  receivables,  reflecting  an 
assessment  of    the  impact  of  customers’  financial  viability  in  current  market  conditions  and  our  debt  collection 
strategies  on  their  collectability,  £22.9m.    These  impairments  were  made  at  June  2008  and  the  impairment  levels 
reflect the asset values at that time.  The year-end asset balances reflect the reduction in trading levels experienced 
since  June.  The  receivable  and  inventory  impairments  have  been  reviewed  since  June  in  response  to  the  further 
worsening of the market. 

Finance Expenses 
Finance Expenses in the year include the costs of marking to market an interest rate collar £516k. 

Loss before tax 
Given the impairments, the Loss before tax was £88.8m.  The Group net assets after charging this loss were £85.8m. 

Taxation 
The loss before tax creates trading losses that can be carried forward and used against future profits.  In recognition of 
these losses, a deferred tax asset of £1.8m has been created and added to the balance sheet. 

Earnings per share before impairments and restructuring costs 
Earnings per share before one off costs was (23.91p) (2007: 3.59p).  No dividend has been declared. (2007: nil) 

Net Cash 
At  31  December  2008, the  Group  had  cash  of  £11.1m.   The  cash  allows  the  business  to  trade  without  exposure  to 
financial covenants from banks or other institutions. 

Page 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The  directors  submit  their  report  and  the  financial  statements  of  Tanfield  Group  PLC  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2008. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

The company’s principal activity is that of a holding company. Tanfield Group PLC is the parent company of a 
group engaged mainly in the powered access, zero emission vehicle industries and engineering. 

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 

The financial result, for the twelve months to 31 December 2008 reflects the impact on the Tanfield Group plc of 
the decline in its global markets and its response to that decline. 

Turnover for the twelve month period grew to £146m which compares to £123m for the full  year to December 
2007. Although this is a growth of 18%, this reflects a strong first 5 months and then a decline month on month 
since June 2008.  

Profit  from  operations  before  impairments  and  restructuring  costs  and  tax  for  the  period  of  £1.7m  shows  a 
significant reduction from the £12.8m profit in the year to December 2007. The 2007 figure included an amount 
of £2m in relation to the recovery of a Snorkel customer debt.  

A  review  was  undertaken  of  the  carrying  value  of  assets  in  the  Powered  Access  division  given  the  significant 
changes to market prospects.  This review gave rise to impairments of those assets totaling £90m. 

After  restructuring  and  impairments,  the  loss  before  tax  for  the  period  of  £88.7m  reflects  the  impact  of  the 
impairments. 

The balance sheet remains very robust after impairments, with net assets at the end of December of £86m (£165m: 
December  2007).  Net  Current  Assets  were  £62m  (2007:  £110m)  with  cash  balances  in  excess  of  £11m  and no 
borrowing.    This  demonstrates  that  the  company  has  significant  levels  of  working  capital  allowing  it  to  work 
through the current trading conditions. 

No dividend has been paid or proposed for the year (2007: £nil). The loss of £89m (2007: Profit of £10.4m) has 
been transferred to reserves. 

REVIEW OF THE BUSINESS 

The  year  was  dominated  by  the  deterioration  in  trading  conditions  in  our  main  markets  and  the  company’s 
response to that deterioration. 

A detailed review of the business is included in the Business and Financial Review on pages 2 to 5.  

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 

The main focus in the short and medium term is one of managing through the difficult trading conditions, taking 
all  appropriate  steps  to  minimise  costs  and  preserve  cash  while retaining  skills  and resources  to respond  to any 
market improvements when they arise. 

Management policies will continue to be reviewed in the light of changing trading conditions. 

Page 6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued) 

POLITICAL AND CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS  

During the year, the group has made no political or charitable donations (2007 - £nil). 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The Group’s financial instruments comprise cash, finance leases, unsecured loan notes and short term debtors and 
creditors  arising  from  its  operations.  The  principal  financial  instruments  used  by  the  Group  are  cash  balances 
raised from share issues by the company and are applied in financing the group’s fixed assets. The Group has not 
established  a  formal  policy  on  the  use  of  financial  instruments  but  assesses  the  risks  faced  by  the  Group  as 
economic conditions and the Group’s operations develop.   

MARKET VALUE OF LAND AND BUILDINGS 

The directors are of the opinion that the market value of properties at 31 December 2008 would exceed the net book 
values included in the financial statements, but they are unable to quantify this excess in the absence of a professional 
valuation, the costs of  which are not considered justifiable in view  of the group’s intention to retain ownership of its 
existing properties for use in its business for the foreseeable future. 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

The  Group  maintains  a  development  programme  as  continuity  of  investment  in  this  area  is  essential  for  the 
maintenance of the Group’s market position and for future growth. 

EVENTS SINCE THE END OF THE YEAR 

There have been no significant events since the end of the year. 

DISABLED PERSONS  

The group will employ disabled persons  when they appear to  be suitable  for a particular vacancy and every effort is 
made to ensure that they are given full and fair consideration when such vacancies arise.  Where existing employees 
become disabled, it is the Group’s policy wherever practicable to provide continuing employment under normal terms 
and conditions and to provide training and career development to disabled employees wherever appropriate. 

EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT 

The  Group  encourages  the  involvement  of  its  employees  through  regular  dissemination  of  information  of 
particular concerns to employees.  

To  facilitate  this, the  company  undertakes  a  Communications  Forum  where  all  employees  are  represented  by  a 
colleague within their department at regular meetings with senior managers.   

Page 7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS REPORT 

DIRECTORS 

The present membership of the board is set out on page 1. GE Allison was appointed to the board on 23rd Sept 
2008. 

Directors shareholding  

Beneficial 
RRE Stanley 
DS Kell 
CD Brooks 
BJ Campbell 
M Groak 
G Allison 
JN Bridge 
C Billiet 

Ordinary shares of 
£ 0.01each 
31/12/2008    31/12/2007   

27,769,292 
1,700,000 
112,463 
111,979 
- 
104,207 
47,500 
294,000 

19,649,292 
- 
- 
6,119 
- 
- 
27,541 
- 

All directors have the right to acquire shares in the company via the exercise of options granted under the terms of 
their service contracts, copies of  which may  be inspected by shareholders upon written application to the company 
secretary.  Details  of  the  directors’  options  to  acquire  shares  are  set  out  in  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  on 
pages 13 to 16. 

POLICY ON PAYMENT OF CREDITORS  

It is group policy to agree and clearly communicate the terms of payment as part of the commercial arrangements 
negotiated with suppliers and then to pay according to those terms based on the timely receipt of an accurate invoice.  
The company supports and the UK based businesses follow the CBI Prompt Payers Code.  A copy of the code can be 
obtained from the CBI at Centre Point, 103 New Oxford Street, London WC1A 1DU. 

Trade creditor days based on creditors at 31 December 2008 were 77 days. (2007 – 64 days) 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS 

On 31 December 2008 the following held substantial shares in the company.  No other person has reported an interest 
of more than 3% in the ordinary shares. 

Nortrust Nominees 
Barclayshare Nominees 
TD Waterhouse Nominees (Europe) 
HSDL Nominees 
Productive Nominees 
HSBC Global Custody Nominee (UK) 
LR Nominees 
Prudential Client HSBC GIS Nominee 
Hargreaves Lansdown (Nominees) 

42,314,575 
32,799,010 
28,063,410 
21,502,543 
21,217,112 
20,525,985 
19,406,957 
14,644,718 
11,751,518 

As disclosed in the Directors report RRE Stanley holds shares of 7.5% which are held through nominee companies. 

DIRECTORS’ INTEREST IN CONTRACTS 

No director had a material interest at any time during the  year in any contract of significance, other than a service 
contract, with the company or any of its subsidiary undertakings. 

AUDITORS 

A  resolution  to  reappoint  Baker  Tilly  UK  Audit  LLP  as  auditors  will  be  put  to  the  members  at  the annual  general 
meeting. Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP has indicated its willingness to continue in office. 

Page 8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS' REPORT (continued) 

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS 

The  directors  in  office  on  the  date  of  approval  of  the  financial  statements  have  confirmed  that,  as  far  as  they  are 
aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditors are unaware. Each of the directors have confirmed 
that they have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that it has been communicated to the auditor. 

DIRECTORS INDEMNITY 

Every Director shall be indemnified by the company out of its own funds. 

Approved by the Board of Directors  
and signed on behalf of the Board 

Director 

16 April 2009 

Page 9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 
Principles of Corporate Governance 

The company is committed to high standards of corporate governance.  The Board is accountable to the company’s 
shareholders for good corporate governance.  The company has partially complied throughout the year with the code 
of  best  practice  set  out  in  Section  1  of  the  Combined  Code  2006  (effective  for  periods  commencing  on  or  after  1 
November 2006) appended to the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority.  

The role of the Board is to provide entrepreneurial leadership of the company within a framework of prudent and 
effective controls, which enables risk to be assessed and managed.  The Board sets the company’s strategic aims, 
ensures that the necessary financial and human resources are in place for the company to meet its objectives and 
reviews  management  performance.    The  Board  sets  the  company’s  values  and  standards  and  ensures  that  its 
obligations to its shareholders and others are understood and met.  

Board Structure 

During the year the Board comprised the Non-Executive Chairman and Chief Executive, three other Executive 
Directors, and three independent Non-Executive Directors.  Geoffrey Allison was appointed to the board on 23 
September 2008. 

Board Role 

The Board is responsible to shareholders for the proper management of the Group. The Non-Executive Directors 
have  a  particular  responsibility  to  ensure  that  the  strategies  proposed  by  the  Executive  Directors  are  fully 
considered.  To enable the Board to discharge its duties, all Directors have full and timely access to all relevant 
information  and  there  is  a  procedure  for  all  Directors,  in  furtherance  of  their  duties,  to  take  independent 
professional  advice,  if  necessary,  at  the  expense  of  the  Group.    The  Board  has  a  formal  schedule  of  matters 
reserved  to  it.    It  is responsible  for  overall  group  strategy,  approval  of  major  capital  expenditure  projects  and 
consideration  of  significant  financing  matters.  The  Board  met  on  six  separate  occasions  in  the  year  and  all 
Directors attended. 

Appointment and Induction of Directors 

The  composition  of  the  Board  is  kept  under  review  with  the  aim  of  ensuring  that  the  directors  collectively 
possess the necessary skills and experience to direct the Group’s business activities.  

Board Committees 

The Board delegates certain matters to its two principal committees, which deal with remuneration and audit. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee comprises John Bridge (Chair) and Martin Groak. 

The  Remuneration  Committee  determines  and  agrees  with  the  Board  the  framework  of  remuneration  for  the 
Executive Directors. The Board itself determines the remuneration of the Non-Executive Directors.  

There was one remuneration committee meeting in the period which was fully attended. 

The report on Directors’ remuneration is set out on pages 13 to 16. 

Page 10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) 

Audit Committee 

The  Audit  Committee  comprised  the  Non-Executive  Directors  Martin  Groak  (Chair),  Colin  Billiet  and  John 
Bridge. Meetings are also attended,  by invitation, by the  Non Executive Chairman, Chief Executive and Group 
Finance Director. 

The Audit Committee is responsible for: 

•  Reviewing the scope of external audit, to receive regular reports from Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP. 

•  Reviewing the half-yearly and annual accounts prior to their recommendation to the Board. 

•  Reviewing the Group’s internal financial controls and risk management systems and processes.  

