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Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd

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FY2019 Annual Report · Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd
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COMPANY NUMBER 03508592 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 
ANNUAL REPORT & FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 

CONTENTS 

PAGE 

STATUTORY AND OTHER INFORMATION 

EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE 
SCIENCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1 

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8 

13 

21 

30 

34 

35 

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37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATUTORY AND OTHER INFORMATION 

Directors: 

Secretary: 

Registered Office: 

Principal Bankers: 

Auditors: 

Nominated Advisors: 

Nominated Brokers: 

Solicitors: 

Registrars:  

Mr G. M. A. Cerrone 
Dr K. Shailubhai 
Mr W. Simon 
Mr G. MacRae  

Accomplish Secretaries Limited 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB 

Allied Irish Bank, Ealing Cross, 85 Uxbridge Road, London, 
W5 5TH 

Mazars  LLP,  Tower  Bridge  House,  St  Katharine’s  Way, 
London, E1W 1DD 

Cairn  Financial  Advisers LLP,  62-63  Cheapside,  London, 
EC2V 6AX 

Optiva  Securities  Limited,  49  Berkeley  Square,  London, 
W1J 5AZ 

Orrick,  Herrington  &  Sutcliffe  (UK)  LLP,  107  Cheapside, 
London, EC2V 6DN 

Link Asset Services, The Registry, 34 Beckenham Road, 
Beckenham, BR3 4TU 

1 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

I  am  pleased  to  report  on  the  Company  (Tiziana  Life  Sciences  PLC)  and  its  subsidiaries,  together  the  ‘Group’, 
results for the year ended 31 December 2019. 

Background 

Tiziana Life Sciences plc is a publicly-listed (NASDAQ: TLSA; AIM:TILS) biotechnology company focused on the 
discovery and clinical development of innovative therapeutics for cancers, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. 
The Group combines field-leading medical scientists, providing deep knowledge and novel insights into disease 
mechanisms, together with a highly experienced clinical development team. Since its foundation in 2013, Tiziana 
Life Sciences has expanded its pipeline of assets to include clinical stage development therapeutic candidates in 
both oncology and immunology, as well as a pre-clinical drug discovery pipeline.  

Clinical Programmes 

The Group is focused on the discovery and development of novel molecules and related diagnostics to treat high 
unmet medical needs in oncology and immunology.  

Our lead product candidate in immunology are Foralumab (TZLS-401), which we believe is the only fully human 
anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, or mAb, in clinical development. MAbs represent a single pure antibody produced 
by single clones and are an important class of human therapeutics for treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. 
In addition, we are accelerating development of another fully human monoclonal antibody anti-IL6R (TZLS-501) to 
treat acute inflammation resulting from infection with viral agents such as Coronaviruses. Antibodies produced in 
animals for use in humans, lead to strong, immune responses limiting their effectiveness and potentially leading to 
severe side effects. A process known as “humanization” removes most of the animal components of the antibody 
thereby  lowering  the  immune  response  from  the  human  immune  system.  The  entire  omission  of  other  animal 
material, as in fully human antibodies, is the optimal goal to avoid incompatibility with the human immune system.  
Our lead product candidate in oncology is Milciclib (TZLS-201), which is an orally bioavailable, small molecule broad 
spectrum inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs, and Src family kinases. CDKs are a highly conserved 
family of enzymes that phosphorylate a specific group of proteins that are involved in regulating the cell cycle. The 
cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in cells leading to division and duplication of its DNA to produce two 
daughter cells. Src family kinases are non-receptor tyrosine kinase proteins encoded by the Src gene also involved 
in regulating cell growth and potential transformation of normal cells to cancer cells. We have a drug discovery 
pipeline of small molecule new chemical entities, or NCEs, and biologics. We employ a lean and virtual research 
and development, or R&D, model using highly experienced teams of experts for each business function to maximize 
value accretion by focusing resources on the drug discovery and development processes. Our mission is to design 
and deliver next generation therapeutics and diagnostics for oncology and immune diseases of high unmet medical 
need by combining deep understanding of disease biology with clinical development expertise. 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE 

Foralumab (TZLS-401 / NI-0401) 

Foralumab is a fully human engineered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAB). It was in-licensed in December 2014 
from Novimmune. In January 2016, Tiziana outlined its clinical development plan for Foralumab with initial plans to 
evaluate the drug in two clinical indications: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and inflammatory bowel disease 
(IBD). 

As  the  only  fully  human  engineered  human  anti-CD3  mAB  in  clinical  development,  Foralumab  has  significant 
potential advantages such as a shorter treatment duration and reduced immunogenicity. With completion of the 
intravenous  dosing  for  our  Phase  2a  trial  in  Crohn’s  Disease,  Foralumab’s  ability  to  modulate  T-cell  response 
enables potential extension into a wide range of other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as GvHD, 
ulcerative  colitis,  multiple  sclerosis,  type-1  diabetes  (T1D),  inflammatory  bowel  disease  (IBD),  psoriasis  and 
rheumatoid arthritis. 

Foralumab  is  being  developed  as  both  an  immunosuppressive  and  immunomodulatory  agent,  with  therapeutic 
benefits of  rendering  T-cells  unable to  orchestrate  an  immune  response  and  induction  of  immune  tolerance  via 
maintenance  of  regulatory  T-cells.  There  is  further  potential  for  Foralumab  to be combined  with the  Company’s 
TZLS-501, a fully human anti-IL-6R mAB in development to target autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. 

In November 2016, Tiziana announced new data for oral efficacy in humanized mouse models with Foralumab, a 
major milestone and a potential breakthrough for the treatment of NASH and autoimmune disease. This unique oral 
technology stimulates the natural gut immune system and potentially provides a therapeutic effect in inflammatory 
and  autoimmune  diseases  with  greatly  reduced  toxicity.  Positive  therapeutic  effects  with  Foralumab  were 
consistently demonstrated in animal studies conducted by Prof. Kevan Herold (Yale University) and Prof. Howard 
Weiner (Harvard University). 

On 16 April, 2018, the Group entered into an exclusive license agreement with The Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 
Inc.  relating  to  a  novel  formulation  of  Foralumab  dosed  in  a  medical  device  for  nasal  administration.  An 
investigational new drug application (IND) for the first-in-human evaluation of the nasal administration of Foralumab 
in  healthy  volunteers  for  progressive  multiple  sclerosis  indication  was  filed  in  the  second  quarter  of  2018. 
Subsequent to IND approval, a single-site, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging Phase 1 trial with nasally 
administered  Foralumab  at  10,  50  and  250  µg  per  day,  consecutively  for  5  days  to  evaluate  biomarkers  of 
immunomodulation of clinical responses was initiated in November 2018. The trial conducted at the Brigham and 
Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, in healthy volunteers. 18 subjects received Foralumab 
treatment  and  9  patients  received  placebo.  All  nasal  doses  were  well  tolerated.  The  study  was  completed  in 

3 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

September 2019.  Phase 1 clinical data demonstrated that nasally administered Foralumab, was well-tolerated and 
no drug-related safety issues were reported at any of the doses. No drug-related changes were observed in vital 
signs among subjects at pre-dose, during treatment and at discharge. The mean blood pressure (BP) during the 5 
days of treatment were; Cohort A (10 µg/d):124/73, Cohort B (50 µg/d): 119/67 and Cohort C (250 µg/d):113/65 
compared to placebo:118/67). Heart rates, respiratory rates and oral temperatures were unchanged among the 3 
cohorts compared to the placebo. Nasally administered Foralumab at the 50 µg dose suppressed cytotoxic CD8+ 
as well as perforin secreting CD8+ cells, which have been implicated in neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis 
(MS). Treatment at 50 mg stimulated production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and suppressed production of 
pro-inflammatory  cytokine  IFN-γ.  Taken  together,  the  treatment  showed  significant  positive  effects  on  the 
biomarkers for activation of mucosal immunity, which are capable of inducing site-targeted immunomodulation to 
elicit anti-inflammatory effects. 

An  enteric-coated  capsule  formulation  using  a  proprietary  and  novel  technology  has  been  developed  for  oral 
administration of Foralumab. cGMP manufacturing of clinical trial materials for a Phase 1 study has been completed 
and an IND has been submitted in March 2019.  

On September 9, 2019, the FDA granted approval to initiate the Phase I clinical trials to evaluate the safety and 
pharmacokinetics of oral Foralumab at 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/day as a single ascending dose study. The study was 
completed in December 2019 at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA USA).  Formulated Foralumab powder 
encapsulated in enteric-coated capsule was well-tolerated at all doses tested and there were no drug-related safety 
issues observed even at the highest dose of 5 mg in this trial.  Based on successful Phase 1 data, we intend to 
conduct a Phase 2 study using Crohn’s Disease patients starting in the second half of 2020. 

Milciclib (TZLS-201) 

Milciclib,  Tiziana’s  lead  small  molecule  drug,  was  exclusively  licenced  in  January  2015  from  Nerviano  Medical 
Sciences. Milciclib is an orally bioavailable, broad spectrum inhibitor of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs): 1, 2, 4, 
5  and  7  and  Src  family  kinases.  Cyclin  dependent  kinases  are  a  family  of  highly  conserved  enzymes  that  are 
involved in regulating the cell cycle. Src family kinases regulate cell growth and potential transformation of normal 
cells to cancer cells. A unique feature of Milciclib is its ability to reduce microRNAs, miR- 221 and miR-222, which 
silence gene expression. miR-221 and miR-222 promote the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) that are 
important  for  the  spread  of  cancer  cells  (metastasis).  Levels  of  these  microRNAs  are  consistently  increased  in 
hepatocellular carcinoma (“HCC”) patients and may contribute towards resistance to treatment with Sorafenib. As 
a result, the Group are investigating Milciclib both as a monotherapy and as a combination treatment with Sorafenib. 

To date, Milciclib has been studied in a total of eight completed and ongoing Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in 316 
patients. In these trials, Milciclib was observed to be well-tolerated and showed initial signals of anti-tumour action. 
Prior to in-licensing, Milciclib was granted orphan designation by the European Commission and by the U.S. Food 
and  Drug  Administration  (“FDA”)  for  the  treatment  of  malignant  thymoma  and  an  aggressive  form  of  thymic 
carcinoma  in  patients  previously  treated  with  chemotherapy.  In  two  Phase  2a  trials,  CDKO-125a-006  and 
CDKO125a-007, Milciclib showed signs of slowing disease progression and acceptable safety. 

The  Group  initiated  a  Phase  2a  trial  (CDKO-125a-010)  of  Milciclib  safety  and  tolerability  as  a  single  therapy  in 
Sorafenib-resistant  patients  with  HCC  in  the  first  half  of  2017.  Typically,  this  population  of  patients  have  an 
advanced form of the disease with poor prognosis and an average overall survival expectancy of 3-5 months In 
May 2018, the Independent Data Monitor committee (IDMC) completed an interim analysis of tolerability data from 
the first eleven treated patients and recommended expansion of the initial cohort to an additional 20 patients to 
complete the trial enrolment, which was completed in December 2018. . 

In  March  2019,  the  Independent  Monitoring  Committee,  or  IDMC,  reviewed  safety  data  from  patients  as  of 
February 26,  2019  and  concluded  that  the  administration  of  Milciclib  to  patients  with  advanced  HCC  was  not 
associated with unexpected signs or signals of toxicity. 28 out of 31 treated patients were evaluable, 14 completed 
the 6-month duration study. The most frequent adverse events such as diarrhea, ascites, nausea, fatigue, asthenia, 
fever, ataxia, headache, and rash were manageable. No drug-related deaths were recorded. 

The clinical activity assessment in evaluable patients was based on the independent radiological review using the 
modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST).   

·14 out of 28 (50%) evaluable patients completed 6-month duration of the trial. 

··Both median TTP and PFS were 5.9 months (95% Confidence Interval ("CI") 1.5-6.7 months) out of the 6-

months duration of the trial. 

·16 of 28 (57.1%) evaluable patients showed 'Stable Disease'  

·One patient (3.6%) showed unconfirmed 'Partial Response' (PR). 

·17  of  28  (60.7%)  evaluable patients showed  'Clinical  Benefit  Rate'  defined  as  CBR=CR+PR+SD  (with  CR 

representing Complete Remission). 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

The Phase 2a trial was completed in June 2019 with clinical safety and efficacy result reported in July 2019. 

Since overexpression of CDKs and dysregulation in pRB pathway (regulates transcription factors critical for cell 
cycle  progression)  are  prominently  associated  with  tumor  cell  resistance  to  certain  chemotherapeutic  drugs, 
inhibition of multiple CDKs is an appealing approach to improve clinical responses in cancer patient’s refractory to 
existing treatment options. A Phase 1 dose-escalation study of Milciclib in combination with gemcitabine in patients 
with refractory solid tumors exhibited clinical activity in patients including those refractory to gemcitabine. We plan 
to explore a combination approach in patients with HCC. 

Pre-Clinical Programmes 

In pre-clinical development, the Group has two programmes: 

Anti-IL6R (TZLS-501) 

TZLS-501  is  a  fully  human  engineered  mAb  targeting  the  interleukin-6  receptor  (IL-6R).  Tiziana  Life  Sciences 
licensed the intellectual property from Novimmune in January 2017. This fully human mAb has a unique mechanism 
of action that binds to both the membrane-bound and soluble forms of the IL-6R resulting in lowering of circulating 
levels  of  IL-6  in  the  blood.  Excessive  production  of  IL-6  is  regarded  as  a  key  driver  of  chronic  inflammation, 
associated with autoimmune diseases such as multiple myeloma, oncology indications and rheumatoid arthritis, 
and the Group believes that TZLS-501 may have potential therapeutic value for these indications. 

In preclinical studies, TZLS-501 demonstrated the potential to overcome limitations of other IL-6 blocking pathway 
drugs. Compared to Tocilizumab and Sarilumab, while binding to the membrane-bound IL-6R complex TZLS-501 
has shown a higher affinity for the soluble IL-6 receptor as seen from the antibody binding studies conducted in cell 
culture.  TZLS-501  also  demonstrated  the  potential  to  block  or  reduce  IL-6  signaling  in  mouse  models  of 
inflammation. The soluble form of IL-6 has been implicated to have a larger role in disease progression compared 
to the membrane-bound form. (Kallen, K.J. (2002). “The role of trans signaling via the agonistic soluble IL-6 receptor 
in human diseases”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1592 (3): 323–343.). 

Recently,  chronic  inflammation  is  believed to  be  associated  with severe  lung  damage  observed  with  COVID-19 
infections and acute respiratory illness. China’s National Health Commission has recommended the use of anti-IL6-
R mAbs for treatment of inflammation and elevated cytokine levels (“cytokine storm”) in COVID-19 patients.  

StemPrintER 

StemPrintER is a multi-gene signature assay intended for use in patients diagnosed with estrogen-receptor positive 
ER+/HER2 negative breast cancers. The Group believes this in-vitro prognostic test will be used in conjunction with 
clinical  evaluation  to  identify  those  patients  at  increased  risk  for  early  and/or  late  metastasis.  StemPrintER  is 
designed to help physicians distinguish ER+/HER2 negative patients: 

■  with an elevated risk of early recurrence (<5 years) who could benefit from chemotherapy in addition 

to hormonal therapy 

■  with a high risk of late recurrence who could benefit from prolonged endocrine treatment up to 10 

years 

■  with a low risk of early recurrence who might be spared chemotherapy or be eligible for less 

aggressive treatments 

5 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

The diagnostic has a unique biological basis, being based on the detection of cancer stem cell markers, uses a 
reliable platform  (qRT-  PCR, FFPE),  and  has  been evaluated  in  an initial  retrospective validation  study  using a 
consecutive cohort of approximately 2,400 patients with breast cancer. The development team is preparing for a 
retrospective validation study using an independent cohort and has conducted a pre- submission meeting with the 
FDA. 

Financial summary 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

The Group has made a loss for the year of £7,178k (2018 restated: £6,063k). The loss is detailed in the consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income on page 32. 

Research and development costs were £2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to £4.1 
million for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease of £1.2 million. The decrease in cost is a result of the 
completion of the Miciclib Phase 2a of clinical trials during the first half of 2019.  

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

At the end of the year the Group cash balance amounted to £153k (2018: £4,165k) and the total assets of the Group 
amounted to £1,808k (2018: £5,436k).  To bolster our cash reserves, the Group raised $10m via a public offering 
of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) on the NASDAQ Global Market in March 2020 

Fund raising 

In the period, the Group successfully raised funds to further progress its on-going clinical trials and its pre-clinical 
pipeline. 

On  1  November  2019,  the  Company  announced  that  it  had  raised  £1,434,000  cash  by  issue  of  convertible 
unsecured loan notes, with warrants attached. The Loan Notes are expected to be short term instruments and carry 
a coupon of 16% per annum and are convertible (together with all accrued interest) into ordinary shares of nominal 
value £0.03 each in the capital of the Company at a conversion price of 42p. The warrants issued in connection 
with the Loan Notes entitle the holders to subscribe for one additional share per conversion share at the same price 
of 42p. The warrants may be exercised for a period of up to 5 years from their issue. 

Resignations 

Non-Executive Directors 

On  7  February  2019,  the  Group  announced  the  resignation  of  Riccardo  Dalla-Favera  MD  as  a  non-executive 
director. 

On  20  November  2019,  the  Group  announced  the  resignation  of  Mr  Leopoldo  Zambeletti  as  a  non-executive 
director, noting the significant business interests of Mr Zambeletti in a wide range of life sciences companies. 

COVID-19  

We remain cognisant of the potential impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on our operations and have taken the steps 
necessary to maintain the integrity of the Company's assets and the health and wellbeing of our employees. The 
Company is well financed, resilient and well positioned to weather any financial downturn occurring as a result of 
the outbreak. Indeed, the Company has raised additional funds through its ongoing "At the Market" or "ATM" Sales 
Agreement with Think Equity (a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc.) to raise up to US$20m from the 
sale of ADSs.  

We  are  also  aware  of  the  responsibility  we  have  as  a  member  of  the  global  healthcare  community  we  have 
developed investigational new technology to treat COVID-19 infections. 

Outlook and strategy 

We  have  continued  to  progress  our  pipeline  of  drugs  to  treat  rare  cancers  and  autoimmune  and  inflammatory 
diseases. 

We have developed investigational new technology to treat COVID-19 infections, which consists of direct delivery 
of anti-IL-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into the lungs using a handheld inhaler or nebulizer. 
Preclinical studies are ongoing and we hope to commence a trial investigating the direct delivery of an anti-IL-6 
mAb to the lungs using a portable inhaler. 

