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Torstar Corp.

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FY2016 Annual Report · Torstar Corp.
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TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      PB

A N N U A L   R E P O R T

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 

    2016   

   2015

OPERATING RESULTS ($000)

Operating revenue 

             $685,099 

           $786,631

Segmented operating revenue (1) 

  761,697 

             843,640

Segmented Adjusted EBITDA (1) 

Operating earnings (loss) (1) 

Operating profit (loss) 

Net loss   

   60,478 

  (14,428) 

 69,296

 21,235

  (61,051) 

           (354,069)

  (74,836) 

           (404,837)

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

  (10,599) 

 38,050

Segmented Adjusted EBITDA - Percentage       

of segmented operating revenue (1)                                                              7.9%                              8.2%

PER CLASS A AND CLASS B SHARES

Net loss   

Dividends 

  ($0.93)  

  $0.18   

($5.02)

$0.525

Price range (high/low) 

            $2.90/$1.39 

         $7.50/$2.55

FINANCIAL POSITION ($000)

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 

  $87,221 

             $73,076

Equity 

             $326,170 

           $419,737

The Annual Meeting of shareholders will be held Wednesday, May 3, 2017 at The Toronto Star Building, 
3rd Floor Auditorium, One Yonge Street, Toronto, beginning at 10 a.m. It will also be webcast live on the Internet.

OPERATING REVENUE ($millions)

oPERATinG EARninGs (loss) ($millions) (1)

14
15
16

858

787
685

61

21

14
15
16

(14)

nET inComE (loss) PER sHARE

sEGmEnTED ADJUsTED EBiTDA ($millions) (1)

(5.02)

(0.93)

14
15
16

2.16

14
15
16

104

69

60

(1) These are non-IFRS measures. These along with other Non-IFRS measures appear in the President’s message. Refer to page 38 for a reconciliation of IFRS measures.  

This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including the “safe harbour“ provisions of the Securities Act (Ontario). 
We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements as a number of factors could cause our results to differ materially from the beliefs, targets, outlooks, 
expectations, goals, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements. Additional information about these factors is contained on page 9 under the 
heading “Forward-Looking Statements”.

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M E S S A G E   F R O M   T H E   C H A I R

John Honderich
Chair, Board of Directors

2016 was a year of transition and evolution for Torstar as the company witnessed the retirement of two senior executives and 

the consolidation of its digital strategy.

The  headwinds  buffeting  the  newspaper  industry  have  continued  unabated,  yet  the  company’s  major  new  investment, 

VerticalScope Holdings Inc., showed ever-improving results throughout the year, confirming our expectation that it could be 

an engine of growth for Torstar. Our second major investment was in Toronto Star Touch, an innovative and highly acclaimed 

app designed for tablets, which has not been as successful as expected.

On the editorial side, both the Toronto Star and Metroland newspapers have maintained their tradition of editorial excellence. 

Despite more limited resources, major investigative projects and insightful local reporting have been the hallmark of papers 

across the company.

With ongoing economic pressures, the need for the company to take out cost has continued. Layoffs were carried out in most 

properties and the company decided to close the Vaughan Press Centre, which had printed the Toronto Star for 24 years. The 

property was later sold for net proceeds of $53.6 million. Torstar has always benefited tremendously from a dedicated and 

skilled workforce. We want to salute those who are no longer with the company and reassure them their service will not be 

forgotten.

As mentioned before, there were two significant resignations in 2016. President and Chief Executive Officer David Holland 

announced mid-year his intent to step down once an orderly transition could take place. In early May, 2016, John Cruickshank, 

Publisher  of  the  Toronto  Star  and  President  of  Star  Media  Group,  formally  stepped  down.  After  that  date,  David  Holland 

has acted as interim Publisher and head of Star Media Group. We all owe a great deal of gratitude to David for his selfless 

dedication to both jobs and his steady stewardship of the company through some very turbulent times. After almost eight 

years at the helm, he leaves Torstar debt free, with an exciting new investment in VerticalScope and the company’s newspapers 

still viewed as the most respected in the nation.  

David has been ably assisted throughout by Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice-President Lorenzo DeMarchi. Both Ian 

Oliver, President of Metroland Media Group, and Chris Goodridge, Senior Vice-President, Digital Ventures, have continued to 

provide critical leadership in our community newspaper and digital divisions.

Finally, Torstar has been fortunate to have a fully committed and strategic Board of Directors. We were very sorry to lose 

Phyllis Yaffe as our Lead Director as she accepted an invitation from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to be Canada’s Consul 

General in New York City.  Phyllis was an outstanding director whose strategic perspective was simply superb. We thank her 

wholeheartedly for her years of service. And I want to thank the entire Board for its dedication and insights.

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T O   O U R   S H A R E H O L D E R S

David Holland
President and Chief Executive Officer

2016 proved to be a significant year of transition, evolution and progress for 
Torstar.  The business environment in the industry continued to be challenging, 
but Torstar made substantial progress on several important fronts. Our earnings 
base shifted meaningfully towards our digital operations in 2016 thanks to the 
very  strong  performance  of  VerticalScope,  our  most  significant  digital  asset. 
We  successfully  transitioned  printing  of  the  Toronto  Star  to  Transcontinental, 
achieving  significant  operating  savings  and  generating  almost  $54  million  in 
cash from the sale of the property. And our digital presence across our properties 
continued to show impressive growth with total average monthly page views of 
118 million, up 20% versus the previous year, with greater engagement with us, 
particularly on mobile platforms.

In  our  media  operations,  we  were  not  immune  from  the  continuing  print 
advertising industry structural challenge in 2016. We experienced this in both 
Star  Media  Group  (SMG)  and  Metroland  Media  Group  (MMG)  where  run-of-
press  revenues  were  under  pressure.  At  the  same  time,  two  very  large  and 
important revenue categories, subscriber revenue at SMG and flyer distribution 
revenue at MMG, showed more resilience. SMG subscriber revenue was down 
6% and MMG flyer distribution revenue was down 4%.  These two categories 
represent 30% of Torstar overall segmented revenue.  

We made significant progress in evolving Torstar Corporation towards a more 
digital  future  in  2016.  Across  SMG  and  MMG,  digital  revenue  grew  by  3%, 
excluding the impact of the closure of Olive Media, led by increasing sales of 
digital solutions by MMG to local business and by growth in more sophisticated 
forms of digital advertising at thestar.com.

Even more significant was the growth and contribution related to our investment 
in  VerticalScope.  We  invested  $180  million  mid-way  through  2015.  In  2016, 
our first full year of ownership of our interest, VerticalScope contributed $23.7 
million of adjusted EBITDA, representing approximately 40% of Torstar’s overall 
segmented adjusted EBITDA for the year.

VerticalScope had a very strong year with revenue up 21% and adjusted EBITDA 
up 20%. The company generated significant free cash flow in the year that was 
used for a number of acquisitions and to reduce debt. VerticalScope’s strong 
North  American  position  in  several  key  digital  audience  verticals  including 
automotive, power sports, and outdoor, its expertise in programmatic technology 
and talented leadership make it one of Canada’s unique digital success stories.

As  was  anticipated  at  the  time  of  the  original  investment,  VerticalScope  is 
growing nicely and making a meaningful contribution to the continuing evolution 
of our asset and earnings base.

As  we  work  through  the  continuing  transition,  we  remain  committed  to 
maintaining  a  solid  financial  position  and  ended  2016  with  $75  million  in 
unrestricted  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  no  bank  debt.  This  foundation 
enables  Torstar  to  take  a  long-term  view  in  its  decision-making  through  this 
period of transition, taking the steps necessary to increasingly position Torstar 
for a more digitally oriented future. 

 OPERATING RESULTS

Torstar’s results were affected by the continued pressures on print advertising.  
Segment adjusted EBITDA was $60 million, down $9 million compared to the 
prior year. As previously mentioned, we were very pleased with VerticalScope’s 
performance in our first full calendar year of reporting results.

We finished 2016 in a solid financial position, benefitting from the sale of the 
Vaughan  printing  facility  and  in  the  important  area  of  pensions  we  expect 
our funding requirements for our defined benefit pension plans in 2017 to be 
similar to the previous year. 

Star  Media  Group,  which  includes  the  Toronto  Star,  Metro,  Sing  Tao,  The  Kit 
and some of our digital properties, reported adjusted EBITDA of $0.7 million, 
down $18.7 million. The decline in EBITDA includes the absence of $7.1 million 
of digital media tax credits and the loss of $7.6 million of contribution from the 
absence of commercial printing and the closure of Olive Media, both of which 
benefitted 2015 results. The remaining decline was attributable to declining print 
advertising revenues at the Toronto Star and Metro, offset by considerable efforts 
on  cost.  We  took  several  major  steps  to  reduce  costs,  including  closing  the 
Vaughan printing facility, offering a voluntary severance plan, and consolidating 
Metro’s  Toronto-based  operations  at  our  One  Yonge  Street  headquarters  in 
Toronto.  Segmented  revenue  was  down  18%  to  $280  million,  due  in  part  to 
the closure of the Olive Media operation and the commercial printing operation 
at the Vaughan printing facility. Adjusted for these factors, segmented revenue 
was down $40.4 million, or 12%, in 2016. After adjusting for the closure of Olive 
Media, we were pleased that digital revenues continued to progress, up 6.1%. 

The Toronto Star, our flagship publication, enjoyed successes on a number of 
fronts, continuing its tradition of editorial excellence in the print edition and 
maintaining a lead of more than twice as many weekday readers as its closest 
paid daily competitor in the Greater Toronto Area. Metro Toronto is the second-
most-read weekday newspaper in the Greater Toronto Area. Some 3 million 
Toronto-area  adults  engage  with  the  Star  or  Metro  in  an  average  week.  The 
Toronto Star remains Canada’s largest newspaper in terms of print readers, 
with 1.5 million readers nationally on an average weekday. As well, Metro also 
publishes  daily  print  editions  in  Vancouver,  Calgary,  Edmonton,  Winnipeg, 
Ottawa and Halifax. We are firmly committed to growing the Metro publications 
in those communities.

At Metroland Media, we have a diversified community media business that is 
widely  recognized  as  one  of  North  America’s  top  performers.  Metroland  now 
has two daily papers, more than 100 community newspapers across Ontario, 
numerous  digital  operations,  a  very  large  and  successful  flyer  distribution 
network, magazines and consumer shows. At Metroland, segmented adjusted 
EBITDA  in  2016  was  $42.5  million,  down  $7.0  million  from  prior  year,  and 
segmented  revenue  was  down  8.8%  to  $407.6  million.  Metroland  remains 
focused on development of multi-platform solutions for its local customer base.  
In the very important flyer distribution category, which represents approximately 
one-third of Metroland’s revenue base, revenues were down a more modest 3.8%.

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We are also pleased our newspapers and digital businesses continued to be 
recognized for outstanding editorial, advertising and marketing efforts.

print and digital media and marketing solutions organization of the future, 
with particular emphasis on growing the local revenue base across platforms.

Metroland community newspapers won an impressive 177 provincial, national 
and  international  awards  in  2016  for  editorial,  advertising  and  promotions 
excellence. It won 42 Local Media Association awards, the fourth straight year 
that  Metroland  topped  all  newspaper  companies  in  North  America  in  this 
important award contest. As well, The Hamilton Spectator’s Jon Wells won a 
prestigious  National  Newspaper  Award  in  the  explanatory  work  category  for 
his  feature  on  McMaster  University’s  anatomy  lab  entitled  “Body  and  Soul.” 
Metroland  publications  also  won  35  awards  from  the  Canadian  Community 
Newspaper Association and 99 awards from the Ontario Community Newspaper 
Association. Such honours are recognition of the team effort made by Metroland 
employees  to  maintain  and  grow  its  leadership  position  in  the  community 
newspaper industry.  A team from the Toronto Star captured the top prize at 
the National Newspaper Awards, winning the Project of the Year category for an 
investigation into missing and murdered indigenous women in Canada entitled 
“Gone.” Reporters David Bruser, Jim Rankin, Joanna Smith, Tanya Talaga and 
Jennifer Wells, along with data analyst Andrew Bailey, dug into the disturbing 
trend of women who have disappeared in their communities. 

The Digital Ventures segment, which was created in 2015, became a significant 
contributor  in  2016  with  segmented  adjusted  EBITDA  of  $27.3  million,  up 
$15.6 million compared to prior year. The results benefited from the full-year 
inclusion  of  VerticalScope  in  2016  and  growth  at  VerticalScope.  Segmented 
adjusted  EBITDA  for  VerticalScope  alone  was  $23.7  million,  up  20%  versus 
prior year. With its community-based audiences in desirable verticals, results 
are benefitting from both increasing higher-yield direct sales and continuing to 
build their programmatic revenue base.

This is my last message to shareholders after serving as Torstar’s President and 
Chief Executive Officer since 2009. In July, 2016, I announced my intention to 
retire and assist with the transition to my successor. On March 3, 2017, I am 
officially  retiring  and  Torstar  announced  that  John  Boynton  will  be  the  new 
President and Chief Executive Officer of Torstar and Publisher of the Toronto Star.

His  experience  and  sales  and  marketing  acumen  will  be  great  assets  in  his 
new role. I wish him the very best in leading the many dedicated employees of 
Torstar in the continued evolution of the company.

OUR GREATEST STRENGTH – PEOPLE

We have many strengths across our operations, but no strength is greater or 
more critical than the talented, committed and passionate people at all levels 
of  our  company.  They  continue  to  weather  the  challenge  and  seek  out  the 
opportunities ahead with great energy and distinction.  

Guiding these employees is a very talented executive team, including Ian Oliver 
at Metroland Media, Chris Goodridge at Digital Ventures, and in the Corporate 
office  Lorenzo  DeMarchi,  our  Executive  Vice-President  and  Chief  Financial 
Officer. We also benefit greatly from the leadership of Rob Laidlaw, the founder 
and CEO at VerticalScope.  

Ian  Oliver  is  an  outstanding  community  newspaper  leader  who  consistently 
draws on his long experience to champion the innovation needed to succeed in 
the long run in this highly competitive space.

Torstar also has minority investments in associated businesses, including an 
approximate 18-per-cent interest in Blue Ant Media Inc., an independent media 
company led by media veteran Michael MacMillan. We were pleased with Blue 
Ant’s progress in 2016 and remain confident in the company as it focuses on 
global growth opportunities.

Chris Goodridge is a forward-thinking, very talented executive at the forefront of 
Torstar’s efforts to orient to its more digital future through both his oversight of 
our increasingly important Digital Ventures segment and his leadership of digital 
efforts within Star Media Group.

In addition, Torstar has a minority investment in Black Press, a company led 
by David Black that publishes more than 150 newspapers, including weeklies, 
dailies and shoppers in Canada and the U.S.

LOOKING FORWARD AND SUCCESSION

We are embracing the multi-platform media environment in which we operate.  
We are striving to adapt and are demonstrating our willingness to take bold but 
measured steps to enhance value over the long term for Torstar as a whole.

We are focused on our strategic priorities:

•  Achieving further digital evolution of our asset base through reinvestment in 

and support of VerticalScope’s growth;

•  Continuing to build digital capabilities and grow digital revenue within our 

wholly-owned operations;

•  Continuing to optimize print revenues and reduce costs;

•  Across  our  media  operations,  increasingly  focusing  on  the  unique 
characteristics of our various audiences to generate revenue opportunity;  

•  Continuing to exploit Metro’s unique strengths to build value in the franchise;

•  Successfully  evolving  Metroland  Media  Group  into  the  community-focused 

I have benefited greatly from relying on their efforts.

We are also very fortunate to be partnered with Rob Laidlaw, one of Canada’s 
most  successful  leading  digital  entrepreneurs,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  of 
VerticalScope.

In the corporate office, I am very grateful to Lorenzo DeMarchi who has provided 
much wise counsel as my partner as we have navigated the organization through 
this turbulent period.

I have also been very fortunate to have benefited from the support and wise 
counsel of John Honderich, our Chair, and all the members of the Board of 
Directors throughout my eight-year tenure.  

It has been both a privilege and an honour to have worked at Torstar for 31 
years, most recently as President and Chief Executive Officer. The company has 
many strengths and I believe it will successfully transition through this period. 
We have made some tough choices in recent years. I have no doubt there will 
be difficult choices ahead.  The great news is that we are positioned to make 
the right choices that are in the long-term interests of the company.

I wish my successor and the Board great wisdom in making the choices ahead.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      4

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      5

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      6

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      7

TA B L E   O F   C O N T E N T S

Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Management’s Statement of Responsibility 

Independent Auditors’ Report to Shareholders 

Consolidated Financial Statements  

Board of Directors 

Corporate Information 

 9

 52

 53

 54

 108

 111

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      6

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      8

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      9

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

For the year ended December 31, 2016  
The following management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of Torstar Corporation’s (“Torstar”, "we", "our" or the “Company") operations 
and financial position is supplementary to, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of 
Torstar Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Consolidated Financial Statements”).

We report our financial results under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as set out in the CPA Canada Standards and 
Guidance  Collection. All  financial  information  contained  in  this  MD&A  and  in  the  2016  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  has  been 
prepared in accordance with IFRS, except for certain “Non-IFRS Measures” as described in Section 14 of this MD&A. Per share amounts 
are calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the applicable period. In addition, during 2016, we reclassified 
the manner in which certain items are categorized including the exclusion of share based compensation from our definition of adjusted 
EBITDA. The results for 2015 have been restated on a comparative basis to reflect these and other classification changes.

This MD&A is dated February 28, 2017 and all amounts are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted. 

Additional information relating to Torstar, including our Annual Information Form, is available on our website at www.torstar.com and on 
SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

Forward-looking statements 
Certain statements in this MD&A and in the Company’s oral and written public communications may constitute forward-looking statements 
that  reflect  management’s  expectations  regarding  the  Company’s  future  growth,  financial  performance  and  business  prospects  and 
opportunities as of the date of this MD&A. Generally, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking 
terminology  such  as  “anticipate”,  “believe”,  “plan”,  “forecast”,  “expect”,  “estimate”,  “intend”,  “would”,  “could”,  “if”,  “may”  and  similar 
expressions. This MD&A includes, among others, forward-looking statements regarding estimates and expectations relating to contingent 
liabilities and impairment of assets in Section 3 of this MD&A, estimates and expectations relating to contingent liabilities in Section 4 of 
the MD&A, Torstar's expectations regarding expected savings including savings from restructuring initiatives in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of 
this MD&A, Torstar's outlook for 2017 including anticipated revenue trends and adjusted EBITDA, expected costs related to Toronto Star 
Touch, pension plan funding obligations and expenses, anticipated capital expenditures and non-cash amortization charges in Section 
5 of this MD&A, expectations regarding cash flows and forecasted cash requirements, the potential impact of the Ontario Government's 
solvency funding review, expected pension plan funding requirements and timing and amount of digital media tax credits in Section 6 of 
this MD&A, expectations regarding the costs, obligations, contributions, return on plan assets, discount rates, required funding, other 
expectations related to employee future benefit obligations and the potential impact of the Ontario Government's solvency funding review 
in Section 8 of this MD&A, expectations described in connection with critical accounting policies and estimates and judgements in Section 
9 of this MD&A, expectations regarding recent accounting pronouncements in Section 10 of this MD&A and expectations regarding risks 
and uncertainties in Section 16 of this MD&A. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of applicable 
Canadian securities legislation. These statements reflect current expectations of management regarding future events and operating 
performance, and speak only as of the date of this MD&A. In addition, forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of providing 
information  about  management’s current expectations  and  plans  relating  to  the future.  Readers  are  cautioned  that  reliance  on such 
information may not be appropriate for other purposes.

By  their  very  nature,  forward-looking  statements  require  management  to  make  assumptions  and  are  subject  to  inherent  risks  and 
uncertainties.  There  is  a  significant  risk  that  predictions,  forecasts,  conclusions  or  projections  will  not  prove  to  be  accurate,  that 
management’s assumptions may not be accurate and that actual results, performance or achievements may differ significantly from such 
predictions, forecasts, conclusions or projections expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to 
place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this MD&A as a number of factors could cause actual future results, conditions, 
actions or events to differ materially from the targets, outlooks, expectations, goals, estimates or intentions expressed in the forward-
looking statements.

These factors include, but are not limited to:
-the Company’s ability to operate in highly competitive industries;
-the Company’s ability to compete with digital media, other newspapers and other forms of media;
-the Company’s ability to respond to the shift to digital media and the shift by advertisers to other digital platforms;
-the Company’s ability to attract, grow and retain its digital audience and profitably develop its digital platforms;
-the Company’s ability to attract and retain advertisers;
-the Company’s ability to maintain adequate circulation/subscription levels;
-the Company’s ability to attract and retain readers and traffic;
-the Company’s ability to integrate the technology associated with new digital platforms;
-general economic conditions and customer prospects in the principal markets in which the Company operates;
-the Company’s ability to reduce costs;
-loss of reputation;
-dependence on third party suppliers and service providers;
-reliance on technology and information systems and risks of security breaches;
-changes in employee future benefit obligations;

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   9

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

-the Company’s ability to execute appropriate strategic growth initiatives including acquisitions;
-unexpected costs or liabilities related to acquisitions and dispositions;
-investments in other businesses;
-labour disruptions;
-reliance on printing operations;
-newsprint costs;
-litigation;
-privacy, anti-spam, communications, e-commerce and environmental laws, health and safety regulations and other laws and regulations 
applicable generally to the Company’s businesses;
-foreign exchange fluctuations and foreign operations;
-availability of insurance;
-dependence on key personnel;
-intellectual property rights;
-credit risk;
-availability of capital and restrictions imposed by credit facilities;
-income tax and other taxes;
-dividend policy;
-results of impairment tests and uncertainties associated with critical accounting estimates
-holding company structure; and
-control of the Company by the Voting Trust.

Torstar cautions that the foregoing list is not exhaustive of all possible factors, as other factors could adversely affect Torstar’s results. In 
addition, a number of assumptions, including those assumptions specifically identified throughout this MD&A, were applied in making the 
forward-looking statements set forth in this MD&A which the Company believes are reasonable as of the date of this MD&A. Some of the 
key assumptions include, without limitation, assumptions regarding the performance of the North American economies; tax laws; continued 
availability of printing operations; availability of financing on appropriate terms; exchange rates; market competition; rates of return and 
discount rates relating to pension expense and pension plan obligations; expected future revenues; expected future liabilities; expected 
future cash flows and discount rates relating to valuation of goodwill and intangible assets; and successful development and launch of 
new products. There is a risk that some or all of these assumptions may prove to be incorrect. There is no assurance regarding the 
amount and timing of future dividends. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to the Company 
and its securities, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. The 
Company does not intend, and disclaims any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, or whether 
as a result of new information or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   10

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Section

Page

Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Contents

12

13

14

22

27

28

30

30

32

35

36

37

38

38

41

41

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Overview and Strategic Initiatives

A summary of our business and strategic initiatives

Highlights

Highlights for 2016 compared to 2015

Annual Operating Results

A discussion of our operating results for 2016 and 2015

Fourth Quarter Operating Results

A discussion of our fourth quarter operating results

Outlook

The outlook for our business in 2017

Liquidity and Capital Resources

A discussion of our cash flow, liquidity, credit facilities and other disclosures

Financial Instruments

A summary of our financial instruments

Employee Benefit Obligations

A summary of our employee benefit obligations

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

A description of accounting estimates and judgements that are critical to determining our
financial results, and changes to accounting policies

10 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recent IFRS developments that will affect our business

11 Controls and Procedures
12 Selected Annual Information

A discussion of our disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting

A summary of selected annual financial information for 2016, 2015 and 2014

13 Summary of Quarterly Results

A summary view of our quarterly financial performance

14

Reconciliation and Definition of Non-IFRS Measures

A description and reconciliation of certain non-IFRS and additional IFRS measures used by
management

15 Enterprise Risk Management

Enterprise risks and uncertainties Torstar is facing and how we manage these risks

16 Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and uncertainties facing our business

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   11

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

1. Overview and Strategic Initiatives 
A summary of our business and strategic initiatives 

Torstar is a broadly based Canadian media company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (Symbol:TS.B). Torstar has 
three reportable operating segments: Metroland Media Group (“MMG”), Star Media Group (“SMG”) and Digital Ventures. 

Metroland Media Group includes The Hamilton Spectator and the Waterloo Region Record daily newspapers and more 
than 100 weekly community newspapers, digital properties (including homefinder.ca, save.ca, travelalerts.ca, wagjag.com 
(“WagJag”) and the regional online sites, such as durhamregion.ca) and flyer distribution operations.  Metroland Media 
Group also has a number of specialty publications, directories and consumer shows.

Star Media Group includes the daily Toronto Star newspaper, Toronto Star Touch and thestar.com. Star Media Group also 
includes Free Daily News Group Inc. (“Metro”), which publishes the English-language Metro free daily newspapers in several 
of Canada’s largest cities, and through a joint venture arrangement, Star Media Group owns an interest in the Chinese-
language Sing Tao Daily and its related publications in Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary. Star Media Group also includes 
wheels.ca, toronto.com and other specialty publications and magazines and distribution services and our interest in Olive 
Media. Olive Media ceased operations effective January 1, 2016.

Digital Ventures includes our 56% interest in VerticalScope, eyeReturn Marketing Inc. (“eyeReturn”) and our joint venture 
interest in Workopolis.  Our investment in VerticalScope is classified as an associated business rather than a consolidated 
subsidiary or joint venture as a result of certain terms in the applicable shareholders’ agreement. VerticalScope is a Toronto-
based vertically focused digital media company with expertise in programmatic advertising and which has approximately 
170 employees and services the North American market through its network of user forums and premium content sites 
offering advertisers access to large audiences in popular verticals including automotive, powersports, outdoors, home and 
health.

We also have several other investments in Associated Businesses, which at December 31, 2016 included a 19% equity 
investment in Black Press Ltd. (“Black Press”), an 18% equity investment in Blue Ant Media Inc. (“Blue Ant”) and a 33%
equity investment in Canadian Press Enterprises Inc. (“Canadian Press”). We also had a 15% equity investment in Shop.ca 
Network Inc. (“Shop.ca”) until its bankruptcy in the third quarter of 2016.  

Blue Ant is a media company founded in 2011 that creates and distributes video content across a range of traditional and 
new media platforms in categories such as Outdoor Life, Nature and Science, Style and Do-It-Yourself ("DIY"), Music and 
Gaming. 

Black Press is a privately held company that publishes more than 150 titles in print and online in Canada and the U.S. and 
has operations in British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, California, Hawaii and Ohio. 

Canadian Press operates The Canadian Press news agency.

Competitive Landscape and Strategic Initiatives 
Over the last several years, the media landscape, and the newspaper industry in particular, has continued to experience 
significant changes. These changes include an increasing percentage of consumer time spent with new digital and mobile 
platforms and fragmentation of audiences across an increasing array of digital media options which has resulted in a structural 
shift in advertising spending from various traditional media, including newspapers, to digital media as well as a significant 
increase in the availability of advertising impressions on digital platforms. Having made a significant investment in a high 
growth digital business opportunity in VerticalScope, we are continuing to transform Torstar's asset base.  While the landscape 
is  evolving  quickly, we  remain  committed  to maintaining  a strong  financial  foundation  and we  are  embracing  the  multi-
platform environment in which we operate and we are striving to adapt and strengthen our position, across our asset base, 
through the following strategic initiatives:

•  Continuing to advance digitally across our businesses;
•  Continuing to optimize print revenues and reduce costs, while investing and delivering in those areas of highest value 

to our print customers;

•  Continuing to evolve the Metro publications across Canada; 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   12

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

•  Successfully evolving Metroland Media Group into the community focused print and digital media and marketing solutions 

organization of the future by building on the foundation of tight connections with our local communities; and
•  Achieve further digital evolution of our asset base through both organic and acquisition growth at VerticalScope.

2. Highlights 
Highlights for 2016 compared to 2015 

(in $000’s, except per share amounts)

2016

2015

Favourable
(Unfavourable)

Net loss from continuing operations

Per Share

Net loss attributable to equity shareholders

Per Share (Basic)

Adjusted loss Per Share2

Operating loss1,2

Adjusted EBITDA1,2

($76,036)

($0.94)

(74,750)

($0.93)

($0.46)

(118,507)

60,478

Revenues1,2
761,697
1 Includes proportionately consolidated share of joint ventures and VerticalScope's operations. 
2These are Non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, refer to Section 14 of this MD&A. 

Highlights:

($399,837)

($4.96)

$323,801

$4.02

(403,966)

($5.02)

($0.10)

(403,079)

69,296

843,640

329,216

$4.09

($0.36)

284,572

(8,818)

(81,943)

• 

In  July  2016,  printing  of  The  Toronto  Star  was  successfully  transitioned  to  Transcontinental  Printing 
("Transcontinental") and in September 2016, we sold the Vaughan Printing Facility and surrounding lands for net 
proceeds of $53.6 million recognizing a gain of $21.8 million on the sale. 

•  During 2016, $22.8 million of restricted cash was released from the Harlequin escrow.  We ended 2016 with $75.4 
million of cash and cash equivalents as well as $11.8 million of restricted cash; Torstar has no bank indebtedness.

•  Our net loss from continuing operations was $76.0 million ($0.94 per share) in 2016 and $399.8 million ($4.96 per 
share) in 2015. Our net loss in 2016 included $122.0 million of non-cash amortization and depreciation, $74.8 million 
of which related to our investment in VerticalScope, and $7.5 million of non-cash impairment charges. Our net loss 
in 2015 included $361.1 million of non-cash impairment charges and $77.5 million of non-cash amortization and 
depreciation. 

•  Our net loss attributable to equity shareholders was $74.8 million ($0.93 per share) in 2016 compared to net loss

attributable to equity shareholders of $404.0 million ($5.02 per share) in 2015. 

•  Adjusted loss per share was $0.46 in 2016, up $0.36 from adjusted loss per share of $0.10 in 2015. Adjusted loss 

per share included a $0.55 per share effect of amortization and depreciation.

•  Our segmented adjusted EBITDA was $60.5 million in 2016, down $8.8 million from $69.3 million in 2015 including 
the negative impact of the loss of $7.6 million in contribution from commercial printing and the closure of Olive 
Media, the absence of $7.1 million of digital media tax credits recorded in 2015 and the impact of revenue declines. 
These negative factors were partially offset by $34.5 million of net savings from restructuring initiatives, other cost 
reductions,  $3.6  million  of  lower  net  investment  in  Toronto  Star  Touch  (including  $1.2  million  of  savings  from 
restructuring) and $14.4 million of additional adjusted EBITDA from our investment in VerticalScope. Digital ventures 
adjusted  EBITDA  represented  approximately  45%  of  total  segmented  adjusted  EBITDA  in  2016,  up  from 
approximately 17% in 2015 and largely due to our investment in VerticalScope in July of 2015. In the first full year 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   13

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

of our investment, VerticalScope's U.S. dollar revenues and adjusted EBITDA increased approximately 21% and 
20% respectively, relative to the full year in 2015.

•  Segmented revenue was $761.7 million in 2016, down $81.9 million (9.7%) from $843.6 million in 2015.  

The following chart provides a continuity of earnings per share from the year ended December 31, 2015 to the year ended 
December 31, 2016:

Loss per share from continuing operations attributable to equity shareholders in 2015

Earnings (Loss) Per 
Share

Adjusted Earnings
(Loss) Per Share **

($4.96)

($0.10)

Changes

•    Adjusted EBITDA *

•    Amortization and depreciation *

•    Operating earnings (loss) *

•    Restructuring and other charges*

•    Impairment of assets*

•    Operating loss *

•    Interest and financing costs

•    Non-cash foreign exchange

•    Income from associated businesses (excluding VerticalScope)

•    Other income

•    Change in deferred taxes (including associated businesses)

Loss per share attributable to equity shareholders in 2016 from continuing operations

Earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to equity shareholders
in 2016

Loss per share attributable to equity shareholders in 2016

(0.11)

(0.55)

(5.62)

(0.19)

4.39

(1.42)

(0.01)

0.02

0.12

0.33

0.02

($0.94)

$0.01

($0.93)

(0.11)

(0.55)

(0.76)

(0.76)

(0.01)

0.12

0.19

($0.46)

($0.46)

*Includes proportionately consolidated share of joint ventures and VerticalScope's operations. These are Non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, refer to 
Section 14 of this MD&A. 
**Refer to Section 14 for a reconciliation of earnings (loss) per share to adjusted earnings (loss) per share and a definition of adjusted earnings (loss) per 
share. 

3. Annual Operating Results 
A discussion of our operating results for 2016 and 2015 

Unless  otherwise  noted,  the  following  is  a  discussion  of  our  2016  operating  results  relative  to  2015.  We  have  three 
reportable  operating  segments  for  segment  reporting  purposes:  MMG,  SMG  and  Digital  Ventures. As  a  result  of  the 
increasing significance of segmented financial results from our investment in VerticalScope relative to our total segmented 
financial results, during 2016 we revised our definition of adjusted EBITDA to exclude share based compensation.  We 
made this change because of the relative significance and variability of this non-cash expense in our proportionate share 
of VerticalScope's financial results and we believe that the exclusion of this non-cash expense from adjusted EBITDA 
provides greater insight for investors, analysts and readers, in regards to our segmented earnings excluding non-cash 
expenses. Refer to Section 14 for more information.  In addition, the paywall at thestar.com was eliminated effective April 
1, 2015.  Revenues associated with the paywall were not material and have been excluded from the prior period for 
comparison purposes in the discussions of digital and subscriber revenues below.

Relevant comparative information has been restated to reflect these changes.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   14

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Overall Performance
As  noted  above,  we  have  three  reportable  operating  segments  to  which  Corporate  costs  have  not  been 
allocated. Management of the segments are accountable for the revenues, adjusted EBITDA, operating earnings and 
operating profit of the segments including our proportionate share of joint venture operations as well as our 56% interest 
in VerticalScope.   When reported in the consolidated statement of income, joint ventures and our 56% investment in 
VerticalScope (which, pursuant to certain terms in the shareholders agreement, is classified as an Associated Business 
rather than a consolidated subsidiary or joint venture), are accounted for using the equity method.  The net income is 
included in “Income (loss) from joint ventures” and “Income (loss) from associated businesses”, as applicable. We own 
a significantly higher percentage of VerticalScope relative to our other Associated Businesses.

