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Terns Pharmaceuticals

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248191 Tern AR Cover Spread  26/03/2018  18:08  Page 1

27/28 East Castle Street
London W1W 8DH

 info@ternplc.com
e: info@ternplc.com
e: info@ternplc.com
t: 020 3807 0222
t: 020 3807 0222
ternplc.com
ternplc.com

Report & 
Accounts

For the year ended 
31 December 2017

                                                            
 
        
248191 Tern AR Cover Spread  26/03/2018  18:08  Page 3

Company Information

Notice of 2018 Annual General Meeting

53

DIRECTORS

Angus Forrest (resigned 20 October 2017) 
Alan Howarth 
Bruce Leith
Sarah Payne 
Ian Ritchie (appointed 1 June 2017)
Albert Sisto 
Richard Turner (appointed 25 October 2017, 
resigned 15 January 2018)

SECRETARY

Sarah Payne

REGISTERED OFFICE

27/28 Eastcastle Street
London
W1W 8DH

COMPANY’S REGISTERED NUMBER

05131386

AUDITORS

NOMINATED ADVISOR AND JOINT BROKER

JOINT BROKER

REGISTRARS

BANKERS

CORPORATE LAWYERS

Grant Thornton UK LLP
30 Finsbury Square
London
EC2A 1AG

WH Ireland Limited
24 Martin Lane
London
EC4R 0DR

Whitman Howard Limited
1-3 Mount Street
London
W1K 3NB

Share Registrars Limited
The Courtyard
17 West Street
Farnham
Surrey
GU9 7DR

Handelsbanken
3rd Floor
86 Jermyn Street
London
SW1Y 6JD

Reed Smith
The Broadgate Tower
20 Primrose Street
London
EC2A 2RS

5.

In order to revoke a proxy instruction you will need to inform the Company by sending a signed hard copy notice
clearly stating your intention to revoke your proxy appointment to the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars
Limited, The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR. In the case of a member which is a company,
the revocation notice must be executed under its common seal or signed on its behalf by an officer of the company
or an attorney for the company. Any power of  attorney or any other authority under which the revocation notice is
signed (or a duly certified copy of  such power or authority) must be included with the revocation notice.

In either case, the revocation notice must be received by the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars Limited,
The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR no later than 9.30 am on 20 April 2018.

If  you attempt to revoke your proxy appointment but the revocation is received after the time specified above, then
your proxy appointment will remain valid.

Appointment of  a proxy does not preclude you from attending the Meeting and voting in person. If  you have
appointed a proxy and attend the Meeting in person, your proxy appointment will automatically be terminated.

6.

CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies by utilising the CREST electronic proxy appointment
service may do so by utilising the procedures described in the CREST Manual. CREST Personal Members or
other CREST sponsored members, and those CREST members who have appointed a voting service provider(s),
should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service provider(s), who will be able to take the appropriate action
on their behalf.

In  order  for  a  proxy  appointment  made  by  means  of   CREST  to  be  valid,  the  appropriate  CREST  message
(a ‘CREST Proxy Instruction’) must be properly authenticated in accordance with CRESTCo’s specifications and
must contain the information required for such instructions, as described in the CREST Manual. The message,
regardless of  whether it relates to the appointment of  a proxy or to an amendment to the instruction given to a
previously appointed proxy must, in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by our agent Share
Registrars (ID 7RA36) by the latest time(s) for receipt of  proxy appointments specified in the notice of  meeting.
For this purpose, the time of  receipt will be taken to be the time (as determined by the timestamp applied to the
message by the CREST Applications Host) from which the issuer’s agent is able to retrieve the message by
enquiry to CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST. The Company may treat as invalid a CREST Proxy
Instruction in the circumstances set out in Regulation 35(5)(a) of  the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001.

CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors or voting service providers should note that
CRESTCo does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular messages. Normal system
timings  and  limitations  will  therefore  apply  in  relation  to  the  input  of   CREST  Proxy  Instructions.  It  is  the
responsibility of  the CREST member concerned to take (or, if  the CREST member is a CREST personal member
or sponsored member or has appointed a voting service provider(s), to procure that his CREST sponsor or voting
service provider(s) take(s)) such action as shall be necessary to ensure that a message is transmitted by means
of  the CREST system by any particular time. In this connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their
CREST sponsors or voting service providers are referred, in particular, to those sections of  the CREST Manual
concerning practical limitations of  the CREST system and timings.

Perivan Financial Print    248191

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  18:43  Page 1

1

Highlights of 2017

(cid:129) Device Authority Limited secured new commercial contracts and boosted its partnerships

(cid:129) New investments were made in IOT businesses: InVMA Limited and Wyld Technologies Limited

(cid:129) Management team technology credentials strengthened with new Chairman

Year on year finances stable but NAV impacted by exchange rate movement

31 December 

Total Assets

Net Assets

Profit/(loss)

2017
£’000

11,069

10,581

(1,690)

2016
£’000

11,465

11,188

5,297

2015
£’000

1,825

1,692

(185)

The change in our results from 2016 to 2017 is due primarily to recognition of  an exchange rate loss in
2017 as the pound sterling strengthened against the US dollar and caused us to revalue our investment in
Device Authority Limited (“Device Authority”), which is based on a US dollar price per share. In 2016, the
profit was driven primarily by the fair value gain on Device Authority, due to the acquisition of Device Authority
Inc. (see note 7).

Contents

Company Information

1 Highlights of  2017

2 About Tern

3 Chairman’s Statement

4 CEO’s Statement

7 Our Markets

10 Strategic Report

20 Corporate Governance and Compliance 

22 Report on Directors’ Remuneration

23 Independent Auditor’s Report

28 Income Statement and Statement of  

Comprehensive Income

29 Statement of  Financial Position

30 Statement of  Changes in Equity

13 Investment Report

31 Statement of  Cash Flows

16 Board of  Directors

32 Notes to the Financial Statements

17 Directors’ Report

51 Notice of  2018 Annual General Meeting

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 2

2

About Tern

Tern PLC is an investment company which specialises in the Internet
of  Things  (“IoT”),  which  is  a  network  of  devices  with  electronic
connectivity allowing the digital exchange of data.

Tern invests in companies in the IoT space with an established software
business, existing intellectual property and customer validation.

Tern’s objective with each of its portfolio companies is to add value by
improving capital efficiencies and building sales and market strategies
by taking equity positions and offering support and mentoring in all
areas of the company. 

We  augment  this  work  by
identifying 
opportunities
within  the  IoT  space  using  a
vast  network  of  connections
to  increase  the  company’s
value. 

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 3

3

Chairman’s Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2017

we leverage our strong network and

“We look forward to a year of  growth as
operating experience.”

In  my  first  Annual  Report  as  your  non-executive
Chairman,  I  am  pleased  to  communicate  to  you  the
progress we have made in terms of  building a portfolio of
exciting companies in the Internet of  Things (IoT) sector. 

This strategy is based on widely accepted forecasts that
the majority of  future computing devices will be distributed
in huge volumes of  low cost processors, all connected
together, and to the internet, to solve real world problems. 

This year has seen us make new investments in InVMA
and Wyld Technologies, which diversifies our exposure
beyond  our  existing  key  stake  in  Device  Authority.
Throughout 2018 we expect Device Authority will continue
to be our most significant holding as we grow and further
develop our portfolio.

Our management team works closely with our portfolio
companies to help them gain traction in their respective
fields.  In  particular,  our  strong  network  enables  us  to
facilitate industry introductions with potential technology
or  reseller  partners,  both  within  the  UK  and  abroad,
notably North America. 

I would like to thank our Executive team on behalf  of  our
shareholders for their hard work over the year.

I look forward to a year of  growth as we continue to build
our  portfolio  and  aid  the  development  of   our  investee
companies  and  I  am  confident  that  we  will  see  our
companies prosper in the coming months.

Ian Ritchie CBE, FREng, FRSE
Chairman
26 March 2018

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 4

4

CEO’s Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2017

where we revised our approach to
better ensure the success of  our

“2017 has been a year of  transition
portfolio companies.” 

We are pleased to present our annual report for the year
ended 31 December 2017.

Internet  of   Things 

This past year represented a period of  transition for the
Company.  We  have  delivered  new  investments  in
disruptive 
(“IoT”)  companies,
diversifying our portfolio. In addition, we have realigned
our management team so that it is best positioned to add
value  to  companies  in  recognition  of   the  fact  that  this
exciting  sector,  which  continues  to  grow  in  scope  and
significance, has moved beyond the early hype stage. 

As  a  result,  we  were  delighted  to  appoint  a  highly
credentialed new non-executive Chairman, Ian Ritchie. Ian
brings a wealth of  experience in the technology industry
which has already helped guide the Board during ongoing
investment assessment.

We also revised our approach to better ensure the success
of   our  portfolio  companies  and  adopted  an  investing
philosophy  that  does  not  rely  on  obtaining  majority
holdings in investee companies. We believe this will enable
accelerated growth in the firms within our portfolio. This
was put into practice at the time of  our investment in two
new  portfolio  companies,  InVMA  Limited  and  Wyld
Research Limited (acquired by flexiOPS Limited).

Finally,  to  ensure  that  the  Company’s  activities  are
appropriately understood by our shareholders, and the
investing  community  at  large,  we  implemented  a  new
approach to our communications strategy.

Turning to our trading performance for the year, in 2017
we  recognised  a  loss  for  the  year  of   £1.7  million,
compared  to  a  profit  of   £5.3  million  in  2016.  As  our
investment in Device Authority is based upon a US dollar
value per share, the strengthening in the pound sterling in
the year resulted in a £0.8 million exchange rate loss. We
maintained the US dollar valuation of  Device Authority,
following  a  £6.1  million  increase  in  2016.  We  also
experienced an increase in legal fees as we added new
new  companies  to  our  portfolio  and  an  increase  in
directors’ fees as we increased the number of  directors
and  their  time  commitment  to  the  Company.  The
remaining expenses were broadly flat.

With our transitional changes now  complete,  Tern’s
management  and  Directors  anticipate  that  2018  will
represent a period of  net asset value (“NAV”) growth for
Tern. We anticipate this to be achieved via the business
expansion of  our portfolio companies and the addition of
one or more investments in new portfolio companies. 

Investment Focus and Philosophy

Tern’s fundamental goal is to find technology companies
in the UK involved in specific aspects of  the IOT sector.
Then,  to  invest  in  these  companies,  and  provide
management assistance and resources that accelerate
the success of  these firms.

At  the  outset,  Tern  recognised  the  potential  to  create
shareholder  value  through  investments  in  early-stage
companies providing products and services associated
with  the  IoT.  The  IoT,  as  detailed  in  the  ‘Our  Markets’
section of  this report, is rapidly growing and transforming
entire industries. This growth requires the development of
new commercial ecosystems that create a demand for
firms 
the
technologies and capabilities that will be essential to the
development of  the IOT.

that  can  manage  different  aspects  of  

As the IoT market has expanded and is maturing, Tern’s
investment  philosophy  has  similarly  evolved.  The
Company’s management and directors have concluded
that the best near-term opportunities, coupled with our
expertise  and  resources,  are  best  deployed  through
investments in three types of  companies: (1) IoT security
services,  (2)  IoT  enablement  services,  and  (3)  IoT
Analytics.

These three areas share a range of  common features,
that reflect our views on the arenas where Tern is most
likely  to  find  and  grow  successful  portfolio  companies.
They are all part of  the evolving IoT ecosystem, represent
high-growth  areas,  present  large  opportunities  for  new
technology companies, and have the potential to integrate
with third party IoT platforms. Platforms offer partners that
may act as resellers which can both leverage a company’s
technology without the costs of developing and supporting
a  large  in-house  sales  force.  Our  portfolio  companies’
partners also act as a warrant of  the quality of  the service

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 5

5

CEO’s Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2017

involved, and operate across the many industries involved
in the IoT.

the fundraising process continues. The development of
revenue traction was impacted by several factors;

In sharpening our investment focus, we have also adjusted
our investment philosophy. As mentioned previously, we
initially envisaged that Tern would, as a general rule, seek
to invest in portfolio companies where Tern would have a
controlling interest in the firm. With experience, we have
concluded that it is often equally valuable for the growth
of   our  portfolio  companies,  and 
the  creation  of
shareholder  value,  for  Tern  to  take  large  influential
positions  in  firms,  which  may  not  represent  sole  or
controlling ownership. This change in our philosophy is
advantageous for our shareholders in several respects: 

(cid:129)

First, we have found that the number of  high-value
investment opportunities available is far higher. As a
result,  we  have  greater  opportunities 
find
companies and build NAV; 

to 

(cid:129) Second, 

through 

ownership,  Tern’s
shared 
responsibility and risk in funding the early growth of
portfolio companies is similarly reduced;

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Third, in many cases, the co-owners of  our portfolio
companies bring added capabilities that further assist
in building the success of  these companies; and

Finally, our ability to deploy our capital across a wider
range  of  
firms,  with  reduced  potential  capital
requirements as the operations of  each firm evolves,
means that Tern is able to build a broader base of high
potential value-creating portfolio companies. 

With a broader portfolio base, the Company will be able
to reduce shareholder risk. 

Portfolio Progress

In  2017,  the  Tern  team  worked  extensively  with  the
management  of   Device  Authority  Limited  (“Device
Authority”), our flagship investment, and flexiOps Limited
(“flexiOPS”)
to  help  drive  business  expansion  and
success. The Board has also reviewed many businesses,
as potential portfolio additions, resulting in the investments
in  InVMA  Limited  (“InVMA”)  and  Wyld  Technologies
Limited (Wyld”). 

Device Authority

Device  Authority  continued  to  add  to  its  ecosystem  of
partners and customers and make progress in line with its
strategy to bring its IoT security platform to market via
partnerships with leading IoT ecosystem providers during
2017.  However,  we  were  disappointed  that  it  did  not
achieve the announced revenue targets for 2017 or secure
additional investment through the efforts of  US Capital
Partners, a San Francisco based investment firm although

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

The  delay  in  the  completion  of   KeyScaler,  the
combined platform of  Cryptosoft Limited and Device
Authority Inc.

take  over  and
The  disruption  created  by 
consolidations  of   a  number  of   our  key  reseller
partners

the 

(cid:129) Delays in customer implementation schedules

(cid:129)

The extended length in the time estimated to complete
proof  of  concepts (POC’s) with customers

We believe these factors were critical in the company not
achieving the early success anticipated in its fund-raising
activities in the United States. As the company enters into
2018 we believe the product and POC issues have been
resolved and key customers will begin shipping in their
forecasted volumes.

Device Authority is valued at £9.69 million which is the
same US dollar asset value as at 31 December 2016, the
reduction is due to a foreign exchange movement due to
the  strengthening  of   the  pound  sterling  between  2016
and 2017.

