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Tethys Oil
Annual Report 2018

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FY2018 Annual Report · Tethys Oil
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Annual Report 2018

Contents

Letter to the shareholders 
5
Tethys Oil 
6
Mission, Vision and Values 
8
Expanding reserve and resource base 
9
Operations 
10
Corporate governance report 
20
Board of Directors 
26
Executive management 
28
The Tethys Oil share 
29
Payments to authorities 
32
Key financial data 
33
Definitions and abbreviations 
34
Administration report 
35
42
Financial statements for the group 
Financial statements for the parent company  46
50
Notes 
63
Assurance 
64
Auditor’s report 
67
Financial information 
68
Address 

The Sustainability Report has been moved to a sep-
arate document, available on www.tethysoil.com.

Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting will be held on 15 May 
2019,  3:00  p.m.  at  Grand  Hôtel,  Södra  Blasie-
holmshamnen 8, in Stockholm. To attend the AGM, 
please visit Tethys Oil’s website, www.tethysoil.com, 
for more information.

Another successful year for Tethys Oil

•  Record financial results in 2018 with a record distribution 

proposal to shareholders

•  Successful appraisal of 
Tethys Oil’s contingent 
resources 

Contingent resources
Total 31 December 2018

mmbo
25

20

15

10

5

0

1C

2C

3C

Reserves
mmbo
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

20.0

Possible

-2.8

Prod.

Probable

Proven

6.3

29.7

-4.4

Prod.

Possible

7.1

32.4

-4.3

Add.

7.8

35.9

6.3

27.9

-4.4

7.9

25.9

Add.

Possible

-3.5

Prod.

Add.

Possible

Add.

Prod.

Possible

Add.

Prod.

Possible

Probable

Probable

Probable

Probable

Proven

Proven

Proven

Proven

Probable

Proven

3P 2013

Prod.

Add.

3P 2014

Prod.

Add.

3P 2015

Prod.

Add.

3P 2016

Prod.

Add.

3P 2017

Prod.

Add.

3P 2018

•  Excellent  

continuation of  
the 2P reserves  
replacement ratio –  
177 percent in 2018. 
Seventh consecutive 
year of increasing  
2P reserves

Prod.= Production 

  Add. = Additions

Reserve replacement ratio, %
200

150

100

50

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

The Blocks 3&4 success story

Tethys  Oil  acquired  an  interest  in  Blocks 3&4  in  2007 
and, together with the other partners in the licence inter-
est, initiated oil production on the blocks three years later. 
From August 2010 through to year-end 2018, Tethys Oil’s 
net production from Blocks 3&4, before government take, 
has amounted to about 23 million barrels, while annually 
increasing  reserves.  This  has  been  achieved  due  to  the 

skills and hard work of all the staff of Tethys Oil and the 
partner group, contractors and suppliers. The oil produced 
on Blocks 3&4 has created significant value for the share-
holders  of  Tethys  Oil  and  the  other  stakeholders  in  the 
licence interest, and the people of Oman, including locally 
generated employment.

Work on new exploration Block 49 is gearing up

In late 2017, Tethys Oil’s operations in Oman were expanded 
when Tethys Oil was awarded a licence as operator for the 
exploration Block 49. In 2018, Tethys Oil conducted a seis-
mic  campaign,  whereby  253  km²  of  3D  and  299  km  of 

2D  seismic  data  were  acquired  in  the  north-eastern  part 
of the license area. The purpose of the seismic campaign 
is  to  further  define  possible  oil  traps  and  to  enhance  the 
understanding of the deeper parts of the block in general.

44

y
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Operational and financial summaryMUSD1 (unless specifically stated) 20182017201620152014Average daily production, before government take, Oman Blocks 3&4, bbl11,76712,16212,1219,6987,577Average selling price per barrel, USD70.551.840.558.1103.9Revenue and other income157.3119.387.1107.0149.3EBITDA106.678.244.158.6108.0Net cash73.142.039.051.247.8Investments in oil and gas properties55.840.448.540.839.3Dividend, SEK per share2111–Extraordinary distribution to shareholders, SEK per share4–32–Market capitalization at the end of the period, MSEK2,3252,3372,7992,0442,1682P Reserves in Oman (million barrels of oil)25.422.021.418.217.802C Contingent resources in Oman (million bbl)12.517.3–––1 Starting 1 January 2016, the Tethys Oil group presents the financial reports in USD. Please note that comparative financials from 2014–2015 have been restated. 
 
Letter to the shareholders

Looking forward
We  continue  to  see  large  possibilities  for 
organic growth on Blocks 3&4. We will con-
tinue our appraisal programme on the 2017 
discoveries.  We  still  have  over  12 million 
barrels  of  contingent  resources  to  mature 
to reserves. We expect the results of three to 
five  exploration  wells  on  Blocks 3&4  and 
prospect  maturation  on  Block  49  will  get 
seriously  under  way.  Not  to  mention  any-
thing else that may come our way.

We  expect  our  investments  in  Oman  to 
amount to MUSD 50–55 in 2019, the bulk 
of which will be spent on Blocks 3&4.

So stay with us – it will be an exciting year 
2019!

Stockholm in April 2019

Magnus Nordin
Managing Director

Seismic surveys
A  significant  amount  of  new  seismic  data 
was acquired in 2018 – 2,750 km2 3D seis-
mic on Blocks 3&4 and 253 km2 of 3D and 
299 km of 2D on Block 49. All new seismic 
data will guide our exploration drilling on 
our  blocks  in  the  years  to  come.  So  2019 
looks  like  it  could  be  quite  an  active  year 
from the exploration perspective. 

Block 49 
We have reprocessed some 1,500 km of vin-
tage 2D seismic data, and a number of seis-
mic anomalies were identified. This could be 
possible – primarily stratigraphic – oil traps. 
After  integration  of  all  available  data  in 
Tethys Oil’s geological model, the presence 
of source rock as well as potential reservoir 
rocks have also been confirmed. Processing 
of the seismic data acquired late in 2018 is 
ongoing and the data will be ready for inter-
pretation and mapping during 2019.

New ventures
In  December  2018,  we  attempted  to 
increase  our  presence  in  Oman  further  by 
entering into an agreement to acquire a two 
percent  interest  in  the  Mukhaizna  field. 
Unfortunately, Tethys Oil was informed by 
the  seller  that  partner  pre-emption  rights 
had  been  exercised,  preventing  us  from 
completing the transaction. This slight set-
back does not, however, diminish our ambi-
tion to grow in Oman and elsewhere.

Continued distribution to our 
shareholders
Reflecting  the  strong  operational  and 
financial position of Tethys Oil, the board 
of directors is proposing an ordinary divi-
dend  of  SEK 2.00  per  share.  Further,  in 
line  with  Tethys  Oil’s  long-term  capital 
structure  target,  the  board  of  directors  is 
proposing an extraordinary distribution of 
SEK 6.00 per share.

Dear friends and investors,
We are delighted to report record financial 
results for the full year 2018. Our revenues 
and  other  income  increased  32  percent  to 
MUSD 157.3 and our EBITDA increased 
36 percent and amounted to MUSD 106.6. 
We  are  equally  delighted  to  report  a  2P 
reserve replacement ratio of 177 percent for 
2018 – the highest for three years and the 
seventh  consecutive  year  of  increasing  our 
2P reserves. So our main asset, Blocks 3&4 
onshore Oman certainly continues to con-
firm its growth potential!

We generated a substantial amount of cash 
last year enabling us to increase our distri-
bution to shareholders to about MUSD 30. 
Cash  generation  remains  strong  and  our 
balance  sheet  continues  to  be  among  the 
strongest  of  comparable  companies.  With 
no  debt  and  still  a  substantial  amount  of 
cash,  we  are  in  strong  position  to  expand 
our project portfolio. 

An  important  part  of  the  2018  work  pro-
gramme  on  Blocks 3&4  has  been  the 
appraisal and development of the significant 
three  discoveries  that  were  made  in  2017. 
The  Ulfa,  Erfan  and  Samha  fields,  as  the 
discoveries now are called, have contributed 
materially to our reserves and production. 

Production in 2018 was very stable and aver-
aged 11,767 bopd. For 2019 we expect aver-
age production to increase and have guided 
for an average between 12–13 000 bopd for 
the  year.  Our  average  selling  price  contin-
ued  to  increase  throughout  the  year,  and 
averaged at USD 70.5 per barrel in 2018, a 
level we haven’t seen since 2014. 

In  2018,  we  produced  4.3  million  bar-
rels  and  we  added  7.6  million  barrels  of 
2P  reserves.  The  additions  and  revisions 
include maturation of contingent resources 
to reserves and upside revisions of the Farha 
South, Shahd and Erfan fields.

Appraisal  and  development  of  the  Ulfa, 
Samha  and  Erfan  fields  will  continue  in 
2019 and with a remaining resource base of 
2C contingent resources of 12.5 million bar-
rels, we are in a good position to continue 
to replace and increase our reserves in 2019.

5

Tethys Oil

Tethys Oil is a Swedish oil company with focus on onshore areas 
with known oil discoveries. Tethys Oil’s core area is Oman, where 
the  Company  holds  interests  in  Blocks 3&4  and  Block  49.  The 
reserve and resource base on Blocks 3&4 amounts to 25.4 mmbo 
of  2P  reserves  and  12.5  mmbo  of  2C  contingent  resources. The 
average  oil  production  in  2018  from  Blocks 3&4  amounted  to 

11,767 bopd (Tethys Oil’s share of gross production, before gov-
ernment take). Tethys Oil also has onshore exploration licences in 
Lithuania  and  France  and  limited  production  in  Lithuania.  The 
head office is located in Stockholm and the Company’s shares are 
listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (TETY).

Oman

Blocks 3&4

Area
(km²)

29,130

Interest

30%

Phase

Production/
exploration

Block 49

15,439

100%

Exploration

2P Reserves 
(mmbo)

2C Contingent 
Resources  
(mmbo)

Average daily 
production  
2018 (bbl)

25.4

–

12.5

–

11,767

–

6

Consession boundaries  
Sultanate of Oman
Tethys  Oil  holds  a  30  percent  interest  in 
Blocks 3&4,  where  CC  Energy  Develop-
ment S.A.L. (Oman branch) is the opera-
tor.  Tethys  Oil  also  holds  100  percent 
interest and is operator in Block 49. These 
blocks cover an area of 44,569 km2, which 
makes Tethys Oil one of the largest conces-
sion holders in Oman in terms of acreage.

8
MOGC

8
MOGC

17
Petrotel 

40
Petrotel 

مدﻧﺳﻣ

MUSANDAM

ءﺎﺣدﻣ
MADHA
Open

43A
Open

31
ARA

44
ARA

18
Open

تﺎﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾدﻟا رزﺟ
Juzor ad Daymaniyyat

43B
Open

طﻘﺳﻣ
MUSCAT

41
Open

9
Occidental

15
HCF

47
Open

5
Daleel

27
Occidental

30
Occidental

65
Government of Sultanate of Oman

62
Occidental
62 Oil
Open

Vacant
Open

51
Open

42
OOCEP

36
APEX

38
Open

61
BP

60
OOCEP

48
OOCEP

3
CC Energy

Open

59
Open

77
Open

70
Open

4
CC Energy

7
HCF

66
MOL

73
Open

49
Tethys Oil

75
Open

74
Open

57
Petroleb

76
Open

58
Open

6
PDO

ةرﯾﺻﻣ
Masirah

71
Open

72
Open

NLS

50
Masirah Oil Ltd

53
Occidental

54
Lasso

55
Open

56
Medco

67
Petrotel

ﺔﻟﻼﺻ
SALALAH

39
Petrotel

تﺎﯾﻧﻼﺣﻟا رزﺟ
Juzor al Hallaniyyat

52
ENI

100

50

0

100 km

Source: Sultanate of Oman Ministry of Oil and Gas

77

Mission, Vision and Values

Mission
Tethys Oil is an oil and gas exploration and 
production company with a primary objec-
tive of creating shareholder value working 
across the whole upstream industry lifecy-
cle of exploration, appraisal, development 
and production. A central belief in Tethys 
Oil’s business model is to explore for and 
produce  oil  and  gas  in  an  economically, 
socially,  and  environmentally  responsible 
way. The Group applies the same standards 
to  its  activities  worldwide  to  satisfy  both 
its commercial and ethical requirements as 
per Tethys Oil’s Code of Conduct.

Vision
Tethys Oil’s vision is that growth continues 
through  the  Group’s  exploration  success. 
Tethys  Oil  seeks  to  build,  maintain  and 
expand  a  well-balanced  and  self-financed 
portfolio of oil assets, offering a measured 
exposure to onshore production, develop-
ment, appraisal and exploration potential. 
The focus today and tomorrow is on geog-
raphies  with  proven  petroleum  systems, 
existing infrastructure, established institu-
tional frameworks and low political risk. In 
all its activities, Tethys Oil seeks a balanced 
approach to risk.

Tethys  Oil  seeks  to  be  a  sustainable  and 
profitable  business 
long-term.  Sustain-
ability  means  running  a  business  that  is 
not  only  profitable  but  in  tune  with  the 
requirements  and  expectations  of  stake-
holders  both  within  and  outside  the 
Group.

Tethys Oil will continue to create increased 
shareholder value with a balanced approach 
to  growth  and  shareholder  distributions, 
with a long-term capital structure target of 
a zero net cash position.

Values
Tethys  Oil’s  corporate  culture  emanate 
from  the  Company’s  Scandinavian  roots. 
It  is  the  responsibility  of  the Tethys  Oil’s 
management to foster a corporate culture 
that  promotes  the  values  and  principles 
outlined in Tethys Oil’s Code of Conduct. 
Tethys Oil aims to act in all respects in a 
responsible,  fair,  accountable  and  ethical 
manner towards all aspects of the environ-
ment  and  to  all  individuals  and  entities 
that the Company encounters in its course 
of doing business. Tethys Oil aims to apply 
the same standards to all its activities wher-
ever they are carried out.

It is of vital importance to Tethys Oil that 
the Company maintains and further builds 
on its reputation as a responsible and for-
ward-looking corporate citizen in all coun-
tries where Tethys Oil has a presence and 
in relation to all stakeholders, may they be 
shareholders, employees, contractors, part-
ners or someone else.

88

Expanding reserve and resource base

Tethys Oil’s net working interest Reserves in Blocks 3&4 Oman 
as per 31 December 2018 amount to 25,357 thousand barrels of 
oil (“mbo”) of proven and probable Reserves (2P). The 2P reserve 
replacement  ratio  amounts  to  177  percent.  In  addition,  Tethys 
Oil’s net working interest resources oil base in Oman amounts to 
12,533 mbo of 2C contingent resources. The Company’s 2018 and 
2017  year-end  Reserves  reports  were  audited  by  ERC  Equipoise 
Limited (“ERCE”) as independent qualified Reserves evaluator.

Development of Reserves, Blocks 3&4 (Audited)

mbo

1P

2P

3P

Total 31 December 2017

15,559

22,044

32,414

Production 2018

Additions and revisions 

-4,295

5,471

-4,295

7,608

-4,295

7,765

Total 31 December 2018

16,735

25,357

35,884

Reserve replacement ratio, %

127

177

181

Additions  and  revisions  include  maturation  of  over  4  mmbo  of 
contingent  resources  to  Reserves  from  the  ongoing  appraisal 
program  of  the  2017  discoveries  as  well  as  upside  revisions  of 
the  Reserves  on  the  Farha  South,  Shahd  and  Erfan  fields  and  a 
small amount of Reserves attributable to the Tibyan discovery, the 
exploration well drilled in 2018.

Based  on  ERCE’s  model,  Tethys  Oil’s  net  entitlement  Reserves 
(Reserves  after  government  take)  amount  to  7,781  mbo  of  1P, 
10,477 mbo of 2P and 13,824 mbo of 3P.

In  addition  to  Reserves,  Tethys  Oil  also  announces  contingent 
resources.  The  estimated  contingent  resources  are  contained  in 
the  discoveries  made  in  2017.  Development  of  the  contingent 
resources  is  contingent  on  the  results  of  the  on-going  appraisal 
programme and also a work programme and budget to access these 
resources.

Contingent resources, Blocks 3&4 (Audited)

mbo

1C

2C

3C

Total 31 December 2018

5,472

12,533

24,767

The  audit  of  the  Reserves  in  Oman  have  been  conducted  using 
2018  Petroleum  Resources  Management  System  (PRMS2018), 
sponsored  by  the  Society  of  Petroleum  Engineers  (SPE),  World 
Petroleum  Council  (WPC),  American  Association  of  Petroleum 
Geologists  (AAPG)  and  Society  of  Petroleum  Evaluation  Engi-
neers (SPEE).

99

Operations

Tethys Oil’s core area Oman

Oman – part of the oil fairway
The  Sultanate  of  Oman,  strategically 
located in the southeastern part of the Ara-
bian Peninsula, overlooks the Arabian Sea, 
the Sea of Oman and the Arabian Gulf. It 
also  overlooks  the  strategic  Strait  of  Hor-
muz  at  the  point  of  entry  to  the  Arabian 
Gulf.  Oman’s  neighbours  include  United 
Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.

Oman  is  a  beautiful  country,  combining 
white  sand  beaches,  rolling  desert  dunes 
and  expansive  mountain  ranges.  Oman 
is  also  the  oldest  independent  state  in 
the  Arab  world  with  a  long  and  exciting 
history  over  thousands  of  years.  Modern 
archaeological  discoveries  suggest  that 
humans settled in Oman during the Stone 
Age, i.e. more than 10,000 years ago.

Oman as an oil country
Most  importantly  for  Tethys  Oil,  Oman 
is  also  a  major  oil  nation,  the  largest  in 
the  Middle  East  that  is  not  a  member  of 
OPEC. Oman has in excess of five billion 
barrels  of  estimated  proven  oil  reserves, 
ranking  Oman  as  the  seventh  largest 
proved  oil  reserve  holder  in  the  Middle 
East and the 22nd largest in the world (BP 

Statistical  Review  of  World  Energy,  June 
2018).  Oman’s  crude  oil  and  condensate 
production  amounted  in  2017  to  almost 
1 mmbo per day.

The  largest  producer  in  Oman  is  PDO, 
who  holds  Block 6.  Block 6  covers  an 
area of 90,874 km2 in north, central and 
south  Oman.  In  2018,  665,000  barrels 
of  oil  and  condensate  per  day  were  pro-
duced  by  PDO,  corresponding  to  close 
to  70 percent  of  the  total  production  in 
Oman. PDO is owned by the Omani gov-
ernment (60 percent), Shell (34 percent), 
Total (four percent), and Partex (two per-
cent). Occidental Petroleum (Oxy), is the 
second-largest  producer  in  Oman,  and 
produced  about  200,000  bopd  in  2018. 
Oxy  is  producing  from  Blocks 9,  27  and 
62 in northern Oman and the Mukhaizna 
field in Block 53 in the south.

Tethys Oil in Oman
With  the  desire  and  ambition  to  become 
a  dedicated  and  successful  player  in  the 
Omani  oil  and  gas  industry,  Tethys  Oil 
acquired  an  interest  in  the  licence  for 
Blocks 3&4  in  2007.  The  blocks  now 
cover an area of 29,130 km2 in the central-

eastern part of Oman. Tethys Oil, through 
its  wholly  owned  subsidiary  Tethys  Oil 
Block 3 & 4 Ltd, has a 30 percent inter-
est in Blocks 3&4. Its partners are Mitsui 
E&P  Middle  East  B.V.  with  20  percent 
and  the  operator  CC  Energy  Develop-
ment  S.A.L.  (Oman  branch)  holding  the 
remaining 50 percent.

In  December  2017,  Tethys  Oil’s  opera-
tions in Oman expanded when the explo-
ration  Block  49  was  awarded  to  Tethys 
Oil  as  operator.  Block  49  covers  an  area 
of 15,439 km2 in the southwestern part of 
Oman, bordering Saudi Arabia. Tethys Oil 
holds 100 percent of Block 49. The com-
bined  area  of  Blocks 3&4  and  Block 49 
amounts  to  almost  45,000  km2,  one  of 
the largest concession holders in Oman in 
terms of acreage.

The  partner  group  on  Blocks 3&4  pro-
duced 39,200 bopd in 2018, correspond-
ing to about four percent of Oman’s total 
production.  The  produced  oil  is  lifted 
at  the  Mina  Al  Fahal  Terminal  in  Mus-
cat, on the Sea of Oman, and it therefore 
never  needs  to  pass  through  the  Strait  of 
Hormuz.

10

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Muscat

SULTANATE 
OF OMAN

Block 3

Block 4

Block 3

Block 49

Salalah

C
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L

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1111

 
 
The successful exploration and development of 
Blocks 3&4

In  2009,  the  first  commercial  oil  well 
was drilled on Block 3&4. The year after, 
in  2010,  an  early  production  system 
was  launched  and  the  oil  production  on 
Blocks 3&4  was  launched.  In  2012,  the 
Field  Development  Plan  was  approved 
and the exploration and production terms 
for the licence were extended until 2040. 
Since  2010,  Tethys  Oil  net  production, 
before government take, from Blocks 3&4 
has amounted to 23 million barrels of oil. 

First oil at Farha South
The  drilling  of  the  Farha  South-3  well 
on Block 3 in early 2009 was the starting 
point  for  the  successful  exploration  and 
development of Blocks 3&4. Through the 
Farha  South-3  well,  the  Farha  South  oil 
field  was  discovered,  which  has  been  the 
star performer on the blocks ever since.

Oil on Farha South was originally discov-
ered in 1986 by a previous operator, when 
the Lower Al Bashir sandstone layer flowed 
oil.  With  Farha  South-3,  oil  was  again 
found in the Lower Al Bashir layer, but a 
long-term production test revealed a tight 
reservoir. The Barik sandstone, at an aver-
age depth of 1,600 metres and overlaying 
the  Lower  Al  Bashir,  also  had  excellent 
oil  shows  in  the  Farha  South-3  well.  The 
well was put on long-term production test 
where the Barik sandstone proved itself to 
be a reliable producer.

The oil of the Farha South is not trapped in 
one large continuous reservoir. It is instead 
trapped in a large number of smaller, usu-
ally adjacent fault blocks. The low content 
of  gas  combined  with  the  absence  of  a 
water drive in the Barik layer make pumps 
and  water  injection  necessary.  Water  is 
injected  into  the  reservoir  via  injection 
wells in order to increase the pressure and 
thereby  stimulate  production.  Almost  30 
fault  blocks  have  been  drilled  and  put  in 
production. The major part of the field has 
been developed with water injection. The 
oil from the Barik layer is of high quality, 
more  than  40  degrees  API,  and  contains 
very limited sulphur.

Second early discovery
Shortly  after  the  Farha  South-3  well, 
the  Saiwan  East-2  was  drilled,  marking 
another successful well. At the Saiwan oil 

Oil producing fault blocks

Oil producing fault blocks with water injection

Drilled fault blocks

Prospective fault blocks

field, the oil is produced from the Khufai 
carbonate at depths ranging from 1,700 to 
2,400 metres. This reservoir was previously 
unknown as an oil producer in Oman. The 
oil from the Khufai layer holds a quality of 
approximately 32 degrees API.

Large quantities of oil with different gravi-
ties  and  viscosities,  including  heavy  oil, 
have  also  been  found  in  different  forma-
tions  on  the  field.  Any  potential  produc-
tion from the heavy oil in Saiwan East will 
require enhanced oil recovery techniques.

The Shahd field
The  Shahd  field  was  discovered  in  2013 
in  a  previously  unexplored  area  through 
exploration  on  the  Shahd  B  structure.  At 
the Shahd area, oil is mainly extracted from 

12

the Lower Buah carbonate at 2,000 metres 
but also from the Khufai carbonate and the 
Lower al Bashir sandstone.

The  oil  from  the  Lower  Buah  layer  holds 
a  quality  of  approximately  38  degrees 
API. Like the Farha South field, this area 
is also highly faulted and the Lower Buah 
layer in the field is not one large continu-
ous reservoir. The oil is instead trapped in 
separate  structures.  Eight  structures  have 
been put into production. Like the Farha 
South field, water injection is required on 
the Shahd oil field in order to reach a good 
recovery rate.

Infrastructure development
Full  production  facilities  have  been  con-
structed both on the Farha South field and 
on  Saiwan  East  field.  At  these  facilities, 
reservoir fluids are being processed in sepa-
rators and heater treaters to remove water, 
gas and impurities in order to make the oil 
ready for export. The facilities also include 
large  storage  tanks,  different  pumps  and 
other  necessary  infrastructure,  including 
field camps for the oil field workers.

In addition, early production facilities (EPF) 
has been constructed on Shahd and on Ulfa 
fields. An EPF is a smaller production facil-
ity, which, to some extent rely on the infra-
structure  on  the  Farha  South  and  Saiwan 
East fields. However, also at an EPF, the oil 
can be processed to be ready for export. 

structure located on trend with the Farha 
South  field  on  Block  3  and  flowed  oil  to 
surface  from  the  Khufai  formation.  The 
appraisal of the field started in 2018, and 
five appraisal wells were drilled and com-
pleted  by  year-end.  Both  the  Buah  and 
the  Khufai  reservoir  sections  are  being 
appraised, although the main present pro-
ducer in the field is the Khufai carbonate 
formation. 

BLOCK 3
BLOCK 3

The  Samha  field  was  discovered  in  the 
fourth quarter 2017. Samha-1 was drilled 
on a structure located five km south of the 
Ulfa discovery on Block 3 and flowed oil to 
surface from the Khufai and Buah forma-
tions. The Samha field has been appraised 
by two further wells in 2018.

Some oil from these discoveries was added 
to the reserves in the 2017 year-end reserve 
report,  but  most  of  the  oil  was  added  to 
contingent  resources.  The  appraisal  of 
these discoveries has been a major part of 
the 2018 work programme, and will con-
tinue to be so in 2019 with the aim to con-
tinue to mature the resources into reserves.

N

Late in 2018, the construction of the Ulfa 
EPF  was  finalised  and  the  facility  was  in 
full production towards the very end of the 
year.  The  EPF  includes  separators,  heater 
treaters and pipelines. Following the com-
missioning of the EPF, wells on Ulfa and 
Samha  were  connected  to  Ulfa  EPF  and 
put into production. The Erfan, Ulfa and 
Samha discoveries are all undergoing long-
term production tests. 