•  Making  recommendations  on  the  appointment,  re-appointment  and  removal  of  external  auditors  and 

approving the terms of engagement. 

•  Reviewing  the  nature  of  the  work  and  level  of  fees  for  non-audit  services  provided  by  the  external 

auditors. 

•  Assessing the independence, objectivity and effectiveness of the external auditor. 

The committee met on two occasions during the year and they were fully attended. 

Internal Control 

The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  control  and  risk  management  and  for 
reviewing the effectiveness of this system. Such a system can only be designed to manage, rather than eliminate, 
the  risk  of  failure  to  achieve  business  objectives  and  can  therefore  only  provide  reasonable  and  not  absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss.  

The Board are of the  view that due to the current size and composition of the Group, that it is not necessary to 
establish an internal audit function.  

Relations with Shareholders 

The  Company  values  its  dialogue  with  both  institutional  and  private  investors.    Effective  two-way 
communication with fund managers, institutional investors and analysts is actively pursued and this encompasses 
issues such as performance, policy and strategy.   

Private investors are encouraged to participate in the Annual General Meeting at which the Chairman presents a 
review of the results and comments on current business activity.  The Chairmen of the Audit and Remuneration 
Committees will be available at the Annual General Meeting to answer any shareholder questions. 

Notice of Annual General Meeting will be issued in due course. 

Page 11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued) 

Going Concern 

The directors confirm that they are satisfied that the Company and Group have adequate resources to continue in 
business for the foreseeable future.  For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing 
the financial statements. 

Statement by the Directors on compliance with the Provisions of the Combined Code 

Throughout the year ended 31 December 2008, the Group has complied with the provisions set out in Section 1 
of the Combined Code.  

Darren Kell 
Chief Executive 

 16 April 2009 

Page 12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

  DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 

Remuneration Committee 

The  company  has  established  a  Remuneration  Committee  which  is  constituted  in  accordance  with  the 
recommendations of the Combined Code.  The members of the committee are JN Bridge and M Groak who are 
both non-executive directors and the committee is chaired by JN Bridge. 

In  determining  the  directors’  remuneration  for  the  year,  the  committee  consulted  the  Chief  Executive  DS  Kell 
and the Finance Director CD Brooks about its proposals.   

Remuneration Policy 

The  policy  of  the  committee  is to  reward  executive  directors in  order to  recruit, motivate  and retain high  quality 
executives within a competitive market place. 

There are four main elements of the remuneration packages for executive directors and senior management: 
•  Basic annual salary (including directors’ fees) and benefits; 
•  Annual bonus payments; 
•  Share option incentives; and 
•  Pension arrangements. 

Basic salary 

Basic salary is reviewed annually in March with increases taking effect from 1 April. In addition to basic salary, the 
executive directors also receive certain benefits in kind, principally private medical insurance. 

Annual bonus 

The committee establishes the objectives which must be met for each financial year if a cash bonus is to be paid. 
The purpose of the bonus is to reward executive directors and other senior employees for achieving above average 
performance  which  also  benefits  shareholders.  Whilst  bonuses  awarded  in  prior  years  relating  to  prior  year 
performance were paid in 2008, no bonuses were awarded or paid in relation to 2008 performance. 

Share options 

The executive and non-executive directors have options granted to them under the terms of the Share Option 
Scheme. There are no performance conditions attached to the share options. No share options were awarded in 
2008. 

Pension arrangements  

Executive  directors  are  members  of  a  money  purchase  pension  scheme  to  which  the  group  contributes.    Their 
dependants are  eligible  for dependants’ pension and the payment  of a lump sum in the event  of  death in service.  
No other payments to directors are pensionable. 

Page 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Directors’ contracts 

It  is  the  company’s  policy  that  executive  directors  should  have  contracts  with  an  indefinite  term  providing  for  a 
maximum of one year’s notice. In the event of early termination, the directors’ contracts provide for compensation 
up to a maximum of basic salary for the notice period. 

Non-executive directors 

The  fees  of non-executive directors are determined  by  the  board as a  whole having regard to the  commitment of 
time required and the level of fees in similar companies. 

Non-executive directors are employed on renewable fixed term contracts not exceeding three years. 

Performance graph 

The  following  graph  shows  the  company’s  performance,  measured  by  closing  share  price,  compared  with  the 
performance of the FTSE Aim All Share Index which has been selected by the Board as being the most appropriate 
measure as no readily identifiable benchmark group of companies exists. 

Share price

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

)
0
0
1
o
t
d
e
s
a
b
e
r
(
e
c
i
r
p
e
r
a
h
S

0
Mar-04

Sep-04 Mar-05

Sep-05 Mar-06

Sep-06 Mar-07

Sep-07 Mar-08

Sep-08 Mar-09

Time period -5yrs

TANFIELD GROUP

FTSE AIM ALL-SHARE 

Aggregate directors' remuneration 

The total amounts for director’s remuneration were as follows: 

Emoluments 
Gain on exercise of share options 
Money purchase pension contributions 
Total 

2008 
£000's 
1,379 
- 
87 
1,466 

2007 
£000's 
1,339 
10,015 
60 
11,414 

Page 14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Directors emoluments 

Salary 
£000's 

Benefits 
in kind  Bonuses 
£000's 
£000's 

Total           
2008 
£000's 

Total                
2007 
£000's 

Pension 
Total       
2008 
£000's 

Pension 
Total       
2007 
£000's 

Executive Directors 

RRE Stanley 
DS Kell 
CD Brooks 
BJ Campbell 
GE Allison* 

Non Executive Directors 

JN Bridge 
M Groak 
C Billiet 

119 
227 
161 
161 
24 

25 
25 
25 

18 
18 
18 
18 
- 

- 
- 
- 

150 
167 
92 
92 
24 

5 
5 
5 

287 
412 
271 
271 
48 

30 
30 
30 

369 
438 
270 
200 
- 

25 
25 
12 

18 
22 
15 
31 
1 

- 
- 
- 

19 
16 
12 
13 
- 

- 
- 
- 

767 

72 

540 

1,379 

1,339 

87 

60 

*GE Allison was appointed to the board on 23 Sept 2008. 

Directors share options 

As at 
31/12/2007 

Granted/ 
Lapsed 

Exercised 

As at 
31/12/2008 

Market 
Price at 
date of 
exercise 
(pence) 

Date from 
which 
normally 
exercisable* 

Exercise 
Price 
(pence) 

Expiry Date 

DS Kell 

RRE Stanley 

CD Brooks 

BJ Campbell 

JN Bridge 

M Groak 

2,056,671 

4,300,000 

6,356,671 

4,000,000 

1,250,000 

1,000,000 

2,250,000 

700,000 

250,000 

1,600,000 

2,550,000 

150,000 

150,000 

15,456,671 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,056,671 

4,300,000 

6,356,671 

4,000,000 

1,250,000 

1,000,000 

2,250,000 

700,000 

250,000 

1,600,000 

2,550,000 

150,000 

150,000 

15,456,671 

20p 

20p 

20p 

23p 

20p 

1p 

20p 

20p 

20p 

20p 

01/03/2009 

01/03/2016 

02/01/2010 

02/01/2017 

02/01/2010 

02/01/2017 

14/06/2009 

14/06/2016 

02/01/2010 

02/01/2017 

14/09/2008 

14/09/2015 

01/03/2009 

01/03/2016 

02/01/2010 

02/01/2017 

01/03/2009 

01/03/2016 

01/03/2009 

01/03/2016 

* Certain share option agreements have a clause that allows the options to be exercised early if market 
capitalisation exceeds a certain level. 

On 31 December 2008 the market price of the ordinary shares was 5p. The range during 2008 was 3.5p to 
124.75p. 

Page 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Approval 

This report was approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 16 April 2009 and signed on its 
behalf by: 

John Bridge 
Chairman of Remuneration Committee 

16 April 2009 

Page 16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

    DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

UK company law requires the directors to prepare Group and Company Financial Statements for each financial 
year.    Under  that  law  the  directors  are  required  to  prepare  Group  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  adopted  by  the  EU  and  have  elected  to  prepare  the 
company financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU. 

The group financial statements are required by law and IFRS adopted by the EU to present fairly the financial 
position  and  performance  of  the  group;  the  Companies  Act  1985  provides  in  relation  to  such  financial 
statements that references in the relevant part of that Act to financial statements giving a true and fair view are 
references to their achieving a fair presentation. 

The company financial statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the 
company.   

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

In preparing each of the group and company financial statements, the directors are required to: 
a. 
b.  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
c. 
d. 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRS adopted by the EU; 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
group and the company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any  time  the  financial  position  of  the  company  and  to  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements 
comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 1985.   

They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors are also responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Tanfield Group plc website. 

Legislation  in  the  United  Kingdom  governing the  preparation  and  dissemination  of  financial  statements may 
differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Page 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TANFIELD GROUP 
PLC  

We have audited the group and parent company financial statements which comprise the Consolidated Income 
Statement, the Consolidated and Company Balance Sheets, the Consolidated and Company Cash Flow Statements, 
the Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and the related notes.  

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with section 235 of the Companies 
Act 1985.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we 
are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, 
we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, 
for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 

The  directors’  responsibilities  for  preparing  the  Annual  Report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) are 
set out in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities.  

Our responsibility  is  to  audit  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with relevant  legal  and regulatory  requirements  and 
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).  

We report to you our opinion as to whether the financial statements give a true and fair view and whether the financial 
statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985.  We also report to you whether 
in our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the financial statements. 

In addition we report to you if the company has not kept proper accounting records, if we have not received all the 
information and explanations we require for our audit, or if information specified by law regarding directors’ 
remuneration and other transactions is not disclosed. 

We read other information contained in the Annual Report and consider whether it is consistent with the audited financial 
statements.  The other information comprises only the Financial and Business Review, the Directors’ Report, Corporate 
Governance Report and Directors’ Remuneration Report. We consider the implications for our report if we become aware 
of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the financial statements.  Our responsibilities do not extend 
to any other information. 

Basis of audit opinion 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK  and  Ireland)  issued  by  the 
Auditing Practices Board.  An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts and 
disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  It  also  includes  an  assessment  of  the  significant  estimates  and  judgements 
made  by  the  directors  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements,  and  of  whether  the  accounting  policies  are 
appropriate to the group’s and company’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately disclosed. 

We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the information and explanations which we considered 
necessary in order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are 
free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or error.  In forming our opinion we 
also evaluated the overall adequacy of the presentation of information in the financial statements. 

Page 18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tanfield Group PLC 

Opinion 
In our opinion: 
• 

the  group  financial  statements  give  a  true  and  fair  view,  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the 
European Union of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2008 and of its loss for the year then 
ended; 
the parent company  financial statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1985, of the state of 
the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2008; 
the financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985; and 
the information given in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the financial statements.  

