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Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd

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FY2017 Annual Report · Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd
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COMPANY NUMBER 03508592 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2017 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

STATUTORY AND OTHER INFORMATION 

EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE 
SCIENCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

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25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATUTORY AND OTHER INFORMATION 

Directors: 

Secretary: 

Registered Office: 

Principal Bankers: 

Auditors: 

Mr G. M. A. Cerrone 
Dr R. Dalla-Favera 
Dr K. Shailubhai 
Mr W. Simon 
Mr L Zambeletti 

Mr P J. Cooper FCA 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB 

Allied Irish Bank, Ealing Cross, 85 Uxbridge Road, London, 
W5 5TH 

Mazars  LLP,  Tower  Bridge  House,  St  Katharine’s  Way, 
London, E1W 1DD 

Nominated Advisors: 

Cairn  Financial  Advisers LLP,  62-63  Cheapside,  London, 
EC2V 6AX 

Nominated Brokers: 

Stockdale 100 Wood Street, London EC2V 7AN 

Solicitors: 

Registrars:  

Cooley  (UK)  LLP,  Dashwood,  69,  Old  Broad  Street, 
London, EC2M 1QS 

Link Asset Services, The Registry, 34 Beckenham Road, 
Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

I am pleased to report on the Company and its subsidiaries, together the ‘Group’, results for the year ended 31st 
December 2017. 

Background 

Tiziana  Life  Sciences  plc  is  a  UK  AIM-listed  biotechnology  company  (AIM:TILS)  focused  on  the  discovery  and 
development of next generation therapeutics for cancers and immune diseases in man. The Group combines field-
leading medical scientists, providing deep knowledge and novel insights into disease mechanisms, together with a 
highly experienced clinical development team. Since its foundation in 2013, Tiziana Life Sciences has expanded its 
pipeline of assets to include clinical stage development therapeutic candidates in both oncology and immunology, 
as well as a pre-clinical drug discovery pipeline of small molecule New Chemical Entities.  

Clinical Programmes 

The Group’s approach is to target large markets with high-unmet medical need. Driven by an obesity epidemic, 
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease, affecting one-third of the 
Western world. Between 3 and 5% of NAFLD patients develop to a more severe form of disease, known as non-
alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a progressive disease associated with chronic inflammation, fibrosis and 
cirrhosis.  Based  on  data  from  US  adult  Liver  Transplant  (LT)  databases,  since  2004  the  number  of  adults  with 
NASH awaiting LTs has almost tripled. In 2013, NASH became the second-leading disease among liver transplant 
waitlist registrants, after the Hepatitis C virus.  It is predicted that NASH may become the leading cause of liver 
transplantation in USA by 2020.  

The  race  for  therapeutics that  address the market  for  NASH,  which  is  estimated  to  reach  £16.2  billion by  2025 
(10.7%  CAGR  from 2015  to  2025),  has led  to  a  flurry  of  acquisitive  activity  in  2016  with  four  announced  deals, 
totalling more than £2.3 billion in value. Around 20% of NASH patients progress further to cirrhosis of the liver, 
which  may  ultimately  develop  into  lethal  hepatocellular  carcinoma  (HCC),  the  primary  cause  of  obesity-related 
cancer death in middle-aged men in the USA. Liver transplant is the only effective option for end-stage patients, 
including HCC patients. More effective therapeutic agents to treat HCC are needed. Currently approved therapeutic 
agents are marginally effective and have significant safety issues. 

Tiziana Life Sciences has two lead clinical programmes, Foralumab and Milciclib: 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foralumab (TZLS-401 / NI-0401) 

Foralumab is a fully human engineered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAB). It was in-licensed in December 2014 
from Novimmune. Also in January 2016, Tiziana outlined its clinical development plan for Foralumab with initial 
plans  to  evaluate  Foralumab  in  two  clinical  indications:  non-alcoholic  steatohepatitis  (NASH)  and  inflammatory 
bowel disease (IBD).  

As  the  only  fully  human  engineered  human  anti-CD3  mAB  in  clinical  development,  Foralumab  has  significant 
potential  with  advantages  of  short  duration  of  treatment  regimen  and  reduced  immunogenicity.  With  Phase  IIa 
development for Crohn’s Disease completed dosed by the intravenous route of administration, modulation of T-cell 
response provides potential extension into a wide range of other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as 
GvHD, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, type-1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis and 
rheumatoid arthritis.  

Foralumab  is  being  developed  as  both  an  immunosuppressive  and  immunomodulatory  agent,  with  therapeutic 
benefits of  rendering  T-cells  unable to  orchestrate  an  immune  response  and  induction  of  immune  tolerance  via 
maintenance  of  regulatory  T-cells.  There  is  further  potential  for  Foralumab  to  be  combined  with  another  of  the 
Group’s assets, TZLS-501, a fully human anti-IL-6R mAB in development to target autoimmune and inflammatory 
diseases. 

In November 2016, the Group announced new data for oral efficacy in humanized mouse models with Foralumab, 
a major milestone and a potential breakthrough for treatment of NASH and autoimmune disease. This unique oral 
technology stimulates the natural gut immune system and potentially provides a therapeutic effect in inflammatory 
and autoimmune diseases with apparently greatly reduced toxicity. Positive therapeutic effects with Foralumab were 
consistently demonstrated in animal studies conducted by Prof. Kevan Herold (Yale University) and Prof. Howard 
Weiner (Harvard University). 

On April 16, 2018 we entered into an exclusive license agreement with The Brigham and Women’s Hosptial, Inc. 
relating  to  a  novel  formulation  of  Foralumab  in  a  medical  device  for  nasal  administration.  We  expect  to  file  an 
investigational new drug application for the first-in-human evaluation of the nasal administration of Foralumab in 
healthy  volunteers  in  Q2  2018  and  commence  a  trial  to  evaluate  biomarkers  of  immunomodulation  of  clinical 
responses in Q3 2018. 

Milciclib (TZLS-201) 

Milciclib, the Group’s lead compound, was exclusively licenced in January 2015 from Nerviano Medical Sciences. 
Milciclib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule broad spectrum inhibitor of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs): 1, 
2, 4, 5 and 7 and Src family kinases. Cyclin dependent kinases are a family of highly conserved enzymes that are 
involved in regulating the cell cycle, which is a series of events that takes place in cells leading to division and 
duplication  of  its  DNA  to  produce  two  daughter  cells.  Src  family  kinases  regulate  cell  growth  and  potential 
transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. A unique feature of Milciclib is its ability to reduce microRNAs, miR-
221  and  miR-222,  that silence  gene expression.  miR-221 and  miR-222 promote  the  formation  of blood  vessels 
(angiogenesis)  that  are  important  for  spread  of  cancer  cells  (metastasis).  Levels  of  these  microRNAs  are 
consistently increased in HCC patients and may contribute towards resistance to treatment with sorafenib. As a 
result, we are investigating Milciclib both as a monotherapy and plan a combination treatment with sorafenib.  

To date, Milciclib has been studied in a total of seven completed and ongoing Phase I and Phase II clinical trials in 
285  patients.  In these  trials, Milciclib  was  observed  to  be well-tolerated  and showed  initial signals  of  anti-tumor 
action. Prior to in-licensing, Milciclib was granted orphan designation by the European Commission and by the U.S. 
Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of malignant thymoma and the more aggressive form of 
thymic carcinoma in patients previously treated with chemotherapy. In two, Phase IIa trials, CDKO-125a-006 and 
CDKO125a-007, Milciclib showed signs of slowing disease progression and acceptable safety. 

We initiated a Phase IIa trial (CDKO-125a-010) of Milciclib safety and tolerability as a single therapy in patients with 
HCC in the first half of 2017 and are continuing enrolment in Q2 2018. We expect to initiate a Phase IIb trial (TZLS 
(201)-125a-011) for Milciclib in combination with sorafenib (the standard of care for treatment of HCC) in patients 
with HCC in 2018. 

We have recently announced that the Independent Data Monitor committee (IDMC) completed a second, interim 
analysis of tolerability data from the first eleven treated patients and recommended expansion of the initial cohort 
to continue enrolment of an additional 20 patients to complete the trial. 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-Clinical Programmes 

In pre-clinical development, the Group has two programmes: 

TZLS-501 (Anti-IL6R) 

TZLS-501  is  a  fully  human  engineered  mAb  targeting  the  interleukin-6  receptor  (IL-6R).  Tiziana  Life  Sciences 
licensed the intellectual property from Novimmune in January 2017. This fully human mAb has a unique mechanism 
of action, binding to both the membrane-bound and soluble forms of the IL-6R and depleting circulating levels of 
the IL-6 in the blood. An excessive production of IL-6 is regarded as a key driver of chronic inflammation, associated 
with autoimmune diseases such as multiple myeloma, oncology indications and rheumatoid arthritis, and we believe 
that TZLS-501 may have potential therapeutic value for these indications. 

In preclinical studies, TZLS-501 demonstrated the potential for overcoming the limitations of other IL-6 pathway 
drugs.  Compared  to  tocilizumab  and  sarilumab,  TZLS-501  has  been  observed  to  have  a  higher  affinity  for  the 
soluble  IL-6  receptor  from  antibody  binding  studies  conducted  in  cell  culture.  TZLS-501  also  demonstrated  the 
potential to block or reduce IL-6 signaling in mouse models of inflammation. The soluble form of IL-6 has been 
implicated to have a larger role in disease progression compared to the receptor bound form (Kallen, K.J. (2002). 
“The role of transsignalling via the agonistic soluble IL-6 receptor in human diseases”. Biochimica et Biophysica 
Acta. 1592 (3): 323–343.). 

StemPrinter 

StemPrintER is a multi-gene signature assay intended for use in patients diagnosed with estrogen-receptor positive 
ER+/HER2 negative breast cancers. We believe this in-vitro prognostic test will be used in conjunction with clinical 
evaluation to identify those patients at increased risk for early and/or late metastasis. StemPrintER is designed to 
help physicians distinguish ER+/HER2 negative patients: 

■  with an elevated risk of early recurrence (<5 years) who could benefit from chemotherapy in addition 

to hormonal therapy 

■  with a high risk of late recurrence who could benefit from prolonged endocrine treatment up to 10 

years 

■  with a low risk of early recurrence who might be spared chemotherapy or be eligible for less 

aggressive treatments 

Our diagnostic has a unique biological basis, being based on the detection of cancer stem cell markers, uses a 
reliable platform  (qRT-  PCR,  FFPE),  and  has  been evaluated  in  an initial  retrospective  validation  study  using a 
consecutive cohort of approximately 2,400 patients with breast cancer. The development team is preparing for a 
retrospective validation study using an independent cohort and has conducted a pre- submission meeting with the 
FDA. 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial summary 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

The  Group  has  made  a  loss  for  the  year  of  £6,770k  (2016:  £7,208k).    The  loss  is  detailed  in  the  consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income on page 18. 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

At the end of the year the Group cash balance amounted to £48k (2016: £4,703k) and the total assets of the Group 
amounted to £1,831k (2016: £5,051k). 

Fund raising 

In the period, the Group successfully raised funds to further progress its on-going clinical trials and give the Group 
the resources to expand its presence internationally. 

On  23th  March  2017,  Tiziana  received  a  notification  from  warrant  holders  to  exercise  warrants  over  1,789,524 
ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 32p per share, providing the Company with gross proceeds 
of £572,648. All "B" series warrants have now been exercised. 

On  20th  November  2017,  Tiziana  announced  that  it  had  raised  £150,000  in  cash  by  the  issue  of  100,000  new 
ordinary shares at a price of 150p per share, each new ordinary share having a warrant attached entitling the holder 
to subscribe for one new ordinary share at a price of 160p per share, exercisable until 24 November 2022. 

On 27th November 2017, Tiziana announced that it had raised £275,000 by the issue of 183,333 new ordinary 
shares  at  a  price  of  150p  per  share,  with  each  issued  Share  having  a  warrant  attached  entitling  the  holder  to 
subscribe for one new ordinary share at an exercise price of 160p per share, exercisable until 11 December 2022. 

On 15th December 2017, Tiziana announced that it had raised £200,000 through the issue of 133,333 new ordinary 
shares at a price of 150p per share. Each issued Share has a warrant attached entitling the holder to subscribe for 
one  new  ordinary  share  at  an  exercise  price  of  160p  per  share,  exercisable  until  15  December  2022.  Fees  in 
connection  with  the  placing  are  to  be satisfied  through  the  issue  of  an  additional  31,667  warrants  on  the  same 
terms. 

