Quarterlytics / Communication Services / Advertising Agencies / Tremor

Tremor

trmr · LSE Communication Services
Claim this profile
Ticker trmr
Exchange LSE
Sector Communication Services
Industry Advertising Agencies
Employees 501-1000
← All annual reports
FY2023 Annual Report · Tremor
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
Nexxen International Ltd
Annual Report 2023

One platform.
Endless opportunities.

Nexxen operates in the rapidly-
growing digital advertising industry 
with significant exposure to video 
advertising; one of the most engaging 
and fastest-growing formats

STRATEGIC REPORT
01   Nexxen Today
02    Chairperson’s Statement
04   Our Markets
06   Chief Executive Officer’s Review
10   Successful Integration – Amobee
11  
12   Chief Financial Officer’s Review

 Growing Opportunities – Investment in VIDAA

GOVERNANCE
16  Board of Directors
18  Corporate Governance Report
21  The Board and the Committees
26  Takeovers & Mergers
28  Directors’ Report
33  Compensation Report

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
36  Financial Statements
39   Auditors’ Report to the Shareholders of Nexxen 

International Ltd.

40   Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
41    Consolidated Statements of Operation and 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

42    Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
43   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
44   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
66  Directors, Secretary & Advisers

Our Mission
Our brands bring together an 
end-to-end platform to enable 
powerful partnerships and deliver 
results across the advertising 
ecosystem.

Nexxen Today

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

NEXXEN’S SIGNIFICANT DATA SCALE 
& CUSTOMER FOOTPRINT POSITIONS 
THE COMPANY FOR LONG-TERM 
MARKET SHARE GAINS

HIGHLIGHTS

>199 Billion

Daily ad requests

$314.2m

Contribution ex-TAC

~50mUS households for TV viewership data 

$299.0m

Programmatic Revenue 

~225,000

Active sites or apps where ads 
can be shown

>85%of campaigns data-enabled

>1,000

Advertiser & agency customers

$207.5m

Video Revenue

$85.5m

CTV Revenue

$83.2m

Adjusted EBITDA

26%Adjusted EBITDA margin as

a % of Contribution ex-TAC

In-house data platform

Significant audience 
segment data

Substantial customer 
footprint and access to 
1st party data

Strong third-party data 
provider relationships

Nexxen Discovery

Robust retargeting 
capabilities

>1,600

Publishers

>65Third-Party data partners

29%CTV revenue as % of programmatic revenue

~39%of all campaigns using proprietary

Nexxen data

69%Video revenue as % programmatic revenue

334New actively-spending first-time 

advertisers customers added

372New supply partners added

ADVERTISERS
We enable advertisers
and agencies to 
leverage significant 
and powerful data to 
plan and activate video 
advertising campaigns
programmatically

PUBLISHERS
And we enable digital 
publishers to maximize 
ad inventory revenue 
programmatically

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

01

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Chairperson’s Statement

CHRISTOPHER STIBBS 
Non-Executive Chairperson

“ 2023 was a transformational year 
for the business in which we have 
created a strong platform for 
future growth, underpinned by 
the integration of Amobee and 
our subsequent rebranding from 
Tremor International to Nexxen.”

KEY STRENGTHS & 
DIFFERENTIATORS

Flexible unified end-to-end platform 
maximizes revenue and profitability 
opportunities

First-mover advantage for enabling 
linear TV and CTV cross-planning 
for advertisers, agencies, and 
broadcasters

“One-stop-shop” for customers 
fueled by robust, scaled, and 
unique data

Significant Video and CTV revenue 
footprint with strong growth runway

Significant Programmatic  
revenue footprint

Global ACR data exclusivity and ad 
monetization exclusivity (in U.S., U.K., 
Canada, and Australia) through 
investment in VIDAA

Veteran leadership team and Board

Proven track record of acquiring and 
successfully integrating companies

History of returning value to 
shareholders through share 
repurchase programs

Our business made considerable 
progress, both in evolving our product 
stack and in enhancing our global 
talent base through the recruitment of 
key personnel into the Group. Against a 
backdrop of geopolitical and macro-
economic pressures and a complex 
integration of Amobee, the business 
delivered Contribution ex-TAC of $314.2 
million and Adjusted EBITDA of $83.2 
million, whilst maintaining a healthy 
balance sheet. This resulted in a net 
cash position of $134.3 million at the 
period’s end. 