The following tables set out our segmented results which include our proportionate share of results from VerticalScope 
and our joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and provide a reconciliation to 
the consolidated statement of income.

(in $000’s)

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Adjusted EBITDA**

Amortization & depreciation

Share based compensation

Operating earnings (loss)**

Impairment of assets

Operating profit (loss)**

Loss from continuing operations

Income from discontinued
operations

Net loss

2016

MMG

SMG

Digital
Ventures

Corporate

Total
Segmented*

Adjustments
&
Eliminations1 

Total Per
Consolidated
Statement of
Income

$407,646

$280,070

$73,981

(188,175)

(176,942)

42,529

(14,382)

(528)

27,619

(104,859)

(174,468)

743

(27,934)

(268)

(27,459)

(21,361)

(25,352)

27,268

(79,642)

(1,128)

(53,502)

(262)

(6,700)

($7,448)

(2,614)

(10,062)

(66)

(630)

(10,758)

(610)

$761,697

(321,843)

(379,376)

60,478

(122,024)

(2,554)

(64,100)

(46,907)

(7,500)

($76,598)

22,528

23,184

(30,886)

78,004

2,554

49,672

1,084

6,700

$13,315

($59,990)

($60,464)

($11,368)

($118,507)

$57,456

$685,099

(299,315)

(356,192)

29,592

(44,020)

—

(14,428)

(45,823)

(800)

($61,051)

($76,036)

$1,200

($74,836)

Restructuring and other charges

(13,504)

(32,531)

(800)

2015

(in $000’s)

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Adjusted EBITDA**

Amortization & depreciation

Share based compensation

Operating earnings (loss)**

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets

MMG

SMG

Digital
Ventures

Corporate

Total
Segmented*

$447,064

$343,555

$53,021

(207,831)

(189,755)

49,478

(14,055)

(600)

34,823

(19,777)

(265,936)

(126,148)

(198,057)

19,350

(14,991)

(944)

3,415

(10,634)

(79,145)

(18,118)

(23,160)

11,743

(48,428)

(749)

($8,864)

(2,411)

(11,275)

(37)

(180)

(37,434)

(11,492)

(899)

(16,000)

$843,640

(360,961)

(413,383)

69,296

(77,511)

(2,473)

(10,688)

(31,310)

(361,081)

Operating profit (loss)**

($250,890)

($86,364)

($54,333)

($11,492)

($403,079)

Loss from continuing operations

Loss from discontinued operations

Net loss

1 

Reflects eliminations of our proportionate share of joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope 

*Includes our proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations and VerticalScope
**These are non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, refer to Section 14 of this MD&A

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   15

Adjustments
&
Eliminations1 

Total Per
Consolidated
Statement of
Income

($57,009)

19,137

19,988

(17,884)

47,334

2,473

31,923

1,087

16,000

$49,010

$786,631

(341,824)

(393,395)

51,412

(30,177)

—

21,235

(30,223)

(345,081)

($354,069)

($399,837)

($5,000)

($404,837)

 
TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Revenue
Segmented revenue was down $81.9 million or 9.7% with revenues negatively impacted by several factors including the 
absence of $14.6 million of net revenue associated with the closure of Olive Media at the end of 2015 and the absence 
of $8.9 million of commercial printing revenue at the Vaughan Printing Facility.  These negative factors were partially offset 
by increased revenue of $24.9 million from VerticalScope, $20.0 million of which was the result of including a full year of 
revenue in 2016, relative to a partial year in 2015 and $4.9 million or 29% of year over year comparable period revenue 
growth at VerticalScope. Adjusting for the non-recurring factors, segmented revenue was down $78.8 million or 9.3% in 
2016. 

Revenue excluding our proportionate share of revenue from joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope (“operating 
revenue”) was down $101.5 million or 13%. Adjusting for the above noted factors, operating revenue was down $78.4 
million or 10.0%.

Segmented revenue in 2016 reflected declines of 15% in print advertising revenues, with particular softness in national 
advertising revenues, a 6.8% decrease in subscriber revenue, approximately 1% of which was due to the closure of the 
Guelph Mercury, and a 5.1% decrease in distribution revenues. 

Excluding the impact of Olive Media, digital revenue across all segments increased 18% in 2016, largely resulting from 
our  investment  in  VerticalScope  as  well  as  revenues  from  Toronto  Star  Touch  and  continued  growth  in  local  digital 
advertising within the community websites at Metroland Media Group.  These revenue increases were partially offset by 
lower revenues at Workopolis and WagJag. Digital revenues were 18% of total segment revenues in 2016 compared to 
15% in 2015. 

The following charts provide a breakdown of total segmented operating revenue for 2016 and 2015 ($ in millions):

Year ended 
 December 31, 2016

Print advertising

Digital advertising

Distribution

Subscriber

Other

Total

Year ended 
 December 31, 2015

Print advertising

Digital advertising

Distribution

Subscriber

Other

Total

MMG

SMG

$

$174.0

36.4

131.2

25.9

40.1

%

43%

9%

32%

6%

10%

$

$148.5

22.7

7.9

94.2

6.7

%

53%

8%

3%

34%

2%

Digital Ventures

$

%

$74.0

100%

Total

$

$322.5

133.1

139.1

120.1

46.8

%

42%

18%

18%

16%

6%

$407.6

100%

$280.1

100%

$74.0

100%

$761.7

100%

MMG

SMG

$

$200.3

37.7

136.5

28.4

44.2

%

45%

8%

31%

6%

10%

$

$180.8

35.2

10.1

100.5

17.0

%

53%

10%

3%

29%

5%

Digital Ventures

$

%

$53.0

100%

Total

$

$381.1

125.9

146.5

128.9

61.2

%

45%

15%

17%

15%

7%

$447.1

100%

$343.6

100%

$53.0

100%

$843.6

100%

Salaries and benefits
Our segmented salaries and benefits costs were down $39.2 million or 11% in 2016 including the absence of $7.1 million 
of digital media tax credits recorded in 2015. Segmented salaries and benefit costs in 2016 reflected the benefit of savings 
from restructuring initiatives, including the closure of the Vaughan Printing Facility and lower commission costs partially 
offset by the inclusion of our proportionate share of salaries and benefit costs of VerticalScope and higher staffing costs 
associated with Toronto Star Touch. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   16

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Other operating costs
Segmented  other  operating  costs  primarily  consist  of  circulation/flyer  distribution  costs,  newsprint  costs  and  other 
production costs which represented 40%, 12% and 12% respectively of segmented other operating costs in 2016. 
Segmented other operating costs were down $34.0 million (8.2%) as a result of lower print volumes and the impact of 
other cost reductions partially offset by fees associated with outsourcing the printing of the Toronto Star effective July 
2016, as well as increased costs related to our proportionate share of VerticalScope’s other operating costs.

Adjusted EBITDA
Our segmented adjusted EBITDA was $60.5 million in 2016, down $8.8 million from 2015 including the negative impact 
of the loss of $7.6 million in contribution from commercial printing and the closure of Olive Media, the absence of $7.1 
million of digital media tax credits recorded in 2015 and the impact of revenue declines. These negative factors were 
partially offset by $34.5 million of net savings from restructuring initiatives, other cost reductions, $3.6 million of lower net 
investment in Toronto Star Touch (including $1.2 million of savings from restructuring) and $14.4 million of additional 
adjusted EBITDA from our investment in VerticalScope. 

Amortization and depreciation
Total segmented amortization and depreciation increased $44.5 million in 2016, which included an increase of $30.5 
million associated with our investment in VerticalScope on July 28, 2015 as well as $9.3 million of accelerated amortization 
of equipment related to the transition of printing of the Toronto Star effective July 3, 2016.

Operating earnings (loss)
Segmented operating loss was $64.1 million in 2016, compared to a segmented operating loss of $10.7 million in 2015. 
The  loss  in  2016  included  the  impact  of  $74.8  million  of  amortization  expense  associated  with  our  investment  in 
VerticalScope (2015 - $44.3 million) as well as the above mentioned accelerated amortization of equipment related to the 
transition of printing of the Toronto Star.  

Restructuring and other charges
Total segmented restructuring and other charges were $46.9 million in 2016 and largely related to ongoing efforts to reduce 
costs including a charge of $20.0 million for severance and facility related expenses in respect of our decision to outsource 
printing  of  the  Toronto  Star.  The  2016  restructuring  initiatives  are  expected  to  result  in  annualized  net  savings  of 
approximately $36.5 million and a reduction of approximately 590 positions. Of the expected savings, $19.9 million was 
realized in 2016. Total segmented restructuring and other charges of $31.3 million were recorded in 2015. 

Over the last few years we have undertaken several restructuring initiatives in order to reduce our ongoing operating 
costs.  At December 31, 2016, our liability for payments in respect of these restructuring initiatives was $37.1 million. The 
following chart provides a year-over-year summary of the realized and expected net savings by year:

(in $000’s)

Realized net savings in:
2015

2016

Expected net savings in:
2017

Annualized net savings

Year of Initiative

2014

2015

2016

Total

$9,700

2,600

2,500

$14,800

$10,000
13,200

100

$23,300

$19,900

16,600

$36,500

$19,700

35,700

19,200
$74,600

Impairment of assets 
During 2016, we incurred non-cash charges related to asset impairment of our intangible assets and investments in joint 
ventures  totalling  $7.5  million.  During  2015,  we  incurred  charges  related  to  asset  impairment  of  property,  plant  and 
equipment, goodwill and investments in joint ventures totalling $361.1 million.  These charges have no impact on cash 
flows.

In carrying out our impairment testing during the fourth quarter of 2016, we determined that the carrying amount of our 
joint venture investment in Workopolis exceeded the value in use ("VIU") and we recorded an impairment charge of $6.7 
million in respect of this investment as a result of a further downward revision in longer term forecasted revenues reflecting 
continued increased competition in the online recruitment and job search markets as well as prevailing economic conditions.  
We also recorded a $16.0 million impairment charge in respect of our joint venture investment in Workopolis during 2015 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   17

 
 
TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

reflecting the above noted factors.  Also, during the fourth quarter of 2016, following lower than forecasted performance 
in one of our digital Cash Generating Units ("CGUs") at Metroland Media Group in the quarter, we recorded an impairment 
charge of $0.8 million in respect of intangible assets within this CGU.  

During the third quarters of 2016 and 2015, we conducted impairment tests on the carrying value of intangible assets and 
goodwill. While no impairments of these assets were identified during our 2016 testing, in carrying out this testing in 2015, 
we determined that the carrying amount of goodwill in the Metroland Media Group of CGUs exceeded the VIU and we 
recorded an impairment charge of $135.0 million for goodwill and a charge of $0.4 million for intangible assets in the 
Metroland Media Group of CGUs. This impairment was the result of lower revenue projections reflecting current economic 
conditions coupled with lower forecasted longer term revenues resulting from continued shifts in spending by advertisers.  

In addition, in connection with our impairment test on December 31, 2015, we determined that the carrying amount of 
goodwill in the Metroland Media Group of CGUs and the Star Media Group of CGUs exceeded their fair value less cost 
to sell ("FVLCS") and accordingly, we recorded impairment charges of $130.6 million in respect of goodwill in the Metroland 
Media Group of CGUs and $70.8 million in respect of goodwill and $8.0 million in respect of intangible assets in the Star 
Media Group of CGUs. Please refer to the discussion of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Section 9 of this 
MD&A for further discussion. 

Operating loss
In 2016, our segmented operating loss was $118.5 million compared to $403.1 million in 2015.  Our 2016 segmented 
operating loss included $122.0 million of non-cash amortization and depreciation and $7.5 million of non-cash impairment 
charges. Our 2015 segmented operating loss included $361.1 million of non-cash impairment charges and $77.5 million
of non-cash amortization and depreciation. 

Our operating loss excluding our proportionate share of operating profit (loss) from VerticalScope and our joint ventures 
operating profit (loss) decreased $293.0 million in 2016 compared to 2015. 

Interest and financing costs
Interest and financing costs increased $1.1 million in 2016 primarily reflecting lower interest earned on cash and cash 
equivalents. 

Loss from joint ventures
Loss from joint ventures was $5.5 million in 2016 and $14.2 million in 2015.  These losses primarily reflect non-cash 
impairment  charges  of  $6.7  million  recorded  in  2016  and  $16.0  million  recorded  in  2015  related  to  our  joint  venture 
investment in Workopolis, as discussed above.  Excluding the impact of these charges, income from joint ventures was 
$1.2 million in 2016 and $1.8 million in 2015 largely reflecting lower adjusted EBITDA at both Workopolis and Sing Tao 
as well as restructuring charges at Sing Tao.

Loss from associated businesses
Loss from associated businesses was $34.9 million in 2016 compared to a loss of $29.0 million in 2015.  The 2016 loss 
included income of $5.6 million from Black Press and $2.4 million from Blue Ant offset by a loss of $0.6 million from 
Shop.ca  and  a  loss  of  $42.2  million  from  VerticalScope. The  2016  loss  from  VerticalScope  included  $74.8  million  of 
amortization and depreciation expense.  The 2015 loss included income of $3.0 million from Black Press offset by a loss 
of $3.0 million from Shop.ca, a loss of $1.9 million from Blue Ant and a loss of $27.0 million from VerticalScope. The 2015 
loss from VerticalScope included $44.2 million of amortization and depreciation expense.

Our share of Black Press’ net income was $5.6 million in 2016 ($3.0 million in 2015), representing Black Press’ results 
through November 30, 2015. Black Press has a February fiscal year end and therefore does not have coterminous quarter-
ends with us.

Our share of Blue Ant's net income was $2.4 million in 2016 ($1.9 million loss in 2015) representing Blue Ant's results 
through November 30, 2016. Our equity interest in Blue Ant was 18% at the end of 2016 relative to 23% at the end of 
2015. Blue Ant has raised additional capital during calendar 2016 at a value approximately 40% higher than our weighted 
average cost per share. Blue Ant has an August fiscal year end and therefore does not have coterminous quarter-ends 
with us. 

Our share of the Shop.ca net loss was $0.6 million in 2016 which reduced the carrying value of our investment to nil. Our 
share of Shop.ca's net loss was $3.0 million in 2015. Shop.ca declared bankruptcy in 2016.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   18

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

We did not record any income or loss during 2016 or 2015 in respect of our investment in Canadian Press as the carrying 
value  had  previously  been  reduced  to  $nil.  We  will  begin  to  report  our  share  of  Canadian  Press’  results  once  the 
unrecognized losses, including Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) losses ($4.6 million as of December 31, 2016) have 
been offset by net income, OCI or additional investments are made.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company 
would have reported income of $0.3 million and other comprehensive loss of $1.8 million from Canadian Press (2015 – 
income of $0.5 million and OCI of $0.4 million).  

Investment in VerticalScope
In 2015, we acquired a 56% interest in VerticalScope.  Pursuant to certain terms in the shareholders agreement, the 
investment is accounted for as an associated business using the equity method, rather than a subsidiary or joint venture.  
The results of VerticalScope are reported as part of our Digital Ventures Segment in our segmented reporting.  

In connection with the investment in VerticalScope, and consistent with the general methodology VerticalScope uses 
when making its acquisitions, we allocated the difference between the fair value of the purchase price paid and the book 
value of the net assets of VerticalScope to customer relationships, technology, domain names, acquired content and 
goodwill.  The amortization periods for these intangible assets generally range from 5-10 years, with the exception of 
acquired content which, consistent with VerticalScope’s accounting policy, is amortized over one year.  Given the relatively 
large value allocated to acquired content (U.S. $60.6 million) and the one year amortization period associated with it, we 
have incurred large amortization charges related to these intangible assets through the end of July 2016.  

Our 56% share of VerticalScope's 2016 net loss included $74.8 million in respect of amortization and depreciation expense. 
This  included  amortization  of  fair  value  differences  of  intangible  assets  identified  when  we  made  our  investment  in 
VerticalScope as well as the amortization of fair value differences which VerticalScope has identified on acquisitions it 
has made subsequent to July 28, 2015. Amortization and depreciation has been very significant and has been the primary 
contributor to the decrease in the carrying value of our investment from approximately $180 million at the time of our 
investment (net of a distribution we received in the third quarter of 2015 and anticipated at the time of the investment) to 
$115 million at December 31, 2016. Further details of the operating results for this investment during 2016 are outlined 
in our discussion of the operating results for the Digital Ventures segment below. 

During 2016 VerticalScope generated U.S. $22.4 million of cash from operations and made acquisitions and investments 
totalling U.S. $15.7 million.  VerticalScope's debt, net of cash on hand, was U.S. $74.4 million at December 31, 2016
down U.S. $6.4 million from U.S. $80.8 million at December 31, 2015.

Other income (expense) 
Other income was $24.3 million in 2016 compared to other expenses of $1.8 million in 2015. Other income in 2016 included 
a gain of $21.8 million on the sale of the Vaughan Printing Facility and surrounding lands, a gain of $1.3 million on the 
sale of a real estate property in Guelph and an additional $1.3 million gain recognized on the sale of one of Metroland 
Media Group's real estate properties in Mississauga.

Income and other taxes
We recorded an income tax recovery of $3.9 million in 2016 and an income tax recovery of $2.3 million in 2015. The tax 
recovery in 2016 reflects deferred income tax assets not recognized, adjustment to deferred tax assets related to prior 
years and losses from associated businesses which are not deductible for tax purposes. The tax recovery in 2015 reflected 
the non-deductibility of non-cash impairment charges and losses from associated businesses for tax purposes.  

Net loss from continuing operations
Our net loss from continuing operations was $76.0 million ($0.94 per share) in 2016, compared to a loss of $399.8 million
($4.96 per share) in 2015.  Our loss in 2016 included $122.0 million of amortization and depreciation expense and $7.5 
million of non-cash impairment charges.  Our 2015 net loss included $361.1 million of non-cash impairment charges and 
$77.5 million of non-cash amortization and depreciation. 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
On August 1, 2014 Torstar sold all of the shares of Harlequin Enterprises Limited ("Harlequin") to a division of HarperCollins 
Publishers L.L.C., a subsidiary of News Corp., for a purchase price of $455.0 million, subject to certain adjustments for 
working capital and other related items. In connection with the sale of Harlequin, Torstar indemnified the Purchaser for 
costs and fees related to certain matters including certain tax and pre-existing litigation matters and estimated the exposure 
under these indemnities and recorded a contingent liability in respect of these matters. The gain of $1.2 million in 2016 
primarily reflects recoveries related to insurance reserves as well as revised estimates of provisions related to legal costs 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   19

 
  
TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

and taxes. The loss from discontinued operations of $5.0 million in 2015 also reflected revised estimates of provisions 
related to taxes and legal costs.

Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders
Our net loss attributable to equity shareholders was $74.8 million ($0.93 per share) in 2016 compared to net loss attributable 
to equity shareholders of $404.0 million ($5.02 per share) in 2015. 

Segment Operating Results – Metroland Media Group

Revenues
Metroland Media Group revenues were down $39.5 million or 8.8% in 2016.  In 2016, local advertising revenues, on a 
combined print and digital basis, which represents the largest portion of Metroland Media Group's advertising revenues, 
were down 9.1%.  Within the combined print and digital local advertising revenues, the real estate category was much 
weaker than the local retail category where declines were more moderate.  National advertising revenues, on a combined 
print and digital basis, which represents a less significant portion of Metroland Media Group's overall revenue, were down 
20% in 2016. Flyer distribution revenues which represented 32% of Metroland Media Group's total revenue in 2016, were 
down 3.8% in the year.  Digital revenues at Metroland Media Group in 2016 were comparable to 2015.

Salaries and benefits costs
Metroland Media Group’s salaries and benefits costs were down $19.6 million or 9.4% in 2016 as a result of cost savings 
from restructuring as well as lower commission costs. 

Other operating costs
Metroland Media Group’s other operating costs were down $12.9 million or 6.8% in 2016, as a result of lower circulation 
and lower flyer distribution costs, lower newsprint consumption and other cost reductions. 

Adjusted EBITDA
Metroland Media Group adjusted EBITDA was down $7.0 million in 2016 which primarily reflects the above noted revenue 
decline which was largely offset by the impact of $18.1 million in savings from restructuring initiatives as well as other 
cost reductions.

Operating profit (loss)
Metroland Media Group operating profit was $13.3 million in 2016, compared to operating loss of $250.9 million in 2015. 
Our  operating  profit  in  2016  included  $13.5  million  of  restructuring  and  other  charges  and  $0.8  million  of  non-cash 
impairment  charges.    Our  loss  in  2015  included  $265.9  million  of  non-cash  impairment  charges  and  $19.8  million  of 
restructuring and other charges. 

Segment Operating Results – Star Media Group

Revenues
Star Media Group revenues were down $63.5 million or 18% in 2016 which included the absence of revenue associated 
with the closures of Olive Media and the commercial printing operation at the Vaughan Printing Facility.  Adjusting for 
these items, Star Media Group segmented revenues were down $40.4 million (12%) in 2016, primarily reflecting lower 
print advertising revenues.  This decline was largely the result of pressures on national advertising at both the Toronto 
Star and Metro as well as retail advertising revenues at the Toronto Star. While regional revenue at Metro in Toronto 
continued to be under pressure in 2016, pressures on regional revenues in certain western markets were more moderate.  
In addition, subscriber revenues at the Toronto Star declined 5.2% in the 2016.  These declines were partially offset by 
revenue from Toronto Star Touch. 

Excluding the absence of revenue associated with the closure of Olive Media, Star Media Group’s digital revenues were 
up 6.1% in 2016 primarily due to incremental revenue from Toronto Star Touch. 

Salaries and benefits costs
Star Media Group’s salaries and benefits costs were down $21.2 million or 17% in 2016 including the absence of $7.1 
million of digital media tax credits recorded in 2015. The decrease in salary and benefit costs in 2016 reflected the benefit 
of savings from restructuring initiatives, including the closure of the Vaughan Printing Facility and lower pension costs 
partially offset by increased staffing costs associated with Toronto Star Touch. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   20

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Other operating costs
Star Media Group’s other operating costs were down $23.6 million or 12% in 2016 reflecting lower circulation and distribution 
costs, lower newsprint consumption and other cost reductions, including lower costs associated with Toronto Star Touch.  
These cost reductions were partially offset by incremental costs associated with outsourcing the printing of the Toronto 
Star effective July 2016. 

Adjusted EBITDA
Star Media Group adjusted EBITDA was $0.7 million in 2016, down $18.7 million from 2015. The decline in segment 
adjusted EBITDA in 2016 included the absence of $7.1 million of digital media tax credits; the loss of $7.6 million of 
contribution from the absence of commercial printing and the closure of Olive Media, as well as the impact of revenue 
declines, partially offset by $3.6 million of lower net investment in Toronto Star Touch and an incremental $14.8 million of 
net savings from restructuring initiatives, as well as other cost reductions.

Operating profit (loss)
Star Media Group operating loss was $60.0 million in 2016, which included $32.5 million of restructuring and other charges 
and $27.9 million of non-cash depreciation and amortization expense.  Star Media Group's operating loss reflected lower 
adjusted EBITDA and higher restructuring charges offset by lower impairment charges. Star Media Group operating loss 
was $86.4 million in 2015. 

Segment Operating Results – Digital Ventures

Revenues
Digital Ventures revenues were up $21.0 million or 40%, in 2016, including $24.9 million of additional revenue resulting 
from our investment in VerticalScope with $20.0 million resulting from a full year in 2016 relative to a partial year in 2015, 
and $4.9 million in year over year comparable period revenue growth.  VerticalScope's U.S. dollar revenue grew 21% in 
2016 relative to the full year in 2015 through a combination of organic revenue growth and growth from acquisitions.  Our 
proportionate share of VerticalScope's revenue in 2016 was $40.1 million. The increase in revenue in the Digital Ventures 
segment in 2016 also reflected lower revenues at Workopolis. 

Salaries and benefits costs
Digital Ventures’ salaries and benefits costs were up $3.3 million or 18% in 2016. The increase in 2016 included the impact 
of the inclusion of a full year of our proportionate share of VerticalScope's salaries and benefits costs. VerticalScope's 
U.S. dollar denominated salaries and benefits costs increased in 2016 relative to 2015 reflecting additional staffing required 
to support revenue growth. Salaries and benefits costs at eyeReturn and Workopolis were lower in 2016 and included 
the benefit of $1.6 million of savings from restructuring initiatives at Workopolis. 

Other operating costs
Digital Ventures' other operating costs were up $2.2 million or 9.5% in 2016 resulting from the inclusion of a full year of 
our proportionate share of VerticalScope's other operating costs, partially offset by lower costs at both Workopolis and 
eyeReturn.  VerticalScope's  U.S.  dollar  denominated  other  operating  costs  increased  in  2016  reflecting  growth  in  the 
underlying business. 

Adjusted EBITDA
Digital  Ventures'  adjusted  EBITDA  increased  by  $15.6  million  to  $27.3  million  in  2016  largely  due  to  $14.4  million  of 
additional adjusted EBITDA from VerticalScope.  Our results from VerticalScope included $10.4 million of adjusted EBITDA 
resulting from the inclusion of a full year of adjusted EBITDA in 2016 relative to a partial year in 2015 and $4.0 million 
which was the result of year over year comparable period growth.  VerticalScope's U.S. dollar adjusted EBITDA grew by 
20% in 2016, relative to the full year in 2015. Our proportionate share of VerticalScope's adjusted EBITDA was $23.7 
million in 2016.  Digital Ventures adjusted EBITDA in 2016 also reflected increased EBITDA at eyeReturn which was 
partially offset by lower adjusted EBITDA at Workopolis.

Operating loss
Digital Ventures' operating loss was $60.5 million in 2016, compared to an operating loss of $54.3 million in 2015, resulting 
from a $15.6 million improvement in adjusted EBITDA and a $9.3 million decrease in non-cash impairment charges which 
was entirely offset by $31.2 million of increased amortization and depreciation expense, (almost entirely related to the 
VerticalScope acquisition).

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   21

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

4. Fourth Quarter Operating Results 
A discussion of our fourth quarter operating results 

Unless otherwise noted, the following is a discussion of our fourth quarter 2016 operating results relative to the fourth 
quarter of 2015.  We have three reportable operating segments for segment reporting purposes: MMG, SMG and Digital 
Ventures. As a result of the increasing significance of segmented financial results from our investment in VerticalScope 
relative to our total segmented financial results, during 2016 we revised our definition of adjusted EBITDA to exclude 
share based compensation.  We made this change because of the relative significance and variability of this non-cash 
expense in our proportionate share of VerticalScope's financial results and we believe that the exclusion of this non-cash 
expense from adjusted EBITDA provides greater insight for investors, analysts and readers, in regards to our segmented 
earnings excluding non-cash expenses. Refer to Section 14 for more information. Relevant comparative information has 
been restated to reflect these changes.  

Overall Performance
The following tables set out our segmented results which include our proportionate share of results from VerticalScope 
and our joint ventures for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and provide a reconciliation 
to the consolidated statement of income.

Fourth Quarter 2016

MMG

$112,650

(49,152)

(46,569)

16,929

(4,485)

(123)

12,321

(2,558)

(800)

$8,963

SMG

$75,191

(21,750)

(45,099)

8,342

(2,361)

(84)

5,897

(1,418)

$4,479

Digital
Ventures

$20,828

(4,977)

(6,985)

8,866

(8,687)

(209)

(30)

16

(6,700)

($6,714)

(in $000’s)

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Adjusted EBITDA**

Amortization & depreciation

Share based compensation

Operating earnings (loss)**

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets

Operating profit (loss)**

Income from continuing operations

Income from discontinued
operations

Net income

Corporate

Total
Segmented*

Adjustments
&
Eliminations1 

Total Per
Consolidated
Statement of
Income

$208,669

($20,261)

$188,408

($1,760)

(466)

(2,226)

(30)

(502)

(2,758)

(480)

($3,238)

(77,639)

(99,119)

31,911

(15,563)

(918)

15,430

(4,440)

(7,500)

$3,490

4,798

5,661

(9,802)

8,214

918

(670)

742

6,700

$6,772

(72,841)

(93,458)

22,109

(7,349)

—

14,760

(3,698)

(800)

$10,262

$683

$400

$1,083

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   22

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

(in $000’s)

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Adjusted EBITDA**

Amortization & depreciation

Share based compensation

Operating earnings (loss)**

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets

MMG

$120,399

(52,629)

(49,345)

18,425

(3,624)

(148)

14,653

(3,958)

(130,569)

SMG

$92,890

(33,513)

(56,572)

2,805

(5,333)

(178)

(2,706)

(2,730)

(78,752)

Fourth Quarter 2015

Digital
Ventures

Corporate

Total
Segmented*

$19,740

(5,694)

(7,551)

6,495

(28,258)

(536)

(22,299)

(808)

(4,000)

($1,960)

(380)

(2,340)

(5)

319

(2,026)

$233,029

(93,796)

(113,848)

25,385

(37,220)

(543)

(12,378)

(7,496)

(213,321)

Adjustments
&
Eliminations1 

($19,280)

6,290

5,789

(7,201)

27,911

543

21,253

841

4,000

Operating profit (loss)**

($119,874)

($84,188)

($27,107)

($2,026)

($233,195)

$26,094

Loss from continuing operations

Loss from discontinued operations

Net loss

1 

Reflects eliminations of our proportionate share of joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope 

*Includes our proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations and VerticalScope 
**These are non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, refer to Section 14 of this MD&A.

Total Per
Consolidated
Statement of
Income

$213,749

(87,506)

(108,059)

18,184

(9,309)

—

8,875

(6,655)

(209,321)

($207,101)

($233,413)

($1,100)

($234,513)

Revenue
Segmented revenue was down $24.3 million or 10% with revenues negatively impacted by several factors including the 
absence of $5.0 million of net revenue associated with the closure of Olive Media at the end of 2015 and the absence of 
$2.3  million  of  commercial  printing  revenue  at  the  Vaughan  Printing  Facility.   Adjusting  for  these  factors,  segmented 
revenue was down $17.1 million or 7.3% in the fourth quarter of 2016 which included revenue growth of $2.3 million (25%) 
from VerticalScope. 

Segmented revenue in the fourth quarter reflected declines of 13% in print advertising revenues, with particular softness 
in national advertising revenues, a 7.1% decrease in subscriber revenue, which included the impact of the closure of the 
Guelph Mercury, and a 3.0% decrease in distribution revenues.  

Operating  revenue  (excluding  our  proportionate  share  of  revenues  from  our  joint  ventures  and  our  56%  interest  in 
VerticalScope) was down $25.3 million or 12%. 

Excluding the impact of Olive Media, digital revenue across all segments increased 2.1% in the fourth quarter of 2016, 
largely resulting from growth at VerticalScope and in local digital advertising at Metroland Media Group partially offset by 
lower revenues at Save.ca, Workopolis and WagJag.  Digital revenues were 18% of total segment revenues in the fourth 
quarter of 2016 comparable with the fourth quarter of 2015. 

Salaries and benefits
Our segmented salaries and benefits costs decreased $16.2 million or 17% in the fourth quarter of 2016 including the 
benefit of savings from restructuring initiatives, including the closure of the Vaughan Printing Facility, lower commission 
costs, and lower staffing costs associated with Toronto Star Touch. 

Other operating costs
Segmented  other  operating  costs  primarily  consist  of  circulation/flyer  distribution  costs,  newsprint  costs  and  other 
production costs which represented 41%, 12% and 13% respectively of segmented other operating costs in the fourth 
quarter of 2016. Segmented other operating costs were down $14.7 million or 13% as a result of lower print volumes and 
the impact of other cost reductions partially offset by fees associated with outsourcing the printing of the Toronto Star 
effective the third quarter of 2016.

Adjusted EBITDA
Our segmented adjusted EBITDA was $31.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, up $6.5 million from the fourth quarter 
of 2015 benefiting from $2.4 million of higher contribution from our Digital Ventures segment which included 34% growth 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   23

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

in adjusted EBITDA at VerticalScope.  In the newspaper operations segmented adjusted EBITDA at Star Media Group 
was up $5.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 while Metroland Media Group was down $1.5 million in the quarter. 

Amortization and depreciation
Total segmented amortization and depreciation decreased $21.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 which was primarily 
the result of lower amortization associated with our investment in VerticalScope.

Operating earnings (loss)
Segmented operating earnings was $15.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, an improvement of $27.8 million from an 
operating loss of $12.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2015.  This improvement was the result of an increase in adjusted 
EBITDA combined with lower amortization and depreciation expense.

Restructuring and other charges
Total segmented restructuring and other charges were $4.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 and $7.5 million in the 
comparable period of 2015. Restructuring provisions in the fourth quarter of 2016 are expected to result in annualized 
net savings of $1.8 million and a reduction of approximately 20 positions. $0.2 million of the savings associated with these 
initiatives were realized in the fourth quarter of 2016.   

Impairment of assets 
During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2016,  we  incurred  non-cash  charges  related  to  asset  impairment  of  investments  in  joint 
ventures and intangible assets totalling $7.5 million (2015 - goodwill and investments in joint ventures $213.3 million).  Of 
the impairment charges in the fourth quarter, $6.7 million was in respect of our joint venture investment in Workopolis and 
the balance of which related to intangible assets at Metroland Media Group.  These charges had no impact on cash flows 
and are discussed further in the discussion of annual operating results in Section 3 of this MD&A.

Operating profit (loss)
In the fourth quarter of 2016 our segmented operating profit was $3.5 million compared to an operating loss of $233.2 
million in the fourth quarter of 2015.  Our profit in the fourth quarter of 2016 included $15.6 million of amortization and 
depreciation expense and $7.5 million of non-cash impairment charges.  Our loss in the fourth quarter of 2015 included 
$213.3 million of in non-cash impairment charges and $37.2 million of amortization and depreciation expense. 

Our operating profit, excluding our proportionate share of operating profit (loss) from our joint ventures and our investment 
in VerticalScope increased $217.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 to $10.3 million. 

Loss from joint ventures
Loss from joint ventures was $6.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to a loss of $4.4 million in the fourth 
quarter of 2015. The loss in the fourth quarter of 2016 included a non-cash impairment charge of $6.7 million related to 
our joint venture investment in Workopolis (2015 - $4.0 million), as discussed further in the discussion of annual operating 
results in Section 3 of this MD&A.  