6 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

We have outlined our clinical development plan for Foralumab and anticipate to commence Phase 2 trials for oral 
administered  Foralumab  in  Crohn’s  disease  patients  and  nasally  administered  Foralumab  in  multiple  sclerosis 
patients. 

For Milciclib, we are planning to initiate a Phase 2b clinical trial in HCC patients with Milciclib in combination with a 
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Regorafenib or Sorafenib. 

We are continuing development of StemPrint ER diagnostic tester. Recently, StemPrintER results were announced, 
from  a  poster  selected  for  discussion  session  at  the  American  Society  of  Clinical  Oncology  (ASCO)  Virtual 
Conference,  demonstrating  the  superiority  of  StemPrintER  stem  cell  based  genomic  prognostic  tool  versus  the 
market  leader,  Oncotype  DX,  in  predicting  recurrence  in  ER+/HER2-  postmenopausal  breast  cancer  patients. 
Looking ahead, Tiziana is confident that it is well positioned to advance these programs to their next respective 
value inflection points. 

We would like to thank the staff and Board members for all their contributions and shareholders for their continued 
support during a successful year. 

Gabriele Cerrone 

Executive Chairman 

June 17th, 2020 

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TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Business review 

A review of the business, its results and strategic outlook is included in the Executive Chairman’s Statement on 
page 2. 

Key performance indicators 

The Board monitors the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that it considers appropriate for the industry and stage 
of development of the Group. The Group is a research and development based biotechnology company concerned 
with  a  number  of  pre-clinical  and  clinical  assets.  These  assets  require  sufficient  investment  to  reach  defined 
milestones by which the Group and its investors can judge the chances of ultimate success and thereby the value 
of the Group.  At this stage of Group development significant sources of revenue generation are unlikely and the 
Group is cash consuming.  The Group KPIs are therefore chosen to monitor the progress of the individual scientific 
programmes, the external market environment for the potential drugs being developed and the cash requirements 
of the Group. 

Financial KPIs 

Cash consumption 
The  cash  position  of  the  business  is  measured  on  a  continual  basis  with  reference  both  to  the  general  and 
administrative expenses required to run the Group, and more particularly to the cash required for ongoing research, 
development and acquisition of the Group’s scientific assets.  During 2019 the main use of the Group’s funds was 
completion of  Phase II for Milciclib on single agent trials, involving recruitment of patients across different countries 
(Italy, Greece and Israel) and completion of Phase I clinical trials with nasally and orally administered Foralumab in 
healthy  volunteers.  Management  monitors  its  cash  consumption  on  a  monthly  basis  and  a  cash  projection  is 
presented at every quarterly board meeting. 

The Group monitors current and projected cash consumption to ensure that there are sufficient funds available to 
develop the Group’s scientific assets.  The Group successfully raised additional cash during 2019 to fund research 
and development, to meet the Group's ongoing liabilities in respect of licence agreements, and for general working 
capital purposes. The Group maintains a virtual operating model resulting in low cash consumption for general and 
administrative expenses during the period.  

Share price 
The Group monitors its share price to determine whether the market view of the Group’s position and prospects is 
aligned  with  the  view  of  management,  and  to  consider  the  most  appropriate  time  to  raise  further  capital  in  the 
interest of the Group and current shareholders.  The Group raised funds via an initial public offering of American 
Depository Shares on the Nasdaq Global market in November 2018 at a share price of $0.99 per share and ended 
the financial period at $0.75 per share.  

Non-financial KPIs 

Successful Progress in clinical trials 

Completion of the Phase 2a Milciclib clinical trial. 

• 

• 

In March 2019, the Independent Monitoring Committee, or IDMC, reviewed safety data from patients as 
of February 26, 2019 and concluded that the administration of Milciclib to patients with advanced HCC 
was not associated with unexpected signs or signals of toxicity. 
 In June 2019, the Group completed the Phase 2a Milciclib clinical trial, with clinical safety and efficacy 
result reported in July 2019. 

Completion of Phase 1 Clinical Trials for Nasally and Orally Administered Foralumab. 

• 

27 healthy subjects were enrolled in and completed a Phase 1 clinical trial for progressive multiple 
sclerosis indication for nasally administered Foralumab.  

•  An enteric-coated capsule formulation using a proprietary and novel technology has been developed for 

oral administration of Foralumab.  
cGMP manufacturing of clinical trial materials for a Phase 1 study has been completed and an IND has 
been submitted in March 2019. 

• 

•  On September 9, 2019, the FDA granted approval to initiate the Phase I clinical trials to evaluate the 

safety and pharmacokinetics of oral Foralumab at 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/day as a single ascending dose   
study. The study was completed in December 2019 

8 

                                                                                          TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Other Considerations 

External (life sciences) market environment 
The Group monitors the life sciences market for a number of factors; 

•  New developments in drug research and development 
•  New medical treatment paradigms 
•  Patent filings by third parties pertinent to the Group’s programmes 
•  Existing and novel drugs in development by third parties 
•  Healthcare regulation and policy in the major territories 
•  Private and public financings of life science companies to indicate investor appetite for life science risk 

The  Group  is  developing  its  scientific  assets  within  the  European  and  US  territories,  but  for  potential  global 
application. The environment for life science companies was positive throughout 2019.  

Principal risks and uncertainties  

The Group assesses and monitors the inherent risks in the life sciences industry, as well as other micro and macro-
economic factors that may present risk to the Group’s progression. The Group also considers Group-specific risks 
such as research progress, personnel and operational facilities and collaborations. 

There are significant risks associated with any life science business. The Board believes that the following risks are 
the most significant, however, the risks listed do not necessarily comprise all those associated with an investment 
in the Group. In particular, the Group’s performance may be affected by changes in market or economic conditions 
and in legal, regulatory and/or tax requirements. The risks listed are not set out in any particular order of priority 
and this is not an exhaustive list of risks. 

If any of the following risks were to materialise, the Group’s business, financial condition, results or future operations 
could be materially and adversely affected. In such cases, the Group’s share price may decline and an investor 
may lose part or all of their investment. 

The main risks have been identified as follows: 

Risks Related to the Development of our Product Candidates 

• 

If we encounter substantial delays in clinical trials of our product candidates, we may be unable to obtain 
required regulatory approvals, and therefore will be unable to commercialize our product candidates on a 
timely basis or at all. 

•  We may fail to demonstrate the safety and therapeutic utility of our product candidates to the satisfaction 
of  applicable  regulatory  authorities,  which  would  prevent  or  delay  regulatory  approval  and 
commercialization. 

•  We depend on enrolment of patients in our clinical trials for our product candidates and may find it difficult 
to enrol patients in our clinical trials, which could delay or prevent us from proceeding with clinical trials of 
our  product  candidates  and  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  R&D  efforts  and  business,  financial 
condition and results of operations. 

•  Our product candidates and the process for administering our product candidates may cause undesirable 
side  effects  or  have  other  properties  that  could  delay  or  prevent  their  regulatory  approval,  limit  their 
commercial  potential  or  result  in  significant  negative  consequences  following  any  potential  marketing 
approval. 

•  Any contamination in our manufacturing process, shortages of raw materials or failure of any of our key 
suppliers to deliver necessary components could result in delays in our clinical development or marketing 
schedules. 

Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Capital 

•  We have incurred net losses in every year since our inception. We anticipate that we will continue to incur 

losses for the foreseeable future and may never achieve or maintain profitability. 

•  We need substantial additional funding to complete the development of our product candidates, which may 
not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed may 
force  us  to  delay,  limit  or  terminate  certain  of  our  product  development,  research  operations  or  future 
commercialization efforts, if any. 

•  Our  limited  operating  history  and  no  history  of  commercializing  pharmaceutical  products  may  make  it 
difficult to evaluate the success of our business to date and to assess the prospects for our future viability. 

9 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties 

•  We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials. 
If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we 
may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates. 

•  Our reliance on third parties requires us to share our trade secrets, which increases the possibility that a 

competitor will discover them or that our trade secrets will be misappropriated or disclosed. 

•  We  utilize,  and  expect  to  continue  to  utilize,  third  parties  to  conduct  our  product  manufacturing  for  the 

• 

foreseeable future, and these third parties may not perform satisfactorily. 
To the extent we rely on a third-party manufacturing facility for commercial supply, that third party will be 
subject to significant regulatory oversight with respect to manufacturing our product candidates. 

Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Product Candidates 

• 
• 

•  We currently have no marketing and sales force. If we are unable to establish effective sales, marketing 
and distribution capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market, sell and distribute our 
product  candidates  that  may  be  approved,  we  may  not  be  successful  in  commercializing  our  product 
candidates if and when approved, and we may be unable to generate any product revenue. 
The market opportunities for our product candidates may be smaller than we anticipate. 
The future commercial success of our product candidates will depend upon the degree of each product 
candidates’  market  acceptance  by  physicians,  patients,  third-party  payors  and  others  in  the  medical 
community. 
The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly approved products is uncertain. Failure to 
obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, could 
limit our ability to market those products. 

• 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property 

•  Our rights to develop and commercialize our product candidates are subject to the terms and conditions 
of licenses granted to us by others. If we fail to comply with our obligations under our existing and any 
future intellectual property licenses with third parties, we could lose license rights that are important to the 
business. 
If we are unable to obtain and maintain patent protection for our current product candidates, any future 
product candidates we may develop and our technology, or if the scope of the patent protection obtained 
is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products and technology similar 
or identical to ours. 

• 

•  Our  intellectual  property  licenses  with  third  parties  may  be  subject  to  disagreements  over  contract 
interpretation, which could narrow the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology 
or increase our financial or other obligations to our licensors. 
If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license intellectual property 
rights  from  third  parties  or  otherwise  experience  disruptions  to  our  business  relationships  with  our 
licensors, we could lose license rights that are important to our business. 

• 

•  We may not be successful in obtaining or maintaining necessary rights to our product candidates through 

acquisitions and in-licenses. 

•  Obtaining  and  maintaining  our  patent  protection  depends  on  compliance  with  various  procedural, 
document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and 
our  patent  protection  could  be  reduced  or  eliminated  as  a  result  of  non-compliance  with  these 
requirements. 

•  We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world. 
•  We may not be able to protect our trade secrets in court. 
• 
• 

Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing their intellectual property rights. 
Intellectual property litigation could cause us to spend substantial resources and distract our personnel 
from their normal responsibilities. 

•  We may be subject to claims asserting that our employees, consultants or advisors have wrongfully used 
or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of 
what we regard as our own intellectual property. 
If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name 
recognition in our markets of interest. 
Intellectual property rights and regulatory exclusivity rights do not necessarily address all potential threats. 

• 

• 

10 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Risks Related to Government Regulation 

•  Even if we complete the necessary clinical trials, we cannot predict when, or if, we will obtain regulatory 
approval to commercialize our product candidates and the approval may be for a narrower indication than 
we seek. 

• 

•  Delays  in  obtaining  regulatory  approval  of  our  manufacturing  process  and  facility  or  disruptions  in  our 
manufacturing process may delay or disrupt our product development and commercialization efforts. 
If our competitors are able to obtain orphan drug exclusivity for products that constitute the same drug and 
treat the same indications as our product candidates, we may not be able to have competing products 
approved by applicable regulatory authorities for a significant period of time. In addition, even if we obtain 
orphan drug exclusivity for any of our products, such exclusivity may not protect us from competition. 
•  Even if we obtain regulatory approval for a product candidate, our product candidates will remain subject 

to regulatory oversight. 

•  Even if we obtain and maintain approval for our product candidates in a major pharmaceutical market such 
as the United States, we may never obtain approval for our product candidates in other major markets. 
•  We  may  seek  a  conditional  marketing  authorization  in  Europe  for  some  or  all  of  our  current  product 

candidates, but we may not be able to obtain or maintain such designation. 

•  Healthcare  legislative  reform  measures  may  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  business  and  results  of 

operations. 

•  We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection 
and data security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business. 
•  We are subject to the U.K. Bribery Act, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption 
laws, as well as export control laws, import and customs laws, trade and economic sanctions laws and 
other laws governing our operations. 

•  Our relationships with customers, physicians and third-party payors will be subject, directly or indirectly, to 
federal  and  state  healthcare  fraud  and  abuse  laws,  false  claims  laws,  health  information  privacy  and 
security laws and other healthcare laws and regulations. If we are found in violation of these laws and 
regulations, we may be required to pay a penalty or be suspended from participation in federal or state 
healthcare  programs,  which  may  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. 
If we fail to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, we could become subject 
to fines or penalties or incur substantial costs. 

• 

Risks Related to our Business Operations 

•  We may not be successful in our efforts to identify or discover additional product candidates and may fail 
to capitalize on programs or product candidates that may be a greater commercial opportunity or for which 
there is a greater likelihood of success. 

•  Our future success depends on our ability to retain key employees, consultants and advisors and to recruit, 

• 

retain and motivate qualified personnel. 
If  we  are  unable  to  manage  expected  growth  in  the  scale  and  complexity  of  our  operations,  our 
performance may suffer. 

•  Our employees, principal investigators, consultants and commercial partners may engage in misconduct 
or  other  improper  activities,  including  non-compliance  with  regulatory  standards  and  requirements  and 
insider trading, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. 

•  Product  liability  lawsuits  against  us  could  cause  us  to  incur  substantial  liabilities  and  could  limit 

• 

commercialization of any product candidate that we may develop. 
Legal, political and economic uncertainty surrounding the planned exit of the United Kingdom or the U.K., 
from the European Union, or EU, may be a source of instability in international markets, create significant 
currency fluctuations, adversely affect our operations in the U.K. and pose additional risks to our business, 
revenue, financial condition, and results of operations. 

•  Exchange rate fluctuations may materially affect our results of operations and financial condition. 
•  Our internal computer systems, or those of our collaborators or other contractors or consultants, may fail 
or  suffer  security  breaches,  which  could  result  in  a  material  disruption  of  our  product  development 
programs. 

Gender of Directors and employees 

We recruit individuals who have the skills, experience and integrity needed to perform the roles to make Tiziana 
Life Sciences PLC a successful company. We note that there are no women on the board but that we recruit 
without regard to sex or ethnic origin, appointing and thereafter promoting staff based upon merit. 

The profile of the Group’s employees and directors at December 31, 2019, was as follows: 

11 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

December 31, 2019 

Male 

Female 

Total 

Number or persons who were Directors or 
officers of the Company 
Number of persons who were other employees 
of the Company 
Total employees at December 31,2019 

4 

2 

6 

- 

4 

4 

4 

6 

10 

Directors duties in relation to s172 Companies Act 2006  

The directors consider, that they have acted in the way they believe, in good faith, to promote the success of the 
Company for the benefit of its members as a whole and, in doing so, have regard (amongst other matters) to:  

• the likely consequences of any decisions in the long-term,  

• the interests of the Company’s employees,  

• the need to foster the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others,  

• the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and environment,  

• the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct, and  

• the need to act fairly between the shareholders of the Company.  

Long term value  
The  aim  of  all  business  resources  allocation  is  to  create  a  long-term  value,  being  a  development  and 
commercialisation of novel drugs.  

Our people  
Being  a  small  group  with  only  on  average  8  employees  (including  Executive  Directors),  there  is  a  high  level  of 
visibility between Board and employees.  

Business relationships  
The Board is aware of the importance of maintaining good relationship with its key suppliers whilst safeguarding its 
resources.  

For further details, please see page 15 for stakeholder engagement.  

Community and environment  
The Board seeks to support as many interactions with research and development community as possible through 
regular  meetings  and  continuous  collaborations.  For  further  details,  please  see  page  16  for  stakeholder 
engagement.  

Shareholders  
Shareholder communications are conducted via press releases or annual and interim reports on timely manner. For 
further details, please see page 15 for stakeholder engagement. 

Environmental Matters 

We currently outsource our research, development, testing and manufacturing activities. These activities are  
subject to various environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, which govern, among other things, the 
controlled use, handling, release and disposal of and the maintenance of a registry for, hazardous materials and 
biological materials. If we or our partners fail to comply with such laws and regulations, we could be subject to 
fines or other sanctions. 

As with other companies engaged in activities similar to ours, we face a risk of environmental liability inherent in 
our current and historical activities, including liability relating to releases of or exposure to hazardous or biological 
materials. Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations are becoming more stringent. We may be 
required to incur substantial expenses in connection with future environmental compliance or remediation 
activities, in which case, our production and development efforts may be interrupted or delayed. 

12 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

We are a company with a small number of employees. We have serviced offices and we currently outsource our 
research, development, testing and manufacturing activities. As a result we do not emit greenhouse gases from 
our own activities, nor do we purchase electricity, heat or steam for our own use. (Scope 1 and scope 2 
disclosures). 

However, we are aware that our activities do have an impact on GHG emissions through the work of our partners 
and our activities such as business travel. (Scope 3 disclosures). We have discussed with our partners the 
impact of our operations on emissions but they have not been able to provide the information for us to provide a 
meaningful analysis. 

Whilst we have few employees, we have activities in the US and Europe and we need to fly our employees, 
directors and consultants to effectively manage our business and operations. We recognize that we do have 
control over business travel and have therefore chosen to disclose our estimated related greenhouse gas 
emissions. 

By order of the Board 
Mr Willy Simon 
June 17th 2020 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB 

13 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT 

The Directors present their report and the financial statements of the Group and its Company for the year ended 
31st December 2019.  

Results and dividend 

The results of the Group for the year are set out on page 31. No dividends were declared or paid in the year (2018: 
nil). 

Directors 

The directors of the Company who were in office during the year and to the date of these financial statements were: 

Executive Chairman 

Mr Gabriele Cerrone 
Dr Kunwar Shailubhai                       Chief Executive Officer 
Mr Willy Simon 
Non-Executive Director, 
Dr Riccardo Dalla Favera                 Non-Executive Director (resigned, 7th February 2019) 
Mr Leopoldo Zambeletti  
Mr Gregor MacRae  

Non-Executive Director (resigned, 20th November 2019) 
Non-Executive Director (appointed, 21st January 2020) 

Significant shareholdings 

The directors have been notified or are aware of the following interests in 3% or more of the ordinary share capital 
of the company at 31st December 2019: 

Ordinary shares 

Number  

Percentage 

          63,680,404                     46.60% 
Planwise Group Limited* 
          32,970.762                     24.13% 
The Bank of New York (Nominees)   
Guaranty Nominees Limited                                                                                 15,543,630                     11.37% 
Security Services Nominees                                                                                  4,946,568                        3.62% 
            4,233,616                        3.10% 
Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl 

*Mr  Gabriele  Cerrone,  a  director,  is  the  ultimate beneficial owner  of  the  entire  issued share  capital  of  Planwise 
Group Limited. 

Pensions 

The  Group  operates  a  defined  contribution  pension  scheme  open  to  all  Executive  Directors,  Non-Executive 
Directors and employees. 

