TEGNA Inc.
Annual Report 2022

Plain-text annual report

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-6961 TEGNA INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 8350 Broad Street, Suite 2000, Tysons, Virginia (Address of principal executive offices) (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (703) 873-6600 16-0442930 (I.R.S. Employer identification No.) 22102-5151 (Zip Code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share Trading Symbol TGNA Name of each exchange on which registered The New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing sales price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on The New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2022, was $4,639,159,645. The registrant has no non-voting common equity. As of February 17, 2023, 223,552,503 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding. Information pertaining to Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to our 2023 definitive proxy statement or, if not filed within 120 days of December 31, 2022, as an amended report on Form 10-K/A filed in the same time period. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Item No. Page INDEX TO TEGNA INC. Dec. 31, 2022 FORM 10-K 1. 1A. 1B. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 7A. 8. 9. 9A. 9B. 9C. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Part I Part II Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities [Reserved] Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Part III Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Part IV 2 3 18 23 23 23 23 23 24 25 39 40 72 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 73 74 83 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS Our Business Overview We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Across platforms, we tell empowering stories, conduct impactful investigations and deliver innovative marketing services. With 64 television stations and two radio stations in 51 U.S. markets, we are the largest owner of top four network affiliates in the top 25 markets among independent station groups, reaching approximately 39% of U.S. television households. We also own leading multicast networks True Crime Network, Twist and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile, connected television and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. We have been consistently honored with the industry’s top awards, including Edward R. Murrow, George Polk, Alfred I. DuPont and Emmy Awards. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital and over-the-top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network. Merger Agreement On February 22, 2022, TEGNA Inc. entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the Merger Agreement) with Teton Parent Corp., a newly formed Delaware corporation (Parent), Teton Merger Corp., a newly formed Delaware corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (Merger Sub), and solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, other subsidiaries of Parent, certain affiliates of Standard General L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (Standard General) and CMG Media Corporation, a Delaware corporation (CMG) and certain of its subsidiaries. Parent, Merger Sub, the other subsidiaries of Parent, those affiliates of Standard General, CMG and those subsidiaries of CMG, are collectively, referred to as the “Parent Restructuring Entities.” The Merger Agreement provides, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, that Merger Sub will be merged with and into TEGNA (the Merger), with TEGNA continuing as the surviving corporation and as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. The Merger Agreement provides that each share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of TEGNA (the Common Stock) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (the Effective Time), other than certain excluded shares, will at the Effective Time automatically be converted into the right to receive (i) $24.00 per share of Common Stock in cash, without interest, plus (ii) additional amounts in cash, without interest, if the Merger does not close within a certain period of time after the date of the Merger Agreement. TEGNA shareholders will receive additional cash consideration in the form of a “ticking fee” of (a) if the Closing Date occurs after November 22, 2022 and before February 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.00166667 multiplied by (ii) the number of calendar days elapsed after November 22, 2022 to and including the Closing Date, (b) if the Closing Date occurs on or after February 22, 2023 and before March 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.15333333 plus (ii)(A) $0.0025 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after February 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date, (c) if the Closing Date occurs on or after March 22, 2023 and before April 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.22333333 plus (ii)(A) $0.00333333 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after March 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date and (d) if the Closing Date occurs on or after April 22, 2023 and before May 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.3266667 plus (ii)(A) $0.00416667 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after April 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain specified circumstances, Parent will be required to pay TEGNA a termination fee of either $136.0 million or $272.0 million. TEGNA has made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement. If the Merger is consummated, the Common Stock will be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange and deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. On March 10, 2022, TEGNA, Parent, Merger Sub, and, solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, the other Parent Restructuring Entities, entered into an amendment to the Merger Agreement (the Amendment). The Amendment provides, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, that certain regulatory efforts covenants will apply with respect to certain station transfers from Parent or an affiliate of Parent to CMG or an affiliate of CMG that are contemplated to be consummated as of immediately following the Effective Time. On May 17, 2022 the stockholders of TEGNA voted to adopt the Merger Agreement. On February 21, 2023, TEGNA elected, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, to extend the Outside Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) from 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on February 22, 2023 to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on May 22, 2023. All waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, applicable to the Merger and related transactions have expired. The closing of the Merger remains subject to the approval of the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) and customary closing conditions. On February 24, 2023, the FCC issued a hearing designation order with respect to the transaction. TEGNA is currently evaluating its options. Our Operating Structure We have one operating and reportable segment, which generated revenues of $3.3 billion in 2022. The primary sources of our revenues are: 1) subscription revenues, reflecting fees paid by satellite, cable, OTT (companies that deliver video content to 3 consumers over the Internet) and telecommunications providers to carry our television signals on their systems; 2) advertising & marketing services (AMS) revenues, which include local and national non-political television advertising, digital marketing services (including Premion), and advertising on stations’ websites, tablet and mobile products and OTT apps; 3) political advertising revenues, which are driven by even-year election cycles at the local and national level (e.g. 2022, 2020, etc.) and particularly in the second half of those years; and 4) other services, such as production of programming, tower rentals and distribution of our local news content. The advertising revenues generated by a station’s local news programs make up a significant part of its total advertising revenues. Advertising pricing is influenced by demand for advertising time. This demand is influenced by a variety of factors, including the size and demographics of the local populations, the concentration of businesses, local economic conditions, and the popularity or ratings of the station’s programming. Almost all national advertising is placed through our centralized internal national sales force, while local advertising time is sold by each station’s own local sales force. Our portfolio of “Big 4” NBC, CBS, ABC and FOX stations operate under long-term network affiliation agreements. Generally, a network provides programs to its affiliated television stations and the network sells commercial advertising for certain of the available advertising spots within the network programs, while our television stations sell the remaining available commercial advertising spots. Our television stations also produce local programming such as news, sports, weather, and entertainment. Broadcast affiliates and their network partners continue to have the broadest appeal in terms of household viewership, viewing time and audience reach. The overall reach of events such as the Olympics and NFL football, along with our extensive local news and non-news programming, continues to surpass the reach in viewership of individual cable channels. Our ratings and reach are driven by the quality of programs we and our network partners produce and by the strong local connections we have to our communities, which gives us a unique position among the numerous program choices viewers have, regardless of platform. Subscription revenue. Subscription revenue has steadily increased in the last several years, better reflecting the value of the content that our business provides. Pursuant to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules, every three years a local television station must elect to either (1) require cable and/or direct broadcast satellite operators to carry the station’s signal or (2) require such cable and satellite operators to negotiate retransmission consent agreements to secure carriage. At present, we have retransmission consent agreements with almost all cable operators, telecommunications and satellite providers in our television stations’ markets for carriage of those stations. Our scale and strength in local content have contributed to our ability to grow our subscription revenue beyond traditional multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) into the growing OTT (i.e., streaming) space. Distributing our content via OTT platforms allows us to reach viewers who consume content via internet-based platforms rather than (or in addition to) via traditional television platforms, enabling us to expand our subscription revenues and deliver advertising products to a broader viewing audience. We have distribution contracts with major network partners and OTT service providers for carriage of our stations’ content on virtual MVPD (vMVPD) platforms such as Hulu, YouTube TV and DIRECTV Stream. Our vMVPD distribution arrangements contain financial terms similar to those in our more traditional distribution agreements with cable and satellite operators. Affiliation agreements. We are the largest independent owner of NBC affiliated stations and third largest independent owner of CBS affiliated stations based on TV homes reached as reported by Nielsen (October 27, 2022). In 2022, we successfully executed multi-year renewals with CBS (extended through late 2028) and Fox (extended through mid 2025). During 2020, we executed multi-year renewal of our affiliation agreement with NBC (extended to early 2024). In 2019, we executed multi-year renewals with ABC (extended through 2023). Local News. We are recognized for our journalistic excellence and innovation in reinventing local journalism in the digital age. In 2022, TEGNA stations received six National Edward R. Murrow Awards for excellence in broadcast journalism from the Radio Television Digital News Association and 96 Regional Murrows, more than any other local broadcast television group and the most in its history. KARE in Minneapolis received 11 individual awards, the most given in 2022, and the most in its history. Seven stations garnered the overall excellence honor, the highest achievement awarded. Four stations won for excellence in innovation, which recognizes “news organizations that innovate their product to enhance the quality of journalism and the audience’s understanding of news”. Three stations received excellence in diversity, equity, and inclusion awards, which recognize “outstanding advocacy journalism tackling the topic of diversity, racial injustice and/or inequality. Innovative content offerings to our consumers. Our trusted, local content is the driver of our success across all distribution channels. Our scale has allowed us to invest in comprehensive content and digital innovation initiatives. Our focus on data-driven editorial processes, new storytelling formats, and unique visual presentations across all our platforms are helping us to advance our goal of making our content the consumers’ first choice, regardless of platform. We produce the daily live, multi-platform syndicated news and entertainment program “Daily Blast LIVE” (or DBL) out of KUSA in Denver. Now in its sixth year, “Daily Blast LIVE” is carried in all TEGNA markets and in select non-TEGNA markets, together covering 48% of U.S. markets. “Daily Blast LIVE” is a true multi-platform play, broadcast across linear TV, digital and social media. The program broadcasts live 5 days a week, at least 48 weeks per year, and streams up to 5 hours of trending 4 news each day across YouTube, Twitter, Twitch, DailyBlastLive.com, the DBL app and TEGNA’s station apps on Roku and Fire TV. We own and operate entertainment brands True Crime Network, Quest and Twist, which capitalize on the rapidly growing over-the-air (OTA) and OTT television platforms. In addition to 24/7 linear broadcasts on hundreds of broadcast stations nationwide, the True Crime Network and Quest streaming apps are available on Roku, Amazon Fire TV and Apple TV, as well as via mobile and tablet on iOS and Android devices, Chromecast, and on the web. Each streaming service offers hundreds of free, ad-supported, on-demand episodes of high-quality shows and generate millions of ad impressions per month, sold in part in partnership with our Premion business. We also operate VAULT Studios, which develops high-quality podcast and original television programs developed from our stations’ vast library of true crime and investigative content. Engagement across all platforms. Through websites, mobile and OTT apps we extend our local brands reaching more than 80 million visitors per month. As the consumption of content on digital platforms increases, we have continued to make investments in developing new ways of connecting with local audiences and enhancing our digital capabilities. In late 2016, we launched Premion, the industry’s first local advertising solution for OTT streaming and connected TV (CTV) platforms. We provide local, regional and national brands with an effective, turnkey solution to run streaming CTV advertising campaigns in all of the 210 Designated Market Areas (DMAs) in the United States. With premium inventory from 125+ branded networks, advanced targeting, and outcomes-based measurement, Premion is a highly desirable and effective way for advertisers to reach a highly engaged streaming audience, and has enabled us to expand our revenue base and reach new markets. We have built our business on local as our competitive advantage: our large, local salesforce is leveraging relationships with local and regional advertisers to sell Premion inventory to deliver scale and measurable outcomes at the local level. Premion continues to deliver strong revenue which was up 26% in 2022 compared to 2021. In 2020, Premion received a TAG Certified Against Fraud Seal from the Trustworthy Accountability Group in recognition of its investments in capabilities to combat fraud in the OTT ecosystem. Also in 2020, we sold a minority ownership interest in Premion for $14.0 million to an affiliate of Gray Television (Gray). In connection with that transaction, Premion and Gray entered into a commercial arrangement under which Gray resells Premion services across all of Gray’s 113 television markets. Our TEGNA stations and Gray each have the right to independently sell Premion’s inventory in markets where we both operate a local television station. With this additional sales channel, our combined TEGNA, Gray and Premion direct sales forces reach OTT viewers in more than 78% of U.S. television households. Our Competition The proliferation of high-speed broadband to the home and phone has significantly increased competition in the video marketplace in the last decade. Today, mobile broadband covers the U.S., and a vast majority of Americans own devices that can access mobile broadband, with numbers continuing to grow. Similarly, fixed, wired broadband to the home also covers a majority of the United States and is also growing. With the rise of 5G and unlimited data plans, every screen or mobile phone is now capable of displaying video programming of the sort previously reserved to television. These video consumption patterns in the past were associated almost exclusively with younger consumers but have evolved over time to include older consumers. With the onset of ubiquitous high-speed Internet service has come an explosion of platforms and applications with video advertising capabilities that consumers have adopted. These include large players like YouTube and Facebook, and a long tail of mobile applications and services that consumers value, with more being added every week. Our company strives to capture as large a viewing audience as possible, as the number of viewers who watch our content in each DMA has a direct impact on our ability to maximize our major revenue streams: subscription revenue, advertising marketing services revenue and political revenue. We compete for audience share as part of an increasingly varied and competitive media landscape. We compete for advertising revenue with other platforms for television advertising media, including other broadcast stations and cable providers. We also compete against both traditional and new forms of media that offer paid advertising, including radio, newspapers, magazines, direct mail, online video, and social media. Major competitors in this space include cable providers Comcast and Charter, as well as internet platforms Google, Facebook, and YouTube. Advertisements on these digital platforms look like traditional television ads and compete with over-the-air broadcast ads in the local ad market. With respect to subscription revenue, we compete to capture a share of the total amount MVPDs are willing to pay for the rights to distribute linear TV content to their subscribers. The larger our audience share, the more appealing our programming is to the MVPDs and the more they will be willing to pay for the right to distribute it. We compete for this revenue against other broadcast stations and cable networks. In addition, we compete for audience share from broadcast stations and cable networks as well as companies providing/facilitating the delivery of video content via the Internet to computers, televisions, and other streaming and mobile devices (such as Amazon Prime, Apple TV+, Disney+, HBO Max, Hulu, Netflix, and others). 5 The advertising industry is dynamic and rapidly evolving. Through their websites, our stations compete in the local electronic media space, which includes the internet or internet-enabled devices, handheld wireless devices such as mobile phones and tablets, social media platforms, digital spectrum opportunities and video streaming services. In this space, we compete for audience and advertising revenue against other local media companies, Internet advertising giants such as Google and Facebook, as well as the fragmented landscape of digital ad agencies. The technology that enables consumers to receive news and information continues to evolve as does our digital strategy. Our Regulatory Environment Our television and radio stations are operated under the authority of the FCC, the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (Communications Act), and the rules and policies of the FCC (FCC regulations). As a result, our stations are subject to a variety of obligations, such as restrictions on the broadcast of material deemed “indecent” or “profane,” requirements to provide or pass through closed captioning for most programming, rules requiring the public disclosure of certain information about our stations’ operations, and the obligation to offer programming responsive to the needs and interests of our stations’ communities. The FCC may alter or add to these requirements, and any such changes may affect the performance of our business. Certain significant elements of the FCC’s current regulatory framework for broadcast television are described in further detail below. Licensing. Television and radio broadcast licenses generally are granted for eight-year periods. They are renewable upon application to the FCC and usually are renewed except in rare cases in which a petition to deny, a complaint or an adverse finding as to the licensee’s qualifications results in loss of the license. We believe that our stations operate in substantial compliance with the Communications Act and FCC regulations. Local Broadcast Ownership Restrictions. FCC regulations limit the concentration of broadcasting control and regulate network and local programming practices. The FCC is required by statute to review these rules and regulations every four years. In November 2017, the FCC adopted an order altering its regulations governing media ownership, generally making these regulations less restrictive. For example, the order eliminated the newspaper/broadcast cross-ownership rule, which generally prohibited an entity from holding an ownership interest in a daily print newspaper and a full-power broadcast station within the same market, and the television/radio cross-ownership rule, which imposed a number of limits on the ability to own television and radio stations in the same market. The order also made common ownership of two television stations in the same market permissible in more markets so long as at least one of the commonly owned stations is not among the top four rated stations in the market at the time of acquisition, and provided for case-by-case consideration of transactions that would result in new or continued common ownership of two top four rated stations in a market. The FCC’s November 2017 ownership order also eliminated a rule making certain television joint advertising sales agreements (JSAs) attributable in calculating compliance with the ownership limits. TEGNA is not currently party to any JSAs. Various parties, including cable operators and other advocates for more stringent broadcast ownership restrictions, opposed the changes adopted in the FCC’s November 2017 order and challenged the order in court. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit vacated and remanded the FCC’s November 2017 order effective as of November 29, 2019, thus reverting as of that date the FCC’s broadcast ownership rules to those in effect immediately prior to the November 2017 order. The U.S. Supreme Court on April 1, 2021, reversed the Third Circuit’s decision; as a result, the changes adopted in the November 2017 order were reinstated and currently are in effect. The periodic review of the local broadcast ownership rules initiated by the FCC in 2018 remains pending. In addition, to comply with its statutory obligation to review the local broadcast ownership rules every four years, the FCC initiated a new, parallel review proceeding on December 22, 2022. The FCC requires the disclosure of shared services agreements (SSAs) in stations’ online public inspection files, though these agreements generally are not deemed to be attributable ownership interests. The FCC defines SSAs broadly to include a wide range of agreements between separately owned stations, including news sharing agreements and other agreements involving “station-related services.” We are party to an SSA under which our television station in Toledo, WTOL, provides certain services (not including advertising sales) to another Toledo television station owned by a third party. We are party to several other agreements involving the limited sharing of certain equipment and resources; some of these agreements may qualify as SSAs subject to disclosure. National Broadcast Ownership Restrictions. The Communications Act includes a national ownership cap for broadcast television stations that prohibits any one person or entity from having, in the aggregate, market reach of more than 39% of all U.S. television households. FCC regulations permit stations to discount the market reach of stations that broadcast on UHF channels by 50% (the UHF discount). In December 2017, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeking comments on whether it can or should modify or eliminate the national ownership cap and/or the UHF discount. Our 64 television stations reach approximately 29.9% of U.S. television households when the UHF discount is applied and approximately 39.1% without the UHF discount. Retransmission Consent. As permitted by the Communications Act and FCC rules, we require cable and satellite operators to negotiate retransmission consent agreements to retransmit our television stations’ signals. Under the applicable statutory provisions and FCC rules, such negotiations must be conducted in “good faith.” FCC rules also provide stations with certain protections against cable and satellite operators importing duplicating network or syndicated programming broadcast by distant stations. Pay-TV interests and other parties continue to advocate for the FCC to alter or eliminate various aspects of the rules 6 governing retransmission consent negotiations and stations’ exclusivity rights. If in the future changes to the retransmission consent and/or exclusivity rules were adopted, such developments could give cable and satellite operators leverage against broadcasters in retransmission consent negotiations, which could possibly adversely impact our revenue from retransmission and advertising. Post-Incentive Auction Repacking. In April 2017, the FCC announced the completion of a voluntary incentive auction to reallocate certain spectrum then occupied by television broadcast stations to mobile wireless broadband services, along with a related “repacking” of the television spectrum for remaining television stations. None of our stations relinquished any spectrum rights as a result of the auction. Stations in eighteen of our markets (including one station we acquired post-repack in 2020) were repacked to new channels. All of our repacked stations have completed their transitions to their new channels. The legislation authorizing the incentive auction and repacking established a $1.75 billion fund for reimbursement of costs incurred by stations required to change channels in the repacking. Subsequent legislation enacted on March 23, 2018, appropriated an additional $1 billion for the repacking fund, of which up to $750 million may be made available to repacked full power and Class A television stations and multichannel video programming distributors. Other funds are earmarked to assist affected low power television stations, television translator stations, and FM radio stations, as well for consumer education efforts. On October 7, 2020, the FCC announced that all final invoices and supporting documentation for reimbursement requests would be due no later than (1) October 8, 2021, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 5 or earlier; (2) March 22, 2022, for full power and Class A TV stations that transitioned in Phase 6 or later; and (3) September 5, 2022, for all other entities entitled to seek repacking-related reimbursements (including low power television stations and television translator stations). As of December 31, 2022, TEGNA has received reimbursement for substantially all of its qualifying expenditures. By law, the repacking reimbursement program will end July 3, 2023, at which point any remaining unobligated funds will be returned to the U.S. Treasury. NextGen TV (ATSC 3.0). In November 2017, the FCC adopted an order authorizing broadcast television stations to voluntarily transition to a new technical standard, called Next Generation TV or ATSC 3.0. The new standard makes possible a variety of benefits for both broadcasters and viewers, including better sound and picture quality, hyper-localized programming including news and weather, enhanced emergency alerts, improved mobile reception, the use of targeted advertising, and more efficient use of spectrum, potentially allowing for more multicast streams to be aired on the same 6 megahertz channel. However, ATSC 3.0 is not backwards compatible with existing television equipment. To ensure continued service to all viewers, the FCC’s order authorizing ATSC 3.0 operations requires full-power television stations that transition to the new standard to continue broadcasting a signal in the existing DTV standard (known as ATSC 1.0) until the FCC phases out the requirement in a future order. Current rules require the content of this simulcast signal to be substantially similar to the programming aired on the ATSC 3.0 channel until July 17, 2023; an FCC proceeding considering whether to extend this “substantially similar” requirement is ongoing. Transitioning a station to ATSC 3.0 is voluntary under current FCC rules and may require significant expenditures. As of December 31, 2022, we are broadcasting the primary channels of KGW (Portland, OR), WTSP (Tampa, FL), KUSA (Denver, CO), KING (Seattle, WA), KONG (Everett, WA), WGRZ (Buffalo, NY), KXTV (Sacramento, CA), KPNX (Mesa, AZ), WCNC (Charlotte, NC), KTHV (Little Rock, AR), WXIA (Atlanta, GA), KSDK (St. Louis, MO), WTHR (Indianapolis, IN), WTIC (Hartford, CT), WCCT (Waterbury, CT), KHOU (Houston, TX), WUSA (Washington, DC), WHAS (Louisville, KY), WWL (New Orleans, LA), and WUPL (Slidell, LA), in both ATSC 1.0 and ATSC 3.0 formats. In each case, in accordance with FCC rules, we have entered into channel sharing agreements with other local broadcasters in the market to facilitate this transition by hosting the applicable primary channel in either ATSC 1.0 or 3.0 format. We expect to continue rolling out the new standard in coordination with other broadcasters, taking into account relevant market dynamics and our overall capital planning. To the extent we roll ATSC 3.0 service out to our stations, there can be no guarantee that such service would earn sufficient additional revenues to offset the related expenditures. Our Environmental Regulatory Matters We are subject to various laws and government regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health. U.S. federal environmental legislation that pertains to us include the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (also known as Superfund). We are also regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning employee safety and health matters. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), OSHA and other federal agencies have the authority to write regulations that have an effect on our operations. In addition to these federal regulations, various states have authority under the federal statutes mentioned above. Many state and local governments have adopted environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations, some of which are similar to federal requirements. State and federal authorities may seek fines and penalties for violating these laws and regulations. We believe that we have complied with such proceedings and orders at our stations without any materially adverse effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statements of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. 7 Our General Company Information Our company was founded by Frank E. Gannett and associates in 1906 and was incorporated in 1923. We listed shares publicly for the first time in 1967 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1972. Our headquarters is located at 8350 Broad Street, Suite 2000, Tysons, VA, 22102. Our telephone number is (703) 873-6600 and our website home page is www.tegna.com. We make our website content available for information purposes only. It should not be relied upon for investment purposes, nor is it incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements for our annual stockholders’ meetings and amendments to those reports are available free of charge on our investor website, under “Investor Relations” at www.tegna.com as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, copies of our annual reports will be made available, free of charge, upon written request. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding SEC registrants, including TEGNA Inc. Our Human Capital Our people play an important role in our success in today’s rapidly evolving media landscape. Our key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain and develop the highest caliber talent in our industry. Our human resources programs are designed to support these objectives by offering competitive pay, industry-leading benefits and development and growth opportunities. We strive to foster diversity, inclusion and innovation in our culture through our human resources, sales and journalism programs and policies. As of December 31, 2022, we employed approximately 6,300 full-time and part- time people (including 105 corporate headquarters employees), all of whom were located in the United States. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion – To strengthen accountability in diversity in the governance of the Company, in 2020 the Board adopted specific areas of oversight for each Board committee regarding how TEGNA approaches diversity: • • • • The Leadership Development & Compensation Committee is responsible for monitoring the Company’s performance in diversity, inclusion and equal employment opportunity, supporting our commitment to these principles and the continuation of our efforts to gain and maintain diversity among our employees and management. The Nominating & Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing the racial, ethnic and gender diversity of the Board. The Public Policy and Regulatory Committee reviews with management the Company’s approach to, and initiatives and support for, promoting racial and ethnic diversity in our news and other content, through inclusive journalism and racial and ethnic diversity in our editorial decision-making and leadership. The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the Company’s finance and asset management-related diversity and inclusion efforts, including our investment and purchasing involving minority-owned businesses. In 2022, we continued our progress towards achieving our publicly stated and quantifiable five-year Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DE&I) goals. Our sustained progress is due to the collective efforts at all levels of our organization; from our Board of Directors to our front-line employees serving on our company Diversity and Inclusion Working Group and local Diversity & Inclusion (D&I) teams, and everyone in between. We know there is much more work to do, and progress takes a daily commitment. We are proud of the gains we have made in diversifying our workforce, creating a more inclusive culture, and our aim to increase representation of Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) by meeting these 2025 objectives. 