Funds  raised  by  Tiziana  were  used  to  fund  the  development  of  the  Group's  clinical  stage  assets,  Milciclib  and 
Foralumab, to meet the Group's ongoing liabilities in respect of licence agreements, and for general working capital 
purposes.  

Research & Development 

In early 2018 Tiziana outlined its clinical development plan for Foralumab with initial plans to evaluate Foralumab 
in two clinical indications; namely non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and IDB. Foralumab is the only fully human 
anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody currently in development for the modulation of autoimmune disease. 

The Company’s small molecule drug candidate, milciclib, completed two, Phase II atrials for thymic carcinoma  and 
thymoma  in patients previously treated with chemotherapy and showed signs of slowing disease progression and 
acceptable safety. 

Appointments 

Management team  

Dr Kunwar Shailubhai 

On 12th June 2017, Dr Kunwar Shailubhai (Shailu) was appointed as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific 
Officer with immediate effect. Dr Shailubhai was previously a Non-Executive Director at the Company. 

Dr  Shailubhai  has  extensive  experience  within  the  sector,  drawing  on  30  years  of  experience  in  research  and 
development of drug candidates for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory diseases and cancers. His 
appointment follows many years working at Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc (SGYP: NASDAQ), which he co-founded 
and where he served as chief scientific officer since 2008. 

His  pioneering  research  programme  culminated  in  the  development  of  the  drug  Trulance™  (plecanatide)  which 
received  FDA  approval  in  January,  2017  for  the  treatment  of  adults  with  chronic  idiopathic  constipation.  A 
supplemental new drug application has been submitted for FDA review of Trulance for the treatment of adults with 
irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Prior to joining Tiziana Life Sciences and Synergy Life Sciences, 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
he worked at Callisto Pharmaceuticals, Monsanto Company and as a senior staff fellow at the National Institutes of 
Health (NIH). 

Scientific Advisory Board 

On the 14th of March 2017, the Group announced the addition of Dr Arun Sanyal to the Scientific Advisory Board.  

Dr Sanyal is the professor of medicine, physiology & molecular pathology at the Virginia Commonwealth University 
School  of  Medicine,  and  his  work  has  been    focused  on  liver  cirrhosis,  non-alcoholic  steatohepatitis  and  non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease throughout his medical career.  

Non-Executive Director 

On 4th April, 2018, the Group announced the addition of  Mr Leopoldo Zambeletti as a non-executive director with 
responsibility for strategic development. Mr Zambeletti will also chair the Nomination Committee. 

During a 19 year career as an investment banker, Mr Zambeletti led the European Healthcare Investment Banking 
team at J.P. Morgan for eight years before taking up the same position at Credit Suisse for a further five years. 
Since 2013 he has been an independent strategic advisor to life science companies on merger and acquisitions, 
out-licensing deals and financing strategy. He is a non-executive director of, Qardio Inc., Summit Therapeutics plc, 
Nogra Pharma Limited, Faron Pharmaceuticals OY and DS Biopharma Limited. Mr. Zambeletti started his career 
at KPMG as an auditor. Mr. Zambeletti received a B.A. in Business from Bocconi University in Milan, Italy. He serves 
as a trustee to Barts and the London Charity, which helps to fund the hospitals of the Barts NHS Trust including St 
Bartholomew, the Royal London and the London Chest Hospitals. He is the founder of the cultural initiative 5x5 
Italy. 

Outlook 

We  have  continued  to  progress  our  pipeline  of  drugs  to  treat  rare  cancers  and  difficult  to  treat  autoimmune 
inflammatory diseases. 

We have outlined our clinical development plan for Foralumab with initial plans to evaluate Foralumab in two clinical 
indications: graft vs. host disease and NASH. The IND for nasal administration for neurodegenerative diseases is 
anticipated to be submitted by end of the second quarter in FY18. The IND for oral administration is anticipated to 
be submitted in the second half of FY18. 

Milciclib is currently in phase II clinical trials for thymic carcinoma (thymoma) in patients previously treated with 
chemotherapy,  and  for  hepatocellular  carcinoma.  We  have  also  completed  Phase  I  of  our  HCC  combination 
treatment with Sorafenib and plan to move to Phase II in the near future. 

Looking forward, we are confident of being well positioned to progress these programmes to their next respective 
value inflection points. 

Gabriele Cerrone 

Executive Chairman 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Business review 

A review of the business, its results and outlook is included in the Executive Chairman’s Statement on page 2. 

Key performance indicators 

The Board monitors the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that it considers appropriate for the industry and stage 
of  development  of  the  Group.    The  Group  is  a  research  and  development  based  biotechnology  concern  with  a 
number of pre-clinical and clinical assets.  These assets require sufficient investment to reach defined milestones 
by which the Group and its investors can judge the chances of ultimate success and thereby the value of the Group.  
At this stage of Group development significant sources of revenue generation are unlikely and the Group is cash 
consuming.  The Group KPIs are therefore chosen to monitor the progress of the individual scientific programmes, 
the external market environment for the potential drugs being developed and the cash requirements of the Group. 

Financial KPIs 

Cash consumption 
The  cash  position  of  the  business  is  measured  on  a  continual  basis  with  reference  both  to  the  general  and 
administrative expenses required to run the Group, and more particularly to the cash required for ongoing research, 
development and acquisition of the Group’s scientific assets.  During 2017 the main use of the Group’s funds was 
progressing Phase II for Miciclib on single agent trials, involving recruitment of patients across different countries 
(Italy,  Greece  and  Israel),  and  progressing  Foralumab  for  oral  and  nasal  application.  The  Company  has  also 
continued to fund the continuation of the StemPrinter project in anticipation of a pre-submission meeting with the 
FDA. 

The Group monitors current and projected cash consumption to ensure that there are sufficient funds available to 
develop the Group’s scientific assets.  The Group successfully raised additional cash during 2017 to fund research 
and development, to meet the Group's ongoing liabilities in respect of licence agreements, and for general working 
capital purposes. The Group maintains a virtual operating model resulting in low cash consumption for general and 
administrative expenses during the period.   

Share price 
The Group monitors its share price to determine whether the market view of the Group’s position and prospects is 
aligned  with  the  view  of  management,  and  to  consider  the  most  appropriate  time  to  raise  further  capital  in  the 
interest of the Group and current shareholders.  The Group re-listed on the AIM Market on 24th April 2014 at a share 
price of 12p per share and ended the financial period at 139p per share.   

Non-financial KPIs 

External (life sciences) market environment 
The Group monitors the life sciences market for a number of factors; 

•  New developments in drug research and development 
•  New medical treatment paradigms 
•  Patent filings by third parties pertinent to the Group’s programmes 
•  Existing and novel drugs in development by third parties 
•  Healthcare regulation and policy in the major territories 
•  Private and public financings of life science companies to indicate investor appetite for life science risk 

The  Group  is  developing  its  scientific  assets  within  the  European  and  US  territories,  but  for  potential  global 
application.  The environment for life science companies was positive throughout the 2017. The Group succeeded 
in its fund raising activity based on the progress made by the business in line with their plans to develop a cross 
section of projects. 

Principal risks and uncertainties  

The Group assesses and monitors the inherent risks in the life sciences industry, as well as other micro and macro-
economic factors that may present risk to the Group’s progression. The Group also considers Group-specific risks 
such as research progress, personnel and operational facilities and collaborations. 

There are significant risks associated with any life science business. The Board believes that the following risks are 
the most significant, however, the risks listed do not necessarily comprise all those associated with an investment 
in the Company. In particular, the Company’s performance may be affected by changes in market or economic 
conditions and in legal, regulatory and / or tax requirements. The risks listed are not set out in any particular order 
of priority and this is not an exhaustive list of risks. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If  any  of  the  following  risks  were  to  materialise,  the  Company’s  business,  financial  condition,  results  or  future 
operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such cases, the Company’s share price may decline and 
an investor may lose part or all of their investment. 

Business risks 

Dependence on key personnel 
The success of the Group, in common with other businesses of a similar size, is dependent on the expertise and 
experience of the Directors, management and key collaborators.  However, the retention of such key personnel 
cannot be guaranteed. Should key personnel leave, the Group’s business, prospects, financial condition or results 
of operations may be materially adversely affected.  

Early stage of operations 
The Group’s operations are at an early stage of development and there can be no guarantee that the Group will be 
able to, or that it will be commercially advantageous for the Group to, develop its proprietary technology and acquire 
scientific assets. Further, the Group has no positive operating cash flow and its ultimate success will depend on the 
Board’s’ ability to implement the Group’s strategy, generate cash flow and access equity markets.  Whilst the Board 
is optimistic about the Group’s prospects, there is no certainty that anticipated outcomes and sustainable revenue 
streams will be achieved. The Group will not generate any material income until commercialisation or licensing of 
its scientific assets has successfully commenced and in the meantime the Group will continue to expend its cash 
reserves.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Group’s  proposed  operations  will  be  profitable  or  produce  a 
reasonable return, if any, on investment. 

Technology and products 
The Group is a drug discovery and development Group. The development and commercialisation of its scientific 
assets, will require research progress and positive results from multiple clinical trials, which by their very nature are 
inherently uncertain.  There is a risk that safety issues may arise when the products are tested. This risk is common 
to all new classes of drugs and, as with all other drug companies, there is a risk that trials may not be successful. 
The Board takes steps to ensure that all research partners adhere to industry standard guidelines. 

Research and development risk 
The Group operates in the life sciences and biopharmaceutical development sector and will be looking to exploit 
opportunities  within  that  sector.  The  Group  is  therefore  involved  in  complex  scientific  research,  and  industry 
experience indicates that there may be a very high incidence of delay or failure to produce results. The Group may 
not  be  able  to  develop  new  products  or  to  identify  specific market  needs  that  can  be  addressed  by  technology 
solutions  developed  by  the  Group.  The  ability  of  the  Group  to  develop  new  technology  relies,  in  part,  on  the 
recruitment  of  appropriately  qualified  staff  as  the  Group  grows,  or  to  identify  and  collaborate  with  high  quality 
scientific teams  and  investigators.  The  Group may  be  unable  to  find  a  sufficient  number  of  appropriately  highly 
trained individuals to satisfy its growth rate which could affect its ability to develop as planned. 

Product development timelines 
Product development timelines are at risk of delay, particularly since it is not always possible to predict the rate of 
patient  recruitment  into  clinical  trials.  There  is  a  risk  therefore  that  product  development could  take  longer  than 
presently  expected;  if such  delays  occur  the  Group may  require  further  working  capital.  The  Group  will  seek  to 
minimise the risk of delays by careful management of projects. 

Uncertainty related to regulatory approvals 
The  Group  will  need  to  obtain  various  regulatory  approvals  and  otherwise  comply  with  extensive  regulations 
regarding safety, quality and efficacy standards in order to market its future products. These regulations, including 
the time required for regulatory review, vary from country to country and can be lengthy, expensive and uncertain.  
While efforts will be made to ensure compliance with government standards, there is no guarantee that any products 
will be able to achieve the necessary regulatory approvals to promote that product in any of the targeted markets 
and any such regulatory approval may include significant restrictions for which the Group's products can be used.  
In addition, the Group may be required to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining its regulatory approvals.  
Delays or failure in obtaining regulatory approval for products would be likely to have a serious adverse effect on 
the  value  of  the  Group  and  have  a  consequent  impact  on  its  financial  performance.  The  Board  takes  steps  to 
mitigate this risk by the appointment of regulatory specialists prior to any regulatory applications. 
Competition 
Technological competition from pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and universities is intense 
and can be  expected  to  increase.   Many  competitors  and potential  competitors  of  the  Group  have  substantially 
greater product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and human resources than the Group.  
The future success of the Group depends, in part, on its ability to maintain a competitive position, including an ability 
to further progress through the necessary pre-clinical and clinical trials towards regulatory approval for sale and 
commercialisation.    Other  companies  may  succeed  in  commercialising  products  earlier  than  the  Group  or  in 
developing products that are more effective than those which may be produced by the Group. While the Group will 
seek  to  develop  its  capabilities  in  order  to  remain  competitive,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  research  and 
development by others will not render the Group’s intellectual property obsolete or uncompetitive.  