Political and charitable contributions  

There were no political or charitable contributions made by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2019 
(2018: £nil). 

Staff policy 

The Group is committed to a policy of recruitment and promotion on the basis of aptitude and ability. Applications 
for employment by disabled persons are given full and fair consideration having regard to their particular aptitudes 
and abilities. Where existing employees become disabled, it is the Group’s policy, wherever possible, to provide 
continuing  employment  under  normal  terms  and  conditions  and  to  provide  training,  career  development  and 
promotion wherever appropriate. 

Corporate governance 

The Group is firmly committed to business integrity, high ethical values, and professionalism in its activities and 
operations.  The  Board  is  committed  to  maintaining  the  highest  standards  of  corporate  governance  and  is 
accountable to the Company’s shareholders. The role of the Board is to provide strategic leadership to the Group 
within a framework of sensible and effective controls, which enables risk to be assessed and managed. The Board 
sets the Group’s strategic aims, ensures that the necessary financial and human resources are in place for the 
Group to meet its objectives, and reviews executives’ performance. The Board make certain that its obligations to 
its shareholders and others are understood and met. 

14 

                                                                                          TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

As an AIM listed company, Tiziana Life Sciences plc is required to adopt a corporate governance code. The Board 
of Directors of Tiziana Life Sciences plc has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code 
which they believe is the code that is most suitable for the Company, its subsidiaries and subsidiary undertakings 
having regard to its strategy, size, stage of development and resources. The Company’s corporate governance is 
reviewed on  a  regular  basis  by  the  Directors of  the company.  Tiziana  Life  Sciences  Plc operates  within  the  life 
science sector in an effective and efficient way, with integrity and due regard for the interests of shareholders and 
applies principles of general governance applicable to the size and stage of development of the Group. 

Board Structure 

The Board is currently comprised of four directors, the Executive Chairman, one Executive director and two Non-
Executive Directors. The directors of the Company have all been selected for their extensive experience in their 
specialised fields, making the Board well rounded and balanced. The composition of the Board is regularly reviewed 
through the Nomination committee. The wide range of skills among the directors helps to further the business and 
strategic  development  of  the Company  as  well  as  address any  anticipated  issued  in  the  foreseeable  future.  To 
ensure  the  Company’s  future  growth,  all  directors  are  subject  to  re-election  at  least  once  every  three  years, 
confirming the current directors all have the necessary experience and skills. The skills of each director complement 
one  another  guaranteeing  a  well-functioning  balanced  board,  led  by  the  Executive  Chairman.  The  Company 
maintains its governance structure through the Nomination Committee, Audit, Risk and Disclosure Committee and 
the Remuneration Committee. These Committees also support the Board in making the best decisions in the interest 
of the Company, shareholders and employees. The Board follow a formal schedule of matters and meet quarterly 
every year. All Directors are expected to provide a sufficient amount of time to the Company to fully exhibit and fulfil 
their  duties.  Each  Directors  time  spent  is  reviewed  annually  prior  to  recommending  their  re-election  to  the 
shareholders.  

The board is responsible to the shareholders and to ensure acceptable management to the group. 

The roles of the directors differ between Executive and Non-Executive directors, while both have fiduciary duties 
towards the group. The board is made up of Executive Chairman, Gabriele Cerrone, who has extensive experience 
in  the  financing  and  restructuring  of  micro-cap  biotechnology  companies  and  has  successfully  taken  several 
companies  to  the  NASDAQ  and  AIM  markets,  and  Kunwar  Shailubhai  who  has  many  years  of  scientific  and 
research  development  experience.  The  Executive  directors  are  responsible  for  the  operation  and  business 
development of the company. The Non-Executive officers, Willy Simon and Greg MacRae, have many years of 
experience  in  the  finance  industry,  who  act  as  independent  directors  providing  objective  judgment  and 
constructively challenge the management to ensure all strategies are completely considered.  

For the Board to carry out their duties in their entirety, they have full and timely access to all the relevant information  
they need. Directors, if necessary, are also permitted to take independent professional advice to further their roles 
at the expense of the Group. All Board members have access to the advice of the Company Secretary.  

15 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

Stakeholder engagement 

The Board seeks to understand and consider the views of the Group’s key stakeholders in Board 
discussions and decision making. 

Key Stakeholders and concerns 

Board Considerations 

Key Outcomes 

Employees 

Our present and future employees are 
key for the future success of the 
business 

Shareholders 

Our  Shareholders  have  been  highly 
supportive. We are actively encouraging 
retention  of  their 
investment  whilst 
trying  to  secure  new  Shareholders  and 
funding 

Executive directors update the Board 
with details of employee changes, 
concerns and recruitment prospects. An 
open, collaborative working 
environment with attractive 
remuneration  packages aligns 
employees’ with shareholders’ goals. 

The Board is in regular communication 
with its Shareholders via press releases, 
Annual and Interim Report. 

Staff turnover has been very low. 

All  our  employees  participate  in  share 
based incentives. 

The Company meets periodically with 
its Shareholders. Summary of these 
events are below: 

•  AGM, 31 May 2019 

•  Investor conferences, San 

Francisco USA, January 2019 

•  Interviews: both audio and TV with 
Proactive Investor, [Directors Talk, 
Vox Markets and Investor meet 
Company]. 

New  supplier  agreements  with  material 
threshold  need  to  be  approved  by  two 
directors. 

budgets, 
the 

With 
the 
supported 
development  community 
these objectives. 

research 

the 

Board 
and 
to  meet 

During the year, employees reduced 

their travel wherever reasonably 
practical, phone - conferencing instead 

The  Board  is  aware  of  the  importance  of 
maintaining  good  relationships  with  key 
suppliers  while  safeguarding  the  Group’s 
assets. It receives regular updates on main 
supply agreements. 

The  Board  seeks 
to  support  as  many 
interactions  with  research  and  development 
regular 
community  as  possible 
meetings and continuous collaborations. 

through 

Tiziana’s operations are relatively low in 
their impact on the environment. 

Business Partners 

We have worked closely with our 
suppliers to set up new commercial 
and development agreements 

Research and Development 
Community 

Environment 
The Group is conscious of the need to 
protect the environment 

Reputation 
Maintaining a strong reputation and 
acting within laws and regulations 
impacts the Group’s relationships with 
all stakeholder 

Internal Control and Risk Management 

Policies and procedures approved by the Board 
are  concentrated  on  maintaining  the  strong 
reputation of the Group within its employees, 
Shareholders,  suppliers,  regulators  and  other 
key stakeholders. 

Tiziana  continuously  monitors  and 
assesses  all  regulatory  developments 
to  ensure  that  any  issues  are  being 
addressed in decision making. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  Company’s  internal  control  and  reviewing  its  effectiveness.  The  Directors 
confirm that the Board has acknowledged this responsibility. The Directors confirm that there is an ongoing process 
for  reviewing internal controls  and effectiveness  as  well  as identifying,  evaluating,  and managing  the significant 
risks facing the Group and its subsidiaries. This process has been in place from 1 January 2017 and continues to 
be in place, the internal controls are reviewed on a regular basis.  

16 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

The  Group’s system of  internal  control is  designed  to  provide  the  Directors  with  reasonable  assurance  that  the 
Group’s assets are safeguarded, that transactions are authorised and properly recorded, and that material errors 
and irregularities are either prevented or would be detected within a timely period. However, no system of internal 
control  can  eliminate  the  risk  of  failure  to  achieve  business  objectives  or  provide  absolute  assurance  against 
material misstatement or loss. 

The key elements of the internal control system in operation are: 

• 

• 

The Board meets regularly with an agenda of matters reserved for their decision and has put in place an 
organisational  structure  with  clear  lines  of  responsibility  defined  and  with  appropriate  delegation  of 
authority. The Board receives periodic updates from both the Audit and Remuneration Committees. 
The Management team is responsible for the identification and evaluation of significant risks and for the 
design,  implementation  and  monitoring  of  appropriate  internal  controls,  including,  but  not  limited  to, 
financial and computer systems, business operations, and compliance. 

•  Management regularly reports to the Board on the key risks inherent in the business and on the way in 

• 

which these risks are managed. 
There are established procedures for planning, approving, and monitoring large expenditures, including 
capital expenditures, as well as processes for monitoring the Group’s financial perform. 

•  A comprehensive forecasting process is completed four times a year, prior to each board meeting, which 
is reviewed and approved by the Board. Detailed management accounts are produced on a monthly basis, 
with  all  significant  variances  investigated  promptly.  The  management  accounts  are  reviewed  and 
commented on a monthly basis by the management team. 
The  Group  maintains  appropriate  insurance  cover,  including  in  respect  of  actions  taken  against  the 
Directors because of their roles, as well as against material loss or claims against the Group. The insured 
values and type of cover are comprehensively reviewed on an annual basis. 

• 

Whistleblowing 

The company has formal arrangements in place to facilitate ‘whistle-blowing’ by employees. If a complaint is made, 
the content is sent anonymously by email to the Company’s Compliance Officer, so that appropriate action can be 
taken. 

Employment 

The company endeavours to appoint employees with appropriate skills, knowledge and experience for the roles 
they undertake and thereafter to develop, incentivise and retain staff. The Board recognises its legal 
responsibility to ensure the well-being, safety and welfare of the company's employees and maintain a safe and 
healthy working environment for them and our visitors. If an employee has a concern about unsafe conditions or 
tasks, they are encouraged to report their concerns immediately to their manager. 

Diversity Policy 

The Company is fully committed to the elimination of unlawful and unfair discrimination and values the 
differences that a diverse workforce brings to the organisation. The Company endeavours to not discriminate 
because of age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race 
(which includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins), religion or belief, sex, or sexual orientation. The 
Company will undertake an annual review of its policies and procedures to establish its position about 
compliance and best practice and monitor and promote a healthy corporate culture. 

The full QCA Compliance Statement can be found on the Company’s, Tiziana Life Sciences Plc, website.  

Audit Committee 

The Audit Committee of the Board comprises of Greg MacRae and Willy Simon. It is chaired by Greg MacRae, and 
is responsible for: 

i. 

ii. 

Monitoring the quality of internal controls and ensuring the financial performance of the Group is properly 
measured and reported on; 
Consideration of the Directors’ risk assessment and suggesting items for discussion at the full Board; 

17 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

iii. 

iv. 

v. 

Receipt and review of reports from the Company's management and auditors relating to the interim and 
annual accounts, including a review of accounting policies, accounting treatment and disclosures in the 
financial reports; 
Consideration  of  the  accounting  and  internal  control  systems  in  use  throughout  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries; and 
Overseeing the Company’s relationship with external auditors, including making recommendations to the 
Board  as  to  the  appointment  or  re-appointment  of  the  external  auditors,  reviewing  their  terms  of 
engagement, and monitoring the external auditors’ independence, objectivity and effectiveness. 

The audit committee meets not less than twice in each financial year and has unrestricted access to the Company's 
auditors. 

Nomination Committee 

The Nomination Committee of the Board comprises of Gabriele Cerrone and Willy Simon. It is chaired by Gabriele 
Cerrone, and is responsible for: 

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

  drawing up selection criteria and appointment procedures for directors; 

  recommending nominees for election to our board of directors and its corresponding committees; 

  assessing the functioning of individual members of our board of directors and executive officers and 
reporting the results of such assessment to the board of directors; and 

iv. 

  developing corporate governance guidelines. 

Remuneration Committee 

The  Remuneration  Committee  of  the  Board  comprises  of  Willy  Simon  and  Greg  MacRae.  It  is  chaired  by  Willy 
Simon, and is responsible for: 

i. 
ii. 

iii. 

The review of the performance of the executive directors; 
Recommendations  to  the  Board  on  matters  relating  to  the  remuneration  and  terms  of  service  of  the 
executive directors; and 
Recommendations to the Board on proposals for the granting of share options and other equity incentives 
pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time. 

In  making  their  recommendations  the  Remuneration  Committee  will  have  due  regard  to  the  interests  of  the 
Shareholders and the performance of the Company. 

Statement of directors’ responsibilities  

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Directors’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company Law requires the directors to prepare group and company financial statements for each financial year. 
The directors are required by the AIM Rules of the London Stock Exchange to prepare group financial statements 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) 
and have elected to prepare the Company financial statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU. 

Under Company Law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they 
give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the Group and the financial performance and 
cash flows of the Group for that year. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:  

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether in preparation of the Group and Company financial statements the Group and Company has 
complied with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the Group financial statements; 
prepare the accounts on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company 
will continue in business. 

• 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Group’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Group and 

18 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible 
for safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors indemnity 

The Company’s Articles of Association provide, subject to the provisions of UK legislation, an indemnity for directors 
and officers of the Company in respect of liabilities they may incur in the discharge of their duties or in the exercise 
of their powers, including any liabilities relating to the defence of any proceedings brought against them which relate 
to  anything  done  or  omitted, or  alleged  to  have been  done  or omitted,  by  them as  officers  or  employees  of  the 
Company. 

Appropriate directors and officer’s liability insurance cover is in place in respect of all Company directors. 

Assessment of likely impact of the UK’s proposed withdrawal from the European Union (‘Brexit’) 

The Directors have assessed the impact of Brexit on the Group. The Group’s key personnel are located outside of 
the European Union so Brexit will not have a material impact on its personnel or its ability to recruit appropriately 
qualified staff. 

The  Italian  Medicines  Agency  (AIFA)  have  advised  all  sponsors  of  clinical  trials  who  have  engaged  with  UK 
companies that they will be obliged to appoint a legal representative who is established in an EU member state.  
Whilst the Group is impacted by this, it has accommodated this request via the appointment of Longevia Genomics 
SRL  as  the  legal  representative  of  the  Group  in  this  regard  and  will  use  this  approach  for  any  similar  future 
requirements. 

Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since spread to multiple 
countries,  including  the  United  States  and  several  European  countries.  On  March  11,  2020,  the  World  Health 
Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic.  

The Company does not believe that the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic will have an adverse effect on the 
Company’  operations.  Indeed,  the  Company  has  raised  substantial  funds  during  the  pandemic  to  enable  it  to 
expedite development of TZLS-501 as well as other initiatives within its project pipeline. 

Disclosure of information to auditor 

So far as the Directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware, 
and they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to make themselves aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. 

Auditor 

Mazars LLP have indicated their willingness to continue in office as auditor for another year. In accordance with 
section 489 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that Mazars LLP be reappointed as auditors of the 
Company will be put to the Annual General Meeting.  

Future developments 

The Executive Chairman’s Statement on pages 2 to 6 provides a summary of future developments of the Group. 

Research and development activities 

The research and development activities of the Group are described in the Executive Chairman’s Statement on 
page 2 to 6. 

19 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

Relations with shareholders  

The Board values good relations with the Company’s shareholders and understands the importance of effectively 
communicating the Company’s operational and financial performance as well as its future strategy. The Company’s 
website  provides  financial  information  as  well  as  historical  news  releases  and  matters  relating  to  corporate 
governance.  

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  and  the  CEO  maintain  ongoing  dialogue  with  shareholders  and  communicate  their 
views to the Board. The Board recognizes it is accountable to shareholders and ensures that their views are taken 
into  account in  agreeing  the Company’s strategy  and other  operational  matters.  The  Board  also  recognizes  the 
importance of treating all shareholders equally.  

Annual and interim results are communicated by regulatory news services as are ad hoc operational and regulatory 
releases.  Shareholders  may  also  attend  the  Annual  General  Meeting  where  they  can  discuss  matters  with  the 
board. 

Post balance sheet events 

Subsequent  to  the  year  end  the  Group  announced  that  it  had  appointed  advisers  in  relation  to  an  intended 
redomicile of the Company to Bermuda, as a consequence of the redomicile the Company will not be seeking to 
re-admit its ordinary shares on AIM and will therefore seek shareholder consent for its shares to be cancelled from 
AIM when the redomicile occurs. The timing of this exercise has been delayed due to COVID-19. 

The Group also appointed Gregor MacRae as a non-executive director in January 2020. 

The Group also announced that it had appointed advisers in relation to an intended redomicile of the Company to 
Bermuda, as a consequence of the redomicile the Company will not be seeking to re-admit its ordinary shares on 
AIM and will therefore seek shareholder consent for its shares to be cancelled from AIM when the redomicile occurs. 
The timing of this exercise has been delayed due to COVID-19. 

The Group also raised $10m in a public offering of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) on the NASDAQ Global 
Market, that closed in March 2020. 

The  Group  expedited  the  development  of  TZLS-501,  (anti-IL6R)  monoclonal  antibody  (mAb)  for  treatment  of 
patients  infected  with  coronavirus  COVID-19  (SARS-CoV-2).  Tiziana  plans  to  administer  TZLS-501  using  a 
proprietary formulation technology.  

The Group acquired all of the intellectual property relating to a nanoparticle-based formulation of Actinomycin D 
(Act  D;  a.k.a.  Dactinomycin),  from  Rasna  Therapeutics,  Inc,  a  related  party,    to  expand  its  pipeline  for  a 
consideration  of  an  initial  $120,000  upfront  payment  and  milestone  payments  of  up  to  an  additional  aggregate 
$630,000. The Group has also filed a provisional patent application on the combination of nanoparticle-Actinomycin 
D  (NP-ACT  D)  with  anti-interleukin-6  receptor  monoclonal  antibody  (anti-IL-6R)  as  a  potential  therapy  for 
management of COVID-19 disease.   

The Group entered into an "At the Market" or "ATM" Sales Agreement with Think Equity (a division of Fordham 
Financial  Management,  Inc.)  to  raise  up  to  US$20m  from  the  sale  of  ADSs  (each  representing  5  new  ordinary 
shares). During the month of May 2020, the Group raised $1,985,004 under this agreement. 

In addition, the Group has raised an additional £710,843 from the conversion of warrants during the months of May 
and June 2020. 

Financial instruments 

The use of financial instruments is considered by the Board and the exposure of the Group to price, credit, liquidity 
and cash flow risks are considered.  Details of the risks and mitigation can be found in the Strategic Report on 
pages 8 to 11, and at note 2 to the financial statements. 

By order of the Board 

Mr Willy Simon 
 June 17th  2020 

20 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REPORT 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St James’s Square, London, SW1Y 4LB

21 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

Letter from the Chair of the Remuneration Committee 

Dear Shareholders,  

On behalf of the Remuneration Committee, I am pleased to present our Directors’ Remuneration Report for the 
year ended December 31, 2019  which will be subject to an advisory vote under a resolution to be proposed at the 
2020 Annual General Meeting (“AGM”). Shareholders approved the Remuneration Policy at the 2018 AGM. 

I  hope  that  you  will  be  supportive  of  our  remuneration  approach  and  will  vote  in  favour  of  the  Directors' 
Remuneration Report. 