• 

• 
• 

BAKER TILLY UK AUDIT LLP 
Registered Auditor 
Chartered Accountants 
1 St James’ Gate 
Newcastle upon Tyne 
NE1 4AD 

16 April 2009 

Page 19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT  

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

Note 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

Continuing operations 

Revenue 
Changes in inventories of finished goods and WIP 
Raw materials and consumables used 
Staff costs 
Depreciation and amortisation expense 
Other operating income 
Other operating expenses 
Restructuring costs  
Profit from operations 
Impairment of Goodwill 
Impairment of Intangible assets 
Impairment of Property, plant & equipment 
Impairment of Inventories 
Impairment of Receivables 
(Loss) / profit from continuing operations 

Finance income 
Finance costs 
(Loss) / profit before taxation 
Income tax expense 

(Loss) / profit for the year from continuing operations 

Discontinued operations 
Loss for year from discontinued operations 

(Loss) / Profit for the year 

Earnings per share 
From continuing operations 
Basic  
Diluted 

From continuing and discontinued operations 
Basic  
Diluted 

2 

4 
5 

6 

31 
31 
11 
31 
31 

7 
7 

8 

9 

10 

145,734 
4,808 
(102,724) 
(32,197) 
(3,195) 
500 
 (11,221) 
(372) 
1,333 
(31,895) 
(12,605) 
(83) 
(22,185) 
(22,894) 
(88,329) 

457 
(913) 
(88,785) 
239 

(88,546) 

123,288 
8,702 
(87,980) 
(23,667) 
(2,724) 
2,769 
 (7,560) 
(1,270) 
11,558 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
11,558 

1,210 
(331) 
12,437 
(560) 

11,877 

- 

(1,484) 

(88,546) 

10,393 

(23.91)p 
(23.91)p 

(23.91)p 
(23.91)p 

3.59p 
3.41p 

3.14p 
2.99p 

Page 20 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE SHEETS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2008 

ASSETS 
Non current assets 
Goodwill 
Intangible assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Deferred tax assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Investments 

Current assets 
Inventories 
Trade and other receivables 
Investments 
Current tax assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Tax liabilities 
Obligations under finance leases 
Other creditors 

Non-current liabilities 
Other creditors 
Obligations under finance leases 
Deferred tax liabilities 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Share option reserve 
Loan stock equity reserve 
Merger reserve 
Capital reduction reserve 
Translation reserve 
Profit and loss account 
TOTAL EQUITY 

TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

Group 
2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

Company 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

Note 

12 
13 
11 
22 
16 
14 

15 
16 
17 

16 

18 

20 
21 

21 
20 
22 

24 
27 
27 
27 
27 
27 
25 
26 

356 
15,153 
6,346 
1,779 
1,500 
- 
25,134 

60,560 
20,595 
251 
- 
11,130 
92,536 

32,244 
22,685 
6,098 
785 
- 
- 
61,812 

60,352 
47,197 
120 
1,459 
27,952 
137,080 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
15,124 
15,124 

- 
59,732 
- 
- 
5,372 
65,104 

- 
- 
- 
278 
- 
50,048 
50,326 

- 
82,133 
- 
- 
24,607 
106,740 

117,670 

198,892 

80,228 

157,066 

19,807 
687 
565 
9,954 
31,013 

- 
569 
307 
876 

26,406 
- 
684 
467 
27,557 

5,021 
1,100 
- 
6,121 

769 
- 
10 
5,720 
6,499 

- 
- 
- 
- 

31,889 

33,678 

6,499 

3,704 
138,511 
1,653 
- 
1,534 
7,228 
9,290 
(76,139) 
85,781 

3,703 
138,493 
992 
- 
1,534 
7,228 
879 
12,385 
165,214 

3,704 
138,511 
1,653 
- 
1,534 
7,228 
- 
(78,901) 
73,729 

327 
- 
120 
- 
447 

5,021 
10 
- 
5,031 

5,478 

3,703 
138,493 
992 
- 
1,534 
7,228 
338 
(700) 
151,588 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

117,670 

198,892 

80,228 

157,066 

The  financial  statements  on  pages  20  to  55  were  approved  by  the  board  of  directors  and  authorised  for 
issue on 16 April 2009 and are signed on its behalf by: 

Charles Brooks  FD 

Page 21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

Share 
capital 

£000's 

Share 
premium 

Share 
Option 
reserve 

Loan  
Stock 
reserve 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

Balance at 1 January 2007 

2,921 

29,578 

255 

Issue of ordinary share capital (net of expenses) 

706 

107,893 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Exercise of share options 

Share option provision 
Foreign exchange  differences on  retranslation  of 
net assets of subsidiary undertakings 

Net profit for the year 

8 

68 

- 

- 

- 

- 

67 

955 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

737 

- 

- 

Balance at 1 January 2008 

3,703 

138,493 

992 

Issue of ordinary share capital (net of expenses) 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Exercise of share options 

Share option provision 
Foreign exchange  differences on  retranslation  of 
net assets of subsidiary undertakings 

Net loss for the year 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

661 

- 

- 

Balance at 31 December 2008 

3,704 

138,511 

1,653 

6 

- 

(6) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Merger 
reserve 

£000's 

1,534 

Capital  
Reduction 
reserve 

£000's 

7,228 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Profit 
and 
loss 
account 

Total 
Equity 

Translation 
reserve 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

879 

1,896 

43,418 

- 

- 

- 

96 

- 

- 

108,599 

69 

1,023 

96 

737 

879 

- 

10,393 

10,393 

1,534 

7,228  

879 

12,385 

165,214 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8,411 

- 

- 

- 

- 

22 

- 

- 

- 

19 

- 

683 

8,411 

- 

(88,546) 

(88,546) 

1,534 

7,228 

9,290 

(76,139) 

85,781 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

Share 
capital 

£000's 

Share 
premium 

Share 
Option 
reserve 

Loan  
Stock 
reserve 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

Balance at 1 January 2007 

2,921 

29,578 

255 

Issue of ordinary share capital (net of expenses) 

706 

107,893 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Exercise of share options 

Share option provision 
Foreign exchange  differences on  retranslation  of 
net assets of subsidiary undertakings 

Net loss for the year 

8 

68 

- 

- 

- 

- 

67 

955 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

737 

- 

- 

Balance at 1 January 2008 

3,703 

138,493 

992 

Issue of ordinary share capital (net of expenses) 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Exercise of share options 

Share option provision 
Foreign exchange  differences on  retranslation  of 
net assets of subsidiary undertakings 

Net loss for the year 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

661 

- 

- 

Balance at 31 December 2008 

3,704 

138,511 

1,653 

6 

- 

(6) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Merger 
reserve 

£000's 

1,534 

Capital  
Reduction 
reserve 

£000's 

7,228 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,534 

7,228  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,534 

7,228 

Profit 
and 
loss 
account 

Total 
Equity 

Translation 
reserve 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

338 

- 

338 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(338) 

- 

- 

(505) 

43,418 

- 

- 

- 

96 

- 

- 

108,599 

69 

1,023 

96 

737 

338 

(291) 

(291) 

(700) 

151,588 

- 

- 

- 

- 

22 

- 

- 

- 

19 

- 

683 

(338) 

(78,223) 

(78,223) 

(78,901) 

73,729 

Page 22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

Operating Activities 
Cash used in operations 
Income taxes received (paid) 
Interest paid 
Net Cash used in Operating activities 

Investing Activities 
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of overdraft acquired 
Purchase of investments in subsidiary undertakings 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Payment of deferred consideration 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
Purchase of investments 
Purchase of intangible fixed assets 
Interest received 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing Activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Repayment of borrowings 
Repayments of obligations under finance leases 
Net cash from financing 

Net (Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash 
Equivalents 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of Year 
Effect of foreign exchange changes 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of Year 

TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

Note 

29 

Group 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

Company 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

(10,935) 
510 
(913) 
(11,338) 

(29,041) 
(2,943) 
(331) 
(32,315) 

(20,491) 
- 
(38) 
(20,529) 

(56,574) 
- 
(32) 
(56,606) 

- 
- 
(1,087) 
(252) 
623 
(45) 
(6,431) 
457 
(6,735) 

(44,564) 
- 
(1,851) 
- 
758 
(23) 
(2,949) 
1,210 
(47,419) 

19 
- 
(693) 
(674) 

109,622 
(14,904) 
(621) 
94,097 

- 
(42,591) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,089 
(41,502) 

- 
- 
- 
(252) 
- 
- 
- 
785 
533 

19 

-                

109,622 
- 
-                  

      (120)         
(101) 

109,622 

(18,747) 
27,952 
1,925 
11,130 

14,363 
13,546 
43 
27,952 

(20,097) 
24,607 
862 
5,372 

11,514 
13,093 
- 
24,607 

Page 23 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as 
adopted  by  the  EU  (“IFRS”),  IFRIC  interpretations  and  the  Companies  Act  1985  applicable  to  Companies 
reporting under IFRS.   

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis.  The  principal  accounting  policies 
adopted are set out below. 

Basis of consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  incorporate  the  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  enterprises 
controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each year. The excess of cost of acquisition 
over  the  fair  values  of  the  Group’s  share  of  identifiable  net  assets  acquired  is  recognised  as  goodwill.    Any 
deficiency  of  the  cost  of  acquisition  below  the  fair  value  of  identifiable  net  assets  acquired  (i.e.  discount  on 
acquisition) is recognised directly in the income statement.   

The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group.  The costs of 
an acquisition are measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or 
assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition.  Identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  at  the 
acquisition date irrespective of the extent of any minority interest. 

The  results  of  subsidiaries  acquired  or  disposed  of  during  the  year  are  included  in  the  consolidated  income 
statement from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. 

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies 
used into line with those used by other members of the Group. 

All  intra-group  transactions,  balances,  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  group  companies  are 
eliminated on consolidation.  Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of 
an impairment of the asset transferred. 

Taxation 

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax. 

The  tax  currently  payable  is  based  on  taxable  profit  for  the  year.    Taxable  profit  differs  from  net  profit  as 
reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible 
in  other  years  and  it  further  excludes  items  that  are  never  taxable  or  deductible.  The  Group’s  liability  for 
current tax is calculated by using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet 
date. 

Deferred tax  is  the tax  expected  to  be  payable  or recoverable  on  differences  between  the  carrying  amount of 
assets  and  liabilities  in  the  financial  statements  and  the  corresponding  tax  bases  used  in  the  computation  of 
taxable  profit,  and  is  accounted  for  using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  are 
recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is 
probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 
Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial 
recognition  (other  than  in  a  business  combination)  of  other  assets  and  liabilities  in  a  transaction  which  affects 
neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit. 

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries 
except  where the Group is able to  control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or 
the  liability  is  settled.  Deferred  tax  is  charged  or  credited  in  the  income  statement,  except  when  it relates  to 
items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. 

Page 24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Taxation (cont) 
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that 
it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be 
recovered. 

Goodwill 

Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group’s interest in 
the  fair  value  of  the  identifiable  assets and liabilities of a subsidiary, associate  or jointly controlled entity at  the 
date of acquisition.  

Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included as a non current asset.   

Goodwill  is  recognised  as  an  asset  and  reviewed  for  impairment  at  least  annually.  Any  impairment  is 
recognised immediately in the income statement and is not subsequently reversed. 

Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing.   

On disposal of a subsidiary the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of the profit or 
loss on disposal. 

Revenue recognition 

Service  revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  receivable  and  represents 
amounts receivable  for goods and services provided in the normal course of  business, net of discounts, VAT 
and other sales related taxes. 

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when goods are delivered and title has passed. 

Leasing 

Leases are classified as finance leases  whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and 
rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value or, if lower, at the present 
value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments,  each  determined  at  the  inception  of  the  lease.  The  corresponding 
liability  to  the  lessor  is  included  in  the  balance  sheet  as  a  finance  lease  obligation.  Lease  payments  are 
apportioned  between  finance  charges  and  reduction  of  lease  obligation  so  as  to  achieve  a  constant  rate  of 
interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged directly against income.  