Export quality

Unprocessed

Alam Station &
Pipeline System

83 km
83 km

BLOCK 3
BLOCK 3

Farha
Farha

Ulfa EPF
Ulfa EPF

37 km
37 km

50 km
50 km

Shahd H
Shahd H
Shahd I
Shahd I

23 km
23 km

Shahd B
Shahd B
(D & F)
(D & F)

25 km
25 km

BLOCK 4
BLOCK 4

Saiwan station
Saiwan station
Saiwan
Saiwan

12 km
12 km

Erfan
Erfan

southwest  of  the  Saiwan  East  field  on 
Block  4  and  flowed  oil  to  surface  from 
the  Khufai  formation.  The  discovery  has 
been  further  appraised  by  two  successful 
appraisal  wells  in  2017  and  one  in  2018. 
Erfan  is  producing  from  the  Khufai  car-
bonate formation, at depths ranging from 
1,700 to 2,400 metres, which is the same 
producing  formation  as  in  neighbouring 
Saiwan East field. 

The  Ulfa  field  was  discovered  in  the  sec-
ond quarter 2017. Ulfa-1 was drilled on a 

All  production  is  transported  through  pipe-
lines to the main exporting point at the Sai-
wan East facility. From Saiwan East, the oil is 
pumped through an 83 km long 16 inch pipe-
line to Alam Station just west of Blocks 3&4, 
for further transportation through the national 
pipeline system to the export port in Muscat, 
the Mina Al Fahal Terminal.

The new fields
After  some  years  with  focus  on  develop-
ment  activities  aiming  at  increasing  pro-
duction,  a  number  of  exploration  wells 
were drilled in 2017, which resulted in the 
discovery  of  significant  amounts  of  oil  in 
three new structures near the existing pro-
ducing areas on  Blocks 3&4 – the Erfan, 
Ulfa and Samha discoveries. 

The Erfan field was discovered in the first 
quarter  2017.  It  was  drilled  some  6  km 

Ulfa-1

Ulfa-2

Ulfa-4

Ulfa-6

Ulfa-3

Ulfa-5

Erfan-1

Erfan-3

Erfan-4

Erfan-2 

Samha-1

Samha-2

Samha-3

13

Future exploration on Blocks 3&4
In hindsight it might seem like the explo-
ration, development and production initi-
ation of crude oil on Blocks 3&4 has been 
a straightforward and understandable pro-
cess. However, numerous large companies 
explored  for  oil  and  gas  for  40  years  and 
drilled some 30 exploration wells in these 
two blocks. Most of the wells encountered 
oil,  but  none  were  deemed  commercially 
successful. There is no question about it – 
vast amounts of oil have been formed on 
the  blocks.  The  trick  is  to  find  the  traps, 
where oil could have accumulated.

3D seismic surveys have been a key factor 
to the development of the blocks. Seismic 
data have revealed that many of the non-
commercial wells drilled by previous oper-
ators  would  not  have  been  drilled  if  3D 
data had been available prior to drilling.

Despite  intense  exploration  and  develop-
ment activity for over ten years, large areas 
on  the  blocks  have  yet  to  be  explored. 
Out  of  the  total  area  of  the  blocks  of 
29,130 km2,  some  9,000  km2  of  seismic 
data  have  been  acquired  so  far,  whereof 
2,750 km2 were acquired in late 2017 and 
2018. 

tested. Although the well did not flow oil 
to surface, it encountered oil and oil sam-
ples  were  taken.  The  results  are  positive 
and confirm a live petroleum system in the 
area. A comprehensive post drilling analy-
sis will be conducted in order to assess the 
other leads identified in the southern part 
of Block 4.

Tethys Oil is convinced that there is signif-
icant remaining potential on Blocks 3&4. 
In  the  beginning  of  2019,  Tethys  Oil 
mapped  some  25  leads  and  prospects. 
Some  of  these  will  disappear,  but  new 
prospects will also be added as new seismic 
is interpreted and mapped. The leads and 
prospects are located from the very south 
of the blocks to the north.

In the northern part of the blocks, north-
west  of  the  Farha  South  field  and  east  of 
the  Ulfa  field,  some  2,000  km2  new  3D 
seismic was acquired in 2018. In the cen-
tral part, 750 km2 3D seismic was acquired 
south  of  the Shahd  field.  All new  seismic 
data  will  guide  Tethys  Oil  and  partners’ 
exploration  drilling  on  the  blocks  in  the 
years to come.

In  2018,  the  Luja-1  exploration  well, 
drilled in the southern end of Block 4, was 

Gharif

Ghudun

Barik
Al Bashir
Miqrat

Amin

Buah

Shuram

Khufai
Masirah Bay

Formations

Geological  formations  are  natural  formations 
and  structures  in  the  rock  and  ground  which 
have occurred as a result of usually very slow 
geological  processes  of  different  kinds  and 
ages.

A  formation  is  a  rock  unit  that  is  distinctive 
enough  in  appearance  that  a  geologic  mapper 
can tell it apart from the surrounding rock layers. 
The  thickness  of  formations  may  range  from 
less than a metre to several thousand metres. 
The  term  “formation”  is  often  used  informally 
to refer to a specific grouping of rocks, such as 
those encountered within a certain depth range 
in an oil well.

1414

in 

reservoirs 

On  Blocks 3&4, 
formations 
like  Khufai,  Barik,  Lower  Al  Bashir,  Buah  and 
Masirah  Bay  have  been  explored.  Tethys  Oil 
has  reserves  and  production  in  reservoirs  in 
the  Khufai,  Barik,  Lower  Al  Bashir  and  Buah 
formations.

Seismic mapping, prospects and leads,  
Blocks 3&4, Oman

Alam Station &
Pipeline System

BLOCK 4

BLOCK 3

Farha South Field

Ulfa
Samah

Shahd 
field

Saiwan East Field

Erfan

Tibyan

N

BLOCK 3

3D seismic programme 2017/2018

3D seismic area

2D seismic area

Discoveries 2017 
(undergoing appraisal/development)

Fields / structures in production

Leads and prospects

1515

Exploration gears up on Block 49

Tethys  Oil  was  awarded  a  new  explora-
tion license by the Government of Sultan-
ate  of  Oman  in  the  fourth  quarter  2017. 
Block 49,  Montasar,  is  an  onshore  block 
that  covers  a  prospective  but  still  rather 
unexplored  area  in  the  Governorate  of 
Dhofar  in  the  south-west  of  Oman  bor-
dering Saudi Arabia. Tethys Oil holds 100 
percent  of  the  license  interest  and  is  the 
operator.

The  Block  49  licence  covers  an  area  of 
15,439 km2. More than 11,000 km of 2D 
seismic data that has been acquired by pre-
vious operators has been made available to 
Tethys  Oil.  Nine  wells  have  been  drilled 
by  previous  operators  within  the  block 
boundaries,  several  of  which  are  reported 
to have encountered oil shows. Among the 
legacy wells is the first well ever drilled in 
Oman in 1955 (Dauka-1).

the 

reprocessing  of 

some 
Through 
1,464 km  of  older  2D  seismic  data, 
acquired by previous operators, a number 
of seismic anomalies have been identified, 
which could be possible – primarily strati-
graphic  –  oil  traps.  The  anomalies  have 
been  identified  within  the  deeper  forma-
tions in the block at depths of 2,500 metres 
or below. After integration of all available 
data in Tethys Oil’s geological model, the 
presence of source rock as well as potential 
reservoir rocks have also been confirmed. 

In  the  fourth  quarter  2018,  Tethys  Oil 
launched  and  completed  a  seismic  cam-
paign  on  Block  49,  whereby  253  km2  of 
3D  and  299  km  of  2D  seismic  data  was 
acquired  in  the  north-eastern  part  of  the 
license  area.  The  purpose  of  the  seismic 
campaign  is  to  further  define  possible  oil 
traps  and  to  enhance  the  understanding 

of the deeper parts of the block in general. 
The data is being processed and will, when 
interpreted, guide the continued work on 
Block 49.

The  EPSA  for  Block  49  covers  an  initial 
exploration  period  of  three  years  with  an 
optional extension period of another three 
years. In the event of Declaration of Com-
merciality the term of the agreement shall 
be extended for a period of 15 years which 
can be extended for another five years. In 
case of a commercial discovery, Oman gov-
ernment company has a back-in right of up 
to 30 percent against refunding of pro rata 
past  expenditure.  The  initial  work  com-
mitments  during  the  first  period  include 
geological studies, seismic acquisition and 
processing and exploratory drilling.

Vibrator truck

Receiver truck

Geophones (receivers)

GAS

OIL

WATER

WATER

Seismic studies

A key exploration activity is the use of geophysical 
seismic.  The  principle  behind  seismic  is  that 
sound  waves  travel  at  different  speeds  in 
different  materials  and  that  the  sound  waves, 
at  the  transition  between  different  materials, 
partly  bend  and  reflect  back  to  the  surface. 
Since  rocks  have  different  compositions,  it  is 
possible,  based  on  variations  in  the  speed  of 

the  sound  wave  and  angle,  to  estimate  the 
location  of  structures  that  could  hold  oil  and/
or natural gas reserves in an exploration area.

Single linear lines of seismic provide information 
about  the  subsurface  rocks  directly  beneath 
the  seismic  equipment.  This  type  of  seismic 
data  is  referred  to  as  two-dimensional  or  2D 
seismic,  because  it  provides  data  along  two 
axis,  length  and  depth.  If  seismic  acquisition 

is  done  across  multiple  lines  simultaneously, 
the  third  dimension  of  width  is  gained,  hence 
referred  to  as  three-dimensional  seismic,  or 
3D  seismic.  3D  seismic  offers  much  greater 
density  of  information  about  the  subsurface 
but is much more costly and covers a smaller 
area. Since the oil at Blocks 3&4 is trapped in 
smaller  fault  blocks  or  structures,  3D  seismic 
has been essential in the mapping of possible 
oil bearing structures.

1616

 
Seismic mapping, prospects and leads,  
Block 49, Oman

Vibrator truck

Receiver truck

Geophones (receivers)

GAS

OIL

WATER

WATER

3D seismic area

2D seismic area

N

0

40,000 m

1717

Transportation and sales (Blocks 3&4)

All oil produced at the fields is transported 
through  a  pipeline  to  the  Qarn  Alam 
metering station, to the west of the blocks. 
At the metering station, the oil volumes are 
recorded and the quality is measured. From 
Qarn Alam, the oil is transported through 
the national pipeline system to the Mina Al 
Fahal terminal in Muscat. At this terminal, 
the oil is lifted and loaded into oil tankers. 
From Muscat, the oil is shipped to different 
destinations primarily in Asia. 

Licences in Oman are held through Explo-
ration and Production Sharing Agreements 
(EPSA). The EPSA allows the joint opera-
tions partners to recover their costs from a 
predetermined  percentage  of  the  value  of 
total oil production, referred to as cost oil. 
After deducting any allowance for cost oil, 
the remaining oil production is split, also 
according  to  a  predetermined  percentage, 
between the government and the partners. 
The  exact  percentages  differ  from  licence 
to  licence.  Until  oil  has  been  found  and 
produced  on  a  licence,  no  costs  can  be 
recovered.  If  no  commercial  oil  discovery 
is  made  on  an  exploration  licence,  the 
exploring oil company bears all the risk.

its  oil  from 
Tethys  Oil  sells  all  of 
Blocks 3&4 on a monthly basis to Mitsui 
Energy Trading Singapore, which is part of 
Mitsui & Co Ltd. Tethys Oil’s selling price 
is  based  on  the  monthly  average  price  of 
the  two-month  future  contract  of  Oman 
blend  as  traded  on  the  Dubai  Mercantile 
Exchange,  including  trading  and  quality 
adjustments.

1818

Office and staff

Tethys  Oil’s  staff  consist  of  20  highly 
motivated  individuals  from  seven  differ-
ent nationalities, ranging in age from early 
twenties  to  mid  seventies  and  with  a  bal-
anced  gender  representation  (35  percent 
female and 65 percent male). A majority of 
the  staff  have  graduated  from  universities 
and  colleges,  primarily  with  geosciences, 
engineering or business administration.

Muscat Office
A  team  of  highly  trained  engineers  and 
subsurface  specialists  are  based  at  Tethys 
Oil’s  office 
in  Muscat  together  with 
finance and administration staff. As per the 
Omani government directive related to the 
employment, preference is given to Omani 
nationals in recruiting new staff. The Mus-
cat office is the base for Tethys Oil’s CTO. 

Stockholm Office
Tethys Oil head office is located in central 
Stockholm, Sweden. The Stockholm office 
is the base for the Managing Director and 
the CFO, along with Tethys Oil’s finance, 
legal,  business  development  and  commu-
nication staff.

Operational areas outside Oman

Tethys  Oil’s  portfolio  also  includes  Euro-
pean  licences,  with  indirect  interests  in 
three  onshore  licenses  in  Lithuania  and 
one dormant onshore licence in France.

western  part  of  the  country.  The  Lithu-
ania  tax  regime  is  very  attractive,  so  even 
smaller amounts of oil can generate good 
value.

Lithuania, on the Baltic Sea in the north-
eastern part of Europe, is a small oil pro-
ducer.  Oil  was  discovered  in  Lithuania 
some 60 years ago. From a peak at about 
10,000 bopd around 20 years ago, the pro-
duction has now dropped to about 2,000 
bopd.  The  production  is  located  in  the 

Tethys  Oil’s  Lithuanian  licences  cover  an 
area  of  some  4,000  km2.  The  Gargzdai 
licence is in production with 85 bopd net 
to Tethys  Oil  in  2018.  The  oil  produced 
at  the  Gargzdai  licence  has  an  API  of 
about 42 degrees and is normally sold on a 
weekly basis to a nearby refinery.

The Rietavas and the Raseiniai licences are 
exploration licences. Since the acquisition 
of  the  licence  interests  in  2012,  several 
exploration wells have been drilled, which 
have confirmed the presence of oil in the 
area, and seismic studies been conducted.

The Attila licence is located some 250 km 
east  of  Paris.  Tethys  Oil  is  reviewing  the 
prospectivety  and  potential  for  additional 
work at the licence.

19

 
Corporate Governance Report 2018

Corporate  Governance  practices 
refer 
to  the  decision-making  systems  through 
which owners, directly or indirectly, control 
a company. Tethys Oil is a publicly traded 
company  listed  on  Nasdaq  Stockholm, 
Mid Cap. Tethys Oil adheres to the Swed-
ish  Code  of  Corporate  Governance  (“the 
Code”).  The  Code  is  published  on  www.
bolagsstyrning.se,  where  a  description  of 
the Swedish Corporate Governance model 
can be found. This Corporate Governance 
Report  2018  is  submitted  in  accordance 
with  the  Swedish  Annual  Accounts  Act 
and the Code. It explains how Tethys Oil 
has  conducted  its  corporate  governance 
activities during 2018. Tethys Oil does not 
report any deviations from the Code, Nas-
daq Stockholm’s rule book for issuers, rec-
ommendations from the Swedish Securities 
Council, decisions from Disciplinary Com-
mittee at Nasdaq Stockholm or statements 
from  the  Swedish  Securities  Council.  The 
report has been examined by the Compa-
ny’s auditors, please see page 25.

External and internal framework 
for governance in Tethys Oil
External:
•  Swedish Companies Act
(e.g.  Swed-
legislation 
•  Accounting 
ish  accounting  act,  Swedish  Annual 
Accounts Act and IFRS)

•  Nasdaq Stockholm’s rule book for issuers
•  Swedish Code of Corporate Governance

Internal:
•  Articles of Association
•  Board instructions, rules of procedures
•  Internal  control  framework  with  Code 

of Conduct, polices etc.

Shareholders
Tethys  Oil’s  shares  are  traded  on  Nasdaq 
Stockholm.  At  year  end  2018  the  share 
capital amounted to SEK 5,984,402, rep-
resented by 35,896,310 shares, each with a 
par value of SEK 0.17. All shares represent 
one vote each. At 31 December 2018, the 
number of shareholders was 6,602 (5,043). 
Of  the  total  number  of  shares,  foreign 
shareholders  accounted  for  approximately 
68 percent. Lansdowne Partners LLP is the 
only shareholder with a holding in excess 
of  10  percent  of  shares  and  votes,  with  a 
holding  of  3,593,699  shares  representing 
10.1  percent  of  shares  and  votes.  Tethys 

Oil’s  holding  of  its  own  shares  amounted 
to  1,644,163  (4.6  percent).  For  further 
information on share, share capital devel-
opment and shareholders, see pages 29–31 
and Tethys Oil’s website.

Annual General Meeting
The  Annual  General  Meeting  (“AGM”) 
must be held within six months of the close 
of the fiscal year. All shareholders who are 
listed  in  the  share  register  on  the  record 
date, and who have notified the Company 
of their participation in due time, are enti-
tled to participate in the AGM. The AGM 
was  held  in  Stockholm  on  9  May  2018. 
158  shareholders  were  represented  at  the 
AGM, representing 42 percent of the votes 
and share capital in the company. The reso-
lutions passed by the meeting included the 
following:

•  Adoption of the income statements and 
balance sheets for 2017 and discharge of 
liability for the Board of Directors and 
the Managing Director;

•  Re-election of Robert Anderson, Alexan-
dra Herger, Magnus Nordin, Per Seime 
and Geoffrey Turbott. Geoffrey Turbott 
was elected chairman of the Board;

•  Remuneration  of  the  members  of  the 
Board of Directors and the chairman of 
the Board of Directors, including Board 
committee  membership,  to  be  as  fol-
lows: (i) annual fees of the members of 
the Board of Directors of SEK 300,000 
(excluding  the);  (ii)  annual  fees  of  the 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  SEK  630,000;  (iii)  annual  fees  for 
committee  members  of  SEK  35,000 
per  committee  assignment,  annual  fees 
for  the  chairmen  of  the  remuneration 
committee  and  technical  committee,  if 
applicable, of SEK 65,000 each and an 
annual fee for the chairman of the audit 
committee  of  SEK  90,000,  unless  the 
committee is chaired by the chairman of 
the Board of Directors in which case an 
annual fee of SEK 65,000. The total fees 
for  committee  work,  including  com-
mittee  chairmen  fees  shall  not  exceed 
SEK 360,000;  and  (iv)  if  a  member  of 
the Board of Directors, following a reso-
lution  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  per-
forms tasks which are outside the regu-
lar  Board  work,  separate  remuneration 
in  the  form  of  hourly  fees  on  market 

20

terms, within a frame of SEK 250,000, 
may be paid by resolution of the Board 
of Directors;

•  Re-election  of  PricewaterhouseCoopers 
AB as auditors. Auditors will be paid as 
invoices are approved;

•  Guidelines  for  compensation  of  senior 

executives;

•  Incentive  programme  as  part  of  the 
remuneration  package  to  employees. 
Issuance  of  350,000  warrants  where 
each warrant entitled to subscription to 
one new share in Tethys Oil during the 
period 1 June 2021 up to an including 
2 October 2021. Subscription price for 
the warrants is SEK 89.00 per share;
•  Authorisation for the Board to resolve on 
repurchasing own shares up to not more 
than one-tenth of all outstanding shares 
and to resolve on transfer of own shares;
•  Rules for the appointment and work of 

the nomination committee; and

•  Authorisation  for  the  Board  to  resolve 
to  issue  new  shares  and/or  convertibles 
with consideration in cash and/or with 
consideration  in  kind  or  by  set-off,  to 
enable  the  company  to  make  business 
acquisitions and to raise capital for the 
Company’s business operations.

The minutes recorded at the AGM can be 
found at Tethys Oil’s website, www.tethys-
oil.com.

Nomination process
In  accordance  with  the  nomination  com-
mittee  process  approved  by  the  AGM 
2018,  the  nomination  committee  for  the 
AGM 2019 consists of members appointed 
by three of the largest shareholders of the 
Company  based  on  shareholdings  as  per 
30 September  2018  and  the  chairman  of 
the  Board.  The  names  of  the  members  of 
the nomination committee were announced 
and  posted  on  the  Company’s  website  on 
14 November 2018, i.e. six months before 
the AGM as prescribed by the Code.

The nomination committee for the AGM 
2019  has  held  four  meetings  during  its 
mandate and informal contacts have taken 
place between such meetings. The nomina-
tion committee report, including the final 
proposals to the AGM 2019, is published 
on  the  Company’s  website  together  with 
the notice of the AGM.

management, and five Board members are 
independent from larger shareholders. 

For  further  information  on  the  Board 
members, please see pages 26–27.

Board of Directors elected at the AGM 2018

Member

Elected

Position

Year of 
birth

Nationality

Independent in 
relation to the 
Company

Geoffrey Turbott

2015

Chairman

1963

New Zealand

Robert Anderson

2017

Member

1953 United Kingdom

Alexandra Herger

2017

Member

1957

United States

Magnus Nordin

2001

Member

1956

Sweden

Per Seime

2017

Member

1946

Norway

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Independent 
in relation to 
the Company’s 
larger 
shareholders

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Rules of procedure
The Board of Directors’ work is governed 
by  annually  adopted  rules  of  procedure. 
The Board of Directors supervise the work 
of  the  Managing  Director  by  continually 
following  up  the  Company’s  operations. 
The  Board  of  Directors  also  ensures  that 
the  Company’s  organisation,  administra-
tion  and  controls  are  properly  managed. 
The  Board  of  Directors  adopts  strategies 
and  goals  and  resolves  on  larger  invest-
ments, acquisitions and disposals of busi-
ness  activities  or  assets.  It  also  appoints 
the  Managing  Director  and  determines 
the  Managing  Director’s  salary  and  other 
compensation.

The  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
supervises the work and is responsible for 

it being well organised and efficient. This 
entails,  among  other  things,  continually 
following  the  Company’s  operations  in 
contact  with  the  Managing  Director  and 
being  responsible  for  other  Board  mem-
bers  receiving  the  information  and  docu-
mentation  needed  to  ensure  high  quality 
discussions and well-founded decisions by 
the  Board  of  Directors.  The  chairman  is 
responsible for the evaluation of the Board 
of Directors’ and the Managing Director’s 
work and represents the Board of Directors 
in ownership matters.

According  to  the  current  rules  of  proce-
dure the Board of Directors shall, after the 
constituent  Board  meeting  following  the 
AGM, hold a minimum of seven ordinary 
meetings during a calendar year.

Timing and main items for ordinary meetings following AGM

May

August

Constituting meeting

Second quarter report

September–November

Strategy and discussion investment plan/budget

November 

December

February

March–April

April–May

Third quarter report and time/place for AGM

Investment plan and budget, liquidity and forecast

Fourth quarter and year-end report, allocation of profit

Annual report and AGM

First quarter report

The Nomination Committee’s assignment 
is  to  produce  proposals  for  the  following 
matters,  which  will  be  presented  to  the 
AGM for resolution:

•  AGM chairman:
•  Board members:
•  Chairman of the Board:
•  Board  fees  and  remuneration  for  com-
mittee work allocated to each member:

•  Auditors and auditor’s fee: and
•  Proposal regarding procedures and prin-
ciples  for  establishing  a  nomination 
committee and issues pertaining thereto 
for the AGM 2020.

The  work  of  the  nomination  committee 
included  evaluation  of  the  Board’s  work, 
competence  and  composition,  as  well  as 
the  independence  of  the  members.  The 
nomination  committee  also  considered 
other criteria such as the background and 
experience  and  has  also  taken  part  in  the 
Board evaluation. Further, the nomination 
committee has considered the Company’s 
Board  diversity  policy  in  its  proposal  for 
Board members. The Board diversity pol-
icy is available on the Company’s website.

The nomination committee for the AGM 
2019 consisted of the following members:

•  Viktor Modigh, chairman of the nomi-
nation committee, representing Magnus 
Nordin;

•  Mikael  Petersson,  representing  Lans-
downe  Investment  Company  Limited 
and Coeli Asset Management AB;

•  Johan  Strandberg,  representing  SEB 

Investment Management AB; and

•  Geoffrey Turbott, chairman of Tethys Oil

The Board and its work 
Board composition
The  Articles  of  Association  stipulate  that 
the Board of Directors of Tethys Oil shall 
consist of no less than three and no more 
than  ten  Board  members  with  no  more 
than three deputy Board members. Board 
members are elected for a maximum of one 
year at a time. The Board of Directors of 
Tethys Oil since the AGM 2018 has con-
sisted  of  five  members  and  no  deputies. 
Geoffrey Turbott has been chairman of the 
Board. Four Board members are independ-
ent from the Company and the Company’s 

21

Assessment of the board’s work
The  chairman  of  the  Board  is  responsible 
for assessing the Board’s work including the 
performance of individual Board members. 
This is done on an annual basis through a 
questionnaire which is anonymous for the 
Board members. The assessment focuses on 
such factors as the Board’s way of working, 
number of meetings and effectiveness, time 
for  preparation,  available  competence  and 

individual Board members influence of the 
Board’s  work. The  nomination  committee 
takes part in assessing the results, and it is 
a  component  in  the  nomination  commit-
tee’s work to submit a proposal to the AGM 
concerning Board members.

The Board’s work in 2018
During 2018, the Board held 15 meetings 
of  which  eight  were  ordinary  and  seven 

extraordinary,  in  person,  via  telephone 
and per capsulam meetings. Attendance at 
the meetings are shown in the table below. 
Board secretary was CFO Jesper Alm. Prior 
to each meeting, Board members were pro-
vided with an agenda and written informa-
tion  on  the  matters  to  be  covered.  Each 
meeting has included the possibility to dis-
cuss  without  management  representatives 
being present.

Board of Directors and committee attendance in 2018

Board member

Board

Member 
Audit 
Committee

Member 
Remuneration 
Committee

Member of 
Technical 
Committee

Board 
meetings

Audit 
Committee 
meetings

Remuneration 
Committee 
meetings

Technical 
Committee 
meetings

Geoffrey Turbott

Chairman

Yes (Chairman)

Robert Andersson

Member

Alexandra Herger

Member

Magnus Nordin

Member

–

–

–

–

–

Yes

–

Per Seime

Member

Yes

Yes (Chairman)

Stepped down at or prior to AGM 2018

Dennis Harlin

Chairman

Per Brilioth

Member

–

–

Katherine Støvring

Member

Yes

Yes

–

Yes

–

15/15

6/6

Yes (Chairman)

15/15

Yes

–

–

–

–

–

15/15

15/15

15/15

3/5

2/5

0/2

–

–

–

6/6

–

–

0/1

–

–

2/2

–

4/4

1/2

–

0/1

3/4

6/6

5/5

–

–

–

–

–

Board committees
In  order  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  its 
work  and  enable  a  more  detailed  analysis 
of  certain  matters,  the  Board  has  formed 
committees:  Audit,  Remuneration  and 
Technical.  Committee  members 
are 
appointed within the Board for the period 
until  the  next  AGM.  The  committee’s 
duties and authorities are regulated in the 
annually  approved  rules  of  procedure  for 
each committee. The committees perform 
monitoring  and  evaluations,  resulting  in 
recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Direc-
tors, where all decision making takes place.