Key company milestones for Device Authority in 2017 are
set out in the Investment Report on page 13.

InVMA

Since announcing the investment by Tern in September
2017, InVMA, an established and growing player in the
market for IoT enablement, has launched its new product,
AssetMinder. The  launch  builds  on  the  underlying  IoT
trend  within  the  industrial  and  facilities  management
sectors  to  move  towards  a  proactive  performance  and
maintenance strategy for assets. Customers across any
industry can now monitor and manage data from all types
of  assets and be alerted when pre-determined thresholds
or rules have been met.

AssetMinder delivers real-time insights from remote and
unmanned equipment. According to a market research
report11, the Remote Monitoring and Control Market is
expected to be valued at USD27.11 billion by 2023, at a
CAGR of  4.47% between 2017 and 2023. 

As our portfolio grows, there is also an opportunity for
synergistic strategy as evidenced by InVMA signing an
OEM  agreement  with  Device  Authority,  to  integrate

1 Remote  Monitoring  and  Control  Market  by  Solutions  (SCADA  and
Emergency Shutdown System), Field Instruments (Pressure Transmitter,
Temperature  Transmitter,  Humidity  Transmitter,  Level  Transmitter,
Flowmeter), Industry and Region-Global Forecast to 2023

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 6

6

CEO’s Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2017

KeyScaler™ into InVMA's new product, AssetMinder, on
a revenue share basis.

flexiOPS

We believe that flexiOPS may be the source of  valuable
technology  expertise  to  assist  current  and  future  Tern
portfolio  companies. During  2017,  flexiOPS  used  its
resources to purchase a stake in Wyld Technologies, a
MESH networking company.

Wyld’s  market  opportunities  are  broad  from  both  a
technological perspective, where interest is being shown
in their underlying MESH Networking Capabilities, as well
as in terms of  its ability to deliver an integrated solution
which  leverages  MESH.  This  was  demonstrated  in  the
recently  announced  Emergency  and  Disruption  Alert
Network solution.

Wyld  sees  commercial  opportunity  for  its  solutions  in
Transport, Government, Military/Law Enforcement and the
Retail markets among others and will launch an SDK in
the coming months to allow third parties to leverage its
underlying MESH Networking Capabilities.

Investment and Portfolio Vision

Tern’s  investment  philosophy  reflects  all  of   the  factors
discussed above. In addition, we seek out companies with
management teams that have the potential to build high
growth businesses.

Generally,  market  investors  lack  the  ability  to  directly
participate  in  the  high  growth  technology  IoT  services
businesses of  the type Tern has identified. Traditionally,
investments  in  firms  of   this  type  have  been  limited  to
venture capital and private equity firms. In contrast, Tern
is designed to give investors an opportunity to participate
in the value associated with building exciting IoT product
and service companies that meet the criteria detailed here.
In addition, as a company whose shares are traded on
AIM,  Tern  allows  investors  to  continuously  assess  the
success of  our efforts, and increase or reduce their stake
in our initiatives, at any time.

Our vision is that, in three to four years hence, Tern will
have an established portfolio of  companies. At the same
time,  we  anticipate  that  during  this  period  we  will  be
building shareholder value through liquidity events by our
portfolio companies. We expect these events to reflect the
importance and relevance of  our portfolio companies in
the market and lead to increases to the net asset value of
Tern.

Year-End Funding and Related Activities

In the third quarter, the Company raised £0.6 million in an
over-subscribed funding conducted by Primary Bid. The
proceeds  from  this  activity  were  directed  to  the  new
investment  made  into  InVMA.  The  board  believed  the
Primary  Bid  vehicle  provided  the  company  the  most
efficient access to capital given the market conditions at
the time.

Toward  the  end  of   2017,  the  Directors  concluded  that
Tern’s shareholders would be best served if  Tern ensured
that Device Authority had adequate financial resources to
operate the business while attempting to close its funding
activity.  Also,  the  Board  wanted  Tern  itself   sufficiently
financed to continue its focused mission. We therefore
secured a convertible loan note facility of  £2.2 million and
drew  down  £550,000 in  2017  to  meet  these  two
objectives. At the time of  this funding, market conditions
necessitated that we offer shares at a substantial discount
to the then trading price of  Tern stock. This facility has
now been terminated.

Communications Strategy

Finally,  the  Directors  have  recognised  that  Tern’s
shareholders require the greatest possible transparency.
Therefore,  in  2017,  Tern’s  Directors  and  management
adopted  a  revised  shareholder  communications  policy.
The core of  this policy is our commitment to discuss the
accomplishments of  portfolio companies after they have
been fully realised, as compared to discussing anticipated
results and to ensure there is a connection between the
news  flow  of   investee  companies  and  Tern,  as  a  key
investor. Tern will also host shareholder calls three times
a year. 

A Sustaining Vision for the Future

On  behalf   of   the  Directors  and management  of   the
Company, we want to thank you for your continued interest
and support of  Tern Plc. We are approaching the future
with increased confidence and our prospects for portfolio
expansion  appear  significant.  We  are  aware  of   the
challenges and risks ahead but are confident that they are
attainable. We believe we are at a tipping point and our
refined  strategy  coupled  with  the  size  of   the  IoT
opportunity  provide  a  clear  indication  of   our  vision  for
renewed growth and shareholder value. 

Albert Sisto
Chief  Executive Officer
26 March 2018

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7

Our Markets

Overview
The Internet of  Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing network
of  connected objects able to collect and share data via
embedded sensors and gateways. The IoT turns “dumb”
stand-alone devices into “smart” connected devices that
can receive real-time operating instructions based on the
information collected and shared. 

Over the next several years, The Internet of  Things (IoT)
is  expected  to  experience  extraordinary  growth.  A  BI
Intelligence report,  for  example,  projects  that  by  2025
there  will  be  more  than  55  billion  IoT  devices  installed
around the world, as compared to an estimated global
base of  fewer than 10 billion devices in 2017. 1 This same
report anticipates that spending on IoT devices, solutions,
and supporting systems will total $14.6 trillion by 2025,
with total IoT spending exceeding $1 trillion annually in
2021.1

To  date,  the  proliferation  of   IoT  devices  is  upending
traditional  practices,  creating  new  high-value  business
practices,  and  delivering  previously  unavailable
efficiencies  and  capabilities,  across  a  wide  range  of
industries  (notably  in  such  diverse  areas  as  industrial
applications, healthcare, agriculture, the smart grid, the
smart home, and connected vehicles). These activities
cross  a  wide  range  of   functions  throughout  industries
(such  as  supply  chain  and  logistics  management,
manufacturing, and inventory management).

in 

The  dramatic  growth  of   the  IoT  envisioned  by  BI
Intelligence,  and  others2 reflect  a  widely  recognised
pattern 
technology
the  evolution  of   significant 
advances:  Initial  uses  focus  on  areas  that  generate
immediate value. Then, new uses build on the experience
of   these  initial  applications  and  reflect  increases  in
sophistication as well as growth in specialised activities to
meet the specific needs of  industries, functions, or large
clients. 

Fig.1

1 Newman, Peter, The Internet of  Things 2018: How The Iot Is Evolving to
Reach  The  Mainstream  With  Businesses  and  Consumers  (BI
Intelligence, January 2018), p. 19/20

2 See, Columbus, Louis, 2017 Roundup of  Internet of  Things Forecasts
(https://www.forbes.com/sites/

(Forbes  online,  Dec.  19,  2017) 
louiscolumbus/2017/12/10/2017-roundup-of-internet-of-things-
forecasts/) (retrieved March 14, 2018)

The IoT Ecosystem and Requirements for Successful
IoT Implementation: The IoT creates value for businesses,
healthcare,  and  consumers  through  the  intelligent  and
secure  management  of   the  information  reported  by  the
network of devices that communicate with applications and
their users. A communications network only works when all
components are in place and function (fig.1). For example,
a website offers no value to prospective users if  it lacks
Internet connectivity. The successful deployment of the IoT
device 
necessitates
interdependent operating capabilities in five distinct areas,
which comprise what is called the IoT ecosystem.

communications 

network 

The five elements of  the IoT ecosystem are: 

1.) Hardware  (the  IoT  devices  themselves  in  any

installation or solution); 

2.) Communication  Networks  (that  connect  the  IoT

implementation to the user); 

3.) Remotes 

(such  as 

tablets,  or
smartphones, that provide users with the interface for
connecting  with  IoT  devices  and  managing  their
activities);

computers, 

4.) Platforms and Application Enablement (which provide
the  messaging,  data  analytics,  data  storage,  and
customised services associated with IoT solutions);
and 

5.) Security protocols (which protect IoT implementations

from outside intrusion).3

Tern’s Focus on Segments Within the IoT Ecosystem

Overview: Tern’s  sharpened 
investment
activities involves three segments of  the IoT ecosystem.
These aspects of  the IoT ecosystem are all characterised
by several factors; they are areas where:

focus  on 

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

software 

Innovative 
unique
technologies and short development time frames are
needed;

solutions,  with 

Typically, customers will continuously require upgraded
applications, security and device capabilities; 

(cid:129) Software solutions that meet customer needs that can

rapidly scale their services; 

(cid:129)

Fragmented markets ensure no single firm or group of
firms dominate these areas; 

(cid:129) Capital  requirements  are  low  and  ROI’s  high,
particularly  when  compared  to  hardware-based
aspects of  the IoT ecosystem; and

3 See Newman, Peter, p.2.

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 8

8

Our Markets

(cid:129)

Large, well-established, technology firms are seeking
reseller  or  co-promotion  partnerships  with  young
companies to provide customers with end-to-end IoT
implementations.

IoT Security

In 2017 and beyond, the need for scalable, trustworthy IoT
security  solutions  has  become  more  apparent,  with
consequent growth in demand. The factors contributing to
this demand, include:

(cid:129) Widely publicised security breaches and ransomware
attacks  in  2017,  which  resulted in  increased  public
awareness of  the vulnerability of  Internet connected
data sources. 

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Industry recognition that the growing implementation
of   IoT  initiatives  means  far  more  opportunities  for
cybercriminals  to  play  havoc  with  industrial  and
consumer activities.

the 

Industry  recognition 
integrity  of   data
that 
communications  (data  in  transit)  is  critical  to  the
successful operation of  the IoT activity. In contrast,
2017  security  breaches  involved  data  at  rest  (in
storage), which were unrelated to essential day-to-day
operations of  the firms involved.

Fig.2

To summarise, the success of  the IoT requires the ability
to  ensure  essential  IOT-powered  business,  healthcare,
and  consumer  activities  operate  without  malicious
intruders interfering with essential operations (fig.2).

The  IoT  security  services  market  is  expected  to  grow
rapidly  over  the  next  five  years.  In  a  September  2017
report,  IoT  Analytics  estimated  that  the  market  for  IoT
security  software  will
increase  at  an  estimated  CAGR
(Compound Annual Growth Rate) of  44% between 2017
and 2022, with IoT security spending increasing from an
estimated $700 million in 2017 to $4.4 billion in 20224.
This report also noted the “fragmented” nature of  the IoT
security market, and segments IoT security “into 4 layers,”
which this report defined as device, communication, cloud
and life-cycle management.4

Notably, a Boston Consulting Group analysis that seeks
to  assist  companies  in  choosing  development  IoT
platforms for new IoT initiatives stresses:

(cid:129)

The value of  choosing IoT development platforms that
meet the specialised needs of  the proposed solution; 

(cid:129) Working with IoT development platforms that provide

comprehensive solutions; and 

(cid:129)

The  value  of   platforms  that  offer  vertical-specific
applications  and  services  (what  Tern  terms  an
ecosystem of  partnerships), which can be particularly
attractive to companies “starting to test the potential
of  new IoT based-services.”5

Tern’s approach to portfolio investments in the IoT security
arena aligns with the many insights of  these reports. Tern
has sought and will continue to seek, portfolio companies
offering IoT security services which:

(cid:129) Combine  the  opportunity  for  rapid  growth  with  the
easy  capability  to  partner  with  large  technology
companies and IoT platforms;

(cid:129) Can be customised to develop value across industries;

and 

(cid:129) Deliver  solutions  that  run  across  the  layers  of   IoT
security  needs  (device,  cloud,  communication,  and
life-cycle).

IoT Analytics

The era of  zettabytes: Every IoT connected device is a
source of  data, typically on a continuous, real-time basis.
As a result, the growth of  installed connected devices will,
of necessity, create accompanying, dramatic growth in the
volume of  real-time data associated with IoT applications.
In a whitepaper, Data 2025, commissioned by Seagate
and issued in April 2017, IDC projected that by 2025, 163
zettabytes of  data would be created annually (a zettabyte
is one trillion gigabytes), as compared to 16.1 zettabytes
created in 2016. IDC anticipates that by 2025, nearly 30%
of  this 163 zettabyte estimate will reflect real-time data,
and the IoT will generate 95% of  this total.6

The era of  value: The business transforming value of  the
IoT is directly related to the data it generates, and the
ability of  users to process and respond to this information.
Last year, in an article titled, “The world’s most valuable
resource  is  no  longer  oil,  but  data,” The  Economist
compared the value of  data in the approaching era to the
value of  energy in the 20th century.7 Data, like energy in

4 IoT Security Market Report 2017 to 2022 (IoT Analytics, Sept. 2017).
Findings  summarised  at  https://iot-analytics.com/product/iot-security-
market-report-2017-22/ (retrieved, March 14, 2018)
5 Bhatia, Akash; Yusuf, Zia; Ritter, David; and Hunke, Nicholas; Who Will
Win The Platform Wars? (BCG Perspectives: June, 2017), pages 4-5

6 Reinsel,  David;  Gantz,  John;  Rydning,  John;  Data  Age  2025:  The
Evolution of  Data to Life-Critical Don’t Focus on Big Data; Focus on the
Data That’s Big (IDC, April 2017), p. 2-3

7 The  world’s  most  valuable  resource  is  no  longer  oil,  but  data,  the
Economist (May 6, 2017)

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9

Our Markets

the previous century, will power the value and wealth of
entire industries. IoT data and its analysis fall into three
categories:  Descriptive,  predictive  and
general 
prescriptive7. While interrelated, these three categories
represent increasing levels of  value: For example:

(cid:129)

Initial IoT applications may provide useful descriptive
information on shipment locations for logistics. 

(cid:129) Over time, expanded analysis enables predictive early-
warning of  supply shortages at specific locations, with
associated enhancements to logistics. 

(cid:129)

Finally, greater analysis leads to prescriptive findings:
Ways of  fundamentally revising logistics operations to
build enterprise value.