Key activities and decisions in the year ended December 31, 2019 

Since January 1, 2019, the Committee has undertaken the following key decisions and activities.  

• 

The Chairman drew the attention to the Company's financial position and its financing plans and noted 
that certain executive officers had accepted temporary salary reductions.   

•  Resolved that in light of the Company’s financial situation, decisions regarding compensation and share 

options should be deferred until the Company's financing strategy had been implemented. 

The  Company  has  made  significant  progress  during  2019  in  the  clinical  development  on  Foralumab,  with  the 
completion of Phase I clinical trials for the first in-human evaluation of the nasal and oral administration of Foralumab 
and  the  completion  of  Phase  2a  trials  in  Milciclib,  along  with  the  strengthening  of  the  financial  position  of  the 
Company through fundraising.  

I  hope  that  you  remain  supportive  of  our  remuneration  approach  and  will  vote  in  favour  of  the  Directors' 
Remuneration Report. 

Yours faithfully, 

Willy Simon 
Chair of the Remuneration Committee 
June 17th, 2020 

22 

                                                                                          TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

Annual report on Remuneration 

The information in this part of the Directors Remuneration Report (“DRR”) is subject to audit. 

Single total figure of remuneration of each Director 

The Directors received the following remuneration for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2019 
£’000 
Executive 
Gabriele Cerrone 
Kunwar Shailubhai 
Non - Executive 
Willy Simon 
Leopoldo  Zambeletti   
(1) 
Riccardo Dalla Favera 
(2) 

Base 
Salary  

Bonus 

80 
470 

38 
- 

2 

143(5) 
159 

- 
- 

- 

Share-based 
payment  (3) 

Other (4) 

2019 Total 

296 
695 

- 
- 

- 

- 
32 

- 
- 

- 

32 

519 
1,356 

38 
- 

2 

1,915 

Total 

590 

302 

991 

Year Ended 
December 31, 2018 
£’000 
Executive 
Gabriele Cerrone 
Kunwar Shailubhai 
Non - Executive 
Willy Simon 
Riccardo Dalla Favera 
(2) 
Leopoldo Zambeletti 

Base 
Salary  

Bonus 

93 
225 

38 
20 

- 

- 
79 

- 
- 

- 

Total 

376 

79 

Share-based 
payment  (3) 

Other (4) 

2018 Total 

272 
618 

- 
1 

46 

937 

- 
15 

- 
- 

- 

15 

365 
937 

38 
21 

46 

1,407 

(1)  Resigned 20th November 2020 
(2)  Resigned 7th February 2019 
(3)  Shares based payments represent the fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 

31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. 

(4)  Other benefits represent healthcare benefits 
(5)  Bonus covers the period June 9, 2016 to December 31, 2019 

No payments were made towards a pension plan for our executive directors. 

A share price appreciation of 50% would have no impact on performance related pay. 

Statement of Directors’ Shareholding and Share Interests 

The table below details the total number of shares owned (including their beneficial interests), the total number of 
share options held and the number of share options vested but not yet exercised as at December 31, 2019: 

Year Ended December 
31, 2019 
Executive 
Gabriele Cerrone 
Kunwar Shailubhai 
Non - Executive 
Willy Simon 

Shares  

Options – not yet 
vested 

Options – vested 
not yet exercised 

Total (Shares and 
options) 

64,225,925 
5,000 

3,809,403 
5,700,000 

3,200,000 
1,500,000 

71,235,328 
7,205,000 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

64,230,925 

9,509,403 

4,700,000 

78,440,328 

23 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

The interests of the Directors in the Company’s share options are as follows: 

Director 

Granted 

Date of grant  Price 

per 

Vesting Criteria 

Expiry Date 

Gabriele 
Cerrone 

1,200,000 

25 April 2014 

share £ 
0.15 

25  per  cent.  Will  vest  on 
each 
24/04/2015, 
24/04/2016,  24/04/2017, 
24/04/2018 

of 

10  years  from  date 
of vesting 

2,000,000 

26 
2016 

January 

0.35 

Immediate 

3,259,403 

9 June 2016 

1.50 

weighted  average  of  an 
ordinary  share  must  be 
greater  than  £3  for    120 
consecutive dealing days 

550,000 

1 May 2018 

0.8175 

Kunwar 
Shailubhai 

300,000 

25 April 2014 

0.15 

price 

share 
reaching 
£1.635  on  a  volume 
weighted  average  for  5 
trading days 
25  per  cent.  Will  vest  on 
each 
24/04/2015, 
24/04/2016,  24/04/2017, 
24/04/2018 

of 

10  years  from  date 
of vesting 

9 June 2026 

1 May 2028 

10  years  from  date 
of vesting 

400,000 

August 

1.595 

30 
2017 

25  per  cent.  will  vest  on 
each  of  30  August  2018, 
2019, 2020 and 2021 

30 August 2027 

2,500,000 

1 May 2018 

0,8175 

Vesting only on change of 
control 

1 May 2028 

4,000,000 

1 May 2018 

0,8175 

25  per  cent.  will  vest  on 
each  of  30  April  2019, 
2020, 2021 and 2022 

10  years  from  date 
of vesting 

Total Shareholder Return 

The graph below shows the Company’s performance, measured by total shareholder return, for UK ordinary 
shares listed on AIM against the AIM All Share Index (AIM: TILS). The AIM All Share Index has been selected for 
this comparison because Tiziana Life Sciences PLC has been trading on this exchange for five years and is 
considered to be the most suitable comparator index. 

Total Shareholder Return 
(Source: Investing.com) 

24 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

300%

250%

200%

150%

100%

50%

0%

Jun-14

Dec-14

Jun-15

Dec-15

Jun-16

Dec-16

Jun-17

Dec-17

Jun-18

Dec-18

Jun-19

Dec-19

AIM All Share TSR

TILS TSR

Chief Executive Officer Total Remuneration History 

2018 was the first year that Tiziana Life Sciences PLC prepared a Directors' Remuneration Report and took the 
exemption not to disclose 5 years of history of remuneration. The Company has chosen to disclose remuneration 
history from 2018 onwards.  

Total CEO Renumeration (£000) 

2019 

938 

2018 

858 

Percentage change of Chief Executive Officer Total Remuneration 

Base Salary 

Short term incentives 

Taxable Benefits (1) 

Percentage increase for the year ended December 31, 
2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 

CEO 

0% 

0% 

0% 

Average Employee 

0% 

0% 

n/a 

(1)  All average employees did not receive taxable benefits so a comparison is not possible. 

Payments to past directors (audited) 

In the period there were no payments to past Directors. 

Payments for loss of office (audited). 

No payments were made to Directors for loss of office in the period. 

25 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

Relative Importance of spend on pay 

The Committee considers the company’s research and development expenditure relative to salary expenditure for 
all employees, to be the most appropriate metric for assessing overall spend on pay due to the nature and stage of 
the  company’s  business.  Dividend  distribution  and  share  buy-back  comparators  have  not  been  included  as  the 
company has no history of such transactions. The graph below illustrates the gross pay to all employees per year 
as compared to research and development expenditure and illustrates the year-on-year change. 

£000

4,000

3,500

3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

Research and Development

Labour costs

2019

2018

Structure and role of Remuneration Committee 

The  Remuneration  Committee  of  the  Board  comprises  of  Willy  Simon  and  Greg  MacRae.  It  is  chaired  by  Willy 
Simon, and is responsible for: 

i. 
ii. 

iii. 

The review of the performance of the executive directors; 
Recommendations  to  the  Board  on  matters  relating  to  the  remuneration  and  terms  of  service  of  the 
executive directors; and 
Recommendations to the Board on proposals for the granting of share options and other equity incentives 
pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time. 

In  making  their  recommendations  the  Remuneration  Committee  will  have  due  regard  to  the  interests  of  the 
Shareholders and the performance of the Company. 

The information in this part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report (‘DRR’) is not subject to audit.  

Directors' remuneration policy 

The Policy was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the 2019 AGM and will remain in force for three years 
from that date (until the AGM in 2022), or until a revised Remuneration Policy is approved by shareholders. 

The  Company's  policy  is  to  maintain  levels  of  remuneration  sufficient  to  attract,  motivate  and  retain  senior 
executives of the highest calibre who can deliver growth in shareholder value. Executive Director's remuneration 
currently consists of basic salary and benefits. An annual bonus, and long-term incentives will be introduced in line 
with  the  Company's  expansion.  The  Company  will  seek  to  strike  an  appropriate  balance  between  fixed  and 
performance-related reward so that the total remuneration package is structured to align a significant proportion to 
the achievement of performance targets, reinforcing a clear link between pay and performance. The performance 
targets for staff, senior executives and the Executive Directors will be aligned to the key drivers of the business 
strategy, thereby creating a strong alignment of interest between staff, Executive Directors and shareholders. 

The Remuneration Committee will continue to review the Company's remuneration policy and make amendments, 
as  and  when  necessary,  to  ensure  it  remains  fit  for  purpose  and  continues  to  drive  high  levels  of  executive 
performance and remains both affordable and competitive in the market. 

26 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

Policy Table 

Element of reward - Base Salary 

Purpose and Link to 
Strategy 

To provide fixed remuneration to 

■ 
■ 

help recruit and retain key individuals; 
reflect the individual's experience, role and contribution within the Company. 

Operation 

The Remuneration Committee considers a number of factors when setting salaries, 
including: 

■ 
■ 

■ 
■ 

scope and complexity of the role 
the skills and experience of the individual 
salary levels for similar roles within the industry 
pay elsewhere in the Company 

Performance 
conditions 

Salaries are reviewed, but not necessarily increased, annually. 
None. 

Maximum opportunity Salary increases are normally made with reference to the average increase for the 
wider  Company.  The  Board  retains  discretion  to  make  higher  increases  in  certain 
circumstances, for example, following an increase in the scope and/or responsibility 
of the role or the development of the individual in the role or by benchmarking. 

Element of reward- Other benefits 

Purpose and Link to 
Strategy 

To provide a basic benefits package. 

Operation 

The  Company  provides  Executive  Directors  with  medical insurance for  themselves and 
their family. 

Performance conditions None. 

Maximum opportunity  Maximum opportunity will be whatever it costs to provide the benefit. 

Element of reward -  Annual Bonus 

Purpose and Link to 
Strategy 

To incentivise and reward the achievement of annual financial, operational and individual 
objectives which are key to the delivery of the Company's short-term strategy. 

27 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

Operation 

•  Executive Directors and staff are eligible to participate in a discretionary bonus 

plan. 

•  The  Remuneration  Committee  will  determine  on  an  annual  basis  the  level  of 

deferral, if any, of the bonus payment into Company shares. 

•  Maximum bonus levels and the proportion payable for on target performance are 

considered in the light of market bonus levels for similar roles among the 
industry sector. 

•  Bonuses are not pensionable. 
•  The  Remuneration  Committee  sets  targets  which  require  appropriate  levels  of 
performance, considering internal and external expectations of performance. 
•  As soon as practicable after the year-end, the Remuneration Committee meets 

to review performance against objectives and determines payout levels. 

•  From  2019  in  terms  of  bonus  targets  a  balanced  scorecard  approach  will  be 
operated which focuses on a mixture of strategic, operational, financial and 
non-financial metrics.  

Performance conditions 

•  At least 50% of the award will be assessed against Company metrics including 

operational, financial and non-financial performance. The remainder of the award 
will be based on performance against individual objectives. 

•  A scale between 0% and 100% of the maximum award is paid dependent on the 

level of performance. 

Maximum opportunity  The  maximum  potential  bonus  entitlement  for  Executive  Directors  under  the  plan  will  be 

equal to 50% of the base salary. 

Element of reward - Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) 

Purpose and Link to 
Strategy 

• 
• 

To incentivise and reward the creation of long-term shareholder value. 
To align the interests of the Executive and Non- Executive Directors with those of 
shareholders. 

Operation 

• 

Under the terms of the non-tax advantaged share option plan (the "Share Option Plan"), 
the Remuneration Committee may issue options over shares up to 15% of the issued share 
capital of the Company from time to time. Directors and employees are eligible for awards. 
The  exercise  of  options  may  be  subject  to  the  satisfaction  of  such  performance 
conditions, if any, as may be specified and subsequently varied and/or waived by the 
Remuneration Committee. 
The Remuneration Committee determines on an annual basis, and from time to time 
as needed (i.e., new employee or promotion), the type of awards to be granted to 
executives and other employees under the plan. 

• 

Performance conditions Vesting of the awards is dependent on financial, operational and/or share price measures, 
as  set  by  the  Remuneration  Committee,  which  are  aligned  with  the  long-term  strategic 
objectives  of  the  Company.  The  relevant  performance  conditions  will  be  set  by  the 
Remuneration Committee on the award of each grant but will include a mixture of strategic, 
operational, financial and non-financial metrics. 

Notes on Table 

The Remuneration Committee may make minor amendments to the Policy set out above for regulatory, exchange 
control, tax or administrative purposes or to take account of a change in legislation without obtaining shareholder 
approval for that amendment. Any major changes will be put to a shareholder vote at the next AGM or an EGM. 

The Policy was approved by a  Shareholder vote at the 2019 AGM and, i remains in force until the AGM in 2022 
with no requirement to vote again on the Policy in the intervening years provided that no changes are proposed. 

Policy on payment for loss of office 

28 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DIRECTORS REMUNERATION REPORT 

In  the  event  that  the  employment  of  an  Executive  Director  is  terminated,  any  compensation  payable  will  be 
determined in accordance with the terms of the service contract between the Company and the employee, as well 
as the rules of any incentive plans. Notice periods are set at up to a maximum of twelve months by either party. 

The  Company  considers  a  variety  of  factors  when  considering  leaving  arrangements  for  an  Executive  Director, 
including individual and business performance, the obligation for the Director to mitigate loss (for example by gaining 
new employment) and other relevant circumstances (e.g. ill health). 

If the Executive Director's employment is terminated by the Company, the Executive Director may receive a time 
pro-  rated  bonus  to  the  period  worked  subject  to  performance  in  that  period,  subject  to  the  Remuneration 
Committee's discretion.  

The  treatment  of  outstanding  share  awards  is  governed  by  the  relevant  share  plan  rules.  The  following  table 
summarises the leaver provisions of share plans under which Executive Directors may currently hold awards. 

Leaving Event 

Time period 

            Conditions 

Injury,  disability,  ill-health, 
redundancy 

Option  may  be  exercised  within 
3 months of leaving. 

Exercise and time vesting provisions per the 
option certificate. 

Death 

Option  may  be  exercised  by 
personal  representatives  within 
12 months of death. 

Board can waive if satisfied that such waiver 
is not rewarding failure. 

Exercise and time vesting provisions per the 
option certificate. 

Board can waive if satisfied that such waiver 
is not rewarding failure. 

Resignation  or  any  other 
reason 
not  mentioned 
above. 

Lapse of option unless 

If allowed to exercise; 

Board  exercises  discretion  to 
allow exercise of option in which 
case  within  3  months  of 
leaving/notice. 

Exercise and time vesting provisions per the 
option certificate. 

Board can waive if satisfied that such waiver 
is not rewarding failure. 

Annual report on Remuneration 

In  determining  remuneration  for  new  appointments  to  the  Board,  the  Board  will  consider  all  relevant  factors 
including, but not limited to, the calibre of the individual and their existing package, the external market and the 
existing arrangements for the Company's current Executive Directors, with a view that any arrangements offered 
are in the best interests of the Company and shareholders and without paying any more than is necessary. 

Where the new appointment is replacing a previous Executive Director, salaries and total remuneration opportunity 
may be higher or lower than the previous incumbent. If the appointee is expected to develop into the role, the Board 
may  decide  to  appoint  the  new  Executive  Director  to  the  Board  at  a lower  than  typical  salary. Larger  increases 
(above  those  of  the  wider  company)  may  be  awarded  over  time  to  move  closer  to  the  market  level  as  their 
experience develops. 

Benefits and other elements of remuneration will normally be limited to those outlined in the remuneration policy 
table  above.  However,  additional  benefits  may  be  provided  by  the  Company  where  the  Board  considers  it 
reasonable and necessary to do so. 

It is expected that the structure and various pay elements would reflect those set out in the policy table above. 
However, the Board recognises that, as an independent life sciences company, it is competing with global firms for 
its talent. As a result, the Board considers it important that the recruitment policy has sufficient flexibility in order to 
attract the calibre of individual that the Company requires to grow a successful business. The Company recognises 
that in many cases, an external appointee may forfeit significant cash bonuses and/or share awards from a prior 
employer. The Board believes that it needs the ability to compensate new hires for bonuses and/ or incentive awards 
lost  on  joining  the  Company. The  Board  will use its  discretion  in settling any such  compensation,  which  will  be 
decided  on  a  case-by-case  basis,  provided  that  in  no  event  shall  such  compensation  exceed  the  value  of 
compensation forfeited by the external appointee, as confirmed by the appointee in a written agreement with the 
Company. 

29 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of Tiziana Life Sciences Plc (the ‘Parent Company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘Group’) for the year ended 31 December 2019 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income; the 
Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position; the Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash Flows; the 
Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes In Equity and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law 
and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the Parent 
Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as 
at 31 December 2019 and of the Group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the Group’s financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union; 
the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and  
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our 
responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial 
statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are 
relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, as applied to SME listed 
entities and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit 
evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to Note 2 in the financial statements concerning the applicability of the going concern basis of preparation.  
As detailed in the financial statements and the Strategic Report, the Group and Parent Company are pre revenue  and its business 
model requires significant ongoing expenditure on research and development. In the period to 31 December 2019 the Group 
incurred  losses  after  taxation  of  £7,306,000.    At  31  December  2019,  the  Group  and  the  Company  had  net  liabilities  of 
£4,180,000 and £1,705,000, and cash and cash equivalents of £153,000 and £116,000 respectively.  In Note 2, the directors 
explain  that  to date  they  have  successfully  raised  funds  to  finance  clinical  trials.   Since  the  year end the  Group has  raised 
approximately  $12m  in  new  equity.  However,  further  significant  funding  will  be  required  to  continue  their  development 
programmes and to meet liabilities as they fall due.  As the directors are confident that the Group will raise the additional 
funding they have prepared the accounts on the going concern basis.  The Group needs to secure sufficient investment to fund 
their clinical trials in full and ongoing working capital requirements.  These conditions indicate that a material uncertainty 
exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to 
fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in 
the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 

In  addition  to  the  matter described  in  the  “Material uncertainty  related  to  going  concern”  section,  we  have  determined  the 
matter described below to be the key audit matter to be communicated in our report. This matter was addressed in the context 
of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion 
on this matter. 