Our focus in 2023 was on making 
Nexxen a more adaptable business, 
preparing for the changing landscape 
we expect to see over the coming 
years. Customers are being forced  
to navigate changes in privacy and 
identity, as well as becoming more 
sophisticated in leveraging data. They 
are therefore seeking partners who  
can provide simplicity, expertise and 
flexibility, all of which we believe Nexxen 
can now deliver. 

The acquisition and integration of 
Amobee was the latest step in creating 
a flexible, unified, data-driven platform 
and product suite focused on CTV and 
video. The completed integration made 
our tech ecosystem’s value proposition 
even stronger, and we now operate a 
self-service platform that can plan 

holistic TV campaigns, find and reach 
audiences wherever they consume 
media, have direct access to premium 
supply and exclusive data (including 
VIDAA’s global ACR data), and provide 
cost advantages for customers buying 
end-to-end. This functionality strongly 
differentiates us for major advertisers, 
agencies, and publishers, and we believe 
that our technology positions us well to 
attract new customers and increase 
spending and product adoption over 
time with our existing customers. 

In conjunction with this major integration, 
and as a broader strategic transition, 
we undertook a rebrand from Tremor 
International to Nexxen. This rebranding 
has enabled the business to create one 
complete and cohesive package for 
customers, united under a shared name. 
It has allowed us to unite our disparate 
brands, simplify the Company’s story 
and our product offering, and better 
highlight our unified data-driven 
end-to-end platform to customers.  
We believe that this move has better 
positioned Nexxen as a leader in the 
video, data, and CTV advertising 
ecosystems, and will ideally position 
the business to increase market share 
in the coming years through the ability 
to seamlessly package multiple solutions 
critical to helping customers meet and 
exceed their advertising goals.

In December 2023, Nexxen launched  
a new $20 million Ordinary share 
repurchase programme as part of  
our ongoing commitment to create 
long-term shareholder value and 
maintaining an efficient balance sheet. 
The Company recently received 
authorization to repurchase up to an 
additional $50 million of its Ordinary 
Shares.

Nexxen is now a truly global business, 
operating from several strategic 
locations around the world and 
employing roughly 900 staff. I would like 
to thank our global teams for all their 
hard work and commitment whilst we 
integrated Amobee, rebranded and 
navigated a challenging backdrop. 

While results throughout 2023 were 
impacted by difficult market conditions, 
we have created a solid foundation for 
the future of our business, and are 
strongly positioned for long-term growth 
and market share gains, and to emerge 
as true, future leaders in the video and 
TV ad tech arenas. 

CHRISTOPHER STIBBS
Non-Executive Chair

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

02

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

03

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Our Markets

Nexxen operates in the rapidly-
growing digital advertising industry 
with significant exposure to video 
advertising; one of the most engaging 
and fastest-growing formats

NEXXEN IS POSITIONED AT THE CENTER 
OF INDUSTRY GROWTH TRENDS

Linear converging
with CTV

Industry and customer
spend consolidation

Video is Driving and Outpacing Digital Advertising Growth

~66% 

of Nexxen’s 
contribution ex-TAC  
derived from  
video*

DIGITAL AD SPENDING – US
$ billions

DIGITAL AD SPENDING – 
WORLDWIDE
$ billions

VIDEO AD SPENDING – US
$ billions

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

410

372

338

303

269

4 YR. CAGR  
11%

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

911

833

754

677

603

4 YR. CAGR  
11%

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

157

139

123

108

4 YR. CAGR 15%

90

*Nexxen’s video revenue percentage reflects full year 2023 figure

Within Video Advertising, CTV is Growing at the Fastest Rate, Fueled 
by Linear TV Budgets Shifting Towards, and Converging with, Digital

~27% 

of Nexxen’s  
Contribution ex-TAC**  
is from CTV

DESKTOP / LAPTOP AD SPENDING – US
$ billions

MOBILE AD SPENDING – US
$ billions

CTV AD SPENDING – US
$ billions

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

95

88

81

75

69

4 YR. CAGR  
8%

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

275

248

224

199

176

4 YR. CAGR  
12%

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

41

37

33

29

4 YR. CAGR 14%

24

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Data for audience 
finding, targeting, 
measurement, and 
returns maximization

Supply path
optimization

Industry stats come from eMarketer data as of March 2024
**Nexxen’s CTV percentage reflects full year 2023 figure