Audit Committee
The Board has established an Audit Com-
mittee for the period up to and including 
the  AGM  2019,  consisting  of  Geoffrey 
Turbott  as  chairman  and  Per  Seime  as 
a  member  of  the  committee.  The  Audit 
Committee  convened  six  times  in  2018. 
The work has mainly focused on supervis-
ing the Company’s financial reporting and 
assessing  the  efficiency  of  the  Company’s 
financial  internal  controls,  with  the  pri-

mary  objective  being  providing  support 
to the Board in the decision making pro-
cesses  regarding  such  matters.  The  Audit 
Committee  also  regularly  liaises  with  the 
Group’s  statutory  auditor  as  part  of  the 
annual audit process and reviews the audit 
fees  and  the  auditor’s  independence  and 
impartiality. The Audit Committee reports 
to the Board, normally in conjunction with 
the following Board meeting. Members of 
the committee during 2018 prior to AGM 
2018 consisted of Geoffrey Turbott (chair-
man), Per Seime and Katherine Støvring.

Remuneration Committee
The  Board  has  established  a  Remunera-
tion Committee for the period up to and 
including the AGM 2019, consisting of Per 
Seime as chairman and Alexandra Herger 
as a member of the committee. The Remu-
neration Committee convened four times 
in 2018. The work has mainly focused on 
establishing  principles  for  remuneration 
to  management,  establishing  key  perfor-
mance indicators, to monitor and evaluate 
variable remuneration and the application 

of the guidelines for remuneration as well 
as to construct and propose the share based 
incentive  programme.  The  Remuneration 
Committee reports to the Board, normally 
in  conjunction  with  the  following  Board 
meeting. Members of the committee dur-
ing 2018 prior to AGM 2018 consisted of 
Per Seime (chairman), Dennis Harlin and 
Katherine Støvring.

Technical Committee
The  Board  has  established  a  Techni-
cal  Committee  for  the  period  up  to  and 
including  the  AGM  2019,  consisting  of 
Robert Anderson as chairman and Alexan-
dra  Herger  as  a  member  of  the  commit-
tee.  The  Technical  Committee  convened 
six  times  in  2018.  The  work  has  mainly 
focused  on  following  up  on  work  pro-
grams,  budgets  and  investment  propos-
als,  evaluation  of  and  recommendation 
on appointment of independent qualified 
reserve  auditor,  oversight  of  the  reserves 
audit  process,  review  of  operations  man-
agement  systems  and  technical  review 
of  new  ventures  projects.  The  Technical 

22

Committee reports to the Board, normally 
in  conjunction  with  the  following  Board 
meeting. Members of the committee dur-
ing 2018 prior to AGM 2018 consisted of 
Robert  Anderson  (chairman),  Alexandra 
Herger and Geoffrey Turbott.

External auditors of the Company 
Statutory auditor
Pursuant  to  its  Articles  of  Association, 
Tethys Oil must have one or two auditors, 
and  no  more  than  two  deputies.  A  regis-
tered firm of auditors may be appointed as 
the Company’s auditor. Tethys Oil’s audi-
tor  is  PricewaterhouseCoopers  AB  with 
Ulrika  Ramsvik  as  lead  partner  and  Bo 
Hjalmarsson  as  co-signing  auditor.  Price-
waterhouseCoopers AB was elected as the 
Company’s auditor at the AGM 2018.

Tethys Oil’s auditor: Pricewaterhouse-
Coopers AB

Ulrika 
Ramsvik

Bo 
Hjalmarsson

Role

Lead partner

Co-signing 
auditor

Company auditor 
since

2014

2018

The audit firm has, besides the audit, con-
ducted  a  limited  number  of  other  assign-
ments  on  behalf  of  Tethys  Oil.  These 
assignments  mainly  consisted  of  services 
associated with auditing, such as in-depth 
reviews during the audit. Remuneration to 
the auditors of Tethys Oil is paid in accord-
ance  with  approved  current  accounts.  In 
2018,  remuneration  to  Pricewaterhouse- 
Coopers  AB  amounted  to  MUSD  0.1 
(MUSD 0.2). For details on remuneration 
to auditors, see note 10, Auditor’s fees.

Independent qualified reserves 
auditor
Tethys Oil’s independent qualified reserves 
auditor  annually  certifies  Tethys  Oil’s  oil 
reserves and resources, although such assets 
are not included in the Company’s balance 
sheet.  The  independent  qualified  reserves 
auditor for the 2018 report was ERC Equi-
poise Limited (“ERCE”), that also audited 
the 2017 report. For further information, 
see Reserves on page 9.

Managing Director and executive 
management
The  executive  management  in Tethys  Oil 
throughout  2018  has  consisted  of  the 
Managing  Director  (Magnus  Nordin), 
CFO  (Jesper  Alm)  and  the  CTO  (Fre-
drik  Robelius).  The  Board  of  Directors 
has  adopted  an  instruction  for  the  Man-
aging Director which clarifies the respon-
sibilities  and  authority  of  the  Managing 
Director.  According  to  the  instruction, 
the  Managing  Director  shall  provide  the 
Board  of  Directors  with  decision  data  in 
order  to  enable  the  Board  to  make  well-
founded decisions and with documents to 
enable it to continually monitor the activi-
ties  for  the  year.  The  Managing  Director 
is  responsible  for  the  day  to  day  business 
of  the  Company  and  shall  take  the  deci-
sions  needed  for  developing  the  business 
–  within  the  legal  framework,  the  busi-
ness plan, the budget and the instruction 
for the Managing Director adopted by the 
Board of Directors as well as in accordance 
with  other  guidelines  and  instructions 
communicated by the Board of Directors.

Remuneration policy to executive 
management
Remuneration  policy  to  the  executive 
management includes five elements:

•  Basic salary;
•  Pension arrangements;
•  Yearly variable salary, including the right 
to  participate  in  share-based  long-term 
incentive;

•  Other benefits; and
•  Severance arrangements

The Board has the right to deviate from the 
remuneration policy if there are particular 
reasons.

Basic salary
The basic salary shall be in line with mar-
ket  conditions,  be  competitive,  and  shall 
take into account the scope and responsi-
bility associated with the position, as well 
as the skills, experience, and performance 
of the executive.

sion  contributions  shall  be  in  relation  to 
the basic salary and is set on an individual 
basis but shall not be higher than what is 
tax deductible.

Variable salary
Senior  executives  shall  be  part  of  two 
variable  remuneration  systems  payable  in 
cash  and/or  in  combination  with  a  right 
to  acquire  warrants  in  the  Company  in  a 
long-term incentive programs. 

Senior  executives  may  have  the  right  to 
participate in share based long-term incen-
tive  programs.  When  allocating  warrants 
the  same  financial  and  operational  key 
indicators  as  for  variable  cash  salary  shall 
be considered. 

The  yearly  variable  cash  salary  shall  be 
within  the  range  of  1–12  monthly  sala-
ries  per  person  and  year.  The  targets  for 
variable cash remuneration shall be deter-
mined  by  the  Board  prior  to  each  finan-
cial  year  and  individual  agreements  shall 
be  arranged  with  each  participant,  the 
content  of  which  depends  on  the  partici-
pant’s  position  at  the  time  the  agreement 
is arranged. The targets shall be objectively 
quantifiable  and  related  to  budget.  The 
targets  shall  consist  of  key  performance 
indicators both for the group’s overall and 
financial performance as well as individual 
performance.  The  yearly  variable  salary 
will be determined annually in connection 
with publication of the year-end report for 
the  respective  financial  year  based  on  an 
evaluation of the participants’ achievement 
of the targets as described in the individual 
agreements. 

Payment  of  variable  cash  remuneration 
shall  be  conditional  upon  the  participant 
remaining  employed  for  the  duration  of 
the  programme.  The  Board  has  the  right 
to  adjust  the  incentive  program  during 
the  term  of  the  programme  in  the  case 
of,  for  example,  extraordinary  increases 
or  decreases  in  the  Group’s  earnings. 
The  variable  remuneration  shall  not  be 
pensionable.

Pension arrangements
The  pension  benefits  comprise  a  defined 
contribution  scheme  with  premiums  cal-
culated  on  the  full  basic  salary.  The  pen-

Other benefits
Non-financial  benefits  shall  be  based  on 
market terms and shall facilitate the duties 
of each senior executive.

23

Severance arrangements
A mutual termination period of 12 months 
applies  between  the  Company  and  the 
Managing Director and up to six months 

between  the  Company  and  other  senior 
executives. Severance pay shall be paid to 
the Managing Director of up to 12 months 
fixed salary and up to 12 months fixed sal-

ary for other senior executives if the Com-
pany terminates their employment.

Remuneration to executive management 2018
(TSEK)

Basic salary

Pension  
arrange ments

Variable  
salary

Share based long-
term incentive

Other  
benefits

Managing Director

2,842

729

536

Other executive 
management

Total

3,671

6,513

377

1,106

991

1,526

1,120

1,025

2,145

25

428

453

Total  
2018

5,252

6,491

11,743

Total  
2017

4,704

6,155

10,860

The  increase  in  remuneration  to  executive 
management  primarily  relate  to  increased 
base  salaries.  For  further 
information, 
please see note 12.

Remuneration to the Board 2018
Remuneration  to  be  paid  to  the  Board 
of  Directors  for  the  period  between  the 
AGMs  of  2018  and  2019  amounts  to  a 
total  of  TSEK  1,830,  allocated  among 
the  Board  members  in  the  way  shown  in 
the below table. The annual general meet-
ing  2018  resolved  that  remuneration  of 

the  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
shall be TSEK 630 per annum and of the 
other  members  TSEK 300  per  member 
per annum. Remuneration is not paid for 
service  of  the  Boards  or  directors  of  sub-
sidiaries. Magnus Nordin, who is employed 
by Tethys Oil, does not receive any remu-
neration  for  his  service  on  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

Annual  fee  for  committee  members  is 
TSEK  35  per  committee  assignment  and 
annual  fees  for  the  chairman  of  the    the 

remuneration and technical committees are 
TSEK 65. The annual fee for the chairman 
of the audit committee is TSEK 90, unless 
the committee is chaired by the Chairman 
of the Board in which case the annual fee 
is TSEK  65.  Further,  if  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  following  a  resolution 
by  the  Board  of  Directors,  performs  tasks 
which are outside the regular Board work, 
separate remuneration in the form of hourly 
fees on market terms may be paid by resolu-
tion  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  for  which 
purpose a frame of TSEK 250 was allowed.

Remuneration to board and committee members for the period between the AGMs of 2018 and 2019 (in their capacity as board members)
(TSEK)

Member

Geoffrey Turbott

Robert Anderson

Alexandra Herger

Magnus Nordin

Per Seime

Total

Board of  
directors

Audit  
Committee

Technical 
Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

630

300

300

–

300

1,530

65

–

–

–

35

100

–

65

35

–

–

100

–

–

35

–

65

100

Total

695

365

370

–

400

1,830

Financial reporting and control
The  Board  of  Directors  has  the  ultimate 
responsibility  of  the  internal  control  for 
the financial reporting. Tethys Oil’s system 
of internal control, with regard to financial 
reporting,  is  designed  to  minimize  risks 
involved  in  financial  reporting  process 
and ensure a high level of reliability in the 
financial  reporting.  Furthermore,  the  sys-
tem of internal control ensures compliance 

with  applicable  accounting  requirements 
and  other  requirements  that  Tethys  Oil 
must meet as a listed company.

Tethys Oil’s main assets are owned in part-
nership.  The  focus  of  internal  control  is 
therefore to ensure reliability and accuracy 
of  the  operator’s  financial  information. 
The control is conducted by monthly and 
quarterly  cost  controls,  quarterly  budget 

reviews  and  interviews  with  operator  to 
understand and explain deviations.

Internal control
Tethys  Oil  continually  works  on  improv-
ing the financial reporting through evalu-
ating  the  risk  of  errors  in  the  financial 
reporting  and  related  control  activities. 
Control  activities  include  following  up 
on  instructions  and  the  application  of 

24

accounting principles. The Board of Direc-
tors  is  responsible  for  and  monitors  the 
control  activities,  which  involve  all  levels 
of the organisation. The activities limit the 
identified risks and ensure correct and reli-
able  financial  reporting.  The  Company’s 
central  financial  department  analyses  and 
follows up on budget deviations, draws up 
forecasts,  follows  up  on  significant  varia-
tions  between  periods  and  reports  to  the 
Board  of  Directors,  which  minimises  the 
risks  for  errors  in  the  financial  reporting. 
The  control  activities  also  include  fol-
lowing  up  on  the  authorisation  manual 
and  accounting  principles.  These  control 
activities also include the operators in part-
nerships.  The  Board  of  Directors  further 

decides  on  specific  control  activities  and 
auditing of operators in partnerships. The 
financial  department  regularly  follows  up 
on deviations and irregularities and reports 
to  the  audit  committee.  This  structure  is 
considered sufficient and suitable given the 
size and nature of the Company’s business. 
At the current size of the Company and the 
fact that the Company holds non-operated 
interests  or  early  stage  operated  explora-
tion interests, it is not considered necessary 
for a dedicated internal auditor function.

Information and communication
The  Board  has  adopted  an  information 
policy for the purpose of ensuring that the 
external  information  is  correct  and  com-

plete. There are also instructions regarding 
information security and how to commu-
nicate financial information.

Monitoring
Both the Board and the management fol-
low  up  on  the  compliance  and  effective-
ness of the Company’s internal controls to 
ensure the quality of internal processes. The 
Board receives detailed monthly reports on 
the financial situation and development of 
the business to this end. The Audit Com-
mittee  ensures  and  monitors  that  control 
activities are in place for important areas of 
risk related to financial reporting.

Stockholm, 3 April 2019

Tethys Oil AB (publ)
The Board of Directors

This is a literal translation of the Swedish original report
Auditor’s report on the Corporate Governance Statement

To the general meeting of the shareholders in Tethys Oil AB (publ), corporate identity number 556615-8266.

Engagement and responsibility
It is the Board of Directors who is responsible for the corporate 
governance statement for the year 2018 on pages 20–25 and that 
it has been prepared in accordance with the Annual Accounts Act. 

The scope of the audit
Our  examination  has  been  conducted  in  accordance  with  FAR’s 
auditing standard RevU 16 The auditor’s examination of the cor-
porate governance statement. This means that our examination of 
the corporate governance statement is different and substantially 
less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with Inter-
national  Standards  on  Auditing  and  generally  accepted  auditing 
standards  in  Sweden.  We  believe  that  the  examination  has  pro-
vided us with sufficient basis for our opinions. 

Opinion
A corporate governance statement has been prepared. Disclosures 
in  accordance  with  chapter  6  section  6  the  second  paragraph 
points  2–6  the  Annual  Accounts  Act  and  chapter  7  section  31 
the second paragraph the same law are consistent with the annual 
accounts and the consolidated accounts and are in accordance with 
the Annual Accounts Act. 

Stockholm, 3 April 2019
PricewaterhouseCoopers AB

Ulrika Ramsvik
Authorized Public Accountant
Lead Partner

Bo Hjalmarsson
Authorized Public Accountant

25

Board of Directors

Member

Function

Elected

Year of birth

Nationality

Geoffrey Turbott

Rob Anderson

Alexandra Herger

Chairman of the Board and chairman of 
the Audit Committee

Board member and chairman of the 
Technical Committee

Board member and member of the 
Remuneration and Technical Committees

2015

1963

2017

1953

2017

1957

New Zealand

United Kingdom

United States

Education/background

Former member of New Zealand’s 
institute of chartered accountants

Experience

Worked with public companies in 
which the Lundin family holds a major 
shareholding from 1995 to 2013, 
whereof as Chief Financial Officer and 
Vice President of Finance at Lundin 
Petroleum AB from 2002 to 2013

MA Engineering, Christ's College, 
Cambridge University. Chartered 
Engineer & Fellow of the Institution of 
Mechanical Engineers

VP Projects & Engineering at TNK-BP, 
Head of Projects at BP. Engineer with 
deep experience in oil installations and 
major oil and gas field developments

BA Geology, Ohio Wesleyan University 
and Master studies Geology, University 
of Houston

VP Global Exploration at Marathon 
Oil, executive positions at Shell and 
Enterprise Oil

Board member: Panoro Energy ASA and 
Tortoise Capital Advisors 
Member: Women's Leadership 
Committee, Oil Council and Leadership 
Texas, Foundation for women's 
resources

–

–

370

Yes

Yes

Other board duties

Board member: Tetbury Forestry Ltd. And 
Progress Land Ltd.

–

Shares in Tethys Oil (per 
31 December 2018)1

31,700

Warrants in Tethys Oil (per 
31 December 2018)1

–

Board and committe 
remuneration (TSEK)2

Independent in relation to 
the Company

Independent in relation 
to the Company's larger 
shareholders

695

Yes

Yes

1  Privately, via company and insurance policy
2  Resolved upon at the AGM 2018

–

–

365

Yes

Yes

2626

Member

Function

Elected

Year of birth

Nationality

Magnus Nordin

Per Seime

Board member and Managing Director

Board member, chairman of the 
Remuneration Committee and member 
of the Audit Committee

2001

1956

Sweden

2017

1946

Norway

Education/background

Bachelor of Arts, University of Lund and 
Master of Arts, University of California, 
Los Angeles

Master of Law, University of Oslo. Master 
of Comparative Law, University of Chicago 
Law School (Oil & Gas)

Experience

Several executive positions in different 
oil companies

Oil and gas lawyer with experience 
from the Norwegian Continental Shelf 
and internationally. 17 years as head 
of the oil and gas group in the law firm 
Simonsen Vogt Wiig, Oslo. Counsel/
General Counsel for Mobil Oil in Norway, 
USA and Indonesia. Board chairman 
for Premier Oil Norge (2004–2013) and 
Nexen Exploration Norge (2005–2014). 
General Counsel in Kongsberg Gruppen 
for nine years.

Other board duties

Board member: Minotaurus AB, 
including subsidiaries, and Minotaurus 
Energi AS

–

5,000

–

400

Yes

Yes

Shares in Tethys Oil (per 
31 December 2018)1

1,464,127

Warrants in Tethys Oil (per 
31 December 2018)1

2016/19: 70,000 
2017/20: 75,000 
2018/21: 75,000

Board and committe 
remuneration (TSEK)2

Independent in relation to 
the Company

Independent in relation 
to the Company's larger 
shareholders

–

No

Yes

1  Privately, via company and insurance policy
2  Resolved upon at the AGM 2018

2727

Executive management

Magnus Nordin

Jesper Alm

Fredrik Robelius

Board member and Managing Director

Chief Financial Officer and secretary to the board

Chief Technical Officer

Employed since 2004

Employed since 2014

Employed since 2011

Education: Bachelor of Arts, University 
of Lund and Master of Arts, University of 
California Los Angeles

Education: M.Sc. Business Administration, 
University of Lund

Education: PhD Engineering Physics, Uppsala 
University; Postgraduate Diploma Petroleum 
Engineering, Heriot-Watt University

Born 1956

Sweden

Born 1975

Sweden

Born 1973

Sweden

Experience: several executive positions in 
different oil companies

Experience: various positions in Corporate 
Finance at Pareto Securities and E. Öhman 
J:or Fondkommission

Experience: energy engineering positions in 
Fortum, petroleum engineering related positions 
in Tanganyika Oil and Sinopec

Shares1: 1,464,127

Shares1: 7,000

Shares1: 8,500

Warrants1 2016/19: 70,000 
Warrants1 2017/20: 75,000
Warrants1 2018/21: 75,000

Warrants1 2016/19: 47,000
Warrants1 2017/20: 48,000
Warrants1 2018/21: 48,000

Warrants1 2016/19: 45,000
Warrants1 2017/20: 48,000
Warrants1 2018/21: 48,000

1  in Tethys Oil (per 31 December 2018),  

privately, via company and insurance policy.

2828

The Tethys Oil share

Tethys  Oil’s  shares  are  traded  on  Nasdaq  Stockholm.  With  the 
purpose of improving liquidity and reducing the spread between 
buyers and sellers of Tethys Oil shares, the Company has assigned 
Pareto Securities AB to act as a liquidity provider for the shares of 
the Company.

Shares outstanding
Tethys Oil’s registered share capital at 31 December 2018 amounts 
to SEK 5,984,402 represented by 35,896,310 shares with a quota 
value of SEK 0.17. All shares in Tethys Oil represent one vote each. 
All outstanding shares are common shares and carry equal rights to 
participation in Tethys Oil’s assets and earnings. As per 31 Decem-
ber  2018,  the  Board  of  Directors  had  remaining  outstanding 
authorisation  from  the  AGM  to  issue  up  to  10  percent  of  the 
shares up until the next AGM. As per 31 December 2018, Tethys 
Oil  held  1,644,163  (4.6  percent)  of  its  own  shares  which  were 
purchased during 2014 to 2017 at an average price of SEK 58.12. 
The share repurchase programme is based on a mandate from the 

respective AGM and repurchased shares are still part of the total 
number of outstanding shares, however not included in the num-
ber of shares in circulation, which amounts to 34,252,147.

Tethys Oil has a warrant programme as part of the remuneration 
package to employees. Warrants currently outstanding have been 
issued following the AGMs in 2016, 2017 and 2018. The terms 
for each warrant series have been recalculated as a consequence of 
recalculation events. The current terms are:

Warrant 
program

2016/19

2017/20

2018/21

Issued

Allotted

350,000

335,000

350,000

324,000

350,000

329,000

Strike price, 
SEK

No of shares 
each warrant 
entitle to

59.90

51.80

89.00

1.10

1.04

1.00

Share capital development
Since the company’s inception in September 2001 and up to 31 December 2018, the parent company’s share capital has developed as 
shown below:

Year 

Share capital development

Quota value,  
SEK

Change in number 
of shares 

Total number 
of shares 

Change in total 
share capital, SEK 

Total share 
capital, SEK

2001

2001

2001

2003

2004

2004

2006

2006

2007

2007

2007

2007

2008

2008

2008

2009

2009

2010

2010

2010

2011

2012

2015

2015

2015

2016

2016

2016

2018

2018

2018

2018

Formation of the company

Share issue

Share split 100:1

Share issue

Share split 2:1

Share issue

Non-cash issue

Share issues

Share issue

Exercise of warrants

Share issue

Set-off issue

Share split 3:1

Share issue

Exercise of warrants

Share issues

Exercise of warrants

Exercise of warrants

Share issue

Exercise of warrants

Non-cash issue

Share issue

Share split 1:2 (redemption shares)

Redemption

Bonus issue

Share split 1:2 (redemption shares)

Redemption

Bonus issue

Share split 1:2 (redemption shares)

Redemption

Bonus issue

Exercise of warrants

100.00

100.00

1.00

1.00

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.17

0.08

0.08

0.17

0.08

0.08

0.17

0.08

0.08

0.17

0.17

1,000

5,000

500,000

750,000

1,500,000

4,384,800

4,784,800

5,741,760

6,041,760

6,041,762

6,166,762

6,392,762

19,178,286

23,978,286

23,980,086

27,280,086

28,049,091

29,193,542

29,693,542

32,504,489

32,543,750

35,543,750

71,087,500

35,543,750

35,543,750

71,087,500

35,543,750

35,543,750

71,087,500

35,543,750

35,543,750

35,896,310

1,000

4,000

495,000

250,000

750,000

2,884,800

400,000

956,960

300,000

2

125,000

226,000

12,785,524

4,800,000

1,800

3,300,000

769,005

1,144,451

500,000

2,810,947

39,261

3,000,000

35,543,750

-35,543,750

0

35,543,750

-35,543,750

0

35,543,750

-35,543,750

0

352,560

29

100,000

400,000

0

250,000

0

1,442,400

200,000

478,480

150,000

1

62,500

113,000

0

800,000

300

550,000

128,167

190,742

83,334

468,491

6,544

501,667

0

-2,962,813

2,962,813

0

-2,962,813

2,962,813

0

-2,962,813

2,962,813

58,777

100,000

500,000

500,000

750,000

750,000

2,192,400

2,392,400

2,870,880

3,020,880

3,020,881

3,083,381

3,196,381

3,196,381

3,996,381

3,996,681

4,546,681

4,674,848

4,865,590

4,948,924

5,417,415

5,423,958

5,925,625

5,925,625

2,962,813

5,925,625

5,925,625

2,962,813

5,925,625

5,925,625

2,962,813

5,925,625

5,984,402

Capital structure target and dividend policy
Tethys Oil’s primary objective is to create shareholder value and 
in so doing the company will have a balanced approach to growth 
and shareholder distributions, with a long term capital structure 
target of a zero net cash position.

For  the  financial  year  2019,  the  Board  of  Directors  proposes  to 
the  AGM  2019  a  total  distribution  of  SEK  8.00  per  share,  cor-

responding to MSEK 274.0 in total. The distribution, subject to 
approval by the AGM, is proposed to be made by a cash dividend 
of  SEK  2.00  per  share  and  SEK  6.00  per  share  by  a  mandatory 
share  redemption  programme.  (AGM  2018  resolved  on  a  total 
distribution of SEK 6.00 per share, of which SEK 2.00 per share 
as  cash  dividend  and  SEK  4.00  per  share  by  a  mandatory  share 
redemption programme, equal to MSEK 203.4). 

Share ownership structure
The 15 largest shareholders in Tethys Oil as per 28 February 2019.

Name

Lansdowne Partners

Franklin Templeton

SEB Funds

Magnus Nordin

Grandeur Peak Global Advisors, LLC

Liontrust

JP Morgan Asset Management

Carl Erik Norman

Avanza Pension

Russell Investments

Schroders

Peder Månsson

Treasurer of the State of North Carolina

AXA

Wealins S.A.

Total, 15 largest shareholders

Summary, others appr. 7,200 shareholders

Outstanding shares

Tethys Oil AB

Total number of shares (incl. treasury shares)

Source: Modular Finance, 28 Feb 2019

Number of shares

Share of capital and votes 

3,593,699

1,757,924

1,520,205

1,467,127

1,134,748

1,052,328

866,644

585,000

524,238

480,276

431,216

402,974

385,410

360,000

350,000

14,911,789

19,340,358

34,252,147

1,644,163

35,896,310

10.1%

4.9%

4.2%

4.1%

3.2%

2.9%

2.4%

1.6%

1.5%

1.3%

1.2%

1.1%

1.1%

1.0%

1.0%

41.5%

53.9%

95.4%

4.6%

100.0%

30

Distribution of shareholdings
Distribution of shareholdings per 28 February 2019.