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Patents 
The  field  of  pharmaceutical  development  is  highly  litigious.  The  Group’s  priorities  are  to  protect  its  intellectual 
property and seek to avoid infringing other companies’ intellectual property. The Group engages reputable legal 
advisers  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  patent  infringement  and  to  assist  with  the  protection  of  the  Group’s  intellectual 
property.      The  value  of  the  Group's  intellectual  property  is  vulnerable  to  challenge  both  after  and,  in  some 
jurisdictions, before a patent is granted.  As a patent cannot be enforced until it has been granted, the Group will 
be  unable  to  take  action  against  third  parties  who  infringe  its  intellectual  property  unless  and  until  patents  are 
granted. There is a risk that, if granted, the Group’s patents may subsequently be revoked and, if revoked after 
details of the Group’s intellectual property have been made public as part of the patent registration process, there 
would be serious and adverse implications for the value of the Group’s intellectual property. The Board ensures 
that Patents are covering all geographies and any other possible applications of the technology. 

Future funding requirements 
The Group will need to raise additional funding in the future to undertake work beyond that being funded by the 
Group’s  current  cash  reserves.  There is  no certainty  that  this  will  be  possible  at all  or on  acceptable  terms.   In 
addition, the terms of any such financing may be dilutive to, or otherwise adversely affect, existing shareholders.  

General legal and regulatory issues 
The  Group’s  operations  are  subject  to  laws,  regulatory  restrictions  and  certain  governmental  directives, 
recommendations and guidelines relating to, amongst other things, occupational safety, laboratory practice, the use 
and  handling  of  hazardous  materials,  prevention  of  illness  and  injury,  environmental  protection  and  animal  and 
human testing. There can be no assurance that future legislation will not impose further government regulation, 
which may adversely affect the business or financial condition of the Group. 

Currency risk 
The Group holds its cash reserves in UK Sterling. As is the nature of international life science companies, the Group 
has  purchases  and  licensing  agreement  obligations  denominated  in  Euro  and  US  Dollar.    There  is  a  risk  that 
adverse  movements  in  exchange  rates  may  increase  the  currency  liability  in  UK  Sterling.  The  Group  monitors 
currency exchange rates and makes judgments as to whether to enter into currency hedging contracts. Currently 
no such hedging contracts are in place. 

Interest rate risk 
The only significant interest-bearing asset within the Group are the cash reserves, and the only interest bearing 
liability is the convertible loan notes. In the current low interest rate environment the Board does not consider interest 
rate risk to be significant. Should the interest rate environment change or the Group seek to take on interest bearing 
debt the interest rate risk may increase. 

By order of the Board 
Mr G. M. A. Cerrone 
6th June 2018 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB 

9 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

The Directors present their report and the financial statements of the Company and its Group for the year ended 
31st December 2017.  

Results and dividend 

The results of the Group for the year are set out on page 18. No dividends were declared or paid in the year (2016: 
nil). 

Directors 

The directors of the Company who were in office during the year and to the date of these financial statements were: 

Mr Gabriele Cerrone 
Dr Kunwar Shailubhai                       Chief Executive Officer 
Non-Executive Director 
Dr Riccardo Dalla-Favera   
Non-Executive Director, 
Mr Willy Simon 
Non-Executive Director (appointed 4th April 2018)l  
Mr Leopoldo Zambeletti  

Executive Chairman 

Significant shareholdings 

The directors have been notified or are aware of the following interests in 3% or more of the ordinary share capital 
of the company at 31st March 2018: 

Planwise Group Limited* 
Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl 
Maria McGuigan                                                

Ordinary shares 

Number  

Percentage 

          63,297,647                     50.22% 
           4,233,616                       4.49% 
       3.30% 
           3,114,618   

*Mr  Gabriele  Cerrone,  a  director,  is  the  ultimate beneficial owner  of  the  entire  issued share  capital  of  Planwise 
Group Limited. 

Staff policy 

The Group is committed to a policy of recruitment and promotion on the basis of aptitude and ability. Applications 
for employment by disabled persons are given full and fair consideration having regard to their particular aptitudes 
and abilities. Where existing employees become disabled, it is the Group’s policy, wherever possible, to provide 
continuing  employment  under  normal  terms  and  conditions  and  to  provide  training,  career  development  and 
promotion wherever appropriate. 

Corporate governance 

The Board of Directors is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and is accountable to 
the shareholders for the proper corporate governance of the group. The UK Corporate Governance Code does not 
apply to AIM companies, and Tiziana Life Sciences Plc instead aspires to the principles of corporate governance 
set out in the QCA Guidelines. Tiziana Life Sciences Plc operates within the life science sector in an effective and 
efficient  way,  with  integrity  and  due  regard  for  the  interests  of  shareholders  and  applies  principles  of  general 
governance applicable to the size and stage of development of the Group. 

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee of the Board comprises Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Leopoldo Zambeletti (appointed 4th April 2018) 
and Willy Simon. It is chaired by Mr Simon, and is responsible for: 

i. 

ii. 
iii. 

iv. 

Monitoring the quality of internal controls and ensuring the financial performance of the Group is properly 
measured and reported on; 
Consideration of the Directors’ risk assessment and suggesting items for discussion at the full Board; 
Receipt and review of reports from the Company's management and auditors relating to the interim and 
annual accounts, including a review of accounting policies, accounting treatment and disclosures in the 
financial reports; 
Consideration  of  the  accounting  and  internal  control  systems  in  use  throughout  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries; and 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v. 

Overseeing the Company’s relationship with external auditors, including making recommendations to the 
Board  as  to  the  appointment  or  re-appointment  of  the  external  auditors,  reviewing  their  terms  of 
engagement, and monitoring the external auditors’ independence, objectivity and effectiveness. 

The audit committee meets not less than twice in each financial year and has unrestricted access to the Company's 
auditors. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee of the Board comprises Riccardo Dalla-Favera and Leopoldo Zambeletti (appointed 
4th April 2018). It is chaired by Mr Dalla-Favera, and is responsible for: 

i. 
ii. 

iii. 

The review of the performance of the executive directors; 
Recommendations  to  the  Board  on  matters  relating  to  the  remuneration  and  terms  of  service  of  the 
executive directors; and 
Recommendations to the Board on proposals for the granting of share options and other equity incentives 
pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time. 

In  making  their  recommendations  the  Remuneration  Committee  will  have  due  regard  to  the  interests  of  the 
Shareholders and the performance of the Company. 

Statement of directors’ responsibilities  

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Directors’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company Law requires the directors to prepare group and company financial statements for each financial year. 
The directors are required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange to prepare group financial statements 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) 
and have elected to prepare the Company financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU. 

Under Company Law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the Group and the financial performance and 
cash flows of the Group for that year. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:  

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether in preparation of the Group and Company financial statements the Group and Company has 
complied with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the Group financial statements; 
prepare the accounts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company 
will continue in business. 

• 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible 
for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors Indemnity 

The Company’s Articles of Association provide, subject to the provisions of UK legislation, an indemnity for directors 
and officers of the Company in respect of liabilities they may incur in the discharge of their duties or in the exercise 
of their powers, including any liabilities relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them which relate 
to  anything  done  or  omitted, or  alleged  to  have been  done  or omitted,  by  them as  officers  or  employees  of  the 
Company. 

Appropriate directors and officer’s liability insurance cover is in place in respect of all Company directors. 

11 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Disclosure of Information to Auditors 

So  far  as  the  Directors  are  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  company’s  auditors  are 
unaware, and they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to make themselves 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditors are aware of that information 

Auditors 

Mazars LLP were appointed as auditors in the year and have indicated their willingness to continue in office. In 
accordance with section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that Mazars LLP be reappointed 
as auditors of the company will be put to the Annual General Meeting.  

Future developments 

The Executive Chairman’s Statement on pages 2 to 6 provides a summary of future developments of the Group. 

Research and development activities 

The research and development activities of the Group are described in the Executive Chairman’s Statement on 
page 2 to 6. 

Post balance sheet events 

Subsequent to the year end the Group announced that it had entered into an exclusive license agreement for novel 
technology  discovered  by  Dr  Howard  Weiner  at  the  Brigham  and  Women's  Hospital  ("BWH"),  Harvard Medical 
School. Details of the events can be found in the Executive Chairman’s Statement on pages 2 to 6 and at Note 26 
to the financial statements. 

The group has also raised £1.6 million by the issue of 1,797,917 new ordinary shares subsequent to the period end. 

Financial instruments 

The use of financial instruments is considered by the Board and the exposure of the Group to price, credit, liquidity 
and cash flow risks are considered.  Details of the risks and mitigation can be found in the Strategic Report on 
pages 7 to 9, and at note 21 to the financial statements. 

By order of the Board 
Mr Gabriele Cerrone 

6th June 2018 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB 

12 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor's Report to the members of Tiziana Life Sciences PLC 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of Tiziana Life Sciences Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries 
(the ‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2017 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income, the consolidated and company statements of financial position, the consolidated and company statements 
of cash flows, the consolidated and company statements of changes in equity and the related notes, including a 
summary  of  significant  accounting  policies.  The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their 
preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European 
Union and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of 
the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent company’s 

• 
affairs as at 31 December 2017 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 
• 
European Union;  
• 
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; 
and 
• 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies  
Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical 
requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  in  the  UK,  including  the  FRC’s  Ethical 
Standard, as applied to SME listed entities and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with 
these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a 
basis for our opinion. 

Use of the audit report 

This report is made solely to the Group’s and company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 
16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the group’s and 
company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. 
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the group 
and company and the group’s and company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 
We draw attention to Note 2 in the financial statements concerning the applicability of the going concern basis of 
preparation.    As  detailed in  the  financial  statements  and  the  Strategic  Report,  the  company  and  Group are  pre 
revenue  and  its  business  model  requires  significant  ongoing  expenditure  on  research  and  development.  At  31 
December 2017 the Group had net liabilities of £1,683,000 and cash and cash equivalent reserves of £48,000.  In 
note 2, the directors explain that to date they have successfully raised funds to finance clinical trials and that they 
are the process of securing additional funding sufficient to finance clinical trials and other liabilities as they fall due.  
As the directors are confident that the Group will raise the additional funding they have prepared the accounts on 
the going concern basis. However, until the Group secures sufficient investment to fund their clinical trials, there is 
a material uncertainty that casts a significant doubt about the Group’s and company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. 

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of 
the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks  of  material 
misstatement  (whether  or  not  due  to  fraud)  we  identified,  including  those  which  had  the  greatest  effect  on:  the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit, and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our 
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

13 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description of the risk 

Going concern 

The company is in the early stages of developing its 
business and as a result the Group has made losses 
of £6.7m, £7.2m and £8.6m in the financial years 
2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively.  At 31 December 
2017 the group had net liabilities of £1.7m and cash 
reserves of £48k.  

The Group is dependent on raising additional funding 
to further progress its on-going clinical trials and 
provide the Group the resources to continue to fund 
its operations. As discussed in note 2 to the financial 
statements, there is a significant risk around the 
Group's ability to continue as a going concern. 

Valuation and accounting of options, warrants, 
and convertible loan notes 

The Group operates share-based payments 
arrangements to remunerate directors and 
employees in the form of a share options scheme. 
Additionally, warrants were granted in lieu of 
fundraising fees in 2015 which are exercisable over 
four year period. 

Due to the complexity in calculation and judgement 
involved in underlying assumptions for the valuation 
of share options and warrants, there is a risk that 
these instruments are not accounted for correctly. 

With regards to the convertible loan notes, IAS 32 
requires liability and equity components to be 
presented separately on the Statement of Financial 
Position. As a result, particular attention is required 
when reviewing the contractual obligations of the 
notes in order to conclude as to their accounting as 
debt or equity classified.   

How we addressed this risk and conclusion 

Our audit procedures over going concern included but 
were not restricted to: 

•  We obtained and reviewed management’s 

forecasts (including a cash burn analysis) for 
a period no less than 12 months from the 
anticipated date of signing the accounts. 
Accordingly, our analysis covered the period 
January 2018 through June 2019; 

•  We discussed with management the method 
and status of fund raising, and verified 
progress to date against documentary and 
third party evidence; 

•  We reviewed post year-end Board meeting 
minutes and Regulatory News Service 
(RNS) announcements via the London Stock 
Exchange (LSE) website for the purposes of 
monitoring post year-end fundraising 
activities, progress of clinical trials and other 
noteworthy events and occurrences that 
could impact going concern; and  

•  We reviewed the disclosure in the financial 
statements to ensure disclosure is sufficient 
and appropriate. 

