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Touchstar Plc

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FY2021 Annual Report · Touchstar Plc
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  Registered Number SC005543 

Annual report and financial statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annual report and financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Contents 

Chairman's statement ........................................................................................................................................... 1 
Strategic report ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 
Directors’ report ................................................................................................................................................. 15 
Statement of directors' responsibilities in respect of the financial statements ................................................. 23 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc ....................................................................... 25 
Consolidated income statement ......................................................................................................................... 30 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity .................................................................................................... 31 
Company statement of change in equity ............................................................................................................ 31 
Consolidated and Company statement of financial position .............................................................................. 32 
Consolidated and Company cash flow statements ............................................................................................. 34 
Notes to the Group financial statements ........................................................................................................... 35 
Group Information…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……...…………...68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement for the year ended 31 December 2021                         

Introduction 
I am pleased to report that Touchstar has delivered a strong set of results, above market expectations, for the 
year  ended  31  December  2021  (“FY2021”),  against  what  has  been  a  challenging  backdrop  in  the  world’s 
economy.  Profit  after  tax  is  up  290%  to  £341,000  (2020:  £87,000)  and  there  has  been  EBITDA  growth  of 
£218,000 to £1,072,000 (2020: £854,000).  

The Group has displayed its resilience in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic and has seen a positive 
change in business strength with the new and more profitable revenue streams coming to the fore.   

The Company reports a strong year-end cash balance, net of the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan, of 
£2,380,000 and a year-end order book of £646,000 which means the Group is well placed to build on last year’s 
performance, we look forward to delivering further strategic progress.  

Financial review 
Revenue  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2021  increased  3.7%  to  £6,104,000  (2020:  £5,886,000).  Very 
pleasingly recurring revenue increased 14% to £2,322,000 (2020: £2,037,000) and represented 37.4% of total 
revenue (2020: 34.6%).  The development of recurring revenue is a key to our strategy and future success- as 
of 8 April 2022, run rate recurring revenue had increased further to £2,550,000. 

It was also pleasing to see the Group experience a healthy recovery in the areas that had been most impacted 
by the pandemic in 2020. Nevertheless unsurprisingly, the overall rate of growth was held back in the early 
part of the year by the suspension of awards of large projects in the petrochemical distribution sector due to 
the re-emergence of the pandemic. Major projects in this area tend to have lead times of 9-12 months, and it 
was only in the second half of 2021 that new major projects began being confirmed for 2022 and beyond, thus 
revenue in this sector reduced in 2021.   

The  order  book  at  year  end  2021  stood  36%  higher  at  £646,000  compared  to  the  prior  year  end  level  of 
£475,000.  

Gross  margins  increased  in  2021  to  59.5%  (2020:  52.0%)  driven  by  a  higher  level  of  software  sales  and 
operational efficiency. 

Overhead costs increased by 8.9% as expected in 2021 to £3.5 million (2020: £3.1 million). This comparison 
excludes  the  benefits  of  the  Coronavirus  Job  Retention  Scheme  which  totalled  £44,000  in  2021  (2020: 
£146,000). 

Total spend on research and development during the year amounted to £935,000 (2020: £760,000), of which 
£460,000 (2020: £429,000) has been capitalised, as we invested in additional software modules in the proof of 
delivery product set. 

The positive effects of both higher revenue and improved margins had a dramatic effect upon profitability with 
earnings  before  interest  tax  and  amortisation  and  depreciation  (EBITDA)  increasing  to  £1,072,000  (2020: 
£854,000), operating profit before share based payments increasing to £233,000 (2020: £39,000) and profit 
before tax increasing to £207,000 (2020: £23,000). 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 
(continued) 

Due to our R&D expenditure we again benefitted from a tax credit being £134,000 (2020: £64,000) such that 
our profit for the year increased 292% to £341,000 from £87,000. This translated into a similar rise in earnings 
per share to 4.02p (2020: 1.03p). 

As of 31 December 2021, we remained debt free and our cash, net of overdraft and the £135,000 Coronavirus 
Business Interruption Loan, was a very healthy £2,380,000 a rise of approximately £609,000 from the prior year 
position of £1,771,000. This nevertheless understates the strength of the underlying cash generation from the 
business; in 2021 cash was applied to the normalisation of trade and other payables as we unwound deferred 
amounts due under the Government’s support packages to business.  

Operational review 
Whilst  the  Group  and  general  business  environment  continued  to  work  within  COVID-19  policies  and 
restrictions, Touchstar saw a positive change in business strength with the new and more profitable revenue 
streams  coming  to  the  fore;  including,  increased  software  licence  charges  and  software  development  for 
bespoke work as well as charging professional fees for services delivered.   As a result, the business experienced 
a growth in revenue and profitability.  Those areas of the business that had experienced the more dramatic 
slowdowns in 2020, saw strong and positive recovery during 2021, namely, product sales more associated with 
Capital  expenditure  in  Logistics  and  the  ability  to  commence  with  onsite  work  in  the  Access  Control 
marketplace, which otherwise had been restricted in 2020.  

During the year, the Group continued to enhance the customer driven functionality of its software solutions.  
Our in-house developed software, utilising modern cloud-based services, has played a major part in customer 
gains and retention.  In addition, the Group’s specialist and robust hardware, where margins continue to be 
healthy, gives us a real competitive advantage in the proof of delivery market.  The TS3200 Android rugged 
tablet has and is playing an important part in the continued success and adoption of our solutions. 

Retention of customers, as well as securing new clients, is a key focus for the Group.  The business is currently 
benefiting from many of its existing clients going through the process of an upgrade cycle with us – a testament 
to our ongoing service and support. This provides the opportunity to increase the recurring revenue as they 
adopt the latest licence-based solution.  We now have around 8 major clients operating on the new platform 
and another 8 existing clients in the throes of either pilot or roll out phase over the coming 12 to18 months. 

During 2021 there were challenges in the timely supply of product and components within the supply chain, 
but the Group successfully navigated its way through. We expect these challenges will continue in 2022 and 
therefore we will require the same continued focus to mitigate and reduce any impacts that may arise. 

Alongside the software developments, we continue to enhance our product sets within the hardware 
element of our solution.  All devices now designed and supplied utilise the Android operating system – the 
defacto choice worldwide.    

The dynamics of the team within the business evolve and change too.  The Group now has a central support 
team for all products, operating out of our Manchester office and we continue to build on our UK in-house 
software development and test team.   These investments are now necessary given the solution set we now 
own and supply to the marketplace. 

2 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 
(continued) 

Strategy 
The objective remains to execute our strategy effectively; delivering organic growth, margin improvement, 
building Software as a Service (“SaaS”) revenues at an even faster rate, and achieving higher levels of 
profitability. 

The Board believes Touchstar has the medium-term potential of sustaining annual double digit top line 
growth from our existing businesses driven by: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Existing customers upgrading to mobile cloud-based solutions 
Capture of new customers 
Introduction of enhanced products and solutions 
Introduction of more professional services 

In addition, we expect the growth rate of recurring revenue to continue to outpace total revenue growth, as 
SaaS  revenues  build.  Professional  services  and  licences  are  predominantly  annual  charges  and  thereby  we 
envisage recurring revenue will continue to grow and strengthen within the Group. The target is for recurring 
revenue to account for 40% of total revenue by the end of 2022.   

We expect the revenue stream will continue to strengthen in high margin areas such as licences, professional 
services, and software development - further enhancing the earnings and building the Group’s strength in the 
medium and long term 

Current trading and prospects 
We  intend  to  build  upon  the  considerable  progress  made  last  year.  Over  the  last  two  years  the  consistent 
message has been that in 2022 the underlying growth rate in all the Group’s businesses should harmonise and 
return to normalised trading patterns. 

2022 has started well, with a healthy opening order book followed by a strong first quarter of trading. Short-
term prospects are being tempered somewhat by a level of inactivity which we believe is a momentary reaction 
to the present economic and global uncertainty, with orders being held up, not lost. So far, we have been able 
to balance the pressures on costs by increasing prices in a targeted and appropriate manner, this will need to 
be constantly assessed and reviewed during the year.  

Realistically the combination of the geo-political instability, inflationary pressures and higher interest rates will 
inevitability result in hesitancy in corporate decision making. The assumption made is that this year will see 
some subdued levels of macro-economic growth and investment. Currently there has been no material change 
to the business from the distressing and sad situation in Ukraine – our thoughts and hopes are with the innocent 
people caught up in that conflict. 

Whilst we have tempered our enthusiasm in the short-term, the Board believes that the steps we have taken 
will see growth in revenue and EBITDA continue in 2022, driving further progress in our financial performance. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 
(continued) 

Distributable reserves 
The directors would like to have the ability to consider returning value to shareholders either via share 
buybacks or the payment of dividends. However, to be able to do this company law requires the Company to 
have positive distributable reserves. At present the Company does not have positive distributable reserves 
due the deficit on its retained earning reserve which as at 31 December 2021 stood at £2,236,000. The 
Directors are consulting with the Company’s advisers over how best to eliminate this deficit which they 
believe can be through a combination of dividend payments from the Company’s underlying subsidiaries and 
a capital reduction. 

Concluding thoughts 
The Board’s strategy is clear and remains consistent. We must capitalise on the forward momentum gained, 
using internally generated cash to support our rate of organic growth, innovate our products, enhance our 
solutions, invest in our people, increase returns to shareholders and become a better business. 

The Company has made good progress over the last two years despite the impacts of COVID-19. Touchstar has 
already become a much more resilient focussed, coherent, high-quality business with true growth potential. 
This has only happened through the dedication, hard work and talent of the people within the Group.  Thank 
you to all - it is greatly appreciated.  

The Board is committed to creating and delivering value that reflects the prospects and embedded value within 
the  business.  With  the  Company’s  cash  reserves,  a  strong  balance  sheet,  growing  revenues  and  especially 
recurring revenues that will allow us to increasingly position the company as a software business, the Board is 
confident of the Company’s prospects and of increasing shareholder value.  

I Martin 
Executive Chairman 
25 April 2022 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Business review and principal activities 

The Group supplies, installs and maintains licenced software applications and hardware solutions for mobile 
applications in the transport, logistics and access control industries.  We continue to develop and enhance the 
Group’s product portfolio and whilst we continue to supply our core and the more traditional product set, the 
new complete solutions allow for increased revenues, greater business stability and profitability for the future. 

Profitability  
Whilst the business and general environment continued to work within Covid policies and restrictions, which 
impacted the Group performance, 2021 has seen a strategic change in business strength with the new and 
more  profitable  revenue  streams  coming  to  the  fore.    Despite  the  reduction  in  face-to-face  meetings,  the 
business experienced a modest growth in sales turnover on the previous year of around 4%.  Cash generation 
remained  healthy  with  the  Group  year-end  cash  position  in  excess  of  £2.5  million,  and  the  business  made 
£341,000 profit after Tax, close to 300% increase over 2020 profit of £87,000.    

Total recurring revenue 
During 2021, the decision to supply and support complete solutions has further strengthened the Group.  
Recurring revenue is now a valuable asset within the Groups business. 2020 saw total recurring revenue 
increase by 6% on 2019 and this trend continues.  In 2021 recurring revenue increased 14% on 2020.  This 
change in strategy is making a positive impact into the performance and underlying value of the business.  In 
2021, the Groups recurring revenue equated to 38% of turnover and the Board envisage this percentage will 
continue increasing. 

As of 8 April 2022, run rate recurring revenue had increased further to £2,550,000. 

5 

 
 
 
 
             
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

The chart below demonstrates the consistent strategic progression of building the business’s recurring 
revenue over the previous years: 

Software Licence Recurring Revenue 
Whilst the Group enjoyed an increase of 14% in total recurring revenue over previous years, the predominant 
impact in growth of this type of profitable revenue has come from software licence, a key strategic goal. 
Recurring revenue in software licences grew a marked 18% over 2020 performance.  This key area of growth 
will continue to increase as the change in our business strategy takes effect. If growth in total revenue 
continues as expected, we anticipate software licence revenue to exceed hardware recurring revenue in 2022 
and grow further still in 2023 and beyond. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

As we have now become a more focussed software and solution orientated business, we have strengthened 
the technical and professional services team to provide the best support for our product delivery.  Whilst we 
continue to grow sales in the solutions area, we still recognise the continuing value that the existing legacy 
product sets bring to the business, albeit we are managing down our business reliance on these. 