End-to-end
platforms

Content and data
exclusivity creating
differentiation

Continued growth 
within CTV / video /
programmatic / AVOD

Nexxen’s TV-focused tech and data 
stack positions it for accelerated 
future CTV growth

~48% 

of total US TV ad 
spending is projected  
to be allocated to  
CTV by 2027

~39% 

of total US TV 
ad spending is 
projected to be 
allocated to 
CTV

2027

2026

2025

2024

2023

41

37

33

29

24

45

50

51

59

59

86

87

84

88

83

~29% 

of total US  
TV ad spending  
is allocated  
to CTV

04

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

05

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Chief Executive Officer’s Review

OFER DRUKER 
Chief Executive Officer

“ Now that the foundations have 
been firmly laid, we remain 
confident that we are very well-
placed to generate Contribution 
ex-TAC growth, significantly 
improve profitability, achieve 
outsized long-term market share 
gains, and position ourselves as 
true leaders in the video and TV 
ad tech space.”

INTRODUCTION
2023 was a transformative year, 
characterised by significantly advancing 
and enhancing our technology and 
product stack, as well as rebranding the 
Company to Nexxen. The tech and 
product enhancements were achieved 
mainly by successfully completing the 
integration of our largest acquisition to 
date, along with bolstering our talent 
base with industry veterans and Ad Tech 
experts. All of these critical operational 
successes were achieved despite the 
challenging macroeconomic backdrop, 
highlighting the resiliency and 
advantages of our diverse operating 
model. 

In the year-ended 31 December 2023, 
the Company generated Contribution 
ex-TAC of $314.2 million, reflecting a  
1% increase compared to the prior  
year (2022: $309.7 million), whilst our 
programmatic revenue grew by 9%  
to $299.0 million (2022: $274.4 million). 
Adjusted EBITDA stood at $83.2 million 
for the year ended 31 December 2023 
(2022: $144.9 million). The Company 
attributes this year-on-year decrease in 
Adjusted EBITDA to the dual challenges 
of strategically integrating Amobee –  
a business that initially generated 
significant losses and whose business 
lines operate at a lower profitability 
profile than the standalone pre-
acquisition Nexxen business – and 
navigating an advertising market 
impacted by industry headwinds. With 
these hurdles overcome, we expect to 
be able to shift our primary investment 
focus towards innovation and our share 
repurchase program to generate 
long-term value for our customers and 
shareholders.

Despite these challenges, significant 
progress was made in executing our 
strategic vision to combine Nexxen’s 
and Amobee’s data-driven and highly 
synergistic platforms, successfully 
rebranding to Nexxen to simplify and 
enhance the holistic value proposition 
of the Company’s advanced technology 
offering, and expanding our CTV 
partnership roster. Much of 2023’s focus 
had been on installing the engines for 
future growth. Now that the foundations 
have been firmly laid, we remain 
confident that we are very well-placed 
to generate Contribution ex-TAC growth, 
significantly improve profitability, achieve 
outsized long-term market share gains, 
and position ourselves as true leaders 
in the video and TV ad tech space.

OPERATIONAL REVIEW
Successfully Completed the Integration 
of Amobee
2023 saw Nexxen fully integrate 
Amobee, the largest acquisition in the 
Company’s history, into its service 
offering. This integration, which was 
completed in mid-2023, resulted in one 
of the most comprehensive, unified 
data-driven CTV and video-focused 
AdTech platforms on the open internet, 
purpose-built to help customers on 
both sides of the ecosystem exceed 
their digital advertising goals and KPIs.

We already see positive upside 
following this successful integration. In 
Q1 2023, we made the strategic decision 
to migrate Tremor Video’s CTV and 
video algorithms and capabilities to the 
Amobee DSP, now referred to as Nexxen 
DSP, which greatly enhanced our 
self-service capabilities and positions 
us strongly to grow our client share 
amongst the world’s largest advertisers 
and agencies. The Nexxen Discovery 
Platform, gained through the Amobee 
acquisition and integration, has 
become an important component in our 
‘cookie deprecation strategy’ while 
serving as a data-fueled B.I. tool that 
leverages content consumption data 
from across the internet, social media, 
and TV, significantly enhancing audience 
knowledge for better targeting and 
reach extension. This product is already 
generating considerable interest 
amongst political advertisers and 
agencies ahead of the 2024 U.S. 
election cycle.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Looking ahead, we believe our unified 
technology offering leaves us well-
placed to showcase a strong 
competitive advantage and serves as  
a key differentiator for our business  
with major advertisers, agencies, CTV 
players, and broadcasters, while giving 
us enhanced confidence in our ability 
to accelerate Contribution ex-TAC growth, 
CTV market share gains, and profitability 
in the coming year and beyond.