Rentals  payable  under  operating  leases  are  charged  to  income  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the 
relevant lease. 

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to enter an operating lease are also spread on a straight line 
basis over the lease term. 

Investments 

Investments are included at cost less amounts written off. 

Page 25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Borrowing costs 

All borrowing costs are recognised in the income statement in the period in which they are incurred. 

Pensions 

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due. 

Share Based Payments 

The Group issues equity-settled share based payments to certain employees and has applied the requirements of 
IFRS2 “Share-based payments”.  

Equity settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of the grant. Fair value is measured 
using a Black-Scholes model. The fair value is expensed on a straight line basis over the vesting period, based 
on the Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest. 

Foreign currencies 

Transactions in currencies other than sterling, the presentational and functional currency  of the Company, are 
recorded  at  the  rates  of  exchange  prevailing  on  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  At  each  balance  sheet  date, 
monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing 
on  the  balance  sheet  date.  Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  carried  at  fair  value  that  are  denominated  in 
foreign currencies are translated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Gains 
and  losses  arising  on  retranslation  are  included  in  the  income  statement  for  the  period,  except  for  exchange 
differences on non-monetary assets and liabilities, which are recognised directly in equity, where the changes in 
fair value are recognised directly in equity. 

In order to hedge its exposure to certain foreign exchange risks, the Group enters into forward contracts (see 
below for details of the Group’s accounting policies in respect of such derivative financial instruments). 

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s overseas operations are translated at exchange rates 
prevailing on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for 
the  period.  Exchange  differences  arising,  if  any,  are  classified  as  equity  and  transferred  to  the  Group’s 
translation reserve. Such translation differences are recognised as income or as expenses in the period in which 
the operation is disposed of. 

Goodwill  and  fair  value  adjustments  arising  on  the  acquisition  of  a  foreign  entity  are  treated  as  assets  and 
liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the closing rate. 

Page 26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Property, plant and equipment 

Land  and  buildings  held  for  use  in  the  production  or  supply  of  goods  or  services,  or  for  administrative 
purposes, are stated in the balance sheet at cost less any subsequent accumulated depreciation.  

Fixtures and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recognised impairment loss. 

Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of assets over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-
line method, on the following bases: 

Plant and Machinery                                   over 3-10 years 

Short Leasehold Property Alterations        over the lifetime of the lease 

Fixtures, fittings  and equipment                over 3-10 years 

Motor Vehicles                                            over 3-5 years 

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives  on the same basis as owned 
assets or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease. 

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the difference between the 
sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss. 

Internally-generated intangible assets – research and development expenditure 

Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. 

An internally-generated intangible asset arising from the Group’s business development is recognised only if 
all of the following conditions are met: 

• 
• 
• 

an asset is created that can be identified; 
it is probable that the asset created will generate future economic benefits; and 
the development cost of the asset can be measured reliably 

Where no internally-generated intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised as an 
expense in the period in which it is incurred. 

Internally-generated  intangible  assets  are  amortised  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  their  useful  lives.  (10  to  15 
years) 

Other intangible assets  

Computer Software is stated at cost less any accumulated amortisation. The software is amortised over a period 
of 5 years on a straight line basis.  

Other intangible  assets  have  been  brought  in  on  the acquisition  of  businesses  and  capitalised  at a  fair  value. 
The intangible assets are amortised over the relevant period, ranging from 2 to 10 years on a straight line basis. 

Manufacturing schedules have been brought in on the acquisition of businesses and capitalised at a fair value. 
The intangible assets are amortised over 10 years on a straight line basis. 

Page 27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets excluding goodwill 

At  each  balance  sheet  date,  the  Group  reviews  the  carrying  amounts  of  its  tangible  and  intangible  assets  to 
determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication 
exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss. 
Where the asset  does not generate  cash  flows  that are independent  from  other assets,  the  Group  estimates  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  cash-generating  unit  to  which  the  asset  belongs.  An  intangible  asset  with  an 
indefinite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be 
impaired. 

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the 
estimated  future  cash  flows  are  discounted  to  their  present  value  using  a  pre-tax  discount  rate  that  reflects 
current  market  assessments  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  the  risks  specific  to  the  asset  for  which  the 
estimates of future cash flows have been adjusted. 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, 
the carrying amount of the asset (cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is 
recognised as an expense immediately, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the 
impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease. 

Where  an  impairment  loss  subsequently  reverses,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  (cash-generating  unit)  is 
increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the 
asset (cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately, 
unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated 
as a revaluation increase. 

Inventories 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where 
applicable, direct labour costs and those  overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their 
present  location  and  condition.  Cost  is  calculated  using  the  weighted  average  method.  Net  realisable  value 
represents  the  estimated  selling  price  less  all  estimated  costs  to  completion  and  costs  to  be  incurred  in 
marketing, selling and distribution. 

Financial instruments 

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  recognised  on  the  Group’s  balance  sheet  when  the  Group  has 
become a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Trade receivables 

Trade  receivables  do  not  carry  any  interest  and  are  stated  at  their  nominal  value  as  reduced  by  appropriate 
allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand less short term bank overdrafts. 

Page 28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING 
POLICIES (continued) 

TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

Financial instruments (continued) 

Financial liabilities and equity 

Financial  liabilities  and  equity  instruments  are  classified  according  to  the  substance  of  the  contractual 
arrangements entered into.  An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets 
of the group after deducting all of its liabilities. 

Convertible loan notes 

Convertible loan notes are regarded as compound instruments, consisting of a liability component and an 
equity component. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing 
market interest rate for similar non-convertible debt. The difference between the proceeds of issue of the 
convertible loan notes and the fair value assigned to the liability  component, representing the embedded 
option to convert the liability into equity of the Group, is included in equity. 

Issue costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible loan notes based on 
their relative carrying amounts at the date of issue.  The portion relating to the equity component is charged 
directly against equity. 

Trade payables 

Trade payables are not interest bearing and are stated at their nominal value. 

Equity instruments 

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. 

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting 

The Group transacts derivative financial instruments to manage the underlying exposure to foreign exchange 
risks.    The  Group  does  not  transact  derivative  financial  instruments  for  speculative  purposes.    Derivative 
financial assets are included in the balance sheet at fair value.  Changes in fair value are recognised directly in 
equity  where  they  qualify  for hedge  accounting  because  they  have  been  designated  as hedges  of  future  cash 
flows, otherwise they are recognised in the income statement as they arise. 

Government grants 

Government  grants  towards  staff  re-training  costs  are  recognised  as  income  over  the  periods  necessary  to 
match them with the related costs and are deducted in reporting the related expense. 

Government grants relating to property, plant and equipment are treated as deferred income and released 
to profit and loss over the expected useful lives of the assets concerned. 

Segmental reporting 

A  business  segment  is  a  group  of  assets  and  operations  that  provide  a  product  or  service  and  that  is 
subject  to  risks  and  returns  that  are  different  from  other  business  segments.  A  geographic  segment  is  a 
group of assets and operations that provide a product or service within a particular economic environment 
and that is  subject  to  risks  and returns that  are  different from  segments  operating  in  different  economic 
environments. 

Page 29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING 
POLICIES (continued) 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

Estimates  and  judgements  are  continually  evaluated  and  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  other 
factors,  including  expectations  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances.  The  resulting  accounting  estimates  and  assumptions  will,  by  definition,  seldom  equal  the 
related  actual  results.    The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below. 

Goodwill 
The  recoverable  amount  of  cash  generating  units  are  determined  on  value  in  use  calculations.    These 
calculations  require  the  use  of  estimates,  including  management’s  expectations  of  future  revenue  growth, 
operating costs and profit margins for each cash generating unit and a discount rate in order to calculate present 
value. 

Intangible assets 
Amortisation  of  intangible  assets  is  charged  to  the  income  statement  on  a  straight  line  basis  over  the  useful 
economic lives of each intangible asset.  The Directors review the assumptions made at the time of acquisitions 
in the light of current evidence in the market, and estimated useful economic lives and revisited the carrying 
value  of  each  intangible  asset.    Significant  changes  in  the  carrying  values  assessed  are  charged  through  the 
income statement as an impairment. 

Trade receivables 
The Group regularly assesses the recoverability of its trade receivables  based  on a range of factors including 
the  age  of  the  receivable,  creditworthiness  of  the  customer,  any  credits  required  to  release  payments,  and 
changes in that customer’s access to credit to fund their purchases. When determining the recoverability of an 
account  the  Group  makes  estimations  as  to  the  financial  condition  of  each  customer,  their  importance  in 
providing  a  route  to  market,  any  debt  collection  strategy  in  place  and  their  ability  to  subsequently  make 
payment or provide other future revenue benefits.   

Inventories 
In accordance with IAS2 the group regularly reviews its inventory to ensure it is carried at the lower of cost or 
net  realisable  value.    The  management  constantly  reviews  slow  moving  and  obsolete  items  arising  from 
changes  in  the  product  mix  demanded  by  customers,  reductions  in  overall  volumes,  supplier  failures  and 
strategic  resourcing  decisions.  Obsolescence  provisions  are  calculated  based  on  current  market  values  and 
future  sales  of  inventories.    In  situations  where  market  demand  changes,  significantly  altering  production 
volumes,  inventories  are  reviewed  to  ensure  that  components  have  a  realistic  likelihood  of  being  used  in 
current models in a reasonable timeframe.  If this review identifies significant levels of obsolete inventory, this 
obsolescence is charged to the income statement as an impairment.   

Adoption of International accounting standards 

IFRS 2 (Amendment) "Share-based payment" (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 
2009).  This  amendment  clarifies  that  vesting  conditions  are  service  conditions  and  performance  conditions 
only and that all cancellations, whether by the entity or by  other parties, should receive the same accounting 
treatment.  Management do not believe that the impact of the change in disclosure will be significant 

IFRS 3 (Revised) "Business combinations" (effective for business combinations occurring in accounting 
periods  beginning  on  or  after  1  July  2009).  This  standard  continues  to  apply  the  acquisition  method  to 
business combinations. However, it introduces a number of changes that will impact the amount of goodwill 
recognised, the reported results in the period that an acquisition occurs, and future reported results. The Group 
will apply this standard from 1 Jan 2010 as applicable. 

IFRS 8 ‘Operating Segments’ (effective for periods commencing on or after 1 January 2009). 
IFRS 8 introduces new disclosure requirements for segmental information and supersedes IAS 14 “Segmental 
Reporting”.  Management do not believe that the impact of the change in disclosure will be significant. 

Page 30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING 
POLICIES (continued) 

IAS 1 (Revised) "Presentation of financial statements" (effective for annual periods beginning on or 
after 1 January 2009). The new standard separates owner and non-owner changes in equity. The statement of 
changes in equity will include only details of transactions with owners, with non-owner changes in equity 
presented as a single line. In addition, the Standard introduces the statement of comprehensive income which 
presents all items of recognised income and expense, either in one single statement, or in two linked 
statements. The Group will apply this revision to IAS 1 from 1 January 2009 and is currently evaluating 
whether it will present one or two statements.  

IAS 23 (Amendment) "Borrowing costs" (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 
2009). This amendment requires an entity to capitalise borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, 
construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset, removing the option to 
immediately expense those borrowing costs.   The group currently has no borrowing costs. 