Holding

1 – 500

501 – 1,000

1,001 – 5,000

5,001 – 10,000

10,001 – 15,000

15,001 – 20,000

20,001 – 

Total

Source: Euroclear, 28 Feb 2019

Number of 
shares

540,115

525,730

1,276,841

626,751

488,465

379,860

32,058,548

35,896,310

Percentage of 
shares

Number of 
shareholders

Percentage of 
shareholders

1,5%

1,5%

3,6%

1,8%

1,4%

1,1%

89,3%

100,0%

5,741

79.7%

637

540

86

38

21

141

7,204

8.8%

7.5%

1.2%

0.5%

0.3%

2.0%

100.0%

Share statistics 2018
The  final  transaction  price  in  2018  was  SEK  64.77  correspond-
ing to a total market capitalization of MSEK 2,325. During the 
year  the  price  of  Tethys  Oil’s  share  decreased  by  1.5  percent. 

Based on data from NASDAQ Stockholm, the highest transaction 
price in 2018 was SEK 113.00 on 13 August and the lowest was 
SEK 58.80 on 9 February. The turnover velocity (annual turnover/
outstanding shares) was 97 percent on Nasdaq Stockholm.

Share price development and turnover 2018

120

90

60

30

0

SEK

Jan
2018

1,600,000

1,200,000

800,000

400,000

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Share price

Turnover

Jan
2019

Feb

0

Share volume
per day

31

Payments to authorities 2018

This  report  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  law  SFS 
2015:812  (Lag  2015:812  om  rapportering  av  betalningar  till 
myndigheter)  regarding  payments  to  authorities.  The  reported 
amounts refer to direct payments in excess of the threshold amount 

of SEK 860,000 and production sharing for the fiscal year 2018 
for the group in which Tethys Oil AB (publ) (“Tethys Oil”) is the 
parent company.

Per project

Project

Oman

Blocks 3&4

Block 49

Total Oman

Total

Per Authority

      Production sharing

License costs

Barrels (’000)

USD (’000)

USD (’000)

2,062

–

2,062

2,062

144,873

–

144,873

144,873

–

250

250

250

      Production sharing

License costs

Barrels (’000)

USD (’000)

USD (’000)

Sultanate of Oman – Ministry of Oil & Gas

Sultanate of Oman – Ministry of Finance

Total Oman

Total

2,062

–

2,062

2,062

144,873

–

144,873

144,873

100

150

250

250

Total

USD (’000)

144,873

250

145,123

145,123

Total

USD (’000)

144,973

150

145,123

145,123

Production sharing
The category includes non-cash taxes and compensation to receiv-
ing  state/authority  in  barrels  of  oil  from  Tethys  Oil’s  working 
interest share of production. The presented amounts are based on 
net entitlement and have been valued using the reported average 
price for the period.

License costs
This pertains to costs for maintaining the exploration license for 
Oman Block 49 where payment was made to Oman’s Ministry of 
Oil and Gas and Oman’s Ministry of Finance.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key financial data

Group

Operational items

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Production before government take, Oman Blocks 3&4, bbl

4,294,852

4,439,119

4,436,438

3,539,632

2,765,653

Production per day, Oman Blocks 3&4, bbl

11,767

12,162

12,121

9,698

7,577

Net sales after government take, bbl

2,163,148

2,316,404

2,357,701

1,805,056

1,464,228

Achieved oil price, USD/bbl

70.5

51.8

Revenue, MUSD

EBITDA, MUSD

EBITDA-margin, %

Operating result, MUSD

Operating margin, %

Net result, MUSD

Net margin, %

Cash and cash equivalents, MUSD

Shareholders' equity, MUSD

Balance sheet total, MUSD

Capital structure

Equity ratio, %

Leverage ratio, %

Investments, MUSD

Net cash, MUSD

Profitability

Return on shareholders' equity, %

Return on capital employed, %

Other

Average number of full time employees

Distribution per share, SEK

Cash flow from operations per share, USD

157.3

106.6

68%

60.7

39%

62.2

40%

73.1

267.6

291.4

92%

neg.

55.8

73.1

119.3

78.2

66%

38.4

32%

33.1

28%

42.0

228.5

244.7

93%

neg.

40.4

42.0

40.5

87.1

44.0

51%

-0.5

-1%

2.7

3%

39.0

196.9

239.0

82%

neg.

48.5

39.0

58.1

103.9

107.0

58.6

55%

23.0

21%

23.4

22%

51.2

217.2

253.6

86%

neg.

40.8

51.2

149.3

108.0

72%

57.1

38%

49.4

33%

47.8

214.3

233.5

92%

neg.

39.3

47.8

25.09%

26.66%

15.56%

18.97%

1.29%

4.20%

10.85%

25.82%

13.59%

30.87%

20

6.00

2.97

19

1.00

1.46

19

4.00

1.53

17

3.00

1.69

18

n.a.

2.89

Number of shares at year end, thousands

35,896

35,544

35,544

35,544

35,544

Of which repurchased shares at period end, thousands

1,644

1,644

1,329

1,084

298

Number of shares at year end (excluding repurchased shares), thousands

34,252

33,900

34,215

34,460

35,246

Shareholders' equity per share, USD

Weighted number of shares (before dilution) for the year, thousands

Weighted number of shares (after dilution) for the year, thousands

Earnings per share before dilution, USD

Earnings per share after dilution, USD

7.45

34,011

34,140

1.83

1.82

6.43

34,170

34,385

0.97

0.96

5.54

34,324

34,372

0.08

0.08

6.11

34,964

34,964

0.67

0.67

6.03

35,524

35,524

1.39

1.39

33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tethys Oil discloses alternative performance 
measures as part of its financial statements 
prepared in accordance with ESMA’s (Euro-
pean  Securities  and  Markets  Authority) 
guidelines. Tethys Oil believes that the alter-
native  performance  measures  provide  use-
ful  supplemental  information  to  manage-

ment, investors, security analysts and other 
stakeholders. They are meant to provide an 
enhanced  insight  into  the  financial  devel-
opment of Tethys Oil’s business operations 
and  improve  comparability  between  peri-
ods.  Alternative  performance  measures  are 
not defined under IFRS and should not be 

viewed as a substitute for financial informa-
tion presented in accordance with IFRS but 
rather as a complement. Reconciliations of 
relevant  alternative  performance  measures 
are provided on the following page. Defini-
tions of the performance measures are pro-
vided under the key ratio definitions below.

Definitions of key ratios

Relevant reconciliations of alternative performance measures

MUSD 

Operating result

Add: Depreciation, depletion and amortization

Add: Exploration costs

EBITDA

Cash and bank

Less: Interest bearing debt

Net cash

2018

60.7

45.9

–

106.6

73.1

– 

73.1

2017

2016

2015

38.4

39.5

0.3

78.2

42.0

–

42.0

-0.5

44.4

0.1

44.0

39.0

–

39.0

23.0

34.7

1.0

58.6

51.2

–

51.2

2014

57.1

31.1

19.8

108.0

47.8

–

47.8

Margins
Operating margin 
Operating result as a percentage of yearly 
turnover. 

Net margin 
Net result as a percentage of yearly turnover.

EBITDA-margin
EBITDA as a percentage of yearly turnover.

Capital structure
Equity ratio 
Shareholders’  equity  as  a  percentage  of 
total assets. 

Leverage ratio
Net interest bearing debt as a percentage of 
shareholders’ equity. 

Other
Number of employees 
Average number of employees full-time. 

Net cash/net debt 
Cash and equivalents less interest bearing debt.

Investments 
Total investments during the year. 

Profitability
Return on shareholders’ equity 
Net  result  as  percentage  of  average  share-
holders’ equity. 

Shareholders’ equity per share 
Shareholders’ equity divided by the num-
ber of outstanding shares. 

Weighted numbers of shares 
Weighted number of shares during the year.

Earnings per share 
Net result divided by the number of out-
standing shares. 

Return on capital employed 
Net  result  plus  financial  costs  as  a  per-
centage of average capital employed (total 
assets less non interests-bearing liabilities). 

n.a.  

Not applicable.

n.m. 

Not meaningful.

Definitions and abbreviations

SEK

TSEK

MSEK

USD 

TUSD

Swedish krona 

Thousands of Swedish kronor

Millions of Swedish kronor 

US dollar 

Thousands of US dollars 

MUSD

Million US dollars 

bbl

bopd

mbo

Oil production is often given in numbers of barrels 
per day. One barrel of oil = 159 litres, Barrel Volume 
measurement. 

Barrels of Oil per Day

Thousand Barrels

mmbo

Million Barrels

34

Definitions and abbreviations

 
 
Administration report

(This is an English translation of the Swedish original)

Tethys Oil AB (publ)

Tethys Oil Block 3 & 4 Ltd.

Tethys Oil Montasar Ltd.

Tethys Oil Exploration AB

Tethys Oil France AB

Tethys Oil Oman Ltd.

Jyllands Olie ApS

Odin Energy A/S

40%

50%

Blocks 3&4, Oman

Block 49, Oman

Attila, France

UAB TAN Oil

Raseiniai, Lithuania

UAB LL Investicijos

Rietavas, Lithuania

UAB Minijos Nafta

Gargzdai, Lithuania

75%

50%

Ownership in subsidiary companies is 100% unless otherwise stated.

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Tethys  Oil  Group 
(hereafter  referred  to  as  “Tethys  Oil”  or  the  “Group”),  where 
Tethys Oil AB (publ) (the “Company”) with organisational num-
ber  556615-8266  is  the  parent  company,  are  hereby  presented 
for the twelve month period ending on 31 December 2018. The 
amounts relating to the comparative period (equivalent period of 
last year) are shown in parenthesis after the amount for the current 
period. Segments of the Group are geographical markets.

OPERATIONS

Tethys  Oil  is  a  mid-sized  Swedish  oil  company  with  focus  on 
onshore  areas  with  known  oil  discoveries. Tethys  Oil’s  core  area 
is  Oman,  where  the  Group  holds  interests  in  Blocks 3&4  and 
Block 49. The reserve and resource base on Blocks 3&4 amounts 
to 25.4 mmbo of 2P reserves and the 12.5 mmbo of 2C contin-
gent  resources.  The  average  oil  production  from  Blocks 3&4  in 
2018 amounted to 11,767 barrels per day. With a cash flow driven 
development  approach,  Tethys  Oil’s  main  operational  target  is 
incremental increases of production and reserves from the Omani 
blocks. Tethys Oil also has onshore exploration licences in Lithu-
ania and France and some production in Lithuania. 

Production 
Tethys Oil’s core area is onshore Oman, where Tethys Oil holds a 
30  percent  non-operated  interest  in  exploration  and  production 
licence Blocks 3&4 and a 100 percent operated interest in explora-
tion licence Block 49. Tethys Oil also has non-operated interests in 
three licenses onshore Lithuania via associated companies and in 

one license onshore France. The primary production comes from 
Blocks 3&4. The production on Blocks 3&4 in 2018 was in line 
with the production in 2017 and amounted to 4.3 million barrels 
(4.4 million barrels). The existing production areas Farha South, 
Shahd and Saiwan East are either at peak production or in decline. 
New  production  from  the  discoveries  made  in  2017,  the  Erfan, 
Ulfa  and  Samha  areas,  is  expected  to  contribute  an  increasing 
share of overall production. Tethys Oil has additional production 
in Lithuania.

The terms of the Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement 
(“EPSA”) on Blocks 3&4 allows the joint operations partners to 
recover their costs from up to 40 percent of the value of total oil 
production,  this  is  referred  to  as  ‘cost  oil’.  After  deducting  any 
allowance  for  cost  oil,  the  remaining  production  is  split  80/20 
between the government and the joint operations partners. If there 
are no costs to be recovered the joint operations partners receive 
after government take 20 percent of the oil produced. The terms 
of the EPSA thus result in the joint operations partners’ share of 
production  after  government  take  in  the  range  20–52  percent, 
depending on available recoverable cost. To date on Blocks 3&4, 
the  joint  operations  partners’  share  of  production  after  govern-
ment take has been in the high end of the range, 52 percent, as the 
joint  venture  partners  have  continued  to  invest  on  Blocks 3&4. 
The estimated recoverable costs as at 31 December 2018, net to 
Tethys Oil, amounts to MUSD 14.7 (MUSD 44.2). Based on the 
expected investment in 2019 and under market conditions as at 11 
February 2019, Tethys Oil expects no change to its entitlement of 
oil production during 2019.

Tethys Oil’s share of volumes, before government take

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Tethys Oil’s share of annual production, bbl

Oman, Blocks 3&4

Production

4,294,852

4,439,118

4,436,438

3,539,631

2,765,654

Average daily production, bopd

11,767

12,162

12,121

9,698

7,577

35

Average daily production net to Tethys Oil, yearly

bopd

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Reserves and contingent resources
Oman, Blocks 3&4 
Tethys Oil’s net working interest Reserves in Blocks 3&4 Oman 
as at 31 December 2018 amount to 25,357 thousand barrels of 
oil (“mbo”) of proven and probable Reserves (2P). The 2P reserve 
replacement  ratio  amounts  to  177  percent.  In  addition,  Tethys 
Oil’s net working interest resources oil base in Oman amounts to 
12,533 mbo of 2C contingent resources. The Company’s 2018 and 
2017  year-end  Reserves  reports  were  audited  by  ERC  Equipoise 
Limited (“ERCE”) as independent qualified Reserves evaluator.

Contingent resources Blocks 3&4 (audited)

mbo

1C

2C

3C

Total 31 December 2018

5,472

12,533

24,767

The audit of the Reserves in Oman have been conducted using 2018 
Petroleum  Resources  Management  System  (PRMS2018),  sponsored 
by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Coun-
cil  (WPC),  American  Association  of  Petroleum  Geologists  (AAPG) 
and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE).

Revenue and other income

Development of reserves, Blocks 3&4 (audited)

mbo

1P

2P

3P

Revenue and 
other income

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Total 31 December 2017

15,559

22,044

32,414

Oil sold, bbl

2,163,148 2,316,404 2,357,701 1,805,056 1,464,228

Production 2018

Additions and revisions

-4,295

5,471

-4,295

7,608

-4,295

7,765

Total 31 December 2018

16,735

25,357

35,884

Reserve replacement ratio, %

127

177

181

Underlift (overlift) 
movement, bbl

Net barrels 
produced, after 
government 
take, bbl

70,174

-8,062

-50,754

35,552

-26,088

2,233,323 2,308,342 2,306,947 1,840,608 1,438,140

Additions and revisions include maturation of over 4 mmbo of con-
tingent resources to Reserves from the ongoing appraisal program 
of the 2017 discoveries as well as upside revisions of the Reserves 
on the Farha South, Shahd and Erfan fields and a small amount of 
Reserves attributable to the Tibyan discovery, the exploration well 
drilled in 2018.

Based  on  ERCE’s  model,  Tethys  Oil’s  net  entitlement  Reserves 
(Reserves  after  government  take)  amount  to  7,781  mbo  of  1P, 
10,477 mbo of 2P and 13,824 mbo of 3P.

In  addition  to  Reserves,  Tethys  Oil  also  announces  contingent 
resources.  The  estimated  contingent  resources  are  contained  in 
the  discoveries  made  in  2017.  Development  of  the  contingent 
resources  is  contingent  on  the  results  of  the  on-going  appraisal 
programme and also a work programme and budget to access these 
resources.

Oil price, USD/bbl

70.5

51.8

40.5

58.1

103.9

Revenue, MUSD

152.6

119.9

95.4

104.9

152.1

Underlift (overlift) 
adjustments, 
MUSD

Overlift adjustment 
reporting error, 
MUSD

Revenue and 
other income, 
MUSD

4.7

(0.6)

(2.4)

2.2

(2.8)

 –

–

(5.9)

–

–

157.3

119.3

87.1

107.0

149.3

Revenue and other income for 2018 is up 32 percent compared 
to 2017 and the main reason is the increase in the oil price which 
is up 36 percent between the years. There has been a change from 
overlift to underlift position from 2017 to 2018. 

36

 
 
During  2018,  Tethys  Oil  sold  2,163,148  barrels  of  oil  from 
Blocks 3&4, representing a seven percent decrease in comparison 
with 2017 when 2,316,404 barrels of oil were sold. This resulted in 
revenue during 2018 of MUSD 152.6 compared to MUSD 119.9 
during  2017.  In  addition  to  revenue,  there  has  been  an  adjust-
ment for underlift amounting to MUSD 4.7 which together with 
revenue  adds  up  to  revenue  and  other  income  of  MUSD  157.3 
in 2018. 

The average selling price amounted to USD 70.5 per barrel during 
2018, 36 percent higher compared to 2017.

Sale quantities for oil sales are nominated two months in advance 
and  are  not  based  upon  the  actual  production  in  a  month;  as  a 
result, sales quantities can be above or below production quanti-
ties. Where the sales quantity exceeds the quantity of barrels pro-
duced an overlift position occurs and where it is less, an underlift 
position occurs. There was a movement from overlift to underlift 
between year-end 2018 and 2017. The total underlift position as 
per 31 December 2018 is 34,083 barrels. The valuation of both 
over and underlift is based on market price.

Tethys Oil sells all of its oil through Mitsui Energy Trading Singa-
pore, which is part of Mitsui & Co Ltd. All oil sales originate from 
Blocks 3&4 and are made on a monthly basis. The selling price is 
based on the monthly average price of the two-month future con-
tract of Oman blend as traded on the Dubai Mercantile Exchange, 
including trading and quality adjustments.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses, 
Blocks 3&4

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Production costs, MUSD

42.6

32.6

33.5

38.4

32.7

Well workovers, MUSD

3.4

2.3

3.1

4.5

4.4

Total operating 
expenses, MUSD

Operating expenses per 
barrel, USD

45.9

34.9

36.5

42.9

37.2

10.7

7.9

8.2

12.1

13.4

Production  costs  relate  to  oil  production  on  Blocks 3&4,  and 
comprise expenses for throughput fees, energy, consumables, field 
staff,  maintenance,  as  well  as  administration,  including  operator 
overhead.  Well  workovers  and  interventions  relate  to  downhole 
work and replacing of electric submersible pumps enabling shut-
in wells to restart production. The work programme for well work-
overs for the year was increased.

Production costs and well workover together make up operating 
expenses, amounting to MUSD 45.9 in 2018, which were higher 
than MUSD 34.9 during 2017. The majority of production comes 
from mature fields where many wells have higher production costs, 
compared to new production wells, due to increased maintenance, 
water handling and energy requirements to maintain production.
The cost for rented equipment also increased in 2018.

Depletion, depreciation and amortisation

DD&A, Blocks 3&4

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

DD&A, MUSD

45.9

39.5

44.4

34.6

31.0

DD&A per barrel, USD

10.7

8.9

10.0

9.8

11.2

Depletion,  depreciation  and  amortisation  (“DD&A”)  for  2018 
amounted to MUSD 45.9, which is higher than 2017 and attrib-
utable to an increased DD&A rate per barrel. The DD&A charge 
relates to Blocks 3&4.

Netback

Netback, Blocks 3&4, 
USD/bbl

Oil price achieved (sales 
barrels)

Revenue (after 
government take)

Operating expenses

Netback

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

70.5

51.8

40.5

58.1

103.9

 36.7

27.0

21.0

30.2

54.0

10.7

26.0

7.9

8.2

12.1

13.4

19.1

12.8

18.1

40.6

The increase in netback per barrel during 2018 has mainly been 
driven by the oil price development. 

Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses amounted to MUSD 5.7 for 2018 com-
pared  to  MUSD  5.9  during  2017.  Administrative  expenses  are 
mainly  salaries,  rents,  listing  costs  and  external  services.  Admin-
istrative expenses have been stable between years 2018 and 2017.

Net financial result
The  net  financial  result  for  2018  of  MUSD  1.5  (MUSD  -5.3)
has been impacted by gains and losses due to changes in foreign 
exchange rates due to the USD strengthening against the SEK, net 
MUSD 1.6, as well as interest income of MUSD 0.3 and other 
financial expenses of MUSD -0.4. Currency translation differences 
recorded on loans between the parent company and subsidiaries 
are non-cash related items. Interest and fees related to the credit 
facility, which expired during the first quarter 2018, amounted to 
MUSD 0.0.

Tax
Tethys Oil’s oil and gas operations in Oman are governed by an 
Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement for each licence 
(“EPSA”) whereby Tethys Oil receives its share of oil after govern-
ment take. Under the terms of each EPSA, Tethys Oil is subject 
to Omani income taxes and royalties, which are paid in full, on 
behalf of Tethys Oil, from the government share of oil. The effect 
of these taxes is netted against revenue and other income in the 
income statement.

Result
Tethys Oil reports a net result after tax for 2018 of MUSD 62.2, 
representing earnings per share of USD 1.82. The result for 2018 
is up compared to 2017. Net result is mainly up due to the higher 
oil prices. 

37

 
 
 
Investments and work programme 
Summary of oil and gas interests (MUSD):

Country/Asset

Book value 
31 Dec  
2018

Investments  
Jan–Dec  
2018

Book value 
31 Dec  
2017

Investments  
Jan–Dec  
2017

Oman Blocks 3&4

194.0

Oman Block 49

Lithuania

France

New ventures

Total

5.7

–

–

0.3

200.0

50.4

5.3

–

–

0.1

55.8

189.1

0.4

–

–

0.2

189.7

39.9

0.4

–

–

0.1

40.4

During  2018,  total  investments  amounted  to  MUSD  55.8,  of 
which  50.4  relate  to  Blocks 3&4.  Investments  during  the  year 
have been higher than investments in 2017 primarily due to more 
activity within geology and geophysics on Blocks 3&4 as well as 
the seismic acquisition on Block 49.

Blocks 3&4

Investments Blocks 
3&4, MUSD

Drilling

G&G

Facilities

Total investments 
Blocks 3&4

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

25.5

11.2

13.7

26.6

30.3

20.5

19.8

4.2

9.1

4.5

8.9

6.6

13.4

11.3

11.9

50.4

39.9

48.2

40.7

38.3

Three rigs and one workover unit have been operating and a total 
of 44 wells were completed on Blocks 3&4 during 2018.

Wells completed 
2018 (primary 
purpose)

Discoveries 
made in 
2017

Farha 
South 
Field

Shahd and 
Saiwan East 
Fields

Near and 
far field 
exploration

Total

Appraisal/
Production

Water injection

Water source

Exploration

Total 

7

–

–

–

7

17

15

–

–

32

1

1

1

–

3

–

–

–

2

2

25

16

1

2

44

fai layer. Ulfa-4 and Ulfa-5 were successfully drilled in the fourth 
quarter 2018 and encountered oil as expected. Ulfa-4 was drilled 
to  appraise  and  produce  the  eastern  part  of  Ulfa  discovery  and 
Ulfa-5 was drilled south of the discovery well in the central part 
in order to produce from the Buah formation. One well was com-
pleted as producer in the Khufai and one in the Buah reservoirs. 
The drilling of appraisal well Ulfa-6 also commenced in the fourth 
quarter 2018.

Two  new  appraisal  wells  were  drilled  on  Samha  in  2018.  The 
Samha-2  well  was  successfully  drilled  in  the  third  quarter  2018 
and encountered oil as expected. The well was drilled to appraise 
the southeastern part of Samha discovery. The Samha-3 well was 
successfully drilled in the fourth quarter 2018 and encountered oil 
as expected. The Samha-3 well was drilled south of the Samha-2 
well and was completed as producers in the Khufai reservoir.

The construction of the Ulfa EPF was finalized in the fourth quar-
ter and the facility was in full production towards the very end of 
the  year.  The  EPF  includes  separators,  heater  treaters  and  pipe-
lines.  A  new  pipeline  has  been  constructed  to  connect  the  Ulfa 
EPF with the Saiwan East production facility. Following the com-
missioning of the EPF, wells on Ulfa and Samha were connected 
to Ulfa EPF and put into production. Some of the new wells at 
Ulfa and Samha had previously been temporary connected to the 
Farha  South  production  facility. The  commissioning  of  the  EPF 
has released capacity at the Farha South production facility.

The  majority  of  the  information  gathered  in  2018  from  the 
appraisal wells on Ulfa and Samha were as, or slightly better than, 
expected. However, the revised time plan for the Ulfa EPF resulted 
in a delay of the part of the appraisal programme that relates to 
pressure data and production levels. This affected the proportion 
of  the  contingent  resources  converted  into  reserves  by  year-end. 
More comprehensive data is being gathered as the Ulfa EPF has 
come on stream, which is important to continue the maturation 
process. 

The Erfan discovery was appraised by two wells in addition to the 
discovery well already in 2017. A further appraisal well, Erfan-4, 
was drilled during the  second quarter  2018.  Erfan-4  was drilled 
centrally on the structure in order to drain and evaluate an area 
between Erfan-2 and Erfan-3. The well encountered oil and was 
connected to the Saiwan East production facilities.

Discoveries made in 2017
The appraisal programme of the Ulfa and Samha discoveries has 
been  one  of  the  central  components  of  the  investments  during 
2018.  It  was  initiated  in  the  first  quarter  2018  with  the  objec-
tive to mature contingent resources into reserves and to optimise 
plans for future production by gathering data on volumes, reser-
voir quality and continuity, fluid levels and productivity. Both the 
Buah and the Khufai reservoir sections are being appraised. Cores 
are taken for analysis and advanced logging is being conducted. 

Block 3: Farha South Field
Nine  appraisal/production  wells  were  drilled  in  previously 
undrilled fault blocks on the Farha South oil field. All wells were 
drilled vertically down to the targeted Barik sandstone. Four wells 
encountered oil and were connected to the Farha South produc-
tion facility. Eight production wells were also drilled on producing 
fault blocks on Farha South. The wells have been connected to the 
Farha  South  production  facility.  In  addition,  15  water  injection 
wells were drilled on the field. 

In 2018, four appraisal wells were drilled on the Ulfa field. Ulfa-2 
and  Ulfa-3  were  completed  in  the  second  quarter  2018.  Ulfa-2 
was drilled in the western part of Ulfa discovery and Ulfa-3 was 
drilled even farther west to appraise the western flank in order to 
define the reservoir’s extent/boundary and oil/water contact. Both 
Ulfa-2  and  Ulfa-3  were  completed  as  producers  from  the  Khu-

Block 4: Shahd and Saiwan East oil fields 
One production well was drilled on the Shahd oil field in 2018. 
The  well  encountered  oil  and  was  connected  to  the  production 
system. One side track was also drilled in an old well on the Shahd 
field. In addition, one water injection well and one water source 
well was drilled.