8 2025 Diversity and Inclusions Goals and 2022 Progress Content Teams: Increase the diversity of our content teams (news, digital and marketing employees) to reflect the aggregate BIPOC* diversity of the communities we serve, which is ~36%. Content Leadership: Increase BIPOC representation in content leadership roles by 50%. Company Leadership: Increase BIPOC representation across all management roles within the organization by 50%. CONTENT TEAMS Reflect markets at ~36% On track 1/1/21 - 27% 12/31/21 - 30% 12/31/22 - 32% 1/1/21 - 46% 12/31/21 - 46% 12/31/22 - 45% * BIPOC = Black, Indigenous, and People of Color CONTENT LEADERSHIP COMPANY LEADERSHIP ALL EMPLOYEES Increase by 50% Increase by 50% On track 1/1/21 - 17% 12/31/21 - 20% 12/31/22 - 23% 1/1/21 - 45% 12/31/21 - 44% 12/31/22 - 44% On track 1/1/21 - 16% 12/31/21 - 18% 12/31/22 - 20% 1/1/21 - 41% 12/31/21 - 42% 12/31/22 - 42% 1/1/21 - 25% 12/31/21 - 27% 12/31/22 - 29% 1/1/21 - 47% 12/31/21 - 47% 12/31/22 - 47% 2025 BIPOC Goals 2022 BIPOC Progress 2022 Female Representation All Employees ASIAN 3.1% BLACK OR AFRICAN- AMERICAN 12.7% HISPANIC OR LATINO WHITE OTHER 10.7% 68.4% 2.5% * N/A - not available or not disclosed N/A* 2.6% To support our DE&I goals, we are actively seeking diverse talent through recruiting, investing in a multiyear Inclusive Journalism program, requiring unconscious and implicit bias training of all employees, gathering regular input from our 16-member D&I Working Group led by Chief Diversity Officer Grady Tripp, and championing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) equality. For the sixth consecutive year, TEGNA was named a Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality by the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index. The 2022 Corporate Equality Index evaluated LGBTQ-related policies and practices including non-discrimination workplace protections, domestic partner benefits, transgender-inclusive health care benefits, competency programs, and public engagement with the LGBTQ community. We received the highest marks in all categories, resulting in a perfect score of 100. Here are the five pillars that support achieving our DE&I goals and notable progress we have made in 2022: 1. Talent Pipeline and Bench Strength: Increase partnerships with diverse professional organizations, historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions, and universities. Continue building on our existing internship, Producer-in-Residence, and other programs. • Progress: We continued to expand our partnerships with the National Association of Black Journalists, National Association of Hispanic Journalists, and Asian American Journalists Association through engagements at both the national and local level. Our trailblazing Producer-in-Residence program increased its class size from 9 2021, with 64% of participants represented by people of color, and 76% of participants identifying as female. Our paid Summer Intern Program experienced similar success, with people of color representing 53% of our interns. Additionally, while we’ve had a focus on our content teams, in partnership with our sales leaders, our talent organization launched our first-ever Sales-in-Residence program, designed to enhance a diverse early-career talent pipeline into sales generating roles. 67% of our inaugural class is represented by people of color. 2. Leadership Compensation Tied to Diversity and Inclusion Goals: Enhance our diversity and inclusion goals for key leaders in the organization. • Progress: We continued to deliver on our commitment to ensure that D&I goals are embedded meaningfully into both our annual performance management and our bonus processes for 2022. We also confirmed these measures will carry over into our 2023 processes. 3. Multi-Year Inclusive Journalism Program: Development and launch of customized, multi-year inclusive journalism program with expert external partners. • Progress: In 2022, we continued our partnerships with both The Poynter Institute and Horowitz Research as we further evolve our multi- year Inclusive Journalism Program. With Poynter, we created a training framework to ensure 2022 new hires received the same foundation as our employees who matriculated through the 2021 training portion of the program. We also launched a mid-level manager training program titled Inclusive Leadership Program with Poynter, which will carry over into 2023. Additionally, we remained focused on measuring outcomes of our program through content audits led by Horowitz Research. All our stations received audit reports on broadcast, digital, and marketing content which has led to greater awareness and intentional actions to ensure our storytelling, imagery, and language resonates and honors the communities we serve. 4. Leverage Insights from Employee Feedback: Implement employee input to improve our action planning and accountability. • Progress: Our company-wide D&I Working Group and local D&I teams continue to be an important part of our journey to create more inclusive environments for all identities at our company. In 2022, we focused on the empowerment of our local D&I teams, to ensure teams were positioned to partner with our local leadership to address opportunities and issues at the local level. The development of new content franchises, greater inclusion in editorial processes, increased participation by front-line employees in interview processes, and a host of other meaningful actions are a result of the partnership of our D&I teams. 5. Employee Training: Provide employees with ongoing resources and platforms to increase learning and discussion on D&I topics to support a culture of belonging. • Progress: In 2022, we continued the monthly rollout of our company-wide DE&I Discovery Series that covered a different DE&I learning topic each month and sparked broad participation by station groups, with discussions often led by station leaders and local D&I groups. We continued our partnership with the National Center for Civil and Human Rights to engage in a training series on implicit bias, microaggressions, and other DE&I topics for leaders and employees. Additionally, we launched an internal DE&I Newsletter and DE&I Resource Site that provides valuable resources for both managers and employees on several diversity, equity, and inclusion topics. Serving Our People – TEGNA provides a range of learning and development opportunities for employees and leaders to help expand their skills and prepare them to step into larger roles in the future and grow their careers. We are investing in and growing our talent pipeline through specialized programs for managers and leaders, content and sales employees, and high- potential early career talent, including: • Manager Training: We invest in the continual learning and development of our managers because our leaders’ effectiveness is critical to the Company’s long-term success. Our Manager Training Program is based on TEGNA’s critical leadership skills and provides managers a targeted and progressive curriculum. The curriculum delivers tailored content for all levels of managers depending on their leadership level. This program includes content on foundational policies and procedures, how to lead effectively, how managers can foster a high-performing team, and how to lead strategically through change and collaboration. In 2022, we conducted four sessions for approximately 100 managers and director-level employees. • Leadership Development Programs: Based on our critical leadership skills, we enhanced our formal leadership development programs, including Leadership in Action and our Executive Leadership Development programs to ensure our current and future director-level and VP-level talent have the development training necessary to prepare them to 10 step into larger leadership roles in the future. In 2022 we developed 54 leaders in these two programs with 43% of participants represented by people of color and 52% identifying as female. News Leadership Forum: This forum is designed to provide high-performing news managers exposure to the day-to-day operational responsibilities of a news or digital director. This program helps prepare leaders to step in and perform operational tasks effectively. In 2022, we conducted one cohort with 36 participants with 58% of participants represented by people of color and 72% identifying as female. Producer Training: We provide ongoing learning and development opportunities for our producers to help create more innovative content. Courses are regularly offered to help producers enhance their skills and grow their careers. Inside Out Sales Training: This training program for new sellers ensures they understand our sales approach and are given the opportunity to develop their selling skills in a highly interactive manner. In 2022, multiple sessions were offered. • • • We have also developed and implemented a variety of training courses to help foster our high-performing and accountable culture. Courses offered in 2022 included: • • How to create a S.M.A.R.T (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-based) performance goal. How to give and receive feedback. To support professional development across the company, training is provided for employees and managers on how to write effective performance reviews, how to create performance and development goals, and how to have career coaching conversations. To grow and develop new talent, TEGNA offers the following early career programs: Producer-in-Residence Program: TEGNA’s Producer-in-Residence (PIR) program has grown to one of the largest entry-level producer development programs in the industry. We search for PIR participants at major journalism schools as well as regional universities and colleges, including several historically Black institutions. The program includes a producer boot camp followed by two years of training at one of our local stations. In 2022, we grew the program from 36 to 59 participants. 64% of participants were represented by people of color. The program has attained an approximately 80% promotion rate to a regular producer role after completing the PIR program. Sales-In-Residence Program: TEGNA’s Sales-in-Residence Program is a 12-month development program for high-potential talent just graduating from college. This program is designed to grow and develop selling skills through in-person and virtual learning sessions. This program provides participants with opportunities to gain the sales and marketing skills and experience needed to drive impactful business outcomes for business and brands in the markets we serve. In 2022, we launched this program with six participants with 67% representing people of color and those identifying as female. Summer Intern Program: TEGNA’s Summer Intern Program provides rising college seniors with meaningful work assignments, connections to the communities we serve, and career development opportunities. We offer a variety of intern tracks, including producer, sales, and marketing. The program has improved our intern to employee conversion rate and has notably increased diversity in our early career roles. In 2022, TEGNA employed 40 interns and 53% of participants were represented by people of color. Employee Well-Being – Maintaining the health and well-being of our employees and their families is a top priority for our company. In 2023, several new benefits approved in 2022 take effect: • • • • Coverage for disposable insulin pumps: TEGNA’s pharmacy plan through CVS Caremark® covers newly released disposable insulin pumps, such as the Omnipod 5, reducing daily injections and finger sticks, and providing significant savings for employees. Savings on prescription drugs: TEGNA is making the RxSavings Plus discount program available to all employees – even those not enrolled in our medical plan – to provide significant savings at the pharmacy on generic and brand name drugs for employees, their family members and pets. Savings on lenses and coating for glasses: Employees that need premium progressive lenses and/or want to add premium anti-reflective coating will find these enhancements at a fixed out-of-pocket cost, saving them money. 100% dental coverage for children up to age 13: We’ve added Delta Dental’s Right Start 4 Kids program to our dental plans. Designed for children up to age 13, this program provides 100% coverage with no deductible for most diagnostic, preventative and basic services when employees visit an in-network dentist. 11 • • Access to more dental providers: TEGNA is moving to the Delta Dental Basic Plan, which offers similar benefits to the previously offered EPO Plan with expanded access to more dental providers for greater flexibility and choice. Improving disability claims processing: We are transitioning our disability administration to Aflac in 2023 to expedite the benefits process for those who need it. TEGNA also offers a comprehensive wellness program that provides employees with enhanced mental health and wellness benefits through Spring Health. Spring Health is a convenient, comprehensive and confidential wellness service that is available 24/7 with up to 12 free therapy sessions provided to help employees and their families manage stress, increase focus, and get help when they need it. TEGNA covers 12 annual therapy sessions for employees and each of their family members — even if they’re not enrolled in TEGNA’s medical plans. In 2022, TEGNA introduced WellSprings by Spring Health, a year-long series of small group webinars designed to cultivate connection and support around topical health stressors. During Mental Health Awareness month in May, WellSprings offered webinars on a variety of topics, including family mental wellness, how to talk about mental health with others and resources for managing concerns around teen behavior. In addition to mental health support, Spring Health also provides access to a broad network of resources to meet legal, financial, dependent and other care needs. TEGNA provides a company-matching 401(k) Savings Plan for future financial security. All employees, including part-time and temporary employees, are eligible and TEGNA matches employee contributions dollar for dollar on the first 4% of eligible pay. Participants are immediately 100% vested in all contributions, including the company match. All new parents receive at least six weeks of paid parental leave to focus on their growing family. Women who give birth are eligible to take a minimum of 12 weeks maternity 100% paid leave. For 2022, we expanded our adoption reimbursement to $10,000 and introduced a surrogacy reimbursement benefit of $10,000 to support every path to parenthood and provide coverage for employees’ family planning goals. Work-life balance benefits are available through a TEGNA-sponsored membership to Care@Work. We also provide other additional and optional benefits including, among others, life and disability insurance plus supplemental insurance options, virtual 24/7 telehealth access, paid time off and nine company holidays, active-duty leave, caregiver leave, employee discounts, a volunteerism program, matching gifts, and student loan refinancing and tuition reimbursement. Labor Union Representation - Approximately 9% of our employees are represented by labor unions. They are represented by 27 local bargaining units (most of which are affiliated with one of four major unions) under local collective bargaining agreements. These agreements conform generally with the pattern of labor agreements in the broadcasting industry. We do not engage in industry-wide or company-wide bargaining. Information About our Executive Officers - Our executive officers as of February 27, 2023 are listed below, with their ages on that date, positions and offices currently held, and principal occupation and business experience during at least the last five years. All officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. David T. Lougee - President and Chief Executive Officer (June 2017-present); TEGNA director (2017-present). Formerly: President, TEGNA Media (July 2007-June 2017). Age 64. Lynn Beall (Trelstad) - Executive Vice President and COO of Media Operations (June 2017-present). Formerly: Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, TEGNA Media. Age 62. Victoria D. Harker - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (June 2015-present). Age 58. Akin S. Harrison - Senior Vice President and General Counsel (July 2021 - present). Formerly: Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (January 2019 - June 2021), Senior Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Secretary (June 2017 - December 2018), Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Secretary (July 2015 - June 2017). Age 50. Our Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability Our enduring purpose to serve the greater good of our communities guides us, and our values – inclusion, integrity, innovation, impact and results – propel our stations and employees to be forces for positive change in the communities where we live and work. In 2022, our purpose-driven commitments to the environment, society and governance (ESG) enabled us to continue to make measurable progress in DE&I, bring focus to environmental and sustainability issues and continue to invest in our people and communities we serve. Our Board’s Public Policy and Regulation Committee oversees and guides our ESG practices and initiatives, and it reviews and reports on these efforts periodically to the Board. Discussing our ESG strategy and practices openly is an important part of our commitment to continually evolve our program. 12 Environmental Commitment – We are focused on being responsible stewards of our resources, recognizing the necessity for progress on our planet’s environmental and sustainability challenges. We have enhanced our oversight, programs, reporting and accountability to further our commitment to minimize our carbon footprint and protect and preserve the environment. Our stations continue to bring focus on environmental and sustainability issues across the country and the globe. They regularly report on environmental climate and sustainability issues that impact their communities and, increasingly, they are generating stories about the impacts of climate change and solutions to those effects. In the year following the Marshall Fire in Colorado, the most destructive wildfire in state history, KUSA in Denver spent months geolocating and timestamping hundreds of videos from cellphones, body-worn cameras, and security cameras. The station then created The Marshall Fire Map, representing a first-of-its-kind effort to document what life was like for thousands of people in Boulder County during the fire. KPNX in Phoenix continued its Scorched Earth series and investigated how homeowners in the City of Scottsdale will soon be losing access to the city’s water – yet homes are still being sold in the area. News Center Maine continued to explore climate change in the state, including updates on where the state stands in meeting their four-year climate action goals established in 2020. In 2022, as part of its broader Environment Matters special reporting, WUSA in Washington introduced ECO9, an environmentally friendly, low emission live truck. The first of its kind in the broadcasting industry, ECO9 is a 2022 Toyota Highlander XLE Hybrid that was conceived by WUSA and built by the engineers at Frontline Communications. Equipped with three cameras – two fixed internal and one 360-degree external – ECO9’s electronics for broadcasting run on a state-of-the-art rechargeable lithium-ion battery system (Li-ION batteries) with supplemental charging from solar panels on the roof, which allow for trickle charging during the day while ECO9 is out in natural light. ECO9’s broadcasting system can operate continually with the truck’s engine turned off for six hours. Capabilities also include remote live camera signal transmission with video switching and professional LED lighting for in-the-field reporting. We continued to focus on reducing business travel by using video conferencing technology across the company. We continue to apply thoughtful energy efficiency strategies, including upgrading stations’ studio lighting to LEDs; replacing in-efficient HVAC systems, and replacing roofs with energy efficient materials. In addition, we do now and will continue to consider our suppliers’ ESG performance as a factor in procurement decisions. To operate in an environmentally friendly way, our environmental policies include practices for the recycling and responsible disposal of technology products and equipment such as batteries and reducing the waste we generate at corporate offices and in production processes. We regard environmental responsiveness and resource conservation as an integral part of business management, and we support finding sound solutions to such environmental problems as any arise. Each employee is expected to work toward these goals and is encouraged to advise their supervisor promptly of any situation that may be in conflict with our environmental policy. The TEGNA Foundation supports nonprofit activities in communities where we do business and contributes to a variety of charitable causes through its Community Grant Program. Community Grants are identified locally by our stations and include support for community sustainability efforts. In 2022, these include KFMB in San Diego’s support of I Love a Clean San Diego County’s Kid’s Ocean Day, a beach clean-up day including lessons on water conservation, pollution prevention, and watershed protection for 800 local students; WHAS’s in Louisville’s support of Friends of Beechwood Park’s annual festival focusing on the environment and local environmental clean-up efforts; and WKYC in Cleveland’s support for Alliance For The Great Lakes, supporting improved water infrastructure in the Cleveland area, including water affordability programs and replacing lead service lines. Social Impact – Exposing corruption and wrongdoing, holding elected officials and those in power accountable, giving a voice to the voiceless and telling empowering stories that impact our lives is at the heart of our purpose to serve the greater good. In 2022, our stations and news teams strove to be the most trusted sources of news in our communities and to be agents of beneficial change in the markets we serve. Our local journalists are empowered to seek out the stories that matter most to their audience and pursue investigations that expose wrongdoing while continuing to maintain the highest ethical standards. In 2022, TEGNA stations received major journalism awards that underscore our innovative approach to content, impactful investigations, and commitment to the communities we serve. TEGNA stations received two Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University awards for KARE 11 Investigates: Cruel and Unusual, which exposed Minnesota jail officials ignoring preventable inmate deaths and KXTV in Sacramento was honored for Fire-Power-Money, their investigative series on Pacific Gas & Electric’s role in the deadliest wildfire in California history. KUSA in Denver won the prestigious Peabody Award for their “Prone” investigative series on the dangers of the prone position chokehold restraint. TEGNA stations received 96 Regional Edward R. Murrow Awards, more than any other local broadcast television group and the most in our history. KARE in Minneapolis received 11 individual awards, the most given to any station in 2022 and the most in their history. Stations also received six National Edward R. Murrow Awards, including KUSA for Overall Excellence in Large Market Television. The National Association of Black Journalists’ Salute to Excellence Awards honored KHOU in Houston, WVEC in Hampton, VA and WUSA in Washington, which received two awards. Stations also received four Gracie Awards from the Alliance for Women in Media Foundation, including: KHOU in Houston, WKYC in Cleveland, which received two awards, and KSDK in St. Louis. 13 Each year, our stations identify pressing needs in their communities and partner with local nonprofit organizations to help address these issues. In 2022, our stations helped raise more than $100 million in support of diverse local causes that address specific needs in communities. For example, in Sacramento, 2022 was the third year of ABC10’s Stand Against Hunger campaign, the station’s flagship community effort focused on raising money for area food banks serving their 16-county area. Over the last three years, the station has raised nearly $900,000, helping their food bank partners serve nearly nine million meals during the holidays and beyond. Station employees also committed more than 100 hours of volunteer time to help package and distribute food to those in need. In Seattle, KING helped lead the 22nd annual Home Team Harvest campaign, surpassing their goal by raising 21.5 million meals for Northwest Harvest, a food justice organization working throughout Washington state to end hunger and address the root causes of poverty. KING produced a Home Team Harvest broadcast special which highlighted the campaign’s efforts and impact throughout the community. In 2022, we launched a DE&I and community-centered impact investing initiative with CNote, an organization which helps companies invest capital in underserved communities at scale. TEGNA made investments in twelve Community Development Financial Institutions that aim to increase capital access and economic development in the communities TEGNA serves. Investments were made in the following institutions: ANECA Federal Credit Union, Bank of Cherokee County, Carver State Bank, Commodore Perry Federal Credit Union, Essential Credit Union, Freedom Bank, Hope Federal Credit Union, Latino Credit Union, Legacy Bank and Trust, Optus Bank, Self-Help Federal Credit Union and VCC Bank. Through the TEGNA Foundation, we work to improve lives in the communities we serve by contributing to a variety of local charitable causes through Community Grants. In 2022, the TEGNA Foundation in partnership with local stations made 367 Community Grants totaling $1.89 million. Grants are distributed within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal framework, with the majority of 2022 grants supporting three major categories: Good Health and Well-Being, Quality Education, and Zero Hunger. Through its other programs, the TEGNA Foundation invests in the future of the media industry through Media Grants, partners with nonprofits focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion through the DE&I Grant program, supports employee giving and volunteerism, and contributes to a variety of other charitable causes. Media Grants support training for the next generation of diverse journalists, education and development opportunities for journalists and other professionals in the media field, and protection of First Amendment freedoms. In 2022, we awarded $135,000 in Media Grants to 12 organizations that included two grants to the National Association for Hispanic Journalists to provide student support for the organization’s annual conference and support for a nine-month long Career Preparation Workshop series. Additional Media Grants went to the American Bar Association Fund for Justice and Education to support the 2023 Moot Court competition; Asian American Journalists Association for its JCamp and Voices student programs; Carole Kneeland Project for Responsible Television Journalism to support boot camps, training, and online continuing education; and Investigative Reporters and Editors Inc. for two Freedom of Information Act sessions and the Media Lawyer Brown Bag lunch session at the 2022 annual conference. Grants also went to the National Association of Black Journalists to support a professional development session at the 2022 annual conference and to support the 2022 Black Male Media Project; NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists to support the CONNECT: Student Journalism Training Program, a conference for LGBTQ student journalists; Native American Journalists Association to support student programming at their annual conference; Online News Association to support student/new professional scholarships for the 2022 conference; and the Radio Television Digital News Foundation for the 2022 student support at the 2022 conference. In 2022, TEGNA Foundation formalized its DE&I grantmaking by creating a new grant program and employee committee. 25 grants were made in the program’s first year, supporting nonprofit organizations throughout the communities where TEGNA does business. Grants focused on support for the LGBTQ+ youth and senior communities, programs supporting girls and women, support for the creation of the National Juneteenth Museum, and organizations creating opportunities for individuals of all abilities. Our employees also give back to their local communities by volunteering for and donating to their favorite causes. In 2022, the TEGNA Foundation matched employee donations two-for-one to the nonprofits most meaningful to them. As a result, the Foundation approved more than 2,150 employee matching gifts. Their donations combined with TEGNA Foundation matches totaled more than $2 million. TEGNA supports employee participation in charitable causes, providing 10 hours of paid time off annually for volunteer work in addition to our employee matching gift program. Stations are also a valued resource for communities when natural disasters strike. In addition to our news coverage that keeps our audience informed and safe during disasters, our stations tell inspirational stories of heroism and hope to help our communities pull together during times of crisis. Stations also help lead fundraising initiatives when crises hit, as several did in 2022. For the third consecutive year, we were named to The Civic 50 by Points of Light, the world’s largest organization dedicated to volunteer service. The Civic 50 recognized TEGNA as one of the 50 most community-minded companies in the United States, and as the Telecommunications Sector Leader. 14 Corporate Governance – Our management and Board of Directors aim to create value for our shareholders through effective, ethical management of our company. Our Board of Directors has implemented strong corporate governance policies that align with best practices for publicly held companies and the evolving expectations of shareholders and institutional investors. • • • • Independent Board Oversight: We have an independent and diverse Board, led by an independent chairman. The Board maintains objective oversight as 10 out of TEGNA’s 11 Directors are independent, with CEO Dave Lougee serving as the only TEGNA employee on the Board. The separation of the roles of Chairman and CEO allows for effective, independent Board oversight and communication, while enabling the CEO to focus on executing the strategic plan and managing operations. The Board also conducts an annual performance evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the Board and its committees, as well as the broader Board leadership structure. Active, Engaged Board: Our directors spend significant time engaged in strategy discussions in order to identify potential opportunities to create value for our shareholders. The Board also oversees risk management through regular discussions with senior leadership, considering risks in the context of our strategic plan and operations. Directors play a key role in TEGNA’s extensive shareholder engagement program, which actively seeks feedback from investors to gain a better perspective on our management and performance in key areas. Experience Aligned with Long-Term Strategy: Since 2017, TEGNA has undergone a Board refreshment process to ensure Directors’ expertise align with TEGNA’s strategic evolution. During this period, we added four independent Directors with deep expertise in media, technology, social/digital, and capital markets and transactional experience. Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion: Our Board and management are committed to ensuring our company reflects the diversity of the communities we serve. To strengthen accountability on diversity into the governance of our company, in 2020 TEGNA’s Board adopted specific areas of oversight for each Board committee regarding how we approach diversity: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ The Leadership Development & Compensation Committee is responsible for monitoring and supporting our performance in diversity, inclusion and equal employment opportunity, and the continuation of our efforts to gain and maintain diversity among our employees and management. The Nominating & Governance Committee is responsible for overseeing the racial, ethnic and gender diversity of the Board. The Public Policy and Regulatory Committee reviews with management our approach to, and initiatives and support for, promoting racial and ethnic diversity in our news and other content, through inclusive journalism and racial and ethnic diversity in our editorial decision- making and leadership. The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring our finance and asset management-related diversity and inclusion efforts, including our investment and purchasing involving minority-owned businesses. In addition to the corporate governance practices discussed above, other important corporate governance practices we follow include: • All of our directors are elected annually; • Our directors and senior executives are subject to stock ownership guidelines; • We do not have a shareholder rights plan (poison pill) in place; • Our Board has adopted a proxy access by-law provision; and • Mergers and other business combinations involving the Company generally may be approved by a simple majority vote. Additional information regarding our corporate governance practices is included in our Principles of Corporate Governance posted on the Corporate Governance page under the “Investors” menu of our website at www.tegna.com. 15 MARKETS WE SERVE TELEVISION STATIONS AND AFFILIATED DIGITAL PLATFORM State/District of Columbia City Station/web site Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Florida Huntsville Flagstaff Mesa Tucson Fort Smith Little Rock Sacramento San Diego Denver Hartford Waterbury Washington Jacksonville Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Louisiana Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Tampa-St. Petersburg Atlanta Macon Boise Moline Indianapolis Ames Ames Louisville New Orleans Bangor Portland Grand Rapids Minneapolis-St. Paul St. Louis Buffalo Charlotte Greensboro Cleveland Columbus Toledo Portland Scranton York Columbia Knoxville Memphis Abilene Austin Beaumont Corpus Christi Dallas Houston Odessa San Angelo San Antonio Tyler-Longview WZDX(TV): rocketcitynow.com KNAZ-TV: 12news.com KPNX(TV): 12news.com KMSB(TV): tucsonnewsnow.com KTTU(TV): tucsonnewsnow.com KFSM-TV: 5newsonline.com KTHV(TV): thv11.com KXTV(TV): abc10.com KFMB-TV: cbs8.com KTVD(TV): my20denver.com KUSA(TV): 9news.com WTIC-TV: fox61.com WCCT-TV: yourcwtv.com/partners/hartford WUSA(TV): wusa9.com WJXX(TV): firstcoastnews.com WTLV(TV): firstcoastnews.com WTSP(TV): wtsp.com WATL(TV): 11alive.com WXIA-TV: 11alive.com WMAZ-TV: 13wmaz.com (3) KTVB(TV) : ktvb.com WQAD-TV: wqad.com WTHR(TV) : wthr.com (4) WOI-DT: weareiowa.com KCWI-TV: weareiowa.com (5) WHAS-TV: whas11.com WWL-TV: wwltv.com WUPL(TV) WLBZ(TV): newscentermaine.com WCSH(TV): newscentermaine.com WZZM(TV): wzzm13.com : wwltv.com/mytv KARE(TV): kare11.com KSDK(TV): ksdk.com WGRZ(TV): wgrz.com WCNC-TV: wcnc.com WFMY-TV: wfmynews2.com WKYC-TV: wkyc.com (6) WBNS-TV : 10tv.com WTOL(TV): wtol.com (7) KGW(TV) : kgw.com WNEP-TV: wnep.com WPMT(TV): fox43.com WLTX(TV): wltx.com WBIR-TV: wbir.com WATN-TV: localmemphis.com WLMT(TV): localmemphis.com 12newsnow.com (8): KXVA(TV): myfoxzone.com KVUE(TV): kvue.com KBMT(TV) KIII-TV: kiiitv.com WFAA(TV): wfaa.com KMPX(TV): wfaa.com KHOU(TV): khou.com KTBU(TV): khou.com KWES-TV: newswest9.com KIDY(TV): myfoxzone.com KENS(TV): kens5.com KYTX(TV): cbs19.tv 16 Channel (1) /Network Affiliation Agreement Expires in Market TV Households (2) Founded Ch. 54/FOX Ch. 2/NBC Ch. 12/NBC Ch. 11/FOX Ch. 18/MNTV Ch. 5/CBS Ch. 11/CBS Ch. 10/ABC Ch. 8/CBS Ch. 20/MNTV Ch. 9/NBC Ch. 61/FOX Ch. 20/CW Ch. 9/CBS Ch. 25/ABC Ch. 12/NBC Ch. 10/CBS Ch. 36/MNTV Ch. 11/NBC Ch. 13/CBS Ch. 7/NBC Ch. 8/ABC Ch. 13/NBC Ch. 5/ABC Ch. 23/CW Ch. 11/ABC Ch. 4/CBS Ch. 54/MNTV Ch. 2/NBC Ch. 6/NBC Ch. 13/ABC Ch. 11/NBC Ch. 5/NBC Ch. 2/NBC Ch. 36/NBC Ch. 2/CBS Ch. 3/NBC Ch. 10/CBS Ch. 11/CBS Ch. 8/NBC Ch. 16/ABC Ch. 43/FOX Ch. 19/CBS Ch. 10/NBC Ch. 24/ABC Ch. 30/CW Ch. 15/FOX Ch. 24/ABC Ch. 12/ABC Ch. 3/ABC Ch. 8/ABC Ch. 29 / Estrella Ch. 11/CBS Ch. 55/Quest Ch. 9/NBC Ch. 6/FOX Ch. 5/CBS Ch. 19/CBS 2025 2024 2024 2025 2024 2028 2028 2023 2028 2024 2024 2025 2026 2028 2023 2024 2028 2024 2024 2028 2024 2023 2024 2023 2026 2023 2028 2024 2024 2024 2023 2024 2024 2024 2024 2028 2024 2028 2028 2024 2023 2025 2028 2024 2023 2026 2025 2023 2023 2023 2023 2025 2028 N/A 2024 2025 2028 2028 412,370 2,138,870 2,138,870 490,560 490,560 338,310 577,130 1,502,080 1,107,010 1,792,540 1,792,540 1,014,160 1,014,160 2,617,350 790,580 790,580 2,068,720 2,679,850 2,679,850 250,620 330,040 302,600 1,207,280 472,310 472,310 721,070 687,110 687,110 142,180 429,130 781,030 1,839,480 1,255,160 632,110 1,323,400 739,970 1,552,420 1,023,600 424,380 1,293,400 590,390 772,320 435,570 559,650 644,360 644,360 115,860 978,520 168,960 208,490 3,041,540 3,041,540 2,666,330 2,666,330 160,200 57,690 1,059,540 282,090 1985 1970 1953 1967 1984 1956 1955 1955 1949 1988 1952 1984 1953 1949 1989 1957 1965 1954 1948 1953 1953 1963 1957 1950 1999 1950 1957 1955 1954 1953 1962 1953 1947 1954 1967 1949 1948 1949 1958 1956 1954 1952 1953 1956 1978 1983 2001 1971 1961 1964 1949 1993 1953 2004 1958 1984 1950 2008 TELEVISION STATIONS AND AFFILIATED DIGITAL PLATFORM (Continued) State/District of Columbia City Station/web site Virginia Washington Temple Hampton/Norfolk Seattle/Tacoma Spokane (9) KCEN-TV WVEC(TV): 13newsnow.com : kcentv.com KING-TV: king5.com KONG(TV): king5.com KREM(TV): krem.com KSKN(TV): spokanescw22.com Ch. 5/NBC Ch. 16/IND Ch. 2/CBS Ch. 22/CW /Network (1) Channel Ch. 9/NBC Ch. 13/ABC Affiliation Agreement Expires in 2024 2023 2024 N/A 2028 2026 Market TV Households (2) 407,620 772,190 2,116,440 2,116,440 481,910 481,910 Founded 1953 1953 1948 1997 1954 1983 (1) Channel refers to the viewer-facing “virtual” channel associated with the station’s brand, which may differ from the radio frequency channel on which the station transmits. (2) Market TV households is number of television households in each market, according to 2022-2023 Nielsen figures. (3) We also own KTFT-LD (NBC), a low power television station in Twin Falls, ID. (4) We also own WALV-CD, a Class A television station in Indianapolis, IN. (5) We also own WBXN-CD, a Class A television station in New Orleans, LA. (6) We also own two radio stations, WBNS(AM) (1460), and WBNS-FM (97.1). (7) We also own KGWZ-LD, a low power television station in Portland, OR. (8) KBMT also operates a subchannel (KJAC/NBC), which is not counted. We also own KUIL-LD, a low power station in Beaumont, TX. (9) We also own KAGS-LP, a low power television station in Bryan, TX. In addition to the above television station properties, we also have the following digital and multicast network operations which support our television stations: Locked On Podcast Network: www.lockedonpodcasts.com Premion: www.premion.com TEGNA Marketing Solutions: www.tegna.com/advertise True Crime Network, Quest, and Twist multicast networks: www.truecrimenetworktv.com, www.questtv.com, and www.watchtwist.com Verify: www.verifythis.com INVESTMENTS We have non-controlling ownership interests in the following companies: Baller TV: www.ballertv.com Boom Shakalaka: www.booment.com Bustle Digital Group: www.bustle.com Canela Media: www.canelamedia.com CareerBuilder: www.careerbuilder.com Hudson MX: www.hudsonmx.com Jackpocket Inc: www.jackpocket.com Kin Community: www.kincommunity.com MadHive: www.madhive.com Pearl: www.pearltv.com SIGNIA Venture Partners: www.signiaventurepartners.com ViewLift: www.viewlift.com Vizbee: www.vizbee.tv Whistle Sports: www.teamwhistle.com TEGNA ON THE NET: News and information about us is available on our web site, www.TEGNA.com. In addition to news and other information about us, we provide access through this site to our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them electronically to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certifications by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are included as exhibits to our SEC reports (including to this Form 10-K). We also provide access on this web site to our Principles of Corporate Governance, the charters of our Audit, Leadership Development and Compensation, Nominating and Governance, and Public Policy and Regulation Committees and other important governance documents and policies, including our Ethics and Inside Trading Policies. Copies of all of these corporate governance documents are available to any shareholder upon written request made to our Secretary at the headquarters address. We will disclose on our web site changes to, or waivers of, our corporate ethics policy. Certain factors affecting forward-looking statements Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that do not describe historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are based on a number of assumptions about future events and are subject to various risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the views, beliefs, projections and estimates expressed in such statements. These risks, uncertainties and 17 other factors include, but are not limited to, those described within Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report, and the following: (1) the timing, receipt and terms and conditions of any required governmental or regulatory approvals of the proposed transaction and the related transactions involving the parties that could reduce the anticipated benefits of or cause the parties to abandon the proposed transaction, (2) risks related to the satisfaction of the conditions to closing the proposed transaction (including the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals), and the related transactions involving the parties, in the anticipated timeframe or at all, (3) the risk that any announcements relating to the proposed transaction could have adverse effects on the market price of the Company’s common stock, (4) disruption from the proposed transaction making it more difficult to maintain business and operational relationships, including retaining and hiring key personnel and maintaining relationships with the Company’s customers, vendors and others with whom it does business, (5) the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement entered into pursuant to the proposed transaction or of the transactions involving the parties, (6) risks related to disruption of management’s attention from the Company’s ongoing business operations due to the proposed transaction, (7) significant transaction costs, (8) the risk of litigation and/or regulatory actions related to the proposed transaction or unfavorable results from currently pending litigation and proceedings or litigation and proceedings that could arise in the future, (9) other business effects, including the effects of industry, market, economic, political or regulatory conditions, and (10) information technology system failures, data security breaches, data privacy compliance, network disruptions, and cybersecurity, malware or ransomware attacks. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company. Each such statement speaks only as of the day it was made. We undertake no obligation to update or to revise any forward-looking statements. The factors described above cannot be controlled by our Company. When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the words “believes,” “estimates,” “plans,” “expects,” “should,” “could,” “outlook,” and “anticipates” and similar expressions as they relate to our Company or management are intended to identify forward looking statements. Forward- looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may include, without limitation: statements about the potential benefits of the proposed acquisition, anticipated growth rates, the Company’s plans, objectives, expectations, and the anticipated timing of closing the proposed transaction. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS An investment in our common stock involves risks and uncertainties and investors should consider carefully the following risk factors before investing in our securities. We seek to identify, manage and mitigate risks to our business, but risk and uncertainty cannot be eliminated or necessarily predicted. The risks described below may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks that we do not yet perceive or that we currently believe are immaterial may adversely affect our business and the trading price of our securities. Risks Related to the Merger The Merger is subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, including conditions that may not be satisfied or completed on a timely basis, if at all. The consummation of the Merger is subject to a number of important closing conditions that make the closing and timing of the Merger uncertain. The conditions include, among others, (i) the approval of the Merger Agreement by the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote thereon (which was received on May 17, 2022); (ii) the absence of any injunction or order by a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States or law in the United States having been adopted prohibiting the consummation of the Merger; (iii) the expiration or termination of all waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, applicable to the Merger and the transactions contemplated by that certain Contribution and Exchange Agreement entered into concurrently with the Merger Agreement by the Parent Restructuring Entities (the Contribution Agreement) (all such waiting periods have expired); (iv) the grant by the FCC of applications required to be filed with the FCC to obtain the approvals of the FCC pursuant to the Communications Act and FCC rules necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement and the Contribution Agreement (the transactions contemplated by the Contribution Agreement, the Restructuring), including a petition for declaratory ruling under Section 310(b) of the Communications Act and the FCC’s rules governing foreign ownership with respect to the Merger and the Restructuring; (v) the accuracy of the representations and warranties contained in the Merger Agreement (subject to certain materiality qualifiers); (vi) the performance and compliance in all material respects by the parties of their respective covenants required by the Merger Agreement to be performed or complied with by such party prior to the effective time of the Merger (the Effective Time); and (vii) the absence of any “Company Material Adverse Effect” (as defined in the Merger Agreement) since September 30, 2021. We can provide no assurance that all required consents and approvals will be obtained or that all closing conditions will otherwise be satisfied (or waived, if applicable), and, if all required consents and approvals are obtained and all closing conditions are satisfied (or waived, if applicable), we can provide no assurance as to the terms, conditions and timing of such consents and approvals or the timing of the completion of the Merger. Many of the conditions to completion of the Merger are not within either our or the Parent Restructuring Entities’ control, and neither us nor the Parent Restructuring Entities can predict when or if these conditions will be satisfied (or waived, if applicable). Any delay in completing the Merger could cause us not to realize some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve if the Merger is successfully completed within its expected timeframe. 18 Failure to complete the Merger in a timely manner, or at all, could negatively impact our future business and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If the Merger is not completed for any reason, including as a result of the failure to obtain the required regulatory approvals, our shareholders will not receive any payment for their shares in connection with the Merger. Instead, TEGNA will remain an independent public company, and its shares will continue to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Moreover, our ongoing business may be materially adversely affected and we would be subject to a number of risks, including the following: • • • • we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on our stock price, and it is uncertain when, if ever, the price of the shares would return to the prices at which the shares currently trade; we may experience negative publicity, which could have an adverse effect on our ongoing operations including, but not limited to, retaining and attracting employees, distribution partners, content partners, business clients, customers, providers, advertisers and others with whom we do business; we will still be required to pay certain significant costs relating to the Merger, such as legal, accounting, financial advisor, printing and other professional services fees, which may relate to activities that we would not have undertaken other than in connection with the Merger; the Merger Agreement places certain restrictions on the conduct of our business, which may have delayed or prevented us from undertaking business opportunities that, absent the Merger Agreement, we may have pursued; • matters relating to the Merger require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management, which could result in the distraction of management from ongoing business operations and pursuing other opportunities that could have been beneficial to us; and • litigation related to the Merger or related to any enforcement proceeding commenced against us to perform our obligations under the Merger Agreement. If the Merger is not consummated, the risks described above may materialize and they may have a material adverse effect on our business operations, financial results and stock price, especially to the extent that the current market price of our common stock reflects an assumption that the Merger will be completed. We are subject to certain restrictions in the Merger Agreement that may hinder operations pending the consummation of the Merger. The Merger Agreement generally requires us to operate our business in the ordinary course pending consummation of the Merger and restricts us, without Community News Media LLC’s consent, from taking certain specified actions until the Merger is completed, subject to certain exceptions. These restrictions may affect our ability to execute our business strategies and attain our financial and other goals and may impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These restrictions could be in place for an extended period of time if the consummation of the Merger is delayed, which may delay or prevent us from undertaking business opportunities that, absent the Merger Agreement, we might have pursued, or from effectively responding to competitive pressures or industry developments. Whether or not the Merger is completed, the pending Merger may disrupt our current plans and operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results. For these and other reasons, the pendency of the Merger could adversely affect our business and financial results. We will be subject to various uncertainties while the Merger is pending that may cause disruption and may make it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, clients, customers, and others with whom we do business. In connection with the proposed Merger, our current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their future roles with the combined company following the Merger, which may materially adversely affect our ability to attract and retain key personnel while the Merger is pending. Key employees may depart because of issues relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of integration or a desire not to remain with the combined company following the Merger. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be able to attract and retain key employees to the same extent that we have been able to in the past. If we do not succeed in attracting, hiring, and integrating excellent personnel, or retaining and motivating existing personnel, we may be unable to grow and operate our business effectively. The proposed Merger further could cause disruptions to our business or business relationships, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Parties with which we have business relationships may experience uncertainty as to the future of such relationships and may delay or defer certain business decisions, seek alternative relationships with third parties or seek to alter their present business relationships with us. Parties with whom we otherwise may have sought to establish business relationships may seek alternative relationships with third parties. The pursuit of the Merger and the preparation for the 19 integration may also place a significant burden on management and internal resources. The diversion of management’s attention away from day-to-day business concerns could adversely affect our financial results. Risks Related to Our Business and Industry We are impacted by demand for advertising, which, in turn, depends on a number of factors, some of which are cyclical and many of which are beyond our control In 2022, 42% of our revenues were derived from non-political television spot and digital advertising. Demand for advertising is highly correlated with the strength of the U.S. economy, both in the markets our stations serve and in the nation as a whole. Consequently, our operating results depend on the relative strength of the economy in our principal television markets as well as the strength or weakness of regional and national economic factors. During 2022, macroeconomic conditions, including rising interest rates, recent spikes in inflation rates, along with geopolitical concerns, created economic and political uncertainty as well as volatility in U.S. and other markets. This uncertainty and volatility caused advertisers to pull back on spending affecting our AMS revenue results. This may very well continue into 2023. In addition, if macroeconomic conditions in the U.S. were to deteriorate there could be a significant adverse impact on our television spot and digital advertising revenues. Our advertising revenues can also be affected by a variety of other factors outside our control, including, among other things, the viewership of the programming offered by our television stations, local and national advertising price fluctuations, the duration and extent of any network preemption of regularly scheduled programming for any reason, and labor disputes or other disruptions at programming providers, networks or professional sports leagues. Our advertising revenues also vary substantially from year to year, driven by the political election cycle (i.e., even years, with presidential election cycles every four years driving outsized revenues); the ability and willingness of candidates and political action committees to raise and spend funds on television and digital advertising; and the competitiveness of the election races in our stations’ markets. Competition from alternative forms of media may impair our ability to grow or maintain revenue levels in traditional and new businesses Advertising and marketing services produce a significant portion of our revenues, with our stations’ affiliated desktop, mobile and tablet advertising revenues, as well as our OTT product offerings being important components. Technology, particularly new video formats, streaming and downloading capabilities via the Internet, video-on-demand, personal video recorders and other devices and technologies used in the entertainment industry continues to evolve rapidly, leading to alternative methods for the delivery and storage of digital content. These technological advancements have driven changes in consumer behavior and have empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume news and entertainment, including through so-called “cutting the cord” and other consumption strategies. These innovations may affect our ability to generate television audience, which may make our television stations less attractive to advertisers. For example, increasing demand for content generated for consumption through other forms of media such as Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, HBO Max, Hulu, Netflix, Paramount+ or Peacock could cause our advertising revenues to decline as a result of changes to the ratings of our programming, which may materially negatively affect our business and results of operations. The value of our assets or operations may be diminished if our information technology systems fail to perform adequately Our information technology systems are critically important to operating our business efficiently and effectively. We rely on our information technology systems, including systems hosted and operated by third-party vendors on our behalf, to manage our business data, communications, news and advertising content, digital products, order entry, fulfillment and other business processes. The failure of our information technology systems to perform as we anticipate could disrupt our business and could result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, broadcasting disruptions, and loss of sales and customers, causing our business and results to be impacted. Our efforts to minimize the likelihood and impact of adverse cybersecurity incidents and to protect our technology and confidential information may not be successful and our business could be negatively affected In addition to the operational risks described above, our informational technology systems are also exposed to increasing risks related to cybersecurity- related incidents. Cybersecurity attacks by third parties with malicious intent, including but not limited to, attacks on our or our vendors’ information technology infrastructure and unauthorized attempts to gain access to our confidential information, pose risks to our company. Further, advances in technology and the increasing sophistication of attackers have led to more frequent and effective cyberattacks, including advanced persistent threats by state-sponsored actors, cyberattacks relying on complex social engineering or “phishing” tactics, ransomware attacks, and other methods. We take measures to minimize the risk of a cyber-attack including utilization of multi-factor authentication, deployment of firewalls, virtual private networks for mobile connections, elevated access controls, standardized vendor access, active patching monitoring / logging, and regular training of our employees related to protecting sensitive information and recognizing “phishing” attacks. The 20 measures we employ may not be sufficient in preventing or timely detecting breaches or cyber-attacks due to the evolving nature and ever-increasing abilities of cyber-attackers. Depending on the severity of the breach or cyber-attack, such events could result in business interruptions, disclosure of nonpublic information, loss of sales and customers, misstated financial data, liabilities for stolen assets or information, diversion of our management’s attention, transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, increased cybersecurity protection costs, litigation, and financial consequences, any or all of which could adversely affect our business operations and reputation. In addition, cybersecurity breaches could subject us to civil liability to customers and other third parties as well as fines and penalties imposed by governmental or regulatory authorities, which could be substantial. We maintain cyber risk insurance, but this insurance may be insufficient to cover all of our losses from breaches of our systems. In addition, our business operations may be disrupted, and our results of operations may be impaired, by the impact of breaches or cyber-attacks on our vendors, and these potential disruptions and impairments may not be covered by our insurance policies. As has historically been the case in the broadcast sector, loss of, or changes in, affiliation agreements or retransmission consent agreements could adversely affect operating results for our stations Most of our stations are covered by our network affiliation agreements with the major broadcast television networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox). Under these agreements, the television networks produce and distribute programming to us in exchange for our stations’ commitments to air the programming at specified times and to pay the networks monetary compensation and other consideration, such as commercial announcement time during the programming. The cost of network affiliation agreements represents a significant portion of our television operating expenses. Each of our network affiliation agreements has a stated expiration date. With respect to the major broadcast networks, our principal expirations occur in the following years: NBC-early 2024, CBS-2028, ABC-2023 and Fox-2025. If renewed, our network affiliation agreements may be renewed on terms that are less favorable to us. The non-renewal or termination of any of our network affiliation agreements would prevent us from being able to carry programming of the affiliate network. This loss of programming would require us to obtain replacement programming, which may involve higher costs and/or which may not be as attractive to our audiences, resulting in reduced revenues. In recent years, the networks have begun streaming their programming directly to consumers on the Internet and other distribution platforms (e.g., CBS on Paramount+ and NBC on Peacock), in some cases live or within a short period of the original network programming broadcast on local television stations, including those we own. An increase in the availability of network programming on alternative platforms that either bypass or provide less favorable terms to local stations - such as cable channels, the Internet and other distribution vehicles - may dilute the exclusivity and the value of network programming originally broadcast by our stations and could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our stations. Our retransmission consent agreements with major cable, satellite and telecommunications service providers (also referred to as multichannel video programming distributors or MVPDs) permit them to retransmit our stations’ signals to their subscribers in exchange for the payment of compensation to us (which we classify as subscription revenues). This source of revenue represented approximately 47% of our 2022 total revenues. We recently renewed distribution agreements with multiple major MVPDs. On occasion, we may not be able to agree on mutually acceptable terms when negotiating such renewals. When this happens, the MVPD will be required to cease airing our programming (commonly referred to as a “blackout” or “going dark”), and we will not be compensated by the MVPD during the period of the blackout. Future blackouts, should they occur, or if we are unable to renew our retransmission agreements on market terms, or at all, could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Merger could affect our relationships with broadcast television networks and MVPDs. Please see the Risk Factor titled “We will be subject to various uncertainties while the Merger is pending that may cause disruption and may make it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, clients, customers, and others with whom we do business.” We operate our business in a single broadcast segment, which increases our exposure to the changes and highly competitive environment of the broadcast industry Broadcast companies operate in a highly competitive environment and compete for audiences, advertising and marketing services revenue and quality programming. Lower audience share, declines in advertising and marketing services spending, and increased programming costs would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against existing, new or potential competitors, or that competition and consolidation in the media marketplace will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, the FCC and Congress may enact new laws and regulations, and/or changes to existing laws and regulations, that could impact media ownership and other broadcast-related activities. Changes to FCC rules may lead to additional opportunities as well as increased uncertainty in the industry. Changing regulations may also impair or reduce our leverage in negotiating affiliation or retransmission agreements, adversely affecting our revenues, or result in increased costs, reduced valuations for certain broadcasting properties or other impacts, all of which may adversely impact our future profitability. All of our stations are required to hold broadcasting licenses from the FCC; when granted, these licenses are generally granted for a period of eight years. Under certain circumstances, the 21 FCC is not required to renew any license and could decline to renew future license applications. Changes in the regulatory environment could increase our costs or limit our opportunities for growth Our stations are subject to various obligations and restrictions under the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the Communications Act), and FCC regulations. These requirements may be affected by legislation, FCC actions, or court decisions, and any such changes may affect the performance of our business, such as by imposing new obligations or by limiting our television stations’ exclusivity or retransmission consent rights. Broadcast station acquisitions also are subject to FCC review and approval. If FCC rules and policies, including broadcast ownership rules become more restrictive, our opportunities to grow our broadcast business through acquisitions or other strategic transactions could be impaired. In addition, prospective acquisition activities may be subject to antitrust review by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ). DOJ’s review could result in restrictions on our ability to pursue or consummate future transactions, and/or a requirement that we divest certain television stations if an acquisition would result in excessive concentration in a market. Review and enforcement policies of the DOJ may be subject to change, including as a result of changes in administration or in DOJ leadership. As a result, we cannot assure investors that any future transaction that we enter into will be approved, or that a requirement to divest existing stations will not have an adverse effect on the transaction or on our business. Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock There could be significant liability if the spin-off of Cars.com was determined to be a taxable transaction In May 2017 we completed our spin-off of Cars.com, which we refer to as the “spin-off”. In connection with the spin-off, we received an opinion from outside tax counsel to the effect that the requirements for tax-free treatment under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code were satisfied. The opinion relies on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from TEGNA and the spun-off business regarding the past and future conduct of the company’s business and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings is incorrect or not satisfied, TEGNA and its stockholders may not be able to rely on the opinion of tax counsel and could be subject to significant tax liabilities. Notwithstanding the opinion of tax counsel, the Internal Revenue Service could determine on audit that the spin-off is taxable if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings were incorrect or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion, or for other reasons, including as a result of certain significant changes in the share ownership of TEGNA or the spun-off business after the separation. If the spin- off was determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, TEGNA and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. Our 2017 tax year is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the relevant federal statute of limitations remains open until November 30, 2023. Volatility in the U.S. credit markets could significantly impact our ability to obtain new financing to fund our operations or to refinance our existing debt at reasonable rates and terms as it matures As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $3.09 billion in debt and approximately $1.49 billion of undrawn additional borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility that expires in 2024. Our fixed rate term debt matures at various times during the years 2026-2029. If our operating results deteriorate significantly, we may not be able to pay amounts when due and a portion of these maturities may need to be refinanced. Access to the capital markets for longer-term financing is generally unpredictable and volatile credit markets could make it harder for us to obtain debt financings. In addition, the Merger Agreement prohibits us from incurring, assuming, or guaranteeing any debt, subject to certain exceptions. The value of our existing intangible assets may become impaired, depending upon future operating results Goodwill and other intangible assets were approximately $5.36 billion as of December 31, 2022, representing approximately 73% of our total assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing and more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in circumstances that indicate all or a portion of their carrying values may no longer be recoverable in which case a non-cash charge to earnings may be necessary. We may subsequently experience market pressures that could cause future cash flows to decline below our current expectations, or volatile equity markets could negatively impact market factors used in the impairment analysis, including earnings multiples, discount rates, and long-term growth rates. Any future evaluations requiring an asset impairment charge for goodwill or other intangible assets would adversely affect future reported results of operations and shareholders’ equity, although such charges would not affect our cash flow. 22 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The types of properties required to support our television stations include offices, studios, sales offices, tower and transmitter sites. A listing of television station locations can be found on page 16. Our digital and multicast businesses that support our broadcast operations lease their facilities. This includes facilities for executive offices, sales offices and data centers. A listing of our digital businesses locations can be found on page 17. We lease our corporate headquarters facility, which is located in Tysons, VA. We believe that none of our individual properties represents a material amount of the total properties owned or leased. We believe all of our owned and leased facilities are in satisfactory condition, are well maintained, and are adequate for current use. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Information regarding legal proceedings may be found in Note 11 of the Notes to consolidated financial statements. ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Not applicable. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our approximately 223.6 million outstanding shares of common stock were held by 5,720 shareholders of record as of February 17, 2023. Our shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) with the symbol TGNA. Purchases of Equity Securities In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. From 2020 through 2022, no shares were repurchased. As a result of the announcement of the Merger Agreement on February 22, 2022, we have suspended share repurchases under this program. Dividend Policy Since 2017, we have been paying a regular quarterly cash dividend. We paid dividends totaling $84.8 million in 2022 and $78.5 million in 2021. We expect to continue to pay our regular quarterly dividend of $0.095 per share through the closing of the Merger, which is the maximum rate and frequency permitted by the Merger Agreement. 23 Comparison of shareholder return – 2018 to 2022 The following graph compares the performance of our common stock during the period December 31, 2017, to December 31, 2022, with the S&P 500 Index, and a peer group index we selected. Our peer group includes E.W. Scripps Company, Gray Television Inc., Nexstar Media Group, Inc., and Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc (collectively, the peer group). The peer group includes the largest publicly traded pure-play and diversified television broadcasting companies with meaningful television station assets and broadcast exposure. No such company of relevant scale is excluded from the peer group, except for the television networks, which are part of much larger entities in which television stations are a relatively small part of the aggregate enterprise. The S&P 500 Index includes 500 U.S. companies in the industrial, utilities and financial sectors and is weighted by market capitalization. The total returns of each peer group index also are weighted by market capitalization. The graph depicts representative results of investing $100 in our common stock, the S&P 500 Index, and the peer group index as of closing on December 31, 2017. It assumes that dividends were reinvested monthly with respect to our common stock, daily with respect to the S&P 500 Index and monthly with respect to the peer group company. Company Name / Index TEGNA Inc. S&P 500 Index Peer Group ITEM 6. [RESERVED] 2017 100 100 100 2018 $79.03 $95.62 $88.58 2019 $123.59 $125.72 $121.26 INDEXED RETURNS Years Ending 2020 $105.49 $148.85 $114.85 2021 $143.02 $191.58 $139.81 2022 $166.22 $156.88 $128.18 24 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Introduction We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Across platforms, we tell empowering stories, conduct impactful investigations and deliver innovative marketing services. With 64 television stations and two radio stations in 51 U.S. markets, we are the largest owner of top four network affiliates in the top 25 markets among independent station groups, reaching approximately 39% of U.S. television households. We also own leading multicast networks True Crime Network, Twist and Quest. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. We have been consistently honored with the industry’s top awards, including Edward R. Murrow, George Polk, Alfred I. DuPont and Emmy Awards. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital and over-the-top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network. We have one operating and reportable segment. The primary sources of our revenues are: 1) subscription revenues, reflecting fees paid by satellite, cable, OTT and telecommunications providers to carry our television signals on their systems; 2) advertising & marketing services (AMS) revenues, which include local and national non-political television advertising, digital marketing services (including Premion), and advertising on stations’ websites, tablet and mobile products and OTT apps; 3) political advertising revenues, which are driven by even-year election cycles at the local and national level (e.g., 2022, 2020. etc.) and particularly in the second half of those years; and 4) other services, such as production of programming, tower rentals and distribution of our local news content. On February 22, 2022, we entered into the Merger Agreement with Parent, Merger Sub, and solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, other subsidiaries of Parent, certain affiliates of Standard General and CMG and certain of its subsidiaries. See Part I, Item 1, “Business” and Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. Seasonality: Our revenues and operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations. Generally, our second and fourth quarter operating results are stronger than those of the first and third quarter. This is driven by the second quarter reflecting increased spring seasonal advertising, while the fourth quarter typically includes increased advertising related to the holiday season. In addition, our revenue and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations across yearly periods resulting from political advertising. In even numbered years, political spending is usually significantly higher than in odd numbered years due to advertising for the local and national elections. Additionally, every four years, we typically experience even greater increases in political advertising in connection with the presidential election. The strong demand for advertising from political advertisers in these even years can result in the significant use of our available inventory (leading to a “crowd out” effect), which can diminish our AMS revenue in the even year of a two year election cycle, particularly in the fourth quarter of those years. 25 Consolidated Results from Operations The following discussion is a comparison of our consolidated results on a GAAP basis. The year-to-year comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results. In addition, see the section on page 30 titled ‘Operating results non-GAAP information’ for additional tables presenting information which supplements our financial information provided on a GAAP basis. As discussed above, our operating results are subject to significant fluctuations across yearly periods (driven by even-year election cycles). As such, in addition to one year ago comparisons, our management team and Board of Directors also review current period operating results compared to the same period two years ago (e.g., 2022 vs. 2020). We believe this comparison will also provide useful information to investors, and therefore, we have supplemented our prior year comparison of consolidated results to also include a comparison against 2020 results (through operating income). In recent years, our business has evolved toward generating more recurring and highly profitable revenue streams, driven by the increased contribution of political and subscription revenue streams as a percentage of our total revenue. Such revenues have been a majority of our overall revenue the past few years and we expect this to continue. For a comparative discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022. A consolidated summary of our results is presented below (in thousands, except per share amounts): Revenues: Operating expenses: Cost of revenues Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses Corporate - General and administrative expenses Depreciation Amortization of intangible assets Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net Total Operating income Non-operating income (expense): Equity (loss) income in unconsolidated investments, net Interest expense Other non-operating items, net Total Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net Income Earnings per share-basic Earnings per share-diluted *** Not meaningful 2022 2021 $ 3,279,245 $ 2,991,093 Change from 2021 10% 2020 $ 2,937,780 Change from 2020 12% 1,598,759 396,446 68,127 64,841 63,011 (2,307) 2,188,877 802,216 (9,713) (185,650) 6,825 (188,538) 613,678 135,481 478,197 2.15 2.14 6% 5% (12%) (6%) (5%) (86%) 5% 23% (54%) (6%) *** (17%) 36% 49% 32% 31% 31% $ $ $ 1,503,287 365,601 73,295 66,880 67,690 (9,955) 2,066,798 870,982 10,397 (210,294) (34,029) (233,926) 637,056 154,293 482,763 2.20 2.19 13% 13% (18%) (9%) (12%) (97%) 11% 14% *** (17%) *** (33%) 31% 31% 31% 28% 28% 1,693,221 414,530 60,108 61,195 59,882 (323) 2,288,613 990,632 (4,473) (174,022) 21,431 (157,064) 833,568 202,370 631,198 $ 2.82 $ 2.81 $ 26 $ $ $ Revenues Our Subscription revenue category includes revenue earned from cable and satellite providers for the right to carry our signals and from OTT streaming services for the distribution of TEGNA stations on their streaming platform. Our AMS category includes all sources of our traditional television advertising and digital revenues including Premion and other digital advertising and marketing revenues across our platforms. The following table summarizes the year-over-year changes in our revenue categories (in thousands): Subscription Advertising & Marketing Services Political Other Total revenues 2022 vs. 2021 2022 2021 1,530,402 $ 1,363,417 341,110 44,316 3,279,245 $ 1,466,433 1,428,082 60,573 36,005 2,991,093 $ $ Change from 2021 4% (5%) *** 23% 10% $ $ 2020 1,286,611 1,174,774 445,535 30,860 2,937,780 Change from 2020 19% 16% (23%) 44% 12% Total revenues increased $288.2 million in 2022. The net increase was primarily due to $280.5 million growth in political revenue due to contested primaries and the mid-term elections. Also contributing to the increase was $64.0 million growth in subscription revenue primarily due to annual rate increases under existing agreements, partially offset by declines in subscribers. Partially offsetting these increases was a $64.7 million decline in AMS revenue. The decline in revenue was partially due to the crowd out effect of political revenue as well as the cyclical difference from the Summer Olympics in 2021 compared to Winter Olympics in 2022. Additionally, macroeconomic headwinds negatively impacted AMS revenue. 2022 vs. 2020 Total revenues increased $341.5 million in 2022. The net increase was primarily due to $243.8 million growth in subscription revenue mainly due to annual rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated retransmission agreements, partially offset by declines in subscribers. Also contributing was $188.6 million growth in AMS revenue reflecting higher demand for advertising despite current macroeconomic headwinds in 2022 (as fiscal year 2020 was adversely impacted by reduced demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic). These increases were partially offset by a $104.4 million decrease in political revenue primarily due to 2020 being a presidential election year as well as having two Georgia Senate runoffs. Cost of revenues 2022 vs. 2021 Cost of revenues increased $94.5 million in 2022. This increase was partially due to a $49.8 million growth in programming costs driven by rate increases under newly negotiated and existing affiliation agreements. Higher digital expenses of $37.8 million driven by growth in Premion also contributed to the increase. 2022 vs. 2020 Cost of revenues increased $189.9 million in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a $122.6 million growth in programming costs driven by rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated affiliation agreements and growth in subscription revenue (certain programming costs are linked to such revenues). Higher digital expenses of $45.4 million driven by growth in Premion also contributed to the increase. Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses 2022 vs. 2021 Business unit selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased $18.1 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to a $14.6 million increase in selling costs, primarily sales compensation, driven by growth in advertising revenue. Also contributing to the increase was a $3.8 million absence in 2022 of a reduction in bad debt expense primarily attributed to improved collection trends which occurred in 2021. These increases were partially offset by an $8.6 million decline in professional fees. 27 2022 vs. 2020 Business unit SG&A expenses increased $48.9 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to a $37.7 million increase in selling costs, primarily sales compensation, driven by growth in advertising revenue. Corporate - General and administrative expenses Our corporate costs are separated from our direct business expenses and are recorded as general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income. This category primarily consists of corporate management and support functions including Legal, Human Resources, and Finance, as well as activities and costs not directly attributable to the operations of our media business (e.g., advisory fees related to M&A). 2022 vs. 2021 Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $8.0 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by the absence in 2022 of $16.6 million of advisory fees incurred in 2021 related to activism defense, a $4.9 million decline in professional fees, $0.6 million decline in stock based compensation expense, partially offset by a $16.8 million increase in M&A-related costs. 2022 vs. 2020 Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $13.2 million in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by the absence in 2022 of $23.1 million of advisory fees incurred in 2020 related to activism defense partially offset by $15.9 million increase in M&A related costs. Depreciation expense 2022 vs. 2021 Depreciation expense decreased $3.6 million in 2022 due to the expense impact of certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives being more significant than the impact of new assets being placed into service. 2022 vs. 2020 Depreciation expense decreased $5.7 million in 2022 due to the expense impact of certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives being more significant than the impact of new assets being placed into service. Amortization of intangible assets 2022 vs. 2021 Intangible asset amortization expense decreased $3.1 million in 2022. The decrease is due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives and therefore becoming fully amortized. 2022 vs. 2020 Intangible asset amortization expense decreased $7.8 million in 2022. The decrease is due to certain assets reaching the end of their assumed useful lives and therefore becoming fully amortized. Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net 2022 vs. 2021 We had other net gains of $0.3 million in 2022 compared to net gains of $2.3 million in 2021. The 2022 activity is related to reimbursements received from the FCC for required spectrum repacking. The 2021 activity includes $4.9 million of FCC repacking reimbursements, partially offset by a $1.5 million contract termination fee and a $1.1 million write off of certain assets. 2022 vs. 2020 We had other net gains of $0.3 million in 2022 compared to net gains of $10.0 million in 2020. The 2022 activity consists of the items discussed above. The 2020 net gains primarily consisted of $13.2 million of FCC repacking reimbursements, partially offset by a $2.1 million impairment charge due to the retirement of a brand name and a $1.1 million FCC license impairment charge. 28 Operating income 2022 vs. 2021 Our operating income increased $188.4 million in 2022. This increase was driven by the changes in revenue and expenses discussed above, but primarily due to an increase in high-margin political revenue. 2022 vs. 2020 Operating income increased $119.7 million in 2022. The increase was driven by the changes in revenue and expenses discussed above, most notably the increases in subscription and AMS revenues as well as programming expense. Programming and payroll expense trends Programming and payroll expenses are the two largest elements of our operating expenses, and are summarized below, expressed as a percentage of total operating expenses. Programming expenses as a percentage of total operating expenses have increased due to an increase in reverse compensation payments to our network affiliation partners. Payroll expenses have increased during 2022, but as a percentage of total operating expenses have decreased in 2022. Expense Category Programming expenses Payroll expenses Non-operating income and expense Percentage of total operating expenses 2021 41.2% 25.8% 2020 40.1% 26.7% 2022 41.6% 24.7% Equity income: This income statement category reflects earnings or losses from investments that we account for using the equity method of accounting. Equity loss decreased from $9.7 million in 2021 to a loss of $4.5 million in 2022. The 2022 and 2021 losses were primarily due to equity losses from our CareerBuilder investment. Interest expense: Interest expense decreased $11.6 million in 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily due to a lower average outstanding total debt balance, partially offset by higher interest rates. The total average outstanding debt was $3.11 billion in 2022 compared to $3.41 billion in 2021. The impact of the decrease in outstanding debt was partially offset by an increase in the weighted average interest rate on total outstanding debt, which was 5.26% in 2022 compared to 5.15% in 2021. A further discussion of our borrowing and related interest cost is presented in the “Liquidity and capital resources” section of this report beginning on page 33 and in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements. Other non-operating items, net: Other non-operating items increased $14.6 million from a net income of $6.8 million in 2021 to a net income of $21.4 million in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a $20.8 million gain recognized on our available-for-sale investment in MadHive (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements) and an increase of $6.9 million in interest income, primarily from interest earned on time deposit investments. These increases were partially offset by a $15.1 million increase in postretirement expense. Provision for income taxes We reported pre-tax income of $833.6 million for 2022. The effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 24.3%. The 2022 effective tax rate increased compared to 22.1% in 2021 primarily due to a valuation allowance recorded on a minority investment, nondeductible M&A-related transaction costs incurred, and the absence in 2022 of net deferred tax benefits as a result of state tax planning strategies implemented in 2021. Partially offsetting the increase were tax benefits from the utilization of capital loss carryforwards in connection with certain transactions and the release of the associated valuation allowance. Further information concerning income tax matters is contained in Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements. Net income Net income and related per share amounts are presented in the table below (in thousands, except per share amounts): Net income Per basic share Per diluted share 2022 631,198 2.82 2.81 $ $ $ Change 32% 31% 31% 2021 478,197 2.15 2.14 $ $ $ Our 2022 earnings per share were higher than 2021 due to the factors discussed above including, most notably, the increase in political revenue due to contested primaries and the mid-term elections and increase in subscription revenue, partially offset by declines in AMS revenue due to macroeconomic headwinds and the crowd out effect of political revenue. 29 Operating results non-GAAP information Presentation of non-GAAP information: We use non-GAAP financial performance measures to supplement the financial information presented on a GAAP basis. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the related GAAP measures, nor should they be considered superior to the related GAAP measures, and should be read together with financial information presented on a GAAP basis. Also, our non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Management and our Board of Directors use the non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of evaluating company performance. Furthermore, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors uses non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP EPS, and free cash flow to evaluate management’s performance. Therefore, we believe that each of the non-GAAP measures presented provides useful information to investors and other stakeholders by allowing them to view our business through the eyes of management and our Board of Directors, facilitating comparisons of results across historical periods and focus on the underlying ongoing operating performance of our business. We also believe these non-GAAP measures are frequently used by investors, securities analysts and other interested parties in their evaluation of our business and other companies in the broadcast industry. We discuss in this Form 10-K non-GAAP financial performance measures that exclude from our reported GAAP results the impact of “special items” which are described in detail below in the section titled “Discussion of special charges and credits affecting reporting results”. We believe that such expenses and gains are not indicative of normal, ongoing operations. While these items should not be disregarded in evaluation of our earnings performance, it is useful to exclude such items when analyzing current results and trends compared to other periods as these items can vary significantly from period to period depending on specific underlying transactions or events that may occur. Therefore, while we may incur or recognize these types of expenses, charges and gains in the future, we believe that removing these items for purposes of calculating the non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with a more focused presentation of our ongoing operating performance. We discuss Adjusted EBITDA (with and without corporate expenses), a non-GAAP financial performance measure that we believe offers a useful view of the overall operation of our businesses. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income attributable to TEGNA before (1) net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, (2) income taxes, (3) interest expense, (4) equity (loss) income in unconsolidated investments, net, (5) other non- operating items, net, (6) M&A-related costs, (7) advisory fees related to activism defense, (8) spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net, (9) depreciation and (10) amortization. We believe these adjustments facilitate company-to-company operating performance comparisons by removing potential differences caused by variations unrelated to operating performance, such as capital structures (interest expense), income taxes, and the age and book appreciation of property and equipment (and related depreciation expense). The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to Adjusted EBITDA is Net income attributable to TEGNA. Users should consider the limitations of using Adjusted EBITDA, including the fact that this measure does not provide a complete measure of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to purport to be an alternate to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. In particular, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management’s discretionary expenditures, as this measure does not consider certain cash requirements, such as working capital needs, capital expenditures, contractual commitments, interest payments, tax payments and other debt service requirements. We also discuss free cash flow, a non-GAAP performance measure that the Board of Directors uses to review the performance of the business. Free cash flow is reviewed by the Board of Directors as a percentage of revenue over a trailing two-year period (reflecting both an even and odd year reporting period given the political cyclicality of our business). The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to free cash flow is Net income attributable to TEGNA. Free cash flow is calculated as non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA (as defined above), further adjusted by adding back (1) stock-based compensation, (2) non-cash 401(k) company match, (3) syndicated programming amortization, (4) dividends received from equity method investments, (5) reimbursements from spectrum repacking and (6) proceeds from company-owned life insurance policies. This is further adjusted by deducting payments made for (1) syndicated programming, (2) pension, (3) interest, (4) taxes (net of refunds) and (5) purchases of property and equipment. Like Adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management’s discretionary use. 30 Discussion of special charges and credits affecting reported results: Our results during 2022 and 2021 included the following items we consider “special items” that while at times recurring, can vary significantly from period to period: Results for the year ended December 31, 2022: • Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net consisting of gains due to reimbursements from the FCC for required spectrum repacking; • M&A-related costs; • Other non-operating items consisting of a gain recognized on an available-for-sale investment and an impairment charge related to another investment; and • Tax expense, net, associated with establishing a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to an equity method investment. Results for the year ended December 31, 2021: • Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net consisting of gains due to reimbursements from the FCC for required spectrum repacking, a contract termination fee and the write off of certain fixed assets; • Advisory fees related to activism defense; • M&A-related costs we incurred to assist prospective buyers of our company with their due diligence; • Other non-operating items consisting of a gain due to an observable price increase in an equity investment and costs incurred in connection with the early extinguishment of debt; and • Net deferred tax benefits as a result of state tax planning strategies implemented during 2021, deferred tax benefits related to partial capital loss valuation allowance release, and return to provision and deferred adjustments related to the completion of our 2020 state tax returns. Below are reconciliations of certain line items impacted by special items to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands, except per share amounts): Year ended Dec. 31, 2022 Corporate - General and administrative expenses Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net Operating expenses Operating income Other non-operating items, net Total non-operating expenses Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. Earnings per share - diluted (a) (a) Per share amounts do not sum due to rounding. Year ended Dec. 31, 2021 Corporate - General and administrative expenses Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net Operating expenses Operating income Equity loss in unconsolidated investments, net Other non-operating items, net Total non-operating expenses Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. Earnings per share - diluted $ $ $ $ GAAP measure M&A-related costs Other non- operating items Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other Special tax items Non-GAAP measure Special Items 60,108 (323) 2,288,613 990,632 21,431 (157,064) 833,568 202,370 630,469 2.81 $ $ (20,517) — (20,517) 20,517 — — 20,517 233 20,284 0.09 $ $ — — — — (18,308) (18,308) (18,308) 168 (18,476) (0.08) $ $ — 323 323 (323) — — (323) (78) (245) — $ $ — — — — — — — (4,529) 4,529 0.02 GAAP measure 68,127 (2,307) 2,188,877 802,216 (9,713) 6,825 (188,538) 613,678 135,481 476,955 2.14 Advisory fees related to activism defense M&A-related costs (3,738) $ $ — (3,738) 3,738 — — — 3,738 60 3,678 0.02 (16,611) — (16,611) 16,611 — — — 16,611 4,291 12,320 0.06 $ $ Special Items Other non-operating items Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other $ $ — — — — — 507 507 507 127 380 — $ $ — 2,307 2,307 (2,307) — — — (2,307) (605) (1,702) (0.01) $ $ $ $ 39,591 — 2,268,419 1,010,826 3,123 (175,372) 835,454 198,164 636,561 2.83 Special tax items Non-GAAP measure — — — — — — — — 14,138 (14,138) (0.06) $ $ 47,778 — 2,170,835 820,258 (9,713) 7,332 (188,031) 632,227 153,492 477,493 2.15 31 Non-GAAP consolidated results The following is a comparison of our as adjusted non-GAAP financial results for certain line items between 2022 and 2021. Changes between the periods are driven by the same factors summarized above in the “Results of Operations” section within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in thousands, except per share amounts). Adjusted operating expenses Adjusted operating income Adjusted other non-operating income Adjusted total non-operating (expense) Adjusted income before income taxes Adjusted provision for income taxes Adjusted net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. Adjusted earnings per share - diluted Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP 2022 2,268,419 1,010,826 3,123 (175,372) 835,454 198,164 636,561 2.83 $ $ Change 4% 23% (57%) (7%) 32% 29% 33% 32% 2021 2,170,835 820,258 7,332 (188,031) 632,227 153,492 477,493 2.15 $ $ Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA (inclusive and exclusive of Corporate expenses) to net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. presented in accordance with GAAP on our Consolidated Statements of Income is presented below (in thousands): Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. (GAAP basis) Plus: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest Plus: Provision for income taxes Plus: Interest expense Plus: Equity loss in unconsolidated investments, net Less: Other non-operating items, net Operating income (GAAP basis) Plus: M&A-related costs Plus: Advisory fees related to activism defense Less: Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP basis) Plus: Depreciation Plus: Amortization of intangible assets Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP basis) Corporate - General and administrative expense (non-GAAP basis) Adjusted EBITDA, excluding Corporate (non-GAAP basis) *** Not meaningful 2022 630,469 729 202,370 174,022 4,473 (21,431) 990,632 20,517 — (323) 1,010,826 61,195 59,882 1,131,903 39,591 1,171,494 $ $ $ $ $ Change 32% (41%) 49% (6%) (54%) *** 23% *** (100) (86%) 23% (6%) (5%) 19% (17%) 18% 2021 476,955 1,242 135,481 185,650 9,713 (6,825) 802,216 3,738 16,611 (2,307) 820,258 64,841 63,011 948,110 47,778 995,888 $ $ $ $ $ Adjusted EBITDA margin was 36% (without corporate expense) and 35% including corporate expense. Our total Adjusted EBITDA increased $183.8 million or 19% in 2022 compared to 2021. This increase was primarily driven by the operational factors discussed above within the revenue and operating expense fluctuation explanation sections, most notably, the increase in political revenue due to the mid-term elections and subscription revenue from annual rate increases under existing and newly renegotiated retransmission agreements. 32 Free cash flow reconciliation Reconciliations from “Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc.” to “Free cash flow” are presented below (in thousands): Net Income attributable to TEGNA Inc. (GAAP basis) Plus: Provision for income taxes Plus: Interest expense Plus: M&A-related costs Plus: Depreciation Plus: Amortization Plus: Stock-based compensation Plus: Company stock 401(k) contribution Plus: Syndicated programming amortization Plus: Reimbursement from Company-owned life insurance policies Plus: Workforce restructuring expense Plus: Advisory fees related to activism defense Plus: Cash dividend from equity investments for return on capital Plus: Cash reimbursements from spectrum repacking Plus: Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest Plus (Less): Equity income (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net (Less) Plus: Other non-operating items, net Less: Income tax payments Less: Spectrum repacking reimbursement and other, net Less: Syndicated programming payments Less: Pension contributions Less: Interest payments Less: Purchases of property and equipment Free cash flow (non-GAAP basis) Revenue Free cash flow as a % of revenue Two-year period ended Dec. 31, 2022 2021 1,107,424 $ 337,851 359,672 24,255 126,036 122,893 61,996 35,803 139,482 1,929 — 16,611 5,633 5,265 1,971 14,186 (28,256) (350,259) (2,630) (139,252) (12,125) (347,336) (114,409) 1,366,740 $ 959,733 289,774 395,944 8,326 131,721 130,701 51,821 33,611 141,752 1,005 1,021 39,698 11,806 18,122 1,227 (684) 27,204 (264,053) (12,262) (147,305) (11,470) (380,569) (108,575) 1,318,548 6,270,338 $ 5,928,873 21.8 % 22.2 % $ $ $ Our free cash flow, a non-GAAP performance measure, was $1.37 billion and $1.32 billion for the two-year periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in free cash flow is primarily due to increases in subscription and AMS revenue. FINANCIAL POSITION Liquidity and capital resources Our operations have historically generated strong positive cash flow which, along with availability under our existing revolving credit facility and cash and cash equivalents on hand, have been sufficient to fund our capital expenditures, interest payments, dividends, investments in strategic initiatives and other operating requirements. We paid dividends totaling $84.8 million in 2022 and $78.5 million in 2021. We expect to continue to pay our regular quarterly dividend of $0.095 per share through the closing of the Merger, which is the maximum rate and frequency permitted by the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement also does not permit us to repurchase our common stock. As a result of these two restrictions, our cash balance has increased from $57.0 million at the end of 2021 to $551.7 million at the end of 2022. During 2022, we primarily deployed surplus cash in time deposit investments, given the limitations under the Merger Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our debt agreements and credit facility and our leverage ratio, calculated in accordance with our revolving credit agreement, was 2.38x, well below the permitted leverage ratio of less than 4.50x. The leverage ratio is calculated using annualized adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the agreement) for the trailing eight quarters. We believe that we will remain compliant with all covenants for the foreseeable future. Our financial and operating performance, as well as our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to maintain compliance with credit facility covenants, are subject to certain risk factors; see Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further discussion. 33 Contractual obligations An important use of our liquidity pertains to purchasing programming rights. Most of our stations have network affiliations agreements with major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, Fox, and NBC). Under these agreements, the television networks produce and distribute programming to us in exchange for our stations’ commitments to air the programming at specified times and to pay the networks monetary compensation and other consideration, such as commercial announcement time during the programming. The network affiliation agreements have multi-year terms. In addition, programming rights include acquired syndicated programming (television series and movies that are purchased on a group basis for use by our owned stations). These contracts typically cover a period of up to five years, with payments typically made over several years. As of December 31, 2022, we had total programming commitments of $2.83 billion, of which $862.5 million will be settled within the next twelve months. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding programming commitments. We also secure our on-air talent and other key personnel at our television stations through multi-year talent and employment agreements. We expect our contracts for talent and other key personnel will be renewed or replaced with similar agreements upon their expiration. As of December 31, 2022, amounts due under these contracts were approximately $266.7 million, of which approximately $149.0 million will be paid within the next twelve months. Other material contractual obligations include our operating leases (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for further details) as well as our long-term debt and interest payments (see ‘Long-term debt’ section below, as well as Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further details). Cash Flows The following table provides a summary of our cash flow information for the three years ended December 31, 2022 followed by a discussion of the key elements of our cash flows (in thousands): Cash at beginning of year Operating activities: Net income Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash adjustments Pension contributions, net of expense (income) (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable Increase (decrease) in interest and taxes payable Other, net Net cash flows from operating activities Investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired All other investing activities Net cash used for investing activities 2022 2021 2020 $ 56,989 $ 40,968 $ 29,404 631,198 180,779 (3,487) (15,365) 15,330 3,696 812,151 (51,333) — 101 (51,232) 478,197 204,461 (19,139) (88,687) (53,303) (19,917) 501,612 (63,076) (13,335) 7,155 (69,256) 482,763 202,189 (10,400) 27,474 66,466 36,644 805,136 (45,499) (34,841) 20,819 (59,521) Net cash used for financing activities (266,227) (416,335) (734,051) Net change in cash Cash at end of year Operating Activities $ 494,692 551,681 $ 16,021 56,989 $ 11,564 40,968 Cash flow from operating activities was $812.2 million in 2022, compared to $501.6 million in 2021. This $310.6 million increase was primarily driven by a $280.5 million increase in political revenue. As political advertisements are typically paid upfront, they provide an immediate benefit to operating cash flow as compared to non-political advertising which is billed and collected in arrears after the advertisement has been aired. Also contributing to the increase in operating cash flow was a favorable change in accounts receivable of $73.3 million, primarily due to timing of cash payments related to AMS revenue and an increase in subscription revenue. These increases were partially offset by a year over year unfavorable change in accounts payable of $11.8 million. 34 Investing Activities Cash flow used for investing activities was $51.2 million in 2022, compared to $69.3 million in 2021. The decrease of $18.1 million was primary due to $13.3 million being spent on an acquisition in 2021 and an absence of acquisitions in 2022. Also contributing to the decrease was reduced spend for the purchase of property and equipment of $11.7 million. These favorable changes were partially offset by a $4.6 million reduction in reimbursements from spectrum repacking in 2022 as compared to 2021. Financing Activities Cash flow used for financing activities was $266.2 million in 2022, compared to $416.3 million in 2021. The change was primarily due to debt activity. In 2022, we had net repayments of $166.0 million on our revolving credit facility as compared to net repayments of $189.0 million in 2021. In addition, in 2021 we repaid the remaining $137 million of our 5.5% unsecured senior notes, which were due in September 2024. For a comparative discussion of changes in our cash flow comparing the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, see “Part II, Item 7. Financial Position” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022. Long-term debt As of December 31, 2022, our total principal debt outstanding was $3.09 billion, cash and cash equivalents totaled $551.7 million, and we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.49 billion under our $1.51 billion revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2022, $3.09 billion, 100%, of our debt, had a fixed interest rate. See “Note 5 Long-term debt” to our consolidated financial statements for a table summarizing the components of our long-term debt. While the Merger Agreement permits borrowings under our revolving credit facility, we did not have any outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2022. Future interest payments on the revolving credit facility are not known with certainty as payments into and out of the credit facility can change daily and interest payments are based on variable interest rates. Under our revolving credit agreement, we have the ability to draw loans based on two different interest rate indices, one of which is LIBOR based. We are able to draw LIBOR-based loans based on one month, three month, six month and twelve month durations originated through June 2023. We are working with our lenders to establish alternative interest rate measurements for periods subsequent to June 2023. The transition from LIBOR is not expected to have a material impact on the Company. We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from our operations and borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy our debt service obligations, capital expenditure requirements, and working capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond. Interest payments on the senior notes are based on the stated cash coupon rate. As of December 31, 2022, we had future interest payments on our senior notes of $844.0 million, of which $160.3 million will be paid within the next twelve months. The following schedule discloses future annual maturities of the principal amount of total debt due (in thousands): Repayment schedule of principal long-term debt as of Dec. 