All the Touchstar software products we now offer, are in house owned (IPR) which eliminates our reliance on 
third party suppliers and provides maximum flexibility in growing the sales and profit line of the Group.  This 
move has allowed us to increase the sales of software development as customers require tweaks and 
modifications to our standard products to suit their operation.   The chart below illustrates the past 4 years of 
software development sales, demonstrating an increase of over 200% in this time.  

We continue to secure large contracts with blue chip companies across the UK and Europe.  The strategy to 
supply a SaaS (Software as a Service) model to the industry has become quite widely accepted.  This now 
provides consistent recurring revenue greater than in previous years. Combining increases of recurring 
revenue and the above software development charges has now led to improved Gross margin, of 59% of the 
group turnover in 2021 (52% in 2020). As of 8 April 2022, software development and support fees booked 
and to be invoiced in 2022 stood at £184,000. 

The  Group  operates  under  the  Touchstar  brand  providing  consistent  brand  awareness  of  the  operating 
companies which has been successful in promoting a cohesive and singular business and all can be accessed 
under one web site: www.touchstar.co.uk.    

Business environment 

The  Group’s  operations  remain  focused  on  the  logistics,  transport  distribution  and  secure  access  control 
markets.  Although servicing different customers, the nature of the products, services and channels to market 
are comparable and hence the directors regard the Group as operating in one primary segment, where the 
risks and returns are similar.  

7 

 
 
 
 
                 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Business environment (continued) 

At the start of 2021, the UK and most of the world were still experiencing strict lockdowns and restrictions.  
The uplift in general business terms in the latter part of 2020 were diminished in the first quarter of 2021.  The 
restriction and general approach to the Covid pandemic during 2021 had an effect on the business.  By the year 
end of 2021, Touchstar saw marked improvements in the two product areas, that had subdued performance 
in  2019;  namely  Warehouse  &  Logistics  and  Access  Control.    Both  these  areas  saw  strong  recovery.    The 
Transport and Logistics systems (proof of Delivery solution) generally have longer lead times from enquiry to 
order placement and as such had a lower level of sales in 2021, due to the 2020 Covid country shutdowns, 
where new projects being sanctioned was low and thus enquiries dropped. 

During  this  period,  we  continued  to  enhance  customer  driven  functionality  to  the  Software  solutions.    We 
continued  with  product  development  plans  and  focussed  on  building  more  solid  and  robust  solutions  for 
existing  and  future  customers.  Our  in-house  developed  software  solutions,  utilising  modern  cloud-based 
services, have played a massive role in the Groups development.  Specialist hardware, where margins continue 
to be healthy, gives us a real competitive advantage in the fuel delivery market and our TS3200 Android rugged 
tablet is key to the continued success and adoption of our solutions.   

In  the  Warehouse  and  Logistics  market,  the  Group  provides  mobile  computing  solutions  for  warehouse 
operations for both truck-mounted and hand-held applications. These solutions communicate using wireless 
technology and provide real time data. This technology improves supply chain management and significantly 
reduces warehouse operating costs.  In 2021, after a Covid hit sales result in 2020, this product set performed 
well in 2021 and has formed some solid key account relationships. 

The Group designs and supplies Access Control Systems for industrial and retail environments.  This sector was 
also heavily affected by the pandemic lockdowns of 2020.   In 2021 the activity in this area improved markedly 
and success was seen with new clients being added to the customer list.   

Strategy 

The Group’s overriding strategy is to achieve attractive and sustainable rates of growth and returns through 
organic means. Whilst presently the Group is not actively looking for acquisitions, any opportunity that should 
arise will be assessed and considered on merit.   

Organic growth 

During the year, we secured a number of new customers.  There is no doubt without the pandemic, the business 
would  have  secured  more  new  customers,  which  is  a  fundamental  part  of  organic  growth.    The  latest 
technologies that we have implemented into our solutions have assisted in growing our business into new sales 
avenues, in terms of software and managed services.  The directors are confident this will continue to generate 
additional sales revenues and further secures our position in a competitive market. 

8 

 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Organic growth (continued) 

Revenue growth over the next few years will be expected to come in the form of capital sales, but an increasing 
element of the sale will focus on recurring revenue as contracts extended into three and five year minimum 
terms.   Pricing policies will allow for annual upfront payment as well as monthly licence payment for software 
usage (SaaS). 

Product range 

The  Group  product  range  include  elements  in  three  distinct  sets;  Software  applications,  Mobile  computer 
hardware and Managed services.   The Group will continue to invest in these core areas and to reduce product 
costs where possible. 

In-house  designed  hardware  and  application  software  gives  the  business  the  opportunity  to  create  market 
specific  solutions  backed  by  a  complete  managed  service.    This  provides  an  offering  far  better  than  the 
competition, who rely on elements of third-party product to construct their solution and aftersales support 
programme.  

Environmental 

The Group recognises the importance of managing consumption of the world’s natural resources as well as 
providing a safe and healthy working environment for its employees. The Group consumes non-replaceable 
raw materials and energy and clearly the successful growth of the Group will lead to an increased consumption 
of raw materials on an absolute basis. We therefore seek to reduce the amount of resources consumed on a 
unit by unit basis to limit the size of our environmental footprint. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The directors recognise there are a number of risks within the business which may significantly impact the 
performance of the business. These risks are subjected to regular review and, where appropriate, processes 
are established to minimise the level of exposure. These are summarised below: 

1.  People 

The principal asset of the Group is the commitment and skill of its people. The retention of these people is 
therefore key to the success of the business. The Group monitors closely the satisfaction of its employees and 
ensures that remuneration packages match both contribution and the wider employment market. In addition, 
the  Group  has  in  place  schemes  which  are  related  to  Group  results,  and  which  allow  key  employees  to 
participate in the success of the Group as a whole. 

2.  Technology changes 

Changes in technology occur at an ever-increasing rate. Through its technical functions the business monitors 
emerging technologies and seeks to understand how these technologies will impact our current business and 
how they may be incorporated in designs of future product offerings. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 

3.  Competition  

The Group recognises that it operates on a global basis and as such is subject to competitive global pricing as 
well as service and performance criteria in local markets. Margins are monitored on a contract by contract basis 
and  commercial  decisions  are  adjusted  accordingly.  The  Group  recognises  that  a  global  strategy  will  create 
issues  of  foreign  exchange  fluctuations  but  that  the  overall  contribution  from  such  markets  more  than 
compensates for the level of risk.  As described in note 2.1 the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional 
macroeconomic and societal challenges which the business and the wider sector are adapting to.    

4.  Key commercial relationships 

The Group has a diverse range of customers and suppliers, and whilst these relationships are of significant 
importance to the Group’s development, no single customer or supplier is of critical importance to the ongoing 
success of the Group. 

As detailed in note 4, during the year ended 31 December 2021 approximately £932,000 (2020: £nil) of the 
consolidated entity’s external revenue was derived from sales to one customer however this was not deemed 
of critical importance to the ongoing success of the Group, this was a larger project which produces ongoing 
revenue at much lower levels than that generated in 2021. 

In the opinion of the directors there no issues or uncertainties around sustainability of the relationship.   

5.  Business partners 

The Group operates through business partners in certain parts of the world. The retention of their loyalty to 
the Group’s product offering is important. The business is in frequent contact with these companies and regular 
visits are made. The Group also encourages these partners to supply local services, and hence earn a revenue 
stream, for contracts that the Group may have secured on a worldwide basis. The financial risks faced by the 
Group are detailed in the Directors report on page 20. 

Section 172 Statement  

Under section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 (“Section 172”), a director of a Group must act in a way that they 
consider, in good faith, and would most likely promote the success of the Group for the benefit of its members 
as a whole, taking into account the non-exhaustive list of factors set out in Section 172.  

Section 172 also requires directors to take into consideration the interests of other stakeholders set out in 
Section 172(1) in their decision making. See table below detailing each stakeholder along with why and how 
we engage with each. 

Touchstar Plc’s (“Touchstar”, “Group” or the “Company”) key stakeholders include its investors, employees, 
regulatory bodies, suppliers and customers.  

The  Group’s  strategy  is  to  achieve  attractive  and  sustainable  rates  of  growth  and  returns  through  organic 
means. Upon the successful implementation of the Group’s strategy, the Group will have an expanded range 
of internal and external stakeholders, relations with which the Board will take into consideration when making 
decisions on Group strategy. 

Engagement with our members plays an essential role throughout our business. We are cognisant of fostering 
an  effective  and  mutually  beneficial  relationship  with  our  members.  Our  understanding  of  our  members  is 
factored into boardroom discussions regarding the potential long-term impacts of our strategic decisions. 

10 

 
 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Post the reporting period end, the directors of the Group (“Directors”) have continued to have regard to the 
interests of the Group’s stakeholders, including the potential impact of its future activities on the community, 
the environment and the Group’s reputation when making decisions. The Directors also continue to take all 
necessary measures to ensure the Group is acting in good faith and fairly between members and is promoting 
the success of the Group for its members in the long term.  

The table below acts as our Section 172 statement by setting out the key stakeholder groups, their interests 
and how the Group engages with them. Given the importance of stakeholder focus, long-term strategy and 
reputation to the Group, these themes are also discussed throughout this Annual Report.  

Stakeholder 

Why we engage 

How we engage 

•  Regular 

reports  and  analysis  on 

investors and shareholders  

•  Annual Report  
•  Group website  
•  Shareholder circulars  
•  AGM  
•  RNS announcements  
•  Press releases  

•  Evaluation and feedback processes for 

employees and management 
•  Competitive rewards packages 
•  Encouraging  employee  training  and 

development  

•  Flat  structure  communication  with 

Board 

•  Group website  
•  RNS announcements 
•  Annual Report  
•  Direct contact with regulators  
•  Compliance updates at Board Meetings 
•  Consistent risk review 

Our Investors 

Our Employees 

Regulatory 
bodies 

We  maintain  and  value  regular  dialogue  with 
our  financial  stakeholders  throughout  the  year 
and place great importance on our relationship 
with them. We know that our investors expect a 
comprehensive 
financial 
performance  of  the  Group,  and  awareness  of 
long-term  strategy  and  direction.  As  such,  we 
aim to provide high levels of transparency and 
clarity about our results and long-term strategy 
and to build trust in our future plans. 

insight 

into 

the 

Our  people  are  at  the  heart  of  our  business. 
Effective  employee  engagement  leads  to  a 
happier,  healthier  workforce  who  are  invested 
in  the  success  of  the  Group  and  who  are  all 
pulling in the same direction. Our engagement 
seeks  to  address  any  employee  concerns 
regarding working conditions, health and safety, 
training and development, as well as workforce 
diversity.  Engagement  with  our  employees 
starts  from  the  top  and  is  driven  effectively 
throughout the Group. 

laws, 

regulations,  and 

The  Group’s  operations  are  subject  to  a  wide 
listing 
range  of 
requirements  including  data  protection,  tax, 
employment,  environmental  and  health  and 
safety legislation, along with contractual terms.  

11 

 
 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Our Customers 

Our Suppliers 

Our  customers  have  individual  requirements 
that require diligence and trust in our offering. 
We  aim  to  listen  to  and  engage  with  our 
customers on a regular basis to ensure that we 
understand  their  needs  and  can  provide 
solutions  that  address  them.  We  ensure  that 
information  is  easily  accessible  and  customer 
in  a  timely  and 
concerns  are  dealt  with 
professional manner.   