IFRS 1 (Amendment) "First-time adoption of IFRSs" and IAS 27 (Amendment) "Consolidated and 
Separate Financial Statements" (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009). The 
amendments to IFRS 1 allows an entity to determine the cost of investments in subsidiaries, jointly controlled 
entities or associates in its opening IFRS financial statements in accordance with IAS 27 or using a deemed 
cost. The amendment to IAS 27 requires all dividends from a subsidiary, jointly controlled entity or associate 
to be recognised in the income statement in the separate financial statements. The Group will apply these 
amendments from 1 January 2009. This will have no impact on the Company as the financial statements are 
already prepared under IFRS.   

Page 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

1 

Presentation of Financial Statements 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards as endorsed by the EU (“IFRS”).  

These financial statements are presented in Sterling. 

2 

Revenue  (Group) 

An analysis of the Group's Revenue is as follows: 

Continuing Operations 

Powered Access Platforms 
Zero Emission Vehicles 
Other 

3 

Business and Geographical segments  (Group) 

Business segments (Continuing operations) 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

114,388 
25,087 
6,259 

90,064 
26,109 
7,115 

145,734 

123,288 

For management purposes, the Group is currently organised into three operating divisions – Powered 
Access Platforms, Zero Emission Vehicles and other operations. These divisions are the basis on which 
the Group reports its primary segment information. 

Principal activities are as follows: 

Powered Access Platforms:  design and manufacture of powered access equipment 

Zero Emission Vehicles: design, manufacture, service and maintenance of electric vehicles 

Other: design and manufacture of engineering parts. 

Segment information about these businesses is presented on the next page. 

Page 32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

3 

Business and Geographical Segments 
For the twelve months ending 31st December 2008 

Revenue 
External Sales 
Inter-segment sales 
Total revenue 

Result 
Segment Result before restructuring 
Restructuring  Costs 
Segment Result 
Unallocated corporate expenses 
Loss from operations 
Finance costs 

Loss before tax 

Income tax expense 

Loss after tax 

Other information 
Capital additions 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Impairments 

Balance Sheet 
Assets: 
Segment assets 

Consolidated total assets 
Liabilities: 
Segment Liabilities 
Consolidated total liabilities 

Powered Access 
Platforms 
£000's 

Zero Emission 
Vehicles 
£000's 

Other 
Segments 
£000's 

Consolidated 
£000's 

114,388 

25,087 

6,259 

145,734 

114,388 

25,087 

6,259 

145,734 

(82,689) 
(263) 
(82,952) 

(1,389) 
(38) 
(1,427) 

(3,879) 
(71) 
(3,950) 

2,179 
2,025 
88,385 

38,557 
38,557 

19,133 
19,133 

5,317 
904 
1,097 

21,388 
21,388 

3,677 
3,677 

22 
265 
180 

57,725 
57,725 

9,079 
9,079 

(87,957) 
(372) 
(88,329) 
- 
(88,329) 
(456) 
(88,785) 

239 
(88,546) 

7,518 
3,195 
89,662 

117,670 
117,670 

31,889 
31,889 

Page 33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

3 

Business and Geographical Segments 
For the twelve months ending 31st December 2007 

Revenue 
External Sales 
Inter-segment sales 

Total revenue 

Result 
Segment Result before restructuring 
Restructuring  Costs 
Segment Result 
Unallocated corporate expenses 
Profit from operations 
Finance costs 

Profit before tax 

Income tax expense 
Profit after tax 

Other information 
Capital additions 
Depreciation and amortisation 

Balance Sheet 
Assets: 
Segment assets 
Consolidated total assets 

Liabilities: 
Segment Liabilities 

Consolidated total liabilities 

Powered 
Access 
Platforms 
£000's 

Zero Emission 
Vehicles 
£000's 

Other 
Segments 
£000's 

Consolidated 
£000's 

90,064 

26,109 

7,115 

123,288 

90,064 

26,109 

7,115 

123,288 

9,486 
(1,270) 
8,216 

2,848 
- 
2,848 

177 
- 
177 

2,825 
1,484 

3,025 
933 

122 
307 

164,412 
164,412 

26,225 
26,225 

25,762 
25,762 

4,150 
4,150 

8,718 
8,718 

3,303 
3,303 

12,511 
(1,270) 
11,241 
317 
11,558 
879 
12,437 

(560) 
11,877 

5,972 
2,724 

198,892 
198,892 

33,678 
33,678 

Page 34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

3 

Business and Geographical segments (continued) 

Geographical segments 
The Group’s operations are located in the UK, US, Australasia and Japan. 

The following table provides an analysis of the Group’s sales by geographic market, irrespective of the 
origin of the goods/services. 

UK 
Europe 
USA 
Other 

2008 
£000's 
28,721 
25,983 
58,349 
32,681 
145,734 

2007 
£000's 
43,982 
29,249 
35,597 
14,460 
123,288 

In 2007, revenue from discontinued operations totalled £219k. 

The following is an analysis of the carrying amount of segment assets, and additions to property, plant 
and equipment and intangible assets analysed by the geographical area in which the assets are located: 

Carrying amount of segment 
Assets 

Additions to property, plant, 
equipment and intangible assets 

2008 
£000’s 
63,313 
37,179 
3,965 
13,213 
117,670 

2007 
£000’s 
122,007 
64,172 
3,133 
9,580 
198,892 

UK  
USA 
Japan 
Australasia 

4 

Staff Costs 

Group 
Average monthly number of employees 
Production 
Head Office and Administration 
Total 

Aggregate remuneration comprised 
Continuing 
Wages and Salaries  
Share scheme expense 
Social Security Costs 
Other Pension Costs 
Total staff costs from continuing operations 
Discontinuing 
Wages and Salaries 
Social Security Costs 
Other Pension Costs 
Total staff costs 

2008 
£000’s 
6,989 
442 
24 
62 
7,517 

2008 
No. 
834 
316 
1,150 

2008 
£000’s 
28,756 
683 
2,431 
327 
32,197 

- 
- 
- 
32,197 

2007 
£000’s 
5,888 
64 
- 
20 
5,972 

2007 
No. 
812 
323 
1,135 

2007 
£000’s 
20,313 
833 
2,008 
513 
23,667 

138 
13 
2 
23,820 

Page 35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

Staff costs (continued) 
Details  of  Directors’  fees and salaries,  bonuses, pensions,  benefits in kind and other benefit schemes 
together with details in respect of Directors’ share option plans are given in the Directors Remuneration 
Report on pages 13 to 16. 

5 

Depreciation and Amortisation 

Continuing 
Depreciation of property, plant & equipment 
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets 
Total depreciation and amortisation from continuing operations 
Discontinuing 
Depreciation of property, plant & equipment 
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets 
Total depreciation and amortisation charge 

6 

Profit from continuing operations (Group) 

Operating lease rentals 
Depreciation of property, plant & equipment 
- owned assets 
- leased assets 
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets 
(Profit)/Loss on sale of property, plant & equipment 
Grants received 
One off bank charges relating to interest rate swap 
Staff costs (see Note 4) 
Income from Snorkel bad debt previously written off 
Share options granted (see Note 4) 
Restructuring costs 
Net (profit) on foreign exchange  
Auditors' remuneration (see below) 
Research and development costs 
Impairment of Goodwill 
Impairment of Intangible assets 
Impairment of property, plant & equipment 
Impairment of Inventories 
Impairment of Receivables 

2008 
£000’s 
1,165 
2,030 
3,195 

- 
- 
3,195 

2008 
£000’s 
939 

894 
271 
2,030 
(587) 
(500) 
145 
31,514 
- 
683 
372 
(2,433) 
228 
308 
31,895 
12,605 
83 
22,185 
22,894 

2007 
£000’s 
974 
1,750 
2,724 

17 
2 
2,743 

2007 
£000’s 
1,417 

581 
410 
1,752 
57 
(750) 
- 
22,987 
(2,019) 
833 
1,270 
(2,186) 
195 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Restructuring  costs  of  £372k  relate  to  employee  costs  and  expenses  incurred  while  resizing  the 
Group in line with current market conditions and future expectations.   

Prior year costs of £1,157k relate to employee costs and expenses incurred during the alignment of 
the businesses after the Snorkel acquisition. 

Also in the prior  year, other restructuring costs  of £113k are  from the acquisition of the  Upright 
business. 

Page 36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

6 

Profit from Operations (Group) continued 

Amounts payable to Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP and their associates 
in respect of both audit and non audit services 

Audit Services 
        -      statutory audit of parent and consolidated accounts 

148 

155 

2008 
£000’s 

2007 
£000’s 

Other Services 

- 

audit of subsidiaries pursuant to legislation, where such 
services are provided by Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP 
-  work provided by associates of Baker Tilly UK Audit LLP 
in respect of consolidation returns or local legislative 
requirements 

Other services relating to taxation 
        -     compliance services 

Services relating to Corporate finance 

Comprising: 

- 
- 

audit services 
non audit services 

- 

30 

40 

10 
228 

178 
50 
228 

- 

- 

40 

191 
386 

155 
231 
386 

The  figures  presented  are  for  Tanfield  Group  plc  and  subsidiaries  as  if  they  were  a  single  entity.  
Tanfield Group plc has taken the exemption permitted by SI 2005 2417 Reg 5 to  omit information 
about its individual accounts. 

The parent of Tanfield Group PLC is exempt from disclosing its income statement.  The loss for the 
year is £78,223k (2007: £291k loss). 

7 

Finance costs and interest receivable (Group) 
Continuing operations 

Interest on bank overdrafts and loans 
Interest on Invoice Discounting 
Interest on obligations under finance leases 
Total borrowing costs 

Less Interest Receivable 

2008 
£000's 
650 
146 
117 
913 

(457) 
456 

2007 
£000's 
142 
40 
149 
331 

(1,210) 
(879) 

The Invoice Discounting interest relates solely to Snorkel Elevating Work Platforms PTY Limited. 

Page 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

8 

Income Tax Expense (Group) 

Current Tax 
Domestic – current year 
Domestic – prior year 
Foreign 

Deferred Tax 
Current year 
Prior Year 

(Loss) / Profit before tax 

Tax at the domestic income tax rate 28% (2007: 30%) 
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible 
in determining taxable profit 
Capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
Short term timing differences 
Tax losses for which no relief available 
Tax adjustments and relief 
Accounting adjustments 
Prior Year Tax adjustments 
Deferred tax asset recognised in the period 
Effect of different tax rates of subsidiaries operating in other 
jurisdictions 
Tax expense  

9 

Discontinued Operations  
Group 

Revenue 
Operating costs 
Goodwill Impairment 
Profit/(loss) before tax 
Income tax expense 
Profit/(Loss) on ordinary activities after tax 

TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

2008 
£000’s 

(278) 
- 
727 
449 

(688) 
- 
(688) 
(239) 

2008 
£000’s 
(88,546) 

2007 
£000’s 

1,201 
(1,038) 
176 
339 

200 
21 
221 
560 

2007 
£000’s 
10,953 

(24,793) 

3,286 

(3,356) 
(286) 
- 
- 
29,362 
- 
- 
(688) 

- 
(239) 

2008 
£000’s 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(2,917) 
(359) 
- 
- 
1,099 
(229) 
(988) 
- 

668 
560 

2007 
£000’s 
219 
(1,301) 
(402) 
(1,484) 
- 
(1,484) 

Discontinued  operations  in  2007  relate  to  the  Saxon  Specialist  Vehicles  trade  within  Tanfield 
Engineering  Systems  Ltd, E-Comeleon  Ltd,  JoeKnowsIt?  Ltd  and  ClickHere  Ltd  which have  been 
discontinued. Also included are costs relating to a non trading company, Express 2 Automotive Ltd, 
in respect of leasing costs. 