We concluded that there was a material uncertainty 
that cast a significant doubt about the Group’s and 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
Accordingly, we have included an emphasis of matter  
in our audit report above. 

Our  audit  procedures  over  options,  warrants,  and 
convertible loan notes included but were not restricted 
to: 

•  We obtained management’s valuation of 
options using Black Scholes Model and 
reviewed for completeness and accuracy of 
information used; 

•  We reviewed the mechanics of the 

calculations, and validated and challenged 
the inputs to the model; 

•  Obtained and reviewed the option and 
warrant agreements for all current year 
issuances and determined whether or not 
they were to be accounted for under IFRS 2 
Share-Base Payments;  

•  Reviewed the contractual obligations of 

each convertible loan note to ensure that 
management’s accounting for the 
aforementioned notes under IAS 32 
Financial Instruments as equity classified 
was appropriate; 
Tested the conversion of outstanding 
convertible loan notes in the period as a 
means to ensure the correct accounting was 
applied; 

• 

•  Reviewed Regulatory News Service (RNS) 
announcements per the London Stock 
Exchange website for purposes of 
concluding on the completeness and 
accuracy of current year equity instrument 
issuances and/or other equity related 

14 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
transactions and conversion of convertible 
loan notes; and  

•  Reviewed the disclosure in the financial 

statements to ensure disclosure is sufficient 
and appropriate. 

The options, warrants and convertible loan notes 
were all appropriately accounted for under relevant 
accounting standards. Management’s assumptions 
were deemed to be reasonable.  

Our application of materiality 

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for 
materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the 
nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures 
and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and on the financial statements as a whole. Based 
on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: 

Overall group materiality 
How we determined it 
Rationale for benchmark applied 

Performance materiality 

Reporting threshold 

Overall company materiality 
How we determined it 
Rationale for benchmark applied 

Performance materiality 

Reporting threshold 

£435,000 
6.0% of group losses  
In determining our materiality, we considered financial metrics 
which we believed to be relevant. We believe that the benchmark of 
Group losses is most appropriate as the users of the accounts were 
likely to be most concerned with the annual and accumulated loses 
of the Group and the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

Performance materiality is set to reduce to an appropriately low 
level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and 
undetected misstatements in the financial statements exceeds 
materiality for the financial statements as a whole. 
Performance materiality of £283,000 was applied in the audit. 
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them 
misstatements identified during our audit above £13,000 as well as 
misstatements below that amount that, in our view, warranted 
reporting for qualitative reasons. 

£275,000 
Same basis as above 
In determining our materiality, we considered financial metrics 
which we believed to be relevant. We believe that the benchmark of 
Group losses is most appropriate as the users of the accounts were 
likely to be most concerned with the annual and accumulated loses 
of the Group and the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

Performance materiality is set to reduce to an appropriately low 
level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and 
undetected misstatements in the financial statements exceeds 
materiality for the financial statements as a whole. 
Performance materiality of £179,000 was applied in the audit. 
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them 
misstatements identified during our audit above £8,000 as well as 
misstatements below that amount that, in our view, warranted 
reporting for qualitative reasons. 

Materiality used in the audit of the significant components of the group was £163,000. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our audit involved obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to 
give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by 

15 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
fraud or error. The risks of material misstatement that had the greatest effect on our audit, including the allocation 
of our resources and effort, are discussed under “Key audit matters” within this report.  

Our audit included an assessment of: whether accounting policies are appropriate to the company’s circumstances 
and  have  been  consistently  applied  and  adequately  disclosed;  the  reasonableness  of  significant  accounting 
estimates made by the Directors; and the overall presentation of the financial statements. In addition, we read all 
the financial and non-financial information in the annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited 
financial statements and to identify an information that is apparently incorrect, based on, or materially inconsistent 
with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent 
material misstatement or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report.  

Our audit scope included an audit of the consolidated financial statements of Tiziana Life Science Plc. The audit 
was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including controls, and assessing the 
risks of material misstatement at the Group level. Based on that assessment, all entities within the Group were 
subject  to  full  scope  audit  (significant  components)  or  limited  scope  (non-significant  components)  and  were 
performed by the audit team at the Group’s main offices in London, United Kingdom.  

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in 
the financial statements, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the 
financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our 
report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our 
knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material 
inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  there  is  a  material 
misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work 
we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to 
report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 
the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exemption 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the parent company and its environment obtained 
in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' 
Report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 
• 
• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 
from branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 11, the directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the  Group’s  and  the  parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent 
company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

16 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or 
error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s 
report. 

Robert Neate (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
for and on behalf of Mazars LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 

Tower Bridge House 
St Katharine’s Way 
London 
E1W 1DD 

6thJune 2018 

17 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Continuing Operations 

Research and development costs 
Operating expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance costs 

Loss before taxation 

Taxation 

Note 

4 

9 

10 

2017 
£’000 

(4,672) 
(3,574) 

(8,246) 

(9) 

(8,255) 

1,485 

2016 
£’000 

(2,956) 
(4,332) 

(7,288) 

(9) 

(7,297) 

89 

Loss for the year attributable to equity owners  

(6,770) 

(7,208) 

Other comprehensive income 

- 

- 

Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to 
equity owners 

(6,770) 

(7,208) 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted (loss) per share on continuing operations 

11 

(6.4p) 

(7.7p) 

18 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

ASSETS 
Non-Current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Other receivables 
Other current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity  
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the 
company  
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Merger relief reserve 
Capital redemption reserve 
Capital reduction reserve 
Share based payment reserve 
Shares to be issued reserve (warrants) 
Convertible loan note reserve 

Other reserve 

Retained earnings 

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

Note 

12 

13 
14 

16 

20 
20 
20 
16,20 
16,20 
18 

20 

20 

2017 
£’000 

18 

18 

1,548 
217 
48 

1,813 

1,831 

3,752 
18,650 
- 
- 
31,183 
2,354 
419 
- 

RESTATED 
2016 
£’000 

28 

28 

103 
217 
4,703 

5,023 

5,051 

2,832 
2,071 
- 
- 
31,183 
1,935 
191 
13,535 

(28,286) 

(28,286) 

(29,755) 

(20,147) 

(1,683) 

3,314 

23 

3,514 

1,737 

3,514 

1,831 

1,737 

5,051 

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 6th June 2018. 

Mr G.M.A Cerrone 

Director 

Company Number: 03508592 (England and Wales) 

19 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Property, plant and equipment 

Current assets 

Other receivables 
Other current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Notes 

15 

13 
14 

2017 

£’000 

16,005 
6 

1,055 
217 
22 

RESTATED 

2016 
£’000 

12,652 
12 

9 
217 
4,649 

TOTAL ASSETS 

17,305 

17,539 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity  Capital  and  reserves  attributable  to  equity 
holders of the company 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Shares to be issued reserve 
Merger relief reserve 
Convertible loan note reserve 
Shares to be issued reserve (warrants) 
Capital redemption reserve 
Capital reduction reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

16 

18 
20 
16, 20 
16, 20 
21 
20 
20 

23 

3,752 
18,650 
- 
- 
2,419 
482 
- 
31,183 
(40,403) 

16,083 

2,832 
2,071 
13,535 
- 
2,000 
254 
- 
31,183 
(35,626) 

16,249 

1,222 

1,222 

1,290 

1,290 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

17,305 

17,539 

The Company reported a loss for the financial year ended 31 December 2017 of £2,988k (2016: £4,252k). 

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 6th June 2018. 

Mr Gabriele Cerrone 

Director 

Company Number: 03508592 (England and Wales) 

20 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Total comprehensive loss for the year before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Convertible loan interest accrued 
Share based payment – options 
Cancellation of options 
Share based payment – warrants 
Net (increase)/decrease in other receivables 
Net increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 
Depreciation 
Loss on foreign exchange 
Lease adjustment 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

(8,255) 

(7,297) 

9 
419 
(105) 
228 
40 
1,790 
11 
35 
(24) 

9 
927 
- 
89 
(89) 
866 
8 
158 
41 

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

(5,852) 

(5,110) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Proceeds from issuance of convertible loan notes 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisition of other investments 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

1,198 
- 

1,198 

(1) 
- 

(1) 

453 
709 

1,162 

(35) 
(217) 

(252) 

NET (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

(4,655) 

(4,200) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR 

4,703 

48 

8,903 

4,703 

21 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Total comprehensive loss for the year before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Convertible loan interest accrued 
Share based payment - options 
Cancellation of options 
Share based payment - warrants 
Depreciation 
Net/decrease in operating assets/other receivables 
Net increase in operating liabilities/other liabilities 
Loss/(gain) on foreign exchange 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

(2,988) 

(4,252) 

9 
419 
(105) 
228 
6 
4 
67 
(2) 

9 
927 
- 
89 
- 
15 
555 
38 

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

(2,362) 

(2,619) 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Proceeds from issuance of convertible loan notes 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisition of other investments 
Capital contribution to subsidiaries 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

1,198 
- 

1,198 

- 
- 
(3,463) 

(3,463) 

454 
709 

1,163 

(18) 
(217) 
(2,531) 

(2,766) 

NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

(4,627) 

(4,222) 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR 

4,649 

22 

8,871 

4,649 

22 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Merger 
Relief 
Reserve 

Capital 
Redemption 
Reserve 

Capital 
Reduction 
Reserve 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
£’000 

Shares To 
Be Issued 
Reserve 
(warrants) 
£’000 

Convertible 
Loan Note 
Reserve 

Other 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
Equity 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

1,008 

102 

12,287 

(28,286) 

(12,239) 

Balance at 1 January 2016 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital under share-based 
payment scheme 
Share based payment (options) 
Share based payment (warrants) 
Convertible loan note – equity component 
Cancellation of deferred shares 
Capital reduction 
Prior year adjustments 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 

Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Balance as at 31 December 2016 – as 
previously reported 
Prior year adjustment 
Restated Balance as at 31 December 
2016 

Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital under share-based 
payment scheme 
Share based payment (options) 

Share based payment (warrants) 
Options forfeited/cancelled in the year 

Convertible loan note interest 
Convertible loan note conversion 
Prior year adjustments 

- 

- 
- 
1,248 
- 
- 
- 
1,248 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
(690) 
- 
- 
(10) 
(700) 

- 
- 
13,535 

- 
- 
(28,286) 

(7,208) 
(7,208) 
11,036 

- 
13,535 

     - 
(28,286) 

(31,183) 
(20,147) 

9,375 

20,632 

5,625 

61 

393 

- 

- 
- 
- 
(6,604) 
- 
- 
(6,543) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(18,954) 
- 
(18,561) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(5,625) 
- 
(5,625) 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
6,604 
(6,604) 
- 
- 

- 
- 
2,832 

- 
2,832 

- 
- 
2,071 

- 
2,071 

66 

1,131 

- 
- 
- 

- 
854 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
15,448 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
31,183 
- 
31,183 

- 
- 
- 

31,183 
31,183 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

927 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
927 

- 
- 
1,935 

- 
1,935 

- 

980 
- 
(561) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
89 
- 
- 
- 
- 
89 

- 
- 
191 

- 
191 

- 

- 
228 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

23 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

- 

- 
- 
- 

2,767 
(16,302) 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
(105) 

(2,767) 
- 
34 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

(2,838) 

1,773 

(6,770) 
(6,770) 

(6,770) 
(6,770) 

419 

228 

(13,535) 

31,183 

2,354 

419 

(28,286) 

(29,755) 

(1,683) 

8,504 

454 

927 
89 
558 
- 
- 
(10) 
2,018 

(7,208) 
(7,208) 
3,314 

- 
3,314 

1,197 

980 
228 
(666) 

- 
- 
34 

Total transactions with owners 

920 

16,579 

Comprehensive income 
Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

- 
- 

- 
- 

Balance as at 31 December 2017 

3,752 

18,650 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Merger 
Relief 
Reserve 

Capital 
Redemption 
Reserve 

Capital 
Reduction 
Reserve 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
£’000 

Shares to 
Be Issued 
Reserve 
(warrants) 
£’000 

Convertible 
Loan Note 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
Equity 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

9,375 

20,632 

5,625 

- 

- 

1,073 

165 

12,287 

(30,641) 

18,516 

Balance at 1 January 2016 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital 
    Issue of shares 
Share based payment (options) 
Share based payment (warrants) 
Convertible loan note – equity component 
Cancellation of deferred shares 
Capital reduction 
Prior year adjustments 