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements $ $ — — — 550,000 440,000 2,100,000 3,090,000 Off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission include the following four categories: obligations under certain guarantee contracts; retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangements that serve as credit, liquidity or market risk support; obligations under certain derivative arrangements classified as equity; and obligations under material variable interests. As of December 31, 2022, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 35 Capital stock In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. From 2020 through 2022, no shares were repurchased. Certain of the shares we previously acquired have been reissued in settlement of employee stock awards. As a result of the announcement of the Merger Agreement on February 22, 2022, we have suspended share repurchases under this program. Our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2022, totaled 223,448,206 shares, compared with 221,406,177 shares as of December 31, 2021. Critical accounting policies and estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, which are those that are material to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. This commentary should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the remainder of this Form 10-K. Goodwill: As of December 31, 2022, our goodwill balance was $2.98 billion and represented approximately 41% of our total assets. Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a level referred to as the reporting unit. A reporting unit is a business for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results. The level at which we test goodwill for impairment requires us to determine whether the operations below the operating segment level constitute a reporting unit. We have determined that our one segment, Media, consists of a single reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis (first day of our fourth quarter) or between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances occurred that indicate the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying amount. Before performing the annual goodwill impairment test quantitatively, we first have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if the quantitative test must be completed. The qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and specific reporting unit specifications. If after performing this assessment, we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we are required to perform the quantitative test. Otherwise, the quantitative test is not required. In 2022, we elected not to perform the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead performed the quantitative impairment test. When performing the quantitative test, we determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the reporting unit’s goodwill is impaired and we recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and fair value. We estimate the fair value of our one reporting unit based on a market-based valuation methodology, which is primarily based on our consolidated market capitalization plus a control premium. In the fourth quarter of 2022 we completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting unit. The results of the test indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by more than 20 percent. Accordingly, we believe that the reporting unit is not at risk of triggering a goodwill impairment in the foreseeable future. Impairment assessment inherently involves management judgments regarding the assumptions described above. Fair value of the reporting unit also depends on the future strength of the economy in our principal media markets. New and developing competition as well as technological change could also adversely affect our stock price and future fair value estimates. Indefinite Lived Intangibles: This category consists entirely of FCC broadcast licenses related to our acquisitions of television stations. As of December 31, 2022, indefinite lived intangible assets were $2.12 billion and represented approximately 29% of our total assets. The FCC broadcast licenses are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the date of the business acquisition. We determine the fair value of each FCC broadcast license using an income approach referred to as the Greenfield method. The Greenfield method utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and a discount rate (determined using a weighted average cost of capital). Because these licenses are considered indefinite lived intangible assets we do not amortize them. Instead, they are tested for impairment annually (on the first day of our fourth quarter), or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required. 36 We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived asset is more than its carrying amount. If that is the case, then we do not need to perform the quantitative analysis. The qualitative assessment considers trends in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the indefinite lived asset. In 2022, we elected to perform the quantitative assessment for certain FCC licenses which have experienced limited headroom in recent years. The aggregate carrying value of such licenses is $412.2 million. No impairment charges were recorded as a result of this analysis. We performed the optional qualitative assessment for all of our other FCC licenses, which represented an aggregate carrying value of $1.71 billion. In performing the qualitative impairment analysis, we analyzed trends in the significant inputs used in the fair value determination of the FCC license assets. This included reviewing trends in market revenues, market share, profit margins, long-term expected growth rates, and changes in the discount rate. The results of our qualitative procedures showed no material adverse change in inputs that would indicate an impairment exists since the last quantitative test of these assets. As such, we concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these indefinite lived FCC broadcast licenses was more than their carrying amounts and therefore, we did not perform a quantitative test on these licenses in 2022. Changes in key fair value assumptions used in our analysis could result in future non-cash impairment charges, and any related impairment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Changes in key fair value assumptions that could result in a future impairment charge include increases in discount rates and declines in market revenues. A 100 basis point increase in our discount rate or a 10% decline in market revenues (holding all other assumptions in the fair value model constant) would result in an aggregate impairment charge of approximately $16.0 million or less. Pension Liabilities: Certain employees participate in qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans (see Note 6 to consolidated financial statements). Our principal defined benefit pension plan is the TEGNA Retirement Plan (TRP). We also sponsor the TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP) for certain employees. Substantially all participants in the TRP and SERP had their benefits frozen before 2009, and in December 2017, we froze all remaining accruing benefits for certain grandfathered SERP participants. We recognize the net funded status of these postretirement benefit plans as a liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. There is a corresponding non-cash adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits recorded as deferred tax assets, in stockholders’ equity. The funded status represents the difference between the fair value of each plan’s assets and the benefit obligation of the plan. The benefit obligation represents the present value of the estimated future benefits we currently expect to pay to plan participants based on past service. The plan assets and benefit obligations are measured as of December 31 of each year, or more frequently, upon the occurrence of certain events such as a plan amendment, settlement, or curtailment. The amounts we record are measured using actuarial valuations, which are dependent upon key assumptions such as discount rates, participant mortality rates and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. The assumptions we make affect both the calculation of the benefit obligations as of the measurement date and the calculation of net periodic pension expense in subsequent periods. When reassessing these assumptions we consider past and current market conditions and make judgments about future market trends. We also consider factors such as the timing and amounts of expected contributions to the plans and benefit payments to plan participants. The most important assumptions include the discount rate applied to pension plan obligations and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets related for the TRP (the SERP is an unfunded plan). The discount rate assumption is based on investment yields available at year-end on corporate bonds rated AA and above with a maturity to match the expected benefit payment stream. A decrease in discount rates would increase pension obligations while an increase in discount rate would reduce pension obligations. We establish the expected long-term rate of return by developing a forward-looking, long-term return assumption for each pension fund asset class, taking into account factors such as the expected real return for the specific asset class and inflation. A single, long-term rate of return is then calculated as the weighted average of the target asset allocation percentages and the long-term return assumption for each asset class. We apply the expected long-term rate of return to the fair value of its pension assets in determining the dollar amount of its expected return. Changes in the expected long-term return on plan assets would increase or decrease pension plan expense. For 2022, we assumed a rate of 3.75% for our long-term expected return on pension assets used for our TRP plan. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension expense to the long-term rate of return assumption, a plus or minus 50 basis points change in the expected rate of return on pension assets (with all other assumptions held constant) would have decreased or increased estimated pension plan expense for 2022 by approximately $2.6 million. The effects of actual results differing from this assumption is initially accumulated as unamortized gains and losses and later amortized to expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the December 31, 2022 measurement, the assumption used for the discount rate was 5.50% for our TRP and SERP plans. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension liabilities to the discount rate assumption, a plus or minus 50 basis points change in the discount rate as of the end of 2022 (with all other assumptions held constant) would have decreased or increased plan obligations by approximately $18.5 million. For 2022, the discount rate used to determine the pension expense was 2.90%. A 50 basis points increase or decrease in this discount rate would have decreased or increased total pension plan expense for 2022 by approximately $0.6 million. 37 Income Taxes: Our annual tax rate is based on our income, statutory tax rates, and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our annual tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions. Tax law requires certain items to be included in our tax returns at different times than when the items are reflected in the financial statements. The annual tax expense reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income is different than that reported in our tax returns. Some of these differences are permanent (for example, expenses recorded for accounting purposes that are not deductible in the returns such as certain entertainment expenses) and some differences are temporary and reverse over time, such as depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent tax expense recognized in the financial statements for which payment has been deferred, or expense for which a deduction has been taken already in the tax return but the expense has not yet been recognized in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in tax returns in future years for which a benefit has already been recorded in the financial statements, as well as tax losses that can be carried over and used in future years. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts we believe are more likely than not to be recovered. In evaluating the amount of any such valuation allowance, we consider the existence of cumulative income or losses in recent years, the reversal of existing temporary differences, the existence of taxable income in prior carry back years, available tax planning strategies and estimates of future taxable income for each of our taxable jurisdictions. The latter two factors involve the exercise of significant judgment. As of December 31, 2022, deferred tax asset valuation allowances totaled $26.3 million, primarily related to minority investments, federal and state interest disallowance carryforwards, accrued compensation costs, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state capital loss carryforwards. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that all other deferred tax assets for which no valuation allowances have been established will be realized. This conclusion is based on our history of cumulative income in recent years and review of historical and projected future taxable income. We determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit is recorded in our financial statements. A tax position is measured as the portion of the tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority (that has full knowledge of all relevant information). We may be required to change our provision for income taxes when the ultimate treatment of certain items is challenged or agreed to by taxing authorities, when estimates used in determining valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly change, or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Future events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements in the year these changes occur. 38 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Market risk is the potential gain/loss arising from changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and changes in the market value of financial instruments. Historically, our main exposure to market risk has related to interest rates. As of December 31, 2022, we did not have any floating interest obligations outstanding and had unused borrowing capacity of $1.49 billion under our $1.51 billion revolving credit facility, which expires in August 2024. Any amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility in the future are subject to a variable rate. Refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding the fair value of our long-term debt. We believe that our market risk from financial instruments, such as cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt, is not material. 39 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 41 43 45 46 47 48 49 40 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of TEGNA Inc. Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TEGNA Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of equity and redeemable noncontrolling interest and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that 41 controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Quantitative impairment assessments for certain FCC broadcast licenses. As described in Notes 1 and 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated FCC broadcast licenses balance was $2.1 billion as of December 31, 2022. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested annually, or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required. In 2022, management elected to perform the quantitative assessment for certain FCC broadcast licenses with an aggregate carrying value of $412.2 million. In performing its quantitative assessment, fair value is estimated by management using an income approach called the Greenfield method. The Greenfield method utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate (determined by management using a weighted average cost of capital). The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the quantitative impairment assessments for certain FCC broadcast licenses is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of certain FCC broadcast licenses; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to market revenues, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge. Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s impairment assessments, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s FCC broadcast licenses. These procedures also included, among others, (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimates; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow model; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to market revenues, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and the discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to market revenues and estimated profit margins based on market size and station type involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of the related business in the market being evaluated, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the Company’s discounted cash flow model and the reasonableness of the discount rate significant assumption. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Washington, District of Columbia February 27, 2023 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018. 42 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS In thousands of dollars ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,697 and $4,371, respectively Other receivables Syndicated programming rights Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total current assets Property and equipment Land Buildings and improvements Equipment, furniture and fixtures Construction in progress Total Less accumulated depreciation Net property and equipment Intangible and other assets Goodwill Indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $348,087 and $298,593, respectively Right-of-use assets for operating leases Investments and other assets Total intangible and other assets Total assets $ $ 43 Dec. 31, 2022 2021 551,681 $ 658,318 13,493 44,064 36,152 1,303,708 86,447 346,341 625,754 8,649 1,067,191 (610,138) 457,053 2,981,587 2,381,606 78,448 126,494 5,568,135 7,328,896 $ 56,989 642,280 15,496 53,100 19,724 787,589 86,447 341,112 615,531 10,761 1,053,851 (586,656) 467,195 2,981,587 2,441,488 87,279 152,508 5,662,862 6,917,646 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS In thousands of dollars, except par value and share amounts LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST AND EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable Accrued liabilities Compensation Interest Contracts payable for programming rights Other Income taxes payable Total current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities Net deferred income tax liabilities Long-term debt Pension liabilities Operating lease liabilities Other noncurrent liabilities Total noncurrent liabilities Total liabilities Dec. 31, 2022 2021 $ 76,212 $ 72,996 50,339 45,480 117,743 78,265 22,985 391,024 556,131 3,069,316 73,684 79,503 70,098 3,848,732 4,239,756 55,179 45,905 98,534 91,098 11,420 375,132 548,374 3,231,970 58,063 88,970 79,102 4,006,479 4,381,611 Commitments and contingent liabilities (see Note 11) Redeemable noncontrolling interest (see Note 1) $ 17,418 $ 16,129 Shareholders’ equity Common stock of $1 par value per share, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 324,418,632 shares issued Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Less treasury stock at cost, 100,970,426 shares and 103,012,455 shares, respectively Total equity Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 324,419 27,941 7,898,055 (125,533) (5,053,160) 3,071,722 7,328,896 $ 324,419 27,941 7,459,380 (97,216) (5,194,618) 2,519,906 6,917,646 $ 44 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts Revenues $ 3,279,245 $ 2,991,093 $ 2,937,780 Year ended Dec. 31, 2021 2020 2022 Operating expenses: 1 Cost of revenues Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses Corporate - General and administrative expenses Depreciation Amortization of intangible assets Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net (see Note 10) Total Operating income Non-operating income (expense): Equity (loss) income in unconsolidated investments, net Interest expense Other non-operating items, net Total Income before income taxes Provision for income taxes Net Income Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest Net income attributable to TEGNA Inc. Earnings per share - basic Earnings per share - diluted Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Basic shares Diluted shares 1,693,221 414,530 60,108 61,195 59,882 (323) 2,288,613 990,632 (4,473) (174,022) 21,431 (157,064) 833,568 202,370 631,198 (729) 630,469 $ 1,598,759 396,446 68,127 64,841 63,011 (2,307) 2,188,877 802,216 (9,713) (185,650) 6,825 (188,538) 613,678 135,481 478,197 (1,242) 476,955 $ 2.82 $ 2.15 $ 2.81 $ 2.14 $ 1,503,287 365,601 73,295 66,880 67,690 (9,955) 2,066,798 870,982 10,397 (210,294) (34,029) (233,926) 637,056 154,293 482,763 15 482,778 2.20 2.19 223,652 224,486 221,504 222,471 219,232 219,733 $ $ $ 1 Cost of revenues exclude charges for depreciation and amortization expense, which are shown separately above. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 45 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME In thousands of dollars Net income Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax: Foreign currency translation adjustments Pension and other post-retirement benefit items: Recognition of previously deferred post-retirement benefit plan costs Actuarial (loss) gain arising during the period Pension payment timing related charge Pension and other postretirement benefit items Realized gain on available-for-sale investment during the period Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investment during the period Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax Income tax effect related to components of other comprehensive income (loss) Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest Comprehensive income attributable to TEGNA Inc. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 2022 Year ended Dec. 31, 2021 2020 $ 631,198 $ 478,197 $ 482,763 142 743 138 4,158 (21,892) 300 (17,434) (20,800) — (38,092) 9,775 (28,317) 602,881 (729) 602,152 $ 5,217 4,463 946 10,626 — 20,800 32,169 (8,309) 23,860 502,057 (1,242) 500,815 $ 6,209 22,574 — 28,783 — — 28,921 (7,400) 21,521 504,284 15 504,299 $ 46 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS In thousands of dollars Cash flows from operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities: Depreciation Amortization of intangible assets Stock-based compensation Company stock 401(k) contribution Amortization of deferred financing costs, debt discounts and premiums (Gains) losses on assets Provision for deferred income taxes Equity loss (income) in unconsolidated investees, net Pension contributions, net of expense Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: (Increase) decrease in accounts receivable Increase in accounts payable Increase (decrease) in interest and taxes payable (Decrease) increase in deferred revenue Changes in other assets and liabilities, net Net cash flows from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment Reimbursement from spectrum repacking Payments for acquisitions of businesses and other assets, net of cash acquired Payments for investments Proceeds from investments Proceeds from sale of assets Net cash used for investing activities Cash flows from by financing activities: Payments of borrowings under revolving credit facilities, net Dividends paid Proceeds from borrowings Debt repayments Payments for debt issuance and premiums for early redemption costs Proceeds from sale of minority ownership interest in Premion Other, net Net cash used for financing activities Increase in cash Balance of cash at beginning of year Balance of cash at end of year Supplemental cash flow information: Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds Cash paid for interest The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. Year ended Dec. 31, 2022 2021 2020 $ 631,198 $ 478,197 $ 482,763 61,195 59,882 30,481 18,661 6,919 (18,308) 17,476 4,473 (3,487) (15,365) 3,216 15,330 (2,151) 2,631 812,151 (51,333) 323 — (5,691) 4,997 472 (51,232) (166,000) (84,756) — — — — (15,471) (266,227) 494,692 56,989 551,681 $ 64,841 63,011 31,515 17,142 8,323 — 9,916 9,713 (19,139) (88,687) 14,947 (53,303) 1,589 (36,453) 501,612 (63,076) 4,942 (13,335) (1,791) 3,701 303 (69,256) 66,880 67,690 20,306 16,469 20,251 12,457 8,533 (10,397) (10,400) 27,474 7,245 66,466 1,013 28,386 805,136 (45,499) 13,180 (34,841) (2,415) 5,028 5,026 (59,521) (189,000) (78,465) — (137,000) (1,256) — (10,614) (416,335) 16,021 40,968 56,989 $ (548,000) (76,465) 1,550,000 (1,623,000) (41,378) 14,000 (9,208) (734,051) 11,564 29,404 40,968 171,095 $ 167,533 $ 179,164 $ 179,803 $ 84,889 200,766 $ $ $ 47 TEGNA Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST In thousands of dollars, except per share data Redeemable noncontrolling interest Common stock Additional paid-in capital Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Treasury stock Total TEGNA Inc. Shareholders’ Equity Balance as of Dec. 31, 2019 $ — $ 324,419 $ 247,497 $ 6,655,088 $ (142,597) $ (5,494,030) $ 1,590,377 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total comprehensive income Dividends declared: $0.28 per share Company stock 401(k) contribution Stock-based awards activity Stock-based compensation Sale of minority interest in Premion Adjusted redeemable NCI to redemption value Other activity (15) — — — — — 14,000 948 — — — — — — — — — — — — 482,778 — — 21,521 — (71,808) (80,805) 20,306 — — (1,923) (61,278) — — — — (948) — — — — — — — — — — — 88,277 71,598 — — — — 482,778 21,521 504,299 (61,278) 16,469 (9,207) 20,306 — (948) (1,923) Balance as of Dec. 31, 2020 $ 14,933 $ 324,419 $ 113,267 $ 7,075,640 $ (121,076) $ (5,334,155) $ 2,058,095 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Total comprehensive income Dividends declared: $0.35 per share Company stock 401(k) contribution Stock-based awards activity Stock-based compensation Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value Other activity 1,242 — — — — — (46) — — — — — — — — — — — 476,955 — — 23,860 — (32,777) (85,436) 31,515 — 1,372 (78,466) (14,795) — — 46 — — — — — — — — — — 64,714 74,823 — — — 476,955 23,860 500,815 (78,466) 17,142 (10,613) 31,515 46 1,372 Balance as of Dec. 31, 2021 $ 16,129 $ 324,419 $ 27,941 $ 7,459,380 $ (97,216) $ (5,194,618) $ 2,519,906 Net income Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Total comprehensive income Dividends declared: $0.38 per share Company stock 401(k) contribution Stock-based awards activity Stock-based compensation Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value Other activity 729 — — — — — 560 — — — — — — — — — — — 630,469 — — (28,317) — (19,494) (12,296) 30,481 — 1,309 (84,756) (22,975) (83,503) — (560) — — — — — — — — — — 61,130 80,328 — — — 630,469 (28,317) 602,152 (84,756) 18,661 (15,471) 30,481 (560) 1,309 Balance as of Dec. 31, 2022 $ 17,418 $ 324,419 $ 27,941 $ 7,898,055 $ (125,533) $ (5,053,160) $ 3,071,722 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 48 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 – Description of business, basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies Description of business: We are an innovative media company serving the greater good of our communities. Our business includes 64 television stations operating in 51 U.S. markets, offering high-quality television programming and digital content. Each television station also has a robust digital presence across online, mobile and social platforms, reaching consumers on all devices and platforms they use to consume news content. We also own two radio stations in Columbus, OH and leading multicast networks True Crime Network, Twist and Quest. Through TEGNA Marketing Solutions (TMS), our integrated sales and back-end fulfillment operations, we deliver results for advertisers across television, digital and over-the-top (OTT) platforms, including Premion, our OTT advertising network. Use of estimates: The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In doing so, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, allocation of purchase price to assets and liabilities in business combinations, fair value measurements, post-retirement benefit plans, income taxes including deferred tax assets, and contingencies. Basis of presentation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities if we are the primary beneficiary. We eliminate all intercompany balances, transactions, and profits in consolidation. Investments in entities for which we have significant influence, but do not have control, are accounted for under the equity method. Our share of net earnings and losses from these ventures is included in “Equity (loss) income in unconsolidated investments, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Merger Agreement: On February 22, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended, the Merger Agreement), with Teton Parent Corp., a newly formed Delaware corporation (Parent), Teton Merger Corp., a newly formed Delaware corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (Merger Sub), and solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, other subsidiaries of Parent, certain affiliates of Standard General L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (Standard General) and CMG Media Corporation, a Delaware corporation (CMG), and certain of its subsidiaries. Parent, Merger Sub, the other subsidiaries of Parent, those affiliates of Standard General, CMG and those subsidiaries of CMG, are collectively, referred to as the “Parent Restructuring Entities.” The Merger Agreement provides, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, that Merger Sub will be merged with and into TEGNA (the Merger), with TEGNA continuing as the surviving corporation and as an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. The Merger Agreement provides that each share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of TEGNA (the Common Stock) outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Merger (the Effective Time), other than certain excluded shares, will at the Effective Time automatically be converted into the right to receive (i) $24.00 per share of Common Stock in cash, without interest, plus (ii) additional amounts in cash, without interest, if the Merger does not close within a certain period of time after the date of the Merger Agreement. TEGNA shareholders will receive additional cash consideration in the form of a “ticking fee” of (a) if the Closing Date occurs after November 22, 2022 and before February 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.00166667 multiplied by (ii) the number of calendar days elapsed after November 22, 2022 to and including the Closing Date, (b) if the Closing Date occurs on or after February 22, 2023 and before March 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.15333333 plus (ii)(A) $0.0025 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after February 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date, (c) if the Closing Date occurs on or after March 22, 2023 and before April 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.22333333 plus (ii)(A) $0.00333333 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after March 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date and (d) if the Closing Date occurs on or after April 22, 2023 and before May 22, 2023, an amount in cash equal to (i) $0.3266667 plus (ii)(A) $0.00416667 multiplied by (B) the number of calendar days elapsed after April 22, 2023 to and including the Closing Date. The Merger Agreement contains certain termination rights and provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain specified circumstances, Parent will be required to pay TEGNA a termination fee of either $136.0 million or $272.0 million. TEGNA has made customary representations, warranties and covenants in the Merger Agreement. If the Merger is consummated, the Common Stock will be delisted from the New York Stock Exchange and deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. On March 10, 2022, TEGNA, Parent, Merger Sub, and, solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, the other Parent Restructuring Entities, entered into an amendment to the Merger Agreement (the Amendment). The Amendment provides, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, that certain regulatory efforts covenants will apply with respect to certain station transfers from Parent or an affiliate of Parent to CMG or an affiliate of CMG that are contemplated to be consummated as of immediately following the Effective Time. On May 17, 2022 the stockholders of TEGNA voted to adopt the Merger Agreement. On February 21, 2023, TEGNA elected, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, to extend the Outside Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) from 5:00 p.m. 49 Eastern time on February 22, 2023 to 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on May 22, 2023. All waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, applicable to the Merger and related transactions have expired. The closing of the Merger remains subject to the approval of the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) and customary closing conditions. On February 24, 2023, the FCC issued a hearing designation order with respect to the transaction. TEGNA is currently evaluating its options. Segment presentation: We operate one operating and reportable segment, which primarily consists of our 64 television stations and two radio stations operating in 51 markets. Our reportable segment structure has been determined based on our management and internal reporting structure, the nature of products and services we offer, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Cash and cash equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. Trade receivables and allowances for doubtful accounts: Trade receivables are recorded at invoiced amounts and generally do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our estimate of credit exposure, determined principally on the basis of our collection experience, aging of our receivables and any specific reserves needed for certain customers based on their credit risk. Our allowance also takes into account expected future trends which may impact our customers’ ability to pay, such as economic growth (or declines), unemployment and demand for our products and services. We monitor the credit quality of our customers and their ability to pay through the use of analytics and communication with individual customers. Bad debt expense is included in “Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses” on our Consolidated Statements of Income. In 2022, we had bad debt expense of $3.1 million. In 2021, we had a net reversal of bad debt expense of $(0.7) million due to improved collection trends in 2021 and we had bad debt expense of $8.0 million in 2020. Write-offs of trade receivables (net of recoveries) were $3.8 million in 2022, $1.9 million in 2021 and $4.7 million in 2020. Property and equipment: Property and equipment are recorded at cost, and depreciation expense is recorded generally on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives are generally: buildings and improvements, 10 to 40 years; and machinery, equipment and fixtures, 3 to 25 years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Valuation of long-lived assets: We review the carrying amount of long-lived assets (mostly property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Once an indicator of potential impairment has occurred, the impairment test is based on whether the intent is to hold the asset for continued use or to hold the asset for sale. If the intent is to hold the asset for continued use, the impairment test first requires a comparison of projected undiscounted future cash flows against the carrying amount of the asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the asset group would be deemed to be potentially impaired. The impairment, if any, would be measured based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. Fair value is determined primarily using the projected future cash flows, discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost to dispose. We recognized impairment charges in 2021 related to long-lived assets. See Note 10 for further discussion. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets: The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, net of liabilities assumed. Our goodwill balance was $2.98 billion as of both December 31, 2022 and 2021. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis (first day of our fourth quarter) or between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of our reporting unit may be below its carrying amount. Before performing the annual goodwill impairment test quantitatively, we first have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if the quantitative test must be completed. The qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company and specific reporting unit specifications. If after performing this assessment, we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we are required to perform the quantitative test. Otherwise, the quantitative test is not required. In 2022, we elected not to perform the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead performed the quantitative impairment test. Goodwill is accounted for at the segment level and allocated to, and tested for impairment at, a level referred to as the reporting unit. We have determined that our one segment, Media, consists of a single reporting unit. When performing the quantitative test, we determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the reporting unit’s 50 goodwill is impaired and we must recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the reporting unit. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit based on a market-based valuation methodology, which is primarily based on our consolidated market capitalization plus a reasonable control premium. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting unit. The results of the test indicated that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit significantly exceeded the carrying value. We also have significant intangible assets with indefinite lives associated with FCC broadcast licenses related to our acquisitions of television and radio stations. The FCC broadcast licenses are recorded at their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. Fair value is estimated using an income approach called the Greenfield method, which utilizes a discounted cash flow model that incorporates several key assumptions, including market revenues, long-term growth projections, estimated market share for a typical market participant, estimated profit margins based on market size and station type, and a discount rate (determined using a weighted average cost of capital). Since these licenses are considered indefinite lived intangible assets we do not amortize them, rather they are tested for impairment annually (first day of our fourth quarter), or more often if circumstances dictate, for impairment and written down to fair value as required. We have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived asset is more than its carrying amount. If that is the case, then we do not need to perform the quantitative analysis. The qualitative assessment considers trends in macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the indefinite lived asset. In 2022, we elected to perform the quantitative assessment for certain FCC licenses which have experienced limited headroom in recent years. The aggregate carrying value of such licenses is $412.2 million. No impairment charges were recorded as a result of this analysis. However, material adverse changes in any of the significant valuation inputs could result in future declines in the fair value of these FCC license assets, and could result in non-cash impairment charges which could have a material adverse impact on our future results from operations and financial position. We performed the optional qualitative assessment for all of our other FCC licenses, which represented an aggregate carrying value of $1.71 billion. In performing the qualitative impairment analysis, we analyzed trends in the significant inputs used in the fair value determination of the FCC license assets. This included reviewing trends in market revenues, market share, profit margins, long-term expected growth rates, and changes in the discount rate. The results of our qualitative procedures showed no material adverse change in inputs that would indicate an impairment exists since the last quantitative test of these assets. As such, we concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these indefinite lived FCC broadcast licenses was more than their carrying amounts and therefore, we did not perform a quantitative test on these licenses in 2022. Investments and other assets: Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Significant influence typically exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in non-operating income on our Consolidated Statement of Income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Certain differences exist between our investment carrying value and the underlying equity of the investee companies principally due to fair value measurement at the date of investment acquisition and due to impairment charges we recorded for certain of the investments. Investments in the equity of non-public businesses that do not have readily determinable pricing, and for which we do not have control or do not exert significant influence, are carried at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the carrying value of these investments are included as a non-operating expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, such investments totaled $20.2 million and $20.3 million, respectively. During 2022, we recorded a $2.5 million impairment charge on one such investment. In 2021, we recorded a $1.9 million gain for one of these investments and a $1.9 million impairment charge on a different investment. During 2020, we recorded a $9.2 million impairment charge related to the decline in fair value of one of our investees. Our television stations are party to program broadcasting contracts which provide us with rights to broadcast syndicated programs, original series and films. These contracts are recorded at the gross amount of the related liability when the programs are available for telecasting. The related assets are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Program assets are classified as current (as a prepaid expense) or noncurrent (as an other asset) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, based on when the programming is expected to air. Expense is recognized on a straight line basis which appropriately matches the cost of the programs with the revenues associated with them. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, we incurred programming expense of $68.8 million, $70.7 million and $71.1 million, respectively. Programming expense is included in “Cost of revenues” within our Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2022, $44.1 million of programming assets existed which we expect to be expensed within the next twelve months. The liability for these contracts is classified as current or noncurrent in accordance with the payment terms of the contracts. The payment period generally coincides with the period of telecast for the programs, but may be shorter. 51 We evaluate the net realizable value of our program broadcasting contract assets when a triggering event occurs, such as a change in our intended usage, or sustained lower than expected ratings for the program. Impairment analyses are performed at the syndicated program level (across all stations that utilize the program). We determine the net realizable value based on a projection of the estimated revenues less projected direct costs associated with the syndicated program (which is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy). If the future direct costs exceed expected revenues, impairment of the program asset may be required. No impairment charges were recognized in 2022, 2021 or 2020. Redeemable Noncontrolling interest: Our Premion business operates an advertising network for OTT streaming and connected television platforms. In March 2020, we sold a minority interest in Premion to an affiliate of Gray Television (Gray) and entered into a commercial reselling agreement with the affiliate which expires on March 31, 2023. Gray’s investment allows it to sell its interest to Premion if there is a change in control of TEGNA or if the existing commercial agreement terminates. Since redemption of the minority ownership interest is outside our control, Gray’s equity interest is presented outside of the Equity section on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interest.” When the redemption or carrying value (the acquisition date fair value adjusted for the noncontrolling interest’s share of net income (loss) and dividends) is less than the recorded redemption value, we adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interest to equal the redemption value with changes recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings. Any such adjustment, when necessary, will be performed as of the applicable balance sheet date. Treasury Stock: We account for treasury stock under the cost method. When treasury stock is re-issued at a price higher than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital (APIC) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. When treasury stock is re-issued at a price lower than its cost, the difference is recorded as a component of APIC to the extent that there are previously recorded gains to offset the losses. If there are no treasury stock gains in APIC, the losses upon re-issuance of treasury stock are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Revenue recognition: Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised services to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Amounts received from customers in advance of providing services to our customers are recorded as deferred revenue. Our primary source of revenue is our subscription revenue from retransmission consent contracts with multichannel video programming distributors (e.g., cable and satellite providers) and over the top providers (companies that deliver video content to consumers over the Internet). Under these multi-year contracts, we have performance obligations to provide our customers with our stations’ signals, as well as our consent to retransmit those signals to their customers. Subscription revenue is recognized in accordance with the guidance for licensing intellectual property utilizing a usage based method. The amount of revenue earned is based on the number of subscribers to which our customers retransmit our signal, and the negotiated fee per subscriber included in our contract agreement. Our customers generally submit payments monthly, generally within 60-90 days after the month that the service was provided. Our performance obligations are satisfied, and revenue is recognized, as our customers retransmit our signal. This measure toward satisfaction of our performance obligations and recognition of revenue is the most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value that we are delivering to our customers through our retransmission consent. We also earn revenue through the sale of advertising and marketing services (AMS). This revenue stream includes all sources of our traditional television and radio advertising, as well as digital revenues including Premion. Contracts within this revenue stream are short-term in nature (most often three months or less). Contracts generally consist of multiple deliverables, such as television commercials, or digital advertising solutions, that we have identified as individual performance obligations. Before performing under the contract, we establish the transaction price with our customer based on the agreed upon rates for each performance obligation. There is no material variability in the transaction price during the term of the contract. Revenue is recognized as we fulfill our performance obligations to our customers. For our AMS revenue stream, we measure the fulfillment of our performance obligations based on the airing of the individual television commercials or display of digital advertisements. This measure is most appropriate as it aligns our revenue recognition with the value we are providing to our customers. The price of each individual commercial and digital advertisement is negotiated with our customer and is determined based on multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the programming and day-part selected, supply of available inventory, our station’s viewership ratings and overall market conditions (e.g., timing of the year and strength of U.S. economy). Customers are billed monthly and payment is generally due 30 days after the date of invoice. Commission costs related to these contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of the contracts. We also generate revenue from the sale of political advertising. Contracts within this revenue stream are short-term in nature (typically weekly or monthly buys during political campaigns). Customers pre-pay these contracts and we therefore defer the associated revenue until the advertising has been delivered, at which time we have satisfied our performance obligations and recognize revenue. Commission costs related to these contracts are expensed as incurred due to the short-term nature of the contracts. Our remaining revenue is comprised of various other services, primarily production services (for news content and commercials) and sublease tower rental income and distribution of our local news content. Revenue is recognized as these various services are provided to our customers. 52 In instances where we sell services from more than one revenue stream to the same customer at the same time, we recognize one contract and allocate the transaction price to each deliverable element (e.g., performance obligation) based on the relative fair value of each element. Revenue earned by categories in 2022, 2021 and 2020 are shown below (amounts in thousands): 2022 2021 2020 Subscription Advertising & Marketing Services Political Other Total revenues $ $ 1,530,402 $ 1,363,417 341,110 44,316 3,279,245 $ 1,466,433 $ 1,428,082 60,573 36,005 2,991,093 $ 1,286,611 1,174,774 445,535 30,860 2,937,780 Retirement plans: Certain employees are covered by defined benefit pension plans and we provide certain medical and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees (collectively postretirement benefit plans). The amounts we record related to our postretirement benefit plans are computed using actuarial valuations that are based in part on certain key economic assumptions we make, including the discount rate, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and other actuarial assumptions including mortality estimates, health care cost trend rates and employee turnover, each as appropriate based on the nature of the plans. Depending on the timing of the estimated payments, we recognize the funded status of our postretirement benefit plans as a current or non-current liability within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. When annually adjusting to recognize the funded status of the plan, there is a corresponding non-cash adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits, recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Equity. The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan’s assets and the benefit obligation of the plan. Stock-based employee compensation: We grant restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance shares to employees as a form of compensation. The expense for the RSUs is based on the grant date fair value of the award and is generally recognized on a straight-line basis. Expense related to the performance share program is marked to market each month over the first two-year performance period, as the award provides the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee with limited discretion to make adjustments to the financial targets to ensure consistent year-to-year comparison for the performance criteria. Expense under these programs is recognized over the requisite service period, which is typically a four-year period for RSUs and a three-year period for performance shares. Performance share expense for participants meeting certain retirement eligible criteria as defined in the plan is recognized using the accelerated attribution method. See Note 9 for further discussion. Advertising and marketing costs: We expense advertising and marketing costs, such as costs to promote our brands, as they are incurred. Advertising expenses were $9.7 million in 2022, $9.8 million in 2021 and $5.8 million in 2020, and are included in “Business units - Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Income taxes: Income taxes are presented on the consolidated financial statements using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences that exist between the financial statement carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as from tax loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income taxes reflect expected future tax benefits (i.e., assets) and future tax costs (i.e., liabilities). The tax effect of net operating loss, capital loss and general business credit carryovers result in deferred tax assets. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rate expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recoverable or settled. We recognize the effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established if, based upon the weight of available evidence, management determines it is “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We periodically assess our tax filing exposures related to periods that are open to examination. Based on the latest available information, we evaluate our tax positions to determine whether it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority. If we cannot reach a more likely than not determination, no benefit is recorded. If we determine the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained, we record the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. We record interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income. Interest and penalties were not material in each year presented. Loss contingencies: We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and regulatory matters, the outcomes of which are subject to significant uncertainty. We determine whether to disclose or accrue for loss contingencies based on an assessment of whether the risk of loss is remote, reasonably possible or probable, and whether it can be reasonably estimated. We accrue for loss contingencies when such amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. If a contingent liability is only reasonably possible, we will disclose the potential range of the loss, if material and estimable. Accounting guidance adopted in 2022: We did not adopt any new accounting guidance in 2022 that had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. 53 New accounting guidance not yet adopted: There is no accounting guidance currently pending that we expect to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. NOTE 2 – Goodwill and other intangible assets We operate as one operating and reportable segment which includes the goodwill balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 shown below (in thousands): Balance as of Dec. 31, 2020 Business acquisition Balance as of Dec. 31, 2021 Adjustments Balance as of Dec. 31, 2022 Goodwill 2,968,693 12,894 2,981,587 — 2,981,587 $ $ The following table displays indefinite-lived intangible assets and amortizable intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Dec. 31, 2022 Indefinite-lived intangibles: Television and radio station FCC broadcast licenses Amortizable intangible assets: Retransmission agreements Network affiliation agreements Other Total indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets Dec. 31, 2021 Indefinite-lived intangibles: Television and radio station FCC broadcast licenses Amortizable intangible assets: Retransmission agreements Network affiliation agreements Other Total indefinite-lived and amortizable intangible assets Gross Accumulated Amortization Net $ $ $ $ 2,123,898 $ — $ 2,123,898 224,827 309,503 71,465 2,729,693 $ (184,796) (121,664) (41,627) (348,087) $ 40,031 187,839 29,838 2,381,606 2,123,898 $ — $ 2,123,898 235,215 309,503 71,465 2,740,081 $ (168,439) (97,195) (32,959) (298,593) $ 66,776 212,308 38,506 2,441,488 Our retransmission agreements and network affiliation agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Other intangibles primarily include distribution agreements from our multicast networks acquisition and brand names which are also amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. In 2022, gross retransmission agreement intangible assets and associated accumulated amortization decreased by $10.4 million due to certain retransmission intangible assets reaching the end of their useful lives. On January 27, 2021, we acquired Locked On Podcast Network LLC for $13.3 million, which consisted of a base purchase price of $13.8 million and a working capital adjustment of $0.5 million. Locked On produces daily podcasts for every team across the four major professional sports leagues, as well as for major college sports teams. In connection with this acquisition, we recorded goodwill and trade name assets of $12.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from the acquisition that do not qualify for separate recognition, including assembled workforce, as well as future synergies that we expect to generate. The goodwill recognized is deductible for tax purposes. 54 The following table shows the projected annual amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets existing as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total $ $ 53,467 47,293 28,468 24,431 14,577 89,472 257,708 NOTE 3 – Investments and other assets Our investments and other assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Cash value life insurance Available-for-sale debt security Equity method investments Other equity investments Deferred debt issuance costs Long-term contract assets Other long-term assets Total Dec. 31, 2022 2021 48,919 $ — 17,003 20,158 2,232 14,135 24,047 126,494 $ 53,189 23,800 21,986 20,331 5,805 — 27,397 152,508 $ $ Cash value life insurance: We are the beneficiary of life insurance policies on the lives of certain employees/retirees, which are recorded at their cash surrender value as determined by the insurance carrier. These policies are utilized as a partial funding source for deferred compensation and other non- qualified employee retirement plan. Gains and losses on these investments are included in “Other non-operating items, net” within our Consolidated Statement of Income and were not material for all periods presented. Available-for-sale debt security: We previously held a debt security investment issued by MadHive, Inc. (MadHive), that was classified as an available-for- sale investment. Available-for-sale debt securities are required to be carried at their fair value, with unrealized gains and losses (net of income taxes) that are considered temporary in nature recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In the first quarter of 2022, we amended the terms of the debt security, which became effective on January 3, 2022, in parallel with an amendment and extension of our commercial agreements with MadHive. The amendments modified several items, including the conversion rights as well as the maturity date of the note. In exchange for the convertible debt modifications, we received favorable terms in our renewed commercial agreements with MadHive. As a result of these amendments, in the first quarter of 2022 we recognized a previously unrecognized gain of $20.8 million. The gain was recorded in “Other non-operating items, net” within our Consolidated Statement of Income. The debt matured in June 2022 at which time the principal balance of $3.0 million plus accrued interest was paid to us. The $3.0 million principal balance was classified as “Proceeds from investments” within our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow. See Note 11 for additional information regarding our related party transactions with MadHive. Other equity investments: Represent investments in non-public businesses that do not have readily determinable pricing, and for which we do not have control or do not exert significant influence. These investments are recorded at cost less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes in observable prices for those investments. In 2022, we recorded a $2.5 million impairment charge, due to the decline in the fair value of one of our investments. In 2021, we recognized a $1.9 million gain on one of these investments due to an observable price increase in the fair value of the investment. Also in 2021, we recorded a $1.9 million impairment charge, due to the decline in the fair value of a different investment. The impairment charges and gains were recorded within “Other non-operating items, net” in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Deferred debt issuance costs: These costs consist of amounts paid to lenders related to our revolving credit facility. Debt issuance costs paid for our unsecured notes are accounted for as a reduction in the debt obligation. Long-term contract assets: These amounts primarily consist of an asset related to a long-term services agreement for IT security and an asset representing the long-term portion of a contract asset that was recognized as a result of the $20.8 million gain discussed above related to favorable rates obtained on recent commercial agreements with MadHive. This gain resulted in a contract asset which was recognized in January 2022 and is being amortized over two years (through December 2023). See Note 11 for additional details. 55 NOTE 4 – Income taxes The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands): 2022 Federal State and other Total 2021 Federal State and other Total 2020 Federal State and other Total Current Deferred Total 161,438 $ 23,456 184,894 $ 13,435 $ 4,041 17,476 $ 174,873 27,497 202,370 Current Deferred Total 114,255 $ 11,310 125,565 $ 15,400 $ (5,484) 9,916 $ 129,655 5,826 135,481 Current Deferred Total 123,882 $ 21,878 145,760 $ 4,532 $ 4,001 8,533 $ 128,414 25,879 154,293 $ $ $ $ $ $ Income before income taxes attributable to TEGNA Inc. consists entirely of domestic income. The provision for income taxes varies from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate as a result of the following differences: U.S. statutory tax rate Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: State taxes (net of federal income tax benefit) Uncertain tax positions, settlements and lapse of statutes of limitations Valuation allowance on equity method investment Other valuation allowances, tax rate changes, & deferred adjustments Non-deductible transaction costs Net excess benefits or expense on share-based payments Other, net Effective tax rate 2022 21.0% 2.7 — 0.6 (0.6) 0.5 (0.3) 0.4 24.3% 2021 21.0% 2.6 0.3 — (1.7) 0.1 (0.2) — 22.1% 2020 21.0% 3.3 (0.1) 0.4 (0.1) — (0.1) (0.2) 24.2% Deferred income taxes reflect temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for tax reporting and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are adjusted for changes in tax laws or tax rates of the various tax jurisdictions as of the enacted date. 56 Deferred tax liabilities and assets were composed of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Deferred tax liabilities Accelerated amortization of deductible intangibles Accelerated depreciation Right-of-use assets for operating leases Other Total deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Accrued compensation costs Pension and post-retirement medical and life Loss carryforwards Operating lease liabilities Other Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Total net deferred tax liabilities Dec. 31, 2022 2021 540,260 $ 67,278 19,467 4,183 631,188 23,439 20,775 12,537 20,403 24,242 101,396 26,339 556,131 $ 534,438 67,697 21,648 3,792 627,575 24,147 17,400 31,841 22,582 25,160 121,130 41,929 548,374 $ $ As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $5.1 million of state net operating loss carryovers that, if not utilized, will expire in various amounts beginning in 2023 through 2041 in addition to $1.8 million of federal and $9.1 million of state interest disallowance carryforwards that do not expire. Included in total deferred tax assets are valuation allowances of approximately $26.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and $41.9 million as of December 31, 2021, primarily related to minority investments, federal and state interest disallowance carryforwards, accrued compensation costs, state net operating loss carryforwards, and state capital loss carryforwards. This $15.6 million change in valuation allowance is primarily the result of federal and state capital loss carryforwards expiring on December 31, 2022 and accounted for $14.3 million of the decrease. The capital loss carryforward deferred tax asset and associated valuation allowance were both reduced in equal amounts for the expired tax attribute. If, in the future, we believe that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets with valuation allowances recorded against them will be realized, the valuation allowances will be reversed in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Realization of deferred tax assets for which valuation allowances have not been established is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income. We expect to realize the benefit of these deferred tax assets through future reversals of our deferred tax liabilities, through the recognition of taxable income in the allowable carryback and carryforward periods, and through implementation of future tax planning strategies. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that all deferred tax assets for which valuation allowances have not been established will be realized. The following table summarizes the activity related to deferred tax asset valuation allowances (in thousands): Beginning at beginning of period Additions to valuation allowance Reductions to valuation allowance Balance at the end of the period Tax Matters Agreements 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 41,929 $ 7,228 (22,818) 26,339 $ 43,467 $ 6,108 (7,646) 41,929 $ 45,661 3,719 (5,913) 43,467 Prior to the May 31, 2017 spin-off of the Cars.com business, we entered into a Tax Matters Agreement with Cars.com Inc. that governs each company’s respective rights, responsibilities, and obligations with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, tax contests and other matters regarding income taxes, non-income taxes and related tax returns. The agreement provides that we will generally indemnify Cars.com against taxes attributable to assets or operations for all tax periods or portions thereof prior to the spin-off date including separately-filed U.S. federal, state, and foreign taxes. Our 2017 tax year is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the relevant federal statute of limitations remains open until November 30, 2023. 57 Uncertain Tax Positions The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, excluding the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions (in thousands): Change in unrecognized tax benefits Balance at beginning of year Additions for tax positions of prior years Settlements Reductions due to lapse of statutes of limitations Balance as of end of year 2022 2021 2020 $ $ 8,196 $ — (9) (462) 7,725 $ 7,435 $ 1,363 — (602) 8,196 $ 8,050 630 — (1,245) 7,435 The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate was $6.4 million as of December 31, 2022, and $6.8 million as of December 31, 2021. This amount includes the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. We also recognize interest income attributable to overpayment of income taxes and from the reversal of interest expense previously recorded for uncertain tax positions which are subsequently released as a component of income tax expense. We recognized expense from interest for uncertain tax positions of $0.2 million in 2022 and $0.7 million in 2021. We did not recognize income or expense in 2020. The amount of accrued interest expense and penalties payable related to unrecognized tax benefits was $0.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021. We file income tax returns in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions. The 2016 through 2022 tax years remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state authorities. Tax years before 2016 remain subject to examination by certain states due to ongoing audits. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of our unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease within the next 12 months. These changes may be the result of settlement of ongoing audits, lapses of statutes of limitations or other regulatory developments. At this time, we estimate the amount of our gross unrecognized tax positions may decrease by up to approximately $2.1 million within the next 12 months primarily due to lapses of statutes of limitations and settlement of ongoing audits in various jurisdictions. 58 NOTE 5 – Long-term debt Our long-term debt is summarized below (in thousands): Borrowings under revolving credit facility expiring August 2024 Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.75% due March 2026 Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.75% due June 2027 Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 7.25% due September 2027 Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 4.625% due March 2028 Unsecured notes bearing fixed rate interest at 5.00% due September 2029 Total principal long-term debt Debt issuance costs Unamortized premiums and discounts, net Total long-term debt Dec. 31, 2022 2021 $ $ — $ 550,000 200,000 240,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 3,090,000 (26,911) 6,227 3,069,316 $ 166,000 550,000 200,000 240,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 3,256,000 (31,378) 7,348 3,231,970 As of December 31, 2022, we had unused borrowing capacity of $1.49 billion under our $1.51 billion revolving credit facility, which expires in August 2024. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our debt agreements and credit facility, including the leverage ratio (our one financial covenant) contained in our debt agreements and revolving credit facility. We believe, based on our current financial forecasts and trends, that we will remain compliant with all covenants for the foreseeable future. Under our revolving credit facility we have the ability to draw loans based on two different interest rate indices, one of which is LIBOR based. We are able to draw LIBOR-based loans based on one month, three month, six month and twelve month durations originated through June 2023. We are working with our lenders to establish alternative interest rate measurements for periods subsequent to June 2023. Our debt maturities may be repaid with cash flow from operating activities, accessing capital markets or a combination of both. The following schedule discloses annual maturities of the principal amount of total debt due (in thousands): Repayment schedule of principal long-term debt as of Dec. 31, 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total $ $ — — — 550,000 440,000 2,100,000 3,090,000 59 NOTE 6 – Retirement plans We have various defined benefit retirement plans. Our principal defined benefit pension plan is the TEGNA Retirement Plan (TRP). The disclosure tables presented below primarily include the assets and obligations of the TRP and the TEGNA Supplemental Retirement Plan (SERP). We use a December 31 measurement date convention for our retirement plans. Pension costs, which primarily include costs for our qualified TRP and non-qualified SERP, are presented in the following table (in thousands): Service cost-benefits earned during the period Interest cost on benefit obligation Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service cost Amortization of actuarial loss Pension payment timing related charge Expense for (income from) company-sponsored retirement plans 2022 2021 2020 $ $ — $ 16,830 (19,502) 90 4,583 300 2,301 $ 2 $ 15,887 (34,679) 90 4,952 946 (12,802) $ 7 19,487 (31,058) 90 6,207 — (5,267) Benefits no longer accrue for TRP and SERP participants as a result of amendments to the plans in the past years and as such we no longer incur a service cost component of pension expense. All other components of our pension expense presented above are included within the “Other non-operating items, net” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following table provides a reconciliation of pension benefit obligations (on a projected benefit obligation measurement basis), plan assets and funded status of company-sponsored retirement plans, along with the related amounts that are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). (1) $ Change in benefit obligations Benefit obligations as of beginning of year Service cost Interest cost Actuarial gains Benefits paid Settlements Benefit obligations as of end of year Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets as of beginning of year Actual (losses) gains experienced by plan assets Employer contributions Benefits paid Settlements Fair value of plan assets as of end of year Funded status as of end of year Amounts recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets Accrued liabilities other—current Pension liabilities—non-current (1) related charges are incurred, and the lump sum payments prompting the charge are shown on a separate line from other benefit payments. $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) Dec. 31, 2022 2021 605,834 $ — 16,830 (119,462) (36,943) (1,950) 464,309 $ 541,758 $ (123,648) 5,788 (36,943) (1,950) 385,005 $ (79,304) $ (5,620) $ (73,684) $ 646,662 2 15,887 (18,246) (35,874) (2,597) 605,834 552,996 20,896 6,337 (35,874) (2,597) 541,758 (64,076) (6,013) (58,063) Settlements represent lump sum benefit payments to certain SERP plan participants. When aggregate lump sums exceed the settlement threshold, pension payment timing The actuarial gain in 2022 of $119.5 million was primarily due to an increase in the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligations (which increased from 2.89% at December 31, 2021 to 5.50% as of December 31, 2022) which resulted in an actuarial gain of $120.1 million. The actuarial gain in 2021 of $18.2 million was primarily due to increase in the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligations (which increased from 2.54% at December 31, 2020 to 2.89% as of December 31, 2021) which resulted in an actuarial gain of $22.1 million. 60 The funded status (on a projected benefit obligation basis) of our principal retirement plans as of December 31, 2022, is as follows (in thousands): (1) TRP SERP All other Total (1) The SERP is an unfunded, unsecured liability. Fair Value of Plan Assets Benefit Obligation Funded Status $ $ 385,005 $ — — 385,005 $ 417,950 $ 46,048 311 464,309 $ (32,945) (46,048) (311) (79,304) The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $464.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and $605.8 million as of December 31, 2021. No contributions to the TRP were required nor made in 2021 and 2022. We made payments to participants of unfunded pension plans, principally the SERP, of $5.8 million in 2022. Based on actuarial projections, we do not expect to make any contributions to the TRP in 2023. Cash payments of $5.5 million are expected to be made to our SERP participants in 2023. The following table presents information for our retirement plans for which accumulated benefit obligation exceed assets (in thousands): Accumulated benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Dec. 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 464,309 $ 385,005 $ 605,817 541,758 The following table presents information for our retirement plans for which projected benefit obligations exceed assets (in thousands): Projected benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Dec. 31, 2022 2021 $ $ 464,309 $ 385,005 $ 605,834 541,758 The following table summarizes the pre-tax amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss that have not yet been recognized as a component of pension expense (in thousands): Net actuarial losses Prior service cost Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss Dec. 31, 2022 2021 $ $ (167,502) $ (1,526) (169,028) $ (148,696) (1,617) (150,313) Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), pre-tax, consist of the following (in thousands): Current year net actuarial (loss) gain Amortization of actuarial loss Amortization of previously deferred prior service costs Pension payment timing related charges Total 2022 2021 2020 $ $ (23,688) $ 4,583 90 300 (18,715) $ 4,463 $ 4,952 90 946 10,451 $ 23,597 6,207 91 — 29,895 Pension costs: The following assumptions were used to determine net pension costs: Discount rate Expected return on plan assets 2022 2.89% 3.75% 2021 2.54% 6.50% 2020 3.29% 6.75% The expected return on plan assets assumption was determined based on plan asset allocations, a review of historical capital market performance, historical plan asset performance and a forecast of expected future plan asset returns. 61 Benefit obligations and funded status: The following assumptions were used to determine the year-end benefit obligations: Discount rate Dec. 31, 2022 5.50% 2021 2.89% Plan assets: The asset allocation for the TRP as of the end of 2022 and 2021, and target allocations for 2023, by asset category, are presented in the table below: Equity securities Debt securities Other (including hedge funds and private real estate) Total Target Allocation 2023 Allocation of Plan Assets 2021 2022 14 % 86 % — % 100 % 14 % 86 % — % 100 % 10 % 86 % 4 % 100 % The primary objective of company-sponsored retirement plans is to provide eligible employees with scheduled pension benefits. Consistent with standards for preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity, the goal is to earn the highest possible total rate of return while minimizing risk. The principal means of reducing volatility and exercising prudent investment judgment is diversification by asset class and by investment manager; consequently, portfolios are constructed to attain diversification in the total portfolio, and each asset class. Investment diversification is consistent with the intent to minimize the risk of large losses. All objectives are based upon an investment horizon spanning five years so that interim market fluctuations can be viewed with the appropriate perspective. Risk characteristics are measured and compared with an appropriate benchmark quarterly; periodic reviews are made of the investment objectives and the investment managers. The target asset allocation represents the long-term perspective. Retirement plan assets will be rebalanced periodically to align them with the target asset allocations. Target asset allocations are based on the funded status of the TRP (fair value of pension assets as a percentage of the projected pension obligation). During 2022, the target allocation was 14% for equity securities and 86% for debt securities. In early 2022, we switched our investment portfolio from being mostly actively managed to a passive (or indexed) investment strategy. Our actual investment return on our TRP assets was (23.0)% for 2022, 4.5% for 2021 and 23.5% for 2020. Cash flows: We estimate we will make the following benefit payments from either retirement plan assets or directly from our funds (in thousands): 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 through 2032 $ $ $ $ $ $ 50,145 39,405 39,884 39,473 38,829 179,115 401(k) savings plan Substantially all our employees (other than those covered by a collective bargaining agreement) are eligible to participate in our principal defined contribution plan, The TEGNA 401(k) Savings Plan. Employees can elect to contribute up to 50% of their compensation to the plan subject to certain limits. For most participants, the plan’s 2022 matching formula is 100% of the first 4% of compensation that an employee contributes. We also make additional employer contributions on behalf of certain long-term employees. Compensation expense related to 401(k) contributions was $18.7 million in 2022, $17.1 million in 2021 and $16.5 million in 2020. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, we settled the 401(k) employer match obligation by issuing our common stock from treasury stock and depositing it in the participants’ accounts. Multi-employer plan We contribute to the AFTRA Retirement Plan (AFTRA Plan), a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan, under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements (CBA) that cover certain union-represented employees. The Employee Identification Number (EIN) and three-digit plan number of the AFTRA Plan is 13-6414972/001. The AFTRA Plan reports for plan year (December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021) that the AFTRA Plan was neither in endangered, critical, or critical and declining status in the Plan Year (e.g. 79% funded). A financial improvement plan or a rehabilitation plan is neither pending nor has one been implemented for the AFTRA Plan. 62 We make all required contributions to the AFTRA plan as determined under the respective CBAs. We contributed $2.7 million in 2022 and $2.9 million in 2021 and $2.4 million in 2020. Our contribution to the AFTRA Retirement Plan represented less than 5% of total contributions to the plan. This calculation is based on the plan financial statements issued for the period ending November 30, 2021. Expiration dates of the CBAs in place range from May 16, 2023 to June 16, 2025. The AFTRA Plan has elected to utilize special amortization provisions provided under the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010. We incurred no expenses for multi-employer withdrawal liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. NOTE 7 - Leases We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at the agreement’s inception. Our portfolio of leases primarily consists of leases for the use of corporate offices, station facilities, equipment and for antenna/transmitter sites. Our lease portfolio consists entirely of operating leases, with most of our leases having remaining terms of less than 15 years. Operating lease balances are included in our right-of-use assets for operating leases, other accrued liabilities and operating lease liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease liabilities are calculated as of the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. Our lease agreements often contain lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance or other executory costs). We include the non-lease payments in the calculation of our lease liabilities to the extent they are either fixed or included within the fixed base rental payments. Some of our leases include variable lease components (e.g., rent increases based on the consumer price index) and variable non-lease components, which are expensed as they are incurred. Such variable costs are not material. The interest rate implicit in our lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As a result, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of future payments, which reflects the fixed rate at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments for a similar term. The operating lease right-of-use asset as of the lease commencement date is calculated based on the amount of the operating lease liability, less any lease incentive. Some of our lease agreements include options to renew for additional terms or provide us with the ability terminate the lease early. In determining the term of the lease, we consider whether or not we are reasonably certain to exercise these options. Lease expense for fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The following table presents lease related assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): Assets Right-of-use assets for operating leases Liabilities 1 Operating lease liabilities (current) Operating lease liabilities (non-current) Total operating lease liabilities Dec. 31, 2022 2021 78,448 $ 87,279 11,491 $ 79,503 90,994 $ 11,867 88,970 100,837 $ $ $ (1) Current operating lease liabilities are included within the other accrued liabilities line item of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term for our lease portfolio was 8.4 years and the weighted average discount rate used to calculate the present value of our lease liabilities was 5.0%. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recognized lease expense of $16.7 million, $17.8 million, and $18.0 million respectively. In addition, in 2022, 2021 and 2020, we made cash payments for operating leases of $17.6 million, $18.5 million and $17.1 million, respectively, which are included in cash flows from operating activities on Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. 63 The table below reconciles future lease payments for each of the next five years and remaining years thereafter, in aggregate, to the lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Future Period 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total lease payments Less: amount of lease payments representing interest Present value of lease liabilities Cash Payments 16,867 15,163 12,661 11,880 11,660 46,583 114,814 23,820 90,994 $ $ NOTE 8 – Fair value measurement We measure and record certain assets and liabilities at fair value in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. U.S. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy for those instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and our own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels: Level 1 – Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3 – Unobservable inputs developed using our own estimates and assumptions, which reflect those that a market participant would use. Equity investments in private companies that we do not significantly influence are recorded at cost, less impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment. In 2022, we recorded a $2.5 million impairment charge due to the decline in the fair value of one of our investments. The fair value was determined using a market approach which was based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and thus represented a Level 3 fair value measurement. In 2021, we recognized a $1.9 million gain on one such investment and a $1.9 million impairment charge on another, which related to fair value changes. These adjustments were a result of observable price changes in their fair values (Level 2). In 2021, we recorded an unrealized gain of $20.8 million due to the increase in the fair value of an available-for-sale debt security, which included features that allow us to convert the investment into equity ownership upon the occurrence of certain events. The fair value of the available for sale debt security was determined to be $23.8 million. The valuation utilized a market based fair value approach relying on observable market data (Level 3). The unrealized gain was initially recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet until it was realized in 2022 and recorded as a gain in the Consolidated Statement of Income. We additionally hold other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and long-term debt. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of our total long-term debt, determined based on the bid and ask quotes for the related debt (Level 2), totaled $2.95 billion as of December 31, 2022 and $3.40 billion as of December 31, 2021. The below fair value tables relate to our TRP pension plan assets (in thousands): Pension Plan Assets Fair value measurement as of Dec. 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Pension plan investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient: Common collective trust - equities Common collective trust - fixed income Partnership/joint venture interests Total fair value of plan assets 64 $ $ 54,917 329,821 267 385,005 Fair value measurement as of Dec. 31, 2021 Assets: Cash and other Corporate stock Interest in registered investment companies $ Total Pension plan investments valued using net asset value as a practical expedient: Common collective trust - equities Common collective trust - fixed income Hedge fund Partnership/joint venture interests Total fair value of plan assets $ Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total 544 $ 25,324 6,239 32,107 $ — $ — — — $ — $ — — — $ $ $ 544 25,324 6,239 32,107 22,356 465,842 19,156 2,297 541,758 Valuation methodologies used for TRP pension assets measured at fair value in 2021 and 2022 are as follows: Corporate stock classified as Level 1 was valued primarily at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded. These investments were liquidated in 2022. Interest in registered investment companies was valued using the published net asset values as quoted through publicly available pricing sources. These investments were redeemable on request. Investments were liquidated in 2022. Interest in common/collective trusts are valued using the net asset value as provided monthly by the investment manager or fund company. As of December 31, 2022, there were primarily five investments in collective trusts of which four are fixed income funds, whose strategy is to use individual subfunds to efficiently add a representative sample of securities in individual market sectors to the portfolio. The remaining collective fund is invested in equity securities. The strategy of the fund is to generate returns predominantly from developed equity markets. The collective funds are generally redeemable with a short-term written or verbal notice. There are no unfunded commitments related to these types of funds. Investments in partnerships are valued at the net asset value of our investment in the fund as reported by the fund managers. The Plan held investments in two partnerships in 2021. One partnership’s strategy is to generate returns through real estate-related investments. Certain distributions are received from this fund as the underlying assets are liquidated. The other partnership’s strategy was to generate returns through investment in developing equity markets. This fund was redeemable with a 30-day notice, subject to a withdrawal charge to 0.45% of the amount redeemed, and was redeemed in 2022. Future funding commitments to our real estate partnership investments totaled $0.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2021, pension plan assets included a hedge fund of funds whose objective was to produce a return that is uncorrelated with market movements. Investments in the hedge fund were valued at the net asset value as reported by the fund managers. Shares in the hedge fund are generally redeemable twice a year or on the last business day of each quarter with at least 95 days written notice subject to a potential 5% holdback. There are no unfunded commitments related to the hedge funds. These investments were liquidated in 2022. We review audited financial statements and additional investor information to evaluate fair value estimates from our investment managers or fund administrator. Our policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between levels during the year. NOTE 9 – Shareholders’ equity As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, our authorized capital was comprised of 800 million shares of common stock and 2 million shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity of TEGNA included 223.4 million shares that were outstanding (net of 101.0 million shares of common stock held in treasury). As of December 31, 2021, shareholders’ equity of TEGNA included 221.4 million shares that were outstanding (net of 103.0 million shares of common stock held in treasury). No shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 or 2021. Capital stock and earnings per share We report earnings per share on two bases, basic and diluted. All basic income per share amounts are based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The calculation of diluted earnings per share also considers the assumed dilution from the issuance of performance shares and restricted stock units and exercise of stock options. 65 Our earnings per share (basic and diluted) for 2022, 2021, and 2020 are presented below (in thousands, except per share amounts): Net income Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value Earnings available to common shareholders Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic Effect of dilutive securities Restricted stock Performance share units Stock options Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted Earnings per share - basic Earnings per share - diluted 2022 2021 2020 631,198 $ (729) (560) 629,909 $ 478,197 $ (1,242) 46 477,001 $ 482,763 15 (948) 481,830 223,652 221,504 219,232 535 299 — 224,486 736 230 1 222,471 2.82 $ 2.15 $ 2.81 $ 2.14 $ 246 254 1 219,733 2.20 2.19 $ $ $ $ Our calculation of diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effects for the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units and performance share units. Share repurchase program In December 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of our common stock over the next three years. From 2020 through 2022, no shares were repurchased. Certain of the shares we previously acquired have been reissued in settlement of employee stock awards. As a result of the announcement of the Merger Agreement on February 22, 2022, we have suspended share repurchases under this program. Stock-Based Compensation Plans In May 2001, our shareholders approved the adoption of the 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan. This plan was amended and restated as of May 4, 2010, to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance to 60.0 million shares of our common stock. In April 2020, our shareholders approved the adoption of the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the Plan). The Plan reserved the issuance of an additional 20.0 million shares or our common stock. The Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), performance share units, performance share awards, and other equity-based and cash-based awards. Awards may be granted to our employees and members of the Board of Directors. The Plan provides that shares of common stock subject to awards granted become available again for issuance if such awards are canceled or forfeited. Performance share program - The Leadership Development and Compensation Committee (LDCC) of the Board of Directors has established a long-term incentive performance share program for our executives under the Plan. The number of shares earned under the performance share awards (PSAs) program is determined based on the achievement of certain financial performance criteria (adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow as a percent of revenue as defined by the PSA agreement) over a two-year cumulative financial performance period. If the financial performance criteria are met and certified by the LDCC, the shares earned under the PSA will be subject to an additional one year service period before the common stock is released to the employees. The PSAs do not pay dividends or allow voting rights during the three-year incentive period. Therefore, the fair value of the PSA is the quoted market value of our stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant performance period. The PSA provides the LDCC with limited discretion to make adjustments to the financial targets to ensure consistent year-to-year comparison for the performance criteria. For expense recognition, in the period it becomes probable that the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA will be achieved, we recognize expense, net of estimated forfeitures, for the proportionate share of the total fair value of the shares subject to the PSA related to the vesting period that has already lapsed. Each reporting period during the two-year performance period, we adjust the fair value of the PSAs to the quoted market value of our stock price. In the event we determine it is no longer probable that we will achieve the minimum performance criteria specified in the PSA, we reverse all of the previously recognized compensation expense in the period such a determination is made. RSU program - We also issue stock-based compensation to employees in the form of RSUs. These awards generally entitle employees to receive at the end of a specified vesting period one share of common stock for each RSU granted, conditioned on continued employment for the relevant vesting period. RSUs vest 25% per year and settle annually. RSUs do not pay dividends or confer voting rights in respect of the underlying common stock during the vesting period. RSUs are valued based on the fair 66 value of our common stock on the date of grant less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant vesting period. The fair value of the RSU, less estimated forfeitures, is recognized as compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. We generally grant both RSUs and performance share awards annually to employees on March 1. Stock-based Compensation Expense: The following table shows the stock-based compensation related amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for equity awards (in thousands): RSUs PSAs Total stock-based compensation Total income tax benefit Stock-based compensation net of tax 2022 2021 2020 16,182 $ 14,299 30,481 10,744 19,737 $ 12,806 $ 18,709 31,515 8,082 23,433 $ 11,686 8,620 20,306 4,297 16,009 $ $ RSUs: As of December 31, 2022, there was $26.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and RSUs. This amount will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures and recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. A summary of RSU awards is presented below: RSU Activity Unvested at beginning of year Granted Vested Canceled Unvested at end of year 2022 2021 2020 Shares 2,842,288 $ 949,022 (1,118,395) (129,183) 2,543,732 $ Weighted average fair value 15.11 21.90 14.62 16.39 17.80 Shares 2,614,654 $ 1,282,636 (899,282) (155,720) 2,842,288 $ Weighted average fair value 13.09 17.83 13.21 14.56 15.11 Shares 2,132,936 $ 1,416,300 (738,159) (196,423) 2,614,654 $ Weighted average fair value 13.22 13.39 14.03 13.14 13.09 PSAs: As of December 31, 2022, there was $6.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested PSAs (holding valuation inputs as of December 31, 2022 constant). This amount will be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. A summary for the PSAs activity is presented below: PSAs Activity Unvested at beginning of year Granted Vested Canceled Unvested at end of year 2022 2021 2020 Target number of shares Weighted average fair value Target number of shares Weighted average fair value Target number of shares Weighted average fair value 1,015,433 $ 484,781 (503,844) (10,266) 986,104 $ 15.04 21.80 15.26 17.09 18.18 1,142,879 $ 553,090 (646,635) (33,901) 1,015,433 $ 12.87 17.48 13.22 14.20 15.04 698,482 $ 673,127 (151,511) (77,219) 1,142,879 $ 12.26 13.47 13.40 12.50 12.87 67 Accumulated other comprehensive loss The elements of our Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL) principally consisted of pension, retiree medical and life insurance liabilities, foreign currency translation and an unrealized gain on our available-for-sale investment. The following tables summarize the components of, and changes in AOCL, net of tax (in thousands): 2022 Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive (loss) gain before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCL Balance at end of year 2021 Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCL Balance at end of year 2020 Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications Amounts reclassified from AOCL Balance at end of year Retirement Plans $ (113,090) $ (16,288) 3,313 (126,065) $ $ $ Retirement Plans $ (120,979) $ 3,316 4,573 (113,090) $ Foreign Currency Translation (1) Available-For-Sale Investment Total 455 $ 77 — 532 $ 15,419 $ — (15,419) — $ (97,216) (16,211) (12,106) (125,533) Foreign Currency Translation (1) Available-For-Sale Investment Total (97) $ 552 — 455 $ — $ 15,419 — 15,419 $ (121,076) 19,287 4,573 (97,216) Retirement Plans $ (142,398) $ 16,779 4,640 (120,979) $ $ Foreign Currency Translation (1) Total (199) $ 102 — (97) $ (142,597) 16,881 4,640 (121,076) (1) Our entire foreign currency translation adjustment is related to our CareerBuilder investment. We record our share of foreign currency translation adjustments through our equity method investment. AOCL components are included in the computation of net periodic post-retirement costs which include pension costs discussed in Note 6 and our other post-retirement benefits (health care and life insurance benefits). Reclassifications out of AOCL related to these post-retirement plans included the following (in thousands): Amortization of prior service credit Amortization of actuarial loss Realized gain on available-for-sale investment Pension payment timing related charges Total reclassifications, before tax Income tax effect Total reclassifications, net of tax 2022 2021 2020 $ $ (481) $ 4,639 (20,800) 300 (16,342) 4,236 (12,106) $ (481) $ 5,698 — 946 6,163 (1,590) 4,573 $ (481) 6,690 — — 6,209 (1,569) 4,640 NOTE 10 – Spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net As events occur, or circumstances change, we may recognize non-cash impairment charges to reduce the book value of intangible and other long-lived assets or to record charges (gains) related to spectrum repacking reimbursements and other efforts, or unique events. 68 A summary of these items by year (pre-tax basis) is presented below (in thousands): Reimbursement of spectrum repacking Property and equipment impairments Intangible asset impairments charges Contract termination and other costs related to national sales Total spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net 2022 2021 2020 (323) $ — — — (323) $ (4,942) $ 1,095 — 1,540 (2,307) $ (13,180) — 3,225 — (9,955) $ $ Reimbursement of spectrum repacking: Some of our stations have had to purchase new equipment in order to comply with the FCC spectrum repacking initiative. As part of this initiative, the FCC is reimbursing companies for costs incurred to comply with the new requirements. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, we received $0.3 million, $4.9 million, $13.2 million of such reimbursements, respectively, which we have recorded as contra expense. All of our repacked stations have completed their transitions to their new channels. Property and equipment impairments: During 2021, we recorded $1.1 million of impairment charges associated with the disposal of operating assets at several of our television stations. Intangible asset impairments charges: In 2020, as a result of our annual impairment analysis we determined that a radio FCC license experienced a decline in value which resulted in a $1.1 million impairment charge. Also in 2020, we recognized a $2.1 million impairment charge in connection with eliminating the use of the Justice Network brand name and re-establishing the business under a new brand name called True Crime Network. Contract termination and other costs related to national sales: In 2021, we incurred a $1.5 million charge associated with contract termination and other incremental transition costs related to bringing our national sales organization in-house. Prior to the transition we utilized a third party national marketing representation firm for our national television advertising. NOTE 11 – Other matters Litigation In the third quarter of 2018, certain national media outlets reported the existence of a confidential investigation by the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division (DOJ) into the local television advertising sales practices of station owners. We received a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) in connection with the DOJ’s investigation. On November 13 and December 13, 2018, the DOJ and seven other broadcasters settled a DOJ complaint alleging the exchange of competitively sensitive information in the broadcast television industry. In June 2019, we and four other broadcasters entered into a substantially identical agreement with DOJ, which was entered by the court on December 3, 2019. The settlement contains no finding of wrongdoing or liability and carries no penalty. It prohibits us and the other settling entities from sharing certain confidential business information, or using such information pertaining to other broadcasters, except under limited circumstances. The settlement also requires the settling parties to make certain enhancements to their antitrust compliance programs, to continue to cooperate with the DOJ’s investigation, and to permit DOJ to verify compliance. We do not expect the costs of compliance to be material. Since the national media reports, numerous putative class action lawsuits were filed against owners of television stations (the Advertising Cases) in different jurisdictions. Plaintiffs are a class consisting of all persons and entities in the United States who paid for all or a portion of advertisement time on local television provided by the defendants. The Advertising Cases assert antitrust and other claims and seek monetary damages, attorneys’ fees, costs and interest, as well as injunctions against the allegedly wrongful conduct. These cases were consolidated into a single proceeding in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, captioned In re: Local TV Advertising Antitrust Litigation on October 3, 2018. At the court’s direction, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on April 3, 2019, that superseded the original complaints. Although we were named as a defendant in sixteen of the original complaints, the amended complaint did not name TEGNA as a defendant. After TEGNA and four other broadcasters entered into consent decrees with the DOJ in June 2019, the plaintiffs sought leave from the court to further amend the complaint to add TEGNA and the other settling broadcasters to the proceeding. The court granted the plaintiffs’ motion, and the plaintiffs filed the second amended complaint on September 9, 2019. On October 8, 2019, the defendants jointly filed a motion to dismiss the matter. On November 6, 2020, the court denied the motion to dismiss. On March 16, 2022, the plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint, which, among other things, added ShareBuilders, Inc., as a named defendant. ShareBuilders filed a motion to dismiss on April 15, 2022, which was granted by the court without prejudice on August 29, 2022. TEGNA has filed its answer to the third amended complaint denying any violation of law and asserting various affirmative defenses. We believe that the claims asserted in the Advertising Cases are without merit, and intend to defend vigorously against them. 69 Litigation Relating to the Merger As of February 27, 2023, seven lawsuits have been filed by purported TEGNA stockholders in connection with the Merger. The lawsuits have been filed against TEGNA and the current members of the Board of Directors of TEGNA (the Board of Directors). The complaints generally allege that the preliminary proxy statement filed by TEGNA with the SEC on March 25, 2022 in connection with the Merger contained alleged material misstatements and/or omissions in violation of federal law. Plaintiffs in the complaints generally seek, among other things, to enjoin TEGNA from consummating the Merger, or in the alternative, rescission of the Merger and/or compensatory damages, as well as attorneys’ fees. As of February 27, 2023, all but one of those lawsuits have been voluntarily dismissed. In addition, as of February 27, 2023, TEGNA received four demand letters from purported TEGNA shareholders in connection with TEGNA’s filing of a definitive proxy statement with the SEC on April 13, 2022 relating to the Merger (the “definitive proxy statement”). Each letter alleged deficiencies in the definitive proxy statement that were similar to the deficiencies alleged in the complaints referenced above. We believe that the claims asserted in the complaints and letters described above are without merit and no additional disclosures were or are required under applicable law. However, to moot the unmeritorious disclosure claims, to avoid the risks of the actions described above delaying or adversely affecting the Merger and to minimize the costs, risks and uncertainties inherent in litigation, without admitting any liability or wrongdoing, TEGNA voluntarily made supplemental disclosures to the definitive proxy statement as described in the Form 8-K filed by TEGNA with the SEC on May 9, 2022. Additional lawsuits arising out of the Merger may also be filed in the future. We, along with a number of our subsidiaries, also are defendants in other judicial and administrative proceedings involving matters incidental to our business. We do not believe that any material liability will be imposed as a result of any of the foregoing matters. Commitments: The following table summarizes the expected cash outflow related to our commitments related to programming contracts that are not recorded on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. Such obligations include future payments related to network affiliation agreements and commitments to purchase syndicated television programming that will be produced in the future. Certain network affiliation agreements include variable fee components which have been reflected in the table below based the minimum known amounts that we are obligated to pay. The aggregate programming commitments of $2.83 billion at December 31, 2022 compares to $1.35 billion at December 31, 2021. The increase in the aggregate commitments is mainly due to the CBS and FOX affiliation agreements which were renewed in 2022. The table below lists programming contract commitments by year for each of the next five years all years thereafter in aggregate (in thousands): Year 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter Total Programming Contracts 862,534 417,141 397,708 377,558 397,951 380,925 2,833,817 $ $ See Note 7 for further information on our lease commitments. Major Customers: Customers that purchase our advertising and marketing services are comprised of local, regional, and national advertisers across our markets. Our subscription revenue customers include cable operators and satellite providers that pay us to carry our programming. In 2022, two customers purchased both advertising and marketing services and paid us compensation related to retransmission consent agreements, which in the aggregate represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues in 2022. These customers represented $416.3 million and $387.3 million of consolidated revenue in the year ended December 31, 2022. In 2021, we had two major customers that purchased more than 10% of our revenue with $410.8 million and $399.7 million while we had one customer that purchased more than 10% of our revenue with $393.4 million in 2020. Related Party Transactions: We have equity investments in MadHive which is a related party of TEGNA. In addition to our investments, we also have commercial agreements with MadHive where they support our Premion business in acquiring OTT advertising inventory, as well as delivering and tracking the ad impressions. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we incurred expenses of $121.1 million as a result of the commercial agreements with MadHive. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred $80.3 million and $55.1 million of expenses respectively, under the commercial agreements. These expenses are recorded as “Cost of revenue” on our Consolidated Statement of Income. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had accounts payable and accrued liabilities associated with the MadHive commercial agreements of $10.0 million and $8.9 million, respectively. 70 In December 2021, we renewed our two existing commercial agreements with MadHive. Simultaneously with the commercial agreement renewals, we also amended the terms of our then outstanding available-for-sale convertible debt security that we held as discussed in Note 3. In exchange for the convertible debt modifications, we received favorable terms in our renewed commercial agreements. We estimated the fair value of our available-for-sale security at December 31, 2021 using a market fair value approach based on the cash we expect to receive upon maturity of the note and the estimated cash savings that the favorable contract terms will provide over the term of the commercial agreements. In January 2022, we recorded an intangible contract asset for $20.8 million (equal to the estimated cash savings), and are amortizing this asset on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable term of the commercial agreements of two years. This non-cash expense is recorded within “Cost of revenues,” within our Consolidated Statement of Income. The debt matured in June 2022 at which time the principal balance of $3.0 million plus accrued interest was paid to us. 71 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this annual report. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There have been no material changes in our internal controls or in other factors during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS None. 72 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE We incorporate by reference the information appearing under “Your Board of Directors,” “The TEGNA Nominees,” “Committees of the Board of Directors,” “Committee Charters” and “Ethics Policy” under the heading “Proposal 1 – Election of Directors” in our 2023 proxy statement, or if the 2023 proxy statement is not filed within 120 days after December 31, 2022, then we will include such information in a Form 10-K/A we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) within such timeframe. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION We incorporate by reference the information appearing under “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Outstanding Director Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” AND “Proposal 1–Election of Directors – Related Transactions” in our 2023 proxy statement, or if the 2023 proxy statement is not filed within 120 days after December 31, 2022, then we will include such information in a Form 10-K/A we will file with the SEC within such timeframe. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS We incorporate by reference the information appearing under “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Securities Beneficially Owned by Directors, Executive Officers and Principal Shareholders” in our 2023 proxy statement, or if the 2023 proxy statement is not filed within 120 days after December 31, 2022, then we will include such information in a Form 10-K/A we will file with the SEC within such timeframe. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE We incorporate by reference the information appearing under “Director Nominees” under the heading “2023 Proxy Statement Summary: Snapshot of 2023 Director Nominees” and “Related Transactions” under the heading “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” in our 2023 proxy statement, or if the 2023 proxy statement is not filed within 120 days after December 31, 2022, then we will include such information in a Form 10-K/A we will file with the SEC within such timeframe. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES We incorporate by reference the information appearing under “Report of the Audit Committee” in our 2023 proxy statement, or if the 2023 proxy statement is not filed within 120 days after December 31, 2022, then we will include such information in a Form 10-K/A we will file with the SEC within such timeframe. 73 PART IV ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES (a) Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits. (1) Financial Statements. Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Consolidated Statements of Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial Statement Schedules. All schedules are omitted as the required information is not applicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes. (3) Exhibits. 74 EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit Number Exhibit 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 10-1 10-1-1 10-1-2 10-1-3 10-2 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 22, 2022, by and among TEGNA Inc., Teton Parent Corp., Teton Merger Corp., and solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, Community News Media LLC, CNM Television Holdings I LLC, SGCI Holdings III LLC, P Standard General Ltd., Standard General Master Fund L.P., Standard General Master Fund II L.P., Standard General Focus Fund L.P., CMG Media Corporation, CMG Media Operating Company, LLC, CMG Farnsworth Television Holdings, LLC, CMG Farnsworth Television Operating Company, LLC, Teton Midco Corp., Teton Opco Corp., and CMG Farnsworth Television Acquisition Company, LLC. Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 10, 2022, by and among TEGNA Inc., Teton Parent Corp., Teton Merger Corp., and solely for purposes of certain provisions specified therein, Community News Media LLC, CNM Television Holdings I LLC, SGCI Holdings III LLC, P Standard General Ltd., Standard General Master Fund L.P., Standard General Master Fund II L.P., Standard General Focus Fund L.P., CMG Media Corporation, CMG Media Operating Company, LLC, CMG Farnsworth Television Holdings, LLC, CMG Farnsworth Television Operating Company, LLC, Teton Midco Corp., Teton Opco Corp., and CMG Farnsworth Television Acquisition Company, LLC. Fourth Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TEGNA Inc. By-laws, as amended through May 12, 2021. Location Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on February 22, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on March 15, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2021. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2021. Indenture dated as of March 1, 1983, between TEGNA Inc. and Citibank, N.A., as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. First Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 5, 1986, among TEGNA Inc., Citibank, N.A., as Trustee, and Sovran Bank, N.A., as Successor Trustee. Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 1, 1995, among TEGNA Inc., NationsBank, N.A., as Trustee, and Crestar Bank, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 13, 2019, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019. Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 9, 2020, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020. Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 10, 2020, between TEGNA Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020. Description of Securities. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2011.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010. Amendment No. 1 to the Supplemental Executive Medical Plan Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2012.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2012. Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-6 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives dated December 22, 2010 and effective January 1, 2011.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010. 75 Exhibit Number Exhibit Location 10-2-1 10-2-2 10-3 10-3-1 10-3-2 10-3-3 10-3-4 10-3-5 10-4 10-4-1 10-4-2 10-4-3 10-4-4 10-4-5 10-4-6 10-4-7 10-4-8 10-4-9 10-4-10 10-4-11 10-5 Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Executive Medical Plan for Retired Executives effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016. TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan Restatement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated July 31, 2008 and effective August 1, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2008. Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010. Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-8 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan dated as of November 7, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. Supplemental Retirement Plan, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018. TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement dated February 1, 2003 (reflects all amendments through July 25, 2006).* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2007. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated July 31, 2008 and effective August 1, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2008. Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated December 9, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008. Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated October 27, 2009.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2009. Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-5 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010. Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-10 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Amendment No. 6 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rues for Post-2004 Deferrals dated as of December 8, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-7 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. Amendment No. 7 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017. Amendment No. 8 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of November 7, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-9 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Amendment No. 9 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018. Amendment No. 10 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Rules for Post-2004 Deferrals, dated as of November 16, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Amendment to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-9 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. 76 Exhibit Number Exhibit Location 10-5-1 10-5-2 10-5-3 10-6 10-6-1 10-6-2 10-6-3 10-6-4 10-7 10-7-1 10-7-2 10-7-3 10-7-4 10-7-5 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-10-1 10-10-2 10-10-3 10-10-4 Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-12 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017. Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of April 26, 2018.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30 2018. Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan Restatement Rules for Pre-2005 Deferrals, dated as of November 16 , 2018.* TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2007. Amendment No. 1 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of May 4, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 28, 2010. Amendment No. 2 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of December 22, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2010. Amendment No. 3 to TEGNA Inc. Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-11 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Notice to Transitional Compensation Plan Restatement Participants.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-6-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of May 4, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 28, 2010. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010).* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2015. Amendment No. 2 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) dated as of June 26, 2015.* Amendment No. 3 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) dated as of February 23, 2016.* Amendment No. 4 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010) effective as of November 1, 2016.* Amendment No. 5 to the TEGNA Inc. 2001 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 4, 2010), dated as of May 3, 2017.* TEGNA Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan. Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-12 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-10 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to TEGNA Inc.’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on March 25, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7-18 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021. 77 Exhibit Number 10-10-5 Exhibit Form of Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.* 10-11 10-11-1 10-11-2 10-11-3 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-14-1 10-15 10-15-1 10-15-2 10-16 10-17 10-18 10-18-1 10-19 10-19-1 10-20 10-21 Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Form of Executive Officer Performance Share Award Agreement.* Description of TEGNA Inc.’s Non-Employee Director Compensation.* Amendment for Section 409A Plans dated December 31, 2008.* Executive Life Insurance Plan document dated December 31, 2008.* Location Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2021. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-15 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-14 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-15 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Executive Life Insurance Plan Document dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-13 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Key Executive Life Insurance Plan dated October 29, 2010.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2010. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Key Executive Life Insurance Plan dated as of June 26, 2015.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-14 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Form of Participation Agreement under Key Executive Life Insurance Plan.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 26, 2010. Omnibus Amendment to Terms and Conditions of Stock Option Awards dated as of December 31, 2008.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-19 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2008. Omnibus Amendment to Outstanding Award Agreements of Certain Executives effective as of November 1, 2016.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-25 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2016. TEGNA Inc. 2015 Change in Control Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-8 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. 2015 Change in Control Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-27-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. TEGNA Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-9 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2017. Amendment No. 1 to the TEGNA Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as amended through May 30, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-28-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10- K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Offer Letter between TEGNA Inc. and David T. Lougee, dated as of May 3, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2017. Letter Agreement between TEGNA Inc. and Victoria D. Harker, dated as of May 4, 2017.* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.'s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2017. 78 Exhibit Number Exhibit Location 10-22 10-22-1 10-22-2 Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, to each of (i) the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2002 and effective as of March 18, 2002, as amended and restated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010 and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2002 Credit Agreement”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2002 Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “2002 Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC, as documentation agent, (ii) the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2004 and effective as of March 15, 2004, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010, and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2004 Credit Agreement”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2004 Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC and SunTrust Bank, as documentation agents and (iii) the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010 and as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010 (the “2005 Credit Agreement” and, together with the 2002 Credit Agreement and the 2004 Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements”), among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement (the “2005 Lenders” and, together with the 2002 Lenders and the 2004 Lenders, the “Lenders”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “2005 Administrative Agent” and, together with the 2002 Administrative Agent and the 2004 Administrative Agent, the “Administrative Agent”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., as syndication agents, and Barclays Bank PLC, as documentation agent, by and between TEGNA Inc., the Guarantors under the Credit Agreements as of August 5, 2013, the Administrative Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as issuing lenders and the Lenders party thereto. Master Assignment and Assumption, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and between each of the lenders listed thereon as assignors and/or assignees. Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Citibank, N.A. as syndication agents. 79 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-3 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013. Exhibit Number Exhibit Location 10-22-3 10-22-4 10-22-5 10-22-6 10-22-7 10-22-8 Sixth Amendment, dated as of September 24, 2013, to the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended by the First Amendment thereto, dated as of February 28, 2007 and effective as of March 15, 2007, as further amended by the Second Amendment thereto, dated as of October 23, 2008 and effective as of October 31, 2008, as further amended by the Third Amendment thereto, dated as of September 28, 2009, as further amended by the Fourth Amendment thereto, dated as of August 25, 2010, as further amended by the Fifth Amendment and Waiver, dated as of September 30, 2010, and as further amended and restated pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Seventh Amendment, dated as of February 13, 2015, to the Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013 and as further amended by the Sixth Amendment thereto, dated as of September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties. Eighth Amendment, dated as of June 29, 2015, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended by the Seventh Amendment thereto dated as of February 13, 2015, and the Sixth Amendment thereto dated September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, as set forth on Exhibit A to the Eight Amendment. Ninth Amendment, dated as of September 30, 2016, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended by the Eighth Amendment thereto, dated as of June 29, 2015, the Seventh Amendment thereto, dated as of February 13, 2015, and the Sixth Amendment thereto, dated as of September 24, 2013, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto, as set forth on Exhibit A, to the Ninth Amendment. Tenth Amendment, dated as of August 1, 2017, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, and as further amended, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Eleventh Amendment, dated as of June 21, 2018, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-4 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 28, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-2 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018. 80 Exhibit Number 10-22-9 10-22-10 10-23 10-23-1 10-23-2 10-23-3 21 23 31-1 31-2 32-1 32-2 101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.DEF 101.LAB Exhibit Twelfth Amendment, dated as of August 15, 2019, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2015, as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, and as further amended as of June 21, 2018, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Thirteenth Amendment, dated as of June 11, 2020, to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2004 and effective as of January 5, 2005, and as amended and restated as of August 5, 2013, as further amended as of June 29, 2015, as further amended as of September 30, 2016, as further amended as of August 1, 2017, as further amended as of June 21, 2018 and as further amended as of August 15, 2019, among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated September 25, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated May 5, 2014, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, by and among TEGNA Inc., JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated as of September 23, 2015, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, as amended, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Increased Facility Activation Notice, dated as of September 26, 2016, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Competitive Advance and Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2013, as amended, by and among TEGNA Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent, and the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time parties thereto. Subsidiaries of TEGNA Inc. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Section 1350 Certification. Section 1350 Certification. XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Date file because its Inline XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 81 Location Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-5 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2013. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2014. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 27, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-1 to TEGNA Inc.’s Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2016. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Attached. Exhibit Number Exhibit 101.PRE 104 Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). Location Attached. Attached. For purposes of the incorporation by reference of documents as Exhibits, all references to Form 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K of TEGNA Inc. refer to Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with the Commission under Commission file number 1-6961. We agree to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each agreement with respect to long-term debt not filed herewith in reliance upon the exemption from filing applicable to any series of debt which does not exceed 10% of our total consolidated assets. * Asterisks identify management contracts and compensatory plans arrangements. 82 ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY None. 83 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. Dated: February 27, 2023 TEGNA Inc. (Registrant) By: /s/ Victoria D. Harker Victoria D. Harker Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 /s/ David T. Lougee David T. Lougee President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) /s/ Victoria D. Harker Victoria D. Harker Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) /s/ Clifton A. McClelland III Clifton A. McClelland III Senior Vice President and Controller (principal accounting officer) 84 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 Dated: February 27, 2023 /s/ Gina Bianchini Gina Bianchini, Director /s/ Howard D. Elias Howard D. Elias, Director, Chairman /s/ Stuart Epstein Stuart Epstein, Director /s/ Lidia Fonseca Lidia Fonseca, Director /s/ Karen Grimes Karen Grimes, Director /s/ David T. Lougee David T. Lougee, Director /s/ Scott K. McCune Scott K. McCune, Director /s/ Henry W. McGee Henry W. McGee, Director /s/ Bruce P. Nolop Bruce P. Nolop, Director /s/ Neal Shapiro Neal Shapiro, Director /s/ Melinda C. Witmer Melinda C. Witmer, Director 85 GLOSSARY OF FINANCIAL TERMS Presented below are definitions of certain key financial and operational terms that we hope will enhance the reading and understanding of our 2022 Form 10-K. ADJUSTED EBITDA – Net income attributable to the Company before (1) net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, (2) income taxes, (3) interest expense, (4) equity (loss) in unconsolidated investments, net, (5) other non-operating items, net, (6) M&A-related costs, (7) advisory fees related to activism defense, (8) workforce restructuring, (9) spectrum repacking reimbursements and other, net, (10) depreciation and (11) amortization. AMORTIZATION – A non-cash charge against our earnings that represents the write off of intangible assets over the projected life of the assets. BALANCE SHEET – A summary statement that reflects our assets, liabilities and equity at a particular point in time. BUSINESS ACQUISITION – The acquiring company records the assets and liabilities assumed from the business being acquired at their fair value, with any excess of the purchase price over such fair value recorded to goodwill. If the purchase price is less than the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired, the difference is recognized as a bargain purchase. CURRENT ASSETS – Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted to cash within one year. CURRENT LIABILITIES – Amounts owed that will be paid within one year. DEPRECIATION – A non-cash charge against our earnings that allocates the cost of property and equipment over the estimated useful lives of the assets. DIVIDEND – A payment we make to our shareholders from a portion of our earnings. EARNINGS PER SHARE (basic) – Our earnings available to our common stockholders divided by the average number of shares outstanding for the period. EARNINGS PER SHARE (diluted) - Our earnings available to our common stockholders divided by the average number of shares outstanding for the period, giving effect to assumed dilution from outstanding performance share awards and restricted stock units. EQUITY EARNINGS FROM INVESTMENTS – For those investments in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have control, an income or loss entry is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income representing our ownership share of the operating results of the investee company. FREE CASH FLOW – Is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA (as defined above), further adjusted by adding back (1) stock-based compensation, (2) non-cash 401(k) company match, (3) syndicated programming amortization, (4) pension reimbursements, (5) dividends received from equity method investments and (6) reimbursements from spectrum repacking. This is further adjusted by deducting payments made for (1) syndicated programming, (2) pension, (3) interest, (4) taxes (net of refunds) and (5) purchases of property and equipment. GAAP – Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. GOODWILL – In a business purchase, this represents the excess of amounts paid over the fair value of tangible and other identified intangible assets acquired net of liabilities assumed. NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS – The portion of equity and net earnings in consolidated subsidiaries that is owned by others. OVER THE TOP (OTT) SERVICES – A service that delivers video content to consumers over the Internet. PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARD – An equity award that gives key employees the right to earn a number of shares of common stock over an incentive period based on how our actual adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow (as defined by the PSA agreement) performs as compared to targets. PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT – An equity award that gives key employees the right to earn a number of shares of common stock over an incentive period based on how our total shareholder return (TSR) compares to the TSR of a representative peer group of companies. RESTRICTED STOCK – An award that gives key employees the right to shares of our stock, pursuant to a vesting schedule. RETAINED EARNINGS – Our earnings not paid out as dividends to shareholders. STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS – A financial statement that reflects cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, providing a comprehensive view of changes in our cash and cash equivalents. STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME – A financial statement that reflects our changes in equity (net assets) from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income comprises net income and other items reported directly in shareholders’ equity, principally funded status of postretirement plans and the foreign currency translation adjustment. STATEMENT OF EQUITY – A financial statement that reflects changes in our common stock, retained earnings and other equity accounts. STATEMENT OF INCOME – A financial statement that reflects our profit by measuring revenues and expenses. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION – The payment to employees for services received with equity instruments such as restricted stock units and performance share awards. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY (VIE) – A variable interest entity is an entity that lacks equity investors or whose equity investors do not have a controlling interest in the entity through their equity investments. 86 SUBSIDIARY LIST (2022) EXHIBIT 21 NAME OF SUBSIDIARY 6600 BROADVIEW, LLC* BELO ADVERTISING CUSTOMER SERVICES, INC. BELO CAPITAL BUREAU, INC. BELO CORP. BELO HOLDINGS, INC. BELO INVESTMENT, LLC BELO KENTUCKY, INC. BELO LEAD MANAGEMENT, LLC* BELO MANAGEMENT SERVICES, INC. BELO SAN ANTONIO, INC. BELO TECHNOLOGY ASSETS II, INC. BELO TV, INC. BELO VENTURES, INC. CAMARO PARENT, LLC* CAPE PUBLICATIONS, INC. COMBINED COMMUNICATIONS OF OKLAHOMA, LLC CORPORATE ARENA ASSOCIATES, INC. DAILY BLAST LIVE, LLC FIRST COAST TOWER GROUP* G/O DIGITAL MARKETING, LLC GTG ENTERTAINMENT, A CALIFORNIA LIMITED PARTNERSHIP* GTMP HOLDINGS, LLC HILL TOWER, INC.* KENS-TV, INC. KFMB-TV, LLC KHOU-TV, INC. KING BROADCASTING COMPANY KING NEWS CORPORATION KMSB-TV, INC. KONG-TV, INC. KSKN TELEVISION, INC. KTTU-TV, INC. KTVK, INC. KVUE TELEVISION, INC. KWES TELEVISION, LLC KXTV, LLC LAKE CEDAR GROUP LLC* LOCKED ON PODCAST NETWORK, INC. LSB BROADCASTING, INC. MEDIA SALES ACADEMY, LLC* MULTIMEDIA ENTERTAINMENT, LLC MULTIMEDIA HOLDINGS CORPORATION STATE OF INCORPORATION OHIO DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE KENTUCKY DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE OKLAHOMA TEXAS DELAWARE FLORIDA DELAWARE CALIFORNIA DELAWARE TEXAS DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE WASHINGTON WASHINGTON ARIZONA DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE MICHIGAN DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE TEXAS SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA NAME OF SUBSIDIARY MULTIMEDIA KSDK, LLC NTV, INC. PACIFIC AND SOUTHERN, LLC PREMION, LLC* RADIOHIO INC. SANDER OPERATING CO I LLC SANDER OPERATING CO III LLC SANDER OPERATING CO IV LLC SANDER OPERATING CO V LLC SCREENSHOT DIGITAL, INC. SISTER CIRCLE LLC TEGNA BROADCAST HOLDINGS, LLC TEGNA BROADCAST SERVICE CENTER, LLC TEGNA EAST COAST BROADCASTING, LLC TEGNA MEMPHIS BROADCASTING, INC. TEGNA NATIONAL SALES & FINANCE, LLC TEGNA VENTURES, LLC TELEFARM, INC.* TEXAS CABLE NEWS, INC. VIDEOINDIANA, INC. VIDEOHIO, INC. WBIR-TV, LLC WBNS-TV, INC. WCNC-TV, INC. WFAA-TV, INC. WFMY TELEVISION, LLC WKYC HOLDINGS, LLC WKYC-TV, LLC WTOL TELEVISION, LLC WUSA-TV, INC. WVEC TELEVISION, LLC WWL-TV, INC. * Not wholly-owned by TEGNA. STATE OF INCORPORATION SOUTH CAROLINA DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE OHIO DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE OHIO DELAWARE OHIO NORTH CAROLINA DELAWARE NORTH CAROLINA DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE DELAWARE EXHIBIT 23 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-255639) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333- 107240, 333-115135, 333-160838, 333-171027, 333-204704 and 333-238740) of TEGNA Inc. of our report dated February 27, 2023 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Washington, District of Columbia February 27, 2023 CERTIFICATIONS EXHIBIT 31-1 I, David T. Lougee, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TEGNA Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ David T. Lougee David T. Lougee President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) Date: February 27, 2023 CERTIFICATIONS EXHIBIT 31-2 I, Victoria D. Harker, certify that: 1. 2. 3. 4. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TEGNA Inc.; Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f)) for the registrant and we have: a) b) c) d) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) b) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Victoria D. Harker Victoria D. Harker Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) Date: February 27, 2023 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 32-1 In connection with the Annual Report of TEGNA Inc. (“TEGNA”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David T. Lougee, president and chief executive officer of TEGNA, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of TEGNA. /s/ David T. Lougee David T. Lougee President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) February 27, 2023 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 EXHIBIT 32-2 In connection with the Annual Report of TEGNA Inc. (“TEGNA”) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Victoria D. Harker, chief financial officer of TEGNA, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of TEGNA. /s/ Victoria D. Harker Victoria D. Harker Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) February 27, 2023 

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