38

Exploration on Blocks 3&4
The testing of the exploration well Luja-1, that was drilled in the 
southern part of Block 4 in the first quarter 2018, has been final-
ised.  Luja-1  was  drilled  about  110  km  southwest  of  the  Shahd 
field.  The  well  reached  a  total  depth  (TVD)  of  3,609  m.  Since 
the well is located far from the infrastructure facilities on the pro-
ducing  fields,  a  supporting  field  camp  was  required  in  order  to 
enable comprehensive testing operations. Oil was encountered and 
oil samples were taken from both the AbuMahara group and the 
Khufai formation. However, the well did not flow oil to surface 
during testing. The well has been plugged. The results are positive 
and confirm a live petroleum system in the area. A comprehensive 
post drilling analysis will be conducted in order to assess the other 
leads identified in the Southern part of Block 4. 

The exploration well Tibyan-1 was spudded and completed in the 
first quarter. Tibyan-1 is located about nine km southwest of the 
Erfan-1 discovery. The target of the well was the Khufai formation 
which resulted in a new smaller oil discovery. The well was con-
nected to the production system during the second quarter 2018.

The  drilling  of  two  exploration  wells  commenced  in  the  fourth 
quarter 2018. One well is located about 11 km east of the Farha 
South  infrastructure  to  explore  deeper  sections  of  Block  3.  The 
second well, a near field Ulfa/Samha analogy well, is located about 
10 km northeast of the Ulfa discovery. 

Seismic acquisition
A seismic acquisition programme on Blocks 3&4 was launched in 
the fourth quarter 2017. The programme covered three areas on 
Blocks 3&4. On the first two areas, 1,200 km2 area east of the Ulfa 
discovery and 800 km2 area north-west of the Farha South field, 
seismic acquisition and processing were completed in the first half 
of 2018. Interpretation and mapping of the processed data con-
tinues.  The  exploration  well  that  was  spudded  in  late  2018  east 
of Farha South infrastructure is within this 3D seismic area and 
the  location  is  a  result  of  the  interpretation  of  the  new  seismic. 
The seismic acquisition on the third area, 750 km2 south of the 
Shahd  field,  was  completed  in  September  2018  and  the  data  is 
being processed.

Block 49
Investments on Block 49 during 2018 amounted to MUSD 5.3, 
compared to MUSD 0.4 during 2017. The investments primarily 
relate to the seismic campaign that was launched and completed 
during the fourth quarter 2018.

Tethys  Oil  was  awarded  the  exploration  license  for  Block  49  in 
the fourth quarter 2017. Block 49 covers an area of 15,439 km2 
in the south-west of Oman. More than 11,000 km of 2D seismic 
acquired by previous operators has been made available to Tethys 
Oil. Nine wells have been drilled within the block boundaries, sev-
eral of which are reported to have encountered oil shows.

In the fourth quarter 2018, Tethys Oil launched a seismic cam-
paign on Block 49, whereby 253 km2 of 3D and 299 km of 2D 
seismic data were acquired in the north-eastern part of the license 
area.  The  purpose  of  the  seismic  campaign  is  to  further  define 

possible oil traps and to enhance the understanding of the deeper 
parts of the block in general. The data is being processed and will, 
when interpreted, guide the continued work on Block 49.

Through the reprocessing of some 1,464 km of older 2D seismic 
data, acquired by previous operators, a number of seismic anoma-
lies  have  been  identified,  which  could  be  possible  –  primarily 
stratigraphic – oil traps. The anomalies have been identified within 
the deeper formations in the block at depths of 2,500 metres or 
below. After integration of all available data in Tethys Oil’s geologi-
cal model, the presence of source rock as well as potential reservoir 
rocks have also been confirmed.

New ventures
In December 2018, Tethys Oil announced that it had entered into 
an  agreement  to  acquire  a  two  percent  participating  interest  in 
Block 53 onshore Oman from Total E&P Oman, a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Total S.A. Block 53 holds the Mukhaizna oil field, the 
single largest producing oil field in Oman. The Mukhaizna field is 
a giant heavy-oil development operated by Occidental Petroleum, 
with an average gross daily production in excess of 100,000 bopd. 
The closing of the acquisition was subject to government approval 
and the waiver of partner pre-emption rights. Tethys Oil was in the 
first quarter 2019 informed by the seller that partner pre-emption 
rights have been exercised, and as a result Tethys Oil will not be 
able to complete the transaction. 

A number of new venture projects have been reviewed in 2018 and 
several continue to be evaluated.

Associated companies
Lithuania
The  interest  in  the  three  Lithuanian  licences  is  held  indirectly 
through a shareholding in two Danish private companies, which 
in  turn  hold  shares  in  Lithuanian  companies  holding  100  per-
cent of the licences. The two companies are consolidated through 
a one-line consolidation in Tethys Oil’s financial statements and 
are presented in the balance sheet under “Investments in associ-
ates” and in the income statement as “Share of net profit/loss from 
associates”. 

As at 31 December 2018, the value of the shareholding in the two 
associated Danish companies holding the interests in Lithuanian 
licenses, amounted to MUSD 0.0 compared to MUSD 0.0 at the 
end of 2017. Share of net profit/loss from associated companies 
amounted  to  MUSD  0.9  following  receipt  of  dividends  during 
2018 (-0.3). The book value related to Minijos Nafta (Gargzdai) 
is zero and as there are no formal or informal obligations related 
to Minijos Nafta, Tethys Oil does not recognize any negative net 
result from Minijos Nafta. 

Production on the Gargzdai licence has decreased following natu-
ral decline of the wells. During 2018, an average of 15 wells were 
in production on the license. A 100 km 2D seismic acquisition was 
conducted  during  2018  on  Gargzdai  licence  in  order  to  further 
delineate the Kintai structure. The seismic data has been processed 
and is being interpreted.

39

Tethys Oil’s share of volumes, before government take

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Tethys Oil’s share of annual production, bbl

Lithuania, Gargzdai

Production

Average daily production

31,149

36,196

41,684

38,857

42,000

85

99

114

106

115

Liquidity and financing
Cash and bank and Net cash as per 31 December 2018 amounted 
to  MUSD  73.1  compared  to  MUSD  42.0  as  per  31  December 
2017. 

In  May  and  November  2018  a  dividend  of  SEK  1.00  per  share 
was paid to shareholders, which in total amounted to MUSD 7.5. 
Furthermore,  MUSD  15.1  was  distributed  to  shareholders  in  a 
share redemption programme.

During  the  twelve  months  ending  31  December  2018,  the  cash 
flow  from  operations  amounted  to  MUSD  105.4  and  cash  flow 
used in investments in oil and gas amounted to MUSD 55.8. For 
the  twelve  months  of  2018  the  cash  flow  from  operations  after 
investments in oil and gas amounted to MUSD 49.6.

Tethys  Oil’s  operations  on  Blocks 3&4  and  Block  49,  including 
investment programme, are expected to be funded from cash flow 
from operations and from available funds.

Tethys  Oil’s  operations  in  Lithuania  are  expected  to  be  funded 
from cash flow from operations and available cash in the associ-
ated Lithuanian companies.

Parent company
The  parent  company  reports  a  net  result  after  tax  for  2018 
amounting to MSEK 244.4 compared to MSEK 85.0 for 2017. 
Administrative expenses amounted to MSEK 32.8 for 2018 com-
pared to MSEK 31.2 for 2017. Net financial result amounted to 
MSEK 259.5 during 2018 compared to MSEK 108.1 for 2017. 
Dividends from subsidiaries amounting to MSEK 230.1 and cur-
rency exchange gains related to intercompany loans were the main 
reason for the net financial result.

Significant agreements and commitments
In Tethys Oil’s oil and natural gas operations, there are two main 
categories of agreements: one that governs the relationship with the 
host country, and one that governs the relationship with partners.

The agreements that govern the relationship with host countries 
are referred to as licences or Exploration and Production Sharing 
Agreements (EPSA or PSA). Tethys Oil holds its interests directly 
through  aforementioned  agreements  in  Oman  and  France.  The 
agreements with host countries have a time limit and are normally 
divided into periods. Financial commitments and/or work com-
mitments normally relate to the different periods. Tethys Oil has 
fulfilled its commitments on Blocks 3&4. On Block 49, the initial 
work commitments during the first period include geological stud-
ies, seismic acquisition and processing and exploratory drilling. In 
the other areas of operations the commitments are either fulfilled 
or  there  are  no  commitments  for  which Tethys  Oil  can  be  held 
liable. In some of Tethys Oil’s areas of interest there are require-

ments of work to be done or minimum expenditures in order to 
retain the licences, but no commitments for which Tethys Oil can 
be held liable.

The  agreements  that  govern  the  relationship  with  partners  are 
referred to as Joint Operating Agreements (JOA). In all areas of 
operation where Tethys Oil has partners, JOAs are in effect.

Other  than  the  aforementioned  agreements,  there  are  no  indi-
vidual  agreements  or  similar  circumstances  relating  to  the  busi-
ness which are of crucial significance for the group’s operations or 
profitability. 

Board of Directors  
At  the  AGM  of  shareholders  on  9  May  2018  Robert  Anderson, 
Alexandra Herger, Magnus Nordin, Per Seime and Geoffrey Tur-
bott  were  re-elected  members  of  the  Board.  No  deputy  direc-
tors were appointed. At the same meeting, Geoffrey Turbott was 
appointed chairman of the Board. The work of the board is subject 
to an established work procedure that defines the distribution of 
work between the board and the managing director. The work pro-
cedure is evaluated each year and revised if deemed appropriate. 
The  board  had  15  meetings  during  2018.  The  five  members  of 
the board have consisted of four non-executive directors and the 
managing director. The board has three committees – Audit Com-
mittee,  Remuneration  Committee  and  Technical  Committee. 
Geoffrey Turbott is chairman of the audit committee, Per Seime 
is chairman of the remuneration committee and Rob Anderson is 
chairman of the technical committee. 

Organisation
At  the  end  of  the  year,  Tethys  Oil  had  an  average  number  of 
full time employees of 20 (19). Of these, 7 (7) were women. In 
addition, contractors and consultants are engaged in Tethys Oil’s 
operations. 

The environment
All  oil  and  gas  related  operations  impact  the  environment  and 
therefore  entail  risk.  Directly  or  indirectly  through  joint  opera-
tions, the Group complies with the environmental legislation and 
regulations applicable in each country. Areas which are normally 
regulated include air pollution, discharges to watercourses, water 
use, handling of hazardous substances and waste, land and ground-
water contamination, and restoration of the environment around 
the facilities after operations have ceased. Directly and indirectly 
through partnerships, Tethys Oil strives to minimise the environ-
mental impact and avoid the occurrence of accidents. 

Sustainability report
In accordance with the Swedish Annual Accounts Act (ÅRL chap-
ter 6 11§) Tethys Oil has opted to issue the sustainability report as 
a document separate from the Annual Report. 

40

Group structure 
Tethys Oil AB (publ), with organizational number 556615-8266, 
is the parent company in the Tethys Oil Group. Material subsidiar-
ies include Tethys Oil Block 3&4 Limited and Tethys Oil Mon-
tasar Limited. The Tethys Oil Group was established on 1 October 
2003. The Group has branch offices in Muscat, Oman and Dubai, 
the United Arab Emirates.

Share data 
As  at  31  December  2018,  the  number  of  outstanding  shares  in 
Tethys Oil amount to 35,896,310, with a quota value of SEK 0.17. 
All  shares  represent  one  vote  each.  The  number  of  shares  has 
increased by 352,560 during 2018. Tethys Oil has a warrant based 
incentive programme for employees which may increase the num-
ber of share depending on the share price during the exercise peri-
ods, for further information please see note 20. 

As at 31 December 2018, Tethys Oil held 1,644,163 of its own 
shares  which  have  been  purchased  since  commencement  of  the 
programme during the fourth quarter 2014. The purpose of the 
repurchasing program is to optimise the capital structure and to 
enable any repurchased shares to be used as payment in connection 
with, or financing of, acquisitions of companies or businesses. No 
shares  were  purchased  during  2018.  The  repurchased  shares  are 
still included in the total number of shares, but are not included 
in the average number of shares in circulation. The weighted aver-
age number of shares in circulation during 2018 before dilution 
is 34,010,616 and after dilution 34,140,318. After 31 December 
2018 and up to the date of publication for this report, Tethys Oil 
has not acquired any further shares.

Seasonal effects
Tethys Oil has no significant seasonal variations.

Transactions with related parties
See note 23.

Risk and uncertainties 
A statement of risks and uncertainties are presented in note 1. 

Appropriation of profit
The Board of Directors proposes a dividend of SEK 2.00 per share 
(AGM 2018: SEK 2.00) equal to MSEK 68.5 (MSEK 67.8). The 
Board of Directors proposes that the dividend is to be paid in two 
equal instalments of SEK 1.00 per share each, payable in May and 
November  2019.  Proposed  record  dates  are  17  May  2019  and 
18 November 2019. The Board of Directors proposes an extraor-
dinary distribution of SEK 6.00 per share (AGM 2018: SEK 4.00) 
by  way  of  a  mandatory  share  redemption  programme  following 
the AGM 2019 equal to MSEK 205.5 (135.6). It is also proposed 
that the balance of retained earnings after the dividend be retained 
in the business as described below.

MSEK

Retained earnings

Profit for the year

2018

128.9

244.4

373.3

2017

218.1

85.0

303.1

The Board of Directors proposes that these earnings be appropriated as follows:

To the shareholders, a distribution of SEK 2.00 
per share (AGM 2018: SEK 2.00)

68.5

67.8

To the shareholders, an extraordinary distribution 
of SEK 6.00 per share (AGM 2018: SEK 4.00)

To be retained in the business

205.5

135.6

99.3

99.7

373.3

303.1

Cash dividend
The  Board  of  Directors’  proposal  consists  of  a  cash  dividend  of 
SEK 2.00 per share amounting to SEK 68,504,294 at the current 
number of shares and an extraordinary distribution of SEK 6.00 per 
share amounting to SEK 205,512,882. The dividend and extraor-
dinary  distribution  are  subject  to  approval  at  the  AGM 2019. 
The preliminary record day for the dividend is May 17, 2019 and 
November 18, 2019. As per 31 December 2018, the Group’s and 
the parent company’s equity ratio amounted to 91.8 percent and 
96.5 percent, respectively. After the distribution, the Group’s and 
the  parent  company’s  equity  ratio  will  amount  to  90.9  percent 
and  91.6  percent,  respectively. Tethys  Oil  has  generated  signifi-
cant cash flows in recent years and the Group’s financial position 
is strong. The board has considered the parent company and the 
Group’s  consolidation  needs  through  a  comprehensive  valuation 
of the parent company and the Group’s financial position and the 
parent company and the Group’s possibilities to fulfil their com-
mitments in the long term. The parent company and the Group’s 
financial position does not give rise to any other conclusion than 
that the parent company and the Group can continue its opera-
tions and meet its obligations in the short and long term and make 
the necessary investments. The board believes that the size of the 
equity, even after the proposed dividend, is in reasonable propor-
tion to the scale of the parent company and the Group’s business 
as well as the risks associated with conducting the business. With 
reference  to  the  above  and  what  has  come  to  the  board’s  atten-
tion,  it  is  the  board’s  assessment  that  the  parent  company’s  and 
the Group’s financial position implies that the proposed dividend 
is justifiable pursuant to Chapter 17, Section 3 second and third 
paragraph of the Swedish Companies Act, i.e. with reference to the 
requirements that the nature, scope and risks of business put on 
the size of the parent company’s and the Group’s equity as well as 
the parent company’s and the Group’s need to strengthen its bal-
ance sheet, liquidity and financial position.

Financial statements
The result of the Group’s and parent company’s operations and the 
financial position at the end of the financial year is shown in the 
following income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, 
statements of changes in equity and related notes. Balance sheets 
and income statements will be resolved at the AGM, 15 May 2019.

41

Financial statements for the group

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

1 January – 31 December, MUSD

Revenue 

Underlift/overlift adjustments

Revenue and other income

Operating expenses

Gross profit

Depletion, depreciation and amortisation

Exploration costs

Share of net profit/loss from associates

Administrative expenses 

Operating result

Financial income and similar items

Financial expenses and similar items

Net financial result

Result before tax

Income tax

Result for the period

Other comprehensive result

Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:

Exchange differences

Other comprehensive result for the period

Total comprehensive result for the period

Attributable to:

Shareholders in the parent company

Non controlling interest

Number of shares outstanding

Number of shares outstanding (after dilution)

Weighted average number of shares (before dilution)

Weighted average number of shares (after dilution)

Earnings per share (before dilution), USD

Earnings per share (after dilution), USD

2018

152.6

4.7

157.3

-45.9

111.4

-45.9

–

0.9

-5.7

60.7

4.5

-3.0

1.5

62.2

–

62.2

-3.7

-3.7

58.4

58.4

2017

119.9

-0.6

119.3

-34.9

84.4

-39.5

-0.3

-0.3

-5.9

38.4

3.0

-8.3

-5.3

33.1

–

33.1

4.5

4.5

37.6

37.6

–

35,896,310

35,543,750

35,912,250

35,895,500

34,010,616

34,170,474

34,140,318

34,385,463

1.83

1.82

0.97

0.96

Note

3, 4

9

3, 8

8

6

10–12, 20

13

14

15

17

17

17

17

17

17

42

Consolidated balance sheet

As at 31 December, MUSD

Note

2018

2017

ASSETS

Non current assets

Oil and gas properties

Office equipment

Investment in associates

Current assets

Other receivables

Prepaid expenses

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Shareholders' equity

Share capital

Additional paid in capital

Reserves

Retained earnings

Total shareholders' equity

Non current liabilities

Non current provisions

Current liabilities

Current provisions

Accounts payable and other current liabilities

Loan facility

Total liabilities

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

200.0

0.1

–

200.1

17.9

0.3

73.1

91.3

189.7

0.0

0.0

189.7

12.7

0.3

42.0

55.0

291.4

244.7

0.8

74.0

-0.3

193.1

267.6

8.9

8.9

1.0

13.9

–

14.9

23.8

291.4

0.8

71.0

3.4

153.3

228.5

9.1

9.1

1.0

6.1

–

7.1

16.2

244.7

8

6

16

1

17

7

7

18

43

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

MUSD

Share capital

Paid in capital

Other reserves

Retained earnings

Total equity

Attributable to shareholders of the parent company

Opening balance 1 January 2017

0.8

71.0

-1.1

126.2

196.9

–

4.5

4.5

–

–

–

–

3.4

3.4

–

-3.7

-3.7

–

–

–

–

0.0

-0.3

33.1

–

33.1

-2.3

-3.9

0.3

-5.9

153.3

153.3

62.2

–

62.2

–

-7.5

-15.1

0.2

-22.4

193.1

33.1

4.5

37.6

-2.3

-3.9

0.3

-5.9

228.5

228.5

62.2

-3.7

58.5

2.9

-7.5

-15.1

0.2

-19.4

267.6

Comprehensive income

Result for the year 2017

Currency exchange differences for the year 
2017

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Purchase of own shares

Dividends paid

Incentive programme

Total transactions with owners

Closing balance 31 December 2017

Opening balance 1 January 2018

Comprehensive income

Result for the year 2018

Currency exchange differences for the year 
2018

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Share issue

Dividends paid

Share redemption

Incentive programme

Total transactions with owners

Closing balance 31 December 2018

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.8

0.8

–

–

0.0

–

–

–

0.0

0.8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

71.0

71.0

–

–

2.9

–

–

–

2.9

74.0

44

Consolidated cash flow statement

1 January – 31 December, MUSD

Note

2018

2017

13

14

8

8

8

17

Cash flow from operations

Operating result

Interest received

Interest paid

Adjustment for exploration costs

Adjustment for depletion, depreciation and other non-cash related items

Total cash flow from operations before change in working capital

Change in receivables

Change in liabilities

Cash flow from operations

Investment activity

Investment in oil and gas properties

Investment in office equipment

Cash from associated companies, net

Cash flow from investment activity

Financing activity

Purchase of own shares

Share redemption

Dividend

Proceeds from share issue

Cash flow from financing activity

Period cash flow

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period

Exchange gains/losses on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period

60.7

0.3

0.0

–

41.7

102.7

-7.2

9.9

105.4

-55.8

-0.1

0.9

-55.0

–

-15.1

-7.5

2.9

-19.7

30.7

42.0

0.5

73.1

38.4

–

-0.2

0.3

38.2

76.7

-5.4

-21.2

50.1

-40.4

–

–

-40.4

-2.3

–

-3.9

–

-6.2

3.5

39.0

-0.5

42.0

45

 
Financial statements for the parent company

Parent company income statement

1 January – 31 December, MSEK

Other income

Share of net profit/loss from associates

Administrative expenses

Operating result

Financial income and similar items

Financial expenses and similar items

Write down of shares in subsidiaries

Net financial result

Result before tax

Income tax

Result for the year1

Note

5

6

10–12, 20

13

14

19

15

2018

9.7

8.0

-32.8

-15.1

282.7

-23.2

-0.0

259.5

244.4

–

244.4

2017 

10.9

-2.8

-31.2

-23.1

164.6

-53.6

-2.9

108.1

85.0

–

85.0

1  As there are no items in the parent company’s other comprehensive income, no separate report on total comprehensive income is presented.

46

Parent company balance sheet

As at 31 December, MSEK

Note

2018

2017

0.0

1.0

222.0

–

223.0

2.3

0.9

240.2

243.4

466.5

5.9

71.1

481.0

-352.1

244.4

450.3

3.9

12.2

16.2

466.5

0.1

0.9

355.6

0.0

356.6

5.5

0.7

58.2

64.4

421.0

5.9

71.1

481.0

-262.9

85.0

380.1

5.7

35.2

40.9

421.0

19

6

16

1

17

ASSETS

Non-current assets

Other fixed assets

Shares in subsidiaries

Long term receivables from subsidiaries

Investment in associates

Current assets

Other receivables

Prepaid expenses

Cash and cash equivalents

TOTAL ASSETS

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Shareholders' equity

Restricted equity:

Share capital

Statutory reserve

Unrestricted equity:

Share premium reserve

Retained earnings

Result for the year

Total shareholders' equity

Current liabilities

Accounts payable and other current liabilities

18

Other current liabilities to subsidiaries

Total liabilities

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

47

Parent company statement of changes in equity

Restricted equity

Unrestricted equity

MSEK

Share
capital

Statutory 
reserve

Share 
premium
reserve

Opening balance 1 January 2017

5.9

71.1

481.0

Transfer of prior year net result

Comprehensive income

Result for the year 2017

Period result

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Purchase of own shares

Dividends paid

Incentive programme

Total transactions with owners

Closing balance 31 December 2017

Opening balance 1 January 2018

Transfer of prior year net result

Comprehensive income

Result for the year 2018

Period result

Total comprehensive income

Transactions with owners

Impacting share issue

Dividends paid

Share redemption

Incentive programme

Total transactions with owners

Merger difference

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5.9

5.9

–

–

–

–

0.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

71.1

71.1

481.0

481.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Retained
earnings

-235.2

23.4

–

–

–

-19.3

-34.2

2.4

-51.1

-262.9

-262.9

85.0

–

–

–

25.9

-68.1

-135.6

2.1

-175.7

1.5

Net
result

23.4

-23.4

85.0

85.0

85.0

–

–

–

–

85.0

85.0

-85.0

244.4

244.4

244.4

–

–

–

–

–

–

Closing balance 31 December 2018

5.9

71.1

481.0

-352.1

245.9

Total equity

346.2

–

85.0

85.0

85.0

-19.3

-34.2

2.4

-51.1

380.1

380.1

–

244.4

244.4

244.4

25.9

-68.1

-135.6

2.1

-175.7

1.5

450.3

48

Parent company cash flow statement

1 January – 31 December, MSEK

Note

2018

2017

Cash flow from operations

Operating result

Interest received

Interest paid

Adjustment for non cash related items

Total cash flow from operations before change in working capital

Change in receivables

Change in liabilities

Cash flow from operations

Investment activity

Dividend from subsidiaries

Investment in long term receivables

Cash flow from investment activity

Financing activity

Purchase of own shares

Issuance of shares

Dividends paid

Share redemption

Cash flow from financing activity

Cash flow for the year

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Exchange gains on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

13

14

17

17

-15.1

0.2

0.0

-3.0

-17.9

3.0

-4.4

-19.3

210.0

164.0

374.0

–

25.9

-68.1

-135.6

-177.8

176.9

58.2

5.1

240.2

-23.1

0.0

0.0

-3.1

-26.2

-2.7

-0.2

-29.1

–

43.4

43.4

-19.3

–

-34.2

–

-53.5

-39.2

104.6

-7.2

58.2

49

 
Notes

General information
Tethys Oil AB (publ) (“the Company”), corporate identity number 556615- 
8266,  and  its  subsidiaries  (together  “the  Group”  or  “Tethys  Oil”)  are 
focused on exploration for and production of oil and natural gas. The Group 
has  interests  in  exploration  licences  in  Oman,  France  and  Lithuania.  The 
Company is a limited liability company incorporated and domiciled in Stock-
holm, Sweden. The Company is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm. 

These consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by 
the Board of Directors on 3 April 2019.

Basis of preparation
The annual report of Tethys Oil AB/the Group have been prepared in accord-
ance with prevailing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and 
IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) interpretations adopted by the EU 
Commission and the Swedish Annual Accounts Act (1995:1554). In addi-
tion, RFR 1 “Supplementary Rules for Groups” has been applied as issued 
by the Swedish Financial Reporting Board. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the 
use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management 
to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting 
policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or 
areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated 
financial statements are disclosed in note 2.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the his-
torical cost basis except as disclosed in the accounting policies below. 

Accounting principles
The accounting principles applied in the preparation of these consolidated 
financial  statements  are  set  out  below.  The  same  accounting  principles 
were used in the 2017 Annual report, save for the implementation of IFRS 9 
and 15 which came into effect on 1 January 2018, and have been consist-
ently  applied  to  all  the  years  presented.  The  Annual  report  of  the  Group 
has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU, the Annual Accounts Act and RFR 
1 “Supplementary rules for groups”. The Annual report for the parent com-
pany has been prepared in accordance with the Annual Accounts Act and 
Swedish  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Council’s  RFR  2  “Accounting  for 
legal entities”. RFR 2 means that the parent company in the annual report 
for the legal entity shall apply IFRS’ rules and statements as adopted by 
the EU, so far this is possible within the framework of the Annual Accounts 
Act and with regard to the connection between accounting and taxation. The 
recommendation states which exceptions and additions that shall be or are 
allowed to be made from IFRS. The accounting principles of the parent com-
pany are the same as for the Group, except in the cases specified below in 
the section entitled “Parent company accounting principles”.