Income (loss) from associated businesses
Income from associated businesses was $2.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to a loss of $17.9 million in 
the fourth quarter of 2015.  The 2016 fourth quarter included income of $2.2 million from Black Press, income of $1.7 
million from Blue Ant, partially offset by a loss of $1.5 million from VerticalScope. The fourth quarter loss from VerticalScope 
included $7.7 million of amortization expense.  The loss in the fourth quarter of 2015 included income of $0.9 million from 
Black Press offset by a loss of $1.3 million from Blue Ant, a loss of $0.7 million from Shop.ca, and a loss of $16.6 million 
from VerticalScope. The 2015 fourth quarter loss from VerticalScope included $26.9 million of amortization expense. 

Investment in VerticalScope
During 2015, we acquired a 56% interest in VerticalScope. In connection with the investment in VerticalScope, during the 
fourth quarters of 2016 and 2015 we recorded $7.7 million and $26.9 million of additional amortization and depreciation 
expense. Further details of our accounting for this investment is included in Section 3 of this MD&A and further details of 
the operating results for this investment during the fourth quarter of 2016 are outlined in our discussion of the operating 
results for the Digital Ventures segment below. 

Other income (expense) 
Other income was nil in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to other expenses of $2.0 million in the fourth quarter of 
2015. Other expense in the fourth quarter of 2015 included a partial write-down of $2.3 million in respect of one of our 
portfolio investments partially offset by a $0.2 million gain on the sale of an asset and $0.1 million of other income. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   24

 
TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Income and other taxes
We recorded a tax expense of $4.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016. This compares to an income tax recovery of $0.6 
million in the fourth quarter of 2015. The income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2016 reflects deferred income tax 
assets not recognized and losses from associated businesses which are not deductible for tax purposes. The income tax 
recovery recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015 reflected the non-deductibility of non-cash impairment charges and losses 
from associated businesses for tax purposes.

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
Our net income from continuing operations was $0.7 million ($0.01 per share) in the fourth quarter of 2016.  This compares 
to net loss of $233.4 million ($2.90 per share) in the fourth quarter of 2015. 

The following chart provides a continuity of earnings per share from the fourth quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 
2016:  

Loss per share from continuing operations attributable to equity shareholders
in 2015

($2.90)

($0.10)

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Adjusted Earnings (Loss)
Per Share **

Changes
•    Adjusted EBITDA *
•    Amortization and depreciation *

•    Operating earnings (loss)*
•    Restructuring and other charges*

•    Impairment of assets*

•    Operating profit *
•    Non-cash foreign exchange

•    Income from associated businesses (excluding VerticalScope)

•    Other income

•    Change in deferred taxes (including associated businesses)

Earnings per share attributable to equity shareholders in 2016

0.08
0.27

(2.55)

0.04

2.55

0.04

0.01

0.06

0.02

(0.12)

$0.01

0.08

0.27

0.25

0.25

0.06

(0.15)

$0.16

*Includes proportionately consolidated share of joint ventures and 56% interest in VerticalScope.  These include Non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, 
refer to Section 14 
**Refer to Section 14 for a reconciliation of earnings (loss) per share to adjusted earnings (loss) per share and a definition of adjusted earnings (loss) 
per share 

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Income from discontinued operations of $0.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 and the loss from discontinued operations 
of $1.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2015 relate to adjustments made to provisions for indemnities associated with the 
sale of Harlequin in 2014.  These adjustments reflect revised estimates of the amounts of these provisions in respect of 
taxes, and legal and other costs.  

Segment Operating Results – Metroland Media Group

Revenues
Metroland Media Group revenues were down $7.7 million or 6.4% in the fourth quarter of 2016. Local advertising revenues, 
on a combined print and digital basis, were down 9.5% in the fourth quarter. Similar to the experience earlier in the year, 
local advertising revenues, on a combined print and digital basis, included a more modest decrease in local retail advertising 
revenues combined with weakness in the real estate category. Flyer distribution revenues continued to be relatively stable 
in the fourth quarter, down only 1.5%.  National advertising revenues, on a combined print and digital basis, were down 
11% in the fourth quarter, reflecting some moderation in the revenue trend relative to earlier in the year. 

Metroland Media Group’s total digital revenues were up slightly in the fourth quarter of 2016 as a result of strong growth 
in local digital advertising revenue partially offset by lower revenues from Save.ca and WagJag.   

Salaries and benefits costs
Metroland Media Group’s salaries and benefits costs were down $3.4 million or 6.5% in the fourth quarter of 2016 as a 
result of cost savings from restructuring as well as lower commission costs.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   25

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Other operating costs
Metroland Media Group’s other operating costs were down $2.7 million or 5.5% in the fourth quarter of 2016, as a result 
of lower circulation and flyer distribution costs, lower newsprint consumption and price, and other cost reductions. 

Adjusted EBITDA
Metroland Media Group adjusted EBITDA was down $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 primarily reflecting the above 
noted revenue declines which were only partially offset by the impact of $6.2 million in lower total costs, including $3.6 
million of savings related to restructuring initiatives.

Operating profit (loss)
Metroland Media Group operating profit was $9.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2016.  This compares to an operating 
loss of $119.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2015. The improvement in operating profit in the fourth quarter of 2016 
primarily reflects a decline of $129.8 million in impairment charges. 

Segment Operating Results – Star Media Group

Revenues
Star Media Group revenues were down $17.7 million or 19% in the fourth quarter of 2016 which included the absence of 
revenue associated with the closure of Olive Media and the absence of commercial printing revenue at the Vaughan 
Printing Facility.  Adjusting for these items, Star Media Group segmented revenues were down $10.4 million (11%) in the 
fourth quarter primarily reflecting lower print advertising revenues.  The decline in print advertising revenues in the fourth 
quarter was largely the result of weakness in both national and retail advertising revenues at the Toronto Star.  At Metro, 
regional revenues were weak in the fourth quarter while national revenue declines experienced some moderation relative 
to the trend experienced in the first half of the year.  In addition, subscriber revenues at the Toronto Star declined 5.9% 
in the fourth quarter of 2016. 

Excluding the absence of revenue associated with the closure of Olive Media, Star Media Group’s digital revenues were 
down 3.4% in the fourth quarter of 2016, primarily as a result of lower national revenues at thestar.com. 

Salaries and benefits costs
Star Media Group’s salaries and benefits costs decreased $11.7 million (35%) in the fourth quarter of 2016 reflecting the 
benefit of savings from restructuring initiatives, including the closure of the Vaughan Printing Facility and $1.2 million of 
lower staffing costs associated with Toronto Star Touch.

Other operating costs
Star Media Group’s other operating costs were down $11.5 million or 20% in the fourth quarter of 2016 reflecting $7.8 
million of lower costs in respect of Toronto Star Touch, lower circulation and distribution costs, lower newsprint consumption 
and other cost reductions partially offset by incremental costs associated with outsourcing the printing of the Toronto Star 
effective the third quarter of 2016.

Adjusted EBITDA
Star Media Group adjusted EBITDA was $8.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, up $5.5 million from the fourth quarter 
of 2015. The improvement in the fourth quarter of 2016 includes the loss of $3.7 million in contribution from commercial 
printing at the Vaughan Printing Facility and the closure of Olive Media, offset by $9.0 million of lower net investment in 
Toronto Star Touch, including savings from restructuring. Adjusting for these factors, Star Media Group segmented adjusted 
EBITDA increased $0.2 million in the fourth quarter, due to $7.2 million of net savings from restructuring initiatives and 
other cost reductions, partially offset by the above noted revenue declines.

Operating profit (loss)
Star Media Group operating profit was $4.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, compared to an operating loss of $84.2 
million in the fourth quarter of 2015.   The improvement in operating profit in the fourth quarter of 2016 primarily reflects 
the absence of $78.8 million of impairment charges recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   26

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Segment Operating Results – Digital Ventures

Revenues
Digital Ventures revenues increased $1.1 million (5.6%) in the fourth quarter of 2016, due to revenue growth of $2.3 million 
at VerticalScope, partially offset by lower revenues from Workopolis. Our proportionate share of VerticalScope's revenue 
in the fourth quarter of 2016 was $11.6 million which represented growth of 25% relative to the fourth quarter of 2015 
resulting from a combination of organic revenue growth and growth from acquisitions. 

Salaries and benefits costs
Digital Ventures’ salaries and benefits costs were down $0.7 million or 12% in the fourth quarter of 2016 primarily reflecting 
lower  salary  and  benefit  costs  at  Workopolis  and  eyeReturn,  partially  offset  by  increased  salary  and  benefit  costs  at 
VerticalScope. Salaries and benefits costs in the fourth quarter of 2016 also included the benefit of $0.2 million of savings 
from restructuring initiatives at Workopolis. 

Other operating costs
Digital Ventures' other operating costs were flat in the fourth quarter of 2016 reflecting lower costs at Workopolis and 
eyeReturn, offset by increased costs at VerticalScope reflecting growth in the underlying business. 

Adjusted EBITDA
Digital Ventures adjusted EBITDA was $8.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, up $2.4 million from $6.5 million in the 
fourth  quarter  of  2015  primarily  due  to  growth  at  VerticalScope.  Our  proportionate  share  of  VerticalScope's  adjusted 
EBITDA was $7.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 representing an increase of 34% over the fourth quarter of 2015.  
Relative to the prior year, adjusted EBITDA at Workopolis increased $0.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2016 while adjusted 
EBITDA at eyeReturn was consistent with the prior year in the fourth quarter.

Operating loss
Digital Ventures' operating loss was $6.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, compared to an operating loss of $27.1 
million in the fourth quarter of 2015.  The improvement in the operating loss in the third quarter of 2016 was the result of 
the above noted improvements in adjusted EBITDA as well as a significant decrease in amortization and depreciation 
expense.

5. Outlook 
The outlook for our business in 2017 

In 2016, Metroland Media Group and Star Media Group continued to face a challenging print advertising market resulting 
from ongoing shifts in spending by advertisers and indications are that the revenue challenges experienced at Star Media 
Group and Metroland Media Group in 2016 have continued early into 2017.  However, it is difficult to predict if the trends 
experienced  in  2016  will  continue  through  2017.  Flyer  distribution  revenues  and  revenues  from  subscribers  declined 
moderately in 2016 and this trend is expected to continue in 2017.  In 2017, Metroland Media Group and Star Media Group 
overall digital revenue is expected to be stable with expected growth in certain business lines offsetting expected declines 
in other areas. 

Within the Digital Ventures segment, the trend in revenue and adjusted EBITDA growth from a combination of organic growth 
and acquisitions at VerticalScope experienced in 2016 has continued early into 2017 and is expected to remain strong 
through the balance of 2017. 

Cost reduction will remain an ongoing important area of focus for us in 2017. Net savings related to restructuring initiatives 
undertaken through the end of 2016 are expected to be $17.0 million in 2017 ($6.1 million in Metroland Media Group, $10.9 
million in the Star Media Group). In addition, we expect the net investment in Toronto Star Touch in 2017 to be between $2 
million and $4 million for the full year in 2017, (including the benefit of an additional $2.2 million of savings from restructuring 
initiatives undertaken to date and not included above) down from approximately $11 million in 2016.

Expenses related to our registered defined benefit pension plans are currently expected to decrease by approximately $3 
million to approximately $11 million in 2017.  However, from a cash flow perspective, in 2017, similar to 2016, we anticipate 
that the required funding of our registered defined benefit pension plans to remain at approximately $18 million. We are 
required to file updated actuarial valuation reports in respect of our largest registered defined benefit pension plans as of 
December 31, 2016. These valuations will determine the minimum future funding requirements in respect of these plans 
beyond 2017. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   27

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Capital expenditures in 2017 are currently anticipated to be reduced to between $12 million and $13 million.

In addition, in 2017, we anticipate our 56% share of VerticalScope's non-cash amortization charges, including those related 
to intangible assets identified at the time of our investment (refer to discussion of Investment in VerticalScope in Section 3 
of this MD&A), to drop to approximately $7 - $8 million per quarter excluding any potential impact of acquisitions completed 
in 2017.

6. Liquidity and Capital Resources 
A discussion of our cash flow, liquidity, credit facilities and other disclosures 

We use cash and cash equivalents on hand and the cash generated by our operations to fund working capital, capital 
expenditures, distributions to shareholders, and acquisitions. Based on our current and anticipated level of operations, it is 
expected that our future cash flows from operating activities, combined with existing cash and cash equivalents, will be 
adequate  to  cover  forecasted  cash  requirements  through  the  end  of  2018,  acknowledging  that  beyond  2017,  our  cash 
requirements are expected to increase significantly in respect of our defined benefit pension plans. Based on our estimated 
solvency deficit at December 31, 2016 and the Ontario Government's determination of minimum funding requirements, the 
minimum required funding for our defined benefit pension plans is expected to increase significantly beginning in 2018.  The 
Ontario Government has released a consultation paper on solvency funding in Ontario, (Refer to further discussion in Section 
8 - Employee Benefit Obligations). While there can be no certainty as to the outcome of the Ontario Government's solvency 
funding review or the availability of funding relief measures, if such funding relief were to materialize and be applicable to 
us, it is possible that it could significantly reduce our minimum required funding in respect of our defined benefit pension 
plans.

Given the above noted factors, beyond 2018, we may need to take additional measures to increase our liquidity and capital 
resources,  including  through  the  sale  of  investments  or  assets,  obtaining  additional  debt  or  equity  financing,  reducing 
distributions to shareholders or reducing capital expenditures.  

In 2016, we used $10.6 million of cash in operating activities, generated $65.3 million of cash from investing activities and 
used $14.5 million of cash in financing activities.

In the fourth quarter of 2016, we generated $11.7 million of cash from operating activities, used $4.2 million of cash in 
investing activities and used $2.0 million in financing activities. 

At  December  31,  2016  we  had  $75.4  million  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  as  well  as  $11.8  million  of  restricted  cash.  
Restricted cash included $10.5 million held as collateral for outstanding standby letters of credit supporting an unfunded 
executive retirement plan liability.  At December 31, 2015 we had $35.2 million of cash and cash equivalents as well as 
$37.9 million of restricted cash.  Restricted cash was comprised of $15.2 million held as collateral for outstanding standby 
letters of credit (substantially all of which was in respect of a standby letter of credit supporting an unfunded executive 
retirement plan liability) and $22.8 million which was held in escrow in respect of the sale of Harlequin.

Operating Activities
In 2016, we used $10.6 million of cash in operating activities.  Cash used in operating activities included $30.4 million of 
funding towards our employee future benefit plans of which $18.0 million  was contributed to registered defined benefit 
pension plans and $12.4 million was applied to unfunded pension and other post employment benefit plans.  This was 
partially offset by an $11.0 million decrease in non-cash working capital and a $3.3 million decrease in restricted cash.  
During  2015,  we  generated  $38.1  million  of  cash  from  operating  activities  which  included  funding  of  $20.4  million  of 
contributions to our employee future benefit plans and a $12.0 million decrease in non-cash working capital.  

In the fourth quarter of 2016, we generated $11.7 million of cash from operating activities which included $15.9 million of 
funding towards our employee future benefit plans ($5.3 million was contributed to registered defined benefit pension plans 
and $10.6 million was applied to unfunded pension and other post employment benefit plans) and a $2.5 million increase 
in non-cash working capital, partially offset by a $6.9 million decrease in restricted cash.  During the fourth quarter of 2015
we generated cash of $16.2 million of cash from operating activities which included $5.9 million of contributions to our 
employee future benefit plans, a $5.9 million decrease in non-cash working capital and a decrease of $2.5 million in restricted 
cash. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   28

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Investing Activities
During 2016, we generated $65.3 million of cash in investing activities.  This included the receipt of $61.0 million in proceeds 
on the sale of assets, including $53.6 million received on the sale of the Vaughan Printing Facility and surrounding lands 
and $7.4 million in respect of the sale of two Metroland Media Group real estate properties.  We also received $22.8 million 
from the release of escrowed cash related to the sale of Harlequin in February 2016.  These receipts were offset in part by 
$17.7  million  in  additions  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets  (excluding  our  proportionate  share  of 
additions related to our joint ventures and 56% interest in VerticalScope).

During 2015, we used $213.5 million of cash in investing activities.  This included a $180.0 million investment in VerticalScope 
(net of a $22.1 million distribution received in the fourth quarter of 2015, which was anticipated at the time of the initial 
investment), a $1.5 million investment in Nest Wealth Asset Management Inc., an associated business, $30.6 million for 
additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (excluding Torstar’s proportionate share of additions related 
to our joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope) and $2.1 million for acquisitions and portfolio investments.  
Portfolio investments included an investment in CanadaStays.com.  Additions to intangible assets included $10.7 million of 
additions related to Toronto Star Touch.  

During the fourth quarter of 2016 we used $4.2 million of cash from investing activities primarily for additions to property, 
plant and equipment and intangible assets.  During the fourth quarter of 2015 we generated $14.1 million of cash in investing 
activities.  This included a $22.1 million distribution from VerticalScope, as anticipated at the time of the initial investment, 
partially  offset  by  $6.6  million  for  additions  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets  and  $1.5  million  of 
investments  in  associated  businesses  which  represented  the  payment  of  costs  associated  with  our  investment  in 
VerticalScope in the third quarter of 2015.

Financing Activities
In 2016 we used cash of $14.5 million in financing activities which was primarily used for the payment of dividends.  In 2015 
cash of $40.7 million was used in financing activities with $41.5 million used for the payment of dividends. 

We used cash of $2.0 million and $10.3 million for financing activities in the fourth quarters of 2016 and 2015 respectively 
which was primarily used in the payment of dividends. 

Dividends per share were 6.5 cents in each of the first and second quarters of 2016, and 2.5 cents in the third and fourth 
quarter of 2016.  Dividends per share were 13.125 cents in each of the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2015.

Contractual Obligations and Other
As at December 31, 2016, we had the following significant contractual obligations which were not included in our liabilities 
in the Statement of Financial Position.  

(In 000's)
Nature of the Obligation
Office leases
Services
Total
Receivable from office sub-leases

Total
$45,243
62,806
$108,049
($7,619)

2017
$14,462
22,319
$36,781
($3,013)

2018 – 2019
$24,179
33,032
$57,211
($3,602)

2020 – 2021
$6,555
7,455
$14,010
($1,004)

2022+

$47

$47

In 2015, we received cash proceeds of $7.1 million in digital media tax credits, net of expenses, in respect of claims filed 
for the year ended December 31, 2010.  While we have filed additional claims in respect of these credits, there is uncertainty 
with regard to timing and amounts (if any) that may ultimately be received under this program.

Outstanding Share and Share Option Information
As at February 24, 2017, we had 9,826,215 Class A voting shares and 70,891,397 Class B non-voting shares outstanding.  
As at December 31, 2016 we had 9,826,215 Class A voting shares and 70,891,322 Class B non-voting shares outstanding.  
More information on our share capital is provided in Note 20 of the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements. 

As at February 24, 2017, we had 6,380,203 (December 31, 2016 - 5,686,932) options to purchase Class B non-voting 
shares  outstanding  to  executives.  More  information  on  Torstar’s  share  option  plan  is  provided  in  Note  21  of  the  2016 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   29

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

7. Financial Instruments 
A summary of our financial instruments 

Foreign Exchange
In order to offset the foreign exchange risk associated with the investment in VerticalScope in July 2015, we entered into a 
hedge of the net investment using 90 day rolling forward foreign exchange contracts, which established a rate of exchange 
of Canadian dollar per U.S. dollar of $1.30 for U.S. $153.8 million as of the date of the investment.  At December 31, 2015, 
we had forward foreign exchange contracts in place, which established a rate of exchange of Canadian dollar per U.S. dollar 
of $1.34 for U.S. $137.0 million.  The forward foreign exchange contracts were designated as a hedge of the net investment 
in VerticalScope. Gains or losses on the translation of the effective portion of the designated hedge amount were transferred 
to OCI to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment.  Any changes to the U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar 
exchange rate would be offset by the gains or losses on translation of the net investment to the extent of hedge effectiveness.

In 2016, we extinguished all of the U.S. rolling forward contracts we had in place and simultaneously entered into a $137.0 
million zero cost collar arrangement with a range of Canadian $1.46 to Canadian $1.19 for U.S. $1.00.  These collar options 
were also designated as a hedge of the net investment in VerticalScope.  Any fluctuations in fair value arising from fluctuations 
in the rate of exchange of Canadian dollar per U.S. dollar outside this collar range is recorded in OCI on the effective portion 
of the designated hedge.  Any gains or losses related to the ineffective portion of the hedge are recorded in net income. 
While there are no cash payments or receipts while inside the collar range, any fluctuations within the collar range are 
recorded in net income. 

In February 2017, we extinguished the collar arrangement we had in place in and simultaneously entered into a new $137.0 
million zero cost collar arrangement maturing in 2018, with a range of Canadian $1.40 to Canadian $1.20 for U.S. $1.00.

8. Employee Benefit Obligations 
A summary of our employee benefit obligations 

We  have  several  registered  defined  benefit  pension  plans  which  provide  pension  benefits  to  our  employees,  and  an 
unregistered, unfunded defined benefit pension plan that provides pension benefits to eligible senior management executives 
of Torstar.    In  addition,  we  have  a  number  of  capital  accumulation  (defined  contribution)  plans.    We  also  have  a  post-
employment benefit plan that provides health and life insurance benefits to certain grandfathered employees, primarily in 
the newspaper operations. 

We had the following employee future benefit assets (obligations) as at December 31:

($000’s)
Registered pension plans

Unregistered/unfunded pension plans

Post employment benefit plan

2016
($12,661)
(10,658)

(47,015)
($70,334)

2015
($11,426)
(21,238)
(47,875)
($80,539)

At December 31, 2016, our net deficit related to our defined benefit pension plans was $12.7 million, a favourable movement 
of $69.6 million from a net deficit of $82.3 million at September 30, 2016 and an unfavourable movement of $1.3 million 
from a net deficit of $11.4 million at December 31, 2015.  

We have recognized the following expense in operating profit related to the defined benefit obligations:

($000’s)
Registered pension plans

Unregistered/unfunded pension plans

Post employment benefits plan

2016
($15,236)
(612)
413
($15,435)

2015
($17,452)
(537)

(364)

($18,353)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   30

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

The  cost  and  obligations  of  pensions  and  post  employment  benefits  earned  by  employees  is  calculated  annually  by 
independent  actuaries  using  the  projected  unit  credit  method  prorated  on  service  and  management’s  best  estimate  of 
assumptions for salary increases, employee turnover, retirement ages of employees, mortality rates and expected health 
care costs.  On an interim basis, management estimates the changes in the actuarial gains and losses.  These estimates 
are adjusted to actual when the annual calculations are completed by the independent actuaries.

The significant assumptions made by management in 2016 and 2015 were:

To determine the net benefit obligation at the end of the year:
Discount rate

Rate of future compensation increase

To determine benefit expense:
Discount rate

Rate of future compensation increase

To determine the pension benefit expense for the following year:
Discount rate

Rate of future compensation increase

2016

2015

3.2% to 3.8%

2.5%

3.1% to 3.9%

2.0% to 2.5%

3.5% to 3.9%

2.25% to 2.75%

3.1% to 3.9%

2.0% to 2.5%

2017

3.2% to 3.8%

2.5%

The discount rates of 3.2% to 3.8% were the yields at December 31, 2016 on high quality Canadian corporate bonds with 
maturities that match the expected maturity of the pension obligations.  The selection of a discount rate that was one percent 
higher (holding all other assumptions constant) would have resulted in a decrease in the value of the net pension plan 
obligation at December 31, 2016 of $113.6 million.  A discount rate that was one percent lower would have increased the 
value of the net pension plan obligation at December 31, 2016 by $129.9 million.

Management has estimated the rate of future compensation increases to be 2.5%.  This rate includes an anticipated level 
of inflationary increases as well as merit increases.  Management has considered both historical trends and expectations 
for  the  future.    Recent  compensation  increases  have  been  lower  than  this  range  given  current  market  conditions  but 
management believes the range reflects an appropriate longer-term view.  

For the post employment benefits plan that provides health and life insurance benefits to certain grandfathered employees, 
the key assumptions are the discount rate and health care cost trends.  The discount rate used is the same as the prescribed 
rate for the defined benefit pension obligation.  If the estimated discount rate were one percent higher, the obligation at 
December 31, 2016 would be approximately $4.9 million lower.  If the estimated discount rate were one percent lower, the 
obligation at December 31, 2016 would be approximately $5.9 million higher.  For health care costs, the estimated trend 
was for a 4.8% increase for the 2016 expense.  For 2017, health care costs are estimated to increase by 5.0%.  If the 
estimated increase in health care costs were one percent higher, the obligation at December 31, 2016 would be approximately 
$1.3 million higher.  If the estimated increase in health care costs were one percent lower, the obligation at December 31, 
2016 would be approximately $1.2 million lower.  

Due to the extensive use of estimates in the benefit calculations, actuarial gains and losses arise over time as discount 
rates change, when actual return performance differs from the estimated returns and as other assumptions change.  The 
most significant actuarial gains and losses arise from changes in the discount rate used to value the pension plan obligations 
as well as differences in the actual and estimated returns earned on pension plan assets.  We recognize these actuarial 
gains  and  losses  as  realized,  through  OCI.   Actuarial  losses  of  $1.7  million  were  recognized  through  OCI  in  2016  and 
actuarial losses of $3.4 million were recognized through OCI in 2015.  

Ontario pension plan regulations require that the funded status of registered pension plans be determined no less frequently 
than every three years through an actuarial solvency report.  Any incremental solvency deficits determined by such reports 
must normally be funded over a five-year period.  As all of our pension plans are registered in Ontario, solvency valuations 
are a key determinant of ongoing defined benefit pension contribution requirements.

Actuarial reports for our most significant group of registered defined benefit pension plans (in terms of assets and obligations) 
were completed as of December 31, 2013 and form the basis on which required annual funding was set for 2015 through 
2017.  Based on these valuations, we expect the required annual funding for our registered defined benefit plans for 2017 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   31

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

to be approximately $18 million similar to our funding level in 2016.  Our next required actuarial reports will be as of December 
31, 2016.

Based on the December 31, 2013 solvency report, we had an estimated solvency deficit of $45.3 million at December 31, 
2013.  This report also indicated that a 100 basis point change in the discount rate used to calculate solvency liabilities 
would result in a change in liabilities of approximately $119 million.  The blended discount rate of the most significant group 
of our registered defined benefit pension plans which management uses to calculate the estimated solvency deficit decreased 
by 0.02% in 2016 and by 0.74% from December 31, 2013. Given the change in the discount rate, combined with asset 
returns from December 31, 2013 through to December 31, 2016, we estimate that the solvency deficit for these plans at 
December 31, 2016 was approximately $122 million.

Subsequent to December 31, 2013, we have taken steps to immunize approximately one quarter of the registered defined 
benefit pension plan liabilities and accordingly, management now estimates that a 100 basis point movement in the discount 
rate  used  to  estimate  solvency  liabilities  would  result  in  an  approximate  $70  million  change  in  the  remaining  solvency 
liabilities. 

On July 26, 2016, the Ontario Government released a consultation paper on solvency funding in Ontario.  According to the 
consultation paper, which can be found at http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/pension/solvency/review-solvency-funding.html “Over 
the last several years, sponsors of defined benefit pension plans, have faced funding pressures associated with persistently 
low interest rates. The stated purpose of the solvency funding review is to develop a balanced set of solvency funding 
reforms  that  would  focus  on  plan  sustainability,  affordability  and  benefit  security,  and  take  into  account  the  interests  of 
pension stakeholders - including sponsors, unions, members and retirees. Further temporary solvency relief measures are 
intended to provide plan sponsors with flexibility as the funding review proceeds." Feedback on key policy issues associated 
with pension plan funding in Ontario was due to the Ministry of Finance by September 30, 2016.  This was to be followed 
by the development of proposed funding reforms which was to include synthesis and analysis of feedback and continued 
consultation.  There can be no certainty as to the outcome of the Ontario Government's solvency funding review or the 
availability of funding relief measures.  However, if such funding relief were to materialize and be applicable to us, it is 
possible that it could significantly reduce our minimum required funding in respect of our defined benefit pension plans.

9. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 
A description of accounting estimates and judgements that are critical to determining our financial results, and changes 
to accounting policies 

Accounting Policies
The accounting policies used in the preparation of the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements are outlined in Note 2 of 
the  2016  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  Several  new  amendments  and 
interpretations applied for the first time in 2016.  However, they had little or no impact on our consolidated financial statements.  

Accounting Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of our 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make 
judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of 
revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period.  

Management uses estimates when accounting for certain items such as revenues, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful 
lives of capital assets, asset impairments, provisions, share-based compensation plans, employee benefit plans, deferred 
income taxes and goodwill impairment.  Estimates are also made by management when recording the fair value of assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

Estimates are based on a number of factors, including historical experience, current events and other assumptions that 
management believes are reasonable under the circumstances.  By their nature, these estimates are subject to measurement 
uncertainty  and  actual  results  could  differ.    Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods 
affected.  

The more significant estimates and assumptions made by management are described below:

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   32

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Employee Future Benefits
The accrued net benefit asset or liability and the related cost of defined benefit pension plans and other post employment 
benefits  earned  by  employees  is  determined  each  year  by  independent  actuaries  based  on  several  assumptions. The 
actuarial valuation uses management’s assumptions for rate of compensation increase, employee turnover, retirement ages, 
mortality rates, trends in healthcare costs and expected average remaining years of service of employees.  Management 
applies judgement in the selection of these estimates, based on regular reviews of salary increases, health care costs and 
demographic employee data.  The most significant assumption is the discount rate.

The discount rate used to determine the present value of the net defined benefit obligation is based on the yield on long-
term, high-quality corporate bonds, with maturities matching the estimated cash flows from the benefit plan.  A lower discount 
rate would result in a higher employee benefit obligation.

Management’s current estimates, along with a sensitivity analysis are further discussed under “Employee Future Benefit 
Obligations” in this MD&A and are disclosed in Note 19 of the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Impairment of non-financial assets
At each reporting date, we are required to assess our investments, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and 
goodwill for potential indicators of impairment such as an adverse change in business climate that may indicate that these 
assets may be impaired.  If any such indication exists, we estimate the recoverable amount of the asset, CGU or group of 
CGUs and compare it to the carrying value.  In addition, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, we 
are required to test intangible assets with an indefinite useful life and goodwill for impairment at least annually.  We complete 
our annual testing during the fourth quarter of each year.

For intangible assets other than goodwill, we are also required to assess at each reporting date whether there is any indication 
that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. 

The test for impairment for property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, investments or goodwill is to compare the 
recoverable amount of the asset or CGU to the carrying value.  The recoverable amount is the greater of FVLCS, and VIU. 
The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are 
largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets (such as goodwill).  If this is the case, the recoverable 
amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. 

We have computed the FVLCS using a forward EBITDA multiple that requires market participant assumptions about future 
cash  flows  and  forward  multiples.  In  calculating  the  recoverable  amount,  under  either  a  VIU  or  FVLCS  methodology, 
management is required to make several assumptions, including, but not limited to, expected future revenues, expected 
future cash flows, forward multiples and discount rates. Our assumptions are influenced by current market conditions and 
levels of competition, both of which may affect expected revenues.  Expected cash flows may be further affected by changes 
in operating costs beyond what we are currently anticipating.  We have also made certain assumptions for the forward 
multiples, discount and terminal growth rates to reflect possible variations in the cash flows. However, the risk premiums 
expected by market participants, as reflected in forward multiples, related to uncertainties about the industry, specific reporting 
units or specific intangible assets may differ or change quickly, depending on economic conditions and other events.  Changes 
in any of these assumptions may have a significant impact on the fair value of the investment, CGU or group of CGUs or 
intangible assets and the results of the related impairment testing. Refer to Note 12 of the 2016 Consolidated Financial 
Statements for further details about the methods and assumptions used in estimating the recoverable amount.

As at December 31, 2016 the carrying value of investments, intangible assets, property, plant & equipment and goodwill 
represented 33%, 10%, 11% and 1% respectively of total assets and each reporting segment had investments, intangible 
assets and property, plant and equipment with carrying values subject to these estimates.  As at December 31, 2015 the 
carrying value of investments, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and goodwill represented 34%, 10%, 17% 
and  1%  respectively  of  total  assets.   These  values,  for  the  applicable  segments,  are  outlined  in  the  notes  to  the  2016 
Consolidated Financial Statements. In the year ended December 31, 2016, we have recorded impairment charges (on a 
segmented basis), related to intangible assets and investments totaling $7.5 million in 2016.  In the year ended December 
31,  2015,  we  have  recorded  impairment  charges  (on  a  segmented  basis),  related  to  goodwill,  intangible  assets  and 
investments totaling $361.1 million. These charges impact net income but have no effect on cash flow. Refer to the discussion 
of "Impairment of assets" in Section 3 for further detail surrounding the impairment of asset charges recorded during 2016.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   33

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Taxes 
We are subject to income taxes in Canada and in certain foreign jurisdictions.  Significant judgement is required in determining 
the provision for income taxes.  In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which 
the  ultimate  tax  determination  is  uncertain.    Management  uses  judgement  in  interpreting  tax  laws  and  determining  the 
appropriate rates and amounts in recording current and deferred taxes, giving consideration to timing and probability.  Actual 
income taxes could significantly vary from these estimates as a result of future events, including changes in income tax law 
or the outcome of reviews by tax authorities and related appeals.  To the extent that the final tax outcome is different from 
the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax provision in the period in which such 
determination is made.  

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and  their  carrying  amount  for  financial  reporting  purposes.    Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  measured  using 
substantively enacted tax rates and laws at the reporting date that are expected to be in effect when the temporary differences 
are expected to reverse.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused 
tax losses to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which they can be utilized.  
When  assessing  the  probability  of  taxable  profit  being  available,  management  primarily  considers  prior  years’  results, 
forecasted future results and non-recurring items.  As such, the assessment of our ability to utilize tax losses carried forward 
is to a large extent judgement-based.  If our future taxable results differ significantly from those expected, we would be 
required  to  increase  or  decrease  the  carrying  value  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  with a  potentially  material  impact  in our 
consolidated statement of financial position and consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  The carrying amount 
of deferred tax assets is reassessed at each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that 
sufficient taxable profits will be available to utilize all or part of the deferred tax assets. Unrecognized deferred tax assets 
are reassessed at each reporting period and are recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient 
taxable profits to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

More information on our income taxes is provided in Note 14 of the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements.