61 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(6,604) 
- 

393 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(18,954) 

Total transactions with owners 

(6,543) 

(18,561) 

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

- 
- 

- 
- 

Balance as at 31 December 2016 

2,832 

2,071 

Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital 
Share based payment (options) 
Share based payment (warrants) 
Options forfeited in the year 
Options cancelled in the year 
Convertible loan note interest 
Convertible loan note conversion 
Prior year adjustments 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

66 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
854 
- 
920 

- 
- 
- 

1,131 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
15,448 
- 
16,579 

- 
- 

Balance as at 31 December 2017 

3,752 

18,650 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(5,625) 
- 
(5,625) 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
6,604 
(6,604) 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
31,183 
- 

31,183 

- 
- 

- 
- 
927 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
927 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
89 
- 
- 
- 
- 
89 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
1,248 
- 
- 
-- 
1,248 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(690) 
- 
- 
(43) 
(733) 

454 
- 
972 
89 
558 
- 
- 
(43) 
1,516 

- 
- 

(4,252) 
(4,252) 

(4,252) 
(4,252) 

31,183 

2,000 

254 

13,535 

(35,626) 

16,249 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
980 
- 
(561) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
419 

- 
- 

- 
- 
228 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
228 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
2,767 
(16,302) 
- 
(13,535) 

- 

- 
- 
(105) 
(2,767) 
- 
34 
(2,838) 

1,197 
980 
228 
(561) 
(105) 
- 
- 
34 
1,773 

- 
- 

- 

(1,939) 
(1,939) 

(1,939) 
(1,939) 

(40,403) 

16,083 

- 

31,183 

2,419 

482 

24 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

1.  GENERAL INFORMATION 

Tiziana Life Sciences PLC is a public limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies 
Act and quoted on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange (AIM: TILS). The address of its registered office 
is given on page 1. The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries (the Group) are that of a clinical 
stage biotechnology company focussed on targeted drugs to treat diseases in oncology and immunology. 

These financial statements are presented in thousands of pounds sterling (£’000) which is the functional currency 
of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.  

The  ultimate  parent  of  the  group  is  Planwise  Group  Limited,  incorporated  in  the  British Virgin  Islands.  Gabriele 
Cerrone is the ultimate beneficial owner of the entire issued share capital of Planwise Group Limited. 

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out 
below. These policies have been applied consistently to all the years presented unless otherwise stated. 

Basis of preparation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Group  and  Company  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union, IFRIC interpretations and 
the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. These accounts have been prepared 
under the historical cost convention. 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company has 
not been presented in these financial statements. 

Prior Period Adjustment 

In 2016, the Company was granted permission by the High court to cancel its share premium account and its capital 
redemption  reserve.  For  clarity,  the  Company  has  decided  to  reflect  the  adjustment  in  its  own  reserve  with 
distributable reserves. This reserve is called the Capital reduction reserve. 

Going Concern 

The company incurred losses during the year and has net liabilities at the year end. 

As discussed in the Strategic Report, the company is in the early stages of developing its business focusing on the 
discovery and development of novel molecules that treat human disease in oncology and immunology. The directors 
expect the company to incur further losses and to require significant capital expenditure in continuing to develop 
clinical  stage  development  therapeutic  candidates  in  both  oncology  and  immunology.  The  company  has 
successfully funded clinical trials to date and is in the process of securing additional investment for purposes of 
continuing to fund their clinical trials moving forward.  

The directors have prepared cash flow projections that include the costs associated with the continued clinical trials 
and additional investment to fund that operation.  On the basis of those projections, the directors conclude that the 
company  will  be  able  to  meet  its  liabilities  as  they  fall  due  for  the  foreseeable  future,  and  therefore  that  it  is 
appropriate to prepare the financial statements under the going concern basis of preparation. 

However, until and unless the company secures sufficient investment to fund their clinical trials, there is a material 
uncertainty about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern, and therefore about the applicability of the 
going concern basis of preparation.  The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would be required 
if the going concern basis of preparation was considered inappropriate. 

New and Revised Standards 

Standards in effect in 2017 

There were no additional new standards, amendments and interpretations issued that would be expected to have 
a material effect on the Group.  

25 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

IFRS in issue but not applied in the current financial statements 

The directors do not expect that the adoption of new IFRS Standards, Interpretations and Amendments that have 
been issued but are not yet effective will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group in future 
periods, except IFRS 16 Leases which will impact on the recognition of leases currently classified as operating 
leases. In addition, IFRS 2 Share-based Payment: classification and measurement of share-based payment 
transactions and IFRS 9 Financial Instruments are additional standards that will impact the Group, management 
are still in the process of assessing their impact, if any. 

Beyond the information above, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the effect of these standards 
until a detailed review has been completed. 

A  number  of  IFRS  and  IFRIC  interpretations  are  also  currently  in  issue  which  are  not  relevant  for  the  Group’s 
activities and which have not therefore been adopted in preparing these financial statements. 

Basis of consolidation 

Subsidiary undertakings are all entities over which the Group exercises control. The Group has control when it can 
demonstrate all of the following: (a) power over the investee; (b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its 
involvement  with  the  investee;  and  (c)  the  ability  to  use its power  over  the  investee  to affect  the amount  of  the 
investor’s return. 

The existence and effect of both current voting rights and potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or 
convertible are considered when assessing whether control of an entity is exercised. Subsidiaries are consolidated 
from the date at which the Group obtains control and are de-consolidated from the date at which control ceases. 

Business combination 

The consolidated position of the Group is as a result of the reverse acquisition of Alexander David Investments plc 
by Tiziana Pharma Ltd and the subsequent listing of the Company as Tiziana Life Sciences Plc on 24 April 2014.  
Reverse acquisition for the business combination in the year as detailed below: 

On 24th April 2014, the Company (Alexander David Investments Plc, (ADI)) acquired via a share for share exchange 
the  entire  issued  share  capital  of  Tiziana  Pharma  Limited,  whose  principal  activity  is  that  of  a  clinical  stage 
biotechnology company focussed on targeted drugs to treat diseases in oncology and immunology. 

Due  to  the  relative  values  of  the  companies,  the  former  Tiziana  Pharma  Limited shareholders  became majority 
shareholders with 96.1% of the enlarged share capital in ADI which was renamed Tiziana Life Sciences plc, and 
hence hold the majority of the voting rights. Furthermore, the executive management of Tiziana Pharma Limited 
became the executive management of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of these 
factors led the Directors to conclude that in this transaction Tiziana Pharma Limited has the controlling interest and 
should be treated as the accounting acquirer. 

In  determining  the  appropriate  accounting  treatment  for  the  reverse  acquisition,  the  Directors  considered  the 
Application  Supplement  to  IFRS  3,  Business  combinations.  However,  they  concluded  that  this  transaction  fell 
outside the scope of IFRS 3 since Tiziana Life Sciences plc, whose activity prior to the acquisition was purely the 
maintenance of the AIM listing, did not constitute a business. It was therefore determined that the transaction should 
be accounted for in a manner that was similar to the reverse acquisition accounting as described in IFRS 3, but 
without recognising goodwill. 

The following accounting treatment has been applied in respect of the reverse acquisition; 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  legal  subsidiary,  Tiziana  Pharma  Limited  are  recognised  and 
measured in the consolidated financial statements at their pre-combination carrying amounts, without 
restatement to their fair value. 
The  retained  reserves  recognised  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  reflect  the  retained 
reserves of Tiziana Pharma Limited to the date of acquisition. 
In applying IFRS 3 by analogy, the equity structure appearing in the consolidated financial statements 
reflects  the  equity  structure  of  the  legal  parent  Tiziana  Life  Sciences  Plc,  including  the  equity 
instruments issued under the share exchange to effect the business combination. 
A reverse acquisition reserve has been created to enable the presentation of a consolidated statement 
of  financial  position  which  combines  the  equity  structure  of  the  legal  parent  with  the  non-statutory 
reserves of the legal subsidiary. 
Comparative numbers are based upon the consolidated financial statements of the legal subsidiary, 
Tiziana Pharma Limited for the year ended 31 December 2013 apart from the equity structure which 
reflects that of the parent. 

26 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Tiziana Pharma Limited was incorporated on 4th November 2013 and prepared its first set of financial statements 
to 31 December 2014. Therefore, the parent and subsidiary had the same reporting date but Tiziana Pharma Limited 
had a long period of account. No adjustment was made in the consolidated financial statements for the difference 
in length of reporting period because the only transaction in Tiziana Pharma Limited at 31 December 2013 was the 
issue of ordinary share capital of £1. 

Inter-company  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  group  companies  are 
eliminated upon consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been 
changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. 

Segment reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board.  The 
Board allocates resources to and assess the performance of the segments. The Board considers there to be only 
one operating segment being the research and development of biotechnological and pharmaceutical products.  

Taxation 

The tax expense for the year represents the total of current taxation and deferred taxation. The charge in respect 
of current taxation is based on the estimated taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit for the year is based on the 
profit as shown in the income statement, as adjusted for items of income or expenditure which are not deductible 
or chargeable for tax purposes. The current tax liability for the year is calculated using tax rates which have either 
been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. 

Foreign currency translation 

Foreign currency transactions are translated using the rate of exchange applicable at the date of the transaction. 
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the re-translation 
at the year end of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income 
statement. 

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Pound Sterling at the rate of 
exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of comprehensive income are translated at exchange 
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation 
are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income.  On  disposal  of  a  foreign  subsidiary,  the  component  of  other 
comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign subsidiary is recognised in profit or loss. 

License fees 

Payments related to the acquisition of rights to a product or technology are capitalised as intangible assets if it is 
probable that future economic benefits from the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably 
measured.  

Payments made which provide the right to perform research are carefully evaluated to determine whether such 
payments are to fund research or acquire an asset. Licence fees expenses are recognised as incurred.  

Research and development 

All on-going research and development expenditure is currently expensed in the period in which it is incurred. Due 
to the regulatory environment inherent in the development of the Group’s products, the criteria for development 
costs to be recognised as an asset, as set out in IAS 38 ‘Intangible Assets’, are not met until a product has been 
granted  regulatory  approval  and  it  is  probable  that  future  economic  benefit  will  flow  to  the  Group.  The  Group 
currently has no qualifying expenditure. 

Financial instruments 

Financial assets 

The Group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the purpose for 
which the asset was acquired. 

27 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables are recognised initially at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and other short term highly liquid deposits with 
original maturities of three months or less. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities on the 
balance sheet. 

Financial liabilities 

The Group classifies its financial liabilities into one of the categories discussed below, depending on the purpose 
for which the liability was committed. 

Trade and other payables 

Trade and other payables are recognised initially at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest method.  

Investments  

Investments are held as non-current assets and comprise investments in subsidiary undertakings and are stated at 
cost less provision for any impairment. 

Other current assets  

Other  current  assets  are  currently  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  impairment.  The  asset  is  not  yet  being 
amortised since it is not yet in the condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by 
management.  

Share capital 

Ordinary shares of the company are classified as equity.  

Property, plant and equipment 

(i) 

Recognition and measurement 

Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated 
impairment  losses.  Costs  include  expenditures  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the  asset. 
Purchased  software  that  is  integral  to  the  functionality  of  the  related  equipment  is  capitalized  as  part  of  that 
equipment.  

When  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  they  are  accounted  for  as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Gains  and  losses  on  disposal  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  determined  by  comparing  the 
proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised in profit or 
loss. When revalued assets are sold, the amounts included in the revaluation reserve are transferred to retained 
earnings. 

(ii) 

 Depreciation 

Depreciation is calculated on the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for 
cost, less its residual value. 

Depreciation is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each part of an 
item of property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their 
useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. 

The estimated useful lives for the current period and the comparative period are as follows. 

Fixtures and fittings 

IT and equipment  

5 years 

3 years 

Depreciation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date.  Depreciation  is 
allocated to the operating expenses line of the income statement. 

28 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Impairment 

A financial asset not carried at fair value is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective 
evidence that it should be impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event 
has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated 
future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.  

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired can include default or delinquency of a debtor, restructuring 
of an amount due to the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise and indications that a 
debtor will enter bankruptcy.  

Non-financial  assets  are  tested  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

Non-financial  assets  are  impaired  when  its  carrying  amount  exceed  its  recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable 
amount is measured as the higher of fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. The value in use is calculated 
as being net projected cash flows based on financial forecasts discounted back to present value. 