We have a number of key partners and suppliers 
with  whom  we  have  built  strong  relationships 
with and strongly value. We establish effective 
engagement 
our 
relationships remain collaborative and forward 
focused,  and  to  foster  relationships  of  mutual 
trust and loyalty. 

channels 

ensure 

to 

•  Continual  review  of  feedback  from 

customers to ensure satisfaction 

•  Dedicated team for Client Services and 
consumer 

to  ensure 

Operations 
concerns are addressed 

•  Face to face meetings with customers 

to further develop relationships. 

•  Building  strong  partnerships  with 
two-way 
through  open 
suppliers 
dialogue  and  regular  face  to  face 
meetings. 

•  Relationships  with  suppliers allow  the 
ongoing review and monitoring of their 
performance levels 

The above statement should be read in conjunction with the rest of the Strategic Report and the Directors’ 
Report.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Key performance indicators 

The Group have adopted both financial and non-financial measures to achieve a balanced view of performance. 

Recurring revenue 

Sales and order 
pipeline 

Gross margin 

Cash 

Customer 
retention 

This KPI has been a major strategic focus for the Group over the past 3 to 5 years. A 
key aspect of the business was to, not only increase the level of recurring revenue as 
part of overall sales but also generate new types of recurring revenue, namely charging 
for ongoing licencing (SaaS – Software as a Service), use of our new suite of Android 
software solutions whilst still offering the traditional hardware support/maintenance 
contracts. This has come to fruition with recurring revenue for 2021 increasing by 14% 
with further double-digit point increases expected in future years. 

Considering the impact of the pandemic over the past eighteen months the Group bore 
a modest increase in turnover of £218,000 from £5,886,000 in 2020 to £6,104,000 in 
2021.  The  Group  pipeline  remains  strong  for  all  its  new  hardware  and  software 
solutions,  legacy  products  are  still  required  by  some  of  our  existing  customers, 
however more are upgrading to the new Android solutions. This in turn generates an 
increase in recurring revenue. Order book at the year-end stood at £646,000 being 36% 
higher  than  2020.  The  management  also  actively  monitor  this  KPI  to  justify  the 
continued development of the Groups product suite.  

Understanding  our  customer  needs  and  expectations  is  of  primary  importance  in 
securing  orders  and  future  proofing  recurring  revenue.  Previously,  software 
development was primarily outsourced to non-UK development consultants. Over the 
past  eighteen  months  there  has  been  modification  to  the  Group’s  software 
development strategy. The management believed that a hybrid of UK employed, and 
non-UK  consultant  developers  provide  a  more  balanced  understanding  thereby 
efficiently  developing  the  software  solutions  sought  by  existing  and  prospective 
customers.  The Group development team now consists of 10 UK employed developers 
supported by 9 non-UK developers.      

increased  delivery  costs  and 
The  world  markets  have  recently  experienced 
product/component  shortages  which  in  turn  drive  a  rise  in  prices  throughout  the 
supply chain. Hardware margins have been increasingly affected and discovering new 
ways of mitigating these price increases has been challenging.  However, even in light 
of these challenges, gross margins have increased from 52% in 2020 to 59.5% (2020: 
52%)  driven  by  a  higher  level  of  software  sales  along  with  implementation  of 
operational efficiencies. 

Cash generation continues to be of primary importance to the business and remains 
strong.  Cash  balances,  net  of  overdraft  and  the  £135,000  CBILs  was  £2,380,000 
compared with £1,771,000 for FY2020. 

Retention of customers nearing the end of their contract is of significant importance 
for the Group. The business is benefiting from many of its existing clients going through 
the process of an upgrade cycle with us. We also have a number of returning customers 
upgrading to our new solution, which is testament to our ongoing quality service and 
support offering and thus enhancing the future pipeline for the Group.  

13 

 
 
 
Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Future outlook 

Across all markets serviced by the Group there is a sustained drive to reduce costs and to improve customer 
service.    This  can  only  be  achieved  by  continued  investment  in  the  most  modern  technologies  providing 
instantaneous information between back-office applications and field-based functions.  The Group recognises 
that competition will continue to impose challenges on margins.  With investment in product offering, however, 
a robust commercial approach to the marketplace and above all a strong desire to succeed, we are confident 
about our prospects, even amidst the recent global challenges. 

On behalf of the board 

M W Hardy 
Chief Executive Officer    
25 April 2022 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 

The directors present their Directors’ report and the audited financial statements of the Group and the Group 
for the year ended 31 December 2021.  

Quoted Companies Alliance Code 
As an AIM listed Group, the Group is required to adopt a recognised corporate governance code and disclose 
any deviations from the chosen code. The Group has decided to adopt the Quoted Companies Alliance 
(“QCA”) code. High standards of Corporate Governance are a key priority of the Board and details of how the 
Group addresses key governance issues are set out in the Corporate Governance section of its website by 
reference to the 10 principles of Corporate Governance developed by the QCA. 
http://www.touchstarplc.com/about/governance 

Business model and strategy 
The Group’s vision, together with its partners, is to create innovative data capture solutions that enhance 
business intelligence for our client base. Touchstar’s mission is to deliver innovative products and solutions 
on a ‘turnkey’ basis, underpinned by an unparalleled attention to detail and customer-centred philosophy. 

To achieve this, the Group will focus on five key business strategies; 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Further penetrating existing markets by forging stronger customer and partner relationships, 
including alliances with independent software vendors and third-party hardware manufacturers 
Expanding into new markets, where the Group will offer compelling solutions set to meet specific 
sector / geographical customer requirements 
Inspiring Touchstar personnel and clients by building on the Group’s track record of high-
performance teamwork and collaboration 
Intensifying R&D innovation throughout the organisation and delivering unsurpassed quality and 
performance in the Group’s products and solutions 

•  Maximising operational effectiveness with lean, world-class operations underpinned by an 

investment in personnel, appropriate technologies and business tools to improve functional 
performance across the Group 

This strategy is intended to deliver long-term growth in shareholder value. 

Effective risk management 
The Board has an established Audit, Remuneration, and Executive Committees. 

The Group receives regular feedback from its external auditors on the state of its risk management and 
internal controls. The Board does not consider it to be appropriate to have its own internal audit function at 
the present time, given the Group’s size and nature of its business. 

The annual budget setting process examines all areas of the Group’s operations both operationally and 
financially. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

The Group has clear, documented procedures in place to assess and progress opportunities arising, whether 
for process improvement, product enhancement, new business or any other matter. 

Board of directors 
During 2021 the Board was comprised of a non-executive Chairman, one executive director, and an 
independent non-executive director. The Board considers that of its two non-executive directors, only one is 
independent however they are considered independent in terms of character and judgement in how they 
conduct their roles, giving a balance between executive and non-executive directors. 

The Chairman is responsible for leading the Board, facilitating the effective contribution of all members and 
ensuring that it operates effectively in the interests of the shareholders. The Chief Executive Officer is 
responsible for the leadership of the business and implementation of the strategy. The Group Secretary is 
responsible, on behalf of the Chairman, for ensuring that all Board and Committee meetings are conducted 
properly, that the Directors receive the appropriate information prior to the meeting, for ensuring that 
governance requirements are considered and implemented and for accurately recording each meeting. The 
Directors may have access to independent professional advice, where needed, at the Group’s expense. 

A description of the roles of the Directors is included on the website. The directors are aware of, and 
committed to, the time requirements needed to fulfil their roles.  Directors are required to devote such time 
and effort to their duties as is required to secure their proper discharge and, for Non-Executive Directors, this 
typically entails one or two days of meetings per month as well as reading and preparation time. 

Meetings of the Board and committees 
The Board has established Audit, Remuneration and Executive Committees, each of which conducted their 
duties throughout the year.  The Audit Committee scrutinise the planned scope of the annual audit as well as 
monitoring the independence of the auditors.  The Remuneration Committee assess the remuneration of 
Directors and senior staff and ensured this was appropriate and consistent with the interests of shareholders 
and the business.  The Executive Committee managed the operation and strategy of the business throughout 
the financial year, in regular consultation with the Board.  

The Board meets at least four times a year with relevant information distributed to the Directors in advance 
of each meeting. 
All members attended each meeting held during the year. 
The Board makes decisions on all material matters including long term and commercial strategy, annual 
operating and capital budgets along with capital and financial structure. 

The Remuneration and Audit Committees are held on an annual basis. 
All members required to attend the relevant meeting did attend. 
Details of remuneration paid to each director during the year can be found in note 8. 

Board Performance 
The Board judges its own performance by reference to the Group’s progress against the targets set out in the 
Group’s strategic plan. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

The Group undertakes regular monitoring of personal and corporate performance using agreed key 
performance indicators and detailed financial reports. Responsibility for assessing and monitoring the 
performance of the executive directors lies with the Chairman and the independent non-executive director. 

The Board and the Remuneration Committee evaluate the Board performance, including but not limited to 
Board balance, Board skills and remuneration, to ensure that the Board is fit for purpose and is appropriate 
for the Group’s ongoing development and growth. 

Corporate culture 
The Board is committed to embodying and promoting a sound corporate culture and has endorsed various 
policies which require ethical behaviour of staff and relevant counterparties. 

The Board and management conduct themselves ethically at all times and promote a culture in line with the 
standards set out on the website. 

Communication with shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 
The Board attaches great importance to providing shareholders with clear and transparent information on 
the Group’s activities, strategies and financial position, in addition to having regard to its obligations 
as a quoted public Group and the AIM Rules.  

The Group holds meetings with significant shareholders on a regular basis and regards the Annual General 
Meeting as a good opportunity to communicate directly with shareholders via an open question and answer 
session. 

The Group lists contact details on its website should shareholders wish to communicate with the Board.  All 
announcements and results, including those released via RNS and RNS Reach, are available on the 
Group’s website. 

Employees 
The Group recognises that the contribution made by its skilled and committed workforce is the business’s most 
valuable asset. The Group will continue to provide its people with a challenging environment and to provide 
rewards which recognise their achievements. The Group recognises that the needs of the business will continue 
to change. As such, training is and will continue to be offered such that employees are able to enhance their 
skill base to assist the business in meeting future challenges. 

The  Group  has  an  established  policy  of  encouraging  the  employment  of  disabled  persons  wherever  this  is 
practicable and endeavours to ensure that disabled employees benefit from training and career development 
programmes  in  common  with  all  other  employees.  The  Group’s  policy  includes,  where  practicable,  the 
continued employment of those who may become disabled during their employment. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Dividends 
The directors do not recommend a final dividend (2020: £Nil).   

Financial instruments 
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks that include the effects of changes in credit risk, 

liquidity risk and exchange rate risk.  The policies set by the Board of Directors are implemented by the Group’s 

finance  department  and  are  detailed  in  note  3  to  the  Group  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended  31 

December 2021. 

Board of directors  
The directors who held office during the year and to the date of this report are given below: 

I P Martin - Chairman 
Ian has worked in the Insurance and Media industries for over 30 years. More recently, as Chairman and CEO 
of Avesco (2002 to 2012) the quoted provider to the event and broadcast industry, Ian led the transformation 
of the company from a faltering company to a vibrant business, with revenues rising from around £50 million 
to £140 million and a profit that grew at a compound profit of 20% per annum. 
Prior to this period, Ian has held board positions at Ascot Underwriting and Brockbank Group plc, where he was 
CEO and he helped form Admiral Insurance the FT 100 Company. Ian also holds a number of executive and non-
executive directorships, including as a non-executive Director of Chelverton Growth. 

M W Hardy - Chief Executive Officer 
Mark  joined  the  company  in  1992  and  has  been  involved  in  the  mobile  communications  market  since 
graduating from University with a BA Honours degree in Business Studies in 1986. Prior to joining the company, 
Mark worked for American based companies and was instrumental in driving sales of high-tech products into 
developing markets. 
With overall responsibility for the commercial running of Touchstar since 1997, Mark remains extremely active 
in the sales and key account management aspects of the business. 