Rebranded to Nexxen
The momentum generated from the 
integration of Amobee was further 
bolstered by the strategic rebranding  
of the Company’s major products and 
platforms to Nexxen. The new unified 
brand name and identity encompass 
all the Company’s key strategic growth 
pillars, namely our DSP, SSP and data 
management platforms. Nexxen 
embodies our vision for a robust and 
flexible end-to-end platform that can 
be tailored specifically to meet our 
partners’ diverse needs by enabling 
effective data-driven video campaigns 
across all screens, with a specialization 
in CTV. We were pleased to achieve this 
milestone in tandem with the integration 
of Amobee. This consolidation of the 
brand portfolio better positions the 
Company, with significantly added 
scale and a simplified value proposition, 
to hold a leadership position in the 
future CTV advertising arena. 

Looking ahead, we believe that our 
cohesive video and CTV-focused 
platform will stand us in good stead to 
drive superior ROI outcomes through 
advanced audience discovery and 
planning tools with cross-platform 
capabilities that ensure incremental 
reach in converged linear and CTV, 
unique and exclusive data sets 
including ACR, and powerful, dynamic 
data-driven creative. 

>1,000

Active corporate  
& agency  
customers*

>1,600Active 

publishers*

*As of 12/31/2023

NEXXEN WELL-POSITIONED 
FOR LEADERSHIP AND 
MARKET SHARE GAINS IN 
THE VIDEO AND CTV 
ADVERTISING ECOSYSTEMS

~66% of Contribution  
ex-TAC from Video*

~27% of Contribution  
ex-TAC from CTV*

~90% of Revenue from
Programmatic Activities*

First-to-Market Cross-Platform 
Planner (Linear TV & CTV)

Significant data including 
exclusive global access to 
VIDAA’s ACR data

End-to-end platform  
benefits and robust CTV  
OEM relationships attractive  
to TV advertising customers

*Data as of full year 2023

06

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

07

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Chief Executive Officer’s Review
continued

2024 PRODUCT
FOCUSES & STRATEGY

SELF-SERVICE ENTERPRISE
Enhancing and expanding 
self-service enterprise capabilities

INNOVATION
Leveraging A.I. and machine 
learning to speed up development 
times and enhance audience and 
activation tools

PRODUCTS / TECH / DATA
Continuous focus on enhancing
products, tech capabilities, and
data footprint to improve our
customers’ results

ACR DATA MONETIZATION
Enhancing ACR data capabilities 
to expand ACR data monetization

Expanded CTV Partnerships and 
Offerings Despite Challenging Year for 
CTV Advertising 
Nexxen’s CTV revenue was $85.5 million 
in 2023, reflecting a 12% decrease from 
the previous year (2022: $97.2 million). 
CTV revenue was impacted by a 
combination of factors, including the 
SAG-AFTRA strike, reduced budgets and 
CTV spending from some of the 
Company’s largest small- and mid-sized 
agency customers. The Company’s 
largest small- and mid-sized agency 
customers encouragingly continued to 
spend within Nexxen’s broad suite of 
platform offerings despite challenging 
market conditions, but opted for 
lower-cost solutions such as mobile 
video, audio, and display to maximize 
audience reach at a lower price point.

In spite of these conditions, the Company 
retained the overwhelming majority of 
its major customer base and actively 
scaled and expanded its CTV partnership 
roster, and in doing so, established 
relationships with more of the world’s 
major smart TV OEMs. In May, we 
partnered with TCL FFALCON (“TCL”). The 
partnership granted customers direct 
access to TCL’s innovative ad units on 
premium CTV/OTT inventory in the TCL 
Channel, providing them with the 
opportunity to deliver highly impactful 
ads to receptive audiences across the 
globe. We have since expanded this 
partnership (in 2024) to also exclusively 
sell TCL’s native display inventory as a 
preferred supply partner, enabling 
Nexxen to offer customers expanded 
reach across a significant number of TV 
screens with flexibility across formats to 
enhance advertising outcomes. 