The  data  analytics challenge and  opportunity: At
present, most IoT generated data is not examined. In one
study, the Mckinsey Global Institute concluded that 99%
of  the data generated by 30,000 connected sensors on
an  oil  rig  remained  unexamined,  concluding  “That’s
because  this  information  is  used  mostly  to  detect  and
control anomalies—not for optimisation and prediction,
which provide the greatest value”.8 The value of  the IoT
derives  from  the  ability  of   users  to  make  sense  of   the
many  new  sources  of   information  it  enables.  The
challenge in realising this value involves the complexity of
working  with  zettabytes  of   information,  capturing  and
responding to the information generated in real-time, and
analysing  large  quantities  of   information  to  identify
business
meaningful 
transformation  or  (through  the  sale  of   high-value
information) create entirely new revenue streams.

relationships, 

power 

that 

Markets and Markets projects the IoT Analytics market will
grow  from  $7.19  billion  in  2017  to  $27.78  in  2022,  a
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of  31%.9

IoT  analytics,  and 

More  significantly,  the  technical  challenges  associated
with 
the  meaningful,  real-time
processing of  large quantities of  data, are substantial. At
the same time, a representative analysis by the Boston
Consulting Group concludes that, as a core component
of  IoT business value creation, IoT Analytics services will
capture  a  significant  portion  of   the  services  revenue
associated with IoT implementation.10

Tern’s Approach: Tern believes the IoT data Analytics
market  is  particularly  attractive.  Emerging  potential
portfolio  companies  are  developing  technologies  with
significant  commercial  potential.  Moreover,  the  value
delivered by these services, including their potential to
create entirely new revenue streams for clients, means
that the pricing of  unique services has the potential to

8 Manyika,  James;  Chui,  Michael;  Bisson,  Peter;  Woetzel,  Jonathan;
Dobbs,  Richard;  Bughin,  Jacques;  and  Aharon,  Dan;  Unlocking  the
potential of  the Internet of  Things (Mckinsey Global Institute, June 2015),
online summary at https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-
mckinsey/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-ph
ysical-world (retrieved March 14, 2018)

capture  a  portion  of   the  the  value  created  for  clients
(either directly or through partnerships), as opposed to
confronting other constraints.

IoT Enablement

The market for IoT enablement is typically discussed in
connection with the market for IoT development platforms.
Undoubtedly,  this  reflects  a  portion  of   this  market.  IoT
enablement  platforms  offer  a  suite  of   services  that
facilitate the roll-out of  IoT solutions, where the platform
the
warrants 
participants.

interoperability  of  

the  quality  and 

However,  Tern  takes  a  broader  view  of   this  capability.
From Tern’s  perspective,  short 
for
implementations  require  specific  use  case  expertise.
Moreover, the shift to the cloud and growing specialisation,
mean 
the  supporting  services,  and  necessary
integrations,  associated  with  IoT  implementation  will
continuously evolve.

frames 

time 

Fig.3

Hence,  Tern  seeks  IoT  enablement  services that  work
within specific platforms, derive scale through proprietary
services that can be customised for each use case, while
simultaneously providing the full-service integrations that
new IoT customers require. In this latter context, these
complete solution integrations are both an independent
revenue generating opportunity, and a means of  building
the  market  for  solutions  owned  by  the  integrator  or
potentially other Tern best-of-breed technology partners. 

Conclusion:  Tern’s  Investment  Focus  and  the  IoT
Ecosystem

The rapid growth and adoption of  IoT implementation is
an  opportunity  for  Tern  to  create  value  by  investing  in
companies with global reach that provide critical “must
have” solutions for the IoT, in the specific high opportunity
areas of  the IoT ecosystem. 

Tern looks forward to expanding its portfolio to capitalise
on the success of  the IoT in 2018 and subsequent years.

9 IoT Analytics Market by Application (Energy Management, Predictive
Maintenance & Asset Management, Inventory Management, Remote
Monitoring),  Component,  Analytics  Type,  Deployment,  Organization
Size, & Vertical - Global Forecast to 2022 (Markets and Markets, July
2017)(https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/iot-
analytics-market-52329619.html:) (retrieved March 14, 2018).

10 Bhatia,  Akash;  Ritter,  David;  and  Hunke,  Nicholas;  Yusuf,  Zia;
Ruessmann, Michael; Schmeig, Florian; Kalra, Nipun; Winning in IoT: It’s
All About the Business Process (BCG Perspectives: March 2017), p. 2.

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10

Strategic Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Business review
The Company is positioned as a quoted platform to invest in, develop and sell private software companies with proven
technology, based in the UK but with global opportunities and ambitions. These businesses are predominantly in the
Internet of  Things sector. A more detailed review of  the activity and progress of  the business, including the portfolio of
investments, is contained in the CEO’s Statement on pages 4-6 and Investment Report on pages 13-15, which form
part of  the Strategic Report.

The 2017 results have been materially impacted by an exchange rate loss (£0.8m) on the revaluation of  the Device
Authority investment at the balance sheet date. This, coupled with the gain recognised in 2016 on the Device Authority
investment, has resulted in the movement in operating (loss)/profit between 2016 and 2017.

Future developments
As explained in the CEO’s Statement the Company has undertaken a series of  initiatives to position the Company for
lasting success in its focused market sector and has continued to build a portfolio of  investments and a pipeline of
investment opportunities in IoT enablement.

Key performance indicators
The  Company’s  principal  activity  is  that  of   investing  in  companies.  Accordingly,  the  Company’s  financial  Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs) are the return on investments and the net assets position of  the Company including net
assets per share. These indicators are monitored closely by the Board and the details of  performance against these
are given below.

(cid:129)

The return on investments:

(cid:129) Unrealised – Push Technology Limited has been revalued in line with IFRS to a level consistent with recent fund
raisings. Seal Software Group Limited value remains unchanged. Device Authority’s US dollar value remains
unchanged, however a pound sterling reduction has been reflected when revaluing the investment using the
2017 year end exchange rate. InVMA Limited and flexiOPS Limited have been evaluated in line with recent Tern
investment. InVMA Limited is valued at cost which is taken as fair value. flexiOPS Limited is valued at the cost
of  investment in Wyld Technologies Limited which is taken as fair value. Device Authority is an early stage
business in an emerging market where there is a lack of  comparative businesses available on which to provide
a  comparable  valuation  and  therefore  value  has  been  based  on an  assessment  of   numerous  factors:  the
underlying value of  the patent portfolio, the multiples achieved in comparable markets on recent transactions,
and an assessment by the Board on the strength of  the sales pipeline and achievability of  the 2018 sales
forecast.

(cid:129)

The net assets of  the Company at 31 December 2017 were £10,580,802 (2016: £11,187,739). The net assets per
ordinary share as at 31 December 2017 were 7.38p (2016: 9.44p).

The Company has non-financial KPIs which are also monitored regularly by the Board. These non-financial KPIs are
focused around the number and quality of  investment opportunities seen, the time taken to reach the decision to move
forward with a potential investee company and the employee turnover in our portfolio companies. We believe these
factors help serve as leading indicators of  the future performance and our impact on our stakeholders.

Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Company’s policy in respect of  financial instruments and risk profile is set out in Note 2 to the financial statements.

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 11

11

Strategic Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Principal business risks and uncertainties
The management of  the business and the nature of  the Company’s strategy are subject to a number of  risks. The
directors have set out below the principal risks facing the business. Where possible, processes are in place to monitor
and mitigate such risks. The Company operates a system of  internal control and risk management in order to provide
assurance that the Board is managing risk whilst achieving its business objectives with the assistance of  the Audit
Committee. No system can fully eliminate risk and therefore, the understanding of  operational risk is central to the
management process.

Identifying, evaluating and managing the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company is an integral part of  the
way the business operates. The Company has policies and procedures in place throughout its operations, embedded
within the management structure and as part of  the normal operating processes. Market and economic conditions are
recognised as one of  the principal risks in the current trading environment. This risk is mitigated by the close monitoring
of  trading conditions and the performance of  the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company is affected by a number
of  risks and uncertainties, not all of  which are wholly within its control as they relate to the wider macroeconomic and
legislative environment within which the Company operates.

To enable shareholders to appreciate what the business considers are the main operational risks, they are briefly
outlined below:

Reliance
on key
people

Risk 
The Company is unable to
retain key individuals

Potential impact 
(cid:129)

Loss of  knowledge and
expertise

(cid:129) Disruption for the Company
or its investment companies

Investment
risk

An investment fails to perform
as anticipated:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Investment may require
additional finance

Inability to create maximum
value in a timely fashion

(cid:129) Difficulty in realising

investment

The Company’s influence
reduces 

The value of  the Company’s
holding falls

If  one dominant investment
fails it has a disproportionate
impact on the Company

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Investee companies may
be operating in highly
competitive markets with
rapid technological change

Investee companies may
be companies in early
stage of  commercial
development. Generation of
significant revenues is
difficult to predict and not
guaranteed

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

The Company is unable to
maintain its holding when the
investee company requires
significant additional funding

The portfolio is dominated by
one or two investments

Strategy
The Company offers a
remuneration package designed
to attract, motivate and retain key
individuals

Key individuals in the investment
companies are offered an
attractive remuneration package
and either shares or share option
incentives

The Company actively takes an
influential role in the strategic
direction of  its investments and
monitors all investments regularly

The Company’s strategy has
been formulated by the
management team with a strong
track record of  generating gains
from early stage companies
within the technology sector

The Company is building a
portfolio of  investments to
insulate itself  against poor
performance of  any one

248191 Tern AR pp01-pp16  26/03/2018  17:42  Page 12

12

Strategic Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Liquidity

Risk 
The Company is unable to
raise new funds

Potential impact 
(cid:129) May have a detrimental effect
on the Company’s ability to
cover administration and
other costs 

(cid:129) May adversely affect returns
of  investee companies if  they
need to raise further funds

Strategy
The Company will maintain a
sufficient cash balance to finance
itself  for a prudent period, or
ensure that it has access to
funds

Legal &
regulatory
risk

Legal claims and change to
regulation

Foreign
exchange
risk

The valuation of  investments
may be impacted by foreign
exchange movements

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Financial and reputational
impact

The value of  the Company’s
holding falls

Maintain strong advisory base.
Legal advice taken on all
investment and employment
issues

The Company actively reviews
the value of  investments and will
consider action on foreign
exchange risk where relevant,
following advice from advisors.

Assessment of business risk

The Board regularly reviews operating and strategic risks, with the assistance of  its committees. The Company’s
operating procedures include a system for reporting financial and non-financial information to the Board including:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

reports from management with a review of  the business at each Board meeting, focusing on any new decisions/risks
arising;

reports on the performance of  investments;

reports on selection criteria of  new investments;

discussion with senior personnel; and

consideration of  reports prepared by third parties.

The Strategic Report was approved and authorised for issue by the Board of  Directors on 26 March 2018 and was
signed on its behalf  by:

Bruce Leith
Director

26 March 2018

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13

Investment Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

The Company’s current investment portfolio consists of  the following investments, all of  which are unquoted:

Device Authority Limited

Market segment: Data Security software

Equity ownership: 56.8% ‘A’ Shares

Cost: £4.34 million

Valuation: £9.69 million 

Valuation is based on the price of  shares in the most recent fund raise (April 2016), which is taken as fair value,
translated at the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. This was supported by an evaluation of  a combination
of  factors including the independent valuation of  Device Authority’s patent portfolio, a comparison to transaction
multiples in comparable market sectors and an evaluation of  sales pipeline and 2018 trading forecast.

Device  Authority  Limited (“Device  Authority”) is  an  Internet  of   Things  (IoT)  security  automation  company.  Device
Authority provides simple, innovative solutions to address the challenges of  securing applications and their devices
while using the Internet with a robust, end-to-end security architecture that delivers efficiencies at scale. The Device
Authority KeyScalerTM IoT security platform is purpose-built to address these challenges through automated device
provisioning, credential management, secure updates and policy-driven data encryption.

Device Authority will continue to focus on building its contract base and device registrations, as well as developing its
strategic alliances and OEM integration of  the KeyScaler platform. Focus is also being driven to the thoughts around
developing a white labelled version of  KeyScaler and co-branding with other IoT platform providers.

Key announcements in 2017 included:

(cid:129) Announcement of  a three-year global agreement to power Comodo CA’s IoT security service, which represents a

significant milestone and revenue opportunity for DA;

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

The integration of Device Authority’s core KeyScalerTM product with Intel® Secure Device Onboard (SDO);

The  signing  of   a  three-year  agreement  with  MultiTech,  a  leading  ARM-based  developer  and  manufacturer  of
communications equipment for the industrial IoT, for DA to provide KeyScalerTM for its gateway products;

The signing of  an agreement with GCE Healthcare Products Group, whose products range from medical gas
regulators and oxygen concentrators, to resuscitation and hospital ward equipment used in emergency, hospital
and homecare environments; 

(cid:129) Entered  into  a  new  partnership  with  Super  Micro  Computer,  Inc.,  a  global  leader  in  computing,  storage  and
networking  technologies  to  enable  an  on-boarding  model,  through  which  applications  identify  devices  and
automatically onboard them to their IoT management application; and

(cid:129) Secured $1.7 million in convertible loan note funding from its significant investors, Alsop Louie Partners, George

Samenuk and Tern.

(cid:129) Online Trust Alliance names Device Authority to the 2017 Online Trust Honor Roll for the second consecutive year.

(cid:129) Device Authority named Innovator in Access Control for second consecutive year.

(cid:129) Device Authority accelerates IoT deployments as a founding member of  EdgeX Foundry.

For more information visit: www.deviceauthority.com.

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14

Investment Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

InVMA Limited

Market segment: IOT Systems Integrator

Equity ownership: 50%

Cost: £375,000

Valuation: £375,000

Valuation is based on cost, which is taken as fair value.

InVMA Limited (“InVMA“) builds solutions that link connected products to their customers’ systems to create new
revenue streams, enhance customer satisfaction and improve operational efficiency. InVMA enables an Internet of
Things that delivers real business value and competitive advantage.

(cid:129)

InVMA works closely with PTC, a $1.1 billion revenue software company, and is one of the only European integrators
certified for PTC’s Thingworx platform, a leading IoT development platform.

Key announcements in 2017 include:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

InVMA unveiled AssetMinder, its new turnkey asset performance solution. AssetMinder delivers real-time insights
from remote and unmanned equipment and integrates with Device Authority’s KeyScaler(TM).

InVMA announced £1 million committed sales orders in 2017 through securing new customers in OEM, Oil and
Gas, Asset Rental and Manufacturing markets.

InVMA secured a number of  repeatable annual contract wins including with a UK/International Airport, Howden
Process Compressors, MSE Hiller, MEMS and GCE.