New accounting principles for 2018
IFRS  9  has  come  into  effect  with  effective  date  1  January  2018.  IFRS  9 
Financial instruments, addresses the classification, measurement and rec-
ognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, introduced new rules for 
hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets. IFRS 
9 has not had any material effect on the financial reporting. IFRS 15 has 
come into effect with effective date 1 January 2018. IFRS 15 Revenue from 
contract  with  customers  addresses  revenue  recognition  and  established 
principles for reporting useful information to users of financial statements. 
Based on this standard, certain transactions are no longer reported as rev-
enue but as other income instead. IFRS 15 has not had any material effect 
on the financial reporting apart from changes in presentation.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
IFRS 16 Leases. In January 2016, IASB issued a new lease standard that 
will replace IAS 17 Leases and the related interpretations IFRIC 4, SIC-15 
and  SIC-27.  The  standard  requires  assets  and  liabilities  arising  from  all 
leases, with some exceptions, to be recognised on the balance sheet. This 
model reflects that, at the start of a lease, the lessee obtains the right to 
use an asset for a period of time and has an obligation to pay for that right. 
The accounting for lessors will in all material aspects be unchanged. The 

standard  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  1  January 
2019. 

Tethys  Oil  has  chosen  the  modified  retrospective  method,  applying  the 
short-term lease and the asset of low value exceptions. The standard will 
primarily impact the accounting of the group’s operational leases. The cur-
rent  interpretation  is  that  IFRS  16  does  not  relate  to  leases  within  the 
group’s joint operations and at present the group only has office leases and 
IT-servers/-programs  and  other  leases  concerning  items  of  lesser  value. 
Considering the few leases in the group, the preliminary assessment is that 
the standard will have no material impact on the Group.

Closing balance 

Estimated 

31 Dec 2018 

reclassifications 

Estimated 

Estimated 

before transi-

due to transi-

adjustment due 

adjusted open-

tion to IFRS 16 

tion to IFRS 16 

to transition 

ing balance  

Leases

Leases

IFRS 16 Leases

1 Jan 2019

–

–

–

–

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

MUSD

Right-of-use 

assets

Lease liabilities, 

interest bearing

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective 
that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.

Principles of consolidation
Subsidiaries  are  all  entities  (including  structured  entities)  over  which  the 
Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed 
to, or has rights to variable returns from, its involvement with the entity and 
has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Sub-
sidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred 
to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. 

The Group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for busi-
ness combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a 
subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred 
and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred 
includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent 
consideration  arrangement.  Acquisition-related  costs  are  expensed  as 
incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabili-
ties  assumed  in  a  business  combination  are  measured  initially  at  their 
fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, 
the  Group  recognises  any  non-controlling  interest  in  the  acquiree  either 
at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the 
acquiree’s net assets. 

Inter-company  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transac-
tions  between  subsidiaries  are  eliminated.  Unrealised  losses  are  also 
eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where 
necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. 

Joint arrangements
Under  IFRS  11  Joint  Arrangements,  investments  in  joint  arrangements 
are  classified  as  either  joint  operations  or  joint  ventures.  The  classifica-
tion  depends  on  the  contractual  rights  and  obligations  of  each  investor, 
rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement. Tethys Oil has joint 
operations.

Joint operations
Tethys Oil recognises its direct right to the assets, liabilities, revenues and 
expenses  of  joint  operations  and  its  share  of  any  jointly  held  or  incurred 
assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These have been incorporated 
in the financial statements under the appropriate headings. The Group con-
ducts oil- and gas operations as a joint operation that does not have a sepa-
rate  legal  entity  status  through  licenses  which  are  held  jointly  with  other 
companies. The Groups financial statements reflect the Group’s share of 
production, capital costs, operational costs, current assets and liabilities 
in the joint operations.

50

Associated companies
An investment in an associated company is an investment in an undertak-
ing where the Group exercises significant influence but not control, gener-
ally accompanying a shareholding of at least 20 percent but not more than 
50 percent of the voting rights. Such investments are accounted for in the 
consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  equity  method 
and  are  initially  recognised  at  cost.  The  difference  between  the  acquisi-
tion cost of shares in an associated company and the net fair value of the 
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the associated company rec-
ognised at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill. The goodwill 
is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is assessed 
for impairment as part of the investment. The Group’s share in the post-
acquisition results of the associated company is recognised in the income 
statement and the Group’s share in post-acquisition movements in other 
comprehensive income of the associated company is recognised directly in 
other comprehensive income of the Group. When the Group’s accumulated 
share of losses in an associated company equals or exceeds its interest 
in the associated company, the Group does not recognise further losses, 
unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the asso-
ciate. Dividends from associated companies are presented in the balance 
sheet under ”Investments in associates” and in the income statement as 
“Share of net profit/loss from associates”.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are 
eliminated to the extent of the Group’s percentage in the associates. Unre-
alised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence 
of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associ-
ates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the 
policies adopted by the Group. 

Foreign currencies
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities 
are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in 
which the entity operates (‘functional currency’). The consolidated financial 
statements  are  presented  in  US  dollars  (USD)  which  is  the  currency  the 
Group has elected to use as the presentation currency. 

Transactions and balances
Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are 
translated  at  the  rates  of  exchange  prevailing  at  the  balance  sheet  date 
and  foreign  exchange  currency  differences  are  recognised  in  the  income 
statement.  Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  at  exchange 
rates prevailing at the transaction date. Exchange differences are included 
in financial income/expenses in the income statement. Goodwill and fair 
value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated 
as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity and translated at the balance 
sheet rate of exchange. 

Presentation currency 
The  balance  sheets  and  income  statements  of  foreign  subsidiaries  are 
translated  for  consolidation  purposes  using  the  current  rate  method.  All 
assets  and  liabilities  of  the  subsidiary  companies  are  translated  at  the 
balance  sheet  date  rates  of  exchange,  whereas  the  income  statements 
are translated at average rates of exchange for the year, except for trans-
actions where it is more relevant to use the rate of the day of the trans-
action.  The  translation  differences  that  arise  are  recorded  directly  in  the 
foreign  currency  translation  reserve  within  other  comprehensive  income. 
Upon  disposal  of  a  foreign  operation,  the  translation  differences  relating 
to that operation will be transferred from equity to the income statement 
and included in the result on sale. Translation differences arising from net 
investments  in  subsidiaries,  used  for  financing  exploration  activities,  are 
recorded directly in other comprehensive income.

For the preparation of the financial statements for the reporting period, the 
following exchange rates have been used.

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

Currency

2018 Average

2018 Period end

2017 Average

2017 Period end

SEK/USD

SEK/EUR

8.75

10.32

9.14

10.42

8.67

9.73

9.42

9.80

Segment reporting
Operating segments are based on geographic perspective and reported in 
a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Executive 
Management. 

Classification of assets and liabilities
Non-current assets, long-term liabilities and provisions consist for the most 
part solely of amounts that are expected to be recovered or paid more than 
twelve  months  after  the  balance  sheet  date.  Current  assets  and  current 
liabilities consist solely of amounts that are expected to be recovered or 
paid within twelve months after the balance sheet date.

Oil and gas properties
Oil and gas properties are initially recorded at historical cost, where it is 
probable  that  they  will  generate  future  economic  benefits.  All  costs  for 
acquiring  concessions,  licences  or  interests  in  production  sharing  con-
tracts  and  for  the  survey,  drilling  and  development  of  such  interests  are 
capitalised on a field area cost centre basis. This includes capitalisation 
of  decommissioning  and  restoration  costs  associated  with  provisions 
for  asset  retirement  (see  “Provisions”).  Oil  and  gas  properties  are  sub-
sequently  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation,  depletion  and 
amortisation  (including  any  impairment).  Gains  and  losses  on  disposals 
are  determined  by  comparing  the  proceeds  with  the  carrying  amounts  of 
assets sold and are recognised in income.

Routine maintenance and repair costs for producing assets are expensed 
to the income statement when they occur. 

Proceeds from the sale or farm-out of oil and gas concessions in the explo-
ration stage are off set against the related capitalised costs of each cost 
centre with any excess of net proceeds over all costs capitalised included 
in the income statement. In the event of a sale in the exploration stage any 
deficit is included in the income statement.

Oil and gas properties are categorised as either producing or non-producing.

Depreciation, depletion and amortisation
Producing oil and gas properties are depleted on a unit-of-production basis 
over the proved and probable reserves of the field concerned, except in the 
case  of  assets  whose  useful  lives  differ  from  the  lifetime  of  the  field,  in 
which case the straight-line method is applied.

In accordance with the unit of production method, net capitalised costs to 
reporting date, together with anticipated future capital costs for the devel-
opment  of  the  proved  and  probable  reserves  determined  at  the  balance 
sheet date price levels, are depleted based on the year’s production in rela-
tion to estimated total proved and probable reserves of oil and gas. Deple-
tion of a field area is charged to the income statement once commercial 
production commences, under Depletion, depreciation and amortisation.

Proved  reserves  are  those  quantities  of  petroleum  which,  by  analysis  of 
geological  and  engineering  data,  can  be  estimated  with  reasonable  cer-
tainty  to  be  commercially  recoverable,  from  a  given  date  forward,  from 
known reservoirs and under current economic conditions, operating meth-
ods and governmental regulations. Proved reserves can be categorised as 
developed  or  undeveloped.  If  deterministic  methods  are  used,  the  term 
reasonable  certainty  is  intended  to  express  a  high  degree  of  confidence 
that  the  quantities  will  be  recovered.  If  probabilistic  methods  are  used, 
there should be at least a 90 percent probability that the quantities actually 
recovered will equal or exceed the estimates.

Probable reserves are those unproved reserves which analysis of geologi-
cal and engineering data suggests are more likely than not to be recover-
able.  In  this  context,  when  probabilistic  methods  are  used,  there  should 
be at least a 50 percent probability that the quantities actually recovered 
will equal or exceed the sum of estimated proved plus probable reserves. 

Exploration costs
Exploration  costs  relate  to  non-producing  oil  and  gas  properties  and  are 
recognised in the income statement when a decision is made not to pro-
ceed with an oil and gas project, or when expected future economic benefits 
of an oil and gas project are less than capitalised costs. No depletion is 
charged to non-producing oil and gas properties.

Costs  related  to  non-producing  oil  and  gas  properties  and  directly  asso-
ciated  with  an  exploration  well  are  capitalised  until  the  determination  of 
reserves is evaluated. If it is determined that a commercial discovery has 
not  been  achieved,  these  exploration  costs  are  charged  to  the  income 
statement as exploration costs.

51

The field will be transferred from the non-production cost pool to the pro-
duction cost pool within oil and gas properties once commercial production 
commences, and accounted for as a producing asset.

Impairment
Tethys Oil continuously assesses its producing oil and gas properties for 
any need for impairment. This is performed in conjunction with each bal-
ance sheet date or if there are events or changes in circumstances that 
indicate that carrying values of assets may not be recoverable. Such indica-
tors include changes in the Group’s business plans, relinquished licences, 
changes in raw materials prices leading to lower revenues and, for oil and 
gas properties, downward revisions of estimated reserve quantities.

Testing for impairment losses is performed for each cash generating unit, 
which corresponds to licence right, production sharing agreement or equiva-
lent owned by Tethys Oil. A cash generating unit thus usually corresponds 
to  each acquired asset  in each country  in  which  Tethys  Oil  carries on oil 
and  gas  operations.  Impairment  testing  means  that  the  balance  sheet 
item amount for each cash generating unit is compared to the recoverable 
amount for the assets, which is the higher of the fair value of the assets 
less sales expenses and the value in use. The value in use of the assets is 
based on the present value of future cash flows discounted by a discount 
rate; see also note 8 under the section Impairment testing. An impairment 
loss is recorded when an asset’s or a cash generating unit’s recorded value 
exceeds  the  recoverable  amount.  Impairment  losses  are  charged  to  the 
income statement.

Interest
Interest on borrowings to finance the acquisition of producing oil and gas 
properties  is  charged  to  income  as  incurred.  Interest  on  borrowings  to 
finance fields under development is capitalized within oil and gas proper-
ties until production commences. 

Valuation principles financial items
The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: at fair 
value through profit or loss, loans and receivables and other liabilities. The 
classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were 
acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets 
at initial recognition.

Tethys  Oil  reports  a  financial  asset  or  a  financial  liability  in  the  balance 
sheet  when  it  becomes  a  party  to  the  instrument’s  contractual  terms. 
Tethys  Oil  derecognises  a  financial  liability  or  part  thereof  when  the  obli-
gation stated in the relevant contract is fulfilled or otherwise terminated.

Tethys Oil bases the fair value of financial instruments depending on avail-
able market data at time of valuation. Data are categorised into three cat-
egories: Level 1: quoted prices in active markets. Level 2: valuation based 
on  observable  market  data.  Level  3:  valuation  techniques  incorporating 
information other than observable market data. The reported value – after 
any impairment – of accounts receivable and accounts payable is assumed 
to equate to their fair value, since these entries are short-term in nature.

a) Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are finan-
cial assets held for trading. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in 
this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short 
term. Derivatives are also categorised as held for trading unless they are 
designated as hedges. Assets and liabilities in this category are classified 
as current assets or liabilities if expected to be settled within 12 months; 
otherwise, they are classified as non-current. The Group did not have any 
financial assets held for trading during 2018.

b) Receivables and other receivables
Receivables and other receivables are non-derivative financial assets with 
fixed  or  determinable  payments  that  are  not  quoted  in  an  active  market. 
They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 
months after the end of the reporting period. These are classified as non-
current assets. The group’s receivables comprise ‘trade and other receiva-
bles’ and ‘cash and cash equivalents’ in the balance sheet. Receivables 
and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently 
measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method.  Assets 
are also measured less provision for impairment.

in current liabilities, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the 
end of the reporting period. These are classified as non-current liabilities. 
Other liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently meas-
ured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

d) Impairment of financial assets
The  group  assesses  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period  whether  there 
is  objective  evidence  that  a  financial  asset  or  group  of  financial  assets 
is  impaired.  A  financial  asset  or  a  group  of  financial  assets  is  impaired 
and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of 
impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial 
recognition of the asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has 
an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group 
of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. For loans and receivables 
category, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between 
the  asset’s  carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  estimated  future 
cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) dis-
counted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying 
amount of the asset is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in 
the consolidated income statement. 

Fixed assets other than oil and gas
Other  tangible  fixed  assets  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depre-
ciation. Depreciation is based on cost and is calculated on a straight line 
basis over the estimated economic life of 3 to 5 years for office equipment 
and other assets.

Additional  costs  to  existing  assets  are  included  in  the  assets’  net  book 
value  or  recognised  as  a  separate  asset,  as  appropriate,  only  when  it  is 
probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to 
the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

The  net  book  value  of  any  replaced  parts  is  written  off.  Other  additional 
expenses are deemed to be repair and maintenance costs and are charged 
to the income statement when they are incurred. The net book value is writ-
ten down immediately to its recoverable amount when the net book value 
is higher. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less 
cost to sell and value in use. 

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, short-term 
deposits, money market funds and commercial paper that have a maturity 
of three months or less at the date of acquisition.

Equity
Share capital consists of the registered share capital for the parent com-
pany.  Share  issue  costs  associated  with  the  issuance  of  new  equity  are 
treated as a direct reduction of proceeds. Excess contribution in relation to 
the issuance of shares is accounted for in the item additional paid-in-capital.

Should any Group company purchase parent company shares (repurchase 
of own shares) the proceeds including any directly attributable transaction 
costs (net after tax) will reduce equity attributable to the shareholders of 
the parent company until the shares are annulled or realized. If the shares 
are realized, proceeds net after directly attributable transaction costs and 
tax effects are shown in equity attributable to the shareholders of the par-
ent company.

The  currency  translation  reserve  contains  unrealised  translation  differ-
ences due to the conversion of the functional currencies into the presenta-
tion currency.

Retained  earnings  contain  the  accumulated  results  attributable  to  the 
shareholders of the parent company. 

Provisions
A provision is reported when Tethys Oil has a legal or constructive obligation 
as a consequence of an event and when it is more likely than not that an 
outflow of resources is required to settle the obligation and a reliable esti-
mate can be made of the amount. Provisions are measured at the present 
value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation 
using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time 
value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the 
provision due to passage of time is recognised as financial expense.

c) Other liabilities
Other liabilities are non-derivative financial liabilities with fixed or determi-
nable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included 

On fields where the Group is required to contribute to site restoration costs, 
a  provision  is  recorded  to  recognise  the  future  commitment.  An  asset  is 

52

created, as part of the oil and gas properties, to represent the discounted 
value of the anticipated site restoration liability and depleted over the life 
of  the  field  on  a  unit  of  production  basis.  The  corresponding  accounting 
entry to the creation of the asset recognises the discounted value of the 
future  liability.  The  discount  applied  to  the  anticipated  site  restoration 
liability is subsequently released over the life of the field and is charged 
to financial expenses. Changes in site restoration costs and reserves are 
treated prospectively and consistent with the treatment applied upon initial 
recognition. 

Pension obligations
The majority of the pension obligations of the Group are governed by legally 
required social costs. Additional pension schemes exists which are funded 
through payments to insurance companies. These are defined contribution 
plans. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the group 
pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The Group has no legal or 
constructive obligations to pay further contributions should this legal entity 
not  hold  sufficient  assets  to  pay  all  employees  the  benefits  relating  to 
employee service in the current or prior periods.

Revenue
Revenues from the sale of oil and gas are recognised in the income state-
ment net of royalties in kind or in cash (government take). Revenues asso-
ciated  with  the  sale  of  crude  oil  are  recognised  at  the  fair  value  of  the 
consideration received or receivable when the significant risks and rewards 
of ownership have been transferred, which is when title passes from Tethys 
Oil to the customer. For Tethys Oil’s operations, customers take title when 
the crude oil is loaded onto a tanker.

Underlift and overlift
Crude oil and natural gas produced and sold, below or above Tethys Oil’s 
working interest share in the related oil and gas property, results in produc-
tion underliftings, or overliftings. Underliftings are recorded as Other receiv-
ables  valued  at  market  value,  and  overliftings  are  recorded  in  Other  cur-
rent liabilities and accrued at the market value. Underliftings are reversed 
from  Other  receivables  when  the  crude  oil  is  lifted  and  sold.  Overliftings 
are reversed from Other current liabilities when sufficient volumes are pro-
duced to make up the overlifted volume.

Profit oil and cost recovery
Blocks 3&4, being Tethys Oil’s main and only producing oil and gas prop-
erty, is governed by an Exploration and Production Sharing Contract (EPSA). 
Under the EPSA, revenues are derived from cost recovery oil and gas and 
profit oil and gas. Cost recovery oil and gas allows Tethys Oil generally to 
recover all investments and operating expenses (CAPEX and OPEX). Profit 
oil  and  gas  is  allocated  to  the  host  government  and  contract  parties  in 
accordance with their respective equity interests.

Other
Incidental revenues from the production of oil and gas are offset against 
capitalised costs of the related cost centre until quantities of proven and 
probable  reserves  are  determined  or  commercial  production  has  com-
menced.  Service  income,  generated  by  providing  technical  and  manage-
ment services to joint operations, is recognised as other income.

Income taxes
Presented income taxes include tax payable or tax receivable for the report-
ing period, adjustments in regard to previous year’s taxes and changes in 
deferred tax.

Valuations of all tax liabilities/claims is in nominal amounts and are pre-
pared in accordance with tax legislation and tax rates decided or announced 
and at which they are likely to be resolved.

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is 
recognised  in  the  income  statement,  except  to  the  extent  that  it  relates 
to  items  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  or  directly  in  equity. 
In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or 
directly in equity, respectively. Deferred income tax is recognised, using the 
liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated finan-
cial  statements.  Deferred  income  tax  assets  are  recognised  only  to  the 
extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against 
which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits such as salaries, social premiums and holi-
day pay, are expensed when incurred. 

Share based incentive programme
Equity-settled share based payments are recognized in the income state-
ment as administrative expenses and as equity in the balance sheet. The 
option  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  date  of  grant  using  the  Black  & 
Scholes  options  pricing  model  and  is  charged  to  the  income  statement 
without revaluation of the value of the option. 

Severance pay
Severance  pay  is  payable  when  employment  is  terminated  by  the  Group 
before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts volun-
tary redundancy in exchange for the severance pay. The Group recognises 
severance  pay  when  it  is  demonstrably  committed  to  either  terminating 
the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan 
without possibility of withdrawal or providing severance pay as a result of 
an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy. Benefits falling due more 
than 12 months after the balance sheet date are discounted to their pre-
sent value.

Related party transactions
Tethys Oil recognises the following related parties: associated companies, 
jointly controlled entities, members or the family of the key management 
personnel or other parties that are partly, directly or indirectly, controlled by 
key management personnel or of its family or of any individual that controls, 
or has joint control or significant influence over the entity.

Parent company accounting principles 
The  parent  company  has  prepared  its  Annual  Report  in  compliance  with 
Swedish Annual Accounts Act and recommendation RFR 2, Accounting for 
Legal Entities of the Swedish Financial Reporting Board. The implementa-
tion of IFRS 9 Financial assets and IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with 
customers had only limited impact of the accounting of the parent company. 
The effects are considered immaterial and there has not been a transition 
impact to the opening balances for 2018. See Note “New accounting prin-
ciples for 2018” for more information.

Financial instruments
Assets and liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction 
costs and subsequently measured at amortised cost unless stated other-
wise.  Financial  assets  are  derecognised  when  the  rights  to  receive  cash 
flows from the investments have expired, or have been transferred and the 
Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. 

Subsidiaries
Holdings  in  subsidiaries  are  recognised  in  the  parent  company  financial 
statements according to the cost method of accounting. The values of sub-
sidiaries are tested for impairment when there is an indication of a decline 
in the value.

Group contributions
The parent company uses the alternative method in accounting for group 
contributions and records paid as well as received contributions as appro-
priations in the income statement.

Taxes
The  parent  company’s  financial  statements  recognise  untaxed  reserves 
including  deferred  tax.  The  consolidated  financial  statements,  however, 
reclassify untaxed reserves to deferred tax liability and equity. 

53

Note 1, Risk management
The  Group’s  activities  expose  it  to  a  number  of  risks  and  uncertainties 
which are continuously monitored and reviewed. Presented below are the 
main risks and uncertainties of the group as identified by the directors and 
how the group handles these risks.

Licenses
Tethys Oil’s direct interests are held through agreements with host countries, 
for example licenses or production sharing agreements. These agreements 
are often limited in time and there are no guarantees that the agreements 
can be extended when a time limit is reached. 

Operational risk management
Technical and geological risk
At its current stage of development Tethys Oil is partly commercially produc-
ing oil and partly exploring for and appraising undeveloped known oil and/ 
or  natural  gas  accumulations.  The  operational  risk  is  different  in  these 
different parts of Tethys Oil’s operations. The main operational risk in explo-
ration and appraisal activities is that the activities and investments made 
by Tethys Oil and its partners will not evolve into commercial reserves of 
oil and gas. 

Oil price
The oil price is of significant importance to Tethys Oil in all parts of opera-
tions  as  income  and  profitability  is  and  will  be  dependent  on  prices  pre-
vailing from time to time. Significantly lower oil prices will reduce current 
and expected profitability in projects and can make projects sub economic. 
Lower  oil  prices  could  also  decrease  the  industry  interest  in  Tethys  Oil’s 
projects regarding farmout or sale of assets. There were no oil price hedges 
in place as at 31 December 2018.

Tethys  Oil’s  has  a  flexible  approach  towards  oil  price  hedging,  based  on 
an  assessment  of  the  benefits  of  the  hedge  contract  in  specific  circum-
stances. Based on analysis of the circumstances Tethys Oil will assess the 
benefits of forward hedging sales contracts for the purpose of establishing 
a  secured  cash  flow.  If  Tethys  Oil  believes  that  the  hedging  contract  will 
provide  an  enhanced  cash  flow  or  if  the  risk  of  not  being  able  to  meet 
investment commitments is high, then Tethys Oil may choose to enter into 
an oil price hedge.

Net result in financial statements (MUSD)

Shift in oil price (USD/barrel)

Total effect on net result (MUSD)

62.2

+5

10.9

62.2

-5

-10.9

Access to equipment
An operational risk factor is access to equipment in Tethys Oil’s project. Espe-
cially in the drilling/development phase of a project, the Group is dependent 
on advanced equipment such as rigs, casing, pipes etc. A shortage of the-
ses supplies can present difficulties for Tethys Oil to fulfil projects. Limited 
access to drilling rigs has in the past led to cost increases and has in part 
been the cause of project delays. 

Political risk
Tethys Oil has operations, alone or with partners, in several different coun-
tries  and  can  therefore  be  subject  to  political  risk.  The  political  risks  are 
monitored and factored in when evaluating possible projects. Asset diversi-
fication is again Tethys Oil’s principal approach to deal with this risk. Specifi-
cally, Tethys Oil also deals with political risk by emphasising continuous close 
dialog with host country authorities and interest groups, nationally as well as 
locally. Tethys Oil holds its oil and gas interest through licences, directly or 
indirectly, which are granted by national governments. Tethys Oil’s operations 
are often also subject to local permits. Therefore, Tethys Oil and the industry 
are subject to a wide range of political risks on different levels and the busi-
ness is highly sensitive to political changes. 

Environment
Oil and gas operations can be environmentally sensitive. Tethys Oil devotes 
considerable effort and expense to identify and mitigate any perceived envi-
ronmental  risk.  The  operations  are  subject  to  extensive  regulatory  control 
with regard to environmental matters, both on national and international lev-
els. Environmental legislation regulates inter alia the control of water and air 
contamination, waste material, licensing requirements, restrictions on carry-
ing out operations in environmentally sensitive and littoral areas. 

Key personnel
Tethys  Oil  is  dependent  on  certain  key  personnel,  some  of  whom  have 
founded  the  Company  at  the  same  time  as  they  are  among  the  existing 
shareholders and members of the Board of Directors of the Company. These 
people are important for the successful development of Tethys Oil. The Com-
pany actively tries to strike an optimal balance between its dependence of 
key personnel and its methods for retaining these. 

Financial risk management
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, mainly catego-
rized as exchange rate risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s risks are continu-
ously monitored and analysed by the Board of Directors and management. 
The  aim  is  to  minimise  potential  adverse  effects  on  the  Group’s  financial 
performance.

Foreign currency risk
The  Group  is  exposed  to  fluctuations  in  the  foreign  exchange  markets  as 
fluctuations in exchange rates can negatively affect the result, cash flow and 
equity. The major proportion of the Group´s assets relate to international oil 
and  gas  discoveries  valued  in  USD  and  which  generate  revenues  in  USD. 
During  2018,  all  of  Tethys  Oil’s  oil  sales  and  operative  expenditures  were 
denominated in USD. The exchange risk affects the Group by transaction risk 
and translation risk. 