In addition, in May, Nexxen created a 
first-to-market Green Media Product for 
CTV via a global partnership with 
Scope3. The partnership enables 
Scope3’s carbon emission 
measurement methodology to be 
applied to CTV inventory with buyers 
able to access GMP curated deals 
through the Nexxen SSP to achieve 
performance goals while mapping and 
measuring carbon emissions of their 
media spend within CTV. This has 
generated significant interest from, and 
adoption by, agencies, as sustainability 
has become an increasingly core focus 
for agencies and their customers.

The company built on the momentum 
gained by the partnerships in May  
and, in August, we partnered with 
Lumen and TVision to deliver the first 
omnichannel Attention Measurement 
solution for advertisers across CTV, 
online video, and display. This 
partnership augments the launch of 
Nexxen’s full Attention Measurement 
offering, which spans the lifecycle of an 
advertiser’s campaign, from creative 
testing to media curation to real-time 
measurement and optimization, all 
through Nexxen’s end-to-end platform. 
By leveraging all elements of the 
offering, advertisers can plan against, 
activate on, and optimize for consumer 
attention across screens, including CTV.

In November, we expanded the 
Company’s international CTV growth 
opportunity through the launch of TV 
Viewership Audiences across the United 
Kingdom, as well as the expansion of its 
broader TV Intelligence offering in the 
United States – a suite of targeting, 
planning and measurement capabilities 
rooted in contextual and exclusive 
automatic content recognition data. Both 
the launch and expansion are the result 
of the consolidation and integration of 
TV targeting and measurement solutions 
into the Company’s Data platform and 
DSP. We saw notable and increased 
adoption during Q4 2023, and we 
anticipate further growth in both 
markets in 2024.

As we look ahead, Nexxen maintains its 
belief that CTV will be a crucial 
component in helping the Company 
capture a greater portion of market 
share in the years ahead, especially 
when considering the Company’s 
exposure to CTV and its differentiators 
for customers. We believe that we will 
achieve CTV revenue growth in 2024 
amidst optimism that macroeconomic 
conditions will improve, our larger 
customers’ budgets and spending will 
increase, and that customers will seek 
our premium, differentiated suite of  
CTV solutions.

Cross-Platform Planner and ACR 
Adoption 
In August, we announced a partnership 
with H/L, a renowned multiservice and 
independent agency that’s been 
making momentum for local, regional 
and national marketers for nearly 40 
years. As the digital and linear worlds 
converge, we look forward to continuing 
to work with H/L, and in turn, unleash a 
consolidated, cross-channel approach 
that drives superior outcomes for 
advertisers on a local level.

VIDAA and Hisense
Following our $25 million investment in 
VIDAA in 2022, we were also pleased to 
report that VIDAA – whose global ACR 
data can be monetized and distributed 
exclusively by Nexxen through at least 
the end of 2026 – grew its reach to over 
25 million Connected TVs during 2023, 
expanding and enhancing Nexxen’s TV 
viewership data footprint. We believe 
that we have created a powerful 
partnership with the fastest growing 
global CTV operating system, and one 
of the largest and fastest growing 
smart TV OEM brands. We look forward 
to reviewing the platform’s ongoing 
development in due course.

Share Repurchase Program
On December 20, 2023, Nexxen 
launched a new $20 million Ordinary 
share repurchase program, following 
approval from the Israeli Court and the 
Company’s Board of Directors. During 
Q4, the Company repurchased 221,506 
shares at an average price of 201.01 
pence, reflecting a total investment of 
£446,139, or $565,714. In March 2024, we 
also announced a further share 
repurchase program to purchase an 
additional $50 million Ordinary shares, 
which launched in May 2024. We are 
committed to maintaining an efficient 
balance sheet and therefore seek to 
return excess capital, not required for 
other business priorities, to our 
shareholders, particularly whilst  
shares trade at what we believe to  
be a considerable discount to fair 
market value. 

Business Wins
We were delighted to report that the 
Company maintained its strong 
business momentum throughout 2023 
following the integration of Amobee, 
despite broader market challenges. We 
added a significant number of new 
customers on the buy- and sell-sides of 
the ecosystem, while retaining the vast 
majority of the Company’s highest-
spending customers throughout 2023. 