For more information visit: www.invma.co.uk.

flexiOPS Limited

Market segment: Project management of  research and innovation projects in technology

Equity ownership: 100%

Cost: £37,500*

Valuation: £78,000

* Cost is 50% of  the purchase price of  two business units flexiOPS and Concerto. Concerto was sold in 2016.
Valuation is based on cost of  Wyld Technologies Limited, a 90% subsidiary of  flexiOPS Limited, which is taken as
fair value.

flexiOPS Limited (“flexiOPS”) runs project management and innovation technology projects with associated grant
funding. It works across a portfolio of  projects including Horizon 2020, the European Commission’s EU Framework
Programme for Research and Innovation, whose purpose is securing Europe’s global competitiveness.

In September 2017, Wyld Technologies Limited (“Wyld”), a wholly owned subsidiary of  flexiOPS, acquired the assets
of  Wyld Research Limited for £78,000 and a 10% holding in Wyld. Wyld has developed a proven mesh networking
software platform. 

In November 2017 Wyld launched its EDEN (Emergency and Disruption Alert Network) solution at the World Rail
Conference in Amsterdam. Wyld is actively working with key strategic partners and prospects to deploy this critical
component of  delivering disruption information in challenging environments in 2018.

For more information visit: www.flexiOPS.com.

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15

Investment Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Push Technology Limited

Market segment: Data distribution software

Equity ownership: <1%

Cost: £120,197

Valuation: £11,326 

Valuation is based on the price of  shares in the most recent fundraise, which is taken as fair value.

Push Technology Limited (“Push”) significantly enhances the ability of  organisations to communicate in real-time. This
includes direct communication as well as indirect, for example, by refreshing data displayed information in real time
rather than when a user explicitly asks for an update. Interactive applications are infinitely more engaging, updating in
real-time as new data becomes available.

Key announcements in 2017 included:

(cid:129) Release of  enterprise-grade, data streaming and messaging solution.

For more information visit: www.pushtechnology.com.

Seal Software Group Limited

Market segment: Database Analytics and Search software

Equity ownership: <1%

Cost: £50,000

Valuation: £62,714 

Valuation is based on the price of  shares in the most recent fundraise, which is taken as fair value.

Seal Software Group Limited (“Seal”) specialises in writing software which performs complex analysis of  contractual
data. Seal is specifically designed to locate and examine contractual documents and extract and present key contractual
information related to language, clauses, clause combinations, and the significant contextual metadata held within
them.

In 2017 the notable events included:

(cid:129) Contracts signed with Parker Hannifin, a Fortune 250 company and PwC.

(cid:129) Strategic  partnerships  announced  with  State  of   Flux,  the  global  procurement  and  supply  chain  management

consultancy, TractManager Inc and Coin Sciences, the open source blockchain company.

(cid:129) Continued expansion of  worldwide operations with a new office opened in Egypt, as well as bolstering its team in

Sweden.

(cid:129) Aragon Research, a technology-focused research and advisory firm based in Silicon Valley, identified Seal as a key

provider in the emerging Intelligent Content Analytics (ICA) market.

(cid:129) Seal was ranked 310th on Deloitte’s Technology Fast 500™, a ranking of  the 500 fastest growing technology, media,

telecommunications, life sciences and energy tech companies in North America.

Customers include Dropbox, Microsoft, Bosch, hp, Merck, Vodafone and many other multi-national organisations.

For more information visit: www.seal-software.com.

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16

Board of Directors

Ian Ritchie
Chairman

Ian is the non-executive Chairman of  Iomart plc, Computer Applications Service,
and  Krotos.  He  founded  OWL  in  1984,  which  pioneered  hypertext  application
development (a forerunner to the world wide web) selling the company to Panasonic
in 1989. Since then he has been involved in over 40 start-up high-tech businesses.
Ian has a degree in Computer Science from Heriot-Watt University (1973) and holds
Honorary Doctorates from Robert Gordons, Abertay, Heriot-Watt and Edinburgh
Universities. He writes a monthly column in Scottish Business Insider magazine
and his TED talk has been viewed over 500,000 times.

Albert Sisto
Chief  Executive Officer

Al’s  an  IT  industry  veteran  with  more  than  25  years  senior  executive  level
experience.  As  Chief   Operating  Officer  at  RSA  Data  Security  Inc,  the  leading
security software company, he led its transformation from a passive patent licensing
operation to an aggressive, sales oriented software company. At RSA he negotiated
partnership  agreements  with  IBM,  Intel,  Compaq,  Cisco  and  Nortel.  Al  was
Chairman, President and CEO of  Phoenix Technologies Limited, the global BIOS
software  company.  He  revitalised  Phoenix  through  the  acquisition  of   Internet
appliance  business,  Ravisent  Technologies;  investing  in  semiconductor  and
microprocessor designer Transmeta and spinning off  Silicon Corporation.

Sarah Payne
Finance Director

Sarah qualified with Ernst & Young as a Chartered Accountant before joining its
corporate  finance  team.  She  then  spent  six  years  with  the  BBC,  firstly  within
commercial and investment strategy and then as Head of  Financial Planning and
Analysis. For the seven years before joining Tern Plc, Sarah was an outsourced
Finance Director for SME businesses principally within high tech markets. 

Bruce Leith
Business Development Director

Bruce  began  his  career  with  IBM  and  has  extensive  international  sales
management and board level experience in the software industry including senior
level positions at DataWorks Corporation, London Bridge Software International
and Codestream. Specialising in delivering high growth, high profit results through
product development, portfolio repositioning and geographical expansion, Bruce
was involved in the successful sales of a number of companies including Interactive
UK, London Bridge and Codestream. Bruce is also an active angel investor in
several high growth software businesses.

Alan Howarth
Non-Executive Director

Alan  has  extensive  experience  as  a  Chairman  and  Non-Executive  Director  of
private and public companies. He is a specialist in building and selling technology
businesses. Previously, Alan was a partner at Ernst & Young and is one of  the
founding partners of  the EY Management Consulting practice in the UK. For the
last fifteen years he has been managing a portfolio of  non-executive appointments.

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 17

17

Directors’ Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

The directors present their annual report and the audited financial statements of  Tern plc (the “Company”) for the year
ended 31 December 2017.

The Company is registered as a public limited company (plc). The Company’s Ordinary shares of  0.02p each are traded
on AIM of  the London Stock Exchange.

Principal activities

The principal activity of  the Company is investing in unquoted and quoted companies to achieve capital growth.

Results and dividends

The results for the period are shown in the income statement and statement of  comprehensive income on page 28.

The loss for the year was £1,689,555 (2016: £5,296,633 profit). 

The directors do not recommend payment of  a dividend.

Events after the reporting period

On 5 January 2018, the outstanding convertible unsecured loan note was converted into 15,714,285 ordinary shares
of  0.02p each at a price of  1.75p. On 9 January 2018, a second tranche of convertible loan notes totalling £550,000
was issued, pursuant to the convertible unsecured loan note facility. On 17 January 2018, £275,000 of  the convertible
loan note was converted into 11,000,000 ordinary shares of  0.02p each at a price of  2.5p. On 16 February 2018 the
remaining £275,000 convertible loan note was converted into 13,750,000 ordinary shares of  0.02p each at a price of
2p. On 8 March 2018, the convertible loan note facility was terminated and a £650,000 equity placing was announced.

On 29 January 2018, a further £125,000 was invested in InVMA to maintain Tern’s 50% shareholding.

On 1 March 2018 a further $360,581 was paid to Device Authority, representing the second tranche of  the convertible
secured loan announced on 28 December 2017.

Political and charitable contributions

No political or charitable donations were made during the period. 

Control procedures

Operational procedures have been developed for each of the Company’s operating businesses that embody key controls
over relevant areas. The implications of  changes in law and regulations are taken into account by the Company.

The Board has considered the need for an internal audit function but has decided that this is not justified at present
given the size of  the Company. However, it will keep the decision under review on an annual basis.

Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis because, as set out in detail in Note 1.3, the
Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence
for the foreseeable future.

Directors and directors’ interests

The directors who held office during the year and their interests in the ordinary shares of  the Company are as follows:

A M Howarth
B H Leith
S L Payne
I C Ritchie
A E Sisto
R K Turner

At 31 December 2017
Ordinary shares

At 31 December 2016
Ordinary shares

–
5,957,233
–
–
9,183,333
–

–
5,957,233
–
–
6,263,333
–

The  interests  of   the  directors  in  options  granted  by  the  Company  are  disclosed  under  the  “Report  on  Directors
Remuneration”.

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18

Directors’ Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Significant shareholdings

As at 26 March 2018, the company had been notified of  the following shareholdings of  3% or more of  the share capital.

Number of  
Ordinary
Shares 

Percentage of
Issued Shares
Held

John Mahtani
A E Sisto
Bruce H Leith
Canaccord Genuity Group Inc
City Financial Absolute Equity Fund

12,730,000
9,583,333
8,857,233
7,423,808
7,142,857

6.0%
4.5%
4.2%
3.5%
3.4%

Statement of directors’ responsibilities

The  directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  directors’  report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with
applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial period. Under that law the directors
have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
as adopted for use in the European Union. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements
unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of  the state of  affairs of  the Company and of  the profit or
loss of  the Company for that period. In preparing those financial statements, the directors are required to:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state whether the Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the
European Union subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

prepare the accounts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will
continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of  the Company and
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible
for safeguarding the assets of  the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of
fraud and other irregularities.

Disclosure of information

In the case of  each person who was a director at the time this report was approved:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

so far as that director is aware there is no relevant available information of  which the company’s auditors are
unaware; and

that director has taken all steps that the director ought to have taken as a director to make himself  aware of  any
relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors were aware of  that information.

Publication of accounts on the company website

Financial statements are published on the Company’s website. The maintenance and integrity of  the website is the
responsibility of  the directors. The directors’ responsibility also extends to the financial statements contained therein.

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19

Directors’ Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Independent auditors

The auditor, Grant Thornton UK LLP, was appointed on 15 December 2016 in accordance with section 160 (2) of  the
Companies Act 2006. In accordance with S489 (4) of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution to re-appoint Grant Thornton
UK LLP as auditor will be put to the members at the annual general meeting to be held on 24 April 2018.

Signed on behalf  of  the board

Sarah Payne
Director

26 March 2018

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20

Corporate Governance and Compliance
For the year ended 31 December 2017

The Company’s shares are traded on AIM and, accordingly, adoption of  the revised UK Corporate Governance Code
is not mandatory. Whilst the Company does not voluntarily adopt all provisions of  the Code, the Company has drawn
upon best practice available and has sought to comply with a number of  the provisions of  the Code in so far as it
considers them to be appropriate for a company of  this size and nature. Over the past four years as the Company
developed from early stage to established, steps have been taken to increase compliance with more provisions of  the
Corporate Governance Code. In 2016 the first Board Committees were established. The Board is accountable to the
Company’s shareholders for good corporate governance. This report and the Report on Directors’ Remuneration
describe how the Company applies the provisions of  good corporate governance. A fuller version is available on the
Company’s website (www.ternplc.com) under Investors.

Directors

The Company supports the concept of  effective Board leadership and control of  the Company. The Board is responsible
for approving Company policy and strategy. All directors have access to advice from the company secretary and
independent professionals at the Company’s expense.

The Board consists of  three executive directors and two non-executive directors. The non-executive directors are
independent of  management and any business or other relationship which could interfere with the exercise of  his
independent judgement.

The Board members are listed on page 16. 

Board committees

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee was established in November 2016 and is chaired by Alan Howarth.

There was one Audit Committee meeting in 2017. 

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee was established in November 2016 and is chaired by Alan Howarth.

There were three Remuneration Committee meetings in 2017. 

Relations with shareholders

The  Company  values  the  views  of   its  shareholders  and  recognises  their  interest  in  the  Company’s  strategy  and
performance, Board membership and quality of  management. It therefore encourages shareholders to offer their views.

The Company’s website (www.ternplc.com) maintains up to date news flow for shareholders and other interested parties.

The AGM provides an opportunity for shareholders, particularly private investors, to question the Board on issues
arising.

Three shareholder calls per annum provide an opportunity for shareholders to put their questions to the Board.

The notice convening the AGM is the notice of  the meeting sent to shareholders with this report. A separate motion will
be put to the meeting on each substantial issue.

Appointment of directors

The Board deals with all matters relating to the appointment of  directors including determining the specification,
identifying suitable candidates and selection of  the appointee. No separate nominations committee has been formed.

Throughout the year the Articles of  Association have required each director to seek re-election after no more than three
years in office. Therefore, the Board considers it inappropriate that non-executive directors be appointed for a fixed
term as recommended by the Code.

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21

Corporate Governance and Compliance
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Accountability and audit

The Board endeavours to present a balanced and understandable assessment of the Company’s position and prospects
in all reports as well as in the information required to be presented by statutory requirements. All financial information
published by the Company is subject to the approval of  the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the Company’s internal control and risk management systems, and
reviewing and monitoring the requirement for an internal audit function and the effectiveness of  the external audit. The
Committee is responsible for maintaining a system of  internal control to safeguard shareholders’ investments and the
Company’s assets and for reviewing its effectiveness. Such a system is designed to manage, but not eliminate, the risk
of  failure to achieve business objectives. There are inherent limitations in any control system and accordingly even the
most effective systems can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or
loss.

Activities of  the Audit Committee include monitoring the integrity of  the Company’s financial statements and other
formal announcements relating to the Company’s financial performance and reviewing significant financial reporting
judgements contained in them.

The Audit Committee advises the Board on the appointment, reappointment and removal of  the external auditor,
considers its effectiveness and approves its remuneration and terms of  engagement, which includes developing and
implementing a policy on the provision of  non-audit services by the external audit firm. It also reviews and monitors the
independence and objectivity of  the external auditor.

Alan Howarth
Director

26 March 2018

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22

Report on Directors’ Renumeration (Unaudited)
For the year ended 31 December 2017

The  Remuneration  Committee  submits  its Unaudited Report  on  Directors’  Remuneration  for  the  year  ended  31
December 2017.

Remuneration policy

The Remuneration Committee is responsible for agreeing the framework and remuneration policy for the executive
directors and is chaired by Alan Howarth.

The following Remuneration Report is presented for the year ended 31 December 2017.

The policy of  the Remuneration Committee is to provide executive remuneration packages designed to attract, motivate
and retain directors of  the calibre necessary to manage the Company and to reward them for enhancing shareholder
value and return. It aims to provide sufficient levels of remuneration to do this but to avoid paying more than is necessary.

There are three main elements of  the directors’ remuneration package being basic annual salary, performance related
bonus and share option incentives.

All directors’ salaries are reviewed annually by the Remuneration Committee.