Significant judgements made by management are described below.

Classification of investments as portfolio investments, associated businesses, joint ventures and subsidiaries
Classification of investments requires judgement on whether we control, have joint control or significant influence over the 
strategic financial and operating decisions relating to the activity of the investee.  Joint control is the contractually agreed 
sharing of control over the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee.  It exists only when the decisions require 
the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.  Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and 
operating policy decisions of the investee but does not represent control or joint control over those decisions.  If an investor 
holds 20% or more of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the investor has significant influence, unless it 
can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case. Conversely, if the investor holds less than 20% of the voting power 
of the investee, it is presumed that the investor does not have significant influence, unless such influence can be clearly 
demonstrated.

In  assessing  the  level  of  control  or  influence  that  we  have  over  an  investment,  management  considers  ownership 
percentages, board representation as well as other relevant provisions in shareholder agreements.  Black Press, Blue Ant 
and Shop.ca have been classified as associated businesses based on management’s judgement that we have, based on 
rights to board representation and other provisions in the respective shareholder agreements, significant influence despite 
owning less than 20% of the voting rights throughout 2016 and 2015 for Black Press and throughout 2015 until the third 
quarter 2016 for Shop.ca and since the third quarter of 2016 for Blue Ant.  Similarly, VerticalScope has been classified as 
an associated business, rather than a consolidated subsidiary or joint venture, based on management’s judgement that we 
have, based on provisions in the shareholders agreement, significant influence despite owning 56% of the voting rights.

Classification of cash equivalents
Classification of cash equivalents requires judgement on whether short-term investments are easily convertible into cash. 
Short-term investments with maturities on acquisition of 90 days or less are presumed to be cash equivalents due to the 
short holding period of the investment.  We have classified our short-term investments with original maturities on acquisition 
of  over  90  days  but  less  than  365  days  as  cash  equivalents  based  on  management’s  judgement  that  the  short-term 
investments are liquid as we have a contractual right to convert them into cash with 30 days’ notice.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   34

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Determination of operating segments, reportable segments and CGUs 
We have three reportable operating segments for segment reporting purposes:  Metroland Media Group, Star Media Group 
and Digital Ventures.   “Corporate” is the provision of corporate services and administrative support.  Each of the Star Media 
Group, Metroland Media Group and Digital Ventures segments include CGUs which have been grouped together for purposes 
of reviewing performance and impairment testing. Our chief operating decision-maker monitors the operating results of the 
operating units separately for the purpose of assessing performance.  Segment performance is evaluated based on operating 
profit which corresponds to operating profit as measured in the consolidated financial statements except that it includes the 
proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations. Decisions regarding resource allocation are made at the 
reportable segment level. 

Within the MMG operating segment, we have identified a number of CGUs including the daily newspapers and their flyer 
distribution operations, the community newspapers and their flyer distribution and printing operations as well as a number 
of separate digital CGUs.  In addition, we have identified SMG as one CGU which includes the Toronto Star and the Metro 
publications as well as a number of other smaller digital platforms and publications.  Within the Digital Ventures segment, 
we have identified eyeReturn Marketing as one CGU.

10. Recent Accounting Pronouncements 
A discussion of recent IFRS developments that will affect our business 

The International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) continues to issue new and revised IFRS.  A listing of the changes 
in IFRS is included in Note 2(t) in our 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements. The following new standards or amendments 
to accounting standards, which will be effective subsequent to 2016, are expected to have an impact on the interim or annual 
consolidated financial statements or related disclosures: 

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 which specifies how and when an entity will recognize revenue as well as requiring 
such entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative, relevant disclosures. The standard provides a 
single, principles based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. We do not anticipate early adoption 
and we plan to adopt the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2018. We have reviewed our significant sources of 
revenue and to date, we have not identified any areas for which the recognition of revenue will change significantly with the 
adoption of the new standard.  We will continue to assess the impact of IFRS 15 on our less significant sources of revenue 
as well as disclosure requirements.

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
In July 2014, the IASB issued a finalized version of IFRS 9 which contains accounting requirements for financial instruments 
replacing IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.  The standard contains requirements in the following 
areas: Classification and Measurement; Impairment; Hedge Accounting; and Derecognition.  We do not anticipate early 
adoption and plan to adopt the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2018.
Our review of IFRS 9 performed to date indicates the following impacts:

• 

financial assets such as receivables which were previously classified as "loans and receivables" under IAS 39, will 
now be classified as "amortized cost" under IFRS 9 while most financial liabilities will continue to be measured at 
"amortized cost".

•  The quantitative retrospective and prospective hedge effectiveness assessment within the 80-125 percent threshold 
to qualify for hedge accounting will no longer apply.  Rather, once a hedge relationship qualifies for hedge accounting, 
retrospective effectiveness testing and voluntary discontinuation of hedge accounting are not permitted.  Hedge 
accounting can only discontinue where the qualifying criteria are no longer met.

We will continue to assess the impact of IFRS 9 on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16 Leases
In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 which supersedes IAS 17 Leases and related interpretations. The new standard 
provides a single lessee accounting model which eliminates the distinction between operating and finance leases, by requiring 
lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless the underlying asset has a low value or the lease term is 12 
months or less. Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is 
retained. We do not anticipate early adoption and we plan to adopt the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019. 
We are in the process of reviewing the standard to determine the impact on the consolidated financial statements.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   35

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

11. Controls and Procedures 
A discussion of our disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Torstar in reports 
filed  with  securities  regulatory  authorities  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  on  a  timely  basis,  and  is 
accumulated and communicated to Torstar’s management, including the CEO and CFO as appropriate, to allow timely 
decisions regarding required disclosure.  

As at December 31, 2016, under the supervision of, and with the participation of the CEO and CFO, we evaluated the 
effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.    Based on this evaluation, our CEO 
and CFO have concluded that, as at December 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting.  These 
controls include policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately 
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Torstar; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions 
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and 
expenditures  are  being  made  only  in  accordance  with  authorizations  of  management  and  directors;  and  (3)  provide 
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets 
that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

All control systems contain inherent limitations, no matter how well designed.  As a result, management acknowledges that 
our internal controls over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all misstatements due to error or fraud.  In addition, 
management’s evaluation of controls can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that all control issues that may 
result in material misstatements, if any, have been detected.

Management, under the supervision of, and with the participation of the CEO and CFO, assessed the effectiveness of 
internal  controls  over  financial  reporting,  using  the  2013  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway 
Commission (COSO) framework, and based on that assessment concluded that internal controls over financial reporting 
were effective as at December 31, 2016.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended 
December 31, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over 
financial reporting.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   36

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

12. Selected Annual Information 
A summary of selected annual financial information for 2016, 2015 and 2014 

(in $000’s - except per share amounts)
Revenue

Segmented Revenue *

Net loss from continuing operations

Per Class A voting and Class B non-voting share - Basic and
Diluted
Net income (loss)

Net income (loss) attributable to equity shareholders

Per Class A voting and Class B non-voting share

Basic

Diluted

Average number of shares outstanding during the year (in 000’s)

Basic

Diluted

Cash dividends per Class A voting and Class B non-voting share

Total assets

2016
$685,099

$761,697
($76,036)

($0.94)

(74,836)

(74,750)

($0.93)

($0.93)

80,653

80,653

$0.180

$564,491

2015
$786,631

$843,640
($399,837)

($4.96)

(404,837)

(403,966)

($5.02)

($5.02)

80,400

80,400

$0.525

$696,416

2014
$858,134

$904,618
($49,598)

($0.62)

173,064

172,685

$2.16

$2.15

80,078

80,254

$0.525

$1,143,521

*Includes proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations and VerticalScope. This is a non-IFRS or additional IFRS measures, refer to Section 
14 of this MD&A.

Revenue has declined each year reflecting a structural shift within the advertising industry from print media to digital media. 
Excluding the impact of the closure of Olive Media on December 31, 2015, digital revenues increased 18% in 2016 and 14% 
in 2015.  These increases were primarily related to the investment in VerticalScope in July 2015.

Over the three year period, significant labour cost savings have been realized in the newspaper operations from restructuring 
initiatives.  The provisions for the costs of these restructuring initiatives have had a negative impact on net income, generally 
in a period in advance of the cost savings being realized.  

In addition, 2014 included a $224.6 million pre-tax gain on the sale of Harlequin, while 2015 included additional charges of 
$5.0 million related to provisions for indemnities in respect of the sale of Harlequin.

Total assets have declined over the three year period reflecting total impairment charges of $7.5 million in 2016, $361.1 
million in 2015 and $97.9 million in 2014.  In addition, on a segmented basis, we recorded amortization and depreciation 
expenses totalling $122.0 million in 2016, and $77.5 million in 2015, largely related to the investment in VerticalScope in July 
2015. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   37

 
TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

13. Summary of Quarterly Results 
A summary view of our quarterly financial performance 

The following table presents selected financial information for each of the eight most recently completed quarters:

(in $000’s - except per share
amounts)
Revenue

Net Income (loss) from continuing
operations

Per Class A voting and Class B non-
voting share -

Dec 31,
2016
$188,408

Sep 30,
2016
$162,098

Jun 30,
2016
$177,912

Mar 31,
2016
$156,681

Dec 31,
2015
$213,749

Sept 30,
2015
$185,386

Jun 30,
2015
$206,327

Mar 31,
2015
$181,169

Quarter Ended

$683

$1,081

($24,268)

($53,532)

($233,413)

($164,834)

($1,131)

($459)

Basic and Diluted

$0.01

$0.01

($0.30)

($0.66)

($2.90)

($2.04)

($0.01)

($0.01)

Net Income (loss) attributable to
equity shareholders

Per Class A voting and Class B non-
voting share

$1,264

$1,432

($23,923)

($53,523)

($234,817)

($164,337)

($1,118)

($3,694)

Basic
Diluted

$0.01

$0.01

$0.02

$0.02

($0.30)
($0.30)

($0.66)
($0.66)

($2.91)
($2.91)

($2.05)
($2.05)

($0.01)
($0.01)

($0.05)
($0.05)

The summary of quarterly results illustrates the cyclical nature of revenues and operating profit in Star Media Group, Metroland 
Media Group and Digital Ventures.  The second and fourth quarters are generally the strongest with the first and third quarters 
being the softest.  

Restructuring and other charges have also affected the level of net income for several quarters.  Reported on a segmented 
basis, restructuring and other charges were $31.8 million, $6.9 million, $3.7 million and $4.4 million in the first, second, third 
and fourth quarters of 2016 and $3.8 million, $15.9 million, $4.2 million and $7.5 million in the first, second, third and fourth 
quarters of 2015, respectively.  Additionally, losses on impairment of assets (reported on a segmented basis) of $7.5 million
were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2016 and $147.8 million and $213.3 million were recorded in the third and fourth 
quarters of 2015, respectively.

In addition, the second, third and fourth quarters of 2016 included pre-tax recoveries from discontinued operations of $0.5 
million, $0.4 million and $0.5 million respectively, while the first, third and fourth quarters of 2015 included additional pre-tax 
charges related to discontinued operations of $4.0 million, $0.5 million and $1.3 million, all of which related to provisions for 
indemnities in respect of the sale of Harlequin.

14. Reconciliation and Definition of Non-IFRS Measures 
A description and reconciliation of certain non-IFRS and additional IFRS measures used by management 

In  addition  to  operating  profit,  an  additional  IFRS  measure,  as  presented  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income, 
management  uses  the  following  non-IFRS  measures:  segmented  revenue,  adjusted  EBITDA  (and  where  applicable 
segmented adjusted EBITDA), operating earnings (loss) (and where applicable segmented operating earnings (loss)) and 
adjusted  earnings  (loss)  per  share,  as  measures  to  assess  the  consolidated  performance  and  the  performance  of  the 
reporting units and business segments.  

Segmented revenue
Segmented revenue is calculated in the same manner as operating revenue in the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements, 
except that it is calculated using total segment results which includes our proportionately consolidated share of revenues 
from joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope.  Management of each segment is accountable for the revenues, 
including the proportionately consolidated share of revenues from joint venture operations. We believe that segmented 
revenue is a useful measure for investors as it is a measure of the revenues for which management of each segment is 
accountable.  The intent of segmented revenue is to provide additional useful information to investors, analysts and readers 
of our financial statements. The measure does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and accordingly may not 
be comparable to measures used by other companies.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   38

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Adjusted EBITDA/Segmented Adjusted EBITDA 
As a result of the increasing significance of segmented financial results from our investment in VerticalScope relative to our 
total segmented financial results, effective 2016 we have revised our definition of adjusted EBITDA to exclude share based 
compensation.  We made this change because of the relative significance and variability of this non-cash expense in our 
proportionate share of VerticalScope's financial results and we believe that the exclusion of this non-cash expense from 
adjusted EBITDA provides greater insight for investors, analysts and readers in regards to our segmented earnings excluding 
non-cash expenses. We have accordingly restated prior period comparative figures. 

Management believes that adjusted EBITDA is an important proxy for the amount of cash generated by our ongoing operations 
(or by a reporting unit or business segment) to generate liquidity to fund future capital needs and we use this metric for this 
purpose. Adjusted EBITDA is not the actual cash provided by operating activities and is not a recognized measure of financial 
performance  under  IFRS.    We  calculate  adjusted  EBITDA  as  operating  revenue,  less  salaries  and  benefits  and  other 
operating costs, as presented on the consolidated statement of income (loss), and exclude share based compensation, 
restructuring and other charges and impairment of assets.  Share based compensation is eliminated as it is a non-cash 
expense that fluctuates significantly from period to period, in particular for VerticalScope as a result of industry compensation 
practices. Restructuring and other charges and impairment of assets are eliminated as these activities are not related to 
ongoing operations as of the end of the period.  The exclusion of impairment of assets also eliminates the non-cash impact.  
Adjusted EBITDA is also used by investors and analysts for valuation purposes.  The intent of adjusted EBITDA is to provide 
additional useful information to investors, analysts and readers of our financial statements.  The measure does not have 
any standardized meaning under IFRS and accordingly may not be comparable to measures used by other companies 
(including calculating EBITDA on an adjusted basis to exclude restructuring and other charges, impairment of assets and 
share based compensation).  Segmented adjusted EBITDA is calculated in the same manner described above, except that 
it is calculated using total segment results including proportionately consolidated results for joint ventures and our 56% 
interest in VerticalScope for which management is accountable.

Operating earnings (loss)/Segmented operating earnings (loss)
Operating earnings (loss) is used by management to represent the results of ongoing operations inclusive of amortization 
and depreciation.  We use operating earnings (loss) as a measure of the amount of income (loss) generated by our ongoing 
operations (or by a reporting unit or business segment) after giving effect to amortization and depreciation.  We believe this 
metric is also useful for investors for this purpose.  We calculate operating earnings (loss) as operating revenue less salaries 
and benefits, other operating costs, share based compensation and amortization and depreciation.  Operating earnings 
(loss) excludes restructuring and other charges and impairment of assets.  Restructuring and other charges and impairment 
of assets are eliminated as these activities are not related to ongoing operations as of the end of the period.  Our method 
of calculating operating earnings (loss) (including calculating operating earnings (loss) on an adjusted basis to exclude 
restructuring and other charges and impairment of assets) may differ from other companies and accordingly may not be 
comparable to measures used by other companies.  The intent of operating earnings (loss) is to provide additional useful 
information to investors, analysts and readers of our financial statements.  The measure does not have any standardized 
meaning  under  IFRS,  is  not  a  recognized  measure  of  financial  performance  under  IFRS,  and  accordingly  may  not  be 
comparable to measures used by other companies.  Segmented operating earnings (loss) is calculated in the same manner 
described above, except that it is calculated using total segment results including proportionately consolidated operating 
earnings (loss) for joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope for which management is accountable.

The  following  is  a  reconciliation  of  adjusted  EBITDA  and  operating  earnings  (loss)  (and  segmented  adjusted  EBITDA/
segmented operating earnings (loss) - as applicable) with operating profit (loss) (segmented operating profit (loss) - as 
applicable). Adjusted EBITDA, segmented adjusted EBITDA, operating earnings (loss) and segmented operating earnings 
(loss) are regularly reported to the chief operating decision maker and correspond to the definitions used in our historical 
discussions.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   39

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Operating profit (loss)

Add: Restructuring and other charges

Add: Impairment of assets

Operating earnings (loss)

Add: Share based compensation

Add: Amortization and depreciation

Adjusted EBITDA

Operating profit (loss)

Add: Restructuring and other charges

Add: Impairment of assets

Operating earnings (loss)

Add: Share based compensation

Add: Amortization and depreciation

Adjusted EBITDA

Segmented

Per Consolidated Statement of Income

Fourth Quarter  
 2016

Fourth Quarter  
 2015

Fourth Quarter  
 2016

Fourth Quarter  
 2015

$3,490

4,440

7,500

$15,430

918

15,563

$31,911

($233,195)
7,496

213,321
($12,378)
543

37,220

$25,385

$10,262

3,698

800

$14,760

7,349

$22,109

($207,101)

6,655
209,321

$8,875

9,309
$18,184

Segmented

Per Consolidated Statement of Income

Twelve months
ended 
 December 31, 2016

Twelve months
ended 
 December 31, 2015

Twelve months
ended 
 December 31, 2016

Twelve months
ended 
 December 31, 2015

($118,507)
46,907

7,500
($64,100)
2,554

122,024

$60,478

($403,079)
31,310

361,081
($10,688)
2,473

77,511

$69,296

($61,051)
45,823

800
($14,428)

44,020

$29,592

($354,069)

30,223
345,081

$21,235

30,177
$51,412

Adjusted earnings (loss) per share
Adjusted earnings (loss) per share is used by management to represent the per share earnings (loss) of results of our 
ongoing operations (or by a reporting unit or business segment) and is not a recognized measure of financial performance 
under IFRS.  We believe this metric is also useful for investors for this purpose.  We calculate adjusted earnings (loss) per 
share as earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations less the per share effect of restructuring and other charges, 
impairment of assets, non-cash foreign exchange, other income (expense) and change in deferred taxes.  Restructuring 
and other charges and impairment of assets are eliminated as these activities are not related to ongoing operations as of 
the end of the period.  Non-cash foreign exchange, other income (expense) and changes in deferred taxes are eliminated 
as these are not related to routine operating activities.  The intent of presenting adjusted earnings (loss) per share is to 
provide additional useful information to investors, analysts and readers of our financial statements.  Our method of calculating 
adjusted earnings (loss) per share may differ from other companies and accordingly may not be comparable to measures 
used by other companies.  The measure does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS, is not a recognized measure 
of financial performance under IFRS, and accordingly may not be comparable to measures used by other companies.  The 
following is a reconciliation of adjusted earnings per share to earnings per share.

Adjusted earnings (loss) per share
•  Restructuring and other charges
• 
Impairment of assets
•  Non-cash foreign exchange
•  Other income (expense)
•  Change in deferred taxes
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations

Fourth Quarter

Twelve months ended December 31

2016

2015

2016

2015

$0.16

(0.06)

(0.09)

($0.10)

(0.08)

(2.67)

(0.02)

(0.03)

$0.01

($2.90)

($0.46)

(0.58)

(0.09)

0.30

(0.11)

($0.94)

($0.10)

(0.29)

(4.53)

(0.02)

(0.02)

($4.96)

Operating profit (loss)/Segmented operating profit (loss)
Operating profit (loss) is an additional IFRS measure. Management uses operating profit (loss) to measure the results of 
operations inclusive of impairments and restructuring and other charges.  Operating profit (loss) appears in our consolidated 
statement of income (loss).  We believe that operating profit (loss) provides additional useful information to investors, analysts 
and readers of our financial statements.  The measure does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS and accordingly 
may not be comparable to measures used by other companies.  Our method of calculating operating profit (loss) may differ 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   40

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

from other companies and accordingly may not be comparable to measures used by other companies.  Segmented operating 
profit  (loss)  is  calculated  in  the  same  manner  described  above,  except  that  it  is  calculated  using  total  segment  results 
including proportionately consolidated results for joint ventures and our 56% interest in VerticalScope for which management 
is accountable.

15. Enterprise Risk Management 
Enterprise risks and uncertainties Torstar is facing and how we manage these risks 

Definition of Business Risk
We define business risk as the degree of exposure associated with the achievement of key strategic, financial, organizational 
and process objectives in relation to the effectiveness and efficiency of operations, the reliability and integrity of financial 
reporting, compliance with laws, regulations, policies, procedures and contracts and safeguarding of assets within an ethical 
organizational culture.

Our enterprise risks are largely derived from our business environment and are fundamentally linked to our strategies and 
business objectives. We strive to proactively mitigate our risk exposures through performance planning, effective business 
operational management and risk response strategies which can include mitigating, transferring, retaining and/or avoiding 
risks. We also strive to avoid taking on undue risk exposures whenever possible and to ensure alignment of exposures with 
business strategies, objectives, values and risk tolerances.

Section 16 summarizes the principal risks and uncertainties that could affect our future business results. 

Torstar’s Risk and Control Assessment Process
In 2016, we used a multi-level enterprise risk and control assessment process that incorporated the insight of employees 
throughout the organization.

At a high level, during the year, we performed an assessment of key business and strategic risks in order to capture changing 
business risks, monitor key risk mitigation activities and provide ongoing updates and assurance to the Audit Committee.  
This assessment included interviews with senior managers. Additionally, our assessment process incorporated input from 
internal and external audit, internal control over financial reporting compliance activities and risk assessment activities, as 
well as input from other relevant internal and external compliance and audit processes. Key enterprise risks were identified, 
defined and prioritized, and risks were classified into discrete risk categories. 

Lastly, we conducted detailed risk assessments through various compliance activities and risk management initiatives (e.g. 
health and safety, network and IT vulnerability, fraud and ethics assessments and environmental assessments). The results 
of these multiple risk assessments were evaluated, prioritized, updated and integrated into the key risk profile during the 
year.

Board risk governance and oversight
In carrying out the above noted process, we have also ensured that the key risks identified in the key risk matrix were 
assigned for oversight by the Board, or one or more Board committees, as outlined in the Board’s terms of reference and 
Board Committee mandates.  

16. Risks and Uncertainties 
Risks and uncertainties facing our business 

We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those set forth below. A risk is the possibility that an event 
might happen in the future that could have a negative effect on our financial condition, financial performance or our business.  
The actual effect of any event on our business could be materially different from what is anticipated.  The risks described 
below impact some or all of our businesses, including our investment in VerticalScope. This description of risks does not 
include all possible risks.

Revenue Risks
Our revenue is primarily dependent upon the sale of advertising and, to a lesser extent, the distribution of inserts and flyers 
and the generation of circulation/subscription revenue.  Advertising revenue includes in-paper advertising, digital advertising 
and specialty publications.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   41

TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Competition and Digital Shift
There has been a continuing structural shift within the advertising industry from print to digital advertising and, as a result, 
digital media generates significant competition for advertising.  This shift has and will continue to negatively impact print 
advertising revenue and appears to be permanent.  Competition also comes from a variety of other sources such as free 
and  paid  local,  regional  and  national  newspapers,  radio,  broadcast  and  cable  television,  magazines,  outdoor,  direct 
marketing, flyers, directories, and other communications and advertising media.  

In addition, the shift to digital media has resulted in a significant increase in competition from global competitors.  Competitors 
are increasingly larger, may have interests in multiple forms of media and may be more successful in attracting advertising 
revenue. 

Digital competition is not limited to platforms that provide news and news aggregation.  Competitors include but are not 
limited  to  providers  of  search  engine  marketing,  display  advertising,  digital  classifieds,  digital  directories,  social  media, 
mobile  advertising  and  video  advertising.    In  addition,  online  advertising  networks,  exchanges,  real-time  bidding  and 
programmatic buying channels that allow advertisers to target audiences are playing an increasingly significant role in the 
advertising industry.  Our platforms and sites, including those of VerticalScope, face competition for users, readers and 
advertisers. Our existing and potential future digital competitors range from start-up operations with low cost structures to 
global players that may have access to greater operational, financial and other resources than us.  The extent and nature 
of competition has intensified over the past several years as a result of the rapid and continued development of digital media 
alternatives, and this has resulted in the fragmentation of audiences. We expect intense competition to continue.  Advertisers 
also have increased access to data and greater ability to reach customers directly with digital technologies, which may 
contribute to reduced spending on external advertising.  We may not be able to successfully adapt to these rapid changes 
and increasing number of digital media options, to respond as quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in 
consumer behavior as our competitors, or to distinguish our products and services from those of our competitors.

In response to this shift to digital media, we have been investing significant time and resources in our digital platforms to 
evolve our existing products and develop new products, including mobile platforms, video and other evolving content delivery 
platforms. There is a risk that we will be unable to successfully attract or retain users and advertisers with our existing or 
new digital platforms.  Revenue generated by our advertising offerings will depend, to a large extent, on their perceived 
effectiveness and the continued growth in digital advertising.  Thus far, digital advertising revenues have not offset a significant 
portion of lost print advertising revenue and we may not be successful in replacing print revenue declines in the future.  In 
addition, some of our digital platforms are in an early stage of development or implementation and may not achieve profitability.  
We also use third party platforms to distribute some of our content and advertising.  These third parties may discontinue or 
modify their platforms which could restrict access to our content, result in the loss of a direct relationship with consumers, 
and impact our ability to generate revenue through these platforms.  

In addition, our success on mobile platforms depends upon the ability to provide advertising for most mobile connected 
devices, as well as the major operating systems that run on them. The design of mobile devices and operating systems is 
controlled  by  third  parties  with  whom  we  do  not  have  any  formal  relationships. These  parties  frequently  introduce  new 
devices, and from time to time they may introduce new operating systems or modify existing ones.  In addition, these parties 
may also impact the ability to access specified content on mobile devices. If our solutions were unable to work or provide 
advertising on these devices, our ability to generate revenue could be significantly harmed. 

Finally, the use of technology to restrict or block the targeting or display of advertising by device manufacturers, network 
carriers or consumers could increase, and this may have an adverse impact on our ability to provide advertising inventory 
and attract advertisers to our platforms.

Content, Audience and Readership 
Advertisers often base their decisions about where to advertise on readership and circulation data.  Print readership levels, 
in addition to generating circulation/subscription revenues, have traditionally been an important factor in the ability of a 
newspaper  to  generate  advertising  revenues.    General  trends  affecting  the  newspaper  industry,  including  changes  in 
everyday lifestyle and technology have meant that people, and particularly younger audiences are devoting less time to 
reading print newspapers than they once did and as a result print newspaper readership is aging.  If these or other trends 
continue to result in declining print circulation, circulation revenues and the ability to maintain advertising rates may be 
adversely affected.  While digital readership appears to be an important factor in the ability of a newspaper to generate 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

digital advertising revenue, it may have a negative impact on print circulation/subscription volumes and revenues and also 
on readership.  

Our reputation for quality journalism and content is an important factor in maintaining readership levels.  We strive to provide 
content across numerous platforms that is perceived as reliable, relevant and entertaining by readers and advertisers.  Public 
preferences and tastes, general economic conditions, the availability of alternative sources of and platforms for content and 
the newsworthiness of current events, among other intangible factors, may also contribute to the fluctuation in readership 
levels, and accordingly, limit our ability to generate advertising and circulation/subscription revenue.

Digital readership and traffic levels are a key driver of how digital advertisers base their decisions about where to advertise 
digitally.  In order to be successful, we need to generate traffic on our digital platforms that is valuable to advertisers. With 
the increase in alternative digital content providers and digital platforms, we face the risk that we may not be able to sufficiently 
attract and retain a base of frequent and engaged visitors to our digital platforms.  This is particularly important for certain 
of our platforms, including those of VerticalScope, that rely on user generated content and forum discussions.  If usage is 
insufficient or if we do not meet advertisers’ expectations by delivering quality traffic, we may not be able to create enough 
advertiser interest in our digital platforms, or our advertising partners may pay less or cease doing business with us altogether. 
We may incur additional costs to attract readers and increase our platform usage and we may not be able to recover these 
costs through advertising revenues.  In addition, certain new and evolving content delivery platforms may present more 
limited opportunities for advertising.

The reputation of our digital platforms is an important factor in growing and maintaining traffic and generating advertising 
revenue.  Advertisers’ perceptions of the attractiveness of the content on our digital platforms, including in some cases user 
generated content and forum discussions, will impact our ability to generate advertising revenue.  Public preferences and 
tastes, general economic conditions, the availability of alternative sources of and platforms for content and forum discussions 
may also contribute to the fluctuation in traffic levels, and accordingly, limit our ability to generate advertising revenue.  To 
some degree, our traffic levels are dependent on internet search engines and our ability to influence search engine rankings 
as we depend in part on various internet search engines to direct traffic to our platforms and properties.  Our ability to 
influence search engine rankings of platforms and properties through search engine optimization efforts is limited.  Changes 
by internet search engines in their algorithms could cause us to receive less user traffic. 

Economic Conditions and Customer Prospects
Advertising revenue in our newspapers and digital platforms is dependent on the prospects of our advertising customers, 
which can be affected by a variety of factors, including prevailing economic conditions and the level of consumer confidence.  
Adverse economic conditions generally, and economic weakness and uncertainty have had and may continue to have a 
negative impact on the advertising industry and on our operations.  Certain of our local and national advertisers operate in 
industries  that  are  sensitive  to  adverse  economic  conditions  and  are  subject  to  increasing  competition,  including  car 
manufacturers and dealers, home builders, financial services, telecommunications, travel, department and grocery stores 
and other retailers and a downturn that impacts any of these industries could also have an adverse impact on Torstar’s 
revenue.  In addition, a change in an advertiser’s individual business, prospects or competitive position could alter their 
spending priorities and impact their advertising budgets, which could have an adverse effect on our revenue. 

Cost Structure 
Our Metroland Media Group and Star Media Group segments are characterized by a relatively high fixed cost structure and 
accordingly, a change in revenue could have a disproportionately negative effect on our financial performance.  Over the 
last several years, we have reduced costs in a number of ways including by reducing staff and outsourcing certain services.  
It is becoming increasingly difficult to continue to reduce costs from current levels.  Our ability to achieve cost savings may 
be impacted by the level of unionization at our newspaper operations, existing third-party suppliers and service providers 
and our ability to outsource additional components of our business operations in the future (see “Dependence on Third-
Party Suppliers and Service Providers” below).  In addition, reductions in staff and cost control measures may impact our 
ability to attract and retain key employees (see “Dependence on Key Personnel” below). 

Loss of Reputation 
Our customers, shareholders and employees place considerable reliance on our good reputation, including our significant 
businesses and brands and our ability to maintain our existing customer relationships and generate new customers depends 
greatly on this reputation.  The Toronto Star’s reputation for high-quality journalism and content makes this brand a key 
asset and its continued success depends in part on our ongoing ability to preserve and leverage the value of this brand.  
Our ability to preserve and leverage the value of Metroland Media Group’s brands, VerticalScope’s brands and other brands 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

is also important to our success.  In addition, as we outsource services and develop brand extensions, we may work with 
third party service providers or vendors whose actions could impact our reputation and the value of our brands.  The loss 
or tarnishing of our reputation through negative publicity or otherwise, whether true or not, could have an adverse impact 
on our business, operations or financial condition. 

Dependence on Third-Party Suppliers and Service Providers  
We  rely  on  third-party  suppliers  and  service  providers  for  certain  key  services  including  distribution,  printing  (including 
printing of the Toronto Star), call center services, certain information technology functions and digital publishing platforms, 
including cloud computing and storage and certain page production, advertising production and sales, content delivery and 
content supply requirements.  In addition, we may outsource additional components of our business operations in the future.  
Our business or operations could be interrupted or otherwise adversely impacted by our third-party suppliers and service 
providers experiencing business difficulties or interruptions, the suppliers or service providers being unable or unwilling to 
provide services as anticipated or by our being unable to transition to, integrate with or effectively utilize the services of the 
third-party suppliers and service providers.  In such event, we may be unable to find alternate service providers in a timely 
and efficient manner and on acceptable terms, if at all.  In addition, delays in delivery or other service disruptions could have 
a negative impact on our subscriber base and our ability to generate revenue.

Reliance on Technology and Information Systems and Risk of Security Breaches
We  place  considerable  reliance  upon  technology  and  information  systems  ("IT"),  including  those  of  third  party  service 
providers, throughout our operations, including for digital platforms, content delivery, payment processing, email, back-office 
support,  software  provision  and  other  functions.    Our  businesses  also  collect,  use  and  store  sensitive  data,  including 
intellectual property, employee information, business information and personal information (including internal information 
and information from customers, users of our digital platforms or services, suppliers and business partners).  The continuing, 
uninterrupted and secure performance of our systems is critical to our businesses.  We have a steering committee in place 
which oversees technology and information systems security and we provide periodic reports to the Audit Committee.  We 
constantly re-assess our IT security threat landscape and its impact on our risk exposure.  Emerging and existing cyber 
risks are mitigated through our continuous monitoring program, implementation of advanced technology based defense 
systems  and  administrative  controls  which  include  entity  wide  security  policies  and  procedures.    Despite  our  security 
measures and those of our third-party service providers, our systems and those of our service providers may be vulnerable 
to  interruption,  damage  or  failure  from  loss  of  power,  hacking  or  other  unauthorized  access,  viruses,  worms  or  other 
destructive or disruptive software, process breakdowns, human error, denial of service attacks, advanced persistent threats, 
malicious social engineering or other similar events. This could compromise our systems and the information we store could 
be accessed, corrupted, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen.  

Businesses in general have seen a rise in cyberattacks (including by state-sponsored and criminal organizations and other 
individuals and groups) and as a result risks associated with these kinds of attacks continue to increase.  While we have 
implemented controls and taken other preventative actions to protect our systems against attacks, we can give no assurance 
that these controls and preventative actions will be effective or that the systems of its service providers will be adequately 
protected. 

The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on our operations and revenues, including through a 
disruption of our services or disclosure of personal or confidential information, which could harm our reputation, require us 
to expend resources to remedy such a breach or defend against further attacks, subject us to litigation, fines or liability 
including under privacy or other applicable laws or divert management’s attention and resources.  In addition, protecting 
against these events is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change.  The techniques used 
to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and are becoming more 
sophisticated, and consequently we and our service providers may be unable to anticipate, prevent, identify or adequately 
remediate such incidents.  Our general liability insurance may not cover these risks and consequently we could be required 
to expend significant resources in connection with any costs, liabilities or losses that may be incurred.