Page 38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

10 Earnings per Share 

Including discontinued operations 

  The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is based on the following data: 

  Continuing and discontinuing operations 

2008 
£000’s 

2007 
£000’s 

Earnings 

  Earnings for the purposes of earnings per share 

(88,546) 

10,393 

  Number of shares 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of basic 
earnings per share 

Effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares 
Share Options 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purposes of diluted 
earnings per share 

  Basic earnings per share 
  Diluted earnings per share 

  From continuing operations 

Earnings 

Number 

Number 

370,361,089  

331,253,401  

9,298,615 

16,584,411  

379,659,704  

347,837,812  

(23.91)p 
(23.91)p 

3.14p 
2.99p 

2008 
£000’s 

2007 
£000’s 

  Earnings for the purposes of diluted earnings per share 

(88,546) 

11,877 

  Basic earnings per share 
  Diluted earnings per share 

  From discontinued 

  Basic and diluted loss per share 

  From continuing operations before exceptional items 

Earnings 

  Earnings for the purposes of earnings per share 

Impairments 
  Restructuring 
  Earnings for the purposes of earnings per share before exceptional items 

  Basic earnings per share 
  Diluted earnings per share 

(23.91)p 
(23.91)p 

3.59p 
3.41p 

2008 
- 

2007 
(0.45)p 

2008 
£000’s 

2007 
£000’s 

(88,546) 
89,662 
372 
1,488 

0.40p 
0.39p 

11,877 
- 
1,270 
13,147 

3.97p 
3.78p 

Page 39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
      
 
 
        
 
      
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

11  Property, Plant and Equipment 

Group 

Leasehold 
property 
& 
alterations 
£000's 
2,181 
822 
- 
15 
(645) 
2,373 
90 
(167) 
33 
44 
2,373 

Plant & 
Machinery 
£000's 
4,258 
1,706 
708 
9 
(203) 
6,478 
664 
(2,292) 
127 
378 
5,355 

Fixtures, 
Fittings & 
equipment 
£000's 
972 
394 
337 
8 
- 
1,711 
258 
(1,031) 
(83) 
114 
969 

Motor 
Vehicles 
£000's 
917 
101 
113 
4 
(229) 
906 
75 
(212) 
(77) 
16 
708 

357 
161 
- 
21 
(87) 
452 
131 
2 
- 
(167) 
- 
418 

3,276 
399 
1 
17 
- 
3,693 
562 
75 
- 
(2,292) 
- 
2,038 

875 
129 
- 
9 
- 
1,013 
248 
23 
83 
(1,029) 
(9) 
329 

86 
302 
- 
- 
(176) 
212 
224 
5 
- 
(176) 
9 
274 

Total 
£000's 
8,328 
3,023 
1,158 
36 
(1,077) 
11,468 
1,087 
(3,702) 
- 
552 
9,405 

4,594 
991 
1 
47 
(263) 
5,370 
1,165 
105 
83 
(3,664) 
- 
3,059 

1,955 
1,921 

3,317 
2,785 

640 
698 

434 
694 

6,346 
6,098 

At 1 January 2007 
Additions 
Acquisitions of subsidiary undertakings 
Exchange Differences 
Disposals 
At 1 January 2008 
Additions 
Disposals 
Reclassification 
Exchange Differences 
At 31 December 2008 

Depreciation: 
At 1 January 2007 
Charge for the year 
Exchange differences 
Impairment of assets 
Eliminated on disposals 
At 1 January 2008 
Charge for the year 
Exchange differences 
Impairment of assets 
Eliminated on disposals 
Reclassification 
At 31 December 2008 

Carrying amount: 
At 31 December 2008 
At 31 December 2007 

The  net  book  value  of  assets  held  under  finance  leases  and  hire  purchase  agreements  is  £1,321k 
(2007:£1,647k).  The balances relate solely to plant and machinery. 

The impairment of £83k relates to legacy I.T system costs. 

Page 40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

12  Goodwill 

Group 

Cost 
1 January 
Recognised on acquisition of subsidiary undertakings 
Exchange differences 
31 December 

Accumulated impairment losses 
1 January 
Impairment losses (see Note 31) 
Exchange differences 
31 December 

Carrying Amount 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

33,147 
- 
7 
33,154 

903 
31,895 
- 
32,798 

5,644 
27,323 
180 
33,147 

501 
402 
- 
903 

356 

32,244 

Goodwill  acquired  in  a  business  combination  is  allocated,  at  acquisition,  to  the  cash  generating  units 
(CGUs) that are expected to benefit from that business combination.   

A segment level summary of the goodwill allocated is presented below; 

Powered Access 
Zero emission vehicles 
Carrying values 

2008 
£000's 
- 
356 
356 

2007 
£000's 
31,888 
356 
32,244 

The  group  tests  goodwill  annually  for  impairment,  or  more  frequently  if  there  are  indications  that 
goodwill might be impaired (see note 31). 

Page 41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

13 

Intangible Assets 
Group 

Development 
Costs 
£000's 

Manufacturing 
schedules 
£000's 

Other 
Intangible 
Assets 
£000's 

Computer 
Software 
£000's 

Cost: 
At 1 January 2007 
Additions 
Acquisitions of subsidiary 
undertakings 
Exchange differences 
At 1 January 2008 
Additions 
Disposals 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2008 

Amortisation: 
At 1 January 2007 
Charge for the year 
Impairment 
At 1 January 2008 
Charge for the year 
Disposals 
Impairment 
Exchange differences 
At 31 December 2008 

Carrying amount: 
At 31 December 2008 
At 31 December 2007 

1,709 
2,799 

- 
- 
4,508 
6,396 
- 
- 
10,904 

146 
171 
- 
317 
451 
- 
- 
- 
768 

10,136 
4,191 

- 

10,938 
148 
11,086 
- 
- 
4,206 
15,292 

- 
456 
- 
456 
456 
- 
8,303 
3,536 
12,751 

2,541 
10,630 

4,621 
- 

4,619 
62 
9,302 
- 
(112) 
1,776 
10,966 

475 
1,089 
71 
1,635 
1,065 
(112) 
4,302 
1,776 
8,666 

2,300 
7,667 

Total 
£000's 

6,567 
2,949 

15,557 
210 
25,283 
6,431 
(247) 
5,985 
37,452 

775 
1,752 
71 
2,598 
2,030 
(247) 
12,605 
5,313 
22,299 

237 
150 

- 
- 
387 
35 
(135) 
3 
290 

154 
36 
- 
190 
58 
(135) 
- 
1 
114 

176 
197 

15,153 
22,685 

The  development  costs  in  the  year  are  in  relation  to  the  new  product  developments  carried  out  in  the  year 
which includes the Ampere and other Zero Emission vehicles. 

Other intangible  assets  include  trademarks, manufacturing schedules,  customer  order  book  and  customer  lists 
which arose on acquisition of the Snorkel International in 2007. The brought forward values of other intangible 
assets arose on the acquisition of the Norquip, SEV and Upright businesses. 

The impairment balance of £12,605k is made up of £12,094k provided against the intangible asset created on 
the  acquisition  of  Snorkel  International  Inc  (see  Note  31)  and  £511k  relating  to  the  discontinued  Norquip 
product line. 

Page 42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

14 

Subsidiaries (Group) 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 December 2008 are as follows: 

Name of subsidiary 

Place of 
incorporation 
(or 
registration) 
and operation 

Proportion of 
ownership 
interest 
% 

Proportion of 
voting power 
held 
% 

Principal activity 

Aggregate 
capital 
reserves 
£000 

Profit / 
(loss) after 
Taxation 
£000 

Tanfield Engineering Systems 
Ltd 
Tanfield Engineering Systems US 
(Inc) 
HBWP Inc 

Snorkel Holdings LLC 
Snorkel International Inc 

Snorkel Elevating Work 
Platforms PTY Limited 
Snorkel Elevating Work 
Platforms Limited 
Snorkel Europe BV 

SEV Group Ltd 

E-Comeleon Ltd 
JoeKnowsIt? Ltd 
ClickHere Ltd 

Express 2 Automotive Ltd 
Sandco 854 Ltd 
Saxon Specialist Vehicles Ltd 
HMH Sheet Metal Fabrications 
Ltd 
Norquip Ltd 
YEV Ltd 
Tanfield Powered Access Ltd 
Tanfield Asia Pacific PTE. Ltd 

UK 

US 

US 

US 
US 

AUS 

NZ 

Netherlands 

UK 

UK 
UK 
UK 

UK 
UK 
UK 
UK 

UK 
UK 
UK 
Singapore 

100 

100 

100 

100 
100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
74 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 
74 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
100 
100 

Engineering 

(30,746) 

(37,476) 

Powered Access 

Dormant 

Holding Company 
Powered Access 

Powered Access 

Powered Access 

Powered Access 

Vehicle Service, Hire 
& Maintenance 
Non Trading 
Non Trading 
Non Trading 

Non Trading 
Holding Company 
Dormant 
Dormant 

Dormant 
Dormant 
Non Trading 
Powered Access 

(778) 

- 

- 
7,045 

(444) 

522 

- 

(422) 

- 

- 
(5,808) 

(2,518) 

209 

- 

(2,670) 

(1,259) 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
632 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(11) 

The minority interest in JoeKnowsIt? Limited has not been recognised as JoeKnowsIt? Limited has net 
liabilities which are unlikely to be recoverable from the third party. 

Details of the investments held in the Company accounts are as follows: 

Snorkel International 
Tanfield Engineering Systems Limited 
E-Comeleon Limited 

2008 
£000’s 
13,013 
2,111 
- 
15,124 

2007 
£000’s 
47,937 
2,111 
- 
50,048 

During  the  year  an  impairment  of  £34,535k  was  made  against  the  investment  in  Snorkel  International 
Inc. 

During the prior year the investment of £175k in E-Comeleon Limited was impaired to £nil value due to 
the company ceasing to trade.   

Page 43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

15 

Inventories  
Group 

Raw materials and consumables 
Work-in-progress 
Finished Goods and goods for resale 

2008 
£000’s 
33,665 
2,087 
24,808 
60,560 

2007 
£000’s 
38,221 
5,731 
16,400 
60,352 

During the year an impairment of £22.2m was made against obsolete and slow moving stock (Note 31). 

16 

Financial assets 

Trade and other receivables 

Group 

 Current 
Trade amounts receivable 
Allowance for estimated irrecoverable 
amounts 
Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings 
Other Taxes 
Other debtors and prepayments 

Non-current 
Trade amounts receivable 

Average credit period taken on goods 

2008 
£000's 
21,243 

(1,483) 
- 
203 
632 
20,595 

1,500 

2008 
51 

2007 
£000's 
44,146 

(112) 
- 
954 
2,209 
47,197 

- 

2007 
142 

Company 
2008 
£000's 
- 

- 
59,688 
- 
44 
59,732 

2007 
£000's 
- 

- 
81,772 
305 
56 
82,133 

- 

- 

The following table provides analysis of trade and other receivables that were past due at 31 December, 
but not impaired.  The Group believes that the balances are ultimately recoverable based on a review of 
past payment history and the current financial status of the customers. 

Up to three months 
Up to six months 

2008 
£’000 
2,915 
825 

2007 
£’000 
2,701 
757 

During  the  year  an  impairment  of  £22.9m  (2007:  £Nil)  was  made  against  potentially  bad  and 
irrecoverable debts (Note 31) from whom payment was over due by more than three months. 