Non-Executive Director 

J L Christmas - 
John is a chartered accountant with over 20 years’ experience as finance director of UK listed businesses, most 
recently at Avesco Group plc, whom he joined in 2004. 
He was Group Finance Director at Boosey & Hawkes plc and previously held positions as Group Finance Director 
at MediaKey plc and Video Arts Ltd. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Purchase of own shares 
The Group did not purchase any of its own shares in 2021. 

Shares issued during the year 
No shares were issued in 2021. 

Research and development 
The Group is continually developing its products and services to meet the increasing demands of the markets 
in which the Group operates. During the year, the Group incurred total research and development costs of 
£935,000 (2020: £760,000), of which £460,000 (2020: £429,000) has been capitalised. 

Statutory records 
The Company is registered in Scotland and its registered number is SC005543. 

Substantial shareholdings 
As of 4 April 2022, the Company had been notified of the following interests representing 3% or more of the 
issued ordinary share capital: 

I P Martin 

Interactive Investor Services Ltd 

Thomas William George Charlton 

Chelverton Growth Trust plc 

Charles Stanley & Co 

Killik & Co 

R D McDougall  

Unicorn Asset Management 

Robert & Virginia Millington 

Ordinary 
shares 

805,250 

1,114,961 

935,000 

850,000 

483,786 

401,500 

368,500 

289,995 

262,727 

  Percentage 
of ordinary 
share capital 

9.50% 

13.16% 

11.03% 

10.03% 

5.71% 

4.74% 

4.35% 

3.42% 

3.10% 

Except for those disclosed above, the directors are not aware of any shareholding which represents 3% or more 
of the present issued ordinary share capital of the Company. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Matters covered in the Strategic report 
Statutory disclosures required under Company law within the Directors’ report are included where relevant in 
the Strategic report. 

Directors’ indemnities 
As permitted by the Articles of Association, the directors have the benefit of an indemnity which is a qualifying 
third-party indemnity provision as defined by Section 234 of the Companies Act 2006. The indemnity was in 
force throughout the last financial year and is currently in force. The Company also purchased and maintained 
throughout the financial year directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in respect of itself and its directors. 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, cash 
flow  and  fair  value  interest  rate  risk),  credit  risk  and  liquidity  risk.  The  Group’s  overall  risk  management 
programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects 
on the Group’s financial performance. 

(a)  Market risk 
(i) 

Foreign exchange risk 

The  Group  operates  internationally  and  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  arising  from  various  currency 
exposures,  principally  with  respect  to  the  euro  and  the  US  dollar.  Foreign  exchange  risk  arises  from  future 
commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities. 
Natural  hedging  occurs  through  the  matching  of  foreign  currency  income,  expenditure  and  commitments. 
When projected foreign currency balances are not anticipated to be covered through this natural matching 
process, the Group may choose to enter into forward foreign exchange contracts through its bankers and other 
financial institutions. 

 (ii) 

Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk 

As  the  Group  has  no  significant  interest-bearing  assets,  the  Group’s  income  and  operating  cash  flows  are 
substantially independent of changes in market interest rates.  

(b) 

Credit risk 

The Group has a customer credit policy in place and the exposure to credit risk is monitored on an ongoing 
basis.  
At  31  December  2021  there  were  no  significant  concentrations  of  credit  risk  (2020:  £nil).  The  maximum 
exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset included in the balance 
sheet. Management does not expect any losses from non-performance by these counterparties.  Due to the 
nature of the Group’s business, credit risk is assessed on a customer by customer basis prior to entering into 
contractual  arrangements  and  on  an  expected  credit  loss  basis  in  line  with  IFRS9.  See  note  2.1  for  impact 
assessment. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Financial risk management (continued) 

(c)  

Liquidity risk 

The Group maintains short-term cash deposits and unutilised banking facilities to mitigate any liquidity risk it 
may face.  Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity reserves on the basis of forecast 
cash flow.  

The  table  below  analyses  the  Group’s  financial  liabilities  into  relevant  maturity  groupings  based  on  the 
remaining  period  at  the  balance  sheet  date  to  the  contractual  maturity  date.  Impact  on  discounting  is  not 
deemed material/relevant in respect of trade and other payables since this relates predominantly to deferred 
revenue  for  which  the  cash  has  already  been  received  and  the  balance  is  being  released  to  the  income 
statement in line with the contract. 

At 31 December 2021 

Bank overdraft 

Trade and other payables (note 22) 

Other borrowings (note 24) 

At 31 December 2020 

Bank overdraft  

Trade and other payables 

Other borrowings  

Less than       
 one year 
£’000 

Between one and 
four years 
£’000 

1,388 

1,332 

30 

1,256 

1,246 

15 

- 

- 

105 

- 

- 

135 

Lease liabilities have been presented within Liabilities as a result of the Group’s implementation of IFRS 16 in 
2019.  

Capital risk management 
The  Group’s  objectives  when  managing  capital  are  to  safeguard  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an 
optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the 
Group  may  adjust  the  amount  of  dividends  paid  to shareholders,  return  capital  to  shareholders,  issue  new 
shares or sell assets to reduce debt.  
The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total 
capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings (including ‘current and non-current borrowings’ as shown in 
the consolidated balance sheet) less cash and cash equivalents. Total capital is calculated as ‘equity’ as shown 
in the consolidated balance sheet plus net debt. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2021 (continued) 

Capital risk management (continued) 

The gearing ratios at 31 December 2021 and 2020 were as follows: 

Net debt 

Total equity 

Total capital  

Gearing ratio 

2021 

£’000  

- 

2,319 

2,319 

-% 

2020 

£’000 

- 

1,978 

1,978 

-% 

As at 31 December 2021, borrowings (which constitute PLC bank overdraft andCBILs) were entirely offset by 
positive cash balances within the subsidiary companies, meaning the Group had no net debt, and therefore 
no gearing ratio, at the reporting date (2020 - no gearing ratio). 

Fair value estimation 
The carrying value, less impairment provision of trade receivables and payables are assumed to approximate 
to their fair value. The carrying values of borrowings approximate to their fair value due to their short-term 
maturity. 

Disclosure of information to auditors 
Each director at the date of approval of this report confirms that:  

• 

• 

so far as each director is aware, there is no relevant audit information (that is, information needed by 
the auditors in connection with preparing their report) of which the auditors are unaware; and 

each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself 
aware  of  any  relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the  auditors  are  aware  of  that 
information. 

This  statement  is  given  and  should  be  interpreted  in  accordance  with  the  provision  of  Section  418  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Independent auditors 
The auditors, Haysmacintyre LLP, have indicated their willingness to continue in office, and a resolution that 
they be reappointed will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. 

By order of the Board 

N M Rourke 
Company Secretary 
25 April 2022 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the financial 
statements 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulation. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
directors have prepared the Group financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and Company financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. Under company law the 
directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss of the Group and Company for that 
period. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are required to: 

• 
• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed for the Group 
financial  statements  and  IFRSs  as  adopted  by  the  European  Union  have  been  followed  for  the 
Company  financial  statements,  subject  to  any  material  departures  disclosed  and  explained  in  the 
financial statements; 

•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and 
•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that 

the Group and Company will continue in business. 

The directors are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Group and Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of  the  Group  and  Company  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

The directors of the ultimate parent company are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the ultimate 
parent company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of 
financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of directors’ responsibilities in respect of the financial 
statements (continued) 

Each of the directors, whose names and functions are listed in the Directors' Report confirm that, to the best 
of their knowledge: 

• 

• 

• 

the Company financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and result of 
the Company; 

the Group financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of 
the Group; and 

the Directors' Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and 
the  position  of  the  Group  and  Company,  together  with  a  description  of  the  principal  risks  and 
uncertainties that it faces.  

By order of the Board 

N M Rourke 
Company Secretary 
25 April 2022 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc 

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Touchstar PLC (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘Group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2021  which  comprise  a  consolidated  income  statement,  a 
consolidated statement of financial position, a consolidated and company statements of financial position, a 
consolidated statement of changes in equity, a company statement of changes in equity, a consolidated and 
company  statements  of  cash  flows  and  notes  to  the  Group  financial  statements,  including  a  summary  of 
significant accounting policies. . The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation 
is applicable law and UK adopted international accounting standards. 

In our opinion, the financial statements: 

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 

2021 and of the group’s profit for the year then ended; 

• have been properly prepared in accordance with UK adopted international accounting standards]; and 
• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with 
the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s 
Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical  responsibilities  in 
accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

An overview of the scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in 
the  financial  statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  where  the  directors  made  subjective  judgements,  for 
example  in  respect  of  significant  accounting  estimates  that  involved  making  assumptions  and  considering 
future events that are inherently uncertain. As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management 
override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the directors that 
represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.  We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that 
we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole, taking into 
account the structure of the group and the company, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry 
in which they operate. 

The Group comprises three financially significant companies: two principal trading companies and one holding 
company, all of which are based in the UK. We performed audits of the three companies in the Group, giving 
us the evidence we needed to form our opinion on the Group financial statements. All work was performed by 
the Group engagement team.  

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc 
(continued) 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key audit matter 

How our audit addressed the key audit matter 

Costs capitalised  represent both internal staff costs (time) 
capitalised,  as  well  as  third  party  costs.  These  costs  are 
allocated on a project basis. 

For internal staff costs capitalised, we have understood the 
employees'  specific  roles  and  work,  and  the  allocation 
between  project  and  non-project  activities.  We  have 
discussed 
allocations  with 
management and with employees. 

challenged 

these 

and 

A sample of third-party costs capitalised have been agreed 
to supporting documentation. The nature of these costs has 
been tested to confirm they are used in viable projects. 

In addition, we have understood the status of each project, 
and compared this to the requirements of IAS 38 to ensure 
that capitalisation is appropriate. 

We  have  challenged  management’s  assessment  of  the 
commercial  viability  of  each  active  project,  to  consider 
whether capitalised costs are recoverable.  

On  completion  of our  audit  procedures,  we  conclude  that 
the  company’s  intangible  assets  are  stated  and  disclosed 
accurately in all material aspects.  

We agreed cash received to revenue in order to gain 
comfort over its occurrence and completeness.  We also 
agreed a sample of revenue transactions to appropriate 
evidence of customer acceptance. 

We performed testing over cut-off and also recalculated 
and corroborated a sample of deferred revenue items.     

Recoverability of capitalised development costs 

The Group has capitalised development costs of 
£1,198,000.  This represents costs incurred on 
development projects that meets the criteria as set out in 
'IAS 38: Intangible assets'. 

The decision whether to capitalise and how to determine 
the period of economic benefit requires some judgement, 
including an assessment of the commercial viability of the 
project, and the prospect of future sales. 

Revenue recognition 

The Group earned revenue of £6,104,000 in the year.  
There is a risk that revenue is recognised inappropriately 
and not in accordance with IFRS 15.   

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc 
(continued) 

Our application of materiality 
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. We set certain quantitative 
thresholds for materiality. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine 
the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual 
financial statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both 
individually and in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole.  

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a 
whole as follows: 

Group financial statements 

Company financial statements 

Overall materiality 

£122,000 (2020: £58,000). 

£57,350 (2020: £15,000). 

How we determined it 

2% of turnover (2020: 1% of turnover) 

Rationale for benchmark 
applied 

Based on the benchmarks used in the annual 
report, turnover is a primary measure used 
by the shareholders in assessing the 
performance of the group and is a generally 
accepted auditing benchmark. 

5% of Net Liabilities (2020: 1% Net 
Liabilities). 

We believe that net liabilities is a primary 
measure used by the shareholders in 
assessing the performance of the entity 
given the company is a holding company 
and so does not trade.  Net liabilities is a 
generally accepted auditing benchmark. 

For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality that was less than our overall 
group materiality. The range of materiality allocated across components was between £48,000 and £73,000. 
Certain components were audited to a local statutory audit materiality that was also less than our overall 
group materiality. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them misstatements identified during our 
audit above £6,100 (Group audit) (2020: 2,900) and £2,867 (Company audit) (2020: £750) as well as 
misstatements below those amounts that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

Conclusions relating to going concern  
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’ 
assessment of the entity’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included review 
of the Group’s budgets and cashflow forecasts and supporting information such as order books.   