Employee Future Benefits
Relative to our size, and when compared to other companies, we have large pension liabilities, funding requirements and 
costs.  The funded status of our defined benefit pension plans and our contribution obligations may be impacted by many 
factors, including changes to pension laws, regulations and interpretations thereof, changes to benefits provided to plan 
participants,  changes  to  actuarial  assumptions  and  methods,  changes  in  participant  demographics,  mortality,  plan 
experience, changes to the discount rate used to determine our contribution obligations and the rate of return on plan assets. 
Changes to any of the foregoing factors could produce further underfunding in our defined benefit pension plans as well as 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

increases to the net pension cost in subsequent financial years that could require increased funding contributions to those 
plans, which could have an adverse effect on our cash flows, liquidity and financial condition. 

The most significant group of our registered defined benefit pension plans (in terms of assets and obligations) completed 
the preparation of actuarial reports as of December 31, 2013.  While the required funding resulting from these reports should 
not change until 2018, there is no guarantee that the funding requirements beyond 2017 will not increase.  

In addition to the registered defined benefit pension plans, we also have an unregistered, unfunded defined benefit pension 
plan that provides pension benefits to eligible senior management executives and a post-employment benefits plan that 
provides health and life insurance benefits to certain grandfathered employees.  These plans are being funded as payments 
are made.  The liabilities associated with these plans may be affected by several factors, including changes to benefits 
provided to plan participants, changes to actuarial assumptions and methods, changes in participant demographics and 
plan experience, and the discount rate used to assess plan obligations. 

Strategic Initiatives, Acquisitions and Dispositions
Our growth, including growth of our investment in VerticalScope, is dependent on the ability to identify, develop and execute 
appropriate strategic initiatives, which may involve organic growth, growth through acquisition or investment. Acquisitions 
and investments involve numerous risks, such as: difficulties in integrating operations, technologies, products and personnel; 
diversion of financial and management resources from existing operations; operating under commercial agreements entered 
into by an acquisition target; risks of entering new markets; potential loss of key employees; and inability to generate sufficient 
revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs.

There is no guarantee that any such opportunities will be available to us or that they will be available at an appropriate price.  
The implementation of our strategic initiatives is subject to the risks affecting our businesses generally, the risks associated 
with identifying and implementing new strategies and the risks associated with acquisitions, investments or expansions. 
Strategic initiatives may not successfully generate revenues or improve operating profit and, if they do, it may take longer 
or cost more than anticipated.  In addition, there is no assurance that the implementation or integration of any strategic 
initiative, acquisition or expansion will be successful.    

Unexpected Costs or Liabilities Related to Acquisitions and Dispositions
From time to time, we may make acquisitions or sell certain investments, subsidiaries, real property and other assets and 
these transactions may affect our costs, revenues, profitability and financial position. Transaction agreements may provide 
for  certain  post-closing  adjustments  and  indemnities  or  the  assumption  of  certain  liabilities  and  we  may  be  subject  to 
unexpected costs or liabilities in connection with such transactions.  For example, we may have, or may be required to 
provide representations, warranties and/or indemnities to third party purchasers which may expose us to costs or liabilities 
for breaches of representations and warranties or indemnity claims including as a result of unexpected or unknown changes.

Investments in Other Businesses
We hold investments in businesses that we do not hold a controlling interest in and/or in which we do not exercise control 
over the management, strategic direction or daily operations.

Labour Disruptions 
We have a number of collective agreements at our newspaper operations that have historically tied annual wage increases 
to the cost of living.  The newspapers face the risk associated with future labour negotiations and the potential for business 
interruption should a strike, lockout or other labour disruption occur.  Such a disruption may lead to lost revenues and could 
have an adverse effect on our business.  

The Toronto Star has approximately 210 staff at One Yonge Street covered by a collective agreement which expires December 
31, 2018. 

Sing Tao has two collective agreements covering approximately 60 employees that expires in December 2018.  Metro’s 
Toronto operations have a collective agreement covering approximately 110 employees that will expire in March 2018.  

Metroland Media Group has a total of 20 collective agreements covering approximately 600 employees.  There are ten 
collective agreements covering approximately 205 employees within the community newspapers.  Negotiations have begun 
for  three  agreements  covering  approximately  35  employees  which  expired  in  November  2016  and  for  two  agreements 
covering approximately 115 employees which expired in December 2016.  Three agreements covering approximately 35 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

employees will expire in December 2017 and two agreements covering approximately 20 employees will expire in August 
2018.

At the Metroland Media Group daily newspapers, there are nine agreements covering approximately 395 employees. One 
agreement covering approximately 65 employees at the Hamilton Spectator and four agreements covering approximately 
85 employees at the Waterloo Region Record will expire in December 2017.  Two agreements covering approximately 155 
employees at the Hamilton Spectator will expire at the end of December 2018.  Two agreements covering approximately 
90 employees at the Hamilton Spectator will expire at the end of May 2019.

Reliance on Printing Operations 
Our newspaper operations place considerable reliance on the functioning of printing operations for the printing of our various 
publications.  We transitioned printing of the Toronto Star in 2016 to Transcontinental following the closure of the Toronto 
Star's Vaughan Printing Facility.  In the event that any of our print facilities or third party contracted print facilities experience 
a shutdown or disruption, we and/or the third party printer will attempt to mitigate potential damage by shifting the printing 
to our remaining facilities or outsourcing such work to a third party commercial printer.  However, given our reliance on such 
facilities, such a shutdown or disruption could result in being unable to print or distribute some publications, and consequently 
could have an adverse effect.  See also the risks and uncertainties described above related to “Dependence on Third-Party 
Suppliers and Service Providers”.

Newsprint Costs
Newsprint is the single largest raw material expense for our newspaper operations and represents approximately 12% of 
total operating costs for 2016. Newsprint is priced as a commodity with the price varying widely from time to time.   

We could face a risk in supply of newsprint and/or increased prices as a result of a reduction in the number of suppliers 
(due to financial instability, restructuring or consolidation) or as a result of mill closures and/or changes in grades and types 
of newsprint supplied. Volatility in the price of newsprint may also be caused by other factors influencing supplier profitability 
including increased raw material and energy costs.  We primarily source newsprint from three main suppliers.  For 2017, 
we have fixed the cost of newsprint with two of our suppliers and have negotiated a pricing band with our third supplier.  
Newsprint  prices  are  currently  expected  to  be  somewhat  higher  than  what  we  experienced  in  2016.  There  can  be  no 
assurance that we will be able to extend these arrangements in future years or that we will not be exposed in the future to 
volatile or increased newsprint costs which could have an adverse effect on our financial performance.

Litigation 
We are involved in various legal actions, which arise in the ordinary course of business.  These actions include the litigation 
as described in Note 17 to our 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements and under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in our 
most  recent Annual  Information  Form.    In  particular,  given  the  nature  of  our  businesses,  we  have  had,  and  may  have, 
litigation claims filed which are related to the publication of our editorial and other content, copyright or trademark infringement, 
privacy,  electronic  communications  and  anti-spam,  personal  injury,  product  liability,  breach  of  contract,  misleading 
advertising, unfair competition or other legal claims.  We may also be exposed to potential liability in connection with the 
sale and promotion of products through the product business that was previously operated by Metroland Media Group 
(including claims from purchasers, distributors, regulators and law enforcement) which could include claims for personal 
injury, wrongful death, damage to personal property, claims relating to misrepresentation of product features and benefits 
or violation of applicable laws.  Although we maintain insurance for many of these types of claims, there can be no assurance 
that insurance will be available for all such claims.  In addition, there can be no assurance as to the outcome of any future 
litigation, proceedings or investigations or that the outcome will not be adverse nor have a negative impact on our results.  
We could incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims, even if ultimately found not to be liable.

Government Regulations

General
Our  businesses  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  laws  and  regulations,  including  laws  applicable  generally  to  business  and 
environmental, privacy, anti-spam, communications and e-commerce laws.  We may also be notified from time to time of 
additional laws and regulations which governmental organizations or others may claim should be applicable to certain of 
our businesses. If we are required to alter our business practices as a result of any laws and regulations, revenue could 
decrease, costs could increase and/or certain of our businesses could otherwise be harmed.  In addition, the costs and 
expenses  associated  with  defending  any  actions  related  to  such  additional  laws  and  regulations,  the  diversion  of 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

management’s attention and resources and any payments of related penalties, judgements or settlements could adversely 
impact certain of our businesses.

E-Commerce, Privacy and Confidential Information
Laws relating to privacy, anti-spam, communications, data protection, e-commerce, direct marketing and digital advertising 
and use of public records have become more prevalent in recent years.  Legislation and regulations, including changes to 
the manner in which such legislation and regulations are interpreted and enforced by regulators and courts in Canada and 
other jurisdictions, may impose limits on the collection and use of certain kinds of information, including without limitation 
online and mobile analytics, profiling data, geo-location data and data collected in the course of online behavioural advertising, 
and the distribution of certain communications.  In addition, the costs of compliance and/or non-compliance with industry 
or legislative initiatives to address consumer protection concerns or other related issues such as copyright infringement, 
unsolicited communications and computer programs, invasion of privacy, privacy breaches and breach notification, cyber-
crime and access could adversely impact our businesses.  

In connection with many of our businesses, we routinely obtain personal and confidential information relating to our customers 
and users of our digital platforms or services, which may include potentially sensitive personal information.  Our practices 
involving collection, use, disclosure and retention of personal information continue to evolve in light of changes in information 
technology and analytics technology and services.  The potential misuse or inadvertent or unauthorized dissemination of 
such information could violate applicable laws, cause damage to our relationships with our customers or others, cause 
damage to our brands and reputation, impair our ability to attract and retain our audiences, or result in legal or regulatory 
actions.  See also the risks and uncertainties described above related to “Reliance on Technology and Information Systems 
and Risk of Security Breaches”.

Environmental and Health and Safety 
We are subject to a variety of environmental, health and safety laws concerning, among other things, emissions to the air, 
water and sewer discharges, handling and disposal of wastes, recycling, the use of recycled materials, or otherwise relating 
to the protection of the environment and employee health and safety.  Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations 
have become increasingly stringent, and such laws and regulations are expected to continue to change.  While we have 
an environmental policy, an environmental committee and health and safety policies and committees in place to assist in 
monitoring compliance with applicable legislation, there can be no assurance that all applicable liabilities have been identified 
or that additional expenditures will not be required to meet current or future legislation.  Compliance with existing and new 
environmental, health and safety laws and regulations may subject us to unexpected costs and a failure to comply with 
present or future laws or regulations could result in fines, civil or criminal sanctions, third-party claims or other costs, including 
costs or expenses required to modify existing business processes.

Foreign Exchange Fluctuations and Foreign Operations
Our investment in VerticalScope is denominated in U.S. dollars, VerticalScope’s functional currency. To offset the exposure 
to Torstar’s U.S. dollar investment in VerticalScope, we have entered into forward foreign exchange collar contracts to sell 
U.S. dollars.  As a result, our cash flows and operating results may be affected by changes in the value of the Canadian 
dollar relative to the U.S. dollar (See additional information on foreign exchange risks in Section 7 of this MD&A and in Note 
15 to our 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements).  In addition, predominantly all of VerticalScope’s revenues (approximately 
5% of Torstar’s 2016 segmented operating revenues) are earned in U.S. dollars.  As a result, Torstar’s share of VerticalScope’s 
revenues and operating earnings are affected by changes in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar.  

In addition, exclusive of our interest in VerticalScope, certain of our revenues, expenses and monetary assets and liabilities 
are denominated in currencies other than the Canadian dollar, largely the U.S. dollar.  To the extent that the value of the 
Canadian  dollar  changes  relative  to  the  applicable  foreign  currencies,  this  will  result  in  a  foreign  currency  gain  or  loss 
reflected in our earnings. 

Over the past few years, the Canadian currency has become increasingly volatile and may retain the same or higher levels 
of volatility in the coming years. To the extent that this continues, such volatility may be reflected in our operating results in 
the form of additional costs and reduced revenues.

Availability of Insurance
We have insurance, including media liability, property and casualty and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, in place 
to address certain material insurable risks.  Such insurance is subject to certain coverage limits, exclusions and deductibles 
that we believe are reasonable given the cost of procuring insurance.  There is no assurance that such insurance will continue 

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

to be available on an economically feasible basis, that all events that could give rise to a loss or liability are insurable or 
insured, that amounts owing from insurers will be collected or that the insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover every 
material loss or claim that may occur involving our operations or assets. 

Dependence on Key Personnel 
We are dependent to a large extent upon the continued services of our senior management team and other key employees 
such as editorial, digital, sales and technical personnel, and including key employees of companies we invest in such as 
VerticalScope.  There is intense competition for qualified managers and skilled employees and our failure to recruit, train 
and retain such employees could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. 

Intellectual Property Rights
We place considerable importance on the protection of our intellectual property rights. Our businesses generate a significant 
volume of content every day, including text, photographs, images, graphics and interactive content such as third-party posts 
and links.  On occasion, third parties may infringe upon our rights and changes and advancements in technology and the 
wide dissemination of content have made the enforcement of intellectual property rights more challenging.  In addition, third 
parties may contest our intellectual property rights and there is a risk that some of the content we generate may be defamatory 
or infringing, and that content generated by users of our platforms and services may be defamatory or infringing.  There 
can be no assurance that our actions will be adequate to prevent the infringement of our intellectual property rights, or 
protect us against claims by third parties.  If third parties were to contest the validity or scope of our intellectual property 
rights or to allege violation of their rights, such challenges could result in the limitation or loss of intellectual property rights 
and other damages and regardless of their validity, such claims could cause us to incur significant costs in investigating 
and defending such claims and have a negative impact on our results.  See also the risks and uncertainties described above 
related to “Litigation”.

Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of our financial loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial asset fails to meet its contractual 
obligations. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to credit risk for accounts receivable from our customers 
and counterparties holding cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and derivatives.

While we apply a prudent approach to the granting of credit to customers, the collectability of accounts receivable could 
deteriorate to a greater extent than provided for in our 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements. Accounts receivable are 
carried at net realizable value and the allowance for doubtful accounts has been determined based on several factors, 
including the aging of accounts receivable, evaluation of significant individual credit risk accounts and historical experience. 
If such collectability estimates prove inaccurate, adverse adjustments to future operating results could occur and could be 
material. 

Our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and derivative instruments are held with Canadian chartered banks.  While 
we regularly review the financial condition of these counterparties, a failure of a counterparty could adversely affect our 
consolidated financial condition.

Availability of Capital and Restrictions Imposed by Credit Facilities 
If internal funds are not available from our operations, we may be required to raise additional financing through public or 
private  equity  or  debt  financings,  or  other  arrangements  with  corporate  sources  or  other  sources  of  financing  to  fund 
operations and meet our financial commitments. However, there is no assurance that additional funding, if required, will be 
available to us in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.  

We may from time to time, enter into agreements for additional financing, including agreements in respect of credit facilities. 
Such agreements may impose a number of restrictions on us including but not limited to restrictions on certain distributions 
as well as compliance with certain financial covenants and compliance with other affirmative and negative covenants.

In addition, the agreement governing certain indebtedness of VerticalScope imposes a number of restrictions and includes 
restrictions on certain distributions.  The agreement also requires compliance with certain financial covenants and compliance 
with other affirmative and negative covenants.  

These restrictions may limit flexibility in planning for and reacting to business or industry changes and strategic objectives 
and may make us more vulnerable to adverse economic and industry conditions.

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TORSTAR – Management's Discussion and Analysis

Income Tax and Other Taxes 
We collect, pay and accrue income and other taxes. We have also recorded significant amounts of deferred income tax 
liabilities and current income tax expense, and calculated these amounts based on substantively enacted income tax rates 
in effect at the relevant time. A legislative change in these rates could have a material impact on the amounts recorded and 
payable in the future. 

We have also recorded the benefit of income and other tax positions based on estimates, using accounting principles that 
recognize the benefit of income tax positions when it is more likely than not that the ultimate determination of the tax treatment 
of a position will result in the related benefit being realized. The assessment of the likelihood and amount of income tax 
benefits, as well as the timing of realization of such amounts, can materially affect the determination of net income or cash 
flows.

While we believe that we have paid and provided for adequate amounts of tax, significant judgement is required in interpreting 
tax legislation and regulations in relation to our businesses. Our tax filings are subject to audit by the relevant government 
revenue authorities and the results of the government audit could materially change the amount of our actual income tax 
expense, income taxes payable or receivable, other taxes payable or receivable and deferred income tax assets or liabilities 
and could, in certain circumstances, result in an assessment of interest and penalties.

Dividends
Decisions on the declaration and payment of dividends are made on a quarterly basis by our Board of Directors based on 
our overall financial performance and cash flow outlook.   There is no guarantee that dividends will be declared or that we 
will continue to make dividend payments at the current level.

Impairment 
Economic, market, legal, regulatory, competitive, customer, contractual and other factors may affect the value of our long-
lived assets, intangible assets, investments and goodwill. If any of these factors impair the value of these assets, IFRS 
requires that we reduce their carrying value and recognize an impairment charge. This would reduce our reported assets 
and earnings in the year the impairment charge is recognized.

Holding Company Structure 
We have no material sources of income or assets, other than the interests that we hold in our subsidiaries, joint arrangements 
and other entities.  As a holding company, our ability to meet our financial obligations is dependent primarily upon the receipt 
of cash dividends, interest and principal payments on intercompany advances, and other payments and distributions from 
our subsidiaries, joint arrangements and other entities in which we have an interest together with proceeds we raise through 
the issuance of equity and the incurrence of debt, and from proceeds received on the sale of assets.  The payment of 
dividends and other amounts by our subsidiaries, joint arrangements and other entities in which we have an interest may 
be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions, are contingent upon the earnings of those entities and are subject to 
various business and other considerations.  

Control of Torstar by the Voting Trust
Almost 99% of our Class A shares are held in a Voting Trust pursuant to a Voting Trust Agreement, which joins together 
seven groups of shareholders. Under the Voting Trust Agreement, each shareholder group is entitled to appoint a Voting 
Trustee.  The Voting Trustees exercise various powers and rights, including among others the right to vote in the manner 
as determined by a majority of the Voting Trustees, all of the Class A shares of Torstar held by the members of the Voting 
Trust.  The Class A shares are the only class of issued shares carrying the right to vote in all circumstances. Accordingly, 
the Voting Trust, through a single ballot, effectively elects the Torstar Board of Directors and controls the vote on all matters 
submitted to a vote of shareholders of Torstar.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   49

N OT E S

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      50

2016_TORSTAR AR.indd   50

2017-03-07   3:47 PM

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements – Contents

Management’s Report on Responsibility for Financial Reporting

Independent Auditor’s Report

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Loss

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Notes to the 2016 Consolidated Financial Statements:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Corporate Information

Significant Accounting Policies

Segmented Information

Investments In Subsidiaries

Restricted Cash

Inventories

Investments In Joint Ventures

Investments In Associated Businesses

Property, Plant And Equipment

Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Impairment Of Assets

Other Assets

Income Taxes

Financial Instruments

Capital Management

Provisions

Other Liabilities

Employee Benefits

Share Capital

Share-Based Compensation Plans

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Other Income (Expense)

Discontinued Operations

Other Non-Cash Items Provided By (Used In) Operating Activities

Acquisitions And Portfolio Investments

Commitments And Contingencies

Related Party Transactions

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   51

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52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

59

74

76

77

77

77

78

81

82

83

83

85

85

88

91

92

93

93

99

101

103

104

104

105

105

106

107

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management is responsible for preparation of the consolidated financial statements, notes hereto and other financial 
information contained in this annual report.  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity 
with International Financial Reporting Standards using the best estimates and judgements of management, where 
appropriate.  Information presented elsewhere in this annual report is consistent with that in the consolidated financial 
statements.

Management  is  also  responsible  for  maintaining  a  system  of  internal  control  designed  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance  that  assets  are  safeguarded  and  that  accounting  systems  provide  timely,  accurate  and  reliable 
information.

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that management fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting 
and internal control.  The Board is assisted in exercising its responsibilities by the Audit Committee of the Board. 
The Committee meets quarterly with management and the internal and external auditors, and separately with the 
internal and external auditors, to satisfy itself that management’s responsibilities are properly discharged, and to 
discuss  accounting  and  auditing  matters.    The  Committee  reviews  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and 
recommends approval of the consolidated financial statements to the Board.

The internal and external auditors have full and unrestricted access to the Audit Committee to discuss their audits 
and their related findings as to the integrity of the financial reporting process.

David P. Holland 
President and Chief Executive Officer   
February 28, 2017

Lorenzo DeMarchi
Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   52

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Torstar Corporation 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of Torstar  Corporation,  which  comprise  the 
consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated statements of 
loss, comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation  and fair presentation  of these consolidated financial statements in 
accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  management 
determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ responsibility 
Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  these  consolidated  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.    We 
conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards.  Those standards require 
that  we  comply  with  ethical  requirements  and  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about 
whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

An  audit  involves  performing  procedures  to  obtain  audit  evidence  about  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the 
consolidated  financial  statements.    The  procedures  selected  depend  on  the  auditors’  judgment,  including  the 
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or 
error.  In making those risk assessments, the auditors consider internal control relevant to the entity's preparation and 
fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in 
the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control.  
An  audit  also  includes  evaluating  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of 
accounting  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our audit opinion. 

Opinion 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
Torstar Corporation as at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years 
then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Toronto, Canada 
February 28, 2017 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Torstar Corporation
Consolidated  Statement  of  Financial  Position
(Thousands of Canadian Dollars)

As at
December 31, 2016

As at
December 31, 2015

Assets

Current:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash (note 5)
Receivables (note 15)
Inventories (note 6)
Prepaid expenses
Prepaid and recoverable income taxes
Total current assets

Investments in joint ventures (note 7)
Investments in associated businesses (note 8)
Property, plant and equipment (note 9)
Intangible assets (note 10)
Goodwill (note 11)
Other assets (note 13)
Employee benefits (note 19)
Deferred income tax assets (note 14)
Total assets
Liabilities and Equity

Current:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 15)
Derivative financial instruments (note 15)
Provisions (note 17)
Income tax payable
Total current liabilities

Provisions (note 17)
Other liabilities (note 18)
Employee benefits (note 19)
Deferred income tax liabilities (note 14)
Equity:

Share capital (note 20)
Contributed surplus
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive income (note 22)
Total equity attributable to equity shareholders
Minority interests

Total equity
Total liabilities and equity
(see accompanying notes)

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD

$75,374
11,847
116,487
4,829
4,467
9,271
222,275
27,463
157,897
61,969
55,945
8,133
12,414
7,073
11,322
$564,491

$101,133
472
28,473
7,212
137,290
11,104
7,616
77,407
4,904

402,814
20,797
(102,599)
5,176
326,188
(18)
326,170
$564,491

$35,141
37,935
144,997
6,231
5,944
5,780
236,028
32,861
202,203
117,793
67,821
8,133
9,422
6,922
15,233
$696,416

$122,296
6,543
29,021
5,943
163,803
13,228
9,872
87,461
2,315

402,500
19,858
(7,560)
3,121
417,919
1,818
419,737
$696,416

John Honderich 
Director 

      Paul Weiss
      Director

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Torstar  Corporation
Consolidated  Statement  of  Loss
(Thousands of Canadian Dollars except per share amounts)

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Amortization and depreciation (notes 9 and 10)

Restructuring and other charges (note 17)

Impairment of assets (note 12)

Operating loss

Interest and financing costs (note 15)

Foreign exchange

Loss from joint ventures (note 7)

Loss from associated businesses (note 8)

Other income (expense) (note 23)

Income and other taxes recovery (note 14)

Net loss from continuing operations

Income (loss) from discontinued operations (note 24)

Net loss

Attributable to:

Equity shareholders

Minority interests

Net Loss attributable to equity shareholders per Class A (voting) and Class

B (non-voting) share (note 20(c)):

Basic and Diluted:

From continuing operations

From discontinued operations

(see accompanying notes)

Year ended December 31

2016

2015

$685,099

$786,631

(299,315)

(356,192)

(44,020)

(45,823)

(800)

(61,051)

(3,080)

298

(5,532)

(34,919)

24,348

(79,936)

3,900

(76,036)

1,200

(341,824)

(393,395)

(30,177)

(30,223)

(345,081)

(354,069)

(2,046)

(1,022)

(14,170)

(28,993)

(1,837)

(402,137)

2,300

(399,837)

(5,000)

($74,836)

($404,837)

($74,750)

($403,966)

($86)

($871)

($0.94)

$0.01

($0.93)

($4.96)

($0.06)

($5.02)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   55

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Torstar  Corporation
Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Loss
(Thousands of Canadian Dollars)

Net loss

Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) that are or may be reclassified

subsequently to net income (loss):

Year ended December 31

2016

2015

($74,836)

($404,837)

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment  (“CTA”) (no income tax effect)

27

(19)

Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment for associated businesses (no

income tax effect) (note 8)

(5,459)

10,780

Net movement on available-for-sale financial assets

Income tax effect

Unrealized gain (loss) on hedge of net investment

Income tax effect

OCI that will not be reclassified subsequently to net income (loss):

Actuarial loss on employee benefits (note 19)

Income tax effect

Reduction in carrying amount of deferred income tax assets (note 14)

Actuarial loss on employee benefits for associated businesses (no income tax

effect) (note 8)

Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax

Comprehensive loss, net of tax
Attributable to:

Equity shareholders
Minority interests

(see accompanying notes)

2,910

(400)

5,777

(800)

2,055

(1,734)

(1,726)

(3,460)
($1,405)

346

(9,307)

1,300

3,100

(3,417)

900

(6,000)

(588)

(9,105)
($6,005)

($76,241)

($410,842)

($76,155)
($86)

($409,971)
($871)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   56

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Torstar  Corporation
Consolidated  Statement  of  Changes  in  Equity
(Thousands of Canadian Dollars)

Share
capital

Contributed
surplus

Retained
earnings
(accumulated
deficit)

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
(“AOCI”)

Total
attributable to
equity
shareholders

Minority
interests Total  equity

At December 31, 2014

$400,577

$18,708

$447,725

$21

$867,031

$2,689

$869,720

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive

income (loss)

Total comprehensive

income (loss)

Dividends (note 20)

Exercise of share options

(note 20)

Issue of share capital –

other (note 20)

Share-based

compensation expense

682

473

768

(79)

1,229

(403,966)

(403,966)

(871)

(404,837)

(9,105)

3,100

(6,005)

(6,005)

(413,071)

3,100

(409,971)

(871)

(410,842)

(42,214)

(41,532)

(41,532)

394

768

1,229

394

768

1,229

At December 31, 2015

$402,500

$19,858

($7,560)

$3,121

$417,919

$1,818

$419,737

Net loss for the year

Other comprehensive

income (loss)

Total comprehensive

income (loss)

Dividends (note 20)

Issue of share capital –

other (note 20)

Share of associate paid in

capital (note 8)

Share-based

compensation expense

Distribution

168

146

(74,750)

(74,750)

(86)

(74,836)

(3,460)

2,055

(1,405)

(1,405)

(78,210)

2,055

(76,155)

(86)

(76,241)

(14,514)

(14,346)

(14,346)

(2,315)

939

146

(2,315)

939

146

(2,315)

939

(1,750)

(1,750)

At December 31, 2016

$402,814

$20,797

($102,599)

$5,176

$326,188

($18)

$326,170

(see accompanying notes)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   57

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Torstar  Corporation
Consolidated  Statement  of Cash  Flows
(Thousands of Canadian Dollars)

Year ended December 31
2015
2016

Cash was provided by (used in)

Operating activities

Investing activities
Financing activities

Increase (decrease) in cash
Cash, beginning of year

Cash, end of year

Operating activities:

Net loss from continuing operations

Amortization and depreciation (notes 9 and 10)
Deferred income taxes (note 14)
Loss from joint ventures (note 7)
Distributions from joint ventures (note 7)
Loss from associated businesses (note 8)
Dividend from associated businesses (note 8)
Impairment of assets (note 12)
Non-cash employee benefit expense (note 19)
Employee benefits funding (note 19)
Gain on sale of assets (note 23)
Other (note 25)

Decrease in restricted cash (note 5)
Decrease in non-cash working capital

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Investing activities:

Additions to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

Investment in associated businesses (note 8)
Investment in joint ventures (note 7)
Return of capital from associated business (note 8)
Acquisitions and portfolio investments (note 26)
Receipt of escrowed cash from the sale of Harlequin (note 5)
Proceeds from sale of assets (note 23)
Other

Cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Financing activities:

Dividends paid

Exercise of share options

Other

Cash used in financing activities

Cash represented by:

Cash

Cash equivalents – short-term deposits

Net cash, end of period

(see accompanying notes) 

($10,599)
65,337
(14,505)
40,233
35,141

$75,374

($76,036)
44,020
4,500
5,532
159
34,919
387
800
18,506
(30,445)
(24,338)
(2,926)
(24,922)
3,338
10,985

($10,599)

($17,670)
(500)
(293)

(373)
22,750
61,037
386

$65,337

($14,346)

(159)

($14,505)

$25,237
50,137

$75,374

$38,050
(213,513)
(40,735)
(216,198)
251,339

$35,141

($399,837)
30,177

14,170
7,500
28,993
193
345,081
21,459
(20,409)

(2,249)
25,078
965
12,007

$38,050

($30,602)
(203,587)

22,094
(2,106)

411
277

($213,513)

($41,532)
394

403

($40,735)

$34,738

403

$35,141

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   58

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 

(Tabular amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars except per share amounts)

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION 

Torstar Corporation (the "Company") is incorporated under the laws of Ontario, Canada and its Class B (non-voting) 
shares are publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  The registered office is located at One Yonge Street, 
Toronto, Canada.  The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries are described in Note 3. 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

(a)  Basis of preparation

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).  The policies 
applied in these consolidated financial statements are based on IFRS policies effective as of December 31, 
2016.  These consolidated financial statements have been authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution 
from the Board of Directors on February 28, 2017.

Comparative figures for previous periods have been restated to conform to the current year presentation.

(b)  Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for 
certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value as described in the accounting policies.

(c)  Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Torstar Corporation and all its 
subsidiaries over which it has control.  The Company controls an investee when the Company is exposed to, 
or has rights to, variable returns from its relationship with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns 
through its power over the investee.  The Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing 
whether or not the Company’s voting rights in an investee are sufficient to give it power.  These facts and 
circumstances include: the size of the Company’s holding of voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of 
holdings of the other vote holders; potential voting rights held by the Company, other vote holders or other 
parties; and rights arising from other contractual arrangements.  The financial statements of subsidiaries are 
included in the consolidated financial statements from the date control commences and are de-consolidated 
on the date when control ceases.

Profit or loss and each component of OCI are attributed to the equity holders of the Company and to the minority 
interests, even if this results in the minority interests having a deficit balance.

Intra-group  balances  and  transactions  are  eliminated  on  consolidation.    Unrealized  gains  arising  from 
transactions  with  equity-accounted  investees  are  eliminated  against  the  investment  to  the  extent  of  the 
Company’s interest in the investee.  Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but 
only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

(d)  Investments in joint ventures and associated businesses

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement in which the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have 
rights to the net assets of the joint venture.  Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an 
arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the 
parties sharing control.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   59

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

An associate is an entity in which the Company has significant influence.  Significant influence is the power to 
participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not represent control or joint 
control over those decisions.

The considerations made in determining joint control or significant influence are similar to those necessary to 
determine control over subsidiaries.

Investments in joint ventures and associates are accounted for using the equity method, whereby the investment 
is carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost (which includes acquisition-related fees) 
plus post-acquisition changes in the Company’s share of the net assets of the investment.  Goodwill relating 
to the joint venture or associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is neither amortized 
nor individually tested for impairment.  When the Company’s share of losses of a joint venture or associate 
exceeds the Company’s carrying value of the investment, the Company discontinues recognizing its share of 
further losses.  Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or 
constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint venture or associate.

The consolidated statement of income or loss reflects the Company’s share of the results of operations of the 
joint venture or associate.  Where there has been a change recognized directly in the OCI of the joint venture 
or associate, the Company recognizes its share of any changes and discloses this, when applicable, in OCI.  
When there has been a change recognized directly in the equity of the joint venture or associate, the Company 
recognizes, when applicable, its share of any changes in the statement of changes in equity.

The financial statements of the joint venture or associate are prepared for the same reporting period as the 
Company except when the joint venture or associate does not have coterminous year-end and quarter-ends 
with the Company, in which case the most recent period-end available in a quarter is used.  When necessary, 
adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies of the joint venture or associate in line with those of the 
Company.

After the initial application of the equity method, the Company determines at each reporting date whether there 
is any objective evidence that the investment in the joint venture or associate is impaired and consequently 
whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss with respect to the Company’s investment.  If this is 
the case, the Company calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount 
of the investment and its carrying value and recognizes the impairment in the consolidated statement of income 
or loss.

Upon  loss  of significant  influence  over  an  associate,  the  Company  measures  and  recognizes  any  retained 
investment at its fair value.  Upon loss of joint control over a joint venture, the Company considers whether it 
has significant influence, in which case the retained investment is accounted for as an associate using the 
equity  method,  otherwise  the  Company  measures  and  recognizes  any  retained  investment  as  a  portfolio 
investment at its fair value.  Any difference between the carrying amount of the investment and the fair value 
of the retained investment or proceeds from disposal of the investment is recognized in profit or loss.

(e)  Foreign currency translation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s 
functional currency. Each entity consolidated by the Company determines its own functional currency based 
on the primary economic environment in which the entity operates.

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the entities in their respective functional currencies 
on the date of the transaction.  Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the entity’s 
functional currency are translated at the rates as at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position 
(period  end  rates).    Foreign  currency  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the  settlement  of  such 
transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency 
of an entity are recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss, except for qualifying cash flow and 
net investment hedges for which these exchange differences are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive 
income or loss (“AOCI”) within equity.  These deferred foreign exchange gains and losses are carried forward 
to be recognized in income in the same period as the corresponding gains or losses associated with the hedged 
item.  Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated into functional currencies at historical exchange rates.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   60

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities of entities with functional currencies other than Canadian dollars are translated at the 
period end rates of exchange, and items of income and expense are translated into Canadian dollars at the 
rates prevailing on the dates of the transactions, or average rates of exchange where these approximate actual 
rates.  The resulting translation adjustments are included in OCI.  Upon reduction of the Company’s investment 
in a foreign subsidiary due to a sale or liquidation, the proportionate amount of AOCI is recognized in income.