30 

                                                                                          TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 

Key Audit Matter 1 - Valuation and accounting of options, warrants, and convertible loan notes (Parent Company) 

The Group’s accounting policy in respect of “share based payments and convertible loan notes” are set out in the accounting policy 
notes on pages 45 and 46. 

The Parent Company operates share-based payments arrangements to remunerate directors and employees in the form of share 
options. Additionally, warrants were granted in lieu of fundraising fees in 2015 which are exercisable over a four year period. 
Subsequently, additional warrants were granted as part of incentive attached to the convertible loans notes issued in 2019. These 
warrants are exercisable over a five year period. 

With regards to the convertible loan notes, IAS 32 requires liability and equity components to be presented separately on the 
Statement of Financial Position. As a result, particular attention is required when reviewing the contractual obligations of the notes 
in order to conclude as to their accounting as debt or equity classified.   

Due to the complexity in calculation and judgement involved in underlying assumptions for the valuation of share options and 
warrants, there is a risk that these instruments are not accounted for correctly. 

Our response:  
Our audit procedures over options, warrants, and convertible loan notes included but were not restricted to: 

•  We obtained management’s valuation of options and warrants based on an appropriate Model and reviewed for 

completeness and accuracy of information used; 

•  We reviewed the mechanics of the options and warrants calculations, and validated the inputs to the model; 
•  We obtained and reviewed the option and warrant agreements for all current year issuances and determined whether or not 

they were to be accounted for under IFRS 2 Share-Base Payments;  

•  We examined the contractual obligations of the convertible loan note to ensure that management’s accounting for the 

aforementioned notes under IAS 32 Financial Instruments as debt classified was appropriate; 

•  We reviewed the calculation for convertible debt instrument and ensured the principal of loan note and accrued interest are 

recorded appropriately on the financial statements; 

•  We reviewed Regulatory News Service (RNS) announcements per the London Stock Exchange website for purposes of 
concluding the completeness and accuracy of current year equity instrument issuances and/or other equity related 
transactions and conversion of convertible loan notes; and  

•  We reviewed the disclosure in the financial statements to ensure disclosure is sufficient and appropriate. 

Our findings:  
Our audit identified material errors in the accounting for warrants and share options in the year ended 31 December 2019.  
Management concurred with our findings and appropriate adjustments were made to the financial statements. 

As a consequence of our 2019 findings, together with management, we reviewed the accounting for warrants and share options in 
prior periods and concluded that prior period adjustments were needed to reclassify entries between certain reserves.  The overall 
impact on net assets was not significant.  The reclassifications made are detailed in note 4.  

Following the above adjustments we are able to conclude that warrants, share options and convertible loan notes were all 
appropriately accounted for under relevant accounting standards.  

Our application of materiality 

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality. 
These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and 
extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of 
misstatements, both individually and on the financial statements as a whole. Based on our professional judgement, we 
determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: 

Group and Parent Company materiality 

How we determined materiality 

Group - £452,000 
Parent Company - £276,000 

In  determining  our  materiality,  we  considered  financial  metrics  which  we  believed  to  be  relevant.  We  believe  that  the 
benchmark of losses is most appropriate for both Group & Parent Company as the users of the accounts were likely to be most 
concerned with the annual and accumulated losses of the Group and Parent Company and the Group and Parent Company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. 

31 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 

Rationale for benchmark applied 

Having considered factors such as the Group and Parent Company’s AIM and (NASDAQ) listing, we determined materiality 
at 6.0% of Group and Parent Company’s losses for the year.  

Performance materiality – Group and Parent Company 

We performed our audit procedures using a lower level of materiality – termed ‘performance 
materiality’ – which is set to reduce to an appropriate level the probability that the aggregate 
of uncorrected and undetected misstatements in the financial statements exceeds materiality 
for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole.    Having  considered  factors  such  as  the  Group’s 
control environment, we set performance materiality at 65% of overall materiality. 

Group - £317,000 

Parent Company - £194,000 

Reporting threshold – Group and Parent Company 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to that committee all identified 
corrected and uncorrected audit differences in excess of this level, together with differences 
below that level that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

Group - £13,000 

Parent Company £8,000 

The range of financial statement materiality across components, audited to the lower of local statutory audit materiality and 
materiality capped for group audit purposes, was between £173,000 and £276,000, being all below group financial statement 
materiality. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 

As  part  of  designing  our  audit,  we  determined  materiality  and  assessed  the  risk  of  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  where  the  directors  made  subjective  judgements  such  as  making  assumptions  on 
significant accounting estimates. 

We gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Group and Parent Company, the structure 
of  the  Group  and  the  Parent  Company  and  the  industry  in  which  it operates.  We  considered  the  risk  of  acts  that  could be 
considered to be contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. We designed our audit procedures to respond to 
those  identified  risks,  including non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  (irregularities)  that  are  material  to  the  financial 
statements.  

We focused on laws and regulations that could give rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements, including, but 
not limited to, the Companies Act 2006. We tailored the scope of our Group audit to ensure that we performed sufficient work 
to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole. We used the outputs of a risk assessment, our understanding 
of the Parent Company and Group’s accounting processes and controls and its environment and considered qualitative factors 
in order to ensure that we obtained sufficient coverage across all financial statement line items. 

Our tests included, but were not limited to, obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements 
sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by 
irregularities including fraud, review of minutes of directors’ meetings in the year and enquiries of management. As a result of 
our procedures, we did not identify any Key Audit Matters relating to irregularities, including fraud. 

The risks of material misstatement that had the greatest effect on our audit, including the allocation of our resources and effort, 
are discussed under “Key audit matters” within this report.  

Our Group audit scope included an audit of the Group and Parent Company financial statements. Based on our risk assessment, 
each of the Group’s key subsidiaries (Tiziana Life Sciences Plc & Tiziana Pharma Limited) considered to be a significant 
component  of  the  Group  were  subject  to  a  full  scope  audit  by  the  Group  engagement  team  and  other  Group  entities  not 
considered  to be  significant  components  (Tiziana  Therapeutics  Inc  &  Longevia Srl),  were  subject to  analytical  review  and 
limited audit procedures. 

At the Parent Company level we also tested the consolidation process and carried out overall analytical procedures to confirm 
our conclusion that there were no material misstatements in the aggregated financial information. 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual 
Report other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not 
cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of 
assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in 
the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material 

32 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 

misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material 
misstatement  of  the  other  information.  If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion, the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the 
Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the financial 
statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 
the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course 
of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors’ Report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the Parent Company financial statements and the parts of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited are not 
in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
• 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of Directors 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on pages 17 and 18, the directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal 
control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the Parent Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of 
accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the Parent Company or to cease operations, or have no 
realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is 
a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually 
or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these 
financial statements. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial  Reporting 
Council’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. 

33 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC 

Use of the audit report 

This report is made solely to the Company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to 
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body for our audit work, for this report, or 
for the opinions we have formed. 

Robert Neate (Senior Statutory Auditor) 

for and on behalf of Mazars LLP 

Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 

Tower Bridge House 

St Katharine’s Way 

London 

E1W 1DD 

17th June 2020 

34 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Continuing Operations 

Note 

Research and development costs 
Operating expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance costs 

Loss before taxation 

Taxation 

5 

10 

11 

2019 
£’000 

(2,910) 
(4,864) 

(7,774) 

(72) 

(7,846) 

540 

2018 
£’000 
 (Restated) 

(4,132) 
(3,268) 

(7,400) 

(9) 

 (7,409) 

1,459 

Loss for the year attributable to equity owners  

(7,306) 

(5,950) 

Other comprehensive income that may be classified to 
profit and loss in subsequent periods 
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

129 

(113) 

Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to 
equity owners 

(7,177) 

(6,063) 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted (loss) per share on continuing operations 

12 

(5.4p) 

(4.7p) 

35 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Note 

13 
15 
27 
16 

15 
26 
14 
11 

18 

22 
21 
19,22 
19,22 
22 

22 

27 

25 

27 

26 

ASSETS 
Non-Current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Finance lease receivable 
Right of use asset 
Other non-current assets 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Finance lease receivable 
Related party receivable 
Other receivables 
Taxation receivable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity  
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders 
of the company  
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Capital reduction reserve 
Shares to be issued reserve (convertible notes) 
Share based payment reserve (options) 
Share based payment reserve (warrants) 
Other reserve 
Translation reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Non-Current liabilities 
Lease Liability 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liability 

Related party payable 

Other liabilities 

Total current and non-current liabilities 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

2019 
£’000 

5 
113 
329 
217 

664 

109 
245 
124 
513 
153 

1,144 

1,808 

4,099 
25,194 
31,183 
1,099 
3,850 
1,812 
(28,286) 
15 
(43,146) 

(4,180) 

2018 
£’000 
(Restated) 

1 January 
2018 
£’000 
(Restated) 

6 
- 
- 
217 

223 

- 
20 
228 
800 
4,165 

5,213 

5,436 

18 
- 
- 
217 

235 

- 
20 
94 
1,434 
48 

1,596 

1,831 

4,094 
25,117 
31,183 
- 
2,857 
1,399 
(28,286) 
(113) 
(35,840) 

3,752 
18,113 
31,183 
- 
2,354 
1,075 
(28,286) 
- 
(29,874) 

411 

(1,683) 

411 

- 

- 

4,851 

212 

451 

63 

5,988 

1,808 

4,673 

- 

352 

- 

5,025 

5,436 

3,270 

- 

244 

- 

3,514 

1,831 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of directors and authorised for issue on 17th June 2020. 

Mr W Simon 
Director 

Company Number: 03508592 (England and Wales) 

36 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2019 

2019 

2018 

Notes 

£’000 

ASSETS 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Other non- current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Current assets 

Other receivables 
Related party receivable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 
Equity Capital and reserves attributable 
to equity holders of the company 
Called up share capital 
Share premium 
Shares  to  be  issued  reserve  (convertible 
notes) 
Share based payment reserve (options) 
Share based payment reserve (warrants) 
Capital reduction reserve 
Retained earnings 

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Related party payable 

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 

17 
16 

14 
26 

18 

21 

19,22 
19,22 
22 
22 

25 
26 

1 
January 
2018 
£’000 
  Restated 

16,005 
217 
6 

1,055 
- 
22 

£’000 
Restated 

20,305 
217 
- 

343 
44 
3,593 

24,502 

17,305 

- 
217 
- 

62 
243 
116 

638 

4,099 
25,194 
1,099 

3,915 
1,875 
31,183 
(69,070) 

4,094 
25,117 
- 

2,922 
1,462 
31,183 
(42,387) 

3,752 
18,113 
- 

2,419 
1,138 
31,183 
(40,522) 

(1,705) 

22,391 

16,083 

2,091 
252 

2,343 

638 

1,869 
242 

2,111 

988 
234 

1,222 

24,502 

17,305 

The Company reported a loss for the financial year ended 31 December 2019 of £26,683k (2018: £1,849k, restated). 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of directors and authorised for issue on 17th June 2020. 

Mr W Simon 
Director 

Company Number: 03508592 (England and Wales) 

37 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss for the year before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Convertible loan interest accrued 
Loan interest paid as equity 
Shares issued in lieu of fees 
Share based payment – options 
Share based payment – warrants 
Net (increase) in related party receivables 
Net increase in related party payables 
Net decrease/(increase) in other receivables 
Net (decrease)/increase in trade and other payables 
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
Depreciation of right-of-use asset 
(Gain)/Loss on foreign exchange 
Lease adjustment 
Loss on disposal of right of use asset 

CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Increase in taxation receivable 

NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Proceeds from issuance of warrants 
Repayment of leasing liabilities 
Fundraising costs 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisition of other investments 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

NET (DECREASE)/ INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR 

2019 
£’000 

2018 
£’000 

(7,846) 

(7,409) 

39 
- 
82 
992 
- 
(225) 
342 
125 
(17) 
4 
194 
129 
- 
56 

(6,125) 

800 

(5,325) 

- 
1,473 
(157) 
- 

1,316 

(3) 
- 

(3) 

9 
16 
41 
504 
45 
- 
108 
(135) 
1,483 
12 
- 
(222) 
3 
- 

(5,544) 

2,093 

(3,451) 

7,437 
1,132 

(1,001) 

7,568 

- 
- 

- 

(4,012) 

4,117 

4,165 

153 

48 

4,165 

38 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss for the year before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Convertible loan interest accrued 
Loan interest paid as equity 
Shares issued in lieu of fees 
Share based payment - options 
Share based payment - warrants 
Depreciation 
Net (increase) in related party receivables 
Net increase in related party payables 
Net decrease/(increase) in operating assets/other receivables 
Net increase in trade and other payables 
(Gain) on foreign exchange 
Impairment of investment 

CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Increase in taxation receivable 
NET CASH GENERATED (USED IN)/ GENERATED FROM 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 
Proceeds from issuance of warrants 
Proceeds from issuance of warrants 
Fundraising costs 

NET CASH GENERATED FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisition of other investments 
Capital contribution to subsidiaries 

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

2019 
£’000 

2018 
£’000 

(26,683) 

(2,427) 

39 
- 
82 
992 
- 
- 
(243) 
- 
24 
234 
- 
21,966 

(3,589) 

300 
(3,289) 

- 
- 
1,473 
- 

1,473 

- 
- 
(1,661) 

(1,661) 

9 
16 
41 
503 
45 
6 
(44) 
8 
(35) 
971 
(116) 
- 

(1,023) 

1,326 
303 

7,437 
1,132 
- 
(1,001) 

7,568 

- 
- 
(4,300) 

(4,300) 

NET (DECREASE)/INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR 

(3,477) 

3,571 

3,593 

116 

22 

3,593 

39 

TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Balance at 1 January 2018 
Prior period adjustment 
Balance at 1 January 2018 (restated) 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital (private placement 
and IPO) 
Issue of share capital (warrants) 
Issue of share capital (loan conversion) 
Share based payment (options) 
Issue of share capital in lieu of fees 
Convertible loan note interest 
Share based payment (warrants) 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 
Exchange differences on translating foreign 
operations 
Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

Balance as at 31 December 2018 
(Restated) 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital (in lieu of fees) 
Convertible loan notes issued 
Convertible loan note interest 
Share based payment (options) 

Issuance of warrants 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 
Exchange differences on translating foreign 
operations 
Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 
Balance as at 31 December 2019 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Capital 
Reduction 
Reserve 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
(options) 
£’000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
(warrants) 
£’000 

3,752 
- 
3,752 

232 

44 
64 
- 
1 
1 
- 
342 

- 

- 
- 

18,650 
(537) 
18,113 

4,864 

1,085 
1,240 
- 
40 
15 
(240) 
7,004 

- 

- 
- 

31,183 
- 
31,183 

2,354 
- 
2,354 

419 
656 
1,075 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
503 
- 
- 
- 
503 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
324 
324 

- 

- 
- 

4,094 

25,117 

31,183 

2,857 

1,399 

Convertible 
Loan Note 
Reserve 

Other 
Reserve 

Translation 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
Equity 

£’000 

£’000 
(28,286) 
- 
(28,286) 

- 
- 
--- 

£’000 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(113) 

- 
(113) 

£’000 
(29,755) 
(119) 
(29,874) 

£’000 

(1,683) 
- 
(1,683) 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(16) 
- 
(16) 

- 

(5,950) 
(5,950) 

5,096 

1,129 
1,304 
503 
41 
- 
84 
8,158 

(113) 

(5,950) 
(6,063) 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

(28,286) 

(113) 

(35,840) 

411 

5 
- 
- 
- 

- 
5 

- 

77 
- 
- 
- 

- 
77 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
993 

- 
993 

- 
- 
- 
- 

413 
413 

- 
1,473 
39 
- 

(413) 
1,099 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
4,099 

- 
- 
25,194 

- 
- 
31,183 

- 
- 
3,850 

- 
- 
1,812 

- 
- 
1,099 

- 
- 
(28,286) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

128 

- 
128 
15 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

(7,306) 
(7,306) 
(43,146) 

82 
1,473 
39 
993 

- 
2,587 

128 

(7,306) 
(7,178) 
(4,180) 

40 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Capital 
Reduction 
Reserve 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Share 
Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
(options) 
£’000 

Share Based 
Payment 
Reserve 
(warrants) 

Convertible 
Loan Note 
Reserve 

Retained 
Earnings 

Total 
Equity 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Balance at 1 January 2018 
Prior period adjustment 
Balance at 1 January 2018 (restated) 
Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital 
Issue of share capital (warrants) 
Issue of share capital (loan conversion) 
Share based payment (options) 
Issue of share capital in lieu of fees 
Convertible loan note interest 
Share based payment (warrants) 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 
Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

3,752 
- 
3,752 

232 
44 
64 
- 
1 
1 
- 
342 

- 
- 

18,650 
(537) 
18,113 

4,864 
1,085 
1,240 
- 
40 
15 
(240) 
7,004 

- 
- 

31,183 
- 
31,183 

2,419 
- 
2,419 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
503 
- 
- 
- 
503 

- 
- 

482 
656 
1,138 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
324 
324 

- 
- 

Balance as at 31 December 2018 

4,094 

25,117 

31,183 

2,922 

1,462 

Transactions with owners 
Issue of share capital  
Convertible loan notes issued 
Convertible loan note interest 
Share based payment (options) 
Issuance of warrants 
Total transactions with owners 

Comprehensive income 
Comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income 

5 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5 

- 
- 

77 
- 
- 
- 
- 
77 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
993 
- 
993 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
413 
413 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
1,473 
39 
- 
(413) 
1,099 

(40,403) 
(119) 
(40,522) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(16) 
- 
(16) 

(1,849) 
(1,849) 

(42,387) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

16,083 
- 
16,083 

5,096 
1,129 
1,304 
503 
41 
- 
84 
8,157 

(1,849 
(1,849) 

22,391 

82 
1,473 
39 
993 
- 
2,587 

- 
- 

(26,683) 
(26,683) 

(26,683) 
(26,683) 

Balance as at 31 December 2019 

4,099 

25,194 

31,183 

3,915 

1,875 

1,099 

(69,070) 

(1,705) 

41 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

1.  GENERAL INFORMATION 

Tiziana Life Sciences PLC is a public limited company incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies 
Act and quoted on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange (AIM: TILS) and on the NASDAQ Capital Market 
(NDAQ: TLSA). The address of its registered office is given on page 1. The principal activities of the Company and 
its subsidiaries (the Group) are that of a clinical stage biotechnology company focussed on targeted drugs to treat 
diseases in oncology and immunology. 

These financial statements are presented in thousands of pounds sterling (£’000) which is the functional currency 
of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.  

The  ultimate  parent  of  the  group  is  Planwise  Group  Limited,  incorporated  in  the  British Virgin  Islands.  Gabriele 
Cerrone is the ultimate beneficial owner of the entire issued share capital of Planwise Group Limited. 