Operating leases 

Payments made under operating leases are recognised in profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the term of 
the lease.  Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term 
of the lease. 

Fair Value Measurement 

Management  have  assessed  the  categorisation  of  the  fair  value  measurements  using  the  IFRS  13  fair  value 
hierarchy.  Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows; 

• 
• 

• 

Level 1 - valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets 
Level 2 - valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices 
included within Level 1; 
Level 3 - valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market 
data. 

Share based payments 

The calculation of the fair value of equity-settled share based awards and the resulting charge to the statement of 
comprehensive income requires assumptions to be made regarding future events and market conditions. These 
assumptions include the future volatility of the Company's share price. These assumptions are then applied to a 
recognised valuation model in order to calculate the fair value of the awards. 

Where employees, directors or advisers are rewarded using share based payments, the fair value of the employees', 
directors' or advisers' services are determined by reference to the fair value of the share options / warrants awarded. 
Their  value  is  appraised  at  the  date  of  grant  and  excludes the  impact  of  any  nonmarket vesting conditions  (for 
example, profitability and sales growth targets). Warrants issued in association with the issue of Convertible Loan 
Notes are also considered as share based payments and a share based payment charge is calculated for these 
too.  

In  accordance  with  IFRS  2,  a  charge  is  made  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  for  all  share-based 
payments including share options based upon the fair value of the instrument used. A corresponding credit is made 
to a share based payment reserve, in the case of options / warrants awarded to employees, directors or advisers, 
and shares to be issued reserve in the case of warrants issued in association with the issue of convertible loan 
notes, net of deferred tax where applicable. 

If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the 
best available estimate of the number of share options / warrants expected to vest. Non market vesting conditions 
are included in assumptions about the number of options / warrants that are expected to become exercisable.  

Estimates are subsequently revised, if there is any indication that the number of share options / warrants expected 
to vest differs from previous estimates. No adjustment is made to the expense or share issue cost recognised in 
prior periods if fewer share options ultimately are exercised than originally estimated.  

Upon exercise of share options / warrants, the proceeds received are allocated to share capital with any excess 
being recorded as share premium.  

29 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Where  share  options  are  cancelled,  this  is  treated  as  an  acceleration  of  the  vesting  period  of  the  options.  The 
amount that otherwise would have been recognised for services received over the remainder of the vesting period 
is recognised immediately within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share based payment are measured at their fair 
value. 

Convertible loan notes 

Under IAS 32 the liability and equity components of convertible loan notes must be presented separately on the 
statement of financial position. The Group has examined the terms of each issue of convertible loan notes and 
determined their accounting treatment accordingly. Convertible loan notes are treated differently depending upon 
a number of factors. 

Where there is no option to repay as cash and the interest rate is fixed 

The Group considers these to be convertible equity instruments and records the principal of the loan note as an 
equity  in  a  Convertible  loan  note  reserve.  The  accrued  interest  on  the  principal  amount,  for  which  there  is  no 
obligation to settle in cash, is also recorded in the Convertible loan note reserve.  Upon redemption of the instrument 
and the issue of share capital, the amount is reclassified from the convertible loan note reserve to share capital and 
share premium. 

Where there is an option to repay as cash and the interest rate is variable 

The Group considers these to be convertible debt instruments and records the principal of the loan note as a debt 
liability in the liabilities section of the statement of financial position.  The accrued interest on the principal amount 
is recorded in the income statement and as an increase in the debt liability. Upon redemption of the instrument and 
the issue of share capital, the amount is reclassified from the debt liability to share capital and share premium. 

3.  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 

The preparation of financial information in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, in the case of 
the  Group  being  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union,  requires  the 
directors  to  make  estimates  and  judgements  that  affect  the  reported  amount  of  assets,  liabilities,  income  and 
expenditure  and  the  disclosures  made  in  the  financial  statements.  Such  estimates  and  judgements  must  be 
continually evaluated based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events. 

When entering into agreements with third parties which provide the rights to conduct research into specific biological 
processes the Group account for these agreements as an expense if the agreements are 'milestone' in nature and 
relate to the Group's own research and development costs. Such agreements involve periodic payments and are 
evaluated as representing payments made to fund research.  

The only other critical accounting estimates and judgements in the preparation of the financial statements were fair 
value estimates used in the calculation of share based payments and warrants which have been detailed above in 
note 2, accounting policies, and note 17, share based payments, to the accounts. 

4.  OPERATING LOSS 

The Group and Company’s operating loss for the year is stated after charging the following: 

License fees 
Depreciation 
Foreign exchange losses 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

514 
11 
35 

560 

414 
8 
159 

581 

30 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

5.  SEGMENTAL REPORTING 

During  the  year  under  review  Management  identified  the  Group’s  only  operating  segment  as  the  research  and 
development  of  biotechnological  and  pharmaceutical  products.  This  one  segment  is  monitored  and  strategic 
decisions  are  made  based  upon  it  and  other  non-financial  data  collated  from  industry  intelligence.  The  form  of 
financial reporting reported to the Board is consistent with those presented in the annual financial statements. 

6.  AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION 

Remuneration  receivable  by  the  Company’s  auditor  for  the  audit  of  the 
consolidated and Company financial statements, including £9k (2016:£9k) for 
the audit of Company subsidiaries 
Remuneration  receivable  by  the  Company’s  auditor  for  other  assurance 
services 

7.  EMPLOYEES 

Group 
Staff costs comprised: 
Directors’ salaries 
Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Share based payment charge 

The average monthly number of employees, including directors, employed by 
the Group during the year was: 
Corporate and administration 

A charge for share based payments totalling £419k (2016: £749k) was made in the year. 

Company 
Staff costs comprised: 

Directors’ salaries 
Share based payment charge 

8.  REMUNERATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 

2017 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

42 

19 

36 

- 

2017 
£’000 
164 
860 
381 
419 

2016 
£’000 
        158 
    580 
28 
749 

1,824 

1,515 

11 

11 

6 

6 

2016 
£’000 

35 
749 

784 

2017 
£’000 

93 
419 

512 

2016 

Director 
W Simon 
G. Cerrone (1) 

R. Dalla-Favera 
K. Shailubhai (2) 

Directors' fee 

Salary 

Directors' fee 

Salary 

38,000 
67,000 
20,000 

8,000 

- 
- 
- 

222,000 

38,000 
80,000 
20,000 

20,000 

133,000 

222,000 

158,000  

- 
- 
- 

- 

-  

31 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

(1)  Effective  1st  November  2017,  Gabriele  Cerrone  has  waived  his  right  to  receive  director’s  fees  for  the 

foreseeable future.  

(2)  Kunwar Shailubhai became an employee of the Company on 24th May 2017, at which point he ceased to 

be a non-executive director. 

The following share options were granted to directors in the year: 

Director 

R. Dalla Favera 
W. Simon 
G. Cerrone 

K. Shailubhai 

2017 
Number of 
options 

2016 
Number of 
options 

-  
- 
-         

-  
- 

3,259,403         

400,000         

- 

400,000  

3,259,403 

The key management personnel of the Group are considered to be represented by the directors and officers of the 
Company.   

No director has yet benefitted from any increase in the value of share capital since issuance of the options.   

No director exercised share options in the year.   

The company made £5k (2016: £0) of payments to a defined contribution pension schemes on behalf of directors 
or employees. 

9.  FINANCE COSTS 

Group  

Finance charge accrued on convertible loan notes (recognised as debt) 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

9 

9 

9 

9 

32 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

10.  TAXATION 

Group  
Current tax (credit) 

Deferred tax 
Origination and reversal of timing differences  

Total tax (credit) for period 

The tax charge for the year is different from the standard rate 
of  corporation  tax  in  the  United  Kingdom  of  21.49%.  The 
difference can be reconciled as follows: 

Loss before taxation 

Loss  charged  at  standard  rate  of  corporation  tax  19.25% 
(2016: 20%) 

Tax losses arising in the year not recognised 
Expenses not deductible for taxation  
Adjustments due to prior periods 
Research and development claim 
Other timing differences 

2017 
£’000 

2016 
£’000 

(1,485) 

(89) 

Nil 

(1,485) 

Nil 

(89) 

(8,255) 

(7,208) 

(1,589) 

(1,441) 

2,244 
24 
(1,105) 
(1,061) 
2 
(1,485) 

1,226 
219 
(89) 
- 

(89) 

No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of trading losses carried forward because of uncertainty as 
to when these losses will be recoverable.  

The amount of tax losses for which no deferred tax assets has been recognised is £3,680k (2016: £2,608k). 

11.  LOSS PER SHARE 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity holders of the company by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. 

(Loss) attributable to equity holders of the company (£) 

(6,769,365) 

(7,207,597) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue  

106,403,903 

93,592,195 

2017 

2016 

Basic loss per share (pence per share) 

(6.4) 

(7.7) 

As the Group is reporting a loss from continuing operations for the year then, in accordance with IAS 33, the share 
options are not considered dilutive because the exercise of the share options would have an anti-dilutive effect. The 
basic and diluted earnings per share as presented on the face of the income statement are therefore identical.  All 
earnings per share figures presented above arise from continuing and total operations and therefore no earnings 
per share for discontinued operations are presented. 

33 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

12.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Details of the Groups property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

Group 

Cost 
At 1 January 2017 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2017 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2017 
Charge in year 

At 31 December 2017 

Net book value as at 31 December 2017 

Net book value as at 31 December 2016 

13.  OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Group 
Other receivables 
Taxation receivable 
Prepayments  

Furniture 
and fixtures 
£’000 

IT 
equipment 
£’000 

Total 

£’000 

12 
- 
- 

12 

1 
2 

3 

9 

11 

24 
1 
- 

25 

7 
9 

16 

9 

17 

2017 
£’000 

85 
1,435 
28 

1,548 

36 
1 
- 

37 

8 
11 

19 

18 

28 

2016 
£’000 

93 
- 
10 

103 

There  are no differences  between  the carrying  amount  and  fair  value  of  any of  the trade  and  other  receivables 
above.  

Company 

Taxation receivable 
Prepayments and accrued income 

2017 
£000 

 2016 
 £000 

1,048 
7 

1,055 

- 
9 

9 

14.  OTHER CURRENT ASSETS 

In June 2016, the Board approved the purchase of the data repository of DNA from SharDNA (an Italian entity in 
liquidation) for EUR 258k, approximately £217k. 

Management  recognizes  that  the  transaction  is  not  the  purchase  of  a  business  but  the  purchase  of  key  assets 
owned by SharDNA. These assets are to be owned by Tiziana Life Sciences PLC and will be loaned to its subsidiary 
Longevia SRL for no extra cost.  

As  there  is  current  legal  action  pending  against  the  liquidators  as  to  the  validity  to  the  sale  of  the  assets,  the 
Company is unable to utilise these assets until the legal action is resolved. For this reason, the investment has been 
recognised as a current asset until such a time that the Company is able to use this asset. In the event the Company 
is unable to use the asset as a result of the legal action denoted above, the Company will receive their money back. 

34 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

The Company has not recognised a contingent liability in respect of the legal action as the outcome is uncertain 
and cannot be considered as probable to occur.  

15.  INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Company  

Cost 
At 1 January 2017 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2017 

Provisions 
At 1 January 2017 
Charge in year 

At 31 December 2017 

Shares in group 
undertakings 

Capital 
Contribution 

£’000 

£’000 

Total 

£’000 

7,509 
- 
- 

7,509 

- 
- 

- 

5,143 
3,353 
- 

8,486 

- 
- 

- 

12,652 
3,353 
- 

16,005 

- 
- 

- 

Net book value as at 31 December 2017 

7,509 

8,486 

16,005 

Net book value as at 31 December 2016 

7,509 

5,143 

12,652 

The capital contribution represents the funding of operations of the subsidiaries by the parent, with the Company 
acting as the Group’s holding company.  

The company’s interest in subsidiary undertakings is as follows: 

Name 

Principal activity  Registered 

Tiziana Pharma Limited 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc 

Clinical stage 
biotechnology 
company 

Clinical stage 
biotechnology 
company 

Longevia Genomics SRL 

Biotech Discovery 
Company 

Address 
3rd Floor, 11-12 
St James’s 
Square, London, 
SW1Y 4LB 
420 Lexington 
Avenue 
Suite 2525 
New York, NY 
10170 

Via 
Constantinopli 42 
09100- Cagliari 
(CA) 

Percentage 
shareholding 
100% 

Country of 
incorporation 
England & 
Wales 

100% 

USA 

100% 

Italy 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc was incorporated on 28 October 2015. This entity was set up to house the Company’s US 
operations. 