(f)  Financial instruments 

Financial assets and liabilities

The Company classifies its financial assets and liabilities into the following categories:

•  Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
•  Loans and receivables
•  Financial assets classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”)
•  Other financial liabilities

The Company has not classified any financial instruments as held-to-maturity.  Appropriate classification of 
financial  assets  and  liabilities  is  determined  at  the  time  of  initial  recognition  or  when  reclassified  in  the 
consolidated statement of financial position.

Financial instruments are recognized on the trade date - the date on which the Company becomes a party to 
the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

The Company classifies certain financial assets and liabilities as either held for trading or designated at fair 
value through profit or loss.  Assets and liabilities in this category include derivative financial instruments that 
are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships.

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss are carried at fair value. Related realized and unrealized 
gains and losses are included in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Loans and receivables

Loans  and  receivables  include  originated  and  purchased  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or 
determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market.  Assets in this category are classified as current 
assets  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  and  include  current  receivables,  cash  and  cash 
equivalents.  Non-current receivables are classified as other assets.

Loans  and  receivables  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs.   They  are  subsequently 
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method less any impairment.  Receivables are reduced 
by estimated bad debt provisions which are determined by reference to past experience and expectations.  
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in bank and highly liquid short-term investments.

Financial assets classified as AFS

Financial assets that are not classified as at fair value through profit or loss or as loans and receivables are 
classified as AFS.  A financial asset classified as AFS is initially recognized at its fair value plus transaction 
costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.  Financial assets classified as AFS 
are carried at fair value with the changes in fair value reported as unrealized gains or losses on AFS assets 
within OCI, unless the asset is subject to a fair value hedge, in which case changes in fair value resulting from 
the risk being hedged are recorded in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Financial  assets  classified  as AFS  are  assessed  for  impairment  at  each  reporting  date  and  the  Company 
recognizes any impairment in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   61

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.  Other financial 
liabilities include accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt instruments.  Long-term debt 
instruments are initially measured at fair value, which is the consideration received, net of transaction costs 
incurred.  Transaction costs related to long-term debt instruments are included in the value of the instruments 
and amortized using the effective interest rate method.

Derecognition

A financial asset is derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired or when 
the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset.  Any unrealized gains and losses 
recorded in AOCI are transferred to the consolidated statement of income or loss on disposal of an AFS asset.

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires.

Derivative instruments and hedging

In the normal course of business, the Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its risks related 
to  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations,  interest  rates  and  share-based  compensation  liability  and 
expense.  Derivative transactions are governed by a uniform set of policies and procedures covering areas 
such as authorization, counterparty exposure and hedging practices.  Positions are monitored based on changes 
in interest and foreign currency exchange rates and their impact on the market value of derivatives.  Credit risk 
on  derivatives  arises  from  the  potential  for  counterparties  to  default  on  their  contractual  obligations  to  the 
Company.  The Company limits its credit risk by dealing with counterparties that are considered to be of high 
credit quality.  The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

All derivatives, including derivatives designated as hedges for accounting purposes and embedded derivatives, 
are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value.  The treatment of changes in the 
fair value of derivatives depends on whether or not they are designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

Collar  arrangements  and  foreign  exchange  contracts  to  sell  U.S.  dollars  have  been  designated  as  hedges 
against the foreign currency exposure on the net investment in VerticalScope.  Gains and losses on these 
instruments,  to  the  extent  of  hedge  effectiveness,  are  transferred  to  OCI  to  offset  the  gains  and  losses  on 
translation  of  the  net  investment.    The  portion  of  the  hedge  that  is  deemed  ineffective  is  recorded  in  the 
consolidated statement of income or loss.

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of its deferred 
share unit (“DSU”) plans and the cost of its restricted share unit (“RSU”) plan.  These instruments are settled 
quarterly and changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded as compensation expense.  The 
change in the Company’s share price between the settlement date and the reporting date is included in the 
consolidated statement of financial position at the fair value of these derivative instruments at each reporting 
date.

The treatment of changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and 
the resulting designation.  In order for a derivative to qualify for hedge accounting, the derivative must be formally 
designated as a fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge by documenting the relationship between the 
derivative and the hedged item.  Documentation includes a description of the hedging instrument, the hedged 
item, the risk being hedged, the Company’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, 
the method for assessing the effectiveness of the hedge and the method for measuring hedge ineffectiveness.  
Additionally, the hedge relationship must be expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in either the 
fair value or cash flows of the hedged item at both the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis.  The 
Company assesses the ongoing effectiveness of its hedges at each reporting date.

Amounts in AOCI are recycled to the consolidated statement of income or loss in the period when the hedged 
item will affect profit and loss (for instance, when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place).  If a hedging 
instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any unrealized 
cumulative gain or loss remains in AOCI and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized 

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

in the consolidated statement of income or loss.  If a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the 
unrealized cumulative gain or loss that was reported in AOCI is recognized in the consolidated statement of 
income or loss.

Fair value hedges

These are hedges of the fair value of recognized assets, liabilities or a firm commitment.  Changes in the fair 
value of derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges are recorded in the consolidated statement of 
income or loss together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the 
hedged risk.

Cash flow hedges

These are hedges of highly probable forecast transactions.  The effective portion of changes in the fair value 
of derivatives that are designated as a cash flow hedge is recognized in OCI.  The gain or loss relating to the 
ineffective portion is recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Net investment hedges

These are hedges of the Company’s net investment in its foreign operations, currently VerticalScope.  The 
effective portion of the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded directly in OCI.  The 
ineffective portion is recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss in the period in which the 
change  occurs.    Upon  the  sale  or  liquidation  of  the  foreign  operations,  the  amounts  deferred  in AOCI  are 
recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Embedded derivatives

An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract, 
with the effect that a portion of the cash flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a stand-alone 
derivative.    If  certain  conditions  are  met,  an  embedded  derivative  is  separated  from  the  host  contract  and 
accounted for as a derivative in the consolidated statement of financial position, at its fair value.  Any future 
changes in the fair value are recorded in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting

Certain derivative instruments, while providing effective economic hedges, are not designated as hedges for 
accounting  purposes.    Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  any  derivatives  that  are  not  designated  as  hedges  for 
accounting purposes are recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

Determination of fair value

Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset or liability could be exchanged in a current transaction 
between knowledgeable, willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.  The fair value of instruments 
quoted in active markets is determined using quoted prices where they represent those at which regularly and 
recently occurring transactions take place.  The Company uses valuation techniques to establish the fair value 
of instruments where prices quoted in active markets are not available.  Where possible, parameter inputs to 
the valuation techniques are based on observable data derived from prices of relevant instruments traded in 
an active market.  These valuation techniques involve some level of management estimation and judgement, 
the degree of which will depend on the price transparency for the instrument or market and the instrument’s 
complexity.

The  Company  categorizes  fair  value  measurements  according  to  a  three-level  hierarchy.    The  hierarchy 
prioritizes  the  inputs  used  in  the  Company’s  valuation  techniques.   A  level  is  assigned  to  each  fair  value 
measurement based on the lowest level input significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.  The three 
levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar 
assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that 
are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the 
use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The fair value of derivative financial instruments reflects the estimated amount that the Company would have 
been required to pay if forced to settle all unfavourable outstanding contracts or the amount that would be 
received if forced to settle all favourable contracts at the reporting date.  The fair value represents a point-in-
time estimate that may not be relevant in predicting the Company’s future earnings or cash flows.

The  Company’s  derivative  financial  instruments  include  derivative  instruments  to  manage  its  exposure 
associated with changes in the fair value of its DSU plans and the cost of its RSU plan, and foreign exchange 
forward contracts and collar arrangements to hedge the foreign currency exposure on its net investment in 
VerticalScope.  The fair value of the derivative instruments used to manage the Company’s exposure under 
the DSU and RSU plans is classified within Level 2 and is based on the movement in the Company’s share 
price between the quarterly settlement date and the reporting date which are observable inputs.

The fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts and collar arrangements is classified within Level 2 
as it is based on foreign currency rates quoted by banks and is the difference between the forward exchange 
rate and the contract rate.

The fair value of portfolio investments that have quoted market prices is classified within Level 1 except when 
the securities are not actively traded and thus classified within Level 2.  The fair value of portfolio investments 
that do not have quoted market prices is classified within Level 3 and determined when possible using a valuation 
technique that maximizes the use of observable market inputs and unobservable market inputs such as earnings 
multiples and cash flow projections.

(g)  Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.  Net realizable value is the estimated selling 
price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to 
make the sale.  Raw materials are valued at purchase cost on a first in, first out basis.  The cost of finished 
goods and work in progress includes raw materials, translation and printing and production costs.  Provisions 
are made for slow moving and obsolete inventory.  If the carrying value exceeds the net realizable amount, a 
writedown is recognized. The writedown may be reversed in a subsequent period if the circumstances causing 
it no longer exist.

(h)  Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost or at fair value as deemed cost, net of accumulated depreciation 
and  any  accumulated  impairment  losses.    Cost  includes  expenditures  that  are  directly  attributable  to  the 
acquisition of the asset.  When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced 
in intervals, the Company recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciation, 
respectively.  Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of 
the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied.  All other repair and maintenance 
costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of income or loss as incurred.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

•  Buildings 

Structural    
Components  

25 – 60 years
10 – 35 years

•  Machinery and Equipment 

Machinery and Equipment   
Furniture and Fixtures  

 3 – 40 years
 3 – 10 years

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   64

 
 
 
   
  
  
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

•  Leasehold Improvements  
assured

 Term of the lease plus renewal periods, when renewal is reasonably 

The useful lives and methods of depreciation and the assets’ residual values are reviewed at least annually, 
and the depreciation charge is adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon 
disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal.  Any gain or loss arising 
on derecognition of the asset is included in the consolidated statement of income or loss when the asset is 
derecognized.

(i) 

Intangible assets 

Intangible assets are recognized separately from goodwill when they are separable or arise from contractual 
or other legal rights and their fair value can be measured reliably.  The useful lives of intangible assets are 
assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets which have a finite useful life are amortized over the useful economic life of the asset and are 
stated at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses.  The amortization period 
and  the  amortization  method  for  an  intangible  asset  with  a  finite  useful  life  are  reviewed  at  least  annually.  
Changes  in  the  expected  useful  life  or  the  expected  pattern  of  consumption  of  future  economic  benefits  is 
accounted for by changing the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and adjusted prospectively.

Amortization is calculated using the straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

•  Software 
•  Customer relationships and other 
•  Trademarks  
•  Domain names 
•  Other 

3 – 10 years
2 – 10 years
5 – 10 years
5 – 10 years
5 – 10 years

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized.  These included newspaper mastheads and 
trade  and  certain  domain  names.    The  assessment  of  indefinite  life  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable.  If not, the change in useful life from indefinite 
to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the 
net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the consolidated statement 
of income or loss when the asset is derecognized.

(j)  Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing 
of funds.  Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that 
necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of 
the cost of the asset.  All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.

(k)  Business combinations and goodwill 

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method.  The cost of an acquisition is measured 
as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of 
any  non-controlling  interest  in  the  acquiree.   Acquisition  costs  incurred  are  expensed  in  the  consolidated 
statement of income or loss.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate 
classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent 
conditions at the acquisition date.  If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date fair 
value of the Company’s previously held equity or jointly controlled interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair 
value  at  the  acquisition  date  through  profit  or  loss.   Any  contingent  consideration  to  be  transferred  by  the 

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Company will be recognized at fair value at the acquisition date.  Subsequent changes to the fair value of the 
contingent consideration which is deemed to be an asset or liability will be recognized in accordance with IAS 
39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, either in the consolidated statement of income or 
loss or as a change to OCI.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Company’s share of the 
net identifiable assets of the acquired business at the date of acquisition.  If this consideration is lower than the 
fair value of the net assets acquired, the difference is recognized in the consolidated statement of income or 
loss.  After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

(l)  Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

The Company classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale if their carrying amounts will 
be  recovered  principally  through  a  sale  rather  than  through  continuing  use.    Such  non-current  assets  and 
disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value 
less costs to sell.

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the 
asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition.  Remaining actions required to 
complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the 
sale will be withdrawn.  Additionally, the sale should be expected within one year from the date of the classification.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for 
sale.  Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately as current items in the consolidated 
statement of financial position.

A disposal group qualifies as a discontinued operation if it is:

•  A component of the Company that is a cash generating unit (“CGU”) or a group of CGUs;
•  A major line of business or major geographical area; or 
•  Classified as held for sale or already disposed in such a way.

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single 
amount, net of tax, as income or loss from discontinued operations in the consolidated statement of income or 
loss.

(m) Impairment of non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill are tested for impairment when events or changes 
in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.  Additionally, intangible assets with an 
indefinite  useful  life  and  goodwill  are  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  test.    For  the  purpose  of  measuring 
recoverable amounts, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash 
inflows (a CGU).  The test for impairment for property, plant and equipment, intangible assets or goodwill is to 
compare the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU to the carrying value.  The recoverable amount is the 
greater of fair value less costs to sell ("FVLCS"), and value in use ("VIU").  An impairment loss is recognized 
for the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its recoverable amount.  In its assessment of the 
recoverable amounts of the group of CGUs at both December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company 
considered both the VIU and FVLCS approaches.

Goodwill acquired through a business combination is allocated to each CGU or group of CGUs that is expected 
to benefit from the related business combination.  For internal management purposes, goodwill is monitored 
at the operating segment level which represents a group of CGUs.  Goodwill is not amortized.

The Company evaluates impairment losses, other than goodwill impairment, for potential reversals when events 
or circumstances warrant such consideration.

The VIU calculation uses cash flow projections for a five year period and a terminal value.  The terminal value 
is the value attributed to the cash flow beyond the projected period using a perpetual growth rate.  The key 
assumptions in the VIU calculations are:

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

•  Earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization,  restructuring  and  other  charges,  and 
impairment of assets (“Adjusted EBITDA”), growth rates (for periods within the cash flow projections and in 
perpetuity for the calculation of the terminal value), future levels of maintenance expenditures on capital and 
discount rates.

•  Adjusted EBITDA growth rates and future levels of capital expenditures are based on management’s best 
estimates considering historical and expected operating plans, strategic plans, economic conditions and the 
general outlook for the industry and markets in which the CGU or group of CGUs operates.  The projections 
are based on the most recent financial budgets, approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, three year 
strategic plans and management forecasts beyond that period.  

•  In calculating the VIU, the Company uses a discount rate in order to establish values for each CGU or group 
of CGUs.  The discount rate applied to each calculation is a pre-tax rate that reflects an optimal debt-to-equity 
ratio and considers the risk free rate, market equity risk premium, size premium and the risks specific to each 
CGU or group of CGUs cash flow projections.  

•  The perpetuity growth rate is based on management’s best estimates considering the industry, operating 
income trends and growth prospects for that specific CGU or group of CGUs.

The FVLCS calculation uses projections for a one year period and a forward multiple.  The key assumptions 
in the fair value less cost to sell calculation are:

•  Earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization,  restructuring  and  other  charges,  and 
impairment of assets (“Adjusted EBITDA”).  The projections are based on the most recent financial budgets 
approved by the Company’s Board of Directors.

•  Forward multiples which are based on public market data including information from analysts covering the 
Company as well as competitor data.

(n)  Revenue recognition

The Company has a number of different revenue streams.  Print and digital advertising revenue is primarily 
generated through the provision of advertisements in print publications as well as on various digital platforms.  
Revenue from circulation/subscribers is largely generated by home delivery subscriptions; single copy sales 
at newsstands and vending machines; and the provision of digital format subscriptions.  Distribution revenue 
is primarily generated from the delivery of flyers to consumers on behalf of advertisers.  Other revenues are 
generated  from  the  provision  of  commercial  printing  for  external  customers  as  well  as  the  sale  of  various 
products. 

Print advertising and distribution revenue

Revenue related to print advertising and flyer distribution is recognized when a print advertisement or flyer is 
included in the newspaper and the newspapers are delivered to the reader.  

Digital advertising revenue

The Company has a number of digital advertising revenue streams.  The majority of the Company’s digital 
revenue is recognized when advertisements are placed on digital platforms and to a lesser extent when a user 
clicks on an advertisement, on a per click basis.

Circulation/subscription revenue

In respect of revenue from circulation/subscribers related to print newspapers, the Company recognizes revenue 
at  the  time  of  delivery  of  the  newspaper  to  the  customer/subscriber.    Revenue  from  single  copy  sales  is 
recognized net of a provision for returns based on historical rates of returns.  In the case of revenue from 
subscribers, revenue is recognized proportionately over the term of the subscription.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   67

 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Other revenue

Other revenue is recognized upon delivery to or at the time that goods are made available to the customer.  For 
example, when products are printed for external customers, revenue is recognized at the time that such materials 
are made available to the customer.  In the case of product sales, revenue is recognized per the terms of 
delivery. 

(o)   Employee benefits

The Company maintains both defined benefit and capital accumulation ("defined contribution") employee benefit 
plans.  Details with respect to accounting for defined benefit employee future benefit plans are as follows:

•  The net asset or net liability recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position is the present 
value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date less the fair value of the plan assets.  The service 
cost and obligations of pensions and post employment benefits earned by employees is calculated annually 
by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method prorated on service and management's best 
estimate of assumptions of salary increases, retirement ages of employees and expected health care costs. 

•  The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting estimated future cash flows 
using the current interest rate at the reporting date on high quality fixed income investments with maturities 
that match the expected maturity of the obligations.

•  Net interest is determined by multiplying the net defined benefit liability or asset by the discount rate used 
to  determine  the  defined  benefit  obligation  (at  the  beginning  of  the  year)  and  is  included  in  Interest  and 
financing costs in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

•  Past service costs are recognized immediately in the consolidated statement of income or loss.

•  Current  service  costs,  past  service  costs,  special  termination  benefits,  curtailment  gains  or  losses  and 
administration  costs  are  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  income  or  loss  and  are  included  in 
Salaries and benefits or Restructuring and other charges, as applicable.

•  Changes in actuarial gains and losses that arise in calculating the present value of the defined benefit 
obligation and the fair value of plan assets are recognized in OCI in the period in which they arise and charged 
or credited to retained earnings.  On an interim basis, management estimates the changes in the actuarial 
gains and losses.  These estimates are adjusted when the annual valuation or estimate is completed by the 
independent actuaries.

•  For the funded plans, the value of any minimum funding requirements (as determined by applicable pension 
legislation) is recognized to the extent that the amounts are considered recoverable.  Recoverability is limited 
to the extent to which the Company can reduce the future contributions to the plan.

Company contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as incurred.

Termination benefits are expensed at the earlier of the time at which the Company can no longer withdraw the 
offer of those benefits and the time at which the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring.  Benefits which 
are not expected to be settled wholly within twelve months from the end of the reporting period are discounted.

(p)  Share-based compensation plans 

The Company has a share option plan, an employee share purchase plan (“ESPP”), two DSU plans and an 
RSU plan.

Share option plan and ESPP

Eligible senior executives may be granted options to purchase Class B non-voting shares at an option price 
which shall not be less than the closing market price of the shares on the last trading day before the grant. 
Share options vest, and are expensed, over four years from the date of grant.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Under the Company’s ESPP, employees may subscribe for Class B non-voting shares of the Company to be 
paid for through payroll deductions over two-year periods at a purchase price which is the lower of the market 
price on the entry date or the market price at the end of the payment period.  The value of the shares that an 
employee may subscribe for is restricted to a maximum of 20% of salary at the beginning of the two-year period.

The fair value of share options granted and ESPP subscriptions are measured using the Black-Scholes pricing 
model.  For share options, the model considers each tranche with graded vesting features as a separate share 
option grant.  Forfeitures are estimated on the grant date and are revised as the actual forfeitures differ from 
estimates.

The fair value of share options granted and ESPP subscriptions is recognized as compensation expense over 
the vesting and subscription periods with a related credit to contributed surplus.  The contributed surplus balance 
is reduced as options are exercised and as the ESPP matures through a credit to share capital.  The consideration 
paid by option holders and the ESPP subscribers is credited to share capital when the options are exercised 
or when the plan matures.

DSUs

Eligible executives may elect to receive certain cash incentive compensation in the form of DSUs.  Each DSU 
is equal in value to one Class B non-voting share of the Company and is issued on the basis of the closing 
market price per share of Class B non-voting shares of the Company on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the 
date of issue.  DSUs also accrue dividend equivalents payable in additional units in an amount equal to dividends 
paid on Class B non-voting shares of the Company.

The Company has also adopted a DSU plan for non-employee directors.  Each non-employee director receives 
an award of DSUs as part of his or her annual Board retainer.  In addition, a non-employee director holding 
less than the minimum shareholding requirement of Class B non-voting shares, Class A voting shares, DSUs, 
or a combination thereof, receives the cash portion of his or her annual Board retainer in the form of DSUs.  
Any non-employee director may also elect to participate in the DSU plan in respect of part or all of his or her 
retainer and attendance fees.  The terms of the director DSU plan are substantially the same as the executive 
DSU plan.

Compensation expense is recorded in the year DSUs are granted and changes in the fair value of outstanding 
DSUs, including deemed dividend equivalents, are recorded as an expense in the period that they occur.  DSUs 
can only be redeemed once the executive or director is no longer employed with the Company whereupon the 
executive or director is entitled to receive the fair market value of the equivalent number of Class B non-voting 
shares, net of withholdings, in cash.  Outstanding DSUs are recorded as long-term liabilities.

RSUs

Eligible executives may be granted RSU awards equivalent in value to Class B non-voting shares of the Company 
as part of their long-term incentive compensation.  RSUs vest after three years and are settled in cash.  With 
effect from the 2015 fiscal year, subsequent RSU grants accrue dividend equivalents payable in additional units 
in an amount equal to dividends paid on Class B non-voting shares of the Company.  RSUs are accrued over 
the three-year vesting period as compensation expense and a related liability.  Forfeitures are estimated on the 
grant date and revised if the actual forfeitures differ from the estimates.  The liability is recorded at fair value at 
each reporting date.  Accrued RSUs are recorded as long-term liabilities, except for the portion that will vest 
within twelve months which is recorded as a current liability.

(q)  Taxes 

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.  Tax expense is recognized in the consolidated statement of 
income or loss, unless it relates to items recognized outside the consolidated statement of income or loss.  Tax 
expense relating to items recognized outside of the consolidated statement of income or loss is recognized in 
correlation to the underlying transaction in either OCI or equity.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected 
to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.  The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount 
are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method for temporary differences between the tax bases of 
assets and liabilities and their carrying amount for financial reporting purposes.  Deferred income tax assets 
and liabilities are measured using substantively enacted tax rates and laws at the reporting date that are expected 
to be in effect when the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

Deferred income taxes are recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, 
associates and joint ventures except where the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is 
probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities 
are not recognized for temporary differences that arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities other than 
in a business combination.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused 
tax credits and unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available 
against which they can be utilized.

(r)  Provisions

Provisions are recognized if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past 
events, if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate 
can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present 
obligation as of the date of the consolidated statement of financial position, taking into account the risks and 
uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

Provisions are discounted and measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to 
settle the obligation, using a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money 
and the risks specific to the obligation.  The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized 
as interest expense.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a 
third party (for example, because the obligation is covered by an insurance policy), an asset is recognized if it 
is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received.

(s)  Use of estimates and judgements

The  preparation  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires 
management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies 
and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, 
at the end of the reporting period.

Management  uses  estimates  when  accounting  for  certain  items  such  as  revenues,  allowance  for  doubtful 
accounts, useful lives of long-lived assets, asset impairments, provisions, share-based compensation plans, 
employee  benefit  plans,  deferred  income  taxes  and  goodwill  impairment.    Estimates  are  also  made  by 
management when recording the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

Estimates  are  based  on  a  number  of  factors,  including  historical  experience,  current  events  and  other 
assumptions  that  management  believes  are  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.    By  their  nature,  these 
estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and actual results could differ.   Estimates and underlying 
assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period 
in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   70

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The more significant estimates and assumptions made by management are described below:

Employee benefits

The valuation by independent actuaries uses management’s assumptions for rate of compensation increase, 
trends in healthcare costs, employee turnover and expected mortality.  However, the most significant assumption 
is the discount rate which is used to determine the present value of the future cash flows that are expected to 
be required to settle employee benefit obligations.  The discount rate is based on the market yield on long-term 
high-quality corporate bonds with maturities matching the estimated cash flows from the benefit plan at the time 
of estimation.  A lower discount rate would result in a higher employee benefit obligation. Further details about 
the assumptions used are provided in Note 19.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company tests goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if 
there are indicators that impairment may have arisen.  Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset, 
CGU or group of CGUs exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its FVLCS and its VIU.  The 
FVLCS calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions in arm’s length transactions of 
similar  assets  or  observable  market  prices  for  similar  transactions,  adjusted  for  the  specific  facts  and 
circumstances, less incremental costs for disposing of the asset.  The VIU calculation is based on a discounted 
cash flow model.  The key estimates and assumptions used in arriving at the FVLCS and VIU are outlined in 
Note 2(m).

In calculating the recoverable amount, management is required to make several assumptions, including, but 
not limited to, expected future revenues, expected future cash flows, forward multiples and discount rates. 
Management's assumptions are influenced by current market conditions and levels of competition, both of which 
may affect expected revenues.  Expected cash flows may be further affected by changes in operating costs 
beyond what is currently anticipated.  Management has also made certain assumptions for the forward multiples, 
discount and terminal growth rates to reflect possible variations in the cash flows, however, the risk premiums 
expected by market participants, as reflected in forward multiples, related to uncertainties about the industry, 
specific  reporting  units  or  specific  intangible  assets  may  differ  or  change  quickly,  depending  on  economic 
conditions and other events.  Changes in any of these assumptions may have a significant impact on the fair 
value of the investment, CGU or group of CGUs or intangible assets and the results of the related impairment 
testing. 

As at December 31, 2016, the carrying value of investments, intangible assets, property plant and equipment 
and goodwill represented 33%, 10%, 11% and 1% respectively of total assets and each reporting segment had 
investments and intangible assets with carrying values subject to these estimates.  As at December 31, 2015, 
the carrying value of investments, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment and goodwill represented 
34%, 10%, 17% and 1% respectively of total assets.  Additionally, as a result of rapid and significant shifts in 
the print and digital advertising markets, expected future revenues and cash flows have changed significantly.  
The Company has recorded impairment charges related to investments and intangible assets totalling $7.5 
million in the year ended December 31, 2016 ($361.1 million of impairment charges related to goodwill, intangible 
assets and investments in the year ended December 31, 2015).  These charges impact net income or loss but 
have no effect on cash flows. 

More details are provided in Note 12.

Taxes

The Company is subject to income taxes in Canada, and the discontinued operations were also subject to 
income taxes in foreign jurisdictions.  Significant judgement is required in determining the world-wide provision 
for income taxes.  In the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which 
the  ultimate  tax  determination  is  uncertain.    Management  uses  judgement  in  interpreting  tax  laws  and 
determining  the  appropriate  rates  and  amounts  in  recording  current  and  deferred  income  taxes,  giving 
consideration to timing and probability.  Actual income taxes could significantly vary from these estimates as a 
result of future events, including changes in income tax law or the outcome of reviews by tax authorities and 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   71

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

related appeals.  To the extent that the final tax outcome is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, 
such differences will impact the income tax provision in the period in which such determination is made.

Deferred income tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused 
tax credits and unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available 
against which they can be utilized.  When assessing the probability of taxable profit being available, management 
primarily  considers  prior  years’  results,  forecasted  future  results  and  non-recurring  items.    As  such,  the 
assessment of the Company’s ability to utilize tax losses carried forward is to a large extent judgement-based.  
If the future taxable results of the Company differ significantly from those expected, the Company would be 
required to increase or decrease the carrying value of the deferred income tax assets with a potentially material 
impact  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  and  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive income or loss.  The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reassessed at each 
reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be 
available to utilize all or part of the deferred income tax assets.  Unrecognized deferred income tax assets are 
reassessed at each reporting period and are recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient 
taxable profits to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Further details on taxes are disclosed in Note 14. 

Significant judgements made by management are described below:

Classification of investments as subsidiaries, joint ventures, associated businesses and portfolio investments.

Classification  of  investments  requires  judgement  on  whether  the  Company  controls,  has  joint  control  or 
significant influence over the strategic financial and operating decisions relating to the activity of the investee.  
In assessing the level of control or influence that the Company has over an investment, management considers 
ownership percentages, board representation as well as other relevant provisions in shareholder agreements.  
If  an  investor  holds  20%  or  more  of  the  voting  power  of  the  investee,  it  is  presumed  that  the  investor  has 
significant influence, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case.  Conversely, if the investor 
holds less than 20% of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the investor does not have significant 
influence, unless such influence can be clearly demonstrated.

The  Company  has  classified  its  investment  in  VerticalScope  as  an  associated  business  (rather  than  being 
consolidated subsidiary or classified as a joint venture) based on management’s judgement that the Company 
does not have control but has significant influence, based on rights to board representation and other provisions 
in the shareholders agreement.  The Company has classified its investments in Black Press Ltd., Blue Ant 
Media Inc. and up until July 5, 2016, Shop.ca Network Inc. as associated businesses based on management’s 
judgement that the Company has significant influence despite holding less than 20%, based on rights to board 
representation and other provisions in the respective shareholders’ agreements. 

Classification of cash equivalents

Classification  of  cash  equivalents  requires  judgement  on  whether  the  short-term  investments  are  easily 
convertible into cash.  Short-term investments with maturities on acquisition of 90 days or less are presumed 
to be cash equivalents due to the short holding period of the investment.  The Company has classified its short-
term  investments  with  original  maturities  on  acquisition  of  over  90  days  but  less  than  365  days  as  cash 
equivalents based on management’s judgement that the short-term investments are liquid as the Company has 
a contractual right to convert them into cash upon 30 days notice without loss of interest after the initial 30 days.

Determination of operating segments, reportable segments and CGUs

The Company has three reportable operating segments: Metroland Media Group ("MMG"), Star Media Group 
("SMG") and Digital Ventures.   “Corporate” is the provision of corporate services and administrative support.  
The Company has aligned its operating segments such that digital businesses outside the traditional newspaper 
operations are managed as one operating segment – Digital Ventures, which meets the quantitative threshold 
criteria and accordingly has become a separate reportable segment.

The  Company’s  chief  operating  decision-maker  (“CODM”)  monitors  the  operating  results  of  the  operating 
segments for the purpose of assessing performance.  Segment performance is evaluated based on operating 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   72

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

profit which corresponds to operating profit as measured in the consolidated financial statements except that 
it includes the proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations.  Decisions regarding resource 
allocation are made at the reportable operating segment level.

Within  the  MMG  operating  segment,  the  Company  has  identified  a  number  of  CGUs  including  the  daily 
newspapers and their flyer distribution operations, the community newspapers and their flyer distribution and 
printing operations as well as a number of separate digital CGUs.  In addition, the Company has identified SMG 
as one CGU which includes the Toronto Star and the Metro publications as well as a number of other smaller 
digital platforms and publications.  Within the Digital Ventures segment, the Company has identified eyeReturn 
Marketing as one CGU.

(t)  Changes in accounting policies

Policies adopted in 2016:

Several new amendments and interpretations applied for the first time in 2016.  However, they had little or no 
impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.  

The Company has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued 
but is not yet effective.

Future changes in accounting standards:

There  are  several  new  standards  and  amendments  to  accounting  standards  which  will  be  effective  for  the 
Company subsequent to 2017, however, only the following new standards are expected to have a material 
impact on the interim or annual consolidated financial statements or disclosures of the Company:

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15 which specifies how and when an entity will recognize revenue as well 
as requiring such entities to provide users of financial statements with more informative, relevant disclosures.  
The standard provides a single, principles based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers.  
The Company does not anticipate early adoption and plans to adopt the standard on its effective date of January 
1, 2018.  The Company has reviewed its significant sources of revenue and has identified areas that may affect 
disclosures but is not expected to significantly impact revenue recognition relative to the current policy.  The 
Company will continue to assess the impact of IFRS 15 on its less significant sources of revenue as well as 
disclosure requirements.

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

In July 2014, the IASB issued a finalized version of IFRS 9 which contains accounting requirements for financial 
instruments replacing IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.  The standard contains 
requirements  in  the  following  areas:  Classification  and  Measurement;  Impairment;  Hedge Accounting;  and 
Derecognition.  The Company does not anticipate early adoption and plans to adopt the standard on its effective 
date of January 1, 2018.
The Company's review of IFRS 9 performed to date indicates the following impacts:

• 

financial assets such as receivables which were previously classified as "loans and receivables" under 
IAS 39, will now be classified as "amortized cost" under IFRS 9 while most financial liabilities will continue 
to be measured at "amortized cost".

•  The quantitative retrospective and prospective hedge effectiveness assessment within the 80-125 percent 
threshold to qualify for hedge accounting will no longer apply.  Rather, once a hedge relationship qualifies 
for  hedge  accounting,  retrospective  effectiveness  testing  and  voluntary  discontinuation  of  hedge 
accounting are not permitted.  Hedge accounting can only discontinue where the qualifying criteria are 
no longer met.

The Company will continue to assess the impact of IFRS 9 on the consolidated financial statements.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   73

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

IFRS 16 Leases

In January 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 which supersedes IAS 17 Leases and related interpretations.  The 
new standard provides a single lessee accounting model which eliminates the distinction between operating 
and finance leases, by requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless the underlying 
asset has a low value or the lease term is 12 months or less.  Lessor accounting remains largely unchanged 
and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained.  The Company does not anticipate early 
adoption and plans to adopt the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019.  The Company is in the 
process of reviewing the standard to determine the impact on the consolidated financial statements.