Across the year, Nexxen DSP generated 
a significant level of customer adoption. 
We were delighted to report that 334 
new actively-spending first-time 

advertiser customers selected Nexxen’s 
DSP platform for finding audiences, 
targeting, and measurement, as well as 
planning and activating campaigns 
across the digital advertising 
ecosystem. Pleasingly, our DSP solution 
has been shown to have cross-sector 
appeal, with uptake ranging across a 
diverse mix of industries, such as 
entertainment, food and beverage, 
automotive, and financial industries, 
demonstrating our cross-sector appeal. 
Simultaneously, Nexxen SSP added 372 
new supply partners during 2023. 

Looking forward, we are focused on 
continuing to diversify our customer 
base while enhancing our product 
offering to ensure we remain the go-to 
name for advertisers, agencies, CTV 
media companies, and broadcasters in 
the digital advertising industry

Growth Strategy
Nexxen’s robust performance across 
2023 was reinforced by our ability to 
withstand macroeconomic headwinds 
which stifled budgets and reduced 
advertising spending across the 
industry, particularly in managed 
service campaigns. Nevertheless, we 
continue to have confidence in our 
long-term strategic vision and remain 
cautiously optimistic that 
macroeconomic conditions will 
improve in 2024 and, as a result, drive 
greater demand for CTV advertising.

To meet this demand, Nexxen will 
continue to focus on enhancing and 
expanding our technological 
capabilities mainly around self-service 
enterprise capabilities to increase the 
attractiveness of our platform and 
therefore enhance the experience for 
our customers. We already believe we 
possess a strong offering in the 
marketplace, which can provide robust 
solutions to the major industry trends, 
and in some cases we offer a unique 
and advanced solution that 
differentiate us in the market, mainly 
around TV data capabilities. As we 
close the chapter on the Amobee 
integration, we can now direct more 
resources to R&D and product 

innovation to help cement our position 
as a household name in a rapidly 
expanding market. In parallel, we are 
confident that our sales teams are 
poised to help drive new business 
development opportunities and, in turn, 
expand our operational footprint. We 
are confident that our technology and 
data stack now offer the necessary 
components to enable market share 
gains within the digital advertising 
realm without the need for additional 
M&A anytime soon.

Summary and Outlook
In closing, 2023 proved to be a year of 
intense operational activity for Nexxen, 
culminating in the dual milestones of 
integrating Amobee and successfully 
consolidating our brand portfolio under 
one name. With these milestones 
achieved, we believe that the Company 
will now be entering an exciting phase 
of growth which will help reinforce 
Nexxen’s status at the forefront of the 
digital advertising arena.

Looking ahead to 2024, we will continue 
to focus on expanding our base of 
end-to-end customers, leveraging us 
for multiple enterprise tech and data 
solutions, growing our data licensing 
revenue, and expanding our major 
streaming, TV, and agency partnerships 
to drive growth and increased 
profitability. We continue to view the 
macroeconomic backdrop in which we 
operate with cautious optimism, hoping 
that the signs of improvement continue 
and reverse headwinds into tailwinds.

On behalf of Nexxen management, I 
would like to thank everyone at the 
Company for their hard work and 
unrelenting commitment during 2023, 
which, as previously stated, was a year 
not without challenges. The significant 
operational progress that was achieved 
during 2023 has provided Nexxen with a 
solid foundation to further strengthen 
its position across the digital advertising 
market in 2024 and beyond.

OFER DRUKER
Chief Executive Officer

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

NEXXEN STRONGLY POSITIONED FOR ACCELERATED GROWTH IN 2024 AND BEYOND

Completed integration of Amobee — 
enhancing platform’s self-service DSP and 
TV planning capabilities while growing U.S. 
and international customer base

Rebranded to Nexxen — better positioning 
Company with customers and investors

Created and unified one of the most 
advanced and data rich platforms in ad  
tech — a byproduct of ~$1 billion in total  
R&D investment

Expanded and enhanced CTV and data 
partnership roster — partnering with the 
major CTV OEMs

Diversified into new data licensing and  
other revenue streams — expected to
further scale in 2024

Achievements in 2023 strongly position Company 
to “land and expand” with customers, grow 
Contribution ex-TAC and market share, expand 
profitability, and fuel investment in innovation 
and share repurchases in 2024

08

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

09

 
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Successful integration
Nexxen / Amobee