Longevia Genomics SRL was incorporated on 4 July 2016. This entity was established to enable the Company to 
carry out R&D activities in Sardinia. 

35 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

16.  SHARE CAPITAL  

Company and Group  

2017  
Ordinary Shares 

2016  

2017  

2016  

Deferred Shares 

2017  
£000 

2016  
£000 

In issue at 1 January 

94,393,401 

92,392,150 

Issued for cash 
Conversion of Convertible 
Loan notes 

2,206,190 

1,301,250 

28,455,214 

700,000 

Sale of deferred shares 
Deferred shares transferred to 
capital redemption reserve 

- 

- 

- 

- 

In issue at 31 December 

125,054,805  94,393,400 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

121,189,912 

2,832 

9,375 

- 

- 

(1) 

(121,189,911) 

66 

854 

- 

- 

40 

21 

- 

(6,604) 

- 

3,752 

2,832 

Ordinary Shares 

Ordinary shares have a par value of £0.03. They entitle the holder to participate in dividends, and to share in the 
proceeds of winding up the company in proportion to the number of and amounts paid on the shares held. On a 
show of hands every holder of ordinary shares present at a meeting in person or by proxy, is entitled to one vote, 
and upon a poll each share is entitled to one vote. The company does not have a limited amount of authorised 
capital. 

Issuance of ordinary shares 

In March 2017, a notification was received from warrant holders to exercise warrants over 1,789,524 ordinary shares 
in the Company. 

In August 2017, the Board passed a resolution to convert all outstanding convertible loan notes effective from 26th 
July 2017. It also resolved that the convertible loan note holders be offered an additional bonus coupon of three 
years of interest at the relevant applicable rate of return for agreeing to the immediate conversion of the convertible 
loan  note’s  into  ordinary  shares.  The  Company  has  issued  28,455,214  new  ordinary  shares  in  respect  of  this 
conversion. All of the new shares are subject to a restriction on disposal for a period of 12 months. 

In November 2017, 283,333 new ordinary shares were issued by way of a further placing of ordinary shares to raise 
finance. 

An additional 133,333 new ordinary shares were issued in December 2017 by way of a further placing of ordinary 
shares to raise finance. 

36 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

17.  SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 

Group and Company  

Options 

The company operates share-based payment arrangements to remunerate directors and key employees in the form 
of a share option scheme. The exercise price of the option is normally equal to the market price of an ordinary share 
in the company at the date of grant.  

Options (‘000) 

2017 

Weighted 
Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Options (‘000) 

2016 

Weighted 
Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Outstanding at 1 January 

Granted 
Forfeited 
Cancelled 

Outstanding at 31 
December 

Exercisable at 31 
December 

12,449 

668 
(2,250) 
(150) 

10,717 

5,011 

33 

161 
(15) 
(15) 

93 

42 

7,985 

4,464 
- 
- 

12,449 

4,152 

28 

154 
- 
- 

73 

33 

No options were exercised during the periods to 31st December 2017 and to 31st December 2016. 

Share options outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry date and exercise prices: 

Date of issue 

Number at 31 
December 2017 

Exercise 
price 

Date from which 
exercisable 

Expiry Date 

24 April 2014 
24 April 2014 
24 April 2014 
24 April 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
25 June 2014 
07 July 2014 
07 July 2014 
07 July 2014 
07 July 2014 
23 January 2015 
23 January 2015 
23 January 2015 
23 January 2015 
23 January 2015 

400,500 
400,500 
400,500 
400,500 

90,000 
90,000 
90,000 
90,000 
6,250 
6,250 
6,250 
6,250 
12,500 
12,500 
12,500 
12,500 
2,050,000 
150,000 
150,000 
150,000 
150,000 

0.15 
0.15 
0.15 
0.15 
0.28 
0.28 
0.28 
0.28 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.33 
0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.35 
0.5 
0.5 
0.5 
0.5 

24 April 2015 
24 April 2016 
24 April 2017 
24 April 2018 
17 May 2015 
17 May 2016 
17 May 2017 
17 May 2018 
24 April 2015 
24 April 2016 
24 April 2017 
24 April 2018 
18 June 2015 
18 June 2016 
18 June 2017 
18 June 2018 
23 January 2015 
1 October 2015 
1 October 2016 
1 October 2017 
1 October 2018 

24 April 2025 
24 April 2026 
24 April 2027 
24 April 2028 
17 May 2025 
17 May 2026 
17 May 2027 
17 May 2028 
24 April 2025 
24 April 2026 
24 April 2027 
24 April 2028 
18 June 2025 
18 June 2026 
18 June 2027 
18 June 2028 
23 January 2025 
1 October 2025 
1 October 2026 
1 October 2027 
1 October 2028 

37 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

   23 January 2015 
   23 January 2015 
   23 January 2015 
   23 January 2015 
   02 March 2015 
   02 March 2015 
   02 March 2015 
   02 March 2015 
   23 March 2016 
   23 March 2016 
   23 March 2016 
   23 March 2016 
   09 June 2016 
   09 June 2016 
   09 June 2016 
   09 June 2016 

75,000 
75,000 
75,000 
75,000 
150,000 
150,000 
150,000 
150,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 

26,250 
26,250 
26,250 
26,250 

0.57 
0.57 
0.57 
0.57 
0.55 
0.55 
0.55 
0.55 
1.26 
1.26 
1.26 
1.26 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 
1.50 

   09 June 2016 

3,259,403 

1.50 

12 September 2015 
12 September 2016 
12 September 2017 
12 September 2018 
2 March 2015 
2 March 2016 
2 March 2017 
2 March 2018 
23 March 2017 
23 March 2018 
23 March 2019 
23 March 2020 
09 June 2017 
09 June 2018 
09 June 2019 
09 June 2020 
If weighted average of   
an ordinary share is 
greater  than £3 for 120     
consecutive dealing    
days 

12 September 2025 
12 September 2026 
12 September 2027 
12 September 2028 
2 March 2025 
2 March 2026 
2 March 2027 
2 March 2028 
22 March 2026 
      22 March 2026 
      22 March 2026 
      22 March 2026 
09 June 2027 
09 June 2028 
09 June 2029 
09 June 2030 

15 years from vesting 
date 

05 November 2016 

100,000 

1.86 

01 December 2016 

600,000 

1.925 

10 March 2017 
10 March 2017 
10 March 2017 
10 March 2017 
30 August 2017 
30 August 2017 
30 August 2017 
30 August 2017 

100,000 
100,000 
100,000 
100,000 
284,000 
284,000 
284,000 
284,000 

1.725 
1.725 
1.725 
1.725 
1.595 
1.595 
1.595 
1.595 

05 November 2017 
Successful completion    
of clinical trials within 24 
months of 1st      
September 2016 

05 November 2027 

5 years from vesting 
conditions being met 

30 August 2018 
30 August 2019 
30 August 2020 
30 August 2021 
30 August 2018 
30 August 2019 
30 August 2020 
30 August 2021 

30 August 2028 
30 August 2029 
30 August 2030 
30 August 2031 
30 August 2028 
30 August 2029 
30 August 2030 
30 August 2031 

The  total  outstanding  fair  value  of  the  share  option  instruments  is  deemed  to  be  approximately  £4,600k  (2016: 
£1,868k).  

The Directors have used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of most of the options 
applying the assumptions below. 

Historical volatility relies in part on the historical volatility of a group of peer companies that management believes 
is generally comparable to the Company. 

The  Company  has  not paid  any  dividends  on common  stock  since its inception  and  does  not  anticipate  paying 
dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. 

The Company has estimated a forfeiture rate of zero. 

38 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

24 April 2014 

25 June 2014 

7 July 2014 

Grant date share price 
Exercise share price  
Vesting periods 

Risk free rate 
Expected volatility 
Option life 

£0.12 
£0.15 
25% each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

£0.39 
£0.28 to £0.33 
25% each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

£0.44 
£0.35 
25% each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

Grant date share price 
Exercise share price  
Vesting periods 

Risk free rate 
Expected volatility 
Option life 

Grant date share price 
Exercise share price  
Vesting periods 

Risk free rate 
Expected volatility 
Option life 

Grant date share price 
Exercise share price  
Vesting periods 

Risk free rate 
Expected volatility 
Option life 

23 January 2015 

2 March 2015 

7 May 2015 

£0.575 
£0.35 to £0.57 
900,000 25% each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
2.05m  immediate 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

£0.615 
£0.28 to £0.33 
25% each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 

£0.465 
£0.15 
Immediate 

0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
2 years 9 months 

23 March 2016 

9 June 2016 

5 November 2016 

£1.26 
£1.26 
25% each 

  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

£1.38 
£1.5 
Immediate,25% 
each 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr 4 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10-15 years 

£1.86 
£1.86 
33.3% each 

Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3 
0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
10 years 

1 December 2016 

10 March 2017 

30 August 2017 

£1.86 
£1.925 
  within 24 months of 1 
September 2016  

£1.725 
£1.725 
  Yr1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr4  

£1.595 
£1.595 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr4 

0.55% to 1.54% 
99% to 197% 
2 years 

0.38% to 1.09% 
80% to 167% 
10 years 

0.69% to 1.09% 
58% to 60% 
10 years 

For the options issued with a market condition attached, the Directors have used the Monte Carlo simulation to 
estimate  the  fair  value  of  these  options,  the  Company  uses  the  following  methods  to  determine  its  underlying 
assumptions:  

• 
• 

• 

expected volatilities are based on the historical volatilities of the market 
the expected term of the awards is based on managements’ assessment of when the market condition is 
likely to be achieved of 15 years 
a range of fair value’s per share were produced and management have determined the most appropriate 
value based on their knowledge of the market and vesting conditions being fulfilled. 

Warrants 

39 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

On 2nd March 2015, warrants were granted over 600,000 shares at an exercise price of £0.50 per share in lieu of 
the issue of options. The warrants are exercisable in 25% portions until 22 January 2016, 22 January 2017, 22 
January 2018, and 22 January 2019.   

On 31st May 2015, warrants were granted over 292,500 shares at an exercise price of £0.66 per share in lieu of 
fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 31 May 2022. 

On 11th November 2017, warrants were granted over 100,000 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in lieu 
of fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 20 November 2022. 

On 11th December 2017, warrants were granted over 183,333 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in lieu  
of fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 11 December 2023. 

On 15th December 2017, warrants were granted over 196,667 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in lieu 
of fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 15 December 2023. 

The  Directors  have estimated  the  fair  value  of  the  warrants  in  services  provided  using  an  appropriate  valuation 
model. The remaining fair value of the warrant instruments is deemed to be approximately £655,000. For each set 
of warrants, the charge has been expensed over the vesting period. A share based payment charge for the year of 
£228k (year to December 2016: £89k) has been expensed in the statement of comprehensive income. 

18.  CONVERTIBLE LOAN NOTES 

Group and Company 

Planwise Convertible Loan Notes 2016 

From  the  date  of  the  reverse  acquisition  a  convertible  loan  note  of  £200k  was  in  existence  as  detailed  in  the 
Admission Document dated 31 March 2014. Proceeds of the subscriptions for the notes are to be used exclusively 
to finance the Company's on-going working capital requirements. The terms of the loan note are that the loan notes, 
plus accrued interest at a rate of 4 per cent above Bank of England base rate per annum, will convert into ordinary 
shares  in  the  Company  at  a  price  of  £0.10  per  share  at  the  election  of  Planwise  any  time  after  the  second 
anniversary of the readmission to AIM on 24 April 2014.  The Company considers this to be a Convertible Debt 
Instrument as detailed in the policy described at note 2 as a result of the fact that the Company is obligated to repay 
the capital of loan, obligated to pay interest, and Planwise has the right to settle the obligation via a cash settlement 
and is not limited to settling the obligation in shares in the Company 

Accounting for the convertible debt instrument 

The net proceeds received from the issue of the Planwise Convertible Loan Note has been recorded as a debt 
liability in the balance sheet and the accrued interest charged to the income statement and the debt liability. The 
liability for the convertible debt instrument at 31 December 2017 is; 

Convertible loan notes issued 

Accrued interest  

2017 
£000 

225 

9 

234 

2016 
£000 

216 

9 

225 

19.  CONVERTIBLE EQUITY INSTRUMENTS 

On 16th August 2017, the Company passed a resolution that as of 26th July 2017, convertible loan note Holders be 
offered an additional bonus coupon of 3 years of interest at the relevant applicable rate of return for agreeing to the 
immediate conversion of the convertible loan note’s into ordinary shares. The convertible loan note holders are also 
subject to a restriction not to dispose of the relevant shares for a period of 12 months following conversion. 