Unaudited Directors’ remuneration

The remuneration of each director, excluding share options awards, during the year ended 31 December 2017 is detailed
in the table below:

A G P Forrest
A M Howarth
B H Leith
S L Payne
I C Ritchie
A E Sisto
R K Turner

Share based payment charge
Total remuneration

Salary and 
fees
£
48,117
23,250
46,000
55,999
17,500
68,445
27,461
286,772
118,048
404,820

Pension
payments
£
33
–
–
195
–
–
130
358
–
358

Other 
benefits
£
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Annual
bonuses
£
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

2017
Total
£
48,150
23,250
46,000
56,194
17,500
68,445
27,591
287,130
118,048
405,178

2016
Total
£
48,000
15,000
24,000
54,500
–
52,490
–
193,990
15,317
209,307

Unaudited Directors’ share options

The Director’s outstanding share options as at 31 December 2017 are shown in the table below:

Granted
during the
period

Exercised
during the
period

Outstanding
at 31
December
2016
500,000
250,000
500,000
500,000
–
500,000
–

A G P Forrest
A M Howarth
B H Leith
S L Payne
Ian C Ritchie
A E Sisto
R K Turner

2,500,000
–
2,500,000
2,500,000
–
2,500,000
–

2,250,000 10,000,000

during the

Expired Outstanding
at 31
period December
2017
–
250,000
2,500,000
2,500,000
–
2,500,000
–

3,000,000
–
500,000
500,000
–
500,000
–

4,500,000

7,750,000

Option
Price

Exercise period

13p
8.5p
8.5p

23 Feb 2016 – 22 Feb 2023
19 May 2017 – 18 May 2027
19 May 2017 – 18 May 2027

8.5p

19 May 2017 – 18 May 2027

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–

Further detail on options granted in the year is set out in Note 19.

Alan Howarth

26 March 2018

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23

Independent Auditor’s Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Opinion

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified

We have audited the financial statements of  Tern Plc (the ‘company’) for the year ended 31 December 2017 which
comprise the income statement and statement of  comprehensive income, the statement of  financial position, the
statement of  changes in equity, the statement of  cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary
of  significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of  the
company financial statements is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted
by the European Union.

In our opinion, the financial statements:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

give a true and fair view of  the state of  the company’s affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of its loss for the year
then ended;

have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and

have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of  the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law.
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of  the
financial  statements  section  of   our  report.  We  are  independent  of   the  company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical
requirements that are relevant to our audit of  the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard
as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Who we are reporting to

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of  Part 16 of  the
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as
a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Conclusions relating to going concern

We have nothing to report in respect of  the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to
you where:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

the directors’ use of  the going concern basis of  accounting in the preparation of  the financial statements is not
appropriate; or

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast
significant doubt about the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of  accounting for a
period of  at least twelve months from the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Overview of our audit approach

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Overall materiality: £211,616, which represents 2% of  the company’s net assets 

The key audit matter identified for the company was the valuation of  investments held for trading

(cid:129) We performed a fully substantive based audit on the company

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24

Independent Auditor’s Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of  most significance in our audit of  the
financial statements of  the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of  material misstatement
(whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those that had the greatest effect on: the overall
audit strategy, the allocation of  resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of  the engagement team. These matters
were addressed in the context of  our audit of  the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon,
and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key Audit Matter

How the matter was addressed in the audit

Valuation of investments held
for trading

A significant balance on the statement of
financial position is investments held for
trading of £10.2 million as detailed in
Note 11.

Included in the investments held for
trading is a single investment that
represents 95% of the total investments.
This investment is an early stage
business in an emerging market where
there is a lack of observable inputs and
as such the company has considered
multiple valuation techniques to measure
fair value.  The models used were: 

1. Performance of the business; 

2. Price of comparable companies; and  

3. Valuation of the underlying patent

portfolio. 

There is a risk that the fair value of
investments have not been appropriately
estimated.  We therefore identified the
valuation of investments held for trading
as a significant risk, which was one of
the most significant assessed risks of
material misstatement.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

An assessment of the methodology and the internal control environment
relating to the investments valuation. This involved assessing the design
of   key  controls  relevant  to  the  audit,  that  changes  are  monitored,
scrutinised by appropriate personnel and the final assumptions used in
valuation models have been appropriately approved;

Challenging the methodologies and assumptions used by management in
conducting the investments valuation. This was carried out by challenging
management’s  valuations  models  and  challenging  management  to
consider other valuation models in line with industry practice;

Testing the mathematical accuracy of the valuation calculations;

Testing the key inputs to the assumptions in the valuation methodologies,
which  were performance  and  projections  of   the  investments,  price  of
comparable companies, valuation of  underlying patents, discount rates
and long  term  growth  rates.  This  was  carried  out  by  agreeing
management’s analysis to supporting evidence and carrying out sensitivity
analysis;

Liaising  with  valuation  experts  to  review  the  valuation  models  used
including assessing the appropriateness of  valuation models used and
assessing the inputs to the assumptions; and

Evaluating  the  sufficiency  of   the  disclosures  for  critical  accounting
estimates and judgements related to the valuation of the investments held
for trading.

The Company's accounting policy on investments held for trading is shown
in note 1 to the financial statements, critical accounting judgements and
estimates  included  in  note  3  to  the  financial  statements  and  related
disclosures are included in note 11.

Key observations

With respect to the company’s significant investment, management has
used the aforementioned valuation models to estimate the fair value of
the investment.

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25

Independent Auditor’s Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Key Audit Matter

How the matter was addressed in the audit

(cid:129) Given the nature of  the investment being an early stage business, other
valuation methods such as discounted cash flow analysis used to derive fair
value estimates cannot always be substantiated.

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

Management has therefore evaluated the reasonableness of a range of
values indicated by the results from the models used. Management’s fair
value  measurement  is  the  point  within  that  range  that  is  most
representative of  fair value in the circumstances and management has
concluded that the fair value of this investment has maintained its valuation
since the prior year.

We have considered the valuation techniques in aggregate and concur
with management’s conclusion that the valuation techniques in aggregate
indicates the investment has maintained its valuation since the prior year. 

With respect to the valuation of the remaining investments, these were based
on the price paid in those investments or price paid on recent transactions as
that is the best indicator of fair value. We concur with management’s valuation
of the remaining investments. 

Our application of materiality

We define materiality as the magnitude of  misstatement in the financial statements that makes it probable that the
economic decisions of  a reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or influenced. We use materiality in
determining the nature, timing and extent of  our audit work and in evaluating the results of  that work.

We determined materiality for the audit of  the financial statements as a whole to be £211,616, which is 2% of  net
assets. This benchmark is considered the most appropriate because this is used by readers of  the financial statements
to judge the performance of  the company and is a key performance indicator for management.

Materiality in the prior year was determined as 3% of  total assets. Materiality in the current year was determined as
2% of  net assets as we deemed net assets to be the most appropriate benchmark. Materiality for the current year is
lower than the level that we determined for the year ended 31 December 2016 as a result of  changing the materiality
benchmark. 

We use a different level of  materiality, performance materiality, to drive the extent of  our testing and this was set at
75% of  financial statement materiality. We have also determined a lower level of  specific materiality for certain areas
being directors' remuneration and related party transactions due to the sensitive nature of  these transactions.

We determined the threshold at which we will communicate misstatements to the audit committee to be £10,580. In
addition, we will communicate misstatements below that threshold that, in our view, warrant reporting on qualitative
grounds.

An overview of the scope of our audit

Our audit approach was a risk-based approach founded on a thorough understanding of  the company's business, its
environment and risk profile and in particular included: 

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

gaining an understanding of  and evaluating the company's internal controls environment including its financial
and IT systems and controls; 

a fully substantive based audit over the significant investment and other material balances; and

there have been no significant changes to the key business operations and hence no changes to the audit scope
for the current year. 

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26

Independent Auditor’s Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Report on Directors’
Remuneration included in the annual report set out on page 22, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s
report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of  assurance conclusion thereon. In connection
with our audit of  the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the
audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If  we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material
misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a
material misstatement of  the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a
material misstatement of  this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Our opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 is unmodified 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of  the audit:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report under the Companies Act 2006

In the light of  the knowledge and understanding of  the company and its environment obtained in the course of  the
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

We have nothing to report in respect of  the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us
to report to you if, in our opinion:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have
not been received from branches not visited by us; or

the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

certain disclosures of  directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements

As explained more fully in the Statement of directors’ responsibilities set out on page 18, the directors are responsible
for the preparation of  the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such
internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of  financial statements that are free
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company’s ability to continue as
a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic
alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion.
Reasonable assurance is a high level of  assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 27

27

Independent Auditor’s Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017

are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of  users taken on the basis of  these financial statements.

A further description of  our responsibilities for the audit of  the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting
Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of  our auditor’s report.

Nicholas Watson

Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf  of  Grant Thornton UK LLP
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants
London

26 March 2018

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 28

28

Income Statement and Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Turnover

Movement in fair value of  investments

Gross (loss)/profit

Administration costs

Other expenses

Operating (loss)/profit

Finance income

Finance costs

(Loss)/profit before tax

Tax

Notes

7

6

7

8

9

2017
£

97,940

(757,705)

(659,765)

(740,923)

(289,680)

2016
£

69,715

6,043,158

6,112,873

(609,680)

(191,299)

(1,690,368)

5,311,894

1,020

(207)

1,198

(16,459)

(1,689,555)

5,296,633

–

–

(Loss)/profit for the period

(1,689,555)

5,296,633

Since there is no other comprehensive income, the loss for the period is the same as the total comprehensive income
for the period.

EARNINGS PER SHARE:

Basic (loss)/profit per share

Fully diluted (loss)/profit per share

10

(1.4) pence

(1.4) pence

6.4 pence

6.4 pence

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of  these financial statements.

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 29

29

Statement of Financial Position
As at 31 December 2017

ASSETS

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Investments held for trading

CURRENT ASSETS

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Share capital

Share premium

Loan note equity reserve

Share option and warrant reserve

Retained deficit

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

Borrowings

TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

TOTAL LIABILITIES

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Notes

2017
£

2016
£

11

10,218,625

10,218,625

10,601,330

10,601,330

12

13

14

14

15

17

576,849

273,826

850,675

100,515

762,851

863,366

11,069,300

11,464,696

1,330,225

13,237,362

123,482

175,982

(4,286,249)

1,325,270

12,390,310

20,650

1,088,595

(3,637,086)

10,580,802

11,187,739

277,164

277,164

211,334

211,334

488,498

172,517

172,517

104,440

104,440

276,957

11,069,300

11,464,696

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of  Directors on 26 March 2018 and
were signed on its behalf  by:

Sarah Payne
Director

Company number 05131386

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of  these financial statements.

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 30

30

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Share
capital
£

Share
premium
£

Loan note Option and
warrant
reserve
£

equity
reserve
£

Retained
deficit
£

Total
equity
£

Balance at 31 December 2015

1,314,118

8,393,536

20,650

897,296

(8,933,719)

1,691,881

Total comprehensive income

–

–

Transactions with owners

Issue of  share capital

11,152

4,210,311

Share issue costs

Share based payment charge

–

–

(213,537)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

191,299

5,296,633

5,296,633

–

–

–

4,221,463

(213,537)

191,299

Balance at 31 December 2016

1,325,270

12,390,310

20,650

1,088,595

(3,637,086) 11,187,739

Total comprehensive income

–

–

Transactions with owners

Issue of  share capital

4,955

972,208

–

–

Issue of  convertible loan note

Share and loan issue costs

Transfer on conversion of  
convertible loan notes

Transfer of  lapsed and 
exercised warrants

Transfer of  option reserve

Share based payment charge

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

112,563

(125,156)

–

(9,731)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(1,689,555) ( 1,689,555)

–

–

–

977,163

112,563

(125,156)

9,731

713,326

199,287

118,048

–

–

–

118,048

–

–

–

(713,326)

(199,287)

–

Balance at 31 December 2017

1,330,225

13,237,362

123,482

175,982

(4,286,249) 10,580,802

Share capital

The amount subscribed for shares at nominal value. 

Share premium

This represents the excess of  the amount subscribed for share capital over the nominal value of  the respective shares
net of  share issue expenses.

Loan note equity reserve

This represents the equity component of  convertible loans issued. During 2017, the balance relating to lapsed or
converted options and warrants was transferred to retained deficit.

Option and warrant reserve

This represents the calculated value of  the options and warrants issued.

Retained earnings

Cumulative loss of  the Company.

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of  these financial statements.

248191 Tern AR pp17-pp31  26/03/2018  17:43  Page 31

31

Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 December 2017

OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Net cash used in operations

Purchase of  investments

Loan to investee companies

Notes

21

2017
£

(783,866)

(375,000)

(402,436)

2016
£

(64,729)

(3,460,000)

–

Net cash used in operating activities

(1,561,302)

(3,524,729)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Proceeds on issues of  shares

Share issue expenses

Proceeds from exercise of  warrants

Proceeds from exercise of  options

Proceeds on issue of  loan note

Interest received

Net cash from financing activities

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of  year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of  year

603,110

(125,156)

34,303

9,000

550,000

1,020

4,217,500

(213,537)

3,963

–

–

1,198

1,072,277

4,009,124

(489,025)

762,851

273,826

484,395

278,456

762,851

The accompanying accounting policies and notes are an integral part of  these financial statements.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 32

32

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

1.

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of  these financial statements are set out below. 

1.1

GENERAL INFORMATION
Tern plc is an investing company specialising in private software companies, predominantly in the Internet of
Things.

The Company is a public limited company, incorporated in England and Wales, with its shares traded on AIM,
a market of  that name operated by the London Stock Exchange.

The address of  Tern’s registered office is 27/28 Eastcastle Street, London W1W 8DH. Items included in the
financial statements of  the Company are measured in Pound Sterling, which is the Company’s presentational
and functional currency.

1.2

BASIS OF PREPARATION
The financial statements of  the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) adopted by the European Union (EU) and therefore the financial statements
comply with Article 4 of  the EU IAS Regulation.

IFRS is subject to amendment and interpretation by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and
the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) and there is an ongoing process of
review and endorsement by the European Commission. The financial statements have been prepared on the
basis of  the recognition and measurement principles of  the IFRS that were applicable at 31 December 2017.

The preparation of  financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires
the use of  estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of  assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of  revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of  the amount, event or actions, actual
results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis. Historical cost is generally based on
the fair value of  the consideration given in exchange for the assets. The principal accounting policies set out
below have been consistently applied to all periods presented, except where stated.

In accordance with IFRS 10, par 4 the Company has taken the exemption not to present consolidated financial
statements as it is an investing company that measures all of  its investments at fair value through the income
statement.

1.3

GOING CONCERN
The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.

The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue operating
for the foreseeable future. For this reason, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the
Company’s financial statements.

1.4

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

International Financial Reporting Standards (“Standards”) in issue but not yet effective

The Company has not applied the following new and revised IFRSs that have been issued but are not yet
effective:

●

●

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (issued on 24 July 2014 and effective for periods after 1 January 2018)

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (issued on 28 May 2014) including amendments to
IFRS 15: Effective date of  IFRS 15 (issued on 11 September 2015 and effective for periods on or after
1 January 2018)

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 33

33

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

1.

ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

IFRS 16 Leases (issued on 13 January 2016 and effective for periods on or after 1 January 2019)

Clarifications to IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (issued on 12 April 2016 and effective
for periods on or after 1 January 2018)

Amendments to IFRS 2: Classification and Measurement of  Share-based Payment Transactions (issued
on 20 June 2016 and not yet endorsed)

Amendments to IFRS 9: Prepayment features with negative compensation (issued 12 October 2017 and
effective for periods on or after 1 January 2018)

Annual improvements to IFRS 2014-2016 Cycle (issued 8 December 2016) – Relating to IFRS 1 First
time adoption of  IFRS and IAS 28 Investment in associates and joint ventures

Annual  improvements  to  IFRS  2014-2016  Cycle  (issued  8 December  2016)  – Relating  to  IFRS 12
Disclosure of  interest in other entities

Annual improvements to IFRS 2015-2017 Cycle (issued 12 December 2017) – Relating to IAS 12 Income
taxes, IAS 23 Borrowing costs, IFRS 3 Business combinations and IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements

IFRIC Interpretation 22 Foreign currency transactions and advance considerations (issued on 8 December
2016 and not yet endorsed)

IFRIC  Interpretation 23  Uncertainty  over  Income  Tax  Treatments  (issued  in  June  2017  and  not  yet
endorsed)

Management have additionally performed a review to identify the impact of  IFRS9 ‘Financial Instruments’
(effective 1 January 2018). The new standard is based on the concept that financial assets should be classified
and measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in profit and loss as they arise (“FVPL”),
unless restrictive criteria are met for classifying and measuring the asset at either Amortised Cost or Fair Value
Through Other Comprehensive Income (“FVOCI”). The financial assets which the Company holds are loans
and receivables, for which changes to the fair value are posted to the income statement. Similarly, any changes
to the fair value of  investments held for trading at the year end are also posted to the income statement.

TURNOVER
Turnover is recognised, as amounts are invoiced, earned and become payable, with adjustment for any amount
that is considered uncollectable. Turnover reflects fees charged for management services and is recognised
rateably over the life of  the contract and the provision of  such services.

TAXATION
The charge for current tax is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items which are non-assessable
or disallowed. It is calculated using rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the statement of
financial position date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised where the carrying amount of  an asset or liability in the
statement of  financial position differs to its tax base, except for differences arising on:

(cid:129)

(cid:129)

the initial recognition of  an asset or liability which is not a business combination and at the time of  the
transaction affects neither accounting or taxable profit; and

investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities where the Company is able to control the timing
of  the reversal of  the difference and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable
future.

Recognition of  deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that the taxable profit
will be available against which the differences can be utilised.

The amount of  the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantially
enacted  by  the  reporting  date  and  are  expected  to  apply  when  the  deferred  tax  liabilities/(assets)  are
settled/(recovered). Deferred tax balances are not discounted.

1.5

1.6

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 34

34

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

1.

1.7

ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS

Assets carried at cost

If  there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an unquoted equity instrument that is not carried at
fair value because its fair value cannot be reliably measured, has been incurred, the amount of  the loss is
measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of  estimated future
cash flows discounted at the current market rate of  return for a similar financial asset.

Assets carried at amortised cost

If  there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on loans and receivables carried at amortised cost has
been incurred, the amount of  the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and
the present value of  estimated future cash flows discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest
rate. The carrying amount of  the asset is reduced, with the amount of  the loss recognised in administration
costs.

If  in a subsequent period, the amount of  the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related
objectively to an event occurring after the impairment charge was recognised, the previously recognised
impairment loss is reversed. Any subsequent reversal of  an impairment loss is recognised in the income
statement, to the extent that the carrying value of  the asset does not exceed its amortised cost at the reversal
date.

INVESTMENTS
Investments are recognised at fair value through the income statement. Changes in foreign exchange rates
impact investments valued in a foreign currency.

TRADE RECEIVABLES
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment
of  trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect
all amounts due according to the original terms of  receivables. The amount of  the provision is the difference
between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of  estimated future cash flows discounted at the
effective interest rate. The amount of  the provision is recognised in the income statement.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents are carried in the statement of  financial position at cost. Cash and cash equivalents
comprise cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with original
maturities of  three months or less and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are included within borrowings in
current liabilities on the statement of  financial position.

TRADE PAYABLES
Trade payables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using
the effective interest rate method.

EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
Equity instruments are recorded at the proceeds received net of  direct issue costs.

CONVERTIBLE LOANS
Convertible loans are accounted for as compound instruments. The fair value of  the liability portion of  the
convertible loan notes is determined using a market interest rate for an equivalent non-convertible loan note.
This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis until extinguished on conversion or maturity
of  the loan notes. The remainder of  the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option, which is recognised
and included in shareholders’ equity, net of  tax effects, and is not subsequently re-measured.

1.8

1.9

1.10

1.11

1.12

1.13

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 35

35

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

1.

1.14

ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
All share based payments are accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2 – “Share-based payments”. The
Company  issues  equity-settled  share  based  payments  in  the  form  of   share  options  to  certain  directors,
employees and advisors. Equity settled share based payments are measured at fair value at the date of  grant.
The fair value determined at the grant date of  equity-settled share based payments is expensed on a straight
line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate of  shares that will eventually vest.

Fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes and binomial valuation models. The expected life used in the
model has been adjusted, on the basis of  management’s best estimate for the effects of  non-transferability,
exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. At each statement of  financial position date, the Company
revises its estimate of  the number of  equity instruments expected to vest as a result of  the effect of  non-
market based vesting conditions. The impact of  the revision of  the original estimates, if  any, is recognised in
profit or loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment
to retained earnings.

2.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company uses a limited number of  financial instruments, comprising cash, short-term deposits, loans
and overdrafts and various items such as trade receivables and payables, which arise directly from operations.
The Company does not trade in financial instruments.

2.1

FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS
The Company’s financial instruments comprise its investment portfolio, cash balances, debtors and creditors
that arise directly from its operations. The Company is exposed to market risk through the use of  financial
instruments and specifically to liquidity risk, market price risk and credit risk, which result from the Company’s
operating activities.

The Board’s policy for managing these risks is summarised below.

2.1

FINANCIAL RISK FACTORS (continued)

Liquidity risk

The Company makes investments in private companies for the medium term. The Company manages this risk
by holding cash to support its investments and for working capital. The Company has convertible loans from
the directors and a convertible unsecured loan note. Whilst the Company has no quoted investments at present,
if  it holds such investments these may be sold to meet the Company’s funding requirements.

As the Company has no significant interest bearing assets, the Company’s income and operating cash flows
are substantially independent of  changes in market interest rates.

The following table shows the contractual maturities of  the Company’s financial liabilities, including repayments
of  both principal and interest where applicable.

As at 31 December 2017

6 months or less

1 to 2 years

Total contractual cash flows

Trade and
other Payables
£

75,584

–

77,584

Convertible
Loans
£

162,437

48,897

211,334

Total
£

238,021

48,897

286,918

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 36

36

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

2.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

Market price risk
When the Company owns quoted investments, it will be exposed to market price risk as shown by movements
in the value of  its equity investments. Any such risk will be regularly monitored by the directors.

The investments currently held are not liquid as all the investments are unquoted. 

Credit risk

The Company’s primary credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and other
financial institutions. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high
credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies.

2.2

2.3

CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a
going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders, benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an
optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of  capital.

The Company monitors capital on the basis of  carrying amount of  equity, less cash and cash equivalents as
presented on the face of  the statement of  financial position. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure,
the Company may adjust the amount of  dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue
new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

FAIR VALUE ESTIMATION
The nominal value less impairment provision of  trade receivables and payables is assumed to approximate
their fair values. The fair value of  financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is estimated by discounting the
future contractual cash flows at the current market interest rate that is available to the Company for similar
financial instruments.

3.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors,
including expectations of  future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates
will, by definition, rarely equal the related actual results. The key sources of  estimation uncertainty that have
a significant risk of  causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of  assets and liabilities within the
next financial year are outlined below.

Income taxes

Judgement is required in determining the Company’s provision for income tax. Where the final tax outcome is
different from the amounts that were initially recorded, the differences will impact the income tax and deferred
tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company holds investments that have been designated as held for trading on initial recognition. Where
practicable the Company determines the fair value of  these financial instruments that are not quoted (Level 3)
using the most recent bid price at which a transaction has been carried out. These techniques are significantly
affected by certain key assumptions, such as market liquidity. Given the nature of  the investments being early
stage business, other valuation methods such as discounted cash flow analysis assess estimates of  future
cash flows to derive fair value estimates cannot always be substantiated by comparison with independent
markets and, in many cases, may not be capable of  being realised immediately.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 37

37

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

3.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS (continued)

Device Authority has maintained its US dollar valuation compared to 2016 without a bid price comparison in
the year. It is an early stage business in an emerging market where there is a lack of  comparative businesses
available on which to provide a comparable valuation and therefore valuation was based on a combination of
factors including the independent valuation of  Device Authority’s patent portfolio, a comparison to transaction
multiples in comparable market sectors and an evaluation of  sales pipeline and 2018 trading forecast. This
supported a valuation in line with 2016, although an exchange rate loss was recognised on translation at the
balance sheet date.

Share based payments

The calculation of  the fair value of  equity-settled share based awards and the resulting charge to the statement
of  comprehensive income requires assumptions to be made regarding future events and market conditions.
These assumptions include the future volatility of  the Company’s share price. These assumptions are then
applied to a recognised valuation model in order to calculate the fair value of  the awards. Details of  these
assumptions are set out in Notes 18 and 19.

The critical judgement that has a significant risk of  causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of
assets and liabilities within the next financial year is the assessment that investments should be held at fair
value through the profit and loss rather than being consolidated.

4.

SEGMENTAL REPORTING

The accounting policy for identifying segments is based on internal management reporting information that is
regularly reviewed by the chief  operating decision maker, which is identified as the Board of  Directors.

In  identifying  its  operating  segments,  management  generally  follows  the  Company’s  service  lines  which
represent the main products and services provided by the Company. The directors believe that the Company’s
continuing investment operations comprise one segment.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 38

38

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

5.

STAFF COSTS

Staff  costs for the Company during the period, including directors

Wages and salaries

Consultancy fees

Social security costs

Share based payment charge

Total staff  costs

2017
£

203,864

82,908

22,943

118,048

427,763

2016
£

117,052

76,938

6,681

15,317

215,988

The average number of  people (including executive directors) employed by the Company during the period
was:

Directors

Total

2017
No

5

5

2016
No

5

5

DIRECTORS’ AND REMUNERATION
Other than directors the Company had no employees. Total remuneration paid to directors during the period
was as follows:

Directors’ remuneration

– Salaries and benefits

– Consultancy fees

– Share based payment charge

Total directors’ remuneration

2017
£

203,864

82,908

118,048

404,820

2016
£

117,052

76,938

15,317

209,307

Total remuneration of  the highest paid director (including share based 

payment charge) was

97,957

54,500

A summary of  remuneration paid to each director, including pension payments, is included in the Report on
Directors’ Remuneration (page 20).

6.

OTHER EXPENSES

Share based payment (options and warrants)

Other provisions

One-off  legal costs

2017
£

118,048

71,000

100,632

289,680

2016
£

191,299

–

–

191,299

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 39

39

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

7.

OPERATING PROFIT/(LOSS)

Profit/(Loss) from operations has been arrived at after charging:

Remuneration of  directors

Auditor’s remuneration

– Audit services

– Tax compliance services

– Tax advisory services

Device Authority auditors’ remuneration

– Other non-audit services

– Tax compliance services

– Tax advisory services

Operating profit/(loss) reconciliation

2016 operating profit

Adjust for impact of  Device Authority fair value revaluation

Adjust for exchange loss on revaluation of  Device Authority in 2017

Other movements

2017 operating loss

8.

FINANCE COSTS

Interest charge in respect of  shareholder convertible loan notes

Write back of  interest charged on investee company convertible loan note

9.

TAXATION

Taxation attributable to the Company

2017
£

2016
£

404,820

209,307

25,000

3,500

18,750

8,000

3,500

5,500

2017
£

207

–

207

2017
£

–

20,000

3,500

–

14,000

3,500

5,000

£

5,296,633

(6,129,885)

(757,705)

(98,598)

(1,689,555)

2016
£

7,046

9,413

16,459

2016
£

–

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 40

40

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

9.

TAXATION (continued)

Domestic income tax is calculated at 20% (2016: 20%) of  the estimated assessable profit for the period. The
charge for the period can be reconciled to the loss per the income statement as follows:

(Loss)/profit before tax

Tax at domestic income tax rate

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Share based payment charge

Fair value movement

Exchange rate loss

Unutilised tax losses

Tax (credit)/expense

2017
£

2016
£

(1,689,555)

5,296,633

(337,911)

1,059,327

1,161

23,609

(3,524)

155,065

161,600

–

996

38,260

(1,151,696)

–

53,113

–

The Company has unutilised losses of  approximately £5.9 million (2016: £5.1 million) resulting in a deferred
tax asset of  approximately £1.2 million (2016: £1.0 million). The Company has not recognised a deferred tax
asset in respect of  these losses as there is insufficient evidence of  future taxable profits.

10.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

(Loss)/profit for the purposes of  basic and fully diluted earnings per share

(1,689,555)

5,296,633

2017
£

2016
£

Weighted average number of  ordinary shares:

For calculation of  basic earnings per share

For calculation of  fully diluted earnings per share

Earnings per share: 

Basic (loss)/earnings per share

Fully diluted (loss)/earnings per share

2017
Number

2016
Number

124,586,665

124,586,665

82,298,281

82,298,281

2017

2016

(1.4) pence

(1.4) pence

6.4 pence

6.4 pence

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 41

41

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

11.

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

INVESTMENTS HELD FOR TRADING

Cost of  investments brought forward

Additions

Conversion of  loan note to equity

Sale of  investment

Cost of  investments carried forward

Fair value adjustment to investments

Exchange loss

2017
£

10,601,330

375,000

–

–

10,976,330

17,621

(775,326)

2016
£

810,350

3,460,000

610,000

(37,500)

4,842,850

5,758,480

–

Fair value of  investments carried forward

10,218,625

10,601,330

All the investments held by the Company are Level 3 investments as defined in Note 16.

12.

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Trade receivables

Prepayments

Social security and other taxes

Loan to investee companies

Other receivables

Total

2017
£

100,714

5,683

–

402,436

68,016

576,849

2016
£

1,034

32,033

6,472

–

60,976

100,515

The directors consider that the carrying amount of  trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.
There is no provision for bad debt.

The other classes within trade and other receivables do not contain impaired assets.