3. SEGMENTED INFORMATION 

The Company has identified three reportable segments: MMG, SMG and Digital Ventures to which Corporate costs 
have not been allocated.  Management of each segment is accountable for the revenues and segment operating 
profit or loss which includes the proportionately consolidated share of joint venture operations and in the case of the 
Digital Ventures segment, the Company’s 56% interest in VerticalScope which, as a result of terms in the applicable 
shareholders agreement, is classified as an associated business (rather than being a consolidated subsidiary or 
classified as a joint venture).  The Company owns a significantly higher percentage of VerticalScope relative to its 
other associated businesses.

Segment profit or loss has been defined as segmented operating profit or loss which corresponds to operating profit 
or loss as presented in the consolidated statement of income or loss but includes the proportionately consolidated 
share of joint venture operations as well as the Company’s 56% interest in VerticalScope.  All other income and 
expense items are managed on a Company basis and are not provided to the CODM at the operating segment level.  
Also, assets and liabilities are not provided to the CODM at the operating segment level.  These items are therefore 
not allocated to the operating segments.

MMG publishes The Hamilton Spectator and the Waterloo Region Record daily newspapers and has more than 100 
weekly community newspapers, digital properties (including homefinder.ca, save.ca, travelalerts.ca, wagjag.com 
(“WagJag”) and the regional online sites, such as durhamregion.ca) and flyer distribution operations.  MMG also has 
a number of specialty publications, directories and consumer shows.

SMG includes the daily Toronto Star newspaper, Toronto Star Touch and thestar.com.  SMG also includes Free Daily 
News Group Inc. (“Metro”), which publishes the English-language Metro free daily commuter papers in several of 
Canada’s largest cities, and through a joint venture arrangement, SMG owns an interest in the Chinese-language 
Sing  Tao  Daily  and  its  related  publications  in  Toronto,  Vancouver  and  Calgary.   SMG  also  includes  wheels.ca, 
toronto.com, other specialty publications and magazines and distribution services as well as the Company's interest 
in Olive Media.  Olive Media ceased operations effective January 1, 2016.

Digital Ventures includes the Company's 56% interest in VerticalScope, eyeReturn Marketing Inc. and the Company’s 
50% interest in workopolis.com (“Workopolis”). 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   74

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Year ended December 31, 2016

MMG

SMG

Digital 
Ventures

Corporate

Total

Adjustments  
and 
Eliminations
¹

Per
Consolidated
Statement of
Income

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Amortization and depreciation

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets

Reportable segment operating

profit (loss)

Interest and financing costs

Foreign exchange

Loss from joint ventures

Loss from associated businesses

Other income

Loss before taxes from continuing

operations

$407,646

$280,070

$73,981

$761,697

($76,598)

$685,099

(188,703)

(105,127)

(176,942)

(174,468)

(14,382)

(13,504)

(800)

(27,934)

(32,531)

(22,489)

(25,352)

(79,642)

(262)

(6,700)

($8,078)

(324,397)

(2,614)

(379,376)

(66)

(122,024)

(610)

(46,907)

(7,500)

25,082

23,184

78,004

1,084

6,700

(299,315)

(356,192)

(44,020)

(45,823)

(800)

$13,315

($59,990)

($60,464)

($11,368)

($118,507)

$57,456

($61,051)

(3,080)

298

(5,532)

(34,919)

24,348

($79,936)

Year ended December 31, 2015

MMG

SMG

Digital 
Ventures

Corporate

Total

Adjustments  
and 
Eliminations¹

Per 
Consolidated 
Statement of 
Income

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Amortization and depreciation

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets

$447,064

$343,555

$53,021

$843,640

($57,009)

$786,631

(208,431)

(127,092)

(189,755)

(198,057)

(14,055)

(19,777)

(265,936)

(14,991)

(10,634)

(79,145)

(18,867)

(23,160)

(48,428)

(899)

(16,000)

($9,044)

(363,434)

(2,411)

(413,383)

(37)

(77,511)

(31,310)

(361,081)

21,610

19,988

47,334

1,087

16,000

(341,824)

(393,395)

(30,177)

(30,223)

(345,081)

Reportable segment operating loss

($250,890)

($86,364)

($54,333)

($11,492)

($403,079)

$49,010

($354,069)

Interest and financing costs

Foreign exchange

Loss from joint ventures

Loss from associated businesses

Other expense

Loss before taxes from continuing

operations

(2,046)

(1,022)

(14,170)

(28,993)

(1,837)

($402,137)

¹ Adjustments and eliminations represent the elimination of the proportionately consolidated results of, and transactions with, joint 
ventures and VerticalScope.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   75

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The following charts provide a breakdown of total segmented operating revenue for the years ended December 31, 
2016 and December 31, 2015.

Year ended 
 December 31, 2016

MMG

SMG

Digital Ventures

Total

$

%

$

%

$

%

$

Print advertising

$174,004

42.7%

$148,535

53.0%

$322,539

Digital advertising

36,411

8.9%

131,232

32.2%

25,913

40,086

6.4%

9.8%

22,731

7,880

8.1%

2.8%

94,215

33.7%

6,709

2.4%

$73,981

100.0%

133,123

139,112

120,128

46,795

%

42.3%

17.5%

18.3%

15.8%

6.1%

$407,646

100.0%

$280,070

100.0%

$73,981

100.0%

$761,697

100.0%

MMG

SMG

Digital Ventures

Total

Year ended 
 December 31, 2015

$

%

$

Print advertising

$200,294

44.8%

$180,789

Digital advertising

37,702

8.4%

136,465

30.5%

28,420

44,183

6.4%

9.9%

35,208

10,064

100,479

17,015

%

52.7%

10.2%

2.9%

29.2%

5.0%

$

%

$

$53,021

100.0%

125,931

$381,083

146,529

128,899

61,198

%

45.2%

14.9%

17.4%

15.3%

7.2%

$447,064

100.0%

$343,555

100.0%

$53,021

100.0%

$843,640

100.0%

Distribution

Subscriber

Other

Total

Distribution

Subscriber

Other

Total

Geographical information

The Company operates in the following main geographical areas:

Canada

United States

Other

Total

Revenue¹

Non-current assets²

Year ended December 31

As at December 31

2016

$681,731

3,368

2015

2016

2015

$781,036

$126,047

$193,747

4,132

1,463

$685,099

$786,631

$126,047

$193,747

¹ Revenue is allocated based on the country in which the order is received.
² Non-current assets include property, plant and equipment; intangible assets and goodwill.

4. INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES 

The Company’s material subsidiaries are: Toronto Star Newspapers Limited and Metroland Media Group Ltd., which 
are Ontario corporations and Metro, which is a New Brunswick corporation.  The Company has 100% voting and 
equity securities interest in each of these corporations.

The Company also has a 75% interest in the Olive Media partnership.  The 25% interest that the Company does not 
own is reflected in Minority interests.  Effective January 1, 2016, Olive Media ceased operations and the Toronto Star 
assumed responsibility for its digital advertising sales previously handled by Olive Media.

The principal activities of these subsidiaries are described in Note 3.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   76

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

5. RESTRICTED CASH 

At  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  had  restricted  cash  totalling  $11.8  million  which  included  $10.5  million
(December 31,  2015  –  $15.1  million)  held  as  collateral  for  outstanding  standby  letters  of  credit  in  respect  of  an 
unfunded executive retirement plan liability (Note 19).

At December 31, 2015, the Company had restricted cash totalling $37.9 million comprised of $15.2 million held as 
collateral for outstanding standby letters of credit and $22.8 million related to the sale of Harlequin in August 2014, 
which was held in an escrow account until the end of the escrow term on February 1, 2016 when the funds were 
released to the Company.

6. INVENTORIES 

Finished goods

Work in progress

Raw materials

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$118

4,711

$4,829

$1,178

129

4,924

$6,231

The  Company  expensed  inventory  costs  of  $42.9  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  (2015  –  $50.4 
million).  

7. INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES 

The Company’s joint ventures include investments in Workopolis (50%) and Sing Tao Daily (approximately 50%). 

The table below provides a continuity of Investments in joint ventures:

Balance, beginning of year

Loss from joint ventures
Distributions from joint ventures

Investment and other

Balance, end of year

Year ended December 31

2016

$32,861

(5,532)
(159)

293

$27,463

2015

$54,531

(14,170)
(7,500)

$32,861

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   77

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Summarized Supplemental Financial Information 

The following is summarized supplemental financial information based on the Company’s proportionate share of the 
joint ventures:

(i) 

Statement of Financial Position

Cash and cash equivalents
Other current assets
Total current assets
Total non-current assets

Total assets

Current liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

(ii)  Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss 

Operating revenue

Salaries and benefits

Other operating costs

Amortization and depreciation

Restructuring and other charges

Impairment of assets (note 12)

Operating loss

Interest and financing costs

Foreign exchange

Income and other taxes

As at

As at

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$7,880
6,049
13,929
21,227

$35,156

$6,825
868
27,463

$35,156

$5,308
7,244
12,552
30,442

$42,994

$8,923
1,210
32,861

$42,994

Year ended December 31

2016

$36,634

(14,739)

(16,167)

(3,203)

(780)

(6,700)

(4,955)

(21)

20

(4,956)

(576)

2015

$42,020

(17,670)

(17,522)

(3,016)

(1,087)

(16,000)

(13,275)

(24)

(66)

(13,365)

(805)

Net loss and Comprehensive loss

($5,532)

($14,170)

8. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED BUSINESSES 

As of December 31, 2016, the Company’s investments in associated businesses include a 19.4% equity interest in 
Black Press Ltd. (“Black Press”); a 18.3% equity investment in Blue Ant Media Inc. (“Blue Ant”); a 33.3% equity 
interest in Canadian Press Enterprises Inc. (“Canadian Press”) and a 56.4% equity investment in VerticalScope.  
The Company also had a 14.7% equity investment in Shop.ca Network Inc. ("Shop.ca") until July 5, 2016.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   78

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below provides a continuity of Investments in associated businesses:

Balance, beginning of year

Dividends received

Investments during the year

Sale of investment

Share of associate paid in capital (with minority interest)

Return of capital

Loss of associated businesses

OCI – Actuarial loss on employee benefits

OCI – Foreign currency translation adjustment

Balance, end of year

Year ended December 31

2016

$202,203

(387)

500

(2,315)

(34,919)

(1,726)

(5,459)

$157,897

2015

$39,960

(193)

203,587

(256)

(22,094)

(28,993)

(588)

10,780

$202,203

The table below provides details of income and losses from associated businesses:

VerticalScope

Black Press

Blue Ant

Shop.ca

Other

Total

Black Press

Net income (loss)

2016

2015

($42,237)

($26,950)

5,635

2,447

(613)

(151)

3,000

(1,859)

(3,025)

(159)

OCI

2015

$9,985

207

2016

($5,377)

(1,881)

73

($34,919)

($28,993)

($7,185)

$10,192

Black Press is a privately held company that publishes more than 150 titles in print and online in Canada and the 
U.S. and has operations in British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, California, Hawaii and Ohio.  For the year ended 
December 31, 2016, the Company’s share of Black Press’ net income was $5.6 million and other comprehensive 
loss of $1.9 million (2015 – net income of $3.0 million and other comprehensive income of $0.2 million).  

Blue Ant

Blue Ant is a media company founded in 2011 that creates and distributes video content across a range of traditional 
and new media platforms in categories such as Outdoor Life, Nature and Science, Style and Do-It-Yourself ("DIY"),  
Music and Gaming.  During 2016, the Company invested an additional $0.5 million in Blue Ant.  The Company’s 
equity interest at December 31, 2016 was 18.3% (December 31, 2015 – 23.1%).  The Company’s share of Blue Ant’s 
net income in 2016 was $2.4 million (2015 –  net loss of $1.9 million) and includes dilution gains of $2.3 million in 
2016. 

Canadian Press

Canadian Press operates The Canadian Press news agency.  The Company’s carrying value in Canadian Press 
was  previously  reduced  to  nil.   The  Company  will  begin  to  report  its  share  of  Canadian  Press’  results  once  the 
unrecognized losses ($4.6 million as of December 31, 2016) have been offset by net income, other comprehensive 
income or additional investments are made.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company would have 
reported income of $0.3 million and other comprehensive loss of $1.8 million from Canadian Press (2015 – income 
of $0.5 million and other comprehensive income of $0.4 million).  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   79

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Shop.ca

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company’s share of Shop.ca’s net loss was $0.6 million (2015 – $3.0 
million).  Shop.ca declared bankruptcy on July 5, 2016.

Other

The Company has investments in other associated businesses for which a loss of $0.2 million was recorded for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 (2015 – loss of $0.2 million).

VerticalScope

VerticalScope is a Toronto-based vertically focused digital media company with expertise in programmatic advertising 
which services the North American market through its network of user forums and premium content sites offering 
advertisers access to large audiences in popular verticals including automotive, powersports, outdoors, home and 
health. 

On July 28, 2015, the Company acquired a 56.4% interest in VerticalScope.  The total purchase price including 
transaction costs was $202 million.  Pursuant to certain terms in the shareholders agreement, the investment is 
accounted for as an associated business using the equity method.  On October 22, 2015, the Company received a 
return of capital of $22.1 million.

The following is summarized supplemental financial information for 100% of VerticalScope including the Company’s 
fair value adjustments on acquisition of the investment:

(i) 

Statement of Financial Position

Cash and cash equivalents

Other current assets

Total current assets

Total non-current assets

Total assets

Current portion long-term debt

Other current liabilities

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt

Other non-current liabilities

Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

As at December 31, 2016

As at December 31, 2015

$24,310

16,716

41,026

319,149

$360,175

$6,009

9,162

15,171

115,692

23,840

205,472

$360,175

$10,716

15,109

25,825

445,129

$470,954

$6,193

6,892

13,085

113,676

56,786

287,407

$470,954

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   80

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

(ii)  Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss 

Operating revenue

Net loss

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Total comprehensive loss

Year ended December 31

2016

$71,043

($74,848)

(9,528)

($84,376)

2015

$26,896

($47,757)

17,694

($30,063)

Torstar’s  comprehensive  loss  attributable  to  its  interest  in  VerticalScope  was  $47.6  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016 ($17.0 million for the period from July 29, 2015 through December 31, 2015).

9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Building and
leasehold
improvements

Land

Machinery and
equipment

Total

Cost

Balance at December 31, 2014

$2,698

$124,731

$157,278

$284,707

Additions

Disposals

Foreign exchange

Balance at December 31, 2015

Additions

Disposals

Foreign exchange

1,563

(1,424)

124,870

1,132

(62,371)

8,695

(12,507)

5

153,471

3,794

(44,595)

(1)

10,258

(13,931)

5

281,039

4,926

(108,257)

(1)

2,698

(1,291)

Balance at December 31, 2016

$1,407

$63,631

$112,669

$177,707

Depreciation and impairment

Balance at December 31, 2014

Additions

Impairments (note 12)

Disposals

Foreign exchange

Balance at December 31, 2015

Additions 1
Disposals

Balance at December 31, 2016

Net book value

At December 31, 2014

At December 31, 2015

At December 31, 2016

$55,079

6,331

297

(1,420)

60,287

5,438

(26,962)

$38,763

$69,652

$64,583

$24,868

$104,571

10,762

93

(12,469)

2

102,959

18,581

(44,565)

$76,975

$52,707

$50,512

$35,694

$159,650

17,093

390

(13,889)

2

163,246

24,019

(71,527)

$115,738

$125,057

$117,793

$61,969

$2,698

$2,698

$1,407

1 As a result of the decision to outsource printing of the Toronto Star, additional depreciation expense totalling $9.3 million was recorded in respect 
of certain machinery and equipment.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   81

 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

10. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

Cost

Balance at December 31, 2014

Additions - internally developed

Additions - purchased

Disposals

Balance at December 31, 2015

Additions - internally developed 1
Additions - purchased

Reclassifications ²

Disposals

Balance at December 31, 2016

Amortization and Impairment

Balance at December 31, 2014

Amortization

Impairments (note 12)

Disposals

Balance at December 31, 2015

Amortization

Impairments (note 12)

Reclassifications ²

Disposals

Indefinite
life

Finite life

Software

Other

Total

Total

$38,414

$73,778

$17,659

$91,437

$129,851

38,414

4,834

22,845

(6,643)

94,814

4,871

4,054

(3,555)

14,104

(38,414)

38,414

(16,531)

4,834

22,845

(10,198)

108,918

4,871

4,054

38,414

(16,531)

4,834

22,845

(10,198)

147,332

4,871

4,054

(16,531)

$87,208

$52,518

$139,726

$139,726

$10,909

8,367

19,276

(19,276)

$43,636

12,230

$13,696

854

$57,332

13,084

$68,241

13,084

8,367

(6,626)

49,240

17,160

(16,531)

(3,555)

10,995

2,841

800

19,276

(10,181)

(10,181)

60,235

20,001

800

19,276

(16,531)

79,511

20,001

800

(16,531)

Balance at December 31, 2016

$49,869

$33,912

$83,781

$83,781

Net book value

At December 31, 2014

At December 31, 2015

At December 31, 2016

$27,505

$19,138

$30,142

$45,574

$37,339

$3,963

$3,109

$18,606

$34,105

$48,683

$55,945

$61,610

$67,821

$55,945

¹ This amount includes $3.1 million for software in development for which amortization has not commenced.
² During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company both tested for impairment and then reclassified certain indefinite life 
intangible assets in the SMG and MMG segments to finite life intangible assets to be amortized over a period of five to ten years.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   82

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

11. GOODWILL 

The following is a continuity of the Goodwill balance:

Balance, beginning of year

Acquisitions (note 26)

Impairment (note 12)

Balance, end of year

2016

$8,133

$8,133

2015

$344,417

40

(336,324)

$8,133

Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to a CGU or groups of CGUs which are expected to benefit 
from  the  synergies  of  the  combination.    For  internal  management  purposes,  certain  CGUs  have  been  grouped 
together as goodwill is monitored at the operating segment level.   

Goodwill at December 31, 2016 and 2015 has been allocated to the following groups of CGUs:

Digital Ventures

12. IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS 

The Company recorded the following impairment on its assets:

Property, plant and equipment (note 9)

Intangible assets (note 10)

Goodwill (note 11)

Investments in joint ventures (note 7)

Impairment Testing

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$8,133

$8,133

Year ended December 31

2016

$800

800

6,700

$7,500

2015

$390

8,367

336,324

345,081

16,000

$361,081

During 2016, the Company tested for impairment and then reclassified certain indefinite life intangible assets in the 
SMG  and  MMG  segments  to  finite  life  intangible  assets.    In  carrying  out  the  associated  impairment  test,  it  was 
determined that certain intangible assets in the MMG segment were impaired and accordingly the Company recorded 
an impairment charge totalling $0.8 million in respect of these assets.  

In addition, the Company also recorded a $6.7 million impairment charge in respect of its joint venture investment 
in  Workopolis  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  2016.   This  resulted  from  a  further  downward  revision  in  longer  term 
forecasted revenues reflecting continued increased competition in the online recruitment and job search markets as 
well as prevailing economic conditions.  The Company performed its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of 
2016.  No further impairments were identified as a result of this test. 

2015

During the three months ended September 30, 2015 and at October 1, 2015, the Company's annual impairment test 
date, the Company conducted impairment tests on the carrying value of property, plant and equipment, intangible 
assets with a finite useful life, intangible assets with an indefinite useful life and goodwill.  In carrying out this testing, 
TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   83

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

it was determined that the carrying amount of the Metroland Media Group of CGUs exceeded the recoverable amount 
of $251.2 million, which was calculated using the VIU approach and the Company recorded an impairment charge 
of $135.0 million for goodwill in the Metroland Media Group of CGUs.  This impairment was the result of lower revenue 
projections reflecting current economic conditions coupled with lower forecasted longer term revenues reflecting an 
acceleration in the shift in spending by advertisers from print advertising to digital advertising. 

The Company also recorded a $12.0 million impairment charge in respect of its joint venture investment in Workopolis 
during  the  third  quarter  of  2015  resulting  from  lower  forecasted  revenues  attributable  to  continued  increases  in 
competition in the online recruitment and job search markets as well as prevailing economic conditions.

As a result of the significant change in the market capitalization of the Company during the three months ended 
December 31,  2015, which was an indicator of impairment, the Company performed an additional impairment test 
as at December 31, 2015. In doing so it was determined that the carrying amount of the Metroland Media Group of 
CGUs and Star Media Group of CGUs exceeded their recoverable amounts.  As a result the Company recorded a 
charge of $130.6 million in respect of goodwill in the Metroland Media Group of CGUs, $70.8 million in respect of 
goodwill and $8.0 million in respect of intangible assets in the Star Media Group of CGUs.  In its assessment of the 
recoverable amounts of the group of CGUs, the Company considered both the VIU and FVLCS approaches and 
concluded that due to increased measurement uncertainties involved with the VIU approach, FVLCS was a more 
reliable  and  appropriate  methodology  as  at  December  31,  2015  and  accordingly,  the  Company  calculated  the 
recoverable amount using a forward multiple of forecasted adjusted forward EBITDA.  As the fair value, (as determined 
using Level 3 of the fair value of the hierarchy – please refer to  Note 2 (g) for further discussion) of the Metroland 
Media Group of CGUs and Star Media Group of CGUs at December 31, 2015 were equal to their carrying value 
after recording the above noted impairments, any change in the forward multiple or forecasted adjusted forward 
EBITDA  would  impact  the  recoverable  amount.   A  5%  decrease  in  the  forward  multiple  and  a  5%  decrease  in 
forecasted adjusted EBITDA would decrease the recoverable amount by approximately $11.1 million and $8.8 million 
respectively.

In carrying out this testing in the three months ended December 31, 2015, the Company also recorded a further 
impairment  charge  of  $4.0  million  related  to  its  joint  venture  investment  in  Workopolis  resulting  from  a  further 
downward revision in longer term forecasted revenues reflecting the prevailing business environment.

These impairments had no effect on the Company’s operations or cash flows.  There were no other impairments or 
reversals of impairments recorded as a result of the testing.

The after-tax discount and perpetual growth rates used by the Company for the purpose of its annual impairment 
testing for each of the groups of CGUs in the following periods were:

Metroland Media Group

Star Media Group

Digital Ventures

2016

2015

Discount

11.7%

12.1% – 14.9%

13.3%

Growth

0.0%

0.0%

3.0%

Discount

11.7%

Growth

0.0%

12.0% – 14.8%

0.0% – 0.9%

13.2%

3.0%

The discount rates for the Star Media Group include a range reflective of both the traditional newspaper operations 
and the Toronto Star Touch.  These after-tax rates correspond to pre-tax rates in an estimated range of 14% – 19% 
for 2016 and 14% – 19% for 2015.  The forward multiples used for performing the December 31, 2015 impairment 
test were based on market data of recent transactions as well as analyst reports covering the Company.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   84

 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

13. OTHER ASSETS 

Portfolio investments

ESPP receivable

Other

14. INCOME TAXES 

Income tax expense is made up of the following:

Current income tax expense (recovery):

Current year

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits

Adjustment for prior years

Deferred income tax expense (recovery):

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits

Reduction in carrying amount of deferred income tax assets

Adjustment for prior years

Income tax recovery in the consolidated statement of loss

Current income tax expense (recovery) in OCI

Deferred income tax expense (recovery) in OCI

Reduction in carrying amount of deferred income tax assets in OCI

Income tax expense in OCI

Total income tax expense (recovery)

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$10,344

18

2,052

$12,414

$7,439

115

1,868

$9,422

Year ended December 31

2016

2015

($7,400)

(1,500)

500

(8,400)

2,200

2,300

4,500

(3,900)

100

1,100

1,200

($2,700)

($2,200)

(100)

(2,300)

(28,000)

(400)

28,200

200

(2,300)

(600)

(1,600)

6,000

3,800

$1,500

Income taxes of $0.1 million were paid and refunds of $6.8 million were received during the year from continuing 
operations (2015 – $7.1 million paid and refunds of $0.4 million received).

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   85

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Reconciliation of effective tax rate

The combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory rate was 26.5% in 2016 (2015 – 26.5%). 

Year ended December 31

2016

2015

Loss before taxes from continuing operations

($79,936)

($402,137)

Provision for income taxes based on Canadian statutory rate of 26.5%
(2015 – 26.5%)

($21,200)

($106,600)

Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:

Loss of joint ventures and associated businesses not recognized

10,800

Non-deductible impairment charges

Recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits

Movement in deferred income tax assets not recognized

Non-taxable portion of capital losses (gains)

Non-deductible expenses and other permanent differences

Adjustment for prior years

Effect of lower provincial tax rates

(1,500)

5,000

(1,400)

1,200

2,800

400

10,300

62,100

(400)

28,500

800

1,800

100

1,100

Income tax recovery in the consolidated statement of loss

($3,900)

($2,300)

Effective income tax rate

4.9%

0.6%

In 2014, the Company made a gift of the complete Toronto Star photo archive containing more than one million 
vintage photographs from approximately 1900 to 2000 to the Toronto Public Library.  An application was submitted 
to the Canadian Cultural Property Export Review Board to treat this gift as a donation of Canadian cultural property 
and to determine its value.  The Company reported an estimated income tax recovery of $6.0 million in respect of 
this donation.

During  2016,  the  Canadian  Cultural  Property  Export  Review  Board  completed  its  review  of  the  application  and 
concluded on both the value of the donation and the Canadian cultural property designation.  The review board 
concluded on a lower value for the donation than originally estimated by independent valuations.  The adjustment 
for prior years includes an adjustment of $3.0 million to the estimated income tax recovery in respect of this donation.

In 2016, the Company utilized a previously unrecognized tax benefit related to its equity investment in Shop.ca to 
reduce current tax expense.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities

Net deferred income tax assets

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   86

 
TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2016 and 
December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Recognized
in net income
or loss from
continuing
operations

Recognized
in OCI from
continuing
operations

Recognized
in net income
or loss from
discontinued
operations

December 31,
2016

December 31,
2015

$1,124

(4,639)

(6,259)

900

(1,761)

666

2,776

8,779

1,098

($274)

(737)

2,791

(100)

(200)

(47)

503

(2,217)

(103)

7,776

2,458
$12,918

(1,492)

(2,624)
($4,500)

($700)

(400)

($900)

($1,100)

($900)

$850

(5,376)

(3,468)

100

(1,961)

619

3,279

5,662

995

5,884

(166)
$6,418

$11,322

(4,904)

$6,418

Provisions for returns and doubtful accounts

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Financial instruments

Provision for employee benefit obligations

Share-based payment transactions

Tax losses carried forward

Provisions

Goodwill

Excess tax basis over carrying value of

investments

Other
Net deferred income tax assets

As reported in the consolidated statement

of financial position

Deferred income tax assets

Deferred income tax liabilities

Net deferred income tax assets

Provisions for returns and doubtful accounts

Property, plant and equipment

Intangible assets

Financial instruments

$15,233

(2,315)

$12,918

December 31,
2014

$1,520

(7,163)

(7,409)

($396)

2,524

1,150

200

Recognized
in net income
or loss from
continuing
operations

Recognized
in OCI from
continuing
operations

Reclassified 
to Assets 
held 
for sale

December 31,
2015

Provision for employee benefit obligations

19,950

(16,611)

Share-based payment transactions

Tax losses carried forward

Provisions

Goodwill

Excess tax basis over carrying value of

investments

Other
Net deferred income tax assets

As reported in the consolidated statement of

financial position

Deferred income tax assets

Deferred income tax liabilities

Net deferred income tax assets

1,769

6,770

7,657

(16,266)

7,845

1,745
$16,418

$28,126

(11,708)

$16,418

(1,103)

(3,994)

222

17,364

(69)

713

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   87

$700

(5,100)

900

($4,400)

$900

$1,124

(4,639)

(6,259)

900

(1,761)

666

2,776

8,779

1,098

7,776

2,458
$12,918

$15,233

(2,315)

$12,918

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

As at December 31, 2016, the Company has unrecognized deferred income tax assets in respect of deductible 
temporary differences and tax losses of $160.0 million (2015 – $138.7 million).

The Company has tax losses available to be carried forward and has recognized a deferred income tax asset in 
respect of these losses to the extent that it is probable that they will be utilized before they expire.

At  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  had  Canadian  non-capital  losses  available  for  carry  forward  in  continuing 
operations of approximately $28.5 million (2015 – $10.5 million) that will expire between 2028 and 2036 for which it 
has recognized a deferred income tax asset of $3.3 million (2015 – $2.8 million).  The Company also had capital 
losses of $2.9 million (2015 – $2.9 million) that can be carried forward indefinitely and applied against future capital 
gains, for which no deferred income tax asset has been recognized.

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

As at December 31, 2016, the excess of the tax basis over the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries, associates 
and joint ventures for which a deferred income tax asset has not been recognized was $580.9 million (2015 – $516.3 
million).

15. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values unless otherwise noted.

Financial assets:

Loans and receivables, measured at amortized cost:
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash (current)

Trade accounts receivable
Other receivables
Receivables

Available-for-sale, measured at fair value:
Portfolio investments¹

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$75,374
11,847

112,730
3,757
116,487

$35,141
37,935

140,930
4,067
144,997

10,344

7,439

Derivatives designated as effective hedges, measured at fair value:
Foreign currency forward contracts

(472)

(6,543)

Other financial liabilities, measured at amortized cost:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Provisions (current)
Provisions (non-current)

(101,133)
(28,473)
(11,104)

(122,296)
(29,021)
(13,228)

¹ These amounts are included in Other assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   88

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities by level of hierarchy was as follows:

Measured at fair value:
Portfolio investments
Derivative financial instruments:

At December 31, 2016

At December 31, 2015

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$10,344

$7,439

  - Foreign currency collar arrangements

($472)

  - Foreign currency forward contracts

($6,543)

Changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial instruments were as follows:

Balance, beginning of year

Additions (note 26)

Distributions received

Net losses included in net income (note 23)

Exchange differences and OCI

Balance, end of year

Interest and financing costs

Interest earned on short-term investments

Interest accretion costs

Interest – other
Net financial expense related to employee benefit plans

Year ended December 31

2016

$7,439

368

(373)

2,910

$10,344

2015

$7,372

2,021

(2,300)

346

$7,439

Year ended December 31

2016

$427

(355)

(81)
(3,071)

($3,080)

2015

$1,925

(802)

(63)
(3,106)

($2,046)

Interest paid during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $0.1 million (2015 – $0.1 million).  Interest received 
during the year ended December 31, 2016 was $0.5 million (2015 – $1.9 million).

Risk management

The Company is exposed to various risks related to its financial assets and liabilities, which include liquidity risk, 
credit risk and market risk.  These risk exposures are managed on an ongoing basis. 

(i)  Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due or at a 
reasonable  cost.    The  Company  manages  liquidity  risk  by  maintaining  sufficient  balances  in  cash  and  cash 
equivalents.  As at December 31, 2016, the Company had $75.4 million in cash and cash equivalents (December 31, 
2015 – $35.1 million). 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   89

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities, based on contractual undiscounted payments, is as follows:

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022+

Total

Foreign currency collar arrangements

$472

Accounts payable and accrued

liabilities¹

Licenses

Provisions

98,925

2,208

$1,375

28,473

5,650

1,688

$1,179

$130,078

$7,025

$1,688

$1,179

$793

$793

$2,384

$2,384

$472

98,925

3,583

40,167

$143,147

¹ This amount excludes the $2.2 million of Licenses payable in 2017.

(ii)  Credit risk

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to credit risk from its accounts receivable from customers.  
The carrying amounts of accounts receivable are net of allowances for doubtful accounts.  Allowances for doubtful 
accounts are estimated based on past experience, specific risks associated with the customer and other relevant 
information. 

The Company is exposed to credit related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative 
instruments.  Given their high credit ratings, the Company does not anticipate any counterparties failing to meet 
their obligations.  The Company has a policy, approved by the Board of Directors, of only contracting with major 
financial institutions as counterparties.

The maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying value of the financial assets.

The following table sets out the ageing of the trade receivables:

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Gross accounts receivable:

Current

Up to three months past due date

Three to twelve months past due date

Impaired

Allowances for doubtful accounts

The continuity of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

Balance, beginning of year

Utilized

Income statement movements

Balance, end of year

$55,624

52,247

10,151

65

118,087

(5,357)

$63,101

72,811

10,105

207

146,224

(5,294)

$112,730

$140,930

Year ended December 31

2016

($5,294)

958

(1,021)

($5,357)

2015

($6,186)

2,685

(1,793)

($5,294)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   90

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

(iii)  Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates will affect 
the Company’s income or the value of its financial instruments.

a.  Foreign currency risk

The  Company’s  primary  exposure  to  foreign  currency  risk  is  through  its  investment  in  VerticalScope,  which  is 
denominated in the U.S. dollar.  In order to offset the foreign exchange risk on its consolidated statement of financial 
position from its net investment in VerticalScope, the Company had entered into rolling forward foreign exchange 
contracts as of the date of the investment.  The forward foreign exchange contracts were designated as a hedge 
of the net investment in VerticalScope.  Gains or losses on the translation of the effective portion of the designated 
hedge amount were transferred to OCI to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment.  Any 
changes to the U.S. dollar/Cdn. dollar exchange rate would be offset by the gains or losses on translation of the 
net investment to the extent of hedge effectiveness.

As at December 31, 2015, the forward contracts outstanding established a rate of exchange of Cdn. dollar per U.S. 
dollar of $1.34 for U.S. $137.0 million in 2016.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company extinguished the U.S. dollar rolling forward contracts and 
simultaneously entered into three collar arrangements totalling $137.0 million with a range of Cdn. $1.46 to Cdn. 
$1.19 for U.S. $1.00 maturing in 2017.  The collar options have been designated as a hedge of the net investment 
in VerticalScope.  Any fluctuations in fair value arising from fluctuations in the rate of exchange of Cdn. dollar per 
U.S. dollar outside this collar range will be recorded in OCI to the extent of hedge effectiveness while any fluctuations 
within the collar range will be recorded in net income or loss.

The  hedges  were  highly  effective  during  the  years  ended  December 31,  2016  and  December  31,  2015.    The 
ineffective portion of the hedges resulted in a gain of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 (2015 – 
loss of $1.7 million) and has been included in foreign exchange in the consolidated statement of income or loss. 

The net fair value of the collar options outstanding at December 31, 2016 was $0.5 million unfavourable (December 
31, 2015 – the net fair value of the forward contracts outstanding was $6.5 million unfavourable).  Forward foreign 
exchange contracts settled during the year ended December 31, 2016 were $0.3 million favourable (2015 – $4.4 
million unfavourable).