Growing opportunities
$25 Million Investment in VIDAA

Created one of the most 
tech-advanced and data 
rich platforms in Ad Tech

Significantly increased  
scale, demand, and 
customer base

Substantially enhanced 
enterprise self-service DSP 
capabilities and data assets

Added linear TV planning 
capabilities, enabling 
creation of cross-platform 
planning tech (linear & CTV)

Added Nexxen Discovery  
(data-fueled audience  
insights B.I. tool)

Opened major cross selling 
opportunities

•  Closed Acquisition in September 2022

• Largest Acquisition in Company’s History

• Completed Integration in Mid-2023

•  ~$65 Million Annualized Operating Cost Synergies Achieved

In 2022, Nexxen invested $25 Million 
in VIDAA, a CTV Operating System / 
Streaming Platform, and Subsidiary 
of Hisense

Through the investment, Nexxen 
gained:

• Equity Stake in VIDAA

•  Exclusive Global Access to VIDAA’s 
ACR Data for CTV Targeting and 
Measurement for Several Years

•  Ad Monetization Exclusivity on VIDAA 
Media in the U.S., U.K., Canada and 
Australia for Several Years

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

COMPLETED AMOBEE INTEGRATION MADE OUR PLATFORM’S ALREADY POWERFUL 
VALUE PROPOSITION EVEN STRONGER

VIDAA INVESTMENT ENABLING DIVERSIFICATION INTO DATA LICENSING REVENUE STREAMS, 
REFLECTING AN EXCITING GROWTH OPPORTUNITY

DSP

CROSS-PLATFORM PLANNER

NEXXEN DISCOVERY

TARGETING

RESEARCH & MEASUREMENT

DSP

Video / CTV  
Capabilities

Amobee’s DSP capabilities strengthened 
Nexxen DSP’s self-service capabilities 
and brought lower funnel performance 
tools necessary to bring performance-
related CTV products to market

Amobee acquisition brought linear 
planning capabilities to combine with 
Nexxen’s pre-existing CTV planning 
capabilities to create a first-to-market 
solution to holistically plan across 
linear TV and digital

Combines first-party audience data 
with web, social media and TV data to 
identify and target the right users at the 
right time while serving as an important 
component for Nexxen’s cookie 
deprecation preparedness strategy

Major DSPs 
for Segment 
Targeting

Major DSPs for 
Enterprise & 
Managed Sales

Pre-existing DSP and SSP revenue 
more vulnerable to shocks in 
advertising demand

License to 
Measurement
Companies

License to 
Industry
Research 
Companies

New data licensing revenue 
less vulnerable to advertising 
demand shocks

10 Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

11

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Chief Financial Officer’s Review

SAGI NIRI 
Chief Financial Officer

HISTORY OF SIGNIFICANT ADJUSTED 
EBITDA MARGINS AND STRONG 
ADJUSTED EBITDA MARGINS

“ We were able to achieve these key milestones 
while significantly enhancing our technology 
and data assets, launching critical new 
products and partnerships, and taking 
advantage of a discounted valuation 
opportunity in the market, repurchasing 
approximately 2% of shares outstanding to 
generate what we believe will be added 
long-term value for our shareholders.”

ADJUSTED EBITDA
$ millions

2023

83.2

2022

2021

2020

60.5

2019

60.4

144.9

161.2

ADJUSTED EBITDA MARGIN
As a % of contribution ex-TAC

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

26

33

37

47

53

Company historically possessed 
one of the highest Adjusted EBITDA 
margins in Ad Tech and expects 
to expand margins after realizing 
benefits from completed Amobee 
integration and as macro conditions 
improve.

With the combination of the successfully 
completed integration of Amobee and 
our rebranding to Nexxen, we are proud 
to report that 2023 has been a 
transformational year for the business, 
and one which has laid a strong 
foundation for future growth. The joint 
effect of these two major steps for the 
company strongly positions us to 
capture a larger share of video and TV 
advertising opportunities with the 
world’s largest advertisers, agencies, 
CTV companies, and broadcasters. 

We were able to achieve these key 
milestones while significantly enhancing 
our technology and data assets, 
launching critical new products and 
partnerships, and taking advantage of a 
discounted valuation opportunity in the 
market, repurchasing approximately 2% 
of shares outstanding to generate what 
we believe will be added long-term value 
for our shareholders. 

Impressively, the Company generated 
these successes while strengthening its 
balance sheet and remaining highly 
profitable and cash generative, despite 
a difficult