The  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  at  the  reporting  date  is  the  fair  value  of   each  class  of   receivable
mentioned above. The Company does not hold any collateral as security.

Loan to investee companies includes a £382,436 secured convertible loan note to Device Authority which has
been valued at cost, which is taken as fair value.

13.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash at bank and on hand

2017
£

2016
£

273,826

762,851

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 42

42

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

14.

ISSUED SHARE CAPITAL

ISSUED AND FULLY PAID:

At 31 December 2016

Ordinary shares of  £0.0002

Deferred shares of  £29.999

Deferred shares of  £0.00099

Number of  shares
No.

Nominal value
£

Share premium
£

118,511,443

23,702

42,247

1,267,368

34,545,072

34,200

153,098,762

1,325,270

12,390,310

Ordinary shares issued for cash

Ordinary shares issued on exercise of  warrant

9,138,027

1,077,385

Ordinary shares issued on conversion of  loan stock

14,460,000

Ordinary shares issued on exercise of  share options

100,000

Share issue expenses

–

1,828

215

2,892

20

–

601,282

34,088

327,858

8,980

(125,156)

At 31 December 2017

Ordinary shares of  £0.0002

Deferred shares of  £29.999

Deferred shares of  £0.00099

Ordinary shares

177,874,174

1,330,225

13,237,362

143,286,855

28,657

42,247

1,267,368

34,545,072

34,200

177,874,174

1,330,225

13,237,362

The shares have attached to them full voting, dividend and capital distribution (including on winding up) rights.
They do not confer any rights of  redemption.

Deferred shares of £29.999

The shares have no voting or dividend rights. There are no capital distribution (including on winding up) rights,
other than to receive the nominal amount paid on the shares, after the ordinary shareholders have received
the sum of  £100 per share.

Deferred shares of £0.00099

The shares have no dividend or voting rights. There are no capital distribution rights including on winding up,
other than to receive the nominal amount paid on the shares. The company has the right to purchase all the
shares for £1.

On 13 August 2017, 9,138,027 ordinary shares were issued at 6.6p per share for cash as the result of  a private
placing, raising £603,110 before expenses.

On 19 December 2017, 10,000,000 ordinary shares of 0.02p were issued on conversion of  loan stock at 2.75p
per share.

During the year 4,460,000 ordinary shares of  0.02p were issued to directors of  the Company on conversion
of  loan stock at 1.25p per share.

During the year 100,000 ordinary shares of  0.02p were issued to a previous director of  the Company on
exercise of  options at 9p per share.

During the year 879,234 ordinary shares of  0.02p were issued to warrant holders on exercise of  warrants at
3p per share and 198,151 ordinary shares of  0.02p were issued to warrant holders on exercise of  warrants at
4p per share.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 43

43

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

15.

TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

Trade payables

Accruals

Payroll control

Other taxes and social security

Total

2017
£

47,600

201,580

18,699

9,285

277,164

2016
£

73,554

94,950

–

4,013

172,517

The directors consider that the carrying amount of  trade payables approximates to their fair value.

16.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FINANCIAL ASSETS
The Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories: at fair value through profit or loss,
held to maturity, loans and receivables, and available-for-sale. The classification depends on the purpose for
which  the  financial  instrument  was  acquired.  Management  determines  the  classification  of   its  financial
instruments at initial recognition and re-evaluates this designation at each financial period end.

When financial assets are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value, being the transaction price plus
directly attributable transaction costs. See the Investment Report on pages 13-15.

Investments held for trading
All investments determined upon initial recognition as held at fair value through profit or loss are designated
as investments held for trading. Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade date basis. Asset sales
are recognised at the trade date of  the disposal. Assets are sold at their fair value, which comprises the
proceeds of  sale less any transaction cost. The fair value of  the financial instruments in the statement of
financial position is based on the quoted bid price at the statement of  financial position date, with no deduction
for any estimated future selling cost. Unquoted investments are valued by the directors using primary valuation
techniques such as recent transactions, last price and net asset value. Changes in the fair value of  investments
held at fair value through profit or loss and gains and losses on disposal are recognised in the statement of
comprehensive income as “movement in fair value of  investments”. Investments are initially measured at fair
value plus incidental acquisition costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value in accordance with IAS 39.
This is either the bid price or the last traded price, depending on the convention of  the exchange on which the
investment is quoted.

The Company determines the fair value of  its investments based on the following hierarchy:

LEVEL 1 – Where financial instruments are traded in active financial markets, fair value is determined by
reference to the appropriate quoted market price at the reporting date. Active markets are those in which
transactions occur in significant frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an on-going basis.

LEVEL 2 – If there is no active market, fair value is established using valuation techniques, including discounted
cash flow models. The inputs to these models are taken from observable market data including recent arm’s
length market transactions, and comparisons to the current fair value of  similar instruments; but where this is
not feasible, inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility are used.

LEVEL 3 – Valuations in this level are those with inputs that are not based on observable market data.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 44

44

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

16.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (continued)

The following table shows the Levels within the hierarchy of  investments measured at fair value on a recurring
basis at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016:

31 December 2017

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Investments held for trading (£)

Investee company convertible loan (£)

–

–

–

–

10,218,625

10,218,625

382,436

382,436

31 December 2016

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Investments held for trading (£)

–

–

10,601,330

10,601,330

The fair value assessment was made by the directors’ using the price of the shares in the most recent fundraise,
where this was available. This was coupled with an assessment of  market valuations on recent transactions
and a review of  underlying asset values to support the valuation applied. If  no such fundraise had occurred
then the cost of  the investment was used, which the directors assessed equated to fair value.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not
quoted in an active market, do not qualify as trading assets and have not been designated as either fair value
through profit or loss or available-for-sale. Such assets are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest
rate method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of  comprehensive income when the loans and
receivables are derecognised or impaired, as well as through the amortisation process.

17.

BORROWINGS

Shareholder Loans

Convertible unsecured loan note

2017
£

48,897

162,437

211,334

2016
£

104,440

–

104,440

SHAREHOLDER LOANS
On 16 August 2013, the Company entered into an agreement for the issue of  £200,000 convertible loan notes
repayable on 1 January 2015 if  not converted prior to that date, this date was subsequently extended to
1 January 2016 in December 2014. The Shareholder Loans are interest free and unsecured and may be
converted at 2.016p per share at any time prior to the redemption date. In December 2016 the repayment date
for the balance of  the loan outstanding was extended to 1 January 2019. On 1 January 2017 and 31 December
2017, £15,000 of  this loan was outstanding. Assuming full conversion, this would convert into 744,047 ordinary
shares.

On 30 July 2014, the Company issued a convertible loan note for £100,000, interest free and repayable on
1 January 2016. In December 2016, the repayment date for the balance of  the loan outstanding was extended
to  1  January  2019.  The  loan  is  convertible  at  1.25p  per  share  at  any  time  prior  to  the  redemption  date.
On 31 December 2017 £5,000 of  the loan was outstanding (2016: £41,500). Assuming full conversion, this
would convert into 400,000 ordinary shares.

On 17 September 2014, the Company issued £200,000 convertible loan notes, interest free and repayable on
1  January  2016.  The  loan  is  convertible  at  1.25p  per  share  at  any  time  prior  to  the  redemption  date.
In December 2016 the repayment date for the balance of  the loan outstanding was extended to 1 January
2019. On 31 December 2017 £36,250 of  the loan was outstanding (2016: £55,500). Assuming full conversion,
this would convert to 2,900,000 ordinary shares.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 45

45

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

17.

BORROWINGS (continued)

The net proceeds from the issue of  the Shareholder Loans have been split between the liability element and
an equity component, representing the fair value of  the embedded option to convert the liability into equity of
the Company.

Liability brought forward

Loan notes converted

Interest charge

Liability at 31 December

LOAN MATURITY ANALYSIS

Non-current liabilities – More than one year, but not more than five years

2017
£

104,440

(55,336)

(207)

48,897

2017
£

–

–

2016
£

97,394

–

7,046

104,440

2016
£

104,440

104,440

CONVERTIBLE UNSECURED LOAN NOTE
In November 2017, the Company agreed a Convertible Unsecured Loan Note facility of  up to £2.2 million
(“CULN”). The CULNs were to be issued in principal amounts of  £25,000 and aggregated into four tranches
(the “Tranches”). The first tranche was issued in November 2017.

The CULNs are convertible at any time before the maturity date, being the third anniversary of  the relevant
issue of  the CULNs at the lesser of  : a) 125% of  the closing mid-price one trading day before the date of  any
Issue; or b) the lowest closing bid price from the three previous trading days prior to notice of  conversion being
served. The CULNs shall not bear interest. In certain events of  default or a change of  control, a redemption
of  up to a maximum of  120 per cent. would be payable. The Company can redeem at any time one or more
CULNs at a price equal to 105 per cent. of  the CULNs.

£275,000 of  the issued CULN had been exercised by the year end with £275,000 remaining.

The binomial method was used to calculate the fair value of  the CULN. The table below lists the inputs to the
model used for the options granted during the year:

Stock price

Strike price

Expected volatility

Time to maturity in years

Binomial steps

Directors (2017)

2.5 pence

2.25 pence

100%

3

20

The debt element of  the CULN was assessed as £162,437, with £112,563 held in an equity reserve.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 46

46

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

18.

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

WARRANTS
On 15 September 2014, 396,302 warrants were issued to the vendor of  Device Authority, exercisable at any
time prior to 12 September 2017. 198,151 of  the warrants were exercisable at 2p per share and 198,151 were
exercisable at 4p per share. At 1 January 2017 198,151 of  the warrants remained and these were exercised
in full during the year at 4p per share. 

On 25 November 2014, 1,260,000 warrants were issued on a one for ten basis to subscribers to the placing
for 12,600,000 shares at 3p per share on that date. The warrants were exercisable at 3p per share at any time
prior to 3 December 2017. As at 1 January 2017 905,645 warrants remained outstanding. During the year,
879,234 warrants were exercised and 26,411 lapsed.

On 7 October 2016, 18,214,277 warrants were issued on a one for every two shares to subscribers in the
fund¬raising round on that date. In that round, 36,428,557 shares were issued at 7p per share. The warrants
are exercisable at 12p per share at any time prior to 12 April 2018. None of  these warrants were exercised
during the year.

The estimated fair value of  the warrants issued in 2016 was calculated by applying the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The assumptions used in the calculation were as follows:

Share price at date of  grant
Exercise price
Expected dividend
Contractual life
Risk free rate
Estimated fair value of  each warrant

8.0 pence
12.0 pence
Nil
1.5 years from vesting date
2.5%
0.97 pence

A total share based payment charge of  £175,982 was expensed in 2016 in respect of  the warrants issued.

The number of  warrants outstanding at 31 December 2017 was as follows:

Date of
issue

At 31 Dec
2016

12.09.14

25.11.14

198,151

905,645

07.10.16 18,214,277

19,318,073

Issued

Exercised

Lapsed

At 31 Dec
2017

Exercise Exercisable
on or
Price per
before
share

–

–

–

–

198,151

879,234 

–

–

26,411

–

–

4.0p

3.0p

12.09.17

3.12.17

–

18,214,277

12.0p

12.04.18

1,077,385

26,411

18,214,277

19.

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

OPTIONS
The Company operates an equity settled share based remuneration scheme for directors, employees and
advisors.  Under  the  director  and  employees’  scheme  issued  during  the  year,  options  may  be  granted  to
purchase shares which must be exercised within ten years from the date of  the grant.

The options will be capable of  exercise on the third anniversary of  the grant date according to the increase in
share price on the vesting date. If  the share price has increased by 100% then 100% of  the shares will vest
and if  there has been no increase in share price, then 0% of  the shares will vest. Between these two points
the options will vest on a straight-line basis.

Under the previous scheme, which is still in place for the non-executive director and previous directors, shares
were  granted  which  must  be  exercised  within  seven  years  from  the  date  of   grant.  These  options  vest
immediately on issue. 

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 47

47

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

19.

SHARE BASED PAYMENT CHARGES (continued)

In 2015 share options were issued to a professional adviser as part of  their fees. Under the advisors’ scheme
options may be granted to purchase shares which must be exercised within five years from the date of  grant.
The advisor options vest quarterly over the first twelve months.

The binomial method was used to calculate the fair value of  the new director and employees’ scheme. The
Black Scholes method was used for all other schemes to calculate the fair value of  options at the date of  grant.
The table below lists the inputs to the model used for the options granted during the year:

Stock price

Strike price

Expected volatility

Time to maturity in years

Binomial steps

Directors (2017)

2.5 pence

8.5 pence

100%

3

20

A total share based payment charge of  £118,048 was expensed in 2017 (2016: £15,317) in respect of  the
options granted, of  this £118,048 (2016: £15,317) related to options issued to directors during the year.

The share options held as at 31 December 2017 are set out in the table below:

Outstanding at
31 December
2016

Granted
during the
period

Exercised
during the
period

Lapsed  Outstanding at
31 December
2016

During the
period

Option
Price 

Exercisable
on or
before

Directors

1,500,000

10,000,000

500,000

250,000

–

–

Total 
Directors

2,250,000

10,000,000

–

–

–

–

4,000,000

500,000

7,500,000

8.5p 18 May 2027

–

15.25p 28 Oct 2022

–

250,000

13p 22 Feb 2023

4,500,000

7,750,000

Other

1,000,000

–

100,000

–

200,000

250,000

–

–

–

–

–

–

900,000

200,000

250,000

9p 15 Feb 2022

8.5p 18 May 2027

15p 16 Dec 2020

Total 
Options

3,500,000

10,200,000

100,000

4,500,000

9,100,000

Note: A detailed breakdown of  directors’ options is set out in the Report on Directors’ Remuneration.

20.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

During 2014, £300,000 was advanced by the directors by way of interest free convertible loans. At 31 December
2017, the balance of  loans unconverted was £48,897 (2016: £104,440), plus an additional £10,919 relating to
equity (2016: £20,650).

Device Authority Limited, a company in which Tern has a controlling shareholding, is also considered a related
party.  During  the  year  Tern  invoiced  Device  Authority  Limited  £20,000  (2016:  £39,715)  in  respect  of
management services. At the year-end Tern was owed £12,000 in trade receivables by Device Authority Limited
(2016: nil). Tern has also provided a convertible loan note to Device Authority Limited. As at 31 December
2017, £382,436 was outstanding (2016: nil). 

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 48

48

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2017

20.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)

flexiOPS Limited, a company wholly owned by Tern, is also considered a related party. During the year Tern
invoiced flexiOPS £60,000 (2016: £30,000) in respect of  management services. As at 31 December 2017 Tern
was owed £6,000 in trade receivables by flexiOPS Limited. Tern has also provided a working capital loan to
flexiOPS Limited. As at 31 December 2017, £20,000 was outstanding (2016: nil).