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or 
conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a 
going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for 
issue.   

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 
relevant sections of this report.   

27 

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc 
(continued) 

Other information 
The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  The  other  information  comprises  the  information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion 
on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly 
stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or  otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such 
material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a 
material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  or  a  material  misstatement  of  the  other  information.  If, 
based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material  misstatement  of  this  other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the 

financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

•  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 

requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 
2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 

audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

• the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 

or 

• certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement  set  out  on  page  23,  the  directors  are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern 
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the 
parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Touchstar plc 
(continued) 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

Irregularities,  including  fraud,  are  instances  of  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations.  We  design 
procedures  in  line  with  our  responsibilities,  outlined  above,  to  detect  material  misstatements  in  respect  of 
irregularities,  including  fraud.  The  extent  to  which  our  procedures are  capable  of  detecting irregularities, 
including fraud is detailed below:  

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud  
Based  on  our  understanding  of  the  company  and  industry,  we  identified  that  the  principal  risks  of  non-
compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  related  to  health  &  safety  and  employment  law,  and  regulatory 
requirements for AIM listed companies, and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a 
material effect on the financial statements. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct 
impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies Act 2006, corporation tax, payroll 
tax and sales tax.    

We  evaluated  management’s  incentives  and  opportunities  for  fraudulent  manipulation  of  the  financial 
statements (including the risk of override of controls) and determined that the principal risks were related to 
the posting of inappropriate journal entries during the final quarter of the year and also management bias in 
accounting estimates.  Audit procedures performed by the engagement team included:   

Inspecting correspondence with regulators and tax authorities;    

• 
•  Discussions  with  management  including  consideration  of  known  or  suspected  instances  of  non-

• 

compliance with laws and regulation and fraud;    
Identifying and testing journals, in particular journal entries posted by management in the final quarter 
of the year; and    

•  Challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in their critical accounting estimates    

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part 
of our auditor’s report.   

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the 
company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Christopher Cork (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of Haysmacintyre LLP, Statutory Auditors  
25 April 2022   

10 Queen Street Place 
                         London  
                     EC4R 1AG 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit  

Distribution costs 

Administrative expenses  

Other operating income 

Operating profit before share-based 
payment provision   
Share-based payment provision 
included in administrative expenses 
Operating profit 

Finance costs 

Profit before income tax 

Income tax credit 

Profit for the year attributable to the 
owners of the parent 

Note 

4 

5 

7(b) 

5 

10 

11 

2021 

£’000 

6,104 

(2,472) 

3,632 

(49) 

(3,400) 

44 

233 

(6) 

227 

(20) 

207 

134 

341 

2020 

£’000 

5,886 

(2,827) 

3,059 

(41) 

(3,125) 

146 

39 

- 

39 

(16) 

23 

64 

87 

Earnings per ordinary share (pence) attributable to owners of the parent during the year (note 12): 

Basic 

2021 
4.02p 

2020 
1.03p 

There is no other comprehensive income or expense in the current year or prior year and consequently no 
statement of other comprehensive income or expense has been presented. 
All activity in 2021 relating to continuing operations. 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the 
parent Company income statement. The profit for the Company is detailed in the Statement of financial position 
and the Company statement of changes in shareholders’ equity. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 
December 2021 

              Share       

capital 

£’000 

424 

- 

424 

- 

424 

Share 
premium 
account 

£’000 

1,119 

- 

1,119 

- 

1,119 

Share based 
payment 
Reserves 

£’000 

Retained 
earnings 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

6 

6 

348 

87 

435 

341 

776 

Total equity 

£’000 

1,891 

87 

1,978 

347 

2,325 

At 1 January 2020 

Profit for the year 

At 31 December 2020 

Profit for the year 

At 31 December 2021 

Company statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 
December 2021 

              Share       

capital 

£’000 
 424   

 -  

424 

- 

424 

Share 
premium 
account 

Share based 
payment 
reserve 

£’000 
1,119 

- 

1,119 

- 

1,119 

£’000 

-  

 -  

- 

6 

6 

Retained 
earnings 

£’000 
(2,705)   

3 

Total equity 

£’000 
(1,162)   

3 

(2,702) 

(1,159) 

6 

12 

(2,696) 

(1,147) 

At 1 January 2020 

Profit for the year 

At 31 December 2020 

Profit for the year 

At 31 December 2021 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and Company statements of financial position as at 31 
December 2021 

Group 

Company 

              2021 

               2020 

            2021 

             2020 

Note 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Non-current assets 

Intangible assets 

Investments 

Property, plant and equipment 

Right-of-use assets 

Deferred tax assets 

Current assets 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Corporation tax receivable 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Contract liabilities 

Borrowings 

Lease liabilities 

Non-current liabilities 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Contract liabilities  

Borrowings 

Lease liabilities 

13 

14 

15 

16 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

18 

23 

24 

25 

1,198 

1,350 

- 

94 

399 

81 

- 

121 

479 

63 

1,772 

2,013 

865 

1,071 

166 

3,903 

6,005 

7,777 

1,333 

1,762 

1,418 

169 

4,682 

251 

172 

105 

242 

770 

714 

1,010 

110 

3,177 

5,011 

7,024 

1,246 

1,485 

1,271 

163 

4,165 

215 

177 

135 

354 

881 

- 

5 

- 

- 

3 

8 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

3 

- 

462 

474 

- 

- 

462 

470 

94 

- 

1,418 

- 

1,512 

- 

- 

105 

- 

105 

- 

- 

474 

477 

230 

- 

1,271 

- 

1,501 

- 

- 

135 

- 

135 

Total liabilities 

5,452 

5,046 

1,617 

1,636 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and Company statement of financial position as at 31 
December 2021 (continued) 

Group 

Company 

           2021 

Note 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

       2021 

           2020 

£’000 

£’000 

Capital and reserves attributable 
to owners of the parent 

Retained earnings at beginning of 
year 

Profit/(loss) for the year 

Retained earnings at end of year 

Share capital  

Share based payment reserve 

Share premium 

Total equity 

Total equity and liabilities 

26 

26 

26 

435 

348 

(2,702) 

(2,705) 

341 

776 

424 

6 

1,119 

2,325 

7,777 

87 

435 

424 

- 

1,119 

1,978 

7,024 

6 

3 

(2,696) 

(2,702) 

424 

6 

424 

- 

1,119 

1,119 

(1,147) 

(1,159) 

470 

477 

The notes on pages 35 to 67 are an integral part of these Group financial statements. 

The Company reported a profit for the financial year of £6,000 (2020: £3,000). 

The Group and Company financial statements on pages 30 to 67 were approved by the Board of Directors on       
25 April 2022 and were signed on its behalf by: 

M W Hardy 
Director 
Registered number Scotland: SC005543 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and Company cash flow statement for the year ended 31 
December 2021 

Group 

Company 

Note 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Operating Profit 

Depreciation 

Amortisation 

Share-based payment provision 

Movement in: 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

15,16 

13 

7(b) 

19 

20 

Trade and other payables and contract liabilities  22,23 

226 

233 

612 

6 

(151) 

(60) 

358 

39 

227 

588 

- 

177 

307 

(86) 

Cash generated from/(used in) operations 

1,224 

1,252 

Interest paid 

Corporation tax received 

(20) 

97 

(16) 

326 

Net cash generated from operating activities 

1,301 

1,562 

1 

- 

- 

6 

- 

(80) 

(36) 

(109) 

(3) 

- 

(112) 

- 

(5) 

- 

(5) 

(15) 

- 

(15) 

3 

- 

- 

- 

- 

715 

172 

890 

(3) 

- 

887 

- 

- 

- 

- 

150 

- 

150 

(460) 

(439) 

- 

(50) 

(510) 

(15) 

(182) 

(197) 

- 

(20) 

(459) 

150 

(182) 

(32) 

594 

1,071 

(132) 

1,037 

1,921 

2,515 

850 

1,921 

(1,256) 

(1,388) 

(2,293) 

(1,256) 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Addition of intangible assets  

Investment in subsidiaries 

Purchase of property, plant and equipment 

13 

14 

15 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 

Proceeds from issue of business loan  

Principal elements of lease payments 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash 
equivalents  

Cash and cash equivalents at start of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

21 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 

1 

General information 

Touchstar  plc  (the  ‘Company’)  and  its  subsidiaries  (together  ‘the  Group’)  design  and  build  rugged  mobile 
computing devices and develop software solutions used in a wide variety of field-based delivery, logistics and 
service applications. The Company is a public company limited by share capital incorporated and domiciled in 
the  United  Kingdom.  The  Company  has  its  listing  on the  Alternative  Investment  Market.  The  address  of  its 
registered office is 1 George Square, Glasgow, G2 1AL. 

2 

Summary of significant accounting policies 

The  principal  accounting  policies  applied  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  and  Company  financial 
statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless 
otherwise stated. 

2.1 Basis of preparation 

The annual report and financial statements of the Company and the Group have been prepared in accordance 
with IFRS as adopted by the United Kingdom (IFRS), IFRS IC interpretations, the Companies Act 2006 applicable 
to  companies  reporting  under  IFRSs  and  the  AIM  rules  for  companies.  The  annual  report  and  financial 
statements have been prepared under the historic cost convention.  

The annual report and financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Company has 
elected  to  take  the  exemption  under  section  408  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  not  to  present  the  parent 
Company income statement. The loss for the Company is detailed in the Statement of changes in shareholders’ 
equity. 

The presentational currency of the Group and Company is pounds sterling. The Company’s functional currency 
is pounds sterling. All amounts included in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest thousand 
pounds sterling, except where explicitly stated otherwise. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting 
estimates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the  Group’s 
accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where 
assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 3.  

Going concern 

These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Group will 
be able to meet its liabilities when they fall due.  As of 31 December 2021, the Group held cash of £2,515,000 
(after considering overdraft balances as presented in note 21), with unencumbered net cash of £2,380,000 
after taking into account the £135,000 Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan. The Group also had an undrawn 
£200,000 on demand overdraft facility as of 31 December 2021 (also £nil in April 2022). 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.1 Basis of preparation (continued) 

Going concern (continued) 

The Touchstar management continues to demonstrate its ability to proactively respond to both internal and 
external challenges it has faced, non-more so than those encountered over the past two years. 
The directors remain confident in the business, the skillset employed in its dedicated staff, solid product set 
and loyal customer base.  
The C-19 pandemic continued to impact business during 2021, nonetheless, Group sales still increased on 2020 
by a modest £218,000, margins grew from 52% in 2020 to 59.5% in 2021 driven by richer margin sales and 
operational efficiencies, along with tight control of costs, resulted in a profit after tax of £341,000.  
The Group continues to benefit from a supportive bank who have provided the borrowing facility since 2005. 
Over  the  past  eighteen  months  the  Group  has  reduced  its  reliance  on  the  facility  provided  by  the  bank.  In 
assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, the Board has reviewed the Group’s cash flow 
and profit forecasts removing completely reliance on any facilities. The impact of potential risks and related 
sensitivities to the forecasts were considered in assessing the likelihood of additional facilities being required 
in the future  
The directors have at the time of approving the financial statements, a reasonable expectation that the 
company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus 
they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. 

Changes in accounting policies and disclosures 

New standards, amendments to standards or interpretations adopted by the Group and Company 

The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year. 