The  directors  consider that  the  carrying amount  of  trade  and  other receivables  approximates  their  fair 
value. 

Bank  balances  and  cash  comprise  cash  and  short-term  deposits  held  by  the  group  treasury  function. 
The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value. 

Credit  risk  –  The  Group’s  principal  financial  assets  are  bank  balances  and  cash  and  trade  and  other 
receivables, which represent the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk in relation to financial assets. 

The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables. The Group has no significant 
concentration of credit risk, with exposure spread over a large number of counterparts and customers. 

Page 44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

17 

Investments 
Group 

At 1 January  
Additions 
Exchange movements 
At 31 December 
The investment relates to the current value of a money market investment. 

18 

Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Social security and other Taxes 
Accruals and deferred Income 

Average credit period taken on trade purchases 

Group 

2008 
£000's 
9,314 
1,085 
9,408 
19,807 

2007 
£000's 
15,692 
1,004 
9,710 
26,406 

2008 
77 

2007 
64 

2008 
£000’s 
120 
45 
86 
251 

2007 
£000’s 
94 
24 
2 
120 

Company 
2008 
£000's 
465 
219 
85 
769 

2007 
£000's 
179 
- 
148 
327 

The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value. 

19 

Financial instruments recognised in the balance sheet (Group) 

ASSETS 
Non current assets 
Trade and other receivables 

Current assets 
Trade amounts receivable 
Investments 
Cash and cash equivalents 

£000's 
Held for 
trading 

2008 

£000's 
Held to 
maturity 

£000's 

Total 

£000's 
Held for 
trading 

2007 

£000's 
Held to 
maturity 

1,500 
1,500 

19,760 
- 
11,130 
30,890 

- 
- 

1,500 
1,500 

- 
251 
- 
251 

19,760 
251 
11,130 
31,141 

- 
- 

44,034 
- 
27,952 
71,986 

- 
- 

- 
120 
- 
120 

£000's 

Total 

- 
- 

44,034 
120 
27,952 
72,106 

Total 

32,390 

251 

32,641 

71,986 

120 

72,106 

LIABILITIES 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Finance leases 
Other creditors 

Non current liabilities 
Finance leases 
Other creditors 

Total 

19,807 
565 
9,954 
30,326 

569 
- 
569 

30,895 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

19,807 
565 
9,954 
30,326 

569 
- 
569 

26,406 
684 
467 
27,557 

1,100 
5,021 
6,121 

30,895 

33,678 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

26,406 
684 
467 
27,557 

1,100 
5,021 
6,121 

33,678 

Page 45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

20 

Obligations Under Finance Leases 

Group 

Amounts payable under finance leases 
Within one year 
In the second to fifth years (inclusive) 

Less future finance charges 
Present value of lease obligations 

Less: Amount due for settlement within 12 months 
(shown under current liabilities) 

Amount due for settlement after 12 months 

Company 

Amounts payable under finance leases 
Within one year 
In the second to fifth years (inclusive) 

Less future finance charges 

Present value of lease obligations 
Less: Amount due for settlement within 12 months 
(shown under current liabilities) 

Amount due for settlement after 12 months 

Minimum lease 
Payments 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

640 
626 
1,266 
(132) 
1,134 

829 
1,232 
2,061 
(277) 
1,784 

Minimum lease 
Payments 
2008 

2007 

£000's 

£000's 

10 
- 

10 
- 

10 

127 
10 

137 
(7) 

130 

Present value of 
minimum 
lease payments 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

565 
569 
1,134 

684 
1,100 
1,784 

1,134 

1,784 

(565) 

569 

(684) 

1,100 

Present value of 
minimum 
lease payments 

2008 

2007 

£000's 

£000's 

10 
- 

10 

10 

120 
10 

130 

130 

(10) 

(120) 

- 

10 

It  is  the  Group’s  policy  to  lease  certain  of  its  fixtures  and  equipment  under  finance  leases.  The 
average lease term is 5 years. For the year ended 31 December 2008, the average effective borrowing 
rate was 10% (2007: 10%). Interest rates are fixed at the contract date. 

Obligations under finance leases are secured on the assets to which they relate. 

The fair value of the Group’s lease obligations approximate to their carrying amount. 

Page 46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

21   

Other Creditors 

Buyback Lease Liability 

Invoice Discounting 

Deferred consideration 

Other creditors payable within one year 

Deferred consideration 

Other Creditors 

Other creditors payable after one year 

Group 

Company 

2008 

£000's 

2007 

£000's 

342 

2,909 

6,703 

9,954 

- 

- 

- 

386 

81 

- 

467 

5,021 

- 

5,021 

2008 

£000's 

- 

- 

5,720 

5,720 

2007 

£000's 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5,021 

- 

5,021 

The directors consider that the carrying amount of other creditors approximates to their fair value 

22 

Deferred Tax  
Group 

Group 

Company 

2008 

£000's 

2007 

£000's 

2008 

£000's 

2007 

£000's 

Analysis for financial reporting purposes: 

Deferred tax (liabilities) 

Deferred tax assets 

Net asset / (liability) position at 31 December 

(307) 

1,779 

1,472 

- 

785 

785 

The movement in the year in the Group’s net deferred tax position was as follows: 

At 1 January  
Recognised on acquisition of subsidiary 
undertakings  

Credit / (charge) to income for the year 

Release to income for the prior year 

At 31 December  

785 

- 

687 

- 

1,472 

(19) 

1,025 

(200) 

(21) 

785 

- 

- 

- 

278 

- 

(278) 

- 

- 

- 

278 

278 

- 

- 

278 

- 

278 

The  following  are  the  major  deferred  tax  components    recognised  by  the  Group  and  the  movements  thereon 
during the period: 

Deferred tax assets / (liabilities) 

At 1 January 2008 

Credit / (charge) to income for the year 

Release to income for the prior year 

At 31 December 2008 

Group 

Group 

Company 

Tax losses 
£000’s 

785 

994 

- 

1,779 

Other 
£000’s 

- 

(307) 

- 

(307) 

Other 
£000’s 
278 

(278) 

- 

- 

At the balance sheet date, the group has unused tax losses  of £49,237k (2007: £3,973k) available for 
offset against future profits  of the same trade. A deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect  of 
£1,779k  (2007:  £785k)  of  such  losses.    No  deferred  tax  asset  has  been  recognised  in  respect  of  the 
remaining £42,884k (2007: £1,356k) due to the unpredictability of future profit streams. 

Page 47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

23 

Provisions (Group) 

At 1 January 2007 
Utilisation of provision 
At 1 January 2008 
Utilisation of provision 
At 31 December 2008 

24 

Share Capital 
Group and Company 

Authorised: 
500,000,000 (2007 – 500,000,000) Ordinary Shares of 1p each 
Issued and Fully Paid: 
370,386,089 (2007 – 370,286,089) Ordinary shares of 1p each 

Legal 
Reserve 
£000's 

262 
(262) 
- 
- 
- 

Total 
£000's 

262 
(262) 
- 
- 
- 

2008 
£000’s 

2007 
£000’s 

5,000 

5,000 

3,704 

3,703 

The Company has one class of ordinary shares which carry no right to fixed income. 

On  14  April  2008,  100,000  share  options  were  exercised  at  a  price  of  £1  per  share  for  a  total 
consideration of £100,000. 

The premium net of related charges on the issue of these shares has been credited to the share premium 
account. 

25 

Translation reserve 

Balance at 1 January 2007 
Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of net assets of subsidiary 
undertakings 
Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of Investments in subsidiary 
undertakings 
Balance at 1 January 2008 
Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of net assets of subsidiary 
undertakings 
Foreign exchange differences on retranslation of Investments in subsidiary 
undertakings 
Balance at 31 December 2008 

26 

Retained Earnings 

At 1 January 2007 
Profit / (loss) for the year 
Share options charged directly to equity 
At 1 January 2008 
Profit / (loss) for the year 
Share options exercised charged directly to equity 
Balance at 31 December 2008 

Group 
£000's 

Company 
£000's 
-  

-             

879 

- 
879 

8,411 

- 
9,290 

 -  

338  
          338  

 -  

(338)  
          -  

Group
£000's
1,896 
10,393 
96 
12,385 
(88,546) 
22 
(76,139) 

Company 
£000's 
(505) 
(291) 
96 
(700) 
(78,223) 
22 
(78,901) 

Page 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

27 Capital reserves 

Group 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Share 
Option 
reserve 

Loan  
Stock 
reserve 

Merger 
reserve 

Capital  
Reduction 
reserve 

Translation 
reserve 

Total 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

Balance at 1 January 2008 
Issue  of  Ordinary  share  capital  (net  of 
expenses) 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Share option provision 
Foreign  exchange  differences  on  retranslation 
of net assets of subsidiary undertakings 

3,703 

138,493 

992 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

661 

- 

- 

18 

- 

- 

Balance at 31 December 2008 

3,704 

138,511 

1,653 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Company 

£000's 

7,228 

£000's 

£000's 

879 

152,829 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

19 

661 

8,411 

8,411 

1,534 

7,228 

9,290 

161,920 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Share 
Option 
reserve 

Loan  
Stock 
reserve 

Merger 
reserve 

Capital  
Reduction 
reserve 

Translation 
reserve 

Total 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

£000's 

Balance at 1 January 2008 
Issue  of  Ordinary  share  capital  (net  of 
expenses) 

Exercise of convertible loan stock 

Share options exercised 

Share option provision 
Foreign  exchange  differences  on  retranslation 
of Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

3,703 

138,493 

992 

- 

- 

1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

661 

- 

Balance at 31 December 2008 

3,704 

138,511 

1,653 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

£000's 

7,228 

£000's 

£000's 

338 

152,288 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

19 

661 

(338) 

(338) 

1,534 

7,228 

- 

152,630 

1,534 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,534 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

28  Retirement benefits 

Defined contribution plans 

The Group operates defined contribution retirement benefit plans for all qualifying employees of its construction 
and leasing divisions in the UK. The assets of the schemes are held separately from those of the Group in funds 
under  the  control  of  trustees.  Where  there  are  employees  who  leave  the  scheme  prior  to  vesting  fully  in  the 
contributions, the contributions payable by the Group are reduced by the amount of forfeited contributions. 

The employees of the Group’s subsidiary in Australia are members of a state-managed retirement benefit scheme 
operated by the government of Australia. The subsidiary is required to contribute a specified percentage of their 
payroll costs to the retirement benefit scheme to fund the benefits. The only obligation of the Group with respect 
to the retirement benefit scheme is to make the specified contributions. 

The total cost charged to income of £327k (2007:£515k) represents contributions payable to these schemes by the 
Group at rates specified in the rules of the schemes. As at 31 December 2008, contributions of £27k (2007: £51k) 
due in respect of the current reporting period had not been paid over to the schemes. 