InVMA Limited, a company in which Tern has a 50% shareholding, is also considered a related party. During
the year, Tern invoiced InVMA Limited £67,651 (2016: nil) in respect of  management and legal services. As at
31 December 2017 Tern was owed £81,181 in trade receivables by InVMA Limited.

Wyld Technologies Limited, a company in which flexiOPS Limited has a 90% shareholding, is also considered
a related party. During the year Tern invoiced Wyld Technologies Limited £1,333 (2016: nil). As at 31 December
2017 Tern was owed £1,533 in trade receivables by Wyld Technologies Limited. 

During the year, Leith Partners Limited, a company in which Bruce Leith has a controlling shareholding, invoiced
the Company £14,000 for management services (2016: £24,000). There were no amounts outstanding to or
from the company at 31 December 2017.

During the year, Sixth Bridge LLC, a company in which Al Sisto has a controlling shareholding, invoiced the
Company £45,658 for management services (2016: £37,938). There were no amounts outstanding to or from
the company at 31 December 2017.

During the year, Alan Howarth & Associates Limited, a company in which Alan Howarth has a controlling
shareholding,  invoiced  the  Company  £23,250  for  management  services  (2016:  £15,000).  There  were  no
amounts outstanding to or from the company at 31 December 2017.

21.

CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS

(Loss)/profit for the year

Adjustments for items not included in cash flow:

Movement in fair value of  investments

Exchange rate loss

Share based payment charge

Cost of  investment sold

Finance expense

Finance income

2017
£

2016
£

(1,689,555)

5,296,633

(17,621)

(5,758,480)

775,326

118,048

–

207

(1,020)

–

191,299

37,500

16,459

(1,198)

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

(814,615)

(217,787)

Adjustments for changes in working capital:

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables1

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables

Cash used in operations

1 Excludes loan to investee companies

(73,898)

104,647

16,527

136,531

(783,866)

(64,729)

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 49

49

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2016

22.

OPERATING LEASE COMMITMENTS

Year to
31 Dec 2017
£

Year to
31 Dec 2016
£

Minimum lease payments under operating leases recognised
as an expense in the period

18,600

3,125

At the period end date, the Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under
non-cancellable leases which fall due as follows:

Land and Buildings:

Within one year

23.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

31 Dec 2017
£

31 Dec 2016
£

26,040

3,125

The Group uses financial instruments, other than derivatives, comprising cash to provide funding for the Group’s
operations.

CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The IAS 39 categories of  financial asset included in the statement of  financial position and the headings in
which they are included are as follows:

FINANCIAL ASSETS:

Cash and bank balances

Loans and receivables

Loans

Other receivables

Fair value through income statement

Investments held for trading

2017
£

2016
£

273,826

762,851

402,436

168,730

–

62,010

10,218,625

10,601,330

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTISED COST:
The IAS 39 categories of  financial liabilities included in the statement of  financial position and the headings in
which they are included are as follows:

Trade and other payables

Accruals

Borrowings

2017
£

66,299

201,580

211,334

2016
£

73,554

94,950

104,440

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 50

50

Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2016

24.

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

On 5 January 2018, the outstanding convertible unsecured loan note was converted into 15,714,285 ordinary
shares of  0.02p each at a price of  1.75p. On 9 January 2018, a second tranche of  Convertible Loan Notes
totalling £550,000 was issued, pursuant to the convertible unsecured loan note facility. On 17 January 2018,
£275,000 of  the convertible loan note was converted into 11,000,000 ordinary shares of  0.02p each at a price
of  2.5p. On 16 February 2018 the remaining £275,000 convertible loan note was converted into 13,750,000
ordinary  shares  of   0.02p  each  at  a  price  of   2p.  On  8  March  2018  the  convertible  loan  note  facility  was
terminated and a £650,000 equity placing was announced.

On 29 January 2018, a further £125,000 was invested in InVMA to maintain Tern’s 50% shareholding.

On 1 March 2018 a further $360,581 was paid to Device Authority, representing the second tranche of  the
convertible secured loan announced on 28 December 2017.

25.

ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY

The directors do not consider there to be a single ultimate controlling party.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 51

51

Notice of 2018 Annual General Meeting

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 2018 Annual General Meeting of  Tern plc (“the Company”) will be held at 9.30 am
on Tuesday 24 April 2018 at the offices of  Reed Smith, The Broadgate Tower, 20 Primrose Street, London, EC2A 2RS
for the following purposes:

ORDINARY BUSINESS
To consider, and if  thought fit, to pass the following resolutions as ordinary resolutions:

1.

2.

3.

4.

To receive and adopt the Company’s annual accounts for the financial year ended 31 December 2017, together
with the Directors’ Report and Auditors’ Report on those accounts.

To  re-appoint  Grant  Thornton  UK  LLP  as  auditors  to  hold  office  from  the  conclusion  of   the  meeting  to  the
conclusion of  the next meeting at which the accounts are laid before the Company at a remuneration to be
determined by the directors.

Mr  Bruce  Leith  retires  by  rotation,  in  accordance  with  the  Articles  of   Association  of   the  Company,  having
consented to be considered for re-election, and is hereby re-appointed as a director of  the Company.

Mr Ian Ritchie to the extent he has been appointed as a director of  the Company since the date of  the last annual
general  meeting,  becomes  subject  to  retirement  by  rotation  in  accordance  with the  Company’s Articles  of
Association, and having consented to be considered for re-appointment, is hereby re-appointed as a director of
the Company.

SPECIAL BUSINESS
To consider, and if  thought fit, to pass the following resolutions, of  which resolution 5 will be proposed as an ordinary
resolution and resolutions 6 and 7 will be proposed as special resolutions:

5.

That for the purpose of  section 551 of  the Companies Act 2006 (the Act) the directors of  the Company be and
are hereby generally and unconditionally authorised to exercise all powers of the Company to allot equity securities
(within the meaning of  Section 560 of  the Act) up to an aggregate nominal amount of  £50,000 provided that this
authority shall expire (unless previously renewed, varied or revoked by the Company in general meeting) at the
conclusion of  the next annual general meeting of  the Company, save that the Company may before such expiry
make an offer or agreement which would or might require relevant equity securities to be allotted after such expiry
and the board may allot relevant equity securities in pursuance of  such an offer or agreement as if  the authority
conferred hereby had not expired.

This authority is in substitution for all subsisting authorities previously conferred upon the directors for the purposes
of  section 551 of  the Act, without prejudice to any allotments made pursuant to the terms of  such authorities.

6.

That, subject to the passing of  resolution 5 above, the directors of  the Company be and are hereby empowered
pursuant to section 570 of  the Act to allot equity securities (within the meaning of  section 560 of  the Act) pursuant
to the authority conferred by resolution 5 above as if  section 561 of  the Act did not apply to any such allotment
provided that the power conferred by this resolution shall be limited to:

6.1

the allotment of  equity securities for cash in connection with an issue or offer of  equity securities (including,
without limitation, under a rights issue, open offer or similar arrangement) to holders of  equity securities in
proportion (as nearly as may be practicable) to their respective holdings of  equity securities subject only to
such exclusions or other arrangements as the board may consider necessary or expedient to deal with
fractional entitlements or legal or practical problems under the laws of  any territory, or the requirements of
any regulatory body or stock exchange in any territory; and

6.2

the allotment (otherwise than pursuant to sub-paragraph 6.1 of  this resolution (6) of  equity securities up to
an aggregate nominal value of  £50,000.

The  power  conferred  by  this  resolution 6 shall  expire  (unless  previously  renewed,  revoked  or  varied  by  the
Company in general meeting), at such time as the general authority conferred on the board by resolution 5 above
expires, except that the Company may at any time before such expiry make any offer or agreement which would
or might require equity securities to be allotted after such expiry and the directors of  the Company may allot or
sell equity securities for cash in pursuance of  such an offer or agreement as if  the authority conferred hereby
had not expired.

248191 Tern AR pp32-end  26/03/2018  18:02  Page 52

52

Notice of 2018 Annual General Meeting

7.

That the Company be and is hereby generally and unconditionally authorised to make market purchases (within
the meaning of  section 693(4) of  the 2006 Act) of  its Ordinary Shares provided that:

7.1

the maximum number of  Ordinary Shares authorised to be purchased is 10% of  the entire issued share
capital of  the Company;

7.2

the minimum price which may be paid for an Ordinary Share is £0.0002;

7.3

7.4

7.5

the maximum price which may be paid for an Ordinary Share is an amount equal to 105% of  the average
of   the  middle-market  prices  shown  in  the  quotation  for  an  Ordinary  Share  as  derived  from  the  Stock
Exchange Alternative Trading Service of the Stock Exchange for the 5 business days immediately preceding
the day on which the Ordinary Share is purchased;

the authority hereby conferred shall expire on the earlier of  the date falling 15 months after the Annual
General Meeting or on the conclusion of  the next annual general meeting of  the Company to be held in
2019; and

the Company may make a contract to purchase its Ordinary Shares under the authority hereby conferred
prior to the expiry of  such authority, which contract will or may be executed wholly or partly after the expiry
of  such contract.

By Order of  the Board
Sarah Payne,
Company Secretary
Dated 26 March 2018

Notes to the AGM notice

1.

2.

3.

4.

In accordance with Regulation 41 of  the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 and by paragraph 18(c) of
The Companies Act (Consequential Amendments) (Uncertificated Securities) Order 2009, only those members
entered on the Company’s register of  members not later than 9.30 am on 20 April 2018, or if  the meeting is
adjourned, Shareholders entered on the Company’s register of  members not later than 2 days before the time
fixed for the adjourned meeting (excluding non-business days) shall be entitled to attend and vote at the meeting.

A member of  the Company entitled to attend and vote at this meeting is entitled to appoint a proxy (or proxies) to
attend, speak and vote in his place. A proxy need not be a member of  the Company. You can only appoint a proxy
using the procedures set out in these notes and the notes to the Form of  Proxy.

To be effective, the Form of  Proxy must be deposited at the office of  the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars
Limited, The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR so as to be received not later than 9.30 am
on 20 April 2018, or if  the meeting is adjourned, not later than 48 hours before the time fixed for the adjourned
meeting.

To change your proxy instructions simply submit a new proxy appointment using the methods set out above and
in the notes to the Form of  Proxy. Note that the cut-off  times for receipt of  proxy appointments (see above) also
apply in relation to amended instructions; any amended proxy appointment received after the relevant cut-off
time will be disregarded.

Where you have appointed a proxy and would like to change the instructions, please contact the Company’s
registrars, Share Registrars Limited, The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR.

248191 Tern AR Cover Spread  26/03/2018  18:08  Page 3

Company Information

Notice of 2018 Annual General Meeting

53

DIRECTORS

Angus Forrest (resigned 20 October 2017) 
Alan Howarth 
Bruce Leith
Sarah Payne 
Ian Ritchie (appointed 1 June 2017)
Albert Sisto 
Richard Turner (appointed 25 October 2017, 
resigned 15 January 2018)

SECRETARY

Sarah Payne

REGISTERED OFFICE

27/28 Eastcastle Street
London
W1W 8DH

COMPANY’S REGISTERED NUMBER

05131386

AUDITORS

NOMINATED ADVISOR AND JOINT BROKER

JOINT BROKER

REGISTRARS

BANKERS

CORPORATE LAWYERS

Grant Thornton UK LLP
30 Finsbury Square
London
EC2A 1AG

WH Ireland Limited
24 Martin Lane
London
EC4R 0DR

Whitman Howard Limited
1-3 Mount Street
London
W1K 3NB

Share Registrars Limited
The Courtyard
17 West Street
Farnham
Surrey
GU9 7DR

Handelsbanken
3rd Floor
86 Jermyn Street
London
SW1Y 6JD

Reed Smith
The Broadgate Tower
20 Primrose Street
London
EC2A 2RS

5.

In order to revoke a proxy instruction you will need to inform the Company by sending a signed hard copy notice
clearly stating your intention to revoke your proxy appointment to the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars
Limited, The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR. In the case of a member which is a company,
the revocation notice must be executed under its common seal or signed on its behalf by an officer of the company
or an attorney for the company. Any power of  attorney or any other authority under which the revocation notice is
signed (or a duly certified copy of  such power or authority) must be included with the revocation notice.

In either case, the revocation notice must be received by the Company’s registrars, Share Registrars Limited,
The Courtyard, 17 West Street, Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR no later than 9.30 am on 20 April 2018.

If  you attempt to revoke your proxy appointment but the revocation is received after the time specified above, then
your proxy appointment will remain valid.

Appointment of  a proxy does not preclude you from attending the Meeting and voting in person. If  you have
appointed a proxy and attend the Meeting in person, your proxy appointment will automatically be terminated.

6.

CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies by utilising the CREST electronic proxy appointment
service may do so by utilising the procedures described in the CREST Manual. CREST Personal Members or
other CREST sponsored members, and those CREST members who have appointed a voting service provider(s),
should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service provider(s), who will be able to take the appropriate action
on their behalf.

In  order  for  a  proxy  appointment  made  by  means  of   CREST  to  be  valid,  the  appropriate  CREST  message
(a ‘CREST Proxy Instruction’) must be properly authenticated in accordance with CRESTCo’s specifications and
must contain the information required for such instructions, as described in the CREST Manual. The message,
regardless of  whether it relates to the appointment of  a proxy or to an amendment to the instruction given to a
previously appointed proxy must, in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by our agent Share
Registrars (ID 7RA36) by the latest time(s) for receipt of  proxy appointments specified in the notice of  meeting.
For this purpose, the time of  receipt will be taken to be the time (as determined by the timestamp applied to the
message by the CREST Applications Host) from which the issuer’s agent is able to retrieve the message by
enquiry to CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST. The Company may treat as invalid a CREST Proxy
Instruction in the circumstances set out in Regulation 35(5)(a) of  the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001.

CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors or voting service providers should note that
CRESTCo does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular messages. Normal system
timings  and  limitations  will  therefore  apply  in  relation  to  the  input  of   CREST  Proxy  Instructions.  It  is  the
responsibility of  the CREST member concerned to take (or, if  the CREST member is a CREST personal member
or sponsored member or has appointed a voting service provider(s), to procure that his CREST sponsor or voting
service provider(s) take(s)) such action as shall be necessary to ensure that a message is transmitted by means
of  the CREST system by any particular time. In this connection, CREST members and, where applicable, their
CREST sponsors or voting service providers are referred, in particular, to those sections of  the CREST Manual
concerning practical limitations of  the CREST system and timings.

Perivan Financial Print    248191

248191 Tern AR Cover Spread  26/03/2018  18:08  Page 1

27/28 East Castle Street
London W1W 8DH

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ternplc.com

Report & 
Accounts

For the year ended 
31 December 2017