40 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

The principal amount of the Convertible Equity Instrument for Tranches A to F that was recorded as shares to be 
issued reserve prior to conversion was as follows: 

£000 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

Total 

Balance as at January 
2016 
Addition to Equity (Interest) 
Bonus 3 years interest 

903 
(30) 
131 

Balance as at 26 July 2017 

1,004 

1,501 
42 
234 

1,777 

6,046 
642 
738 

7,426 

266 
7 
30 

303 

4,072 
127 
690 

4,889 

747 
28 
128 

903 

13,535 
816 
1,951 

16,302 

No of shares 

6,276,430 

7,407,099 

10,608,099 

303,287 

3,259,086 

601,213 

28,455,214 

20.  RESERVES 

The shares to be issued reserve represent the value of equity shares which could be issued in future accounting 
periods if the warrants in issue are exercised. 

The share based payment reserve represents the value of equity shares which could be issued in future accounting 
periods if the share based payment options in issue are exercised. 

The merger relief reserve was created as a result of the reverse merger reverse acquisition of Alexander David 
Investments plc. The reserve represents the difference between the fair value of the consideration transferred and 
the nominal value of the shares. This reserve has been written off as part of the balance sheet capital reduction 
exercise described below. 

The other reserve was created as a result of the reverse acquisition of Alexander David Investments Plc in the year 
and the accounting treatment required, which is described in note 2. The reserve is required due to the fact that the 
reverse acquisition accounting requires the legal parent's equity structure to be shown. 

Retained  earnings  represent  the  cumulative  profits  /  (losses)  of  the  entity  which  have  not  been  distributed  to 
shareholders. This reserve has been credited as part of the capital reduction exercise described below. 

On the 14th of September the High court granted the Company permission to cancel its share premium account and 
its capital redemption reserve. The order had previously been ratified at the AGM held on 30th June 2016. The £31m 
of distributable reserves arising from this transaction were taken to the capital reduction reserve. 

The Company also decided to cancel its merger relief reserve as part of the capital reduction exercise.  

21.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments are liquidity risk, foreign currency risk and credit risk. 
The directors regularly review and agree policies for managing each of these risks which are summarised below. 

Market risk 

Market risk encompasses three types of risk, being foreign currency exchange risk, price risk and fair value interest 
rate risk. The Group policies for managing fair value interest rate risk are considered along with those for managing 
cash flow interest rate risk and are set out in the subsection entitled ‘‘interest rate risk’’ below. The directors do not 
consider the Group’s exposure to price risk to be significant. The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the 
directors and focuses on actively securing the Group’s short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure 
to financial markets. The Group does not engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor 
does it write options. 

41 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is managed on a group basis. Credit risk arises principally from cash and cash equivalents and deposits 
with banks and financial institutions as well as credit exposure to customers including committed transactions and 
outstanding receivables. The Group reviews its banking arrangements carefully to minimise such risks and currently 
has no customers and therefore this risk is viewed as minimal. Management monitor loans between members of 
the group as part of their internal reporting and assess outstanding receivables for ability to be repaid. 

Liquidity risk 

The Group’s policy is to regularly monitor current and expected liquidity requirements to ensure that it maintains 
sufficient reserves of cash to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. The Group ordinarily finances 
its activities through cash generated from operating activities and private and public offerings of equity and debt 
securities. 

The  table  below  summarises  the  maturity  profile  of  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  based  on  contractual 
undiscounted payments: 

£000 

Less than 3 months  3 to 12 months 

Total 

2016 

Trade and other payables 
Convertible Loan Notes (debt) 

1,646 
161 

1,807 

3,871 
484 

4,355 

5,517 
645 

6,162 

2017 

£000 

Less than 3 months  3 to 12 months 

Total 

Trade and other payables 
Convertible Loan Notes (debt) 

2,112 
2 

2,114 

4,809 
7 

4,816 

6,921 
9 

6,930 

Due to the nature of the Group, it’s difficult to forecast financial liabilities greater than 12 months out as said liabilities 
are subject to change based upon a multitude of variables. 

Foreign currency risks 

The group operates internationally although the majority of its operations are based in the United Kingdom and the 
majority of assets and liabilities denominated in Pounds sterling. It therefore is exposed to foreign exchange risk 
arising from exposure to various currencies primarily the Euro and US Dollar.  

The Group monitors currency exchange rates and makes judgments as to whether to enter into currency hedging 
contracts. Currently no such hedging contracts are in place. 

Interest rate risk 

The Group has limited exposure to interest-rate risk arising from its bank deposits. These deposit accounts are held 
at variable interest rates based on Allied Irish Bank base rate.  

The directors do not consider the impact of possible interest rate changes based on current market conditions to 
be material to the net result for the year or the equity position at the year-end for either the year ended 31 December 
2017 or 31 December 2016. 

22.  CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

For the purpose of the Group’s capital management, capital includes called up share capital, share premium, shares 
to be issued reserve, convertible loan note reserve, shares to be issued reserve (warrants), capital reduction reserve 

42 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the parent as reflected in the statement of financial 
position. 

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern and to maximise shareholder value through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The Group adjusts its capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions and expected business demands 
on capital. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Group considers whether or not to pay dividends 
and  adjusts  the  amount  of  any  dividend  payments  to  shareholders.  The  Group  may  also  return  capital  to 
shareholders or issue additional shares. 

23.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Group 

Trade payables 
Accruals  
Convertible loan note liability 

Company 

Trade payables 
Accruals  
Convertible loan note liability 

2017 
£000  
2,775 
505 
234 

2016 
£000  
1,213 
299 
225 

3,514 

1,737 

2017 
£000  
596 
390 
234 

2016 
£000  
998 
67 
225 

1,221 

1,290 

24.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Tiziana Pharma Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. During the year, Tiziana Life 
Sciences Plc transferred £2,566k (2016: £4,186k) in total to Tiziana Pharma Limited. Included within Investment in 
subsidiaries of Tiziana Life Sciences Plc’s company financial statements at the balance sheet date is £6,752k (2016: 
£4,186k) owed by Tiziana Pharma Limited. 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. During the year, Tiziana Life 
Sciences  Plc  transferred  £1,744k  (2016:  £958k)  to  Tiziana  Therapeutics  Inc.  Included  within  investment  in 
subsidiaries of Tiziana Life Sciences plc’s company financial statements at the balance sheet date is £2,702k (2016: 
£958k) owed by Tiziana Pharma Limited. 

25.  OPERATING LEASES 

The Group leases a number of office premises under operating lease. The future minimum rentals payable under 
non-cancellable operating leases as at 31 December are as follows: 

Less than one year 
Between one and five years 

Lease expenses during the period amount to £110k (2016: £119k).  

2017 
£000  
216 
447 

2016 
£000  
216 
496 

663 

712 

43 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

26.  POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 

On 16th January 2018, the Company raised £150k by the issue of 100,000 new ordinary shares at a price of 150p 
per share. Each issued share has a warrant attached entitling the holder to subscribe for one new ordinary share 
at an exercise price of 160p per share, exercisable until 15 January 2024. Fees in connection with the placing are 
to be satisfied through the issue of an additional 63,334 warrants on the same terms. 

On 22nd January 2018, the Company raised £100k by the issue of 66,667 new ordinary shares at a price of 150p 
per share. Each issued share has a warrant attached entitling the holder to subscribe for one new ordinary share 
at an exercise price of 160p per share, exercisable until 15 January 2024. Fees in connection with the placing are 
to be satisfied through the issue of an additional 13,333 warrants on the same terms. 

On 5th March 2018, the Company raised £600kby the issue of 600,000 new ordinary shares at a price of 100p per 
share. Fees in connection with the placing are to be satisfied through the issue of an additional 78,000 warrants at 
an exercise price of 100p per share, exercisable until 5 March 2023. 

On 4th April 2018, the Company appointed Mr Leopoldo Zambeletti to  the Board as a non-executive director with 
responsibility for strategic development. Mr Zambeletti will also chair the Nomination Committee and serve as a 
member on the Audit Committee. 

On 16th April 2018, the Company  entered into an exclusive license agreement for novel technology discovered by 
Dr Howard Weiner at the Brigham and Women's Hospital ("BWH"), Harvard Medical School. Tiziana has agreed to 
pay certain milestone payments up until 31 December 2033, dependent on the outcome of clinical trials, in addition 
to a low single digit percentage of net sales to BWH in royalties. 

On 19th April 2018, the Company  raised £825k by the issue of 1,031,250 new ordinary shares at a price of 80p per 
share  

In addition, on 24th April 2018, the Company issued 51,563 new ordinary shares credited as fully paid and 51,563 
warrants exercisable at a price of 80p per share to intermediaries in lieu of commissions on the funds raised. The 
Company also announced that it had allotted 23,014 ordinary shares in the Company at a price of 70p per share in 
relation to a shortfall in capitalized interest due to a former holder of the Company's Class C convertible loan notes 
which was discovered during the annual audit process. 

On 1st May 2018, the Company announced that the Board had awarded 2,500,000 options to Kunwar Shailubhai in 
exchange for his agreement to  waive his rights under his realisation bonus. The options are exercisable at a price 
of 81.75 pence per share. These options will vest immediately but are only exercisable on a change of control event. 
In addition Dr Shailubhai was awarded options to acquire 4,000,000 ordinary shares in the capital of the Company. 
The options are exercisable at a price of 81.75 pence per share. The options will vest in equal tranches over four 
years beginning on the date of grant. 

Additional awards were made to Leopoldo Zambeletti and Gabriele Cerrone. Leopoldo Zambeletti  was awarded 
options to acquire 550,000 ordinary shares in the capital of the Company.  The options are exercisable at a price 
of 81.75 pence per share.  The options will vest in equal tranches over four years beginning on the date of grant.  
Gabriele Cerrone was also awarded options to acquire 550,000 ordinary shares in the capital of the Company.  The 
options vest and are exercisable at a price of 81.75 pence per share contingent on the volume weighted average 
share price exceeding 163.50 pence for five trading days. 

A further 600,000 options to acquire ordinary shares in the capital of the Company at 81.75 pence per were awarded 
to new staff members. The options are exercisable at a price of 81.75 pence per share.  The options will vest in 
equal tranches over four years beginning on the date of grant. 

A further 200,000 options to acquire ordinary shares in the capital of the Company at 81.75 pence per share were 
awarded to Arun Sanyal, our most recent member of our scientific advisory board. The Company also granted Dr 
Howard  Weiner    options  to  acquire  1,000,000  ordinary  shares  exercisable  at  a  price  of  81.75  pence  per 
share.  These options are subject to clinical milestones reflective of the development objectives of the Company's 
anti-CD3 program. 

A further 100,000 options to acquire ordinary shares in the capital of the Company at a price of 81.75 pence per 
share were granted to another consultant, the exercise of which are conditional upon a change of control of the 
Company  in  consideration  for  the  surrender  of  a  realisation  bonus  (which  could  otherwise  have  crystallised  a 
significant cash cost to the Company). 

On 16th May 2018, the Company announced that the Independent Data Monitor Committee (IDMC) completed a 
second, interim analysis of tolerability data from the first eleven treated patients and recommended expansion of 
the initial cohort to continue enrolment of an additional 20 patients to complete the trial. 

44 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 

27.  FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS 

The Group’s main financial commitments relate to the contractual payments in respect of its licensing agreements.  
Due  to  the  uncertain  nature  of  scientific  research  and  development  and  the  length  of  time  required  to  reach 
commercialisation of the products of this research and development, pre-clinical, clinical and commercial milestone 
obligations are not detailed until there is a reasonable certainty that the obligation will become payable.  Contractual 
commitments are detailed where amounts are known and certain. 

•  Milciclib  project  research  funding  of  approximately  £1m  has  been  committed  to  for  2018  and  beyond.    

Other payments relate to the achievement of clinical milestones or the payment of royalties. 

• 

Foralumab project –license fees payable for the continued development of Foralumab of $250k in 2018 
for a total fee payment of $750,000. Diligence obligations are payable to BMS / Medarex should the project 
continue. Other payments relate to the achievement of clinical milestones or the payment of royalties. 

45 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2017