The following standards became effective on 1 January 2020, and in the opinion of the Directors will not have 
a material impact on the Group’s financial statements: 

- 
- 

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements 
IAS 12 Income Taxes 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.1 Basis of preparation (continued) 

Changes in accounting policies and disclosures (continued) 

New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective  

At the date of approval of these financial statements, the following standards and interpretations which have 
not been applied in these financial statements were in issue, but not yet effective (and in some cases had not 
been adopted by the EU):  

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

Amendment to IFRS 3 Business Combinations – Reference to the Conceptual Framework – effective 1 
January 2022* 
Amendments to IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets – effective 1 January 
2022* 
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020 Cycle – effective 1 January 2022* 
Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: Classification of Liabilities as Current or 
Non-current and Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current – Deferral 
of Effective Date – effective 1 January 2023* 
Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS Practice Statement 2: Disclosure 
of Accounting Policies – effective 1 January 2023* 
Amendments to IAS 8 Accounting policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors –Definition of 
Accounting Estimates – effective 1 January 2023* 

*Not yet endorsed in the UK 

2.2 Consolidation 

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is 
exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect 
those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which 
control is transferred to the Group. 

The financial statements consolidate the accounts of Touchstar plc and all of its subsidiary undertakings. Intra-
Group sales and profits are eliminated fully on consolidation.  

Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies 
adopted by the Group. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.3 Segment reporting 

In accordance with IFRS 8 operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting 
provided to the directors who are considered to be the chief operating decision makers (CODM). The CODM’s, 
who are deemed to be the executive board i.e. Directors, are responsible for allocating resources and assessing 
performance  of  the  operating  segments,  these  have  been  identified  as  the  Executive  Board.  The  Executive 
Board  considers  that  the  Group  comprises  one  segment,  being  the  supply  and  maintenance  of  real  time 
electronic data systems, and this is how results are reported to the Executive Board. 

2.4 Foreign currency translation 

(a) Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of 
the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The consolidated 
financial statements are presented in sterling, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. 

(b) Transactions and balances 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing 
at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the  settlement  of  such 
transactions  and  from  the  translation  at  year-end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement. 

2.5 Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  stated  at  historical  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation.  Historical  cost 
includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.  

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, 
only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the 
cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other 
repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are 
incurred. 

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to reduce an asset’s cost to its residual value over its 
estimated useful life, as follows: 

Plant and machinery   
Fixtures, fittings, tools and equipment 

over 2-5 years 
over 4-5 years 

Residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. 

An  asset’s  carrying  amount  is  written  down  immediately  to  its  recoverable  amount  if  the  asset’s  carrying 
amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.6 Intangible assets 

Development expenditure 
Development  expenditure  is  stated  at  historic  cost  less  accumulated  amortisation.  Costs  incurred  on 
development  projects  (relating  to  the  design  and  testing  of  new  or  improved  products)  are  recognised  as 
intangible assets when the following criteria are fulfilled: 

it is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use; 

• 
•  management intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; 
• 
• 
• 

there is an ability to use or sell the intangible asset; 
it can be demonstrated how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; 
adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the 
intangible asset are available; and 
the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be reliably measured. 

• 

Other  development  expenditure  that  does  not  meet  the  criteria  is  recognised  as  an  expense  as  incurred. 
Development costs previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent period. 
Capitalised development expenditure is recorded as an intangible asset and amortised from the point at which 
the asset is ready for use on a straight-line basis over its useful life, not exceeding five years (note 5). 

2.7 Inventories  

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost relating to raw materials, consumables, 
work on progress and finished goods comprises actual costs incurred in bringing each product to its present 
location and condition within each trading subsidiary as follows: 

- 

- 

Touchstar ATC Limited:   
Purchase cost and cost of direct materials using standard cost 
Touchstar Technologies Limited: 
Purchase cost and cost of direct materials using first in/first out (FIFO) basis 

The cost of work in progress and finished goods excludes direct labour and related production overheads as 
the directors consider that this element is not material. 

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable 
selling expenses.  Provision is made where necessary for obsolete, slow moving and defective inventory. 

39 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended                   
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.8 Trade and other receivables 

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. 

Under IFRS 9, effective from 1 January 2019, the Group elected to use the simplified approach to measure the 
loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses for trade receivables and contract assets 
that  result  from  transactions  that  are  within  the  scope  of  IFRS  15,  irrespective  of  whether  they  contain  a 
significant financing component or not. 

Under  the  new  accounting  standard,  the  Group  continues  to  establish  a  provision  for  impairment  of  trade 
receivables  when  there  is  objective  evidence  that  the  Group  will  not  be  able  to  collect  all  amounts  due 
according  to  the  original  terms  of  the  receivables.  Significant  financial  difficulties  of  the  counterparty, 
probability that the counterparty will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and default or delinquency 
in payments are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. In addition, IFRS 9 requires the 
group to consider forward looking information and the probability of default when calculating expected credit 
losses. The measurement of expected credit losses reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that 
is determined by evaluating the range of possible outcomes as well as incorporating the time value of money. 
The Group considers reasonable and supportable customer-specific and market information about past events, 
current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions when measuring expected credit losses. 

The amount of the provision is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of estimated 
future cashflows of the asset, discounted, where material, at the original effective interest rate. The carrying 
amount  of  the  asset  is  reduced  through  the  use  of  an  allowance  account,  and  the  amount  of  the  loss  is 
recognised in the Income Statement within ‘administrative costs’. When a trade receivable is uncollectable, it 
is  written  off  against  the  allowance  account  for  the  trade  receivables.  Subsequent  recoveries  of  amounts 
previously written off are credited against ‘administrative costs’ in the Income Statement. 

They are included within current assets, except where the receivables are expected to be settled in more than 
12 months in which case they are classified as non-current assets. 

2.9 Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid 
investments  with  original  maturities  of  three  months  or  less,  and  bank  overdrafts.  Bank  overdrafts  where 
applicable are shown within borrowings in current liabilities on the balance sheet and where appropriate the 
right of offset has been taken. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended                   
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.10 Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.  

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, 
net of tax, from the proceeds. 

2.11 Trade and other payables 

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of 
business from suppliers. Trade and other payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within 
one year or less. If not they are presented as non-current liabilities. 

Trade payables are recognised at fair value and subsequently held at amortised cost. 

2.12 Borrowings 

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently 
stated at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption 
value is recognised in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest 
method. 

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement 
of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date. 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended                   
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.13 Current and deferred tax 

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, 
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In 
this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at 
the  balance  sheet  date.  Management  periodically  evaluates  positions  taken  in  tax  returns  with  respect  to 
situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  It  establishes  provisions  where 
appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. 

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between 
the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements. 
However, the deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability 
in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting 
nor  taxable  profits  or  losses. Deferred  income  tax  is  determined  using  tax  rates  (and  laws)  that  have  been 
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income 
tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be 
available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where 
the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the 
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

2.14 Employee benefits 

(a) Pension obligations 
The  Group  operates  various  pension  schemes.  The  schemes  are  generally  funded  through  payments  to 
insurance companies. The Group has only defined contribution plans. A defined contribution plan is a pension 
plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity.  

The Group pays contributions to privately administered pension insurance plans on a contractual or voluntary 
basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions 
are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an 
asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payment is available. 

 (b) Profit-sharing and bonus plans 
The Group recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses and profit-sharing, based on a formula that takes 
into consideration the profit attributable to the Company’s shareholders after certain adjustments. The Group 
recognises  a  provision  where  contractually  obliged  or  where  there  is  a  past  practice  that  has  created  a 
constructive obligation. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.15 Share-based payments 

The group operates an equity-settled, share-based compensation plan, under which the entity receives services 
from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the group. The fair value of the employee 
services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense. The total amount to be 
expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted based on the performance of the 
group as defined in the Plan. 

When the options are exercised, the company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. 

The grant by the company of options over its equity instruments to the employees of subsidiary undertakings 
in the group is treated as a capital contribution. The fair value of employee services received, measured by 
reference to the grant date fair value, is recognised over the vesting period as an increase to investment in 
subsidiary undertakings, with corresponding credit to equity in the parent entity accounts. 

2.16 Revenue recognition 

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and 
services in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities. Revenue is shown net of value added tax, returns, 
rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the Group. All Group revenue is derived from contracts 
with customers. 

The Group recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future 
economic benefits will flow to the relevant entity and the Group has satisfied its performance obligations as 
laid  out  in  contracts  with  its  customers.  Any  revenue  received  from  customers  in  advance  of  the  Group 
satisfying its performance obligations is classified as a contract liability and carried in the Statement of Financial 
Position until it is appropriate to recognise the corresponding revenue (see note 23 Contract liabilities). 

Revenue recognised over time relates to fixed term maintenance and software contracts and is recognised on 
a straight-line basis over the life on an agreement. All other revenue including but not limited to Installations, 
spares,  repairs  and  system  sales,  relates  to  Group  activities  that  are  recognised  at  a  point  in  time,  with 
consideration falling due as performance obligations are satisfied within pre-existing credit terms (see note 4 
Revenue). 

Transaction  prices  are  determined  with  references  to  contracted  consideration.  No  element  of  financing  is 
deemed  present  as  sales  are  typically  made  with  30-90-day  credit  terms,  which  is  consistent  with  market 
practice.  Where  longer  term  arrangements  do  arise,  the  impact  of  the  time  value  of  money  on  contract 
liabilities is considered immaterial and therefore no adjustment is made to reflect this. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

2 

Summary of accounting policies (continued) 

2.17 Leases 

The Group as a lessee 
The Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. The Group recognises 
a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease agreements in which it is the 
lessee, except for short-term leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of low 
value assets. For these leases, the Group recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-
line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern 
in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed. 
The  lease  liability  is  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  that  are  not  paid  at  the 
commencement  date,  discounted  by  using  the  rate  implicit  in  the  lease.  If  this  rate  cannot  be  readily 
determined, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate based on rate provided by the Groups bankers, 
Barclays.  

The lease liability is included in 'Payables' on the Statement of Financial Position. 

The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease 
liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments 
made. 

The Company did not make any such adjustments during the periods presented. 

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments 
made at or before the commencement day and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost 
less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. 
Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. 
If  a  lease  transfers  ownership  of  the  underlying  asset  or  the  cost  of  the  right-of-use  asset  reflects  that  the 
Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful 
life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease. 

The right-of-use assets are included in the 'Intangible Assets', 'Tangible Fixed Assets' and 'Investment Property' 
lines, as applicable, in the Statement of Financial Position. 

The  Company  applies  IAS  36  to  determine  whether  a  right-of-use  asset  is  impaired  and  accounts  for  any 
identified impairment loss as described in note 16. 

As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead account 
for  any  lease  and  associated  non-lease  components  as  a  single  arrangement.  The  Company  has  used  this 
practical expedient. 

2.18 Dividend distribution 

Any annual final dividend is not provided for until approved at the Annual General  Meeting, whilst interim 
dividends are charged in the period they are paid. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

3 

Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

The Group and Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting 
estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have 
a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the 
next financial year are discussed below. 

(a) Development expenditure 
The  Group  recognises  costs  incurred  on  development  projects  as  an  intangible  asset  which  satisfies  the 
requirements of IAS 38. The calculation of the costs incurred includes the percentage of time spent by certain 
employees on the development project.  The decision whether to capitalise and how to determine the period 
of economic benefit of a development project requires an assessment of the commercial viability of the project 
and the prospect of selling the project to new or existing customers (see note 13).    

(b) Impairment of intangibles 
Judgement  is  required  in  the  impairment  of  assets,  notably  intangible  software  development  costs. 
Recoverable amounts are based on a calculation of expected future cash flows, which require assumptions and 
estimates of future performance to be made. Cash flows are discounted to their present value using pre-tax 
discount rates based on the Directors market assessment of risks specific to the asset (see note 13). 

(c) Stock provisions 
Judgement is required in relation to the appropriate provision to be made for the write down of slow moving 
or obsolete inventory. Such provisions are made based on the assessment of the Group’s prospective sale of 
inventories and their net realisable value, which are subject to estimation uncertainty (see note 19). 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

4 

Revenue 

The Group has two trading subsidiaries, Touchstar ATC Limited and Touchstar Technologies Limited, however 
the Executive Board who are deemed to be the CODMs consider that both companies are engaged in the same 
market and therefore the Executive Board review the results of the Group as a whole.  