Page 49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

29 

(a) Reconciliation of profit from operations to net cash used in operating activities 

Operating Activities (continuing and discontinuing) 
Profit (loss) from operations 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Negative goodwill 
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets 
(Gain) Loss on disposal of fixed assets 
Impairment of Goodwill 
Impairment of Intangible assets 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment 
Impairment of Inventories 
Impairment of Receivables 
Loss on intercompany loan write off 
Loss on impairment of investments 
Operating cash flows before movements in working 
capital 
Decrease (Increase) in receivables 
Increase (decrease) in payables 
(Decrease) in provisions 
(Increase) in inventories 
Net Cash used in Operating activities 

Group 

2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

Company 
2008 
£000's 

2007 
£000's 

(88,329) 

10,074 

(78,570) 

(1,853) 

1,165 
- 
2,030 
(587) 
31,895 
12,605 
83 
22,185 
22,894 
- 
- 

991 
- 
1,752 
57 
402 
71 
47 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
51,618 
34,535 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
1,400 
175 

3,941 
4,585 
(8,140) 
2,612 
(13,933) 
(10,935) 

13,394 
(19,049) 
9,779 
(4,416) 
(28,749) 
(29,041) 

7,583 
(29,199) 
1,125 
- 
- 
(20,491) 

(278) 
(57,290) 
994 
- 
- 
(56,574) 

30  Operating Lease Arrangements 

  The Group as a lessee: 

At the balance sheet date, the Group had total commitments under non-cancellable 
operating leases, which fall due as follows: 

  Within one year 

In the second to fifth years inclusive 

  Greater than five years 

2008 
£000’s 
2,422 
5,912 
16,710 
25,044 

2007 
£000’s 
1,888 
4,767 
19,093 
25,748 

Page 50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

31 

Impairments 

The  impairment  losses  recognised  in  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement  result  from  impairment 
reviews  triggered  by  the  significant  changes  in  the  market  outlook  for  the  Powered  Access  division, 
experienced during June 2008. 

In particular, the company addressed the valuation of the Intangible Assets and Goodwill arising from 
the acquisition of Snorkel International Inc and its subsidiaries in August 2007.   

In  accordance  with  IAS  36  the  Group  values  Goodwill  at  the  lower  of  its  carrying  value  or  its 
recoverable amount, where the recoverable amount is the higher of the value if sold and its value in use.  
In  addition  IAS38  requires  intangible  assets  with  finite  useful  lives  to  follow  the  same  impairment 
testing as Goodwill including the use of value in use calculations.   

The impact of market changes in June and the uncertainty within this market going forward, described 
elsewhere in this statement, have meant that the assumptions in the value in use calculations, prepared 
to support previous valuations, are significantly altered.  

The  Group  identified  individual  cash  generating  units  for  the  purposes  of  IAS  36  within  the  group.  
Value  in  use  calculations  were  prepared  for  Snorkel  and  its  subsidiaries,  UpRight  and  Smith  Electric 
Vehicles.    These  have  been  compared  with  the  assets  for  that  unit  and  the  impairments  calculated 
accordingly. 

The  value  in  use  calculations  were  prepared  using  amended  pre-tax  cash  flow  projections  based  on 
financial  budgets  for  the  period  to  December  2011  based  on  management  experience  and  current 
trading  expectations,  extrapolated  to  a  ten  year  period  using  conservative  growth  assumptions,  given 
current uncertainty.     

The key assumptions applied to the Snorkel calculations after 2011 on Gross Margin are 25%-30% and 
Growth Rate are in the range 2 -3%.  The discount rate is set at 9.3% (2007 5%) to reflect the current 
market assessment of the time value of money and the specific risks of the cash generating unit.  

The key assumptions applied to the UpRight calculations after 2011 on Gross Margin are 30% and on 
Growth Rate is in the range 0% - 3%.  The discount rate is set at 9.3% (2007 5%) to reflect the current 
market assessment of the time value of money and the specific risks of the cash generating unit.  

The  key  assumptions applied  to  the  Smith  Electric  Vehicles  calculations after 2011  on  Gross  Margin 
are  35% and  Growth  Rate  are in  the range  2%  -  3%.   The  discount rate  is  set at  9.3%  (2007  5%) to 
reflect  the  current  market  assessment  of  the  time  value  of  money  and  the  specific  risks  of  the  cash 
generating unit.  No impairment was made in Smith Electric Vehicles. 

Based  on  the  value  in  use  calculations,  the  Group has  determined that  the  value  of  the  Goodwill  has 
been impaired and as such an impairment charge of £31.9m (Snorkel £27.5m, UpRight £4.4m) (2007: 
nil) has been made to write down the carrying value of the asset. 

Based on the value in use calculations the Group has determined that the value of the intangible assets 
has been impaired and as such an impairment charge of £12.6m (Snorkel £12.6) (2007: nil) has been 
made. 

Allowance for doubtful receivables 
A  provision has  been  made  against  accounts that  in the  estimation  of  management may  be  impaired. 
Within  each  of  the  business  segments an assessment has  been  made  as  to  the  impact  of  the  dramatic 
reduction  in  volumes  caused  by  the  changes  in market  conditions  and  the reduction  in  availability  of 
credit  on  the  financial  viability  of  customers,  together  with  the  importance  of  those  customers  in 
providing  a  route  to  market,  and  their  effect  on  the  recoverability  of  accounts  receivable.    The 
impairment  was  calculated,  with  reference  to  debt  collection  strategies  in  place,  as  the  amount 
identified  as  problematic  at  specific  customers  less  an  estimate  of  the  amount  that  may  be  collected 
when the market recovers discounted (9.3%) to reflect time to and probability of collection, that amount 
collected not limited to repayment of the principal but other revenue benefits.  

Page 51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

During  the  year  the  Group  charged  £22.9m (2007:  £Nil)  to  the  income  statement  against  trade 
receivables. 

The Group holds a provision for impairment of receivables at 31 Dec 2008 amounting to £1.4 million 
(2007: £nil) 

Inventories 
In accordance with IAS2 the group regularly reviews its inventory to ensure it is carried at the lower of 
cost  or  net  realisable  value.    At  31  December  2008  the  management  believes  the  carrying  value  of 
inventories to be impaired by £22.2m due to slow moving and obsolete items arising from changes in 
the product mix demanded by customers, reductions in overall volumes, supplier failures and strategic 
resourcing decisions. Obsolescence provisions have been calculated based on current market values and 
future sales of inventories. 

Page 52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

32 

Share Based Payments (Group) 

Equity settled share based payment transactions 

Details  of  the  Company’s  and  group  share  option  scheme  are  given  in  the  Directors  Remuneration 
Report on pages 13 to 16. 

Movement in outstanding options 

2008 

Options 
(Number) 

Weighted 
average exercise 
price (£) 

2007 

Options 
(Number) 

Outstanding at 1 January  
Granted during the year 
Forfeited during the year 
Exercised during the year 
Expired during the year 
Outstanding at 31 December 
Exercisable at 31 December  

19,665,004 
- 
- 
(100,000) 
(83,333) 
19,481,671 
8,231,671 

0.228 
- 

0.01 
- 
0.228 

14,453,671 
12,083,333 
- 
(6,872,000) 
- 
19,665,004 
8,415,004 

Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(£) 
0.188 
0.22 

0.107 

0.228 

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the year was 
£1.00.  The options outstanding at 31 December 2008 had a weighted average exercise price of £0.228, 
and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 8.1 years. The range of exercise price is 1p to 40p. 

On 31 December 2008 the market price of the ordinary shares was 5p. The range during 2008 was 3.5p 
to 124.75p. 

Income statement charge 

A charge to the income statement of £684k has been made for options issued on or after 7  November 
2002 that had not vested as at 1 January 2005 in accordance with IFRS2 ‘Share Based Payments’. 

The inputs into the Black-Scholes model are as follows: 

Weighted average share price 
Weighted average exercise price 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Risk free rate 
Expected dividends 

2008 
22.01p 
42.58p 
43.2% 
3 years 
4.6% 
- 

Expected  volatility  was  determined  by  calculating  the  historical  volatility  of  the  Group’s  share  price 
over  the  previous  3  years.    The  expected  life  used  in  the  model  has  been  adjusted,  based  on 
management’s best estimate, for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioural 
considerations. 

Page 53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

33  Financial risk management 

Credit Risk 

The  group  is  exposed  to  credit risk  due  to  its  trade receivables  due  from  customers  and  cash  deposits 
with financial institutions 

The Group has no concentration of customer credit risk, with exposure spread over a large number of 
counterparties  and  customers.    Although  the  Group  has  implemented  policies  and  uses  procedures  to 
ensure that sales are made only to customers with appropriate credit history, the group has seen many 
previously creditworthy customers default due to the underlying market conditions.  During the year the 
Group has also seen credit insurance removed against many of its customers leaving the Group with a 
much greater exposure which is reflected in the group’s trade receivables impairment. 

Liquidity Risk 

The Group is exposed to liquidity risk arising from having insufficient funds to meet the financing needs 
of the Group. 

The  Group holds  funds  on  deposit  and has  short term  committed  facilities  that are  designed  to  ensure 
that  the  Group  has  sufficient  funds  available  for  the  forecast  requirements  of  the  Group.    As  well  as 
forecasting  the  Group’s  core  liquidity  needs,  the  Group  Financial  Management  ensure  subsidiary 
companies’ liquidity needs are met. 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

The  Group  is  exposed  to  movements  in  foreign  exchange  rates  due  to  its  commercial  trading 
denominated  in  foreign  currencies,  the  net  assets  of  its  foreign  operations  into  the  consolidated 
statements and foreign currency denominated costs. 

Where possible the Group uses natural hedging of  currencies  where customer and purchase currencies 
are  matched,  otherwise  the  Group  uses  currency  derivative  financial  instruments  such  as  foreign 
exchange contracts to reduce exposure. 

The  material  foreign  currency  denominated  costs  include  the  purchase  of  components  from  low  cost 
based countries, principally in US dollars. 

Interest rate risk 

The Group is exposed to interest rate risk due to its cash deposits.  Cash and cash equivalents are the 
only interest bearing financial assets held by the Group. 

34  Non-cash transactions 

Additions to fixtures and equipment during the year amounting to £Nil (2007: £1,172k) were financed 
by new finance leases.  

35  Contingent  Liabilities 

There are no contingent liabilities of which the Directors are aware. 

Page 54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TANFIELD GROUP PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2008 

36  Related Party Transactions 

Group 

Transactions  between  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  and  between  subsidiaries,  which  are  related 
parties,  have  been  eliminated  on  consolidation.  These  transactions  are  a  management  charge  from 
Tanfield  Group  PLC  to  is  subsidiaries.    The  bank  hold  a  cross  guarantee  in  relation  to  all  the  Group 
Company bank accounts. There are no other related party transactions.  

Company 

Details of the Company’s share in Group undertakings are given in note 14.  

The Company entered into transactions with its subsidiaries as disclosed below. 

Management charge for provision of 
services  
Amounts owed by related parties at year 
end 

Subsidiaries 
2008 
£000’s 
5,567 

2007 
£000’s 
3,425 

59,688 

81,772 

During the year the company impaired £7,944k against Snorkel International Inc outstanding loans and 
also forgave £43,645k in loans to Tanfield Engineering Systems Ltd. 

Remuneration of key management personnel 

The  remuneration  of  the  key  management  personnel,  which  includes  Directors,  is  set  out  below  in 
aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures.  Further information 
about  the  remuneration  of  individual  directors  is  provided  in  the  Directors’  Remuneration  Report  on 
pages 13 to 16. 

Directors Emoluments 

Short-term employee benefits 
Post employment benefits 
Gain on exercise of share options 
Total 

Directors’ transactions 

2008 
£000's 
1,379 
87 
- 
1,466 

2007 
£000's 
1,339 
60 
10,015 
11,414 

There  were  no  other  transactions  with  Directors  during  the  year.  There  have  been  no  related  party 
transactions with any Director. 

Page 55