2.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out 
below. These policies have been applied consistently to all the years presented unless otherwise stated. 

Basis of preparation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Group  and  Company  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union, IFRIC interpretations and 
the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. These accounts have been prepared 
under the historical cost convention. 

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, a separate profit and loss account for the Company has 
not been presented in these financial statements. 

Going Concern 

The Group and Company incurred losses during the year and has net liabilities at the year end. 

As discussed in the Strategic Report, the Group and Company is in the early stages of developing its business 
focusing  on  the  discovery  and  development  of  novel  molecules  that  treat  human  disease  in  oncology  and 
immunology. The Directors expect the Group and Company to incur further losses and to require significant capital 
expenditure  in  continuing  to  develop  clinical  stage  development  therapeutic  candidates  in  both  oncology  and 
immunology.  The  Group  and  Company  has  successfully  funded  clinical  trials  to  date  and  is  in  the  process  of 
securing additional investment for purposes of continuing to fund their clinical trials moving forward.  

The Directors have prepared cash flow projections that include the costs associated with the continued clinical trials 
and additional investment to fund that operation.  On the basis of those projections, the directors conclude that the 
company will be able to meet its liabilities as they fall due for the next 12 months from the date when these financial 
statements are issued. 

Until and unless the Group and Company secures sufficient investment to fund their clinical pipeline, there is a 
material uncertainty about the Group and Company’s ability to continue as a going concern after the next 12 months, 
and therefore about the applicability of the going concern basis of preparation.  The financial statements do not 
include  the  adjustments  that  would  be  required  if  the  going  concern  basis  of  preparation  was  considered 
inappropriate. 

The directors do not believe that Brexit will have an impact on the Group and Company’s ability to raise funds as it 
has access to the US market due to its listing on the Nasdaq. 

New and Revised Standards 

Standards in effect in 2019 

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ has come into effect from January 1, 2019 and has been adopted by the Group. The 
impact of the adoption of the leasing standard is disclosed in Note 4 below. 

42 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

IFRS in issue but not applied in the current financial statements 

The directors do not expect that the adoption of new IFRS Standards, Interpretations and Amendments that have 
been issued but are not yet effective will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group in future 
periods. 

In addition, IFRS 2 Share-based Payment: classification and measurement of share-based payment transactions 
is an additional standard that will impact the Group, management are still in the process of assessing their impact, 
if any. 

Beyond the information above, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the effect of these standards 
until a detailed review has been completed. 

Several IFRS and IFRIC interpretations are also currently in issue which are not relevant for the Group’s activities 
and which have not therefore been adopted in preparing these financial statements. 

Basis of consolidation 

Subsidiary undertakings are all entities over which the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating 
policies of the subsidiary and therefore exercises control. The existence and effect of both current voting rights and 
potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether control 
of an entity is exercised. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date at which the Group obtains control and are 
de-consolidated from the date at which control ceases. 

Business combination 

The consolidated position of the Group is as a result of the reverse acquisition of Alexander David Investments plc 
by Tiziana Pharma Ltd and the subsequent listing of the Company as Tiziana Life Sciences Plc on 24 April 2014.  
Tiziana Pharma Limited was incorporated on 4 November 2013 and prepared its first set of financial statements to 
31 December 2014. Therefore, the parent and subsidiary had the same reporting date but Tiziana Pharma Limited 
had a long period of account. No adjustment was made in the consolidated financial statements for the difference 
in length of reporting period because the only transaction in Tiziana Pharma Limited at 31 December 2013 was the 
issue of ordinary share capital of £1. 

Inter-company  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  group  companies  are 
eliminated upon consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been 
changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. 

Segment reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board.  The 
Board allocates resources to and assess the performance of the segments. The Board considers there to be only 
one operating segment being the research and development of biotechnological and pharmaceutical products.  

Taxation 

The tax expense for the year represents the total of current taxation and deferred taxation. The charge in respect 
of current taxation is based on the estimated taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit for the year is based on the 
profit as shown in the income statement, as adjusted for items of income or expenditure which are not deductible 
or chargeable for tax purposes. The current tax liability for the year is calculated using tax rates which have either 
been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. 

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases 
of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  Deferred  tax  is 
determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date 
and expected  to  apply  when  the  related  deferred  tax is  realized,  or  the  deferred  liability is  settled.  Deferred  tax 
assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that the future taxable profit will be available against which 
the temporary differences can be utilized. 

Foreign currency translation 

Foreign currency transactions are translated using the rate of exchange applicable at the date of the transaction. 
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the re-translation 
at the year end of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income 
statement. 

43 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Pound Sterling at the rate of 
exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of comprehensive income are translated at exchange 
rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation 
are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income.  On  disposal  of  a  foreign  subsidiary,  the  component  of  other 
comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign subsidiary is recognised in profit or loss. 

License fees 

Payments related to the acquisition of rights to a product or technology are capitalised as intangible assets if it is 
probable that future economic benefits from the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably 
measured.  

Payments made which provide the right to perform research are carefully evaluated to determine whether such 
payments are to fund research or acquire an asset. Licence fees expenses are recognised as incurred.  

Research and development 

All on-going research and development expenditure is currently expensed in the period in which it is incurred. Due 
to the regulatory environment inherent in the development of the Group’s products, the criteria for development 
costs to be recognised as an asset, as set out in IAS 38 ‘Intangible Assets’, are not met until a product has been 
granted  regulatory  approval  and  it  is  probable  that  future  economic  benefit  will  flow  to  the  Group.  The  Group 
currently has no qualifying expenditure. 

Financial instruments 

The Group classifies a financial instrument, or its component parts, as a financial liability, a financial asset or an 
equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of a 
financial liability, a financial asset and an equity instrument. 

The Group evaluates the terms of the financial instrument to determine whether it contains an asset, a liability or 
an equity component. Such components shall be classified separately as financial assets, financial liabilities or 
equity instruments. 

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or 
equity instrument of another entity. 

(a)  Financial assets, initial recognition and measurement and subsequent measurement 

All financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, such as receivables and deposits, are 
recognized initially at fair value plus transaction costs. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss 
are initially recognized at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the income statement. 
The measurement of financial assets depends on their classification. Financial assets such as receivables and 
deposits are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less loss allowance. 
The Group does not hold any financial assets at fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other 
comprehensive income. 

(b)  Financial liabilities, initial recognition and measurement and subsequent measurement 

Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. 

A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is a derivative. Financial liabilities at FVTPL are measured at fair 
value and net gains and losses, including any interest expense, are recognized in profit or loss. 
Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 
Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on 
derecognition is also recognized in profit or loss. 

The Group's financial liabilities include trade and other payables. 

Warrants 

Warrants issued by the Group to investors as part of a share subscription are compound financial instruments 
where the warrant meets the definition of a financial liability. 

The financial liability component is initially measured at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position. Equity is measured at the residual between the subscription price for the entire instrument and the 
liability component. The financial liability component is remeasured depending on its classification. Equity is not 
remeasured. 

44 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Investments  

Investments are held as non-current assets and comprise investments in subsidiary undertakings and are stated at 
cost less provision for any impairment. 

Share capital 

Ordinary shares of the Company are classified as equity.  

Property, plant and equipment 

(i) 

Recognition and measurement 

Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  accumulated 
impairment  losses.  Costs  include  expenditures  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the  acquisition  of  the  asset. 
Purchased  software  that  is  integral  to  the  functionality  of  the  related  equipment  is  capitalised  as  part  of  that 
equipment.  

When  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  they  are  accounted  for  as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Gains  and  losses  on  disposal  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  determined  by  comparing  the 
proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognised in profit or 
loss.  

(ii) 

 Depreciation 

Depreciation is calculated on the depreciable amount, which is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for 
cost, less its residual value. 

Depreciation is recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each part of an 
item of property, plant and equipment. Leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their 
useful lives unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term. 

The estimated useful lives for the current period and the comparative period are as follows. 

Fixtures and fittings 

IT and equipment  

5 years 

3 years 

Depreciation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date.  Depreciation  is 
allocated to the operating expenses line of the income statement. 

Impairment 

Impairment of financial assets measured at amortised cost 
At  each  reporting  date  the  Group  recognises  a  loss  allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  on  financial  assets 
measured at amortised cost. 

In establishing the appropriate amount of loss allowance to be recognised, the Group applies either the general 
approach or the simplified approach, depending on the nature of the underlying group of financial assets. 

General approach 
The general approach is applied to the impairment assessment of refundable lease deposits and other refundable 
lease contributions, restricted cash and cash and cash equivalents.  

Under the general approach the Group recognises a loss allowance for a financial asset at an amount equal to the 
12-month expected credit losses, unless the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial 
recognition, in which case a loss allowance is recognised at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses. 

Simplified approach 
The simplified approach is applied to the impairment assessment of trade receivables. 

Under the simplified approach the Group always recognises a loss allowance for a financial asset at an amount 
equal to the lifetime expected credit losses. 

Non-financial  assets  are  tested  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

45 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Non-financial  assets  are  impaired  when  its  carrying  amount  exceed  its  recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable 
amount is measured as the higher of fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. The value in use is calculated 
as being net projected cash flows based on financial forecasts discounted back to present value. 

Leases 

IFRS 16 Leases was issued in January 2016 and was implemented by the Group from 1 January 2019. The 
Standard replaces IAS 17 and requires lease liabilities and ‘right of use’ assets to be recognised on the balance 
sheet for almost all leases. The adoption methodology of IFRS 16 is the cumulative catch-up method, and the 
impact of adoption was to recognise a right of use asset of £833k and a lease liability of £833k on 1 January, 
2019. 

Fair Value Measurement 

Management have assessed the categorisation of the fair value measurements using the IFRS 13 fair value 
hierarchy.  Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows; 
Level 1 - valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets 
Level 2 - valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices included 
within Level 1; 
Level 3 - valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market data. 

Share based payments 

The calculation of the fair value of equity-settled share based awards and the resulting charge to the statement of 
comprehensive income requires assumptions to be made regarding future events and market conditions. These 
assumptions include the future volatility of the Company's share price. These assumptions are then applied to a 
recognised valuation model in order to calculate the fair value of the awards. 

Where employees, directors or advisers are rewarded using share based payments, the fair value of the employees', 
directors' or advisers' services are determined by reference to the fair value of the share options/warrants awarded. 
Their  value  is  appraised  at  the  date  of  grant  and  excludes the  impact  of  any  nonmarket vesting conditions  (for 
example, profitability and sales growth targets). Warrants issued in association with the issue of Convertible Loan 
Notes are also considered as share based payments and a share based payment charge is calculated for these 
too.  

In  accordance  with  IFRS  2,  a  charge  is  made  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  for  all  share-based 
payments including share options based upon the fair value of the instrument used. A corresponding credit is made 
to  a  share  based  payment  reserve  -  options,  in  the  case  of  options/warrants  awarded  to  employees,  directors, 
advisers and other consultants. 

If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the 
best available estimate of the number of share options/warrants expected to vest. Non market vesting conditions 
are included in assumptions about the number of options / warrants that are expected to become exercisable.  

Estimates are subsequently revised, if there is any indication that the number of share options/warrants expected 
to vest differs from previous estimates. No adjustment is made to the expense or share issue cost recognised in 
prior periods if fewer share options ultimately are exercised than originally estimated.  

Upon  exercise  of  share  options/warrants,  the  proceeds  received  are  allocated  to  share  capital  with  any  excess 
being recorded as share premium.  

Where  share  options  are  cancelled,  this  is  treated  as  an  acceleration  of  the  vesting  period  of  the  options.  The 
amount that otherwise would have been recognised for services received over the remainder of the vesting period 
is recognised immediately within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share based payment are measured at their fair 
value. 

Other non-current assets  

Other non- current assets are currently measured at cost less accumulated impairment. The asset is not yet being 
amortised since it is not yet in the condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by 
management.  

46 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Convertible loan notes 

Where there is no option to repay in cash or the Company has the choice of settlement, and the interest rate is fixed 
The Group considers these to be convertible equity instruments and records the principal of the loan note as an 
equity  in  a  Convertible  loan  note  reserve.  The  accrued  interest  on  the  principal  amount,  for  which  there  is  no 
obligation to settle in cash, is also recorded in the Convertible loan note reserve.  Upon redemption of the instrument 
and the issue of share capital, the amount is reclassified from the convertible loan note reserve to share capital and 
share premium. 

Where the above conditions are not met 

The Group considers these to be convertible debt instruments and records the principal of the loan note as a debt 
liability in the liabilities section of the statement of financial position.  The accrued interest on the principal amount 
is recorded in the income statement and as an increase in the debt liability. Upon redemption of the instrument and 
the issue of share capital, the amount is reclassified from the debt liability to share capital and share premium. 

Under IAS 32 the liability and equity components of convertible loan notes must be presented separately on the 
statement of financial position. The Group has examined the terms of each issue of convertible loan notes and 
determined their accounting treatment accordingly. Convertible loan notes are treated differently depending upon 
a number of factors. 

3.  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 

The preparation of financial information in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, in the case of 
the  Group  being  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union,  requires  the 
directors  to  make  estimates  and  judgements  that  affect  the  reported  amount  of  assets,  liabilities,  income  and 
expenditure  and  the  disclosures  made  in  the  financial  statements.  Such  estimates  and  judgements  must  be 
continually evaluated based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events. 

When entering into agreements with third parties which provide the rights to conduct research into specific biological 
processes the Group accounts for these agreements as an expense if the agreements are 'milestone' in nature and 
relate to the Group's own research and development costs. Such agreements involve periodic payments and are 
evaluated as representing payments made to fund research.  

The only other critical accounting estimates and judgements made in the preparation of the financial statements 
were fair value estimates used in the calculation of share based payments and warrants which have been detailed 
above in note 2, accounting policies, and note 17, share based payments, to the accounts. 

The Group has also made a judgement on the impact of Brexit during the preparation of the financial statements 
and considered it to not be significant. 

4.  CHANGES IN ACCOUTING POLICIES AND PRIOR YEAR ADJUSTMENTS 

IFRS 16 Leases 

The group has adopted IFRS 16 retrospectively from 1 January 2019 but has not restated comparatives for the 
2018 reporting period, as permitted under the specific transitional provisions in the standard. The reclassifications 
and the adjustments arising from the new leasing rules are therefore recognised in the opening balance sheet on 1 
January 2019. 

On  adoption  of  IFRS  16,  the  group  recognised  lease  liabilities  in  relation  to  leases  which  had  previously  been 
classified as ‘operating leases’ under the principles of IAS 17 Leases. These liabilities were measured at the present 
value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate as of 1 January 
2019. The weighted average lessee’s incremental borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities on 1 January 2019 
was 3.35%. 

The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Group recognises 
a right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities at the lease commencement date, except for short term 
leases and leases of low value. For these leases, the lease payments are recognised as an operating expense on 
a straight-line basis over the term of term of the lease.  

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liabilities adjusted 
for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial costs incurred. The right-of-use 
assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The right-of-use 
assets are from the commencement date depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the 

47 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

underlying asset. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of 
property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use assets are periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, 
and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liabilities, e.g. revised discount rate, change in the lease term 
or change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index.  

The  lease  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  that  are  not  paid  at  the 
commencement date, discounted using the interest rate determined by the Group’s borrowing rate. 

Operating lease commitments disclosed under IAS17 as at 31 December 2018 
Remaining lease commitments discounted using the Group’s incremental borrowing 
rate as at the date of initial application 
Lease Liability recognised as at 1 January 2019 
Of which: 
Current lease liabilities 
Non-current lease liabilities 

2019 
£000 
897 
833 

833 

197 
636 

The associated right-of-use assets for all leases were measured at the amount equal to the lease liability. 

The recognised right-of-use assets relate to the following types of assets: 

Properties 

31 December 2019 
£000 
329 

1 January 2019 
£000 
833 

Total right-of-use assets 

329 

833 

In  applying  IFRS  16  for  the  first  time,  the  group  has  used  the  following  practical  expedients  permitted  by  the 
standard:  
• the use of a single discount rate of 3.35% to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics;  
• the use of hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to extend or 
terminate the lease. 

Accounting for Warrants – Prior period adjustment 

During the year, the Group reviewed its accounting treatment for warrants. The Group has warrants that had been 
issued  in  lieu  of  fees  and  warrants  that  had  been  issued  as  an additional  incentive  for  investors  to enter  into a 
Convertible Loan Note agreement.  

Warrants issued in lieu of fees 
In prior years the fair value at date of grant had been expensed to the Statement of Income based on the vesting 
period of the warrant. The Group recognises that the fair value at the date of grant should be recognised over the 
life of the service for which the warrant was provided. 

Warrants issued as incentive 
In prior years the fair value at date of grant had been expensed to the Statement of Income based on the vesting 
period of the warrant. The Group recognises that the fair value of the warrants should be recognised as a cost of 
fundraising and fully recognised at the date of issuance of the Convertible Loan Note. 

The adjustments have impacted the prior period and earlier periods and the impact on the financial statements is 
as follows: 

48 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Extract) 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 (Restated) 

1 January 2018 

Adjustment 

1 January 2018 

Share Premium 
Share based payment reserve (warrants) 

Retained Earnings 

18,650 
419 

(29,755) 

(537) 
656 

(119) 

18,113 
1,075 

(29,874) 

Total Equity 

(1,683) 

- 

(1,683) 

Consolidated Balance Sheet (Extract) 

Share Premium 
Share based payment reserve (warrants) 

Retained Earnings 

share 
Total Equity 

31 December 
2018 
£’000 

25,894 
548 

(35,766) 

Adjustment 

£’000 

(777) 
851 

(30) 

31 December 
2018 
£’000 (Restated) 

25,117 
1,399 

(35,796) 

411 

44 

411 

31 December 
2018 
£’000 

Adjustment 

£’000 

31 December 
2018 
£’000 (Restated) 

(3,313) 

(7,454) 

44 

44 

(3,269) 

(7,409) 

Consolidated 
Comprehensive Income (Extract) 

Statement 

of 

Operating Expenses 

Loss before taxation 

5.  OPERATING LOSS 

The Group and Company’s operating loss for the year is stated after charging the following: 

License fees 
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment 
Depreciation (Right-of-use asset) 
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses 

2019 
£’000 

433 
4 
192 
129 

758 

2018 
£’000 

781 
12 
- 
(222) 

571 

6.  SEGMENTAL REPORTING 

During  the  year  under  review  management  identified  the  Group’s  only  operating  segment  as  the  research  and 
development  of  biotechnological  and  pharmaceutical  products.  This  one  segment  is  monitored  and  strategic 
decisions  are  made  based  upon  it  and  other  non-financial  data  collated  from  industry  intelligence.  The  form  of 
financial reporting reported to the Board is consistent with those presented in the annual financial statements. 

49 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

7.  AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION 

Remuneration  receivable  by  the  Company’s  auditor  for  the  audit  of  the 
consolidated and Company financial statements, including £16k (2017:£8k) for 
the audit of Company subsidiaries. 
Remuneration  receivable  by  the  Company’s  auditor  for  other  assurance 
services 

8.  EMPLOYEES 

Group 
Staff costs comprised: 
Directors’ salaries including bonus 
Employees, wages, salaries and bonus 
Social security costs 
Share based payment charge 

The average monthly number of employees, including directors, employed by 
the Group during the year was: 
Research and Development 
Corporate and administration 

A charge for share based payments totalling £586k (2018: £503k) was made in the year. 

Company 
Staff costs comprised: 

Directors’ salaries 
Recharge of US Salaries (including social security costs) 
Share based payment charge 

9.  REMUNERATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 

2019 
£’000 

2018 
£’000 

56 

82 

34 

56 

2019 
£’000 
892 
554 
477 
992 

2018 
£’000 
            455 
948 
447 
503 

2,912 

2,353 

6 
5 

11 

2018 
£’000 

151 
- 
503 

654 

5 
4 

9 

2019 
£’000 

892 
745 
992 

2,629 

2018 

2019 

Bonus 
£’000 

Salary 
£’000 

Director 

W Simon 
G. Cerrone (1) 

R. Dalla-Favera 
K. Shailubhai (2) 

Directors' 
fee 
£’000 
38 
80 
2 

- 

- 
143 
- 

159 

120 

302 

Directors' fee 
£’000 

Bonus 
£’000 

Salary 

38 
93 
20 

- 

151 

- 

- 
79 

79 

- 
- 
- 

225 

225  

- 
- 
- 

470 

470 

(1)  Gabriele Cerrone’s bonus covers the period June 9, 2016 to December 31, 2019 
(2)  Kunwar Shailubhai became an employee of the Company on 24th May 2017, at which point he ceased 

to be a non-executive director.  

50 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

The following share options were granted to directors in the year: 

Director 

R. Dalla-Favera 
W. Simon 
G. Cerrone 
L Zambeletti 
K Shailubhai 

2019 
Number of 
options 

-  
- 
- 
- 
- 

-  

2018 
Number of 
options 

-  
- 
550,000 
550,000 
6,500,000 

7,600,000  

The key management personnel of the Group are considered to be represented by the directors and officers of the 
Company.   

No director has yet benefitted from any increase in the value of share capital since issuance of the options.   

No director exercised share options in the year.   

The  Company  made  £12k  (2018:  £13k)  of  payments  to  a  defined  contribution  pension  schemes  on  behalf  of 
directors or employees. 

10.  FINANCE INCOME AND COSTS 

Group  

Finance Income 
Finance income received on net investment in lease 

Total finance income 

Finance Expenses 
Finance charge accrued on convertible loan notes  
Interest expense on lease liabilities 

Total finance expenses 

Net finance expense recognised in Statement of Comprehensive Income 

2019 
£’000 

2018 
£’000 

1 

1 

49 
24 

73 

72 

- 

- 

9 
- 

9 

9 

51 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

11.  TAXATION 

Group  
Current year tax (credit) 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods 

Deferred tax 
Origination and reversal of timing differences  

Total tax (credit) for period 

The tax charge for the year is different from the standard rate 
of  corporation  tax  in  the  United  Kingdom  of  19%.  The 
difference can be reconciled as follows: 

2019 
£’000 

2018 
£’000 

(518) 
(22) 

(800) 
(659) 

Nil 

Nil 

(540) 

(1,459) 

Loss before taxation 

(7,846) 

(7,454) 

Loss charged at standard rate of corporation tax 19%  

(1,491) 

(1,416) 

Tax losses arising in the year not recognised 
Movement in unrecognised deferred tax 
Expenses not deductible for taxation  
Adjustments due to prior periods 
Research and development claim 
Consolidation  adjustment  in  relation  to  foreign  exchange 
movements 

- 
(189) 
1,353 
(22) 
(223) 
32 

828 
- 
132 
(659) 
(344) 
- 

(540) 

(1,459) 

No deferred tax asset has been recognised in respect of trading losses carried forward because of uncertainty as 
to when these losses will be recoverable.  

The amount of tax losses for which no deferred tax assets has been recognised is £2,756k (2018: 2,946k). 

12.  LOSS PER SHARE 

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity holders of the company by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. 

(Loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company (£) 

(7,306,423) 

(5,950,061) 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue  

136,482,627 

127,553,866 

Basic loss per share (pence per share) 

(5.4) 

(4.7) 

2019 

2018 
(restated) 

As the Group is reporting a loss from continuing operations for the year then, in accordance with IAS 33, the share 
options are not considered dilutive because the exercise of the share options would have an anti-dilutive effect. The 
basic and diluted earnings per share as presented on the face of the Income Statement are therefore identical.  All 
earnings per share figures presented above arise from continuing and total operations and therefore no earnings 
per share for discontinued operations are presented. 

52 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

13.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Details of the Groups property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

Group 

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 

At 31 December 2019 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2019 
Charge in year 

At 31 December 2019 

Net book value as at 31 December 2019 

Net book value as at 31 December 2018 

14.  OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Group 
Other receivables 
Taxation receivable 
Related party receivable 
Prepayments  

Furniture 
and fixtures 
£’000 

IT 
equipment 
£’000 

Total 

£’000 

12 
- 
- 

12 

7 
2 

9 

3 

5 

25 
3 
- 

28 

24 
2 

26 

2 

1 

2019 
£’000 

103 
513 
246 
21 

883 

37 
3 
- 

40 

31 
4 

35 

5 

6 

2018 
£’000 

195 
800 
20 
33 

1,048 

There are no differences  between  the carrying  amount  and  fair  value  of  any of  the trade  and  other  receivables 
above.  

Company 

Taxation receivable 
Related party receivable 
Prepayments and accrued income 

15.  FINANCE LEASE RECEIVABLES 

2019 
£000 

53 
243 
9 

305 

2018 
£000 

300 
44 
43 

387 

In November 2019, the Group subleased one of its leased office spaces. The sublease has been classified as a 
finance lease receivable. 

Finance lease receivable 

Current 
Non-current 

31 Dec 2019 
£000  
109 
113 

  1 Jan 2019 
£000  
- 
- 

222 

- 

The undiscounted lease payments to be received over the next 5 years are as follows: 

53 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Undiscounted lease payments receivable 

113 

1 Year 

£000 

£000 

114 

2 years 

3 or more years 

£000 

- 

- 

113 

114 

The undiscounted lease payments do not include a discount factor charge of £5k. 

During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Group received £27k of income from its subleasing activities. 

Finance Lease Receivable 

Finance Lease receivable as at 1 Nov 2018 
Sublease income 

31 December 
2019 
£000 

249 
(27) 

222 

16.  OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

In June 2016, the Board approved the purchase of the data repository of DNA samples from SharDNA (an Italian 
entity in liquidation) for EUR 258k, approximately £217k. 

Management  recognizes  that  the  transaction  is  not  the  purchase  of  a  business  but  the  purchase  of  key  assets 
owned by SharDNA. These assets are owned by Tiziana Life Sciences PLC.   

The validity to the sale of the assets has been confirmed by the Italian judicial system. The Company is still unable 
to  utilise  these  assets  until  the  resolution  of  the  outstanding  data  protection  legal  action.  For  this  reason,  the 
investment has been recognised as a non-current asset until such a time that the Company is able to use this asset.  

The Company has not recognised a contingent liability in respect of the legal action as the outcome is uncertain 
and cannot be considered as probable to occur.  

17.  INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES 

Company  

Cost 
At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Disposals 
Less provision 
At 31 December 2019 

Impairment 
Charge in year 

At 31 December 2019 

Net book value as at 31 December 2019 

Net book value as at 31 December 2018 

Shares in group 
undertakings 

Capital 
Contribution 

£’000 

£’000 

Total 

£’000 

7,509 
- 
- 
- 
7,509 

(7,509) 

(7,509) 

12,796 
1,661 
- 
- 
12,796 

(12,796) 

(12,796) 

20,305 
1,661 
- 
- 
21,966 

(21,966) 

(21,966) 

- 

- 

- 

7,509 

12,796 

20,305 

54 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

The capital contribution represents the funding of operations of the subsidiaries by the parent, with the Company 
acting as the Group’s holding company.  

The Company’s interest in subsidiary undertakings is as follows: 

Name 

Principal activity  Registered Address 

Tiziana Pharma Limited 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc 

Longevia Genomics SRL 

Clinical stage 
biotechnology 
company 

Clinical stage 
biotechnology 
company 

Biotech 
Discovery 
Company 

3rd Floor, 11-12 St 
James’s Square, 
London, SW1Y 4LB 

420 Lexington Avenue 
Suite 2525 
New York, NY 10170 

Via Constantinopoli 42 
09100- Cagliari (CA) 

Percentage 
shareholding 
100% 

Country of 
incorporation 
England & 
Wales 

100% 

USA 

100% 

Italy 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc was incorporated on 28 October 2015. This entity was set up to house the Company’s US 
operations. 

Longevia Genomics SRL was incorporated on 4 July 2016. This entity was established to enable the Company to 
carry  out  R&D  activities  in  Sardinia  and  acting  as  the  European  legal  representative  of  the  Group,  as  per  EU 
regulatory (AIFA) requirements. 

During the year, the Company undertook an impairment review of its investments in subsidiaries. 

The Company has been funding its subsidiary operations from funds raised by the Company for the development 
of its project portfolio. The subsidiary’s activities have all been to support the Company in achieving its goals for 
progression of the project portfolio. The funding provided to the subsidiaries to date has been recognized in the 
Company as Investment in its subsidiaries, and the Company does not expect the amounts to be repaid.  The IP 
relating  to  the  project  portfolio  belongs  to  the  Company  and  hence  any  future  benefits  will  also  belong  to  the 
Company. It is highly unlikely that these benefits will be distributed to the subsidiaries.  The Company therefore 
determined that the investment should be impaired. 

18.  SHARE CAPITAL  

Company and Group  

2019 

2018 

Ordinary Shares 

2019 
£000 

In issue at 1 January 

136,463,818 

125,054,805 

4,094 

Issued for cash 
Issued in lieu of consultancy 
fees 

Conversion of warrants 

Conversion of Loan 

Commission and Interest 

- 

7,742,167 

190,698 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,454,644 

2,137,625 

74,577 

- 

5 

- 

- 

- 

2018  
£000 

3,752 

232 

- 

45 

65 

- 

In issue at 31 December 

136,654,516 

136,463,818 

4,099 

4,094 

Ordinary Shares 

Ordinary shares have a par value of £0.03. Every holder of ordinary shares is entitled to one vote, to participate in 
dividends, and to share in the proceeds of winding up the company in proportion to the number of and amounts 
paid on the shares held. On a show of hands every holder of ordinary shares present at a meeting in person or by 
proxy, is entitled to one vote, and upon a poll each share is entitled to one vote. The Company does not have a 
limited amount of authorised capital. 

Issuance of ordinary shares 

In November 2019, 190,968 new ordinary shares were issued in lieu of a consultancy fee of £82,000. 

55 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

19.  SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 

Group and Company  

Options 

The  Company  operates  share-based payment arrangements  to  remunerate directors and  key  employees in  the 
form of a share option scheme. The exercise price of the option is normally equal to the market price of an ordinary 
share in the Company at the date of grant.  

Options (‘000) 

2019 

Weighted 
Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Options (‘000) 

2018 

Weighted 
Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Outstanding at 1 January 

Granted 
Forfeited 
Cancelled 

Outstanding at 31 
December 

Exercisable at 31 
December 

18,617 

- 
(2,238) 
- 

16,379 

5,521 

84 

- 
(115) 
- 

86 

51 

10,717 

9,500 
(1,600) 
- 

18,617 

5,236 

93 

82 
(172) 
- 

84 

39 

No options were exercised during the period ending 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2018. 

The  total  outstanding  fair  value  charge  of  the share  option  instruments is  deemed  to  be approximately  £3,800k 
(2018: £5,175k).  

The Directors have used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of most of the options 
applying the assumptions below. 

Historical volatility relies in part on the historical volatility of a group of peer companies that management believes 
is generally comparable to the Company. 

The  Company  has  not paid  any  dividends  on common  stock  since its inception  and  does  not  anticipate  paying 
dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. 

The Company has estimated a forfeiture rate of zero. 

Grant date share price 
Exercise share price  
Vesting periods 

Risk free rate 
Expected volatility 
Option life 

10 March 2017 

30 August 2017 

30 April 2018 

£1.725 
£1.725 
Yr1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr4  

£1.595 
£1.595 

  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, 

Yr4 

£0.8175 
£0.8175 
  Yr 1, Yr 2, Yr 3, Yr4 

0.38% to 1.09% 
80% to 167% 
10 years 

0.69% to 1.09% 
58% to 60% 
10 years 

0.69% to 1.03% 
58% to 59.7% 
10 years 

Weighted average share price 

Weighted average fair value per 
share option 

£1.725 

£1.06 

£1.595 

£0.57 

£0.8175 

£0.38 

56 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

For the options issued with a market condition attached, the Directors have used the Monte Carlo simulation to 
estimate  the  fair  value  of  these  options.  The  Company  uses  the  following  methods  to  determine  its  underlying 
assumptions:  

• 
• 

• 

expected volatilities are based on the historical volatilities of the market; 
the expected term of the award is 15 years and is based on managements’ assessment of when the market 
condition is likely to be achieved; and 
a range of fair value’s per share were produced and management have determined the most appropriate 
value based on their knowledge of the market and vesting conditions being fulfilled. 

Warrants 

On 2nd March 2015, warrants were granted over 600,000 shares at an exercise price of £0.50 per share in lieu of 
the issue of options. The warrants are exercisable until 31 December 2021. 

On 31st May 2015, warrants were granted over 292,500 shares at an exercise price of £0.66 per share in lieu of 
fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 31 May 2022. 

On 11th November 2017, warrants were granted over 100,000 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in 
conjunction with a Convertible Loan Note. The warrants are exercisable until 20 November 2022. 

On 11th December 2017, warrants were granted over 183,333 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in 
conjunction with a Convertible Loan Note. The warrants are exercisable until 11 December 2023. 

On 15th December 2017, warrants were granted over 196,667 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in 
conjunction with a Convertible Loan Note. The warrants are exercisable until 15 December 2023. 

On 16th January 2018, warrants were granted over 63,334 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in lieu of 
fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 15 January 2024. 

On  22nd  January  2018,  warrants  were  granted  over  133,333  shares  at  an  exercise  price  of  £1.60  per  share  in 
conjunction with a Convertible Loan Note. The warrants are exercisable until 22 January 2024. 

On 5th March 2018, warrants were granted over 78,000 shares at an exercise price of £1.60 per share in lieu of 
fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 5 March 2024. 

On  19th  April  2018,  warrants were  granted  over  51,563  shares  at an  exercise  price  of £0.8  per share  in  lieu  of 
fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 19 April 2024. 

On 28th November 2018, warrants were granted over 185,000 shares at an exercise price of £0.8 per share in lieu 
connection with the issuance and conversion of a loan. The warrants are exercisable until 27 November 2023. 

On  28th  November  2018,  warrants  were  granted  over  150,000  shares at  an exercise  price  of  £0.8  per share in 
connection with the issuance and conversion of a loan. The warrants are exercisable until 27 November 2023. 

On 31st October 2019, warrants were granted over 185,950 shares at an exercise price of £0.42 per share in in lieu 
of fundraising fees. The warrants are exercisable until 31 October 2024. 

On 31st October 2019, warrants were granted over 1,289,372 shares at an exercise price of £0.42 per share in 
connection with the issuance of a convertible loan note. The warrants are exercisable until 31 October 2024. 

As disclosed in Note 3, the Group has made an adjustment to its accounting treatment of warrants this year.  

The Directors have estimated the fair value of the warrants in services provided using the Black-Scholes valuation 
model and assumptions above.  

Weighted  average  share 
price 

2019 

2018 

2017 

£0.42 

£0.67 

£1.60 

2015 

£0.55 

57 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

For each set of warrants, the charge has been expensed over the service period. A share-based payment charge 
for the year of £nil (year to December 2018, restated: £45k) has been expensed in the statement of comprehensive 
income. 

20.  CONVERTIBLE DEBT INSTRUMENT 

Group and Company 

Planwise Convertible Loan Notes 2016 

From  the  date  of  the  reverse  acquisition  a  convertible  loan  note  of  £200k  was  in  existence  as  detailed  in  the 
Admission Document dated 31 March 2014. Proceeds of the subscriptions for the notes are to be used exclusively 
to finance the Company's on-going working capital requirements. The terms of the loan note are that the loan notes, 
plus accrued interest at a rate of 4 per cent above Bank of England base rate per annum, will convert into ordinary 
shares  in  the  Company  at  a  price  of  £0.10  per  share  at  the  election  of  Planwise  any  time  after  the  second 
anniversary of the readmission to AIM on 24 April 2014. The Company considers this to be a Convertible Debt 
Instrument as detailed in the policy described at note 2 as a result of the fact that the Company is obligated to repay 
the  capital  amount  and  the  interest  of  the  loan,  and  Planwise  has  the  right  to  settle  the  obligation  via  a  cash 
settlement and is not limited to settling the obligation in shares in the Company. 

Accounting for the convertible debt instrument 

The net proceeds received from the issue of the Planwise Convertible Loan Note has been recorded as a debt 
liability  in  the  balance  sheet  and  the  accrued  interest  charged  to  the  income  statement.  The  liability  for  the 
convertible debt instrument at 31 December 2019 is; 

Convertible loan notes issued 

Accrued interest  

2019 
£000 

243 

9 

252 

2018 
£000 

234 

9 

243 

21.  CONVERTIBLE INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFIED AS EQUITY  

On  31st  October  2019,  the  Company  decided  to  raise  convertible  equity  finance,  with  warrants  attached,  from 
supportive existing shareholders. £1,473,000 was raised from the issuance of Convertible Loan Notes. The Loan 
Notes  are  short  term  instruments  and  carry  a  coupon  of  16%  per  annum  and  are  convertible  (together  with  all 
accrued interest) into ordinary shares of nominal value £0.03 each in the capital of the Company at a conversion 
price of 42p,they are not convertible into cash. The Loan Notes are convertible on the third anniversary of the date 
of issue of the Notes, or at the election of the noteholder on completion of the next non-qualifying equity financing 
or on the making of a takeover offer for the Company (as defined in the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers), and 
such election may be made on an immediate basis or conditional on any such takeover offer being declared, or 
becoming, unconditional. 

The warrants issued in connection with the Loan Notes entitle the holders to subscribe for one additional share per 
conversion share at the same price of 42p. The warrants may be exercised for a period of up to 5 years from their 
date of issue.  

The principal amount of the Convertible Equity Instrument that was recorded as in the convertible loan note reserve 
prior to conversion is as follows: 

58 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Par value of Convertible loan notes issued 

Less: Fair value of warrants issued to note holders 

Accrued interest 

22.  RESERVES 

£000 

1,473 

(413) 

1,060 

39 

1,099 

The share-based payment reserve for warrants represent the value of equity shares which could be issued in future 
accounting periods if the warrants in issue are exercised. 

The share-based payment reserve for options represents the value of equity shares which could be issued in future 
accounting periods if the share-based payment options in issue are exercised. 

The convertible loan note reserve represents the value of equity shares which could be issued in future accounting 
periods if the convertible loan notes are converted into equity. 

The other reserve was created as a result of the reverse acquisition of Alexander David Investments Plc, which is 
described in note 2. The reserve is required due to the fact that the reverse acquisition accounting requires the legal 
parent's equity structure to be shown. 

Retained  earnings  represent  the  cumulative  profits/(losses)  of  the  entity  which  have  not  been  distributed  to 
shareholders. This reserve has been credited as part of the capital reduction exercise described below. 

On the 14 of September 2016 the High Court granted the Company permission to cancel its share premium account 
and its capital redemption reserve. The order had previously been ratified at the AGM held on 30 June 2016. The 
£31.1m of distributable reserves arising from this transaction were taken to the capital reduction reserve. 

The Company also decided to cancel its merger relief reserve as part of the capital reduction exercise.  

The  translation  reserve  represents  the  unrealised  gains  or  losses  from  the  foreign  currency  translation  of 
Companies within the Group. 

23.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments are liquidity risk, foreign currency risk and credit risk. 
The directors regularly review and agree policies for managing each of these risks which are summarised below. 

Market risk 

Market risk encompasses three types of risk, being foreign currency exchange risk, price risk and fair value interest 
rate risk. The Group policies for managing fair value interest rate risk are considered along with those for managing 
cash flow interest rate risk and are set out in the subsection entitled ‘‘interest rate risk’’ below. The Directors do not 
consider the Group’s exposure to price risk to be significant. The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the 
Directors and focuses on actively securing the Group’s short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure 
to financial markets. The Group does not engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes. 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. Credit risk arises principally from cash and cash equivalents and deposits 
with banks and financial institutions as well as credit exposure to customers including committed transactions and 
outstanding receivables. The Group reviews its banking arrangements carefully to minimise such risks and currently 
has no customers and therefore this risk is viewed as minimal. Management monitor loans between members of 
the Group as part of their internal reporting and assess outstanding receivables for ability to be repaid. 

59 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Liquidity risk 

The Group’s policy is to regularly monitor current and expected liquidity requirements to ensure that it maintains 
sufficient reserves of cash to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and long term. The Group ordinarily finances 
its activities through cash generated from by private and public offerings of equity and debt securities. 

The  table  below  summarises  the  maturity  profile  of  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  based  on  contractual 
undiscounted payments: 

Less than 3 
months 
439 
200 
641 

2019 

3 to 12 
months 
2,739 
252 
2,989 

Total 

3,178 
452 
3,630 

£000 

Trade and other payables 
Related party payables 

Foreign currency risks 

The group operates internationally although the majority of its operations are based in the United Kingdom and the 
majority of assets and liabilities denominated in Pounds Sterling. It therefore is exposed to foreign exchange risk 
arising from exposure to various currencies primarily the Euro and US Dollar.  

The Group monitors currency exchange rates and makes judgments as to whether to enter into currency hedging 
contracts. Currently no such hedging contracts are in place. 

Sensitivity analysis 

A reasonably possible strengthening (weakening) of the Euro, US dollar, or Sterling against all other currencies at 
31 December would have affected the measurement of the financial instruments denominated in a foreign currency 
and affected equity and profit and loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables 
remain constant. 

December 31, 2019 

EUR (5% movement) 
USD (5% movement) 

Interest rate risk 

Profit or loss and equity 

Strengthening 

Weakening 

62 
35 

(68) 
(39) 

The Group has limited exposure to interest-rate risk arising from its bank deposits. These deposit accounts are held 
at variable interest rates based on Allied Irish Bank base rate.  

The Directors do not consider the impact of possible interest rate changes based on current market conditions to 
be material to the net result for the year or the equity position at the year-end for either the year ended 31 December 
2019 or 31 December 2018. 

24.  CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

For the purpose of the Group’s capital management, capital includes called up share capital, share premium, share 
based payments for options, share based payments for warrants, convertible loan note reserve, capital reduction 

60 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

reserve and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the parent as reflected in the statement of 
financial position. 

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern and to maximise shareholder value through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

The Group adjusts its capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions and expected business demands 
on capital. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Group considers whether or not to pay dividends 
and  adjusts  the  amount  of  any  dividend  payments  to  shareholders.  The  Group  may  also  return  capital  to 
shareholders or issue additional shares. 

25.  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Group 

Trade payables 
Accruals  

Company 

Trade payables 
Accruals  

2019 
£000  

3,178 
1,673 

2018 
£000  

2,860 
1,813 

4,851 

4,673 

2019 
£000  

970 
1,121 

2,091 

2018 
£000  

569 
1,299 

1,868 

26.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Tiziana Pharma Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. During the year, Tiziana Life 
Sciences Plc transferred a cash amount of £1,841k (2018: £3,079k) in total to Tiziana Pharma Limited. Included 
within Investment in subsidiaries of Tiziana Life Sciences Plc’s company financial statements at the balance sheet 
date is £11,672k (2018: £9,831k) owed by Tiziana Pharma Limited. 

Tiziana Therapeutics Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. During the year, Tiziana Life 
Sciences Plc transferred a cash amount of £1,551k (2018: £1,204k) to Tiziana Therapeutics Inc. Included within 
investment in subsidiaries of Tiziana Life Sciences plc’s company financial statements at the balance sheet date is 
£4,498k (2018: £2,948k) owed Tiziana Therapeutics Inc. 

Longevia Genomics SRL. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tiziana Life Sciences plc. During the year, Tiziana Life 
Sciences Plc transferred a cash amount of £5k (2018: £18k) to Longevia Genomics SRL. Included within investment 
in  subsidiaries  of  Tiziana  Life  Sciences  plc’s  company  financial  statements  at  the  balance  sheet  date  is  £23k 
(2018:£18k) owed by Longevia Genomics SRL. 

Rasna Therapeutics Inc is a related party as Tiziano Lazzaretti, CFO of Tiziana, is also CFO of Rasna as 
Kunwar Shailubhai, director of our Company, is also a director of Rasna. Rasna is also party to a Shared Services 
agreement with Tiziana whereby the Company is charged for shared services such as the payroll and rent. As of 
December 31, 2019, £4k (2018: £102k) was owed to Tiziana Life Sciences PLC. 

OKYO Pharma Ltd is a related party as Kunwar Shailubhai, director of our Company, is also a director of OKYO. 
In addition, Tiziano Lazzaretti, CFO of Tiziana, is also CFO of OKYO. OKYO is also party to a Shared Services 
agreement with Tiziana whereby the Company is charged for shared services such as the payroll and rent. As of 
December 31, 2019, £21k (2018: £102k) was owed to Tiziana Life Sciences PLC in respect of this agreement. 
OKYO Pharma Ltd has also extended a short term loan facility of £400k to Tiziana with interest payable of 20% 
per annum, as Tiziana failed to repay the amount owed by the repayment date. In respect of this loan, £200k was 
due as of December 31, 2019. 

61 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Gensignia Lifesciences Inc is a related party as Kunwar Shailubhai, director of our Company, is also a director 
of Gensignia. In addition, Tiziano Lazzaretti, CFO of Tiziana, is also CFO of Gensignia. As of December 31, 2019, 
£241k (2018: £43k) was owed to Tiziana Life Sciences PLC. 

Planwise  Group  Limited  is  a  related  party  as  Gabriele  Cerrone,  Executive  Chairman,  is  considered  to  have  a 
beneficial  interest  in  the  shares  and  voting  rights  held  Planwise  Group  Limited.  As  described  in  Note  20,  the 
Company has a Convertible Debt Instrument  outstanding with Planwise and as of December 31, 2019, Tiziana 
owed £252k (2018: £243k) with respect to this instrument. 

27.  LEASES 

All leases are accounted for by recognising a right-of-use asset and a lease liability except for: 

• 
• 

Leases of low value assets; and 
Leases with a duration of 12 months or less. 

IFRS16  was  adopted  1  January  2019  without  restatement  of  comparative  figures.  For  an  explanation  of  the 
transitional  requirements  that  were  applied  as  at  I  January  2019,  see  Note  4.  The  following  policies  apply 
subsequent to the date of initial application, 1 January 2019. 

The Group has leases for its offices. Each lease is reflected on the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a 
lease  liability.  The  Group  does  not  have  any  short-term  leases  or  leases  of  low  value  assets.  Variable  lease 
payments which do not depend on an index or a rate (such as lease payments based on a percentage of Group 
sales) are excluded from the initial measurement of the lease liability and asset. The Group classifies its right-of-
use assets in a consistent manner to its property, plant and equipment (see Note 12). 

For leases over office buildings and factory premises the Group must keep those properties in a good state of 
repair and return the properties in their original condition at the end of the lease. 

During the course of 2019, the Group sublet one of its office spaces. This has been recognised as a writeback of 
the associated right of use asset and the recognition of a finance lease receivable for the value of the sublease. 

Right-of-use assets 

At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Depreciation 
Finance lease receivable 
Loss on disposal 
Foreign exchange movements 

Lease Liabilities 

At 1 January 2019 
Additions 
Interest expense 
Lease payments 

31 Dec 2019 
£000  
833 
- 
(194) 
(249) 
(56) 
(5) 

329 

31 Dec 2019 
£000  
833 
- 
24 
(234) 

623 

Lease liabilities are presented in the statement of financial; position as follows: 

31 Dec 2019 

  1 Jan 2019 

62 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

Current 
Non-current 

£000  
212 
411 

£000  
197 
636 

623 

833 

The  lease  liabilities  are  secured  by  the  related  underlying  assets.  Future  minimum  lease  payments  as  at  31 
December 2019 were as follows: 

Within 1 year 

1-2 years 

2-5 years 

Over 5 years 

Total 

Minimum lease payment due 

31 December 2019 
Lease payments 
Finance Charges 
Net Present Values 

230 
(17) 
213 

208 
(10) 
198 

224 
(11) 
213 

- 
- 

662 
(39) 
623 

The total net cash outflow for leases in the year to 31 December 2019 was £156,748. 

28.  POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS 

On 13 January 2020, the Company announced that its intention to redomicile the Company to Bermuda and its 
proposed cancellation from AIM.  

On 21 January 2020, the Company announced the appointment of Greg MacRae to the Board of Directors. 

On 23 January 2020, the Company announced the filing of a Form F-3 with the Securities Exchange Commission 
to  enable the Company to potentially conduct a future fundraise in the US. A General meeting was subsequently 
called to seek general authorities to issue shares which would be required in the event that the Company were to 
utilise the shelf registration. 

On 11 March 2020, the Company announced that it is expediting development of TZLS-501, a novel, fully human 
anti-interleukin-6 receptor (anti-IL6R) monoclonal antibody (mAb) for treatment of patients infected with coronavirus 
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Tiziana plans to administer TZLS-501 using a proprietary formulation technology. The 
Company entered into a world-wide license for composition-of-matter of TZLS-501, a fully human mAb targeting IL-
6R, with Novimmune, SA, a Swiss biotechnology company in January 2017.  

On 16 March 2020, the Company announced the closing of its underwritten follow-on public offering of American 
Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) on the NASDAQ Global Market. The Company issued 3,333,333 ADSs (representing 
16,666,665 new ordinary shares of nominal value £0.03 each in the capital of the Company) at a price to the public 
of  $3.00  per  ADS  raising  gross  proceeds  of  approximately  $10  million  (before  deducting  underwriting  discount, 
commissions  and  offering  expenses).  Each  ADS  offered  represents  five  (5)  Ordinary  Shares  (reduced  from  10 
ordinary  shares  in  a  stock  split  that  took  place  in  October  2019.  In  addition,  the  Company  has  granted  the 
underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 499,999 ADSs on the same terms and conditions (the 
“Option”). All ADSs sold in the Offering were offered by the Company. The number of Ordinary Shares represented 
by ADSs comprised in the Offering (including by way of the exercise of the Option) were within existing shareholder 
authorities. 

On 9 April 2020, the Company announced that it had developed investigational new technology to treat COVID-19 
infections, which consists of direct delivery of anti-IL-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into the 
lungs  using  a  handheld  inhaler  or  nebulizer.  Development  of  this  novel  technology  is  a  step  forward  toward 
expediting  development  of  TZLS-501,  a  fully-human  anti-interleukin-6  receptor  (anti-IL6R)  monoclonal  antibody 
(mAb)  for  treatment of  patients  infected  with  COVID-19  (SARS-CoV-2)  coronavirus.  The Company believes  the 
technology could also be applicable for use with other FDA approved mAbs and drugs. The Company has submitted 
a provisional patent application for the delivery technology. At this time, an estimate of the financial effect cannot 
be determined. 

On 15 April 2020 the Company entered into an "At the Market" or "ATM" Sales Agreement with Think Equity (a 
division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc.) to raise up to US$20m from the sale of ADSs (each representing 
5 new ordinary shares).   

On  15  April  2020, the  Company  issued  420,000  new  Ordinary  Shares  of  3  pence  each  in  connection  with  the 
exercise of options by a former director granted under the Company's 2014 share option scheme. 

63 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

On 24 April 2020, the Company issued 6,118,797 new Ordinary Shares of 3 pence each in paid in respect of (i) the 
conversion of £1,595,322 in face value of its outstanding convertible notes at a conversion price of 42 pence per 
share (including accrued interest of 16 per cent.); and (ii) the exercise of 1,712,672 warrants at a price of 35 pence 
per share, yielding £599,435.20 in cash proceeds for the Company and retiring £1,595,322 of indebtedness. 

On 6 May, 2020, the Company held a General Meeting and announced that all resolutions had been passed. The 
resolutions  included  the  grant  of  options  under  the  Company's  long-term  incentive  plan  or  US  sub-plan  (as 
appropriate) over 9,000,000 Shares to Dr Kunwar Shailubhai, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Scientific Officer; (b) options over 400,000 Shares to Tiziano Lazzaretti, the Company's Chief Financial Officer; and 
(c) options over a further 327,000 Shares to other staff members, all at an exercise price of 35p per share and all 
conditional on the surrender of all existing share options held by those individuals. The resolutions also included 
the  grant  by  the  Company  of  options  over  3,809,403  Shares  to  Gabriele  Cerrone,  the  Company's  Executive 
Chairman under the Company's long-term incentive plan at an exercise price of 35p per share and conditional on 
the surrender of all existing share options held by Mr Cerrone. 

On  18  May  2020, the  Company  issued  264,286  ordinary  shares  of  3  pence  each  in  respect  of  the  exercise  of 
264,286 warrants at a price of 50 pence per share, yielding £132,143 in cash proceeds for the Company. 

On 2 June 2020, the Company issued 1,234,399 ordinary shares in respect of the exercise of 1,234,399 warrants 
at a price of 39 pence and 50 pence per share, yielding £578,700 in cash proceeds for the Company. The Company 
also announced that during the calendar month of May, the Company issued a total of 1,743,445 ordinary shares 
under the Company’s ATM sales agreement announced on 15 April 2020 to meet sales of a total of 348,689 ADSs 
under the ATM sales agreement, totalling gross proceeds of $1,985,004. 

The Company does not believe that the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic will have an adverse effect on the 
Company’  operations.  Indeed,  the  Company  has  raised  substantial  funds  during  the  pandemic  to  enable  it  to 
expedite development of TZLS-501 as well as other initiatives within its project pipeline. 

29.  FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS 

The Group’s main financial commitments relate to the contractual payments in respect of its licensing agreements.  
Due  to  the  uncertain  nature  of  scientific  research  and  development  and  the  length  of  time  required  to  reach 
commercialisation of the products of this research and development, pre-clinical, clinical and commercial milestone 
obligations are not detailed until there is a reasonable certainty that the obligation will become payable.  Contractual 
commitments are detailed where amounts are known and certain. 

•  Milciclib project research future payments relate to the achievement of clinical milestones or the payment 

of royalties.  

• 

Foralumab project – Future payments relate to the achievement of clinical milestones or the payment of 
royalties. Diligence obligations are payable to BMS/Medarex should the project continue to 
commercialisation. 

The Group also has financial commitments with a realisation bonus due to its Executive Chairman.  The Executive 
Chairman is also eligible to receive two realisation bonuses as follows: 

(a) 

(b) 

in the event that, either: (i) the Group raises, in one or a series of transactions, new equity capital in 
excess of £20,000,000 (after expenses); or (ii) there is a sale, in one or a series of transactions, of all 
or substantially all of the assets (calculated on the basis of book values) of the Group Companies (or 
a licence of the same on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis), where the Enterprise Value equals or 
exceeds  £150,000,000;  or  (iii)  there  is  a  change  of  control  where  the  Enterprise  Value  equals  or 
exceeds £150,000,000, in which case the Realisation Bonus will be the amount equal to the Enterprise 
Value multiplied by two and a half (2.5) per cent; 

In addition to the payment of the Realisation Bonus outlined above, in the event that, during this 
Agreement, either: (i) there is a sale, in one or a series of transactions, of all or substantially all of 
the assets ( calculated on the basis of book values) of the Group ( or a licence of the same on an 
exclusive or non-exclusive basis ), where · the Enterprise Value equals or exceeds £300;000,000; or 
(ii) there is either a change of control where the Enterprise Value equals or exceeds £300,000,000, 
the Chairman will be entitled to receive an additional Realisation Bonus in the amount equal to the 
Enterprise Value multiplied by three and a half (3.5) per cent. 

64 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

The Enterprise Value means: (i) in the case of a change of control resulting in consideration payable to the Group 
(for example, on a sale of its assets or licensing transaction), the total cash and non-cash consideration received 
by the Group; or (ii) in the case of a change of control resulting in consideration payable to the shareholders of the 
ordinary shares in the issued share capital of the Group from time to time, the total cash and non-cash 
consideration payable to the Shareholders. 

65 

 TIZIANA LIFE SCIENCES PLC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2019