Consequently,  the  Executive  Board  regard  the  Group  as  operating  in  one  segment,  being  the  supply  and 
maintenance of real time electronic data systems.  All of the Group’s revenue, expenses, results, assets and 
liabilities are in respect of the supply and maintenance of real time electronic data systems and are presented 
on pages 30 to 34.  

All revenue is generated within the UK.  

 4.1  Geographical information 

UK 

Europe 

Rest of World 

2021 

£’000 

5,752 

333 

19 

6,104 

2020 

£’000 

5,393 

433 

60 

5,886 

4.2  Major customers 

During the year ended 31 December 2021 approximately £932,000 (2020: £nil) of the consolidated entity’s 
external revenue was derived from sales to one customer. 

4.3 

Analysis of revenue 

Recognised at a point in time  

Recognised over time (recurring revenue) – note 23 

2021 

£’000 

3,782 

2,322 

6,104 

2020 

£’000 

3,788 

2,098 

5,886 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

5 

Operating profit 

Operating loss is stated after charging: 

Depreciation: 

Owned assets (note 16(a)) 

Leased assets (note 16(b)) 

Development expenditure amortisation (note 14) 

Share-based payment provision (note 5) 

Research and development expenditure 

Cost of inventories recognised as an expense 

Write down of inventory as an expense 

Staff costs (note 7) 

(Profit)/loss on foreign exchange 

Other operating income: 

2021 

£’000 

77 

156 

612 

6 

475 

1,494 

93 

2,366 

(8) 

2020 

£’000 

74 

153 

588 

- 

331 

1,687 

259 

2,221 

(5) 

HMRC Job Retention Scheme grant funding 

44 

146 

Auditors’ remuneration 

6 
During the year the Group obtained the following services from the Company’s auditors at costs as detailed 
below: 

Audit services: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the audit of the Parent 
Company and consolidated financial statements 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for other services: 

Audit of subsidiaries pursuant to legislation 

Other assurance services 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

15 

35 

3 

53 

13 

32 

3 

48 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

7 

Employee remuneration 

(a) Employee benefits expense 

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the Group and Company during 
the year was: 

Administrative, management and sales 

Production and technical 

Staff costs for the above persons were: 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 
Other pension costs – defined         
contribution plans 

Group 

2021 

2020 

Number 

Number 

35 

15 

50 

33 

16 

49 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

2,199 

2,046 

245 

109 

229 

117 

2,553 

2,392 

As at 31 December 2021 the Group and Company had accrued pension costs of £21,000 (2020: £18,000). 
Staff costs are inclusive of capitalised salaries amounting to £193,000 (2020: £171,000). 

(b) Share-based employee remuneration 

The Touchstar plc EMI Share Option Plan (Plan) was approved by the shareholders at the Annual 2021 AGM 
on 23 June 2021. It is a share-based payment scheme for employee remuneration which will be settled in 
equity. 

The Plan is part of the remuneration package for Group employees as selected by the Group’s Remuneration 
Committee. Options under this Plan will vest if certain performance conditions, as defined in the Plan are 
met. Participants in this Plan must be employed until the end of the agreed vesting period unless deemed as 
‘good employees’ by the Group’s Remuneration Committee on leaving. Upon vesting, each option allows the 
holder to purchase each allocated share at the market price determined at the grant date. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

7 

Employee remuneration (continued) 

(b) Share-based employee remuneration (continued) 

The number of options granted during the year and outstanding at 31 December 2021 was 211,000 (2020: 
n/a). These shares had not vested as at 31 December 2021. 

The assessed fair value at grant date of options granted during the year ended 31 December 2021 was £0.35 
per option (2020: £n/a). The fair value at grant date is independently determined using the Black-Scholes 
model that takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the impact of dilution (where 
material), the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the risk-free 
interest rate for the term of the option, and the annualised volatility of Touchstar plc’s shares. 

The model inputs for options granted during the year ended 31 December 2021 included:  

Grant date 

Vesting period ends 

Share price at date of grant 

Volatility 

Risk-free investment rate 

Fair value per option at grant date 

Exercise price at date of grant 

Exercise period ends 

18 Nov 2021 

Term A 30 Jun 2023 

Term B 30 Jun 2024 

£0.85 

50% 

1% 

£0.41 

£0.85 

Term A 30 Jun 2023/17 Nov 2031 

Term B 30 Jun 2024/17 Nov 2031 

Weighted average remaining contractual life 

6.06 years 

The underlying expected price volatility was determined by reference to the historical data of Touchstar plc 
shares over the past 12 months. No special features inherent to the options granted were incorporated into 
measurements of fair value. 

In total, £6,000 (2020: £n/a) of employee remuneration expense (all of which related to equity-settled share-
based payment transactions) has been included in the income statement and credited to the Share-based 
payment reserve.  

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

8  Directors’ emoluments 

Aggregate emoluments 

Pension costs – defined contribution plans 

All three Directors are remunerated through the parent company.   

The emoluments of the individual Directors were as follows: 

Salaries and bonuses: 

Executive directors 

I P Martin  

M W Hardy  

Non-executive directors 

J L Christmas  

2021 

£’000 

292 

- 

292 

2020 

£’000 

254 

10 

264 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

50 

215 

27 

293 

44 

186 

25 

255 

Salaries and fees are inclusive of car allowance for M W Hardy of £2,000 (2020: £23,000). 

M W Hardy is also accruing benefits under a defined contribution pension scheme.  No other directors receive 
contributions to any pension scheme. 

During the year 31 December 2021 M W Hardy was awarded and paid a bonus amounting to £16,000 (2020: 
£5,000.   

Of the 211,000 share options granted during the year, 40,000 were granted to M W hardy.    

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended                   
31 December 2021 (continued) 

9 

Key management compensation 

Key management consists of the directors and three key departmental managers (2020: three). 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 

Pension costs – defined contribution plans 

10  Finance costs 

Interest and finance charges paid/payable for lease liabilities 

Bank interest 

Total Finance costs 

11 

Income tax credit 

Corporation tax 

Current tax 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Deferred tax 

Total tax credit 

2021 

£’000 

543 

66 

23 

632 

2021 

£’000 

17 

3 

20 

2020 

£’000 

486 

57 

29 

572 

2020 

£’000 

18 

(2) 

16 

2021 

£’000 

2020 

£’000 

(147) 

(5) 

18 

(134) 

(92) 

- 

28 

(64) 

Corporation tax is calculated at 19% (2020: 19%) of the estimated assessable profit for the year.  This is the 
weighted average tax rate applicable for the year.  

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

11 

Income tax credit (continued) 

Factors affecting the tax credit for the year  

The tax credit for the year is same as (2020: same as) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% 
(2020: 19%). The differences are explained below: 

Profit before income tax 

Multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% 
(2020: 19%) 

Effects of: 

Items not deductible for tax purposes 

Enhanced research and development deduction 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

Losses surrendered through R&D tax credit 

Capital allowances claimed in year less than/(in excess of) 
depreciation 
Previously unrecognised tax losses used to reduce current tax 
expense 
Adjustment to deferred tax arising from changes in tax rate 

Total tax credit for the year 

2021  

£’000 

207 

39 

2 

(213) 

(5) 

46 

20 

(71) 
48 

(134) 

2020 

£’000 

23 

4 

1 

(167) 

- 

29 

28 

- 
41 

(64) 

Factors affecting the future tax charge 
Changes to the UK corporation tax rates were substantively enacted as part of Finance Bill 2021 (on 2 
February 2022).  This included the maintaining of the current corporation tax rate of 19%.  

The budget also announced an increase in rate from 19% to 25% from April 2023. Therefore, deferred taxes 
at the balance sheet date have been measured at the enacted tax rate of 25%. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended    
31 December 2021 (continued) 

12  Earnings/(losses) per share 

Basic 

Diluted 

2021 

4.02p 

N/A 

2020 

1.03p 

N/A 

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  earnings  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  by  the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. The Group issued 211,000 options with 
an exercise price of 85p during the year. Given the exercise price of these options, they are considered anti-
dilutive and therefore no diluted EPS is presented. 

Reconciliations of the earnings and weighted average number of shares used in the calculation are set out 
below: 

2021 

2020 

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (in 
thousands) 

Weighted 
average 
number of 
shares (in 
thousands) 

Earnings 
£’000 

Earnings 
£’000 

341 

8,475 

341 

8,475 

87 

87 

8,475 

8,475 

Basic EPS 
Profit attributable to owners of the 
parent 

Adjusted EPS 

Earnings attributable to owners of the 
parent before share-based payment 
provision 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

13 

Intangible assets 

Cost 

At 1 January 2020 

Additions 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2020 

Additions 

Disposal 

Group 

Development 
expenditure 
£’000 

Goodwill 
£’000 

9,904 

- 

(1,313) 

8,591 

- 

- 

2,862 

439 

- 

3,301 

460 

(678) 

At 31 December 2021 

8,591 

3,083 

Total 
£’000 

12,766 

439 

(1,313) 

11,892 

460 

(678) 

11,674 

11,267 

588 

(1,313) 

10,542 

612 

(678) 

9,904 

- 

(1,313) 

8,591 

- 

- 

1,363 

588 

- 

1,951 

612 

(678) 

8,591 

1,885 

10,476 

- 

- 

- 

1,198 

1,499 

1,350 

1,198 

1,499 

1,350 

Accumulated amortisation 

At 1 January 2020 

Amortisation charge 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2020 

Amortisation charge 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2021 

Net book value 

At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2020 

At 31 December 2020 

Disposal of goodwill relates to the dissolution of the three dormant subsidiary undertakings during 2020. 

Amortisation  of  £612,000  (2020:  £588,000)  is  included  within  administrative  expenses  in  the  income 
statement. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

13   Intangible assets (continued) 

Development expenditure 

The calculation of the costs incurred includes third party developers along with the percentage of time spent 
by certain employees on hardware and software development for deployment in business operations.  The 
decision whether to capitalise and how to determine the period of economic benefit of a development project 
requires an assessment of the commercial viability of the project and the prospect of selling the project to new 
or existing customers.  

Management determined budgeted sales growth based on historic performance and its expectations of market 
development via each product set’s underlying pipeline. 

A review of each of the product sets did not result in any impairment. 

Development  expenditure  has  been  capitalised  on  an  ongoing  basis  and  therefore  has  a  remaining  useful 
economic life ranging from 0 to 5 years. 

55 

 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

14 

Investments 

Cost  

At 1 January and 31 December 2021 

Accumulated amortisation 

At 1 January and 31 December 2021 

Net book value 

31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 

Shares in 
subsidiary 
undertakings 
£’000 

11,625 

11,625 

- 

The  Parent  Company  has  the  following  wholly  owned  trading  subsidiary  undertakings,  incorporated  and 
operating in Great Britain, which are registered in England and Wales: 

Name of company and registered address 

Nature of business 

Description of shares held 

Touchstar Technologies Limited 
7 Commerce Way, Trafford Park, 
Manchester, M17 1HW 

Real time electronic data 
systems 

100,000 ordinary £1 shares 

Touchstar ATC Limited  
Maple Barn, Beeches Farm Road, Uckfield, 
TN22 5QD 

Real time electronic data 
systems 

140,000 ordinary £1 shares 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2021 (continued) 

15   Property, plant and equipment 

Fixtures, 
fittings, 
tools and 
equipment 
          £’000 

Plant and 
machinery 
          £’000 

Total              
£’000 

Cost  

At 1 January 2020 

Additions 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2020 

Additions 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2021 

Accumulated depreciation 

At 1 January 2020 

Charge for the year       

Disposals  

At 31 December 2020 

Charge for the year 

Disposals 

At 31 December 2021 

Net book value 

At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2020 

At 31 December 2020 

358 

12 

(55) 

315 

37 

(87) 

265 

268 

34 

(48) 

254 

36 

(87) 

203 

62 

61 

90 

345 

8 

(5) 

348 

13 

(49) 

312 

260 

40 

(12) 

288 

41 

(49) 

280 

32 

61 

85 

703 

20 

(60) 

663 

50 

(136) 

577 

528 

74 

(60) 

542 

77 

(136) 

483 

94 

121 

175 

Depreciation expenditure of £77,000 (2020: £74,000) is included within administrative expenses in the income 
statement. 