In February 2017, the Company rolled over the three collar arrangements totalling $137.0 million and simultaneously 
entered into a new $137.0 million zero cost collar arrangement with a range of Cdn. $1.20 to Cdn. $1.40 for U.S. 
$1.00 maturing in 2018.

b.  Interest rate risk

The Company is currently exposed to interest rate risk on its cash equivalents.  An assumed decrease of 1% in the 
Company’s  short-term  investment  rates  during  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016  would  have  decreased  net 
income by $0.4 million (2015 – $1.0 million), with an equal but opposite effect for an assumed increase of 1% in 
short-term investment rates.

16. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

The Company’s capital management objectives are to maintain financial flexibility in order to preserve its capacity 
to meet its financial commitments, to meet its potential obligations resulting from internal growth and acquisitions 
and to pay dividends.

The Company defines capital as total equity.  At December 31, 2016, capital under management was $326.2 million 
(December 31,  2015  –  $419.7  million).    There  have  been  no  changes  to  the  Company's  approach  to  capital 
management during the year.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company manages its capital structure in accordance with changes in economic conditions.  In order to maintain 
or adjust its capital structure, subject to capital market conditions, the Company may elect to adjust the amount of 
debt outstanding, adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to its shareholders, repurchase 
its shares in the marketplace, issue new shares or sell assets. 

The Company is currently meeting all its financial commitments.  The Company is not subject to any external capital 
requirements.

17. PROVISIONS

Balance at December 31, 2014

Provisions made during the year

Reversals of provisions during the year

Discontinued operations

Adjustment to contingent consideration

Provisions paid during the year

Interest accretion

Balance at December 31, 2015

Provisions made during the year

Reversals of provisions during the year

Discontinued operations

Adjustment to contingent consideration

Provisions paid during the year

Interest accretion

Balance at December 31, 2016

Current

Non-current

Balance at December 31, 2015

Current

Non-current

Balance at December 31, 2014

Current

Non-current

Restructuring

Restructuring

Other

Total

$30,818

28,328

(1,054)

(25,504)

698

$33,286

48,477

(3,989)

(40,900)

256

$37,130

$26,026

$11,104

$20,058

$13,228

$14,051

$16,767

$8,539

137

(137)

5,800

(5)

(5,371)

$8,963

(1,400)

(10)

(5,106)

$2,447

$2,447

$8,963

$8,532

$7

$39,357

28,465

(1,191)

5,800

(5)

(30,875)

698

$42,249

48,477

(3,989)

(1,400)

(10)

(46,006)

256

$39,577

$28,473

$11,104

$29,021

$13,228

$22,583

$16,774

During  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016,  the  Company  recorded  restructuring  charges  of  $45.8  million.   The 
restructuring charges included $44.5 million related to ongoing efforts to reduce costs (including a provision of $20.0 
million in respect of the outsourcing of printing of the Toronto Star to Transcontinental Printing) as well as additional 
charges of $0.5 million in respect of inventory related to MMG's decision to phase out product sales and $0.8 million 
write-off of receivables.  Restructuring charges of $13.5 million were recorded in the MMG Segment; $31.7 million
in the SMG Segment and $0.6 million at Corporate. 

In 2015, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $30.2 million, which included restructuring charges 
of $30.2 million and other charges of less than $0.1 million.  The restructuring charges included $27.3 million related 
to ongoing efforts to reduce costs as well as additional charges of $2.6 million in respect of inventory related to 
MMG's decision to phase out product sales and $0.3 million write-off of receivables.  Restructuring charges of $19.7 
million were recorded in the MMG Segment and $10.5 million in the SMG Segment. 

The non-current restructuring provisions are expected to be paid out through 2029.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   92

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Other

In connection with the sale of Harlequin, the Company indemnified the Purchaser for costs and fees related to certain 
matters including certain tax and pre-existing litigation matters.  The Company assessed the fees that it may incur 
as well as the probability of occurrence of any losses in respect of these matters, estimated the exposure under 
these indemnities and recorded a contingent liability in respect of these matters.  The Company reviews the estimates 
at  each  reporting  period  and  any  required  adjustments  are  included  in  the  determination  of  Income  (loss)  from 
discontinued operations.

Other  provisions  also  include  provisions  for  contingent  consideration,  which  is  an  estimate  of  the  fair  value  of 
contingent consideration for acquisitions, which are primarily based on revenue and earnings levels estimated to be 
realized by the acquired businesses for specified periods following the acquisition.

The Company is also involved in various legal actions, which arise in the ordinary course of business.  While the 
final outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, any additional liability that may arise from such 
contingencies is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations of 
the Company.

On  October  21,  2016,  the  Company  accepted  service  of  a  proposed  class  action  proceeding  that  has  been 
commenced in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against the Company, certain of its subsidiaries and employees, 
and other third parties relating to the sale and display of certain advertisements on the wheels.ca and autocatch.com 
digital properties.  The representative plaintiffs are  two used car dealers.  They are  seeking damages based on 
alleged breach of contract, negligence, and misleading marketing practices.  The action has not yet been certified 
as a class action.  While there can be no assurance as to the outcome of any litigation, based on information currently 
available to us, the Company believes the claims are without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously.

18. OTHER LIABILITIES 

Employees' shares subscribed (note 21(b))

RSU Plan (note 21(c))

DSU Plan (note 21(e))

Other employment benefits 

Licenses

Other

19. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

$765

754

1,651

1,401

1,308

1,737

$7,616

$1,294

778

1,828

1,504

3,419

1,049

$9,872

The Company maintains a number of defined benefit plans which provide pension benefits to its employees in the 
Province of Ontario.  The Ontario registered pension plans are regulated by the Financial Services Commission of 
Ontario.  Pension benefits are calculated based on a combination of years of service and compensation levels.  The 
contributions  for  the  most  significant  plans  are  based  on  career  average  earnings  with  a  base  year  upgrade.  
Pensionable earnings for years of service prior to the base year are calculated using the base year earnings.  The 
current base year for Canadian plans is 2005.  None of the plans include mandatory indexing provisions.  The assets 
of the funded plans are held by third party trustees.  Funding for the plans is comprised of employer and employee 
contributions.  The determination of the minimum level of Company contributions is calculated using actuarial valuations 
that are prepared by independent actuaries based on the provisions in each plan and legislative regulations.  The 
obligations for unfunded plans are paid when the obligation falls due.  All defined benefit pension plans are closed to 
new members.

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   93

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company also maintains defined contribution plans in Canada.  Employee contributions are matched by the 
Company according to plan formulae and the contributions are held  and managed by third party providers.  The 
Company has no further payment obligations once the matching contributions have been paid.  

Other  post  employment  benefits  plans  provide  for  various  health  and  life  insurance  benefits  to  employees  in  the 
newspaper operations hired prior to August 23, 2000.  The annual costs are calculated by independent actuaries and 
are based on historical and projected usage patterns and costs. 

Governance of the above plans is the Company’s responsibility.  The Pension Committee of the Company’s Board 
of Directors provides oversight of the registered pension plans and defined contribution plans in Canada.

Information concerning the Company’s post employment benefit plans is as follows:

Net defined benefit plan obligations

Changes to the net defined benefit obligation (asset) were as follows:

At December 31, 2014

Expense recognized in the consolidated
statement of income or loss:

Salaries and benefits

Interest and financing costs

Amounts recognized in OCI

Contributions to plans

At December 31, 2015

Expense recognized in the consolidated
statement of income or loss:

Salaries and benefits

Restructuring and other charges

Interest and financing costs

Amounts recognized in OCI

Contributions to plans

At December 31, 2016

Pension plans

Funded

$11,687

Unfunded 1
$16,783

Other post
employment
benefit plans

Total

$47,602

$76,072

17,452

683

18,135

(445)

(17,951)

11,426

14,401

835

599

15,835

3,351

(17,951)

$12,661

537

604

1,141

3,393

(79)

21,238

612

676

1,288

(1,782)

(10,086)

$10,658

364

1,819

2,183

469

(2,379)

47,875

187

(600)

1,796

1,383

165

(2,408)

$47,015

18,353

3,106

21,459

3,417

(20,409)

80,539

15,200

235

3,071

18,506

1,734

(30,445)

$70,334

1   As at December 31, 2016, the unfunded pension plan includes an executive retirement plan liability of $10.7 million (December 31, 
2015 – $21.2 million) which is supported by an outstanding letter of credit of $10.5 million as at December 31, 2016 (December 31, 
2015 – $15.1 million).

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

A summary of the components of the net defined benefit obligation as at December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

2016

Pension plans

Defined benefit obligations

Fair value of plan assets

Net defined benefit obligation

Recorded in:

Assets

Liabilities

2015

Defined benefit obligations

Fair value of plan assets

Net defined benefit obligation

Recorded in:

Assets

Liabilities

Funded

$913,578

(900,917)

$12,661

$7,073

$19,734

Unfunded

$10,658

Other post
employment
benefit plans

$47,015

$10,658

$47,015

$10,658

$47,015

Pension plans

Funded

Unfunded

Other post
employment
benefit plans

$920,659

(909,233)

$11,426

$6,922

$18,348

$21,238

$47,875

$21,238

$47,875

$21,238

$47,875

Total

$971,251

(900,917)

$70,334

$7,073

$77,407

Total

$989,772

(909,233)

$80,539

$6,922

$87,461

The following charts provide a summary of changes in the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets 
during 2016 and 2015:

2016

Accrued benefit obligations:

Balance, beginning of year

Current service cost

Interest cost

Benefits paid

Remeasurement losses (gains)

Participant contributions

Special termination benefits

Curtailment

Balance, end of year

Plans’ assets:

Fair value, beginning of year

Interest income included in net interest expense

Remeasurement gains

Benefits paid

Employer contributions

Participant contributions

Administration costs

Fair value, end of year

Funded status – deficit

Pension Plans

Funded

Unfunded

Other post
employment
benefit plans

Total

$920,659

$21,238

$47,875

$989,772

612

676

(10,086)

(1,782)

12,896

35,247

(68,940)

9,919

2,962

1,022

(187)

$913,578

$10,658

187

1,796

(2,408)

165

(600)

$47,015

$909,233

34,648

6,568

(68,940)

17,951

2,962

(1,505)

$900,917

$12,661

(10,086)

10,086

(2,408)

2,408

$10,658

$47,015

13,695

37,719

(81,434)

8,302

2,962

1,022

(787)

$971,251

$909,233

34,648

6,568

(81,434)

30,445

2,962

(1,505)

$900,917

$70,334

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   95

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

2015

Accrued benefit obligations:

Balance, beginning of year

Current service cost

Interest cost

Benefits paid

Remeasurement losses (gains)

Participant contributions

Past service cost

Balance, end of year

Plans’ assets:

Fair value, beginning of year

Interest income included in net interest expense

Remeasurement losses

Benefits paid

Employer contributions

Participant contributions

Administration costs

Fair value, end of year

Funded status – deficit

Pension Plans

Funded

Unfunded

Other post
employment
benefit plans

Total

$930,398

$16,783

$47,602

$994,783

14,805

35,840

(63,024)

(2,082)

3,542

1,180

537

604

(79)

3,393

364

1,819

(2,379)

469

15,706

38,263

(65,482)

1,780

3,542

1,180

$920,659

$21,238

$47,875

$989,772

$918,711

35,157

(1,637)

(63,024)

17,951

3,542

(1,467)

$909,233

$11,426

(79)

79

(2,379)

2,379

$21,238

$47,875

$918,711

35,157

(1,637)

(65,482)

20,409

3,542

(1,467)

$909,233

$80,539

Net benefit expense for defined benefit plans recognized in the 2016 and 2015 consolidated statement of income or 
loss is as follows:

2016

Current service cost

Net interest expense

Special termination benefits

Curtailment

Administration costs

Net benefit expense

Pension plans

Unfunded

$612

676

Funded

$12,896

599

1,022

(187)

1,505

Other post
employment
benefit plans

$187

1,796

(600)

Total

$13,695

3,071

1,022

(787)

1,505

$15,835

$1,288

$1,383

$18,506

2015

Pension plans

Unfunded

$537

604

Funded

$14,805

683

1,180

1,467

Other post
employment
benefit plans

$364

1,819

Total

$15,706

3,106

1,180

1,467

$18,135

$1,141

$2,183

$21,459

Current service cost

Net interest expense

Past service cost

Administration costs

Net benefit expense

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   96

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Amounts recognized in the  2016 and 2015 consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss (before tax):

2016

Remeasurement gains (losses):

Actuarial gain (loss) from:

Financial assumptions

Demographic assumptions

Experience adjustment

Total actuarial gains (losses)

Return on plan assets excluding amounts

included in net interest expense

Amounts recognized in OCI

2015

Remeasurement gains (losses):

Actuarial gain (loss) from:

Financial assumptions

Demographic assumptions

Experience adjustment

Total actuarial gains (losses)

Return on plan assets excluding amounts

included in net interest expense

Amounts recognized in OCI

Pension plans

Funded

Unfunded

Other post
employment
benefit plans

Total

($12,049)

2,130

(9,919)

6,568

($3,351)

($533)

($12,485)

$97

2,018

(333)

1,782

368

(165)

2,018

2,165

(8,302)

6,568

($1,734)

$1,782

($165)

Pension plans

Funded

Unfunded

Other post
employment
benefit plans

Total

$2,560

(478)

2,082

(1,637)

$445

($1,401)

(1,842)

(150)

(3,393)

($211)

(258)

(469)

($3,393)

($469)

$948

(1,842)

(886)

(1,780)

(1,637)

($3,417)

The significant assumptions used by the Company in  2016 and 2015 are noted below.  Assumptions regarding future 
mortality are based on actuarial advice in accordance with published mortality statistics and experience.  For the 
Canadian plans in  2016 and 2015, the Company used the 2014 Private Sector Canadian Pensioners' Mortality Table 
projected generationally using scale B with a multiplier applied at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 (for 
the larger plans, the multiplier ranged from 94% to 103%).

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Pension plans

Other post employment benefit
plans

To determine benefit obligation at end of year:

Discount rate

3.2% to 3.8%

3.1% to 3.9%

3.8%

Rate of future compensation increase

2.5%

2.0% to 2.5%

2016

2015

2016

2015

3.9%

To determine benefit expense:

Discount rate

3.1% to 3.9%

3.5% to 3.9%

3.9%

3.9%

Rate of future compensation increase

2.0% to 2.5% 2.25% to 2.75%

Health care cost trend rates at end of year:

Initial rate

Ultimate rate

Year ultimate rate reached

Longevity for pensioners currently at age 65:

4.8%

5.0%

2017

4.6%

5.0%

2017

Male

Female

21.8 years

24.2 years

21.7 years

24.2 years

The effect of a one percent increase or decrease in significant financial assumptions used for the Company’s pension 
and other post employment benefit plans would result in an increase (decrease) in the accrued benefit obligation:

Pension plans:

Discount rate

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

1% increase

1% decrease

1% increase

1% decrease

($113,605)

$129,897

($116,645)

$133,583

Rate of compensation increase

8,651

(8,503)

8,642

(8,494)

Other post employment benefit plans:

Discount rate

Per capita cost of health care

(4,880)

1,336

5,945

(1,166)

(5,121)

1,264

6,266

(1,102)

For the significant pension plans, the impact of a change in longevity rates if members were one year younger than 
their actual age would increase the net benefit obligation by 2.4% (December 31, 2015 – 2.2%). 

The above sensitivity analyses are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant, 
which in practice is unlikely to occur as changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated.  The calculation of 
the sensitivities uses the same methods that were applied when calculating the net accrued benefit obligation in the 
statement of financial position.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

Pension plan assets for the Canadian plans, measured as at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows: 

Investments quoted in active markets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Equity investments

Canada

United States

Outside North America

Unquoted investments:

Fixed income

Government of Canada

Provinces and municipalities of Canada

Canadian Corporations

Pooled funds

Equity – North America

Fixed Income – Canadian Corporations

2016

2015

$147,457

$144,532

111,353

67,839

81,659

44,616

338,239

33,309

2,067

74,378

$900,917

90,726

66,602

83,497

56,989

331,900

41,486

2,726

90,775

$909,233

Through its defined benefit plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks the most significant of which include 
changes in long-term discount rates used to calculate plan liabilities, the rate of return on plan assets, and changes 
in demographics, mortality and plan experience.  These factors impact the potential for inadequate plan funding, 
unfunded obligations and increases in contributions.

The Company periodically reviews its targeted investment portfolio mix.  At December 31, 2016, the target allocation 
mix was 29% equity securities and 71% fixed income securities for the Canadian plans (December 31, 2015 – 36% 
equity securities and 64% fixed income securities).

The Company’s 2016 actual funding for its Canadian registered pension plans was approximately $18 million (2015 
–  $18  million).    The  Company  has  prepared  actuarial  reports  as  of  December  31,  2013  for  its  significant  plans.  
Estimated funding in 2017 is expected to be approximately $18 million.  The next required actuarial reports will be as 
of December 31, 2016.

The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation is 12.9 years (2015 – 12.9 years).  As at December 31, 
2016, the expected maturity profile of the undiscounted pension plan and other post employment benefits is $49 
million in the next year, $470 million in 2 to 10 years and $1,090 million in over 10 years (December 31, 2015 – $49 
million in the next year, $471 million in 2 to 10 years and $1,148 million in over 10 years for continuing operations).

Defined contribution plans

The total amount expensed for defined contribution plans in 2016 was $1.8 million (2015 – $1.9 million). 

20. SHARE CAPITAL 

(a)  Rights attaching to the Company’s share capital:

(i)  Class A (voting) and Class B (non-voting) shares, no par value

Class A and Class B shareholders may elect to receive dividends in cash or stock dividends in the form of Class 
B shares.  Class A shares are convertible at any time at the option of the holder into Class B shares. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   99

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

(ii) Voting provisions

Class B shares are non-voting unless the Company has failed to pay the full quarterly preferential dividend (7.5 
cents per annum) on the Class B non-voting shares in each of eight consecutive quarters. 

(iii)  Restrictions on transfer

Registration of the transfer of any of the Company’s shares may be refused if such transfer could jeopardize 
either the ability of the Company to engage in broadcasting or its status as a Canadian newspaper or periodical 
publisher.

(b)  Summary of changes in the Company’s share capital:

Class A shares (voting)

Balance, beginning of period

Converted to Class B

Balance, end of period

Class B shares (non-voting)

Balance, beginning of period

Converted from Class A

Dividend reinvestment plan

Issued under ESPP

Share option plan

Other

Balance, end of period

Year ended December 31

2016

2015

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

9,839,355

(13,140)

9,826,215

$2,673

9,851,964

(3)

(12,609)

$2,670

9,839,355

$2,676

(3)

$2,673

70,707,063

$399,827

70,355,301

$397,901

13,140

93,201

76,868

1,050

3

168

144

2

12,609

151,466

119,650

67,187

850

70,891,322

$400,144

70,707,063

3

682

763

473

5

$399,827

$402,500

Total Class A and Class B shares

80,717,537

$402,814

80,546,418

An unlimited number of Class B shares is authorized.  While the number of Class A shares is unlimited, the issuance 
of further Class A shares may, under certain circumstances, require unanimous board approval.

(c)  Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share amounts have been determined by dividing net income or loss attributable to equity 
shareholders by the weighted average number of Class A and Class B shares outstanding during the period.

The treasury stock method is used for the calculation of the dilutive effect of share options and other dilutive securities.  
In calculating diluted per share amounts under the treasury stock method, the numerator remains unchanged from 
the basic per share calculation as the assumed exercise of the Company’s share options and the ESPP does not 
result in an adjustment to income or loss.

The reconciliation of the denominator in calculating diluted per share amounts is as follows:

(thousands of shares)

Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted

Year ended December 31

2016

80,653

2015

80,400

Outstanding share options totalling 5,686,932 (December 31, 2015 – 5,543,589), which are anti-dilutive, have been 
excluded from the above calculation of dilutive securities.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

(d)  Dividends

The following dividends were declared and distributed by the Company per Class A (voting) share and Class B 
(non-voting) share, and in total:

First quarter ended March 31: 6.5 cents (2015 – 13.125 cents)

Second quarter ended June 30: 6.5 cents (2015 – 13.125 cents)

Third quarter ended September 30: 2.5 cents (2015 – 13.125 cents)

Fourth quarter ended December 31: 2.5 cents (2015 – 13.125 cents)

Total dividends

21. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS 

(a)  Share option plan

Year ended December 31

2016

$5,236

5,243

2,018

2,017

$14,514

2015

$10,536

10,555

10,558

10,565

$42,214

The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the share option plan is 15,000,000 and the number of 
shares reserved for issuance to insiders (together with shares issuable to insiders under all other share compensation 
arrangements) cannot exceed 10% of the outstanding Class A and Class B shares.  The term of the options shall 
not exceed ten years from the date the option is granted.  Up to 25% of an option grant may be exercised twelve 
months after the date granted, and a further 25% after each subsequent anniversary.  As of December 31, 2016, 
options  to  purchase  11,669,284  shares  have  been  granted,  net  of  options  cancelled  (December 31,  2015  –  
11,555,941).

A summary of changes in the share option plan is as follows:

Units outstanding, beginning of year

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited or expired

Units outstanding, end of year

2016

2015

Share options

5,543,589

1,389,039

(1,245,696)

5,686,932

Weighted
average
exercise price

$8.66

$2.78

($9.31)

$7.08

Share options

4,752,118

1,406,876

(67,187)

(548,218)

5,543,589

Weighted 
average 
exercise price

$9.89

$6.52

($5.87)

($13.72)

$8.66

The weighted average share price when the options were exercised during 2015 was $7.07.

As at December 31, 2016, outstanding share options were as follows:

Range of exercise price

$2.78 – $8.37

$12.21 – $22.14

$2.78 – $22.14

Share options
outstanding

5,044,310

642,622

5,686,932

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual life

6.67 years

2.35 years

6.18 years

Weighted
average
exercise price

Share options
exerciseable

Weighted
average
exercise price

$6.00

$15.54

$7.08

2,459,886

642,622

3,102,508

$7.35

$15.54

$9.05

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The fair value of the share options on the date of grant and the key assumptions used are as follows:

Fair Value

Risk-free interest rate

Expected dividend yield

Expected share price volatility

2016

$0.30 – $0.35

0.6% – 1.1%

9.4%

2015

$0.81 – $0.93

1.3% – 1.5%

8.1%

34.2% – 38.9%

36.1% – 44.1%

Expected weighted average time until exercise (years)

6

6

In January 2017, 776,447 share options were granted at an exercise price of $1.91 per share. 

(b)  ESPP

As at December 31, outstanding employee subscriptions were as follows:

Maturing in

Subscription price at entry date

Number of shares

2016

2015

2017

$6.28

62,046

2018

$1.84

203,975

2016

$7.65

91,581

2017

$6.28

94,515

The fair value of the subscriptions on the subscription date and the key assumptions used are as follows:

Fair Value

Risk-free interest rate

Expected dividend yield

Expected share price volatility

Expected time until exercise (years)

(c)  RSU plan

A summary of changes in the RSU plan is as follows:

Units outstanding, beginning of year

Vested and paid

Granted

Forfeited

Dividend equivalents

Units outstanding, end of year

2016

$0.23

0.6%

14.3%

47.2%

2

2015

$0.62

0.6%

8.4%

34.9%

2

2016

872,160

(294,936)

446,762

(124,075)

75,823

975,734

2015

827,936

(191,181)

256,858

(52,389)

30,936

872,160

In 2014, the Company amended the RSU plan to accrue dividend equivalents on all grants beginning with the 2015 
fiscal year, payable in additional units in an amount equal to dividends paid on Class B non-voting shares of the 
Company.  The dividend equivalents are expensed over the vesting period of the grant.

As at December 31, 2016, 679,576 units have been accrued at a value of $1.3 million of which 284,468 units have 
been accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at a value of $0.5 million while 395,108 units have been 
accrued in Other liabilities at a value of $0.8 million (December 31, 2015 – 574,918 units were accrued at a value 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   102

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

of $1.6 million of which 294,936 units were accrued in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at a value of $0.8 
million and 279,982 units were accrued in Other liabilities at a value of $0.8 million).

The Company has entered into a derivative instrument in order to lock in the expense for 345,300 RSUs.  Changes 
in the fair value of this instrument are recorded as compensation expense and offset the impact of changes in the 
value of the RSUs that have been accrued.   As the RSUs are accrued over the three-year period until the RSUs 
vest, there will not be an exact offset each period.

In January 2017, 498,514 RSUs were granted and 284,468 RSUs have vested and were paid.

In 2016, the Company has recognized share-based compensation expense totalling $1.4 million  (2015 – $1.7 

(d) 
million).

(e)  DSU plan

A summary of changes in the DSU plan is as follows:

Units outstanding, beginning of year

Granted

Directors’ mandatory retainer

Directors’ voluntary election

Dividends

Redemption

Units outstanding, end of year

2016

657,483

160,072

10,833

21,913

96,595

(82,749)

864,147

2015

554,876

57,260

7,202

13,290

69,836

(44,981)

657,483

As at December 31, 2016, the 864,147 units outstanding were valued at $1.7 million (December 31, 2015  –  657,483 
units valued at $1.8 million).

The Company has entered into a derivative instrument in order to offset its exposure to 490,000 units.  Changes in 
the fair value of this instrument are recorded as compensation expense and offset the impact of changes in the value 
of the outstanding DSUs.

22. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

The following is a continuity for the components of Accumulated other comprehensive income:

Foreign CTA 1

Available-for-sale 
securities 2

Net investment 
hedge 3

As at December 31, 2014

OCI

As at December 31, 2015

OCI

$21

10,761

10,782

(5,432)

As at December 31, 2016

$5,350

346

346

$2,510

$2,856

Total

$21

3,100

3,121

2,055

(8,007)

(8,007)

4,977

($3,030)

$5,176

1Net of deferred income tax asset/liability of $nil (2015 – $nil).
2Net of deferred income tax liability of $400 (2015 – $nil).
3Net of current income tax recovery of $500 (2015 – deferred income tax asset of $700 and current income tax recovery of $600).

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   103

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

23. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) 

Gain on sale of assets
Investment write-down and loss
Gain on sale of associated business
Adjustment to contingent consideration
Other

2016

Year ended December 31

2016

$24,338

10

$24,348

2015

($2,300)
155
5
303

($1,837)

In February 2016, the Company sold a real estate property in Mississauga for net cash proceeds of $5.5 million and 
recorded a gain of $1.3 million.

In July 2016, the Company sold a real estate property in Guelph for net cash proceeds of $1.9 million and recorded 
a gain of $1.3 million.

In September 2016, the Company sold the Vaughan printing facility and surrounding lands for net cash proceeds of 
$53.6 million and recorded a gain of $21.8 million.

2015

The Company recorded a write-down of $2.3 million in respect of one of its portfolio investments.

24. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

On August 1, 2014, the Company sold all of the shares of Harlequin (which previously represented the Company’s 
Book  Publishing  Segment)  to  a  division  of  HarperCollins  Publishers  L.L.C.,  a  subsidiary  of  News  Corp.  (the 
“Purchaser”).  In connection with the sale, the Company indemnified the Purchaser for costs and fees related to certain 
matters including certain tax and pre-existing litigation matters for which the Company estimated the exposure under 
these indemnities and recorded a contingent liability in respect of these matters.  During the year ended December 31, 
2016, the Company reviewed its estimates and recorded a reduction in its provisions of $1.4 million (2015 – recorded 
an additional charge of $5.8 million) as presented below:

(i) 

Statement of Income

Gain (loss) on sale of Harlequin (note 17)

Income before taxes from discontinued operations

Income and other taxes

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

Attributable to:

Equity shareholders

Year ended December 31

2016

$1,400

1,400

(200)

$1,200

2015

(5,800)

(5,800)

800

($5,000)

$1,200

($5,000)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to

equity shareholders per Class A (voting) and Class B (non-voting)
share (note 20(c)):

Basic and Diluted

$0.01

($0.06)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   104

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

(ii)  Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
Comprehensive income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of

tax

Attributable to:

Equity shareholders

Year ended December 31

2016

$1,200

$1,200

2015

($5,000)

($5,000)

$1,200

($5,000)

25. OTHER NON-CASH ITEMS PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Share-based compensation plans

Foreign exchange

Restructuring provisions

Investment write-down and loss

Gain on sale of investments

Interest accretion

Other

Year ended December 31

2016

$740

(298)

(2,380)

355

(1,343)

($2,926)

2015

($1,645)

1,022

(4,237)

2,300

(155)

802

(336)

($2,249)

26. ACQUISITIONS AND PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS 

2016 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company made additional investments of $0.4 million in its portfolio 
investments as indicated below:

Year ended December 31, 2016

Contingent consideration on prior acquisitions

Portfolio investments

Total cash used in acquisitions and portfolio investments

MMG
Segment

SMG 
Segment

Corporate

Total

$5

18

$23

$350

$350

$5

368

$373

2015 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company completed an acquisition in its MMG Segment for less 
than $0.1 million.  The Company also made portfolio investments for cash of $2.0 million.

In addition, the Company made payments of less than $0.1 million for contingent consideration in respect of prior 
year acquisitions (Carroll Publishing in the MMG Segment and Inside Queen's Park in the SMG Segment).

Total cash used for acquisition and portfolio investments was $2.1 million.

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TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

The acquisition made was in respect of London Baby Expo (a consumer show for baby products) on March 1, 2015.  
This acquisition contributed approximately $0.1 million of revenue and less than $0.1 million of operating profit in 
the MMG Segment in 2015.  If the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2015, the Company's consolidated revenues 
and operating loss would have remained unchanged at $786.6 million and $354.1 million respectively.

The portfolio investments have been classified as AFS financial assets and included $1.8 million for an 8.1% interest 
in CanadaStays.com and approximately $0.2 million for a 0.5% interest in Kensington Venture Fund.

The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquisition and portfolio investments completed 
are as follows:

Year ended December 31, 2015

Assets

Goodwill

Working Capital

Total purchase price and cash consideration paid

Contingent consideration on prior acquisitions

MMG
Segment

SMG 
Segment

Corporate

Total

$40

(4)

36

27

63

$22

22

$40

(4)

36

49

85

Portfolio investments

$2,021

2,021

Total cash used in acquisitions and portfolio investments

$63

$22

$2,021

$2,106

27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

The Company has guaranteed sub-lease payments to a third party of approximately U.S. $1 million per year, ending 
December 31, 2018.  The sub-lease is collateralized by a U.S. $0.7 million irrevocable letter of credit provided on 
behalf of the sub-lessee.

Along with the other shareholders of Kanetix Ltd. ("Kanetix"), the Company has pledged its shares in Kanetix in 
support of the Kanetix credit facility.

In addition, the Company has the following significant contractual obligations:

Nature of the Obligation

Office leases

Services

Total

Total

$45,243

62,806

$108,049

2017

2018 – 2019

2020 – 2021

2022+

$14,462

22,319

$36,781

$24,179

33,032

$57,211

$6,555

7,455

$14,010

$47

$47

Receivable from office sub-leases

($7,619)

($3,013)

($3,602)

($1,004)

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   106

TORSTAR – Consolidated Financial Statements

28. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

The aggregate amounts of remuneration for the Company’s key management (including directors), recognized in 
the consolidated statement of income or loss and OCI, are set out below:

Salaries and benefits

Post-employment benefits

Share based payments

Other benefits

Total

Year ended December 31

2016

$5,163

1,837

65

$1,535

$8,600

2015

$5,476

3,480

(765)

$8,191

The following summarizes the total value of sales to, purchases from and amounts owed to and by the Company’s 
joint ventures and associates.

Joint Ventures

2016

2015

Associates

2016

2015

Sales to

Purchases from Amounts owed by Amounts owed to

$317

319

186

$158

13

8,233

8,680

$195

216

0

52

$41

1,121

1,347

Sales to and purchases of goods and services from related parties were made at market prices.  The Company 
received in 2016 $0.2 million (2015 – $nil) of rent from a joint venture.  No provisions have been made for doubtful 
debts in respect of amounts owed by related parties. 

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT   107

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

John A. Honderich

Chair, Torstar Corporation
Former Publisher, Toronto Star

Director since 2004

Campbell R. Harvey

Professor of Finance 
Duke University

Director since 1992

Martin E. Thall

President and Chief Executive Officer 
Thall Group of Companies

Director since 2002

Elaine B. Berger

Corporate Director

Director since 2006

Daniel A. Jauernig

President and Chief Operating Officer
Element Fleet Management Corp.

Director since 2009

Alnasir Samji
Managing Principal
Alderidge Consulting

Director since 2009

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      108

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS

David P. Holland

President and Chief Executive Officer
Torstar Corporation 

Director since 2009

Paul R. Weiss

Corporate Director

Director since 2009

Linda Hughes

Chancellor Emerita, University of Alberta
Former Publisher, Edmonton Journal

Director since 2010

Dorothy Strachan

Partner
Strachan-Tomlinson Inc.

Director since 2013

Daryl Aitken

Owner
Fabric Spark

Director since 2015

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      108

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N OT E S

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      110

TORSTAR CORPORATION 2016 ANNUAL REPORT      111

CORPORATE OFFICE

TRANSFER AGENT & REGISTRAR

CST Trust Company

P.O. Box 700 

Postal Station B 

Montreal, QC  

H3B 3K3

AnswerLine (416) 682-3860 or 

1-800-387-0825 

(toll-free in North America)

www.canstockta.com

inquiries@canstockta.com

Torstar Class B non-voting shares 
are traded on the Toronto Stock 
Exchange under the symbol TS.B

One Yonge Street

Toronto, Ontario 

Canada 

M5E 1E6

Telephone: (416) 869-4010

Fax: (416) 869-4183

e-mail: torstar@torstar.ca

Website: www.torstar.com

OFFICERS OF TORSTAR

JOHN A. HONDERICH
Chair

DAVID P. HOLLAND
President and Chief 
Executive Officer

LORENZO DEMARCHI
Executive Vice-President 
and Chief Financial Officer 

MARIE E. BEYETTE
Senior Vice-President, 
General Counsel and 
Corporate Secretary

JENNIFER BARBER
Senior Vice-President
Finance

CHRIS GOODRIDGE
Senior Vice-President
Digital Ventures

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A N N U A L   R E P O R T

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