Transaction risk
Transaction exposure arises in the cash flow when invoicing or the costs of 
invoiced goods and services are not in the local currency. The Group only has 
limited costs in currencies other than USD, primarily relating to the SEK costs 
in the parent company. Presented below is the exposure to currencies with 
reference to items in the financial statements:

Revenue

Investments 

2018

2017

100% in USD

100% in USD

99,8% in USD

99,9% in USD

External financing at year end

None

None

Tethys Oil does not currently hedge exchange rates. The Group policy is that 
cash held in bank should be held in USD, with the exception of the relatively 
minor amounts in SEK held in the Parent company, in order to reduce the 
exchange rate exposure.

Translation risk
Exchange-rate changes affect the Group in conjunction with the translation 
of the income statements of Group entities to USD as the Group’s operat-
ing profit is affected and when net assets are translated into USD which 
can negatively affect the Group’s operating profit and statement of financial 
position. The parent company has issued loans to its subsidiaries denomi-
nated in USD and exchange rate changes impact the income statement of 
the  parent  company.  The  Group  does  not  hedge  its  translation  exposure 
and  fluctuating  currency  rates  might  negatively  affect  the  operating  profit 
and financial position of the Group. 

Liquidity risks and capital risk
By operating in several countries, Tethys Oil is exposed to currency fluctua-
tions. Income is and will also most likely be denominated in foreign curren-
cies, US dollars in particular. Furthermore, Tethys Oil has since inception 
been equity and debt financed through share and bond issues, bank loans 
and also financed by asset divestment. Additional capital could be needed 
to finance Tethys Oil’s future operations and/or for acquisition of additional 
licences. The main risk is that this need could occur during less favourable 
market conditions. Tethys Oil continuously ensures that sufficient cash bal-
ances are maintained in order to cover day to day operations. Management 
relies on cash forecasting to assess Tethys Oil’s cash position based on 
expected future cash flows.

Fall due profile on Tethys Oil’s 

financial liabilities

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

MUSD

<1 year

1–3 year

<1 year

1–3 year

Accounts payables and other 

liabilities

Total

13.9

13.9

–

–

6.1

6.1

–

–

54

Credit risk
Tethys  Oil’s  policy  is  to  limit  credit  risk  by  limiting  the  counter-parties  to 
major  banks  and  oil  trading  companies.  Tethys  Oil  is  selling  all  of  its  oil 
through Mitsui Energy Trading Singapore which is part of Mitsui & Co. Ltd. 
As at 31 December 2018 the Group’s receivables on oil sales amounted 
to  MUSD  14.9  (MUSD  12.1),  this  also  represents  the  maximal  exposure 
on accounts receivable. There is no history of default and the Group does 
currently  not  anticipate  future  credit  losses.  Cash  and  cash  equivalents 
are maintained with banks having strong long-term credit ratings. Maximal 
exposure  regarding  other  financial  assets  is  those  presented  in  the  bal-
ance sheet.

It  is  the  responsibility  of  the  Board  of  Directors  to  overview  the  Group’s 
capital  structure  and  financial  management,  approve  certain  business 
regarding  acquisition,  investments,  possible  lending  as  well  as  on-going 
monitoring exposure to financial risks.

IFRS 9 valuation categories and related balance sheet items

31 December 2018

Financial assets and 

liabilities at fair value 

Financial  
assets at  

Financial  

liabilities at  

MUSD

through profit or loss

amortised cost

amortised cost

Other receivables

Cash and bank

Accounts payable and 

other current liabilities

17.9

73.1

–

–

–

31 December 2017

13.9

Financial assets and 

liabilities at fair value 

Financial  
assets at  

Financial  

liabilities at  

MUSD

through profit or loss

amortised cost

amortised cost

Other receivables

Cash and bank

Accounts payable and 

other current liabilities

–

–

–

12.7

42.0

–

–

–

6.1

All  financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  current  and  the  fair  value  of  these 
are deemed to be the carrying amount as the discounting effects are not 
material

Events after the balance sheet date
All  events  up  to  the  date  when  the  financial  statements  were  authorised 
for issue and which have a material effect in the financial statements have 
been disclosed.

Note 2,  Critical accounting estimates and 

judgements

Estimates  and  judgements  are  continuously  evaluated  and  are  based  on 
historical  experience  and  other  factors,  including  expectations  of  future 
events which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The 
Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The esti-
mates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets within the next financial year 
are discussed below.

Estimates in oil and gas reserves and resources
The business of the Group is the exploration for, development of and pro-
duction  of  oil  and  gas  reserves.  Estimates  of  oil  and  gas  reserves  and 
resources are used in the calculations for impairment tests, in-house mod-
eling  and  accounting  for  depletion  and  site  restoration.  Changes  in  esti-
mates in oil and gas reserves and resources, resulting in different future 
production  profiles,  will  affect  the  discounted  cash  flows  used  in  impair-
ment  testing,  the  anticipated  date  of  site  decommissioning  and  restora-
tion  and  the  depletion  charges  in  accordance  with  the  unit  of  production 
method. Estimates in oil and gas reserves and resources may change fol-
lowing for instance new wells, long term production data and changes in 
macro economic data.

Site restoration provision
Amounts  used  in  recording  a  provision  for  site  restoration  are  estimates 
based on current legal and constructive requirements and current technol-
ogy and price levels for the removal of facilities and plugging and abandon-
ing of wells. Due to changes in relation to these items, the future actual 
cash outflows in relation to the site decommissioning and restoration can 
be  different.  To  reflect  the  effects  due  to  changes  in  legislation,  require-
ments and technology and price levels, the carrying amounts of site resto-
ration provisions are reviewed on a regular basis. The effects of changes 
in estimates do not give rise to prior year adjustments and are treated pro-
spectively over the estimated remaining commercial reserves of each field. 
While  the  Group  uses  its  best  estimates  and  judgement,  actual  results 
could differ from these estimates. 

Impairment of oil and gas properties
Tethys Oil continuously assesses its producing oil and gas properties for 
any need for impairment testing. This is performed in conjunction with each 
balance sheet date or if there are events or changes in circumstances that 
indicate that carrying values of assets may not be recoverable. Such indica-
tors include changes in the Group’s business plans, relinquished licences, 
changes in oil prices leading to lower revenues and, for oil and gas proper-
ties, downward revisions of estimated reserve quantities.

Testing for impairment losses is performed when necessary for each cash 
generating  unit,  which  corresponds  to  licence  right,  production  sharing 
agreement or equivalent owned by Tethys Oil. A cash generating unit thus 
usually corresponds to each acquired asset in each country in which Tethys 
Oil carries on oil and gas operations. Impairment testing means that the 
balance sheet item amount for each cash generating unit is compared to 
the recoverable amount for the assets, which is the higher of the fair value 
of the assets less sales expenses and the value in use. The value in use 
of the assets is based on the present value of future cash flows discounted 
by a discount rate; see also note 8 under the section Impairment testing. 
An impairment loss is recorded when an asset’s or a cash generating unit’s 
recorded  value  exceeds  the  recoverable  amount.  Impairment  losses  are 
charged to the income statement.

Tax
Tethys Oil has not recorded a deferred tax asset in relation to the tax losses 
carried forward as there is uncertainty as to if the tax losses may be utilised 
note 15.

55

 
 
 
 
 
Note 3, Segment information 
The  Group´s  accounting  principle  for  segment  describes  that  operating 
segments are based on geographic perspective and reported in a manner 
consistent with the internal reporting which is primarily based on income 
statement ratios and provided to the executive management, which is con-

sidered to be the chief operating decision maker. The operating result for 
each segment is presented below. Revenue and income relate to external 
(non-intra group) transactions.

MUSD

Revenue

Operating expenses

Depreciation, depletion and amortisation

Exploration costs

Net profit/loss from associates

Administrative expenses

Operating result

Total financial items

Result before tax

Income tax

Result for the period

MUSD

Revenue

Operating expenses

Depreciation, depletion and amortisation

Exploration costs

Net profit/loss from associates

Administrative expenses

Operating result

Total financial items

Result before tax

Income tax

Result for the period

Oman

157.3

-45.9

-45.9

–

–

-2.3

63.2

Oman

119.3

-34.9

-39.5

–

–

-2.0

42.9

Group income statement Jan–Dec 2018

Lithuania

Sweden

Other

–

–

–

–

0.9

–

0.9

–

–

–

–

–

-2.7

-2.7

–

–

–

–

-0.7

-0.7

Group income statement Jan–Dec 2017

Lithuania

Sweden

Other

–

–

–

–

-0.3

–

-0.3

–

–

–

–

–

-3.5

-3.5

–

–

–

-0.3

–

-0.4

-0.7

Total

157.3

-45.9

-45.9

0.0

0.9

-5.7

60.7

1.5

62.2

–

62.2

Total

119.3

-34.9

-39.5

-0.3

-0.3

-5.9

38.4

-5.3

33.1

–

33.1

Oman is Tethys Oil’s only oil producing area from which revenue is recorded 
as at 31 December 2018 (and comparative periods). Revenue, operating 
expenses and depletion, which is presented in notes 4, 8 and 9, therefore 
only relate to Oman and Blocks 3&4 in particular. 

Regarding  Oil  and  gas  properties,  segment  reporting  is  provided  in  note 
8.  Please  refer  to  note  1  regarding  Credit  risk  exposure  on  accounts 
receivables.

Note 4, Revenue

MUSD

Revenue

Underlift/overlift adjustments

Revenue and other income

2018

152.6

4.7

157.3

2017

119.9

-0.6

119.3

Tethys  Oil  sells  all  of  its  oil  to  Mitsui  Energy  Trading  Singapore,  which  is 
part of Mitsui & Co Ltd. All oil sales come from Blocks 3&4 Oman and are 
made  on  a  monthly  basis.  Tethys  Oil’s  average  selling  price  is  based  on 
the monthly average price of the two month future contract of Oman blend 
as traded on the Dubai Mercantile Exchange, including trading and quality 
adjustments.

Note 5, Other income
Parts of the administrative expenses in Tethys Oil, such as overhead costs 
in the parent company, are charged to oil and gas projects where the expen-
ditures are capitalised. Other income in the parent company during 2018 
amounted to MSEK 9.7 compared to MSEK 10.9 in 2017. In case of Tethys 
Oil  being  the  operator  in  joint  operations,  these  administrative  expendi-
tures are, through the above, also funded by the partners if such partners 
exist. The chargeout to joint operations projects where Tethys Oil is opera-

tor  is  presented  in  the  consolidated  income  statement  as  Other  income 
to  the  extent  related  to  interest  not  held  by  Tethys  Oil.  All  other  internal 
chargeouts are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. Tethys 
Oil is as at 31 December 2018 operator in Block 49, Oman and hold 100% 
of the license interest.

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 6, Associated companies 
Tethys  Oil  holds  an  indirect  interest  of  three  Lithuanian  companies  hold-
ing three licences; Gargzdai, Rietavas and Raiseiniai licences. The interest 
is held through two Danish private companies which are part of the Odin 

Group of companies, Odin Energi and Jylland Olie. The table below presents 
the ownership and the result from associates for the full year 2018.

owns

of

owns

of

owns

of

owns

of

Tethys Oil AB (publ)

50%

Odin Energy A/S

50%

UAB Minijos Nafta

40%

Jyllands Olie ApS

75%

UAB TAN Oil

100%

Gargzdai licence

100%

Raseiniai licence

100%

UAB LL Investicijos

100%

Rietavas licence

MUSD

Tethys Oil’s share of net profit from associated companies

2018

0.9

Tethys Oil’s  

indirect interest

25%

30%

30%

2017

-0.3

Note 7, Provisions
Tethys  Oil  estimates  that  Tethys  Oil’s  share  of  site  restoration  regarding 
Blocks 3&4  at  year  end  2018  amounts  to  MUSD  6.9  (6.1).  As  a  conse-
quence  of  this  provision,  oil  and  gas  properties  have  increased  with  an 
equal amount. The change in provision follows an annual review of the site 
restoration calculation where the number of wells drilled is one of the main 
components that affect the provision’s net present value. 

Tethys Oil has a non-current provision of MUSD 2.0 (3.0) from of the esti-
mated  total  error  amount  of  MUSD  5.9  from  the  Export  Reporting  Error 
on Blocks 3&4. Tethys Oil also has a current provision of 1.0 (1.0) MUSD 
related to the Export Reporting Error.

MUSD

1 January 2018

Additions

Payments

Changes in estimates

Unwinding of discount

31 December 2018

Current

Non-current

Total

Abandonment 

Other 

provision

provisions

Total

MUSD

Abandonment 

Other 

provision

provisions

6.1

–

–

0.4

0.4

6.9

–

6.9

6.9

4.0

–

-1.0

–

–

3.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

10.1

1 January 2017

–

Additions

-1.0

Payments

0.4

0.4

9.9

1.0

8.9

9.9

Changes in estimates

Unwinding of discount

31 December 2017

Current

Non-current

Total

4.8

–

–

1.0

0.3

6.1

–

6.1

6.1

5.9

–

-1.9

–

–

4.0

1.0

3.0

4.0

Total

10.7

–

-1.9

1.0

0.3

10.1

1.0

9.1

10.1

Note 8, Oil and gas properties
The  agreements  that  govern  the  relationship  with  host  countries  are 
referred to as licences or Exploration and Production Sharing Agreements 
(EPSA or PSA). Tethys Oil holds its interest directly through aforementioned 
agreements in Oman and France. The agreements with host countries have 
a time limit and are normally divided into periods. Financial commitments 
and or work commitments normally relates to the different periods. Tethys 
Oil  has  fulfilled  its  commitments  on  Blocks 3&4.  In  Block  49  the  initial 

work commitments during the first period include geological studies, seis-
mic acquisition and processing and exploratory drilling. In the other areas 
of operations the commitments are either fulfilled or there are no commit-
ments  of  which  Tethys  Oil  can  be  held  liable  for.  In  some  of  Tethys  Oil’s 
areas of interest there are requirements of work to be done or minimum 
expenditures in order to retain the licences, but no commitments of which 
Tethys Oil can be held liable for.

Licence

Blocks 3 & 4

Blocks 49

Attila2

Gargzdai3

Rietavas3

Raseiniai3

Phase

Production

Exploration1

Exploration

Production

Exploration

Exploration

Expiration date

Tethys Oil

Partners (operator in bold)

July 2040

Nov 20201

Feb 2019

No expiration date

No expiration date

Sep 2022

30%

100%

40%

25%

30%

30%

CCED, Mitsui, Tethys Oil

Tethys Oil

Galli Coz, Tethys Oil

Odin, GeoNafta, Tethys Oil

Odin, Tethys Oil, private investors

Odin, Tethys Oil, private investors

Country

Oman

Oman

France

Lithuania

Lithuania

Lithuania

MUSD

Producing cost pools

Non-producing cost pools

Total oil and gas properties

31 Dec 2018

31 Dec 2017

194.0

6.0

200.0

189.1

0.6

189.7

1  The exploration and production sharing agreement (EPSA) for Block 49 covers an initial exploration period of three years with an optional extension period of another three years. In case 
of a commercial oil or gas discovery, the EPSA will be transformed in to a 15 year production license which can be extended for another five years. In case of a commercial discovery Oman 
Government Company, has a right to acquire up to a 30% interest in Block 49 against refunding of past expenditure. The initial work commitments during the first period include geological 
studies, seismic acquisition and processing and exploratory drilling.

2  The Attila licence had an expiry date in February 2019. Tethys Oil is currently reviewing further measures.

3  The interest in the three Lithuanian licences are indirectly held through a shareholding in two Danish private companies, which in turn hold shares in Lithuanian companies holding 100 
percent of the licences. The two Danish companies, Odin Energi and Jylland Olie, are not consolidated in Tethys Oils financial statements due to the ownership structure, which is why there 
are no oil and gas properties related to the licences. The ownership of Jylland Olie and Odin Energi are presented in the balance sheet under Shares in associated companies.

57

MUSD

Book value 

adjustments 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

Other non–cash  

DD&A 

Exploration costs 

Investments 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

Country 

Asset type

31 Dec 2018

1 Jan–31 Dec 2018

194.0

5.7

0.0

0.3

200.0

0.4

–

–

–

0.4

2018

-45.9

–

–

–

-45.9

2018

–

–

–

–

–

2018

50.4

5.3

–

0.1

55.8

Oman Blocks 3&4

Producing

Oman Block 49

Non-producing

France Attila

Non-producing 

New ventures

Non-producing 

Total

MUSD

Country

Asset type

31 Dec 2017

1 Jan–31 Dec 2017

Book value 

adjustments 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

Other non–cash

DD&A 

Exploration costs 

Investments 

1 Jan–31 Dec 

Oman Blocks 3&4

Producing

Oman Block 49

Non-producing

France Attila

Non-producing 

New ventures

Non-producing 

Total

MUSD 

Depletion

1 January 2018

Depletion charge for the year

31 December 2018

MUSD 

Depletion

1 January 2017

Depletion charge for the year

31 December 2017

189.1

0.4

–

0.2

189.7

Oman Blocks 3&4

-178.4

-45.9

-224.3

Oman Blocks 3&4

-138.9

-39.5

-178.4

-2.0

–

–

–

2017

-39.5

–

–

–

-2.0

-39.5

2017

–

–

–

-0.3

-0.3

2017

39.9

0.4

–

0.2

40.4

Exploration costs during 2018 amounted to MUSD 0.0 (MUSD 0.3).

Total

-178.4

-45.9

-224.3

Total

-138.9

-39.5

-178.4

MUSD

Investments Block 3&4

Categories

Drilling

G&G

Facilities

Total

MUSD

Oil & gas properties Block 3&4

Impairment testing
In  Tethys  Oil’s  assessment  of  the  need  for  impairment  testing,  the  Com-
pany uses its best efforts to estimate production profiles, general cost and 
development environment. To calculate future free cash flows, the forward 
oil price as traded in the market as per 31 December 2018 was used. There 
has been no impairment of assets during 2018 or 2017.

Categories

Drilling

G&G

Facilities

Total

Book value 

1 Jan 2018

189.1

0.4

–

0.2

189.7

Book value 

1 Jan 2017

190.8

–

–

0.3

191.1

98.9

24.4

65.8

189.1

2017

-16.5

-1.9

-0.3

-0.7

-1.4

-10.4

-31.2

2018 

25.5

11.2

13.7

50.4

2017

26.6

4.2

9.1

39.9

31 Dec 2018

31 Dec 2017

101.1

27.3

65.7

194.1

-3.1

-0.5

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-1.7

-5.7

-3.6

-0.4

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-1.5

-5.9

2018

-16.5

-1.9

-0.6

-1.1

-1.3

-11.4

-32.8

Note 9, Operating expenditures

Note 11, Administrative expenses

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

2018

2017

Administrative expenses

2018

2017

Operating expenditures

Production costs

Well workovers

Total

2018

-42.6

-3.4

-45.9

2017

-32.6

-2.3

-34.9

–

–

–

–

–

–

Personnel costs

Rent

Other office costs

Listing costs

Note 10, Remuneration to Company auditor

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

Remuneration to company  
auditor include:

2018

2017

2018

2017

Costs of external communication

Other costs

Total

PwC:

Audit fee

Audit-related fees

Tax consultation

Other

Total

-0.1

-0.0

–

–

-0.2

-0.0

–

–

-1.0

-0.0

–

–

-1.0

-0.0

–

–

-0.1

-0.2

-1.0

-1.0

Of the Group total during 2018, MUSD 0.1 (MUSD 0.2) has been in relation 
to PwC Sweden.

58

 
Note 12, Employees

Average number of full time 

2018

2017

employees per country

Total

Total men

Total

Total men

Parent company

Sweden

Total parent company

Subsidiary companies in Sweden

Subsidiary companies foreign

Oman

United Arab Emirates

Total subsidiary companies foreign

Total group

7

7

–

12

1

13

20

4

4

–

9

0

9

13

7

7

–

11

1

12

19

4

4

–

8

0

8

12

MUSD

2018

2017

Salaries, 

other 

remune-

ration

Salaries, 

other  

Social  

remune-

costs

ration

Social  

costs

Salaries and other  

remuneration to  

Pension 

Share based 

executive management 

Basic 

arrange-

Variable 

during 2018, MSEK

salary

ments

Salary

long term  
incentive1

Other 

benefits

Total 

2018

Managing Director

2.842

0.729

0.536

1.120

0.025

5.252

Other executive manage-
ment

3.847

0.377

0.875

1.164

0.156

6.420

Total

6.689

1.106

1.411

2.284

0.181 11.672

Salaries and other  
remuneration to  

Pension 

Share based 

executive management 

Basic 

arrange-

Variable 

during 2017, MSEK

salary

ments

Salary

long term 
incentive1

Other 

benefits

Total 

2017

Managing Director

2.186

0.549

0.680

1.277

0.012

4.704

Other executive manage-
ment

3.548

0.317

0.967

1.161

0.162

6.155

Total

5.734

0.866

1.648

2.438

0.174 10.860

1  The Managing director received 75,000 (75,000) and Other executive management 
received 96,000 (96,000) warrants in the 2018 incentive programme, totalling 
171,000 (171,000) warrants.

Salaries, other remuneration  
and social costs

Parent company

Sweden

Total parent company

Subsidiary companies in Sweden

Subsidiary companies foreign

Oman

United Arab Emirates

Total subsidiary companies foreign

Total group

-1.4

-1.4

–

-1.6

-0.2

-1.8

-3.2

-0.5

-0.5

–

–

–

–

-0.5

-1.4

-1.4

–

-1.5

-0.2

-1.7

-3.1

Remuneration to board members AGM 2018 to AGM 2019

Geoffrey Turbott

Robert Anderson

Alexandra Herger

Magnus Nordin

Per Seime

Total

-0.5

-0.5

–

–

–

–

Remuneration to board members AGM 2017 to AGM 2018

-0.5

Dennis Harlin

Robert Anderson

Per Brilioth

Alexandra Herger

Magnus Nordin

Per Seime

Katherine Støvring

Geoffrey Turbott

Total

MUSD

2018

2017

Salaries and other remuneration  
distributed between the board  

Board and 

Managing 

Board and 

Other 

Managing 

Other 

and other employees

Director

employees

Director

employees

Parent company

Sweden

Total parent company

Subsidiary companies in Sweden

Subsidiary companies foreign

Oman

United Arab Emirates

Total subsidiary companies foreign

-0.6

-0.6

–

–

–

–

Total group

-0.6

-0.8

-0.8

–

-1.6

-0.2

-1.8

-2.6

-0.5

-0.5

–

–

–

–

-0.5

-0.9

-0.9

–

-1.5

-0.2

-1.7

-2.6

Remuneration policy to executive management
Remuneration policy to the executive management includes five elements:
• Basic salary
• Pension arrangements
•  Yearly  variable  salary,  including  the  right  to  participate  in  share-based 

long-term incentive

• Other benefits
• Severance arrangements

MSEK

0.695

0.365

0.370

–

0.400

1.830

MSEK

0.630

0.330

0.265

0.300

–

0.365

0.335

0.390

2.615

A termination period of twelve months applies between the Company and 
Managing Director and three to six months between the Company and other 
members of executive management. The Managing Director is entitled to 
twelve month’s payments if the Company terminates the contract and other 
members  of  executive  management  are  entitled  to  six  to  twelve  month’s 
payments. Executive management consists of three members of which the 
Managing Director is one. 

During  2018,  one  woman  has  been  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 
compared to two in 2017. No women have been members of the executive 
management. At the AGM of shareholders on 9 May 2018 Robert Ander-
son, Alexandra Herger, Magnus Nordin, Per Seime and Geoffrey Turbott were 
re-elected members of the board. No deputy directors were appointed. At 
the same meeting, Geoffrey Turbott was appointed chairman of the board. 
There have not been any agreements on pensions for any of the directors 
of  the  board.  For  the  executive  management,  the  pension  costs  follow  a 
defined contribution plan. The increase in remuneration to executive man-
agement primarily relate to increased base salaries.

The Board has the right to deviate from the remuneration policy if there are 
particular reasons.

Basic salary
The  basic  salary  shall  be  in  line  with  market  conditions,  be  competitive, 
and shall take into account the scope and  responsibility associated with 
the  position,  as  well  as  the  skills,  experience,  and  performance  of  the 
executive.

Pension arrangements
The pension benefits comprise a defined contribution scheme with premi-
ums calculated on the full basic salary. The pension contributions shall be 
in relation to the basic salary and is set on an individual basis but shall not 
be higher than what is tax deductible.

Variable salary
Senior executives shall be part of two variable remuneration systems pay-
able in cash and/or in combination with a right to acquire warrants in the 
Company in a long-term incentive programs.

59

Senior  executives  may  have  the  right  to  participate  in  share  based  long-
term incentive programs. When allocating warrants the same financial and 
operational key indicators as for variable cash salary shall be considered. 

in  the  case  of,  for  example,  extraordinary  increases  or  decreases  in  the 
Group’s earnings. The variable remuneration shall not be pensionable.

The yearly variable cash salary shall be within the range of 1-12 monthly 
salaries  per person  and  year.  The targets  for  variable  cash  remuneration 
shall be determined by the Board prior to each financial year and individ-
ual  agreements  shall  be  arranged  with  each  participant,  the  content  of 
which  depends  on  the  participant’s  position  at  the  time  the  agreement 
is  arranged.  The  targets  shall  be  objectively  quantifiable  and  related  to 
budget.  The  targets  shall  consist  of  key  performance  indicators  both  for 
the Group’s overall and financial performance as well as individual perfor-
mance.  The  yearly  variable  salary  will  be  determined  annually  in  connec-
tion with publication of the year-end report for the respective financial year 
based on an evaluation of the participants’ achievement of the targets as 
described in the individual agreements. 

Payment of variable cash remuneration shall be conditional upon the partici-
pant remaining employed for the duration of the programme. The Board has 
the right to adjust the incentive program during the term of the programme 

Share based incentive programme
The share based incentive programme has the purpose to retain and recruit 
qualified and committed personnel on a global market for oil companies. 
The  programme  is  available  to  all  employees  and  is  intended  to  be  re-
occurring annually.

Other benefits
Non-financial benefits shall be based on market terms and shall facilitate 
the duties of each senior executive.

Severance arrangements
A mutual termination period of 12 months applies between the Company 
and  the  Managing  Director  and  up  to  six  months  between  the  Company 
and other senior executives. Severance pay shall be paid to the Managing 
Director of up to 12 months fixed salary and up to 12 months fixed salary 
for other senior executives if the Company terminates their employment.