57 

 
 
 
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

16  

IFRS 16 Right of use assets 

Premises 
          £’000 

Motor 
vehicles 
          £’000 

Total              
£’000 

Cost  

At 1 January 2020 

Additions 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2020 

Additions 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2021 

Accumulated depreciation 

At 1 January 2020 

Charge for the year 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2020 

Charge for the year 

Disposal 

At 31 December 2021 

Net book value 

At 31 December 2021 

At 1 January 2020 

At 31 December 2020 

579 

- 

- 

579 

- 

- 

579 

141 

82 

- 

223 

82 

- 

305 

274 

438 

356 

212 

121 

791 

121 

(122) 

(122) 

211 

76 

- 

287 

128 

71 

790 

76 

- 

866 

269 

153 

(111) 

(111) 

88 

74 

- 

162 

125 

84 

123 

311 

156 

- 

467 

399 

522 

479 

Depreciation  expenditure  of  £156,000  (2020:  £153,000)  is  included  within  administrative  expenses  in  the 
income statement. 

58 

 
 
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

(a) Financial instruments by category 

17 
The accounting policies for financial instruments have been applied to the line items below: 

Financial assets     

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents  

Total 

Financial liabilities 

Trade and other payables (excluding tax and 
social security payable) 

Borrowings 

Total 

Group 

Company 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

1,070 

3,903 

4,973 

1,010 

3,177 

4,187 

462 

- 

462 

474 

- 

474 

Group 

Company 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

2021 
£’000 

2020 
£’000 

1,332 

1,246 

94 

230 

1,523 

2,855 

1,406 

2,652 

1,523 

1,617 

1,406 

1,636 

note 

20 

21 

22 

24 

17 

(b) Credit quality of financial assets 

Credit risk is managed on a Group basis and arises from cash and cash equivalents and credit exposures to 
customers. For banks, only independently rated parties with a minimum rating of ‘A’ are acceptable. The Group 
has dealt with one (2020: one) bank during the year. For customers the directors consider that, based on the 
historical  information  about  default  rates  and  the  current  strength  of  customer  relationships,  a  number  of 
which are recurring long-term customers, the credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor 
impaired is good.  

None of the financial assets that are fully performing have been renegotiated in the last twelve months. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2021 (continued) 

18  Deferred tax 

18.1  Deferred tax asset 

At 1 January 

Credited/(charged) to income 

At 31 December  

                        Group 

                      Company 

  2021 

£’000 

63 

18 

81 

 2020 

£’000 

111 

(48) 

63 

  2021 

£’000 

 2020 

£’000 

3 

- 

3 

- 

3 

3 

The deferred tax asset for the Group relates to unused tax losses of £521,000 (2020: £804,000).   

18.2  Deferred tax liability 

There has been a movement of £36,000 (2020: £19,000) in the deferred tax liability during the year. 

  2021 

£’000 

215 

36 

251 

  2021 

£’000 

(251) 

81 

 2020 

£’000 

234 

(19) 

215 

 2020 

£’000 

(215) 

63 

At 1 January  

Charged to income statement 

At 31 December 

Deferred tax (liability)/asset analysis: 

Amount in respect of fixed assets 

Amount in respect of losses 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2021 (continued) 

19 

Inventories  

Raw materials and consumables 

Finished goods and goods for resale 

Provision  

  2021 

£’000 

480 

469 

(84) 

865 

 2020 

£’000 

326 

560  

(172) 

714 

The cost of inventories recognised as an expense amounted to £1,494,000 included within cost of sales (2020: 
£1,687,000).    Provisions  of  £93,000  were  recognised  in  the  income  statement  within  cost  of  sales  (2020: 
£259,000).  No finished goods are held at fair value less cost to sell (2020: £nil). 

20  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 

Prepayments and accrued income 

Other debtors 

Group 

Company 

  2021 

£’000 

 2020 

£’000 

  2021 

£’000 

 2020 

£’000 

882 

- 

188 

- 

818 

- 

192 

- 

- 

455 

7 

- 

- 

467 

7 

- 

1,070 

1,010 

462 

474 

The amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings are interest free, unsecured and repayable on demand.  

The fair value of trade and other receivables is the same as the book value.  No provision for impairment of 
trade receivables has been made (2020: £nil). 

Trade receivables that are less than three months past due are not considered impaired. As of 31 December 
2021, trade receivables of £nil (2020: £37,000) were past due but not impaired. These relate to a number of 
independent  customers  for  whom  there  is  no  recent  history  of  default.  The  ageing  analysis  of  these  trade 
receivables is as follows: 

Up to 3 months past due 

  2021 

£’000 

- 

 2020 

£’000 

37 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2021 (continued) 

20  Trade and other receivables (continued) 

As of 31 December 2021, £nil of trade receivables (2020: £nil) were impaired and provided for.  No bad debt 
expenses (2020: £nil) has been recognised in the income statement. 

The carrying amount of the trade and other receivables denominated in the following currencies is: 

Sterling 

Euros 

Group 

Company 

  2021 

£’000 

1,070 

- 

1,070 

 2020 

£’000 

966 

44 

1,010 

2021 

£’000 

462 

- 

462 

2020 

£’000 

474 

- 

474 

The other classes within trade and other receivables do not contain impaired assets. The maximum exposure 
to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable mentioned above. The Group 
does not hold any collateral as security. 

21  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank and in hand 

Less: bank overdraft (included 
within borrowings note 24) 

Group 

Company 

  2021 

£’000 

3,903 

 2020 

£’000 

3,177 

2021 

£’000 

- 

2020 

£’000 

- 

 (1,388) 

(1,256) 

 (1,388) 

(1,256) 

2,515 

1,921 

(1,388) 

(1,256) 

The above balances are not offset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and are included for 
illustrative purposes only. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

22   Trade and other payables  

Trade payables 

Other taxes and social security 

Other payables 

Customer deposits 

Accruals  

Group 

Company 

  2021 

£’000 

462 

453 

50 

158 

209 

 2020 

£’000 

431 

477 

56 

61 

221 

1,332 

1,246 

  2021 

£’000 

15 

26 

- 

- 

53 

94 

 2020 

£’000 

12 

178 

- 

- 

40 

230 

Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings are interest free, unsecured and repayable on demand. 

23  Contract liabilities  

At beginning of year 

Invoiced 

Released to income statement 

At end of year 

2021 
£’000 

1,662 

2,594 

(2,322) 

1,934 

2020 
£’000 

1,530 

2,230 

(2,098) 

1,662 

The group has recognised the following liabilities related to contracts with customers: 

Due to be released within one year 

Due to be released in more than one year 

1,762 

172 

1,485 

177 

Contract  liabilities  relate  to  unsatisfied  performance  obligations  from  maintenance  and  software  licensing 
contracts.   

63 

 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

24  Borrowings 

Current borrowings: 

Bank overdraft 

Other loans 

Non-current borrowings: 

Bank overdraft 

Other loans 

Group 

Company 

 2020 

£’000 

1,256 

15 

1,271 

2021 

£’000 

1,388 

30 

1,418 

Group 

Company 

 2020 

£’000 

- 

135 

135 

2021 

£’000 

- 

105 

105 

  2021 

£’000 

1,388 

30 

1,418 

  2021 

£’000 

- 

105 

105 

2020 

£’000 

1,256 

15 

1,271 

2020 

£’000 

- 

135 

135 

The carrying amounts of borrowings approximate to their fair value due to their short-term maturity, meaning 
that  the  impact  of  discounting  is  not  significant.  The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Group’s  borrowings  are 
denominated solely in sterling. 
The Group bank overdraft facility is secured by a bond and floating charge over the entire assets of the Group.  
At 31 December 2021, the Group had total committed undrawn facilities of £200,000 (2020: £350,000).  
The Group now operates within a £200,000 net overdraft facility which takes into account both the gross cash 
position of each Group entity netted off against any borrowings.  As at the 31 December 2021, this represents 
the net cash balance of £2,515,000 (2020: £1,921,000) in Note 21.  
The Company and its subsidiaries have given a guarantee in relation to the overdraft facilities extended to The 
Group.  
Other  loans  relate  to  the  Coronavirus  Business  Interruption  Loan  repayable  monthly  over  six  years;  first 
payment commenced on the 12-month anniversary of drawdown, July 2021. 
The loan is guaranteed by the UK Government under the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme with 
interest payable monthly on commencement of loan repayment. The rate of interest is 4.19% per annum above 
the Bank of England floating rate. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 December 
2021 (continued) 

Leases 

25 
The note provides information for leases where the group is a lessee. 

i) 
The balance sheet shows the following amounts relating to leases: 

Amounts recognised in the balance sheet 

Notes 

16(b) 

Right-of-use assets 

  Buildings  

  Vehicles  

Lease liabilities 

  Current  

  Non-current  

  2021 
£’000 

274 

125 

399 

2021 

£’000 

169 

242 

411 

2020 
£’000 

356 

123 

479 

2020 

£’000 

163 

354 

517 

Under IFRS 16 the assets are now presented in property, plant and equipment and the liabilities as part of the 
group’s borrowings.  

Contractual undiscounted cash flows are due as follows: 

Lease liabilities (undiscounted) 

  Not later than one year 

  Between one year and five years 

2021 

£’000 

171 

240 

412 

2020 

£’000 

171 

357 

527 

There is not considered to be any significant liquidity risk by the Group in respect of leases. 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 31 December 
2021 (continued) 

25 

Leases 

ii) 

Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss 

Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets 

  Buildings  

  Vehicles  

Notes 

6 

  2021 

£’000 

82 

74 

156 

2020 

£’000 

82 

71 

153 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Group financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2021 (continued) 

25 

Leases (continued) 

The statement of profit or loss shows the following amounts relating to leases: 

Interest expense (included in finance cost) 

Expense relating to short-term leases (included 
in administrative expenses) 

26  Reserves 

The following describes the nature of each reserve within equity: 

2021 

£’000 

17 

18 

2020 

£’000 

18 

25 

Reserve 

Share premium 

Share-based payment reserve 

Retained earnings 

Description and purpose 

Amount  subscribed  for  share  capital  in  excess  of 
nominal value. 

Provision  for  options  granted  under  the  Group 
Enterprise Management Incentive Scheme. 

All  other  net  gains  and  losses  and  transactions  with 
owners (e.g. dividends) not recognised elsewhere. 

27  Share capital and share premium 

Group and company 

  Number of 
shares 
(thousands) 

Ordinary 
shares 
£’000 

Share 
premium 
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

At 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2021 

8,475 

424 

1,119 

1,543 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secretary and Registered Office 
N M Rourke   
1 George Square 
Glasgow 
G2 1AL 

Bankers 
Barclays Corporate Bank  
2nd Floor 
1 Park Row 
Leeds 
LS1 5AB 

Stockbroker and Financial Advisors 
WH Ireland Limited 
3rd Floor 
Royal House 
28 Sovereign Street 
Leeds 
LS1 4BJ 

Group Information 

Registered Number in Scotland SC005543 

Touchstar plc 
7 Commerce Way 
Trafford Park 
Manchester 
M17 1HW 
T: +44 (0) 1274 741860 
E: investor@touchstar.com 
www.touchstar.com 

Independent Statutory Auditors 
Haysmacintyre LLP 
10 Queen St Place 
London 
EC4R 1AG 

Solicitors 
Harrison Clark Rickerbys Limited 
Overross House  
Ross Park 
Ross-On-Wye 
Herefordshire 
HR9 7US 

Registrars 
Nevilles Registrars Ltd 
Neville House 
18 Laurel Lane 
Halesowen 
B63 3DA 

68