Note 13, Financial income and similar items

Note 16, Other receivables

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

2018

2017

2018

2017

Other receivables

2018

2017

2018

2017

Interest income

Gain on currency exchange rates

Dividend from subsidiaries

Total

0.3

4.2

–

4.5

–

3.0

–

3.0

15.8

36.9

230.1

282.8

15.0

23.1

VAT

Receivables Oil sales

126.5

Other

164.6

Total

0.3

17.6

–

0.6

12.1

–

17.9

12.7

2.3

–

0.0

2.3

5.4

–

0.1

5.5

Note 14, Financial expenses and similar items

Interest expenses

Currency exchange losses

Other financial expenses

Total

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

2018

2017

0.0

-2.6

-0.4

-3.0

-0.2

-6.9

-1.2

-8.3

2018

-0.2

-23.1

0.0

-23.3

2017

–

-53.6

–

-53.6

Note 15, Tax
The Group’s income tax charge amount to MUSD 0.0 (MUSD 0.0). Tethys Oil 
has not recorded a deferred tax asset in relation to the tax losses carried 
forward since there is uncertainty as to if the tax losses may be utilised. 
The tax losses are in another jurisdiction than where main profits are gener-
ated. Tax losses carried forward amounted to MSEK 236.3 (MSEK 242.8). 
There are no time limits to the utilization of the tax losses.

The tax on the parent company’s result before tax differs from the theoreti-
cal amount that would arise using the Swedish tax rate as follows:

Parent (MSEK)

Result before tax

Tax at applicable tax rate 22%

Non-deductible expenses

Non-taxable income

Utilized (+) / Built up (–) tax loss carry forwards previously not 

recorded as deferred tax assets

Tax expense

2018

244.4

-53.8

-0.1

52.4

1.5

0.0

2017

85.0

-18.7

-1.4

27.8

-7.7

0.0

Tethys  Oil’s  oil  and  gas  operations  in  Oman  are  governed  by  an  Explora-
tion and Production Sharing Agreement for each licence (“EPSA”) whereby 
Tethys Oil receives its share of oil after government take. Under the terms 
of each EPSA, Tethys Oil is subject to Omani income taxes and royalties, 
which are paid in full, on behalf of Tethys Oil, from the government share of 
oil. The effect of these taxes is netted against revenue and other income 
in the income statement.

Note 17, Shareholders’ equity
As at 31 December 2018, the number of outstanding shares in Tethys Oil 
amount to 35,896,310, with a quota value of SEK 0.17. All shares represent 
one vote each. During 2018, the number of outstanding shares increased 
by 352,560 share, from 35,543,750 to 35,896,310. Tethys Oil has a war-
rant  based  incentive  programme  for  employees,  for  further  information 
please see note 20. As the average subscription price for three tranches of 
the incentive programme were partly below the average share price during 
2018, dilution effects of the warrants are included in the weighted average 
number of shares after dilution, which amounted to 34,140 thousand dur-
ing 2018.If the subscription prices have been below the share price during 
the reporting period, the dilution effects have been included in the weighted 
average number of shares in circulation after dilution.

As  at  31  December  2018,  Tethys  Oil  held  1,644,163  of  its  own  shares 
which have been purchased since commencement of the programme dur-
ing the fourth quarter 2014. The purpose of the repurchasing program is to 
optimize the capital structure and to enable any repurchased shares to be 
used as payment in connection with, or financing of, acquisitions of com-
panies or businesses. No shares were purchased during 2018 (314,939). 
The  repurchased  shares  are  still  included  in  the  total  number  of  shares, 
but  are  not  included  in  the  average  number  of  shares  in  circulation.  The 
weighted average number of shares in circulation during 2018 before dilu-
tion is 34,010,616 and after dilution 34,140,318. 

After 31 December 2018 and up to the date of publication for this report, 
Tethys Oil has not acquired any further shares. 

Earnings per share
Earnings  per  share  before  dilution  are  calculated  by  dividing  profit  for 
the  year  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  of  the  parent  company  by 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding and in circulation 
during  the  year.  Total  repurchased  shares  amounting  to  1,644,163  have 
been excluded from shares in circulation.

Earnings per share after dilution are calculated by dividing profit for the year 
attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  of  the  parent  company  by  weighted 
average  number  of  ordinary  shares  outstanding  and  in  circulation  during 
the year while also including the effect of warrants where the subscription 
price is below the share price. 

60

Appropriation of profit
The Board of Directors proposes a dividend of SEK 2.00 per share (AGM 
2018: SEK 2.00). The Board of Directors proposes that the dividend is to 
be paid in two equal instalments of SEK 1.00 per share each, payable in 
May and November 2019. Proposed record dates are 17 May 2019 and 18 
November 2019.

The Board of Directors proposes an extraordinary distribution of SEK 6.00 
per share by way of a mandatory share redemption programme following the 
AGM 2019 (AGM 2018: SEK 4.00). Further details to follow in the proposal 
to the 2019 AGM.

Note 18,  Accounts payable and other current 

liabilities

Accounts payable and  
other current liabilities

Accounts payable

Overlift position

Operator balance, Blocks 3&4 Oman

Other current liabilities

Total

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

2018

2017

0.1

–

9.9

3.9

13.9

0.1

2.0

3.2

0.8

6.1

2018

1.1

–

–

2.8

3.9

2017

0.5

–

–

5.2

5.7

Note 19, Shares in subsidiaries

Company

Tethys Oil Invest AB

Tethys Oil Turkey AB

Tethys Oil Exploration AB

Tethys Oil France AB

Tethys Oil Oman Ltd

Tethys Oil Block 3&4 Ltd

Tethys Oil Montasar Ltd

Tethys Oil Oman Onshore, Ltd

Reg. Number

556658-1442

556658-1913

556658-1483

556658-1491

95212

101981

115710

118203

Sweden

Sweden

Sweden

Sweden

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Reg. office

Number of shares

Percentage

per share

Nominal value  

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

100

1,000

1,000

1,000

1

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

SEK 100

SEK 100

SEK 100

SEK 100

GBP 1

USD 1

USD 1

USD 1

USD 1

Windsor Petroleum (Spain) Inc.

549 282

British Virgin Islands

On 25 October 2018 Tethys Oil Denmark AB (556658-1467) was merged with the parent company. Tethys Oil Denmark AB had no operations at the time of 
the merger. The effect on the parent company’s financial statements and position resulting from the merger are immaterial.

MSEK

Shares in subsidiaries

1 January 2018

Acquisitions/Relinquishments

Shareholder’s contribution

Merger, net

Write down of shares in subsidiaries

31 December 2018

Parent

Parent

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

0.9

0.0

–

0.1

–

1.0

1.0

-0.1

2.9

–

-2.9

0.9

61

Note 20, Incentive programme
Tethys Oil has an incentive programme as part of the remuneration package 
to  employees.  The  allocation  is  not  guaranteed  and  the  Board  of  Direc-
tors  of  the  Company  shall  resolve  on  and  implement  the  allocation.  The 
warrants have no vesting period or other restrictions and have been trans-
ferred  free  of  charge  to  the  participants  and  the  Group  accounts  for  any 
income  tax  for  the  participants  to  the  extent  such  tax  is  attributable  to 
the programme. The market value of the warrants has been calculated in 
accordance with the Black & Scholes formula by an independent valuation 

institution. The subscription price is based on the volume-weighted average 
of the purchase price for the Company’s share on Nasdaq Stockholm during 
approximately a two week period prior to the date of allocation.

Warrants were issued 2018 and 2017 following a decision by the respective 
AGM. The number of issued warrants during 2018 was 350,000 (350,000) 
and the number of warrants allocated during 2018 was 329,000. Issued 
but  not  allocated  warrants  are  held  by  the  Company.  Warrants  exercised 
during the year were 312,000 and expired 44,000.

Warrant incentive  

Subscription  

Shares per 

Number of warrants

programme

Exercise period

price, SEK

warrant

1 Jan 2018

Issued 2018

Exercised 2018

Expired 2018

31 Dec 2018

2015 incentive programme

23 May – 5 Oct, 2018

2016 incentive programme

28 May – 4 Oct, 2019

2017 incentive programme

30 May – 2 Oct, 2020

2018 incentive programme

1 Jun – 2 Oct, 2021

73.50

59.90

81.80

89.00

1.13

1.10

1.04

1.00

Total

356,000

350,000

350,000

1,056,000

0

0

0

350,000

350,000

-312,000

-44,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

350,000

350,000

350,000

-312,000

-44,000

1,050,000

Warrant incentive  

Subscription  

Shares per 

Number of warrants

programme

Exercise period

price, SEK

warrant

1 Jan 2017

Issued 2017

Exercised 2017

Expired 2017

31 Dec 2017

2015 incentive programme

23 May – 5 Oct, 2018

2016 incentive programme

28 May – 4 Oct, 2019

2017 incentive programme

30 May – 2 Oct, 2020

76.80

62.60

85.50

1.08

1.05

1.00

Total

356,000

350,000

0

706,000

0

0

350,000

350,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

356,000

350,000

350,000

1,056,000

Group MUSD

Parent MSEK

Warrant incentive programme

2018

2017

2018

2017

Incentive programme cost

Total

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-0.5

-2.1

-2.1

-3.6

-3.6

As the average subscription price for three tranches of the incentive pro-
gramme  were  partly  below  the  average  share  price  during  2018,  dilution 
effects  of  the  warrants  are  included  in  the  weighted  average  number  of 
shares  after  dilution,  which  amounted  to  34,140  thousand  during  2018. 
The  cost  is  calculated  in  accordance  with  the  Black  &  Scholes  formula 
where the main inputs are the factors in the above table, expected volatility, 
share price at valuation and an equity discount rate. The cost for the incen-
tive programme is included as part of administrative expenses and includes 
tax and social charges where applicable.

Note 21, Pledged assets 
As at 31 December 2018, pledged assets amounted to MUSD 0.1 related 
to  a  pledge  in  relation  to  office  rental  in  the  parent  company  (214.9).  In 
2017 all shares in the subsidiary Tethys Oil Block 3&4 Ltd was included 
related to a credit facility. 

Note 22, Contingent liabilities
There are no outstanding contingent liabilities as at 31 December 2018, 
nor for the comparative period. 

Balance with related parties, MSEK

Payable to subsidiaries

Total

2018

12.2

12.2

2017

35.2

35.2

The  receivables  or  payables  from  related  parties  arise  from  the  net  of 
purchased services and upstreamed or downstreamed funds between par-
ent and subsidiaries. The interest rates on receivables are in the range of 
LIBOR +4-6% per annum. Receivables are long term in duration and unse-
cured in nature. Payables are short term in duration, unsecured in nature 
and bear no interest.

Note 23, Related party transactions 
In  the  Tethys  Oil  Group,  Tethys  Oil  AB  (publ)  with  organisational  number 
556615-8266 is the parent company. Material subsidiaries include Tethys 
Oil Block 3&4 Limited and Tethys Oil Montasar Limited

Note, 24 Subsequent events
Tethys  Oil’s  share  of  the  production,  before  government  take,  from 
Blocks 3&4  amounted  during  January  and  February  2019  to  380,340 
and  326,656  barrels  of  oil,  respectively,  corresponding  to  12,269  and 
11,666 barrels of oil per day, respectively.

During the year, the Company entered into the following significant transac-
tions with related parties:

Transactions with subsidiaries, MSEK

Interest income

Other income

Dividends received

Group contributions

Shareholder contributions

Total

Balance with related parties, MSEK

Receivable from subsidiaries

Total

2018

15.6

9.7

230.1

–

-0.0

255.4

2018

222.0

222.0

2017

15.0

10.9

126.5

–

-2.9

149.5

2017

355.6

355.6

Tethys  Oil  announced  on  23  December  2018  an  agreement  to  acquire  a 
two percent participating interest in Block 53 onshore Oman from Total E&P 
Oman, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Total S.A, for a cash consideration of 
MUSD 32 with an effective date of 1 January 2018 with customary cash 
adjustment to be made at closing. The closing of the acquisition was sub-
ject to government approval and the waiver of partner pre-emption rights. 
Tethys Oil announced on 25 January 2019 that partner pre-emption rights 
had been exercised, and as a result, Tethys Oil will not be able to complete 
the transaction.

62

 
 
 
Assurance

The Board of Directors and the managing director declare that the 
consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accord-
ance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU  and  give  a  true  and  fair 
view  of  the  Group’s  financial  position  and  results  of  operations. 
The  financial  statements  of  the  parent  company  have  been  pre-
pared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles 
in Sweden and give a true and fair view of the parent company’s 

financial position and results of operations. The statutory Admin-
istration Report of the Group and the parent company provides 
a  fair  review  of  the  development  of  the  Group’s  and  the  parent 
company’s operations, financial position and results of operations 
and  describes  material  risks  and  uncertainties  facing  the  parent 
company and the companies included in the Group.

Stockholm, 3 April 2019

Geoffrey Turbott 
Chairman of the board

Rob Anderson 
Director

Magnus Nordin 
Managing Director

Alexandra Herger 
Director

Per Seime 
Director

Auditor’s endorsement

Our audit report was submitted on 3 April 2019.
PricewaterhouseCoopers AB

Ulrika Ramsvik 
Authorized Public Accountant
Lead Partner

Bo Hjalmarsson 
Authorized Public Accountant

63

 
Auditor’s report

To the general meeting of the shareholders of Tethys Oil AB (publ), corporate identity number 556615-8266

Report on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts

Opinions
We have audited the annual accounts and consolidated accounts 
of Tethys Oil AB (publ) for the year 2018. The annual accounts 
and consolidated accounts of the company are included on pages 
35–63 in this document.

In our opinion, the annual accounts have been prepared in accord-
ance with the Annual Accounts Act and present fairly, in all mate-
rial  respects,  the  financial  position  of  parent  company  and  the 
group as of 31 December 2018 and its financial performance and 
cash flow for the year then ended in accordance with the Annual 
Accounts  Act.  The  consolidated  accounts  have  been  prepared  in 
accordance  with  the  Annual  Accounts  Act  and  present  fairly,  in 
all material respects, the financial position of the group as of 31 
December  2018  and  their  financial  performance  and  cash  flow 
for the year then ended in accordance with International Finan-
cial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the EU, and the 
Annual Accounts Act. The statutory administration report is con-
sistent  with  the  other  parts  of  the  annual  accounts  and  consoli-
dated accounts.

We therefore recommend that the general meeting of sharehold-
ers adopts the income statement and balance sheet for the parent 
company and the group.

Our opinions in this report on the annual accounts and consoli-
dated accounts are consistent with the content of the additional 
report  that  has  been  submitted  to  the  parent  company’s  audit 
committee in accordance with the Audit Regulation (537/2014) 
Article 11.

Basis for Opinions
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Stand-
ards on Auditing (ISA) and generally accepted auditing standards 
in Sweden. Our responsibilities under those standards are further 
described  in  the  Auditor’s  Responsibilities  section.  We  are  inde-
pendent of the parent company and the group in accordance with 
professional  ethics  for  accountants  in  Sweden  and  have  other-
wise fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements. This includes that, based on the best of our knowl-
edge  and  belief,  no  prohibited  services  referred  to  in  the  Audit 
Regulation  (537/2014)  Article  5.1  have  been  provided  to  the 
audited company or, where applicable, its parent company or its 
controlled companies within the EU.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions.

Our audit approach
Audit scope
Tethys  Oil  is  a  Swedish  Oil  and  Gas  company  with  its  primary 
operations located in Oman. The operations in Oman represented 
100% of the group’s revenue for the financial year 2018 and 69% 
of the group’s assets as per 31 December 2018. We designed our 
audit by determining materiality and assessing the risks of mate-
rial misstatement in the consolidated financial statements. In par-
ticular, we considered where the management and the Managing 
Director made subjective judgements; for example, in respect of 
significant  accounting  estimates  that  involved  making  assump-
tions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. 
As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management 
override of internal controls, including among other matters con-
sideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a 
risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

We tailored the scope of our audit in order to perform sufficient 
work to enable us to provide an opinion on the consolidated finan-
cial statements as a whole, taking into account the structure of the 
Group, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in 
which the Group operates.

Our planning of the audit included an assessment of the level of 
audit  work  to  be  performed  at  the  group’s  headquarters  and  at 
local offices. Following the group’s organisation certain processes 
for accounting and financial reporting are performed outside the 
group’s headquarter which means that we as a group audit team 
performed our audit work at the group’s headquarters but we also 
obtained  reporting  from  specified  procedures  performed  by  our 
audit team in Oman. 

We have reported the results from our procedures to management 
and the Audit Committee after the review of the Report for the 
nine months period ended 30 September, 2018 and after the year-
end audit of the financial year 2018.

Materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of mate-
riality. An audit is designed to obtain reasonable assurance whether 
the financial statements are free from material misstatement. Mis-
statements  may  arise  due  to  fraud  or  error.  They  are  considered 
material if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the 
basis of the consolidated financial statements.

Based  on  our  professional  judgement,  we  determined  certain 
quantitative thresholds for materiality, including the overall group 

64

materiality  for  the  consolidated  financial  statements  as  a  whole. 
These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to deter-
mine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of 
our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements, 
both individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as 
a whole.

Key audit matters
Key audit matters of the audit are those matters that, in our pro-
fessional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
annual accounts and consolidated accounts of the current period. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of, and 
in  forming  our  opinion  thereon,  the  annual  accounts  and  con-
solidated accounts as a whole, but we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters.

Key audit matter
Recoverability of the carrying value of oil and gas 
properties
The  carrying  value  of  oil  and  gas  properties  amounted  to 
$200.0 million as per 31 December 2018 and the major part 
represented by the producing assets in Blocks 3&4 in Oman. 
The  oil  and  gas  properties  relating  to  Blocks  3&4  in  Oman 
amounted to $194.0 million by 31 December 2018.

During  the  year  management  follows  a  process  to  identify 
potential indicators of impairment and to the extent that indi-
cators are identified impairment tests are prepared.

The carrying value of oil and gas properties is supported by the 
higher of either value in use calculations or fair value less cost 
of disposal (recoverable amount). 

The assessment to identify potential impairment indicators and 
to perform impairment tests requires management to exercise 
significant judgement where there is a risk that the valuation of 
oil and gas properties and any potential impairment charge or 
reversal of impairment may be incorrect.

Management’s test requires consideration of a number of fac-
tors, including but not limited to, the Group’s intention to pro-
ceed with a future work programme, the probability of success 
of future drilling, the size of proved, probable reserves as well 
as prospective resources, short and long term oil prices, future 
costs as well as the discount and inflation rates. 

Following  the  analysis  of  potential  impairment  indicators 
for  Blocks 3&4  in  it  was  concluded  that  no  impairment  was 
recorded.

Refer  to  pages  38  in  the  Directors’  report,  page  51  in  the 
Accounting  Policies  and  note  2  and  8  in  the  financial  state-
ments for more information.

How our audit addressed the Key audit matter
We have audited management’s assessment for determining the 
impairment indicators and concluded that there are no impair-
ment indicators identified.

The  assumptions  that  underpin  management’s  assessment  are 
inherently judgmental. Our audit work therefore assessed the 
reasonableness of management’s key judgements of the recov-
erable amount of Blocks 3&4. Specifically our work included, 
but was not limited to, the following procedures:

•  comparison  of  management’s  short-term  oil  price  assump-

tions against external oil price forward curves;

•  comparison  of  long-term  oil  price  assumptions  against 
views  published  by  brokers,  economists,  consultancies  and 
respected  industry  bodies,  which  provided  a  range  of  rel-
evant third-party data points;

•  reconciliation  of  hydrocarbon  production  profiles  to  the 
combination  of  proved  and  probable  reserves  from  reserve 
reports  from  ERC  Equipoise  Limited  and  contingent 
resources estimates prepared by in-house reservoir engineer;
•  verification of estimated future costs by agreement to budg-

ets and where applicable, third party data; 

•  benchmarking of inflation and discount rates applied; 
•  testing of the mathematical accuracy of the model 

We have obtained the estimation of proven and probable reserves 
and contingent resources certified by the group’s external reserves 
auditor and management’s in-house estimation of contingent 
resources. Our work included but was not limited to:

•  determining that the group’s process for collecting relevant 

reports were sufficiently robust; 

•  assessing  competence  and  objectivity  of  reserves  audi-
tor  ERC  Equipoise  Limited,  to  satisfy  ourselves  they  were 
appropriately qualified to carry out the volumes estimation;
•  assessing the process for making in-house estimates of pro-

spective resources;

•  validation of that the updated reserves and resources estimates 
were included appropriately in management’s consideration 
of impairment and in accounting for depletion charges.

65

Other Information than the annual accounts and 
consolidated accounts
This  document  also  contains  other  information  than  the  annual 
accounts and consolidated accounts and is found on pages 1–19 
and  26–34.  Other  information  those  not  include  the  Financial 
statements, consolidated accounts and our audit report related to 
the Financial statements. The Board of Directors and the Manag-
ing Director are responsible for this other information. 

Our  opinion  on  the  annual  accounts  and  consolidated  accounts 
does not cover this other information and we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion regarding this other information.

In connection with our audit of the annual accounts and consoli-
dated accounts, our responsibility is to read the information iden-
tified  above  and  consider  whether  the  information  is  materially 
inconsistent with the annual accounts and consolidated accounts. 
In this procedure we also take into account our knowledge oth-
erwise obtained in the audit and assess whether the information 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If we, based on the work performed concerning this information, 
conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other infor-
mation, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to 
report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the Board of Director’s and the 
Managing Director
The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsi-
ble  for  the  preparation  of  the  annual  accounts  and  consolidated 
accounts  and  that  they  give  a  fair  presentation  in  accordance 
with the Annual Accounts Act and, concerning the consolidated 
accounts,  in  accordance  with  IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU.  The 
Board of Directors and the Managing Director are also responsible 
for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable 

the preparation of annual accounts and consolidated accounts that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the annual accounts and consolidated accounts, The 
Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for 
the assessment of the company’s and the group’s ability to continue 
as a going concern. They disclose, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting. 
The going concern basis of accounting is however not applied if 
the Board of Directors and the Managing Director intend to liqui-
date the company, to cease operations, or has no realistic alterna-
tive but to do so.

The  Audit  Committee  shall,  without  prejudice  to  the  Board  of 
Director’s responsibilities and tasks in general, among other things 
oversee the company’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s responsibility
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the annual accounts and consolidated accounts as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to 
issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinions.  Reasonable 
assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs and generally accepted 
auditing  standards  in  Sweden  will  always  detect  a  material  mis-
statement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or 
error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggre-
gate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of these annual accounts and 
consolidated accounts.

A  further  description  of  our  responsibility  for  the  audit  of  the 
annual  accounts  and  consolidated  accounts  is  available  on  Revi-
sorsinspektionen’s  website:  www.revisorsinspektionen.se/revisorn-
sansvar. This description is part of the auditor’s report.

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements

Opinions
In addition to our audit of the annual accounts and consolidated 
accounts, we have also audited the administration of the Board of 
Director’s  and  the  Managing  Director  of Tethys  Oil  AB  for  the 
year 2018 and the proposed appropriations of the company’s profit 
or loss.

We  recommend  to  the  general  meeting  of  shareholders  that  the 
profit be appropriated in accordance with the proposal in the stat-
utory administration report and that the members of the Board of 
Director’s and the Managing Director be discharged from liability 
for the financial year.

Basis for Opinions
We  conducted  the  audit  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
auditing  standards  in  Sweden.  Our  responsibilities  under  those 

standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  Responsibilities 
section. We are independent of the parent company and the group 
in accordance with professional ethics for accountants in Sweden 
and have otherwise fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in accord-
ance with these requirements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions.

Responsibilities of the Board of Director’s and the 
Managing Director
The Board of Directors is responsible for the proposal for appro-
priations  of  the  company’s  profit  or  loss.  At  the  proposal  of  a 
dividend, this includes an assessment of whether the dividend is 
justifiable considering the requirements which the company’s and 
the group’s type of operations, size and risks place on the size of 

66

the parent company’s and the group’ equity, consolidation require-
ments, liquidity and position in general.

•  in any other way has acted in contravention of the Companies 
Act, the Annual Accounts Act or the Articles of Association.

The Board of Directors is responsible for the company’s organiza-
tion and the administration of the company’s affairs. This includes 
among other things continuous assessment of the company’s and 
the  group’s  financial  situation  and  ensuring  that  the  company’s 
organization is designed so that the accounting, management of 
assets and the company’s financial affairs otherwise are controlled 
in  a  reassuring  manner.  The  Managing  Director  shall  manage 
the  ongoing  administration  according  to  the  Board  of  Direc-
tors’  guidelines  and  instructions  and  among  other  matters  take 
measures that are necessary to fulfill the company’s accounting in 
accordance  with  law  and  handle  the  management  of  assets  in  a 
reassuring manner.

Auditor’s responsibility
Our  objective  concerning  the  audit  of  the  administration,  and 
thereby  our  opinion  about  discharge  from  liability,  is  to  obtain 
audit  evidence  to  assess  with  a  reasonable  degree  of  assurance 
whether any member of the Board of Directors or the Managing 
Director in any material respect:

•  has undertaken any action or been guilty of any omission which 

can give rise to liability to the company, or

Our objective concerning the audit of the proposed appropriations 
of  the  company’s  profit  or  loss,  and  thereby  our  opinion  about 
this, is to assess with reasonable degree of assurance whether the 
proposal is in accordance with the Companies Act.

Reasonable  assurance  is  a  high  level  of  assurance,  but  is  not  a 
guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted auditing standards in Sweden will always detect actions 
or omissions that can give rise to liability to the company, or that 
the proposed appropriations of the company’s profit or loss are not 
in accordance with the Companies Act.

A  further  description  of  our  responsibility  for  the  audit  of  the 
administration  is  available  on  Revisorsinspektionen’s  website: 
www.revisorsinspektionen.se/revisornsansvar.  This  description  is 
part of the auditor’s report.

PricewaterhouseCoopers  AB,  405  32  Göteborg,  was  appointed 
auditor of Tethys Oil AB by the general meeting of the sharehold-
ers on the 9 maj 2018 and has been the company’s auditor since 
the 2001. The company has been listed at NasdaqOMX since the 
2 May 2013.

Stockholm, 3 April 2019

PricewaterhouseCoopers AB

Ulrika Ramsvik
Authorized Public Accountant
Lead Partner

Bo Hjalmarsson
Authorized Public Accountant

Financial information

The company plans to publish the following financial reports:
Three month report 2019 (January – March 2019) on 7 May 2019
Six month report 2019 (January – June 2019) on 13 August 2019
Nine month report 2019 (January – September 2019) on 5 November 2019
Year-end report 2019 (January – December 2019) on 11 February 2020

67

Address

Corporate Head Office

Tethys Oil AB (publ)
Hovslagargatan 5B
SE-111 48  Stockholm 
Sweden

Telephone: +46 8 505 947 00 
Fax: +46 8 505 947 99
E-mail: info@tethysoil.com

www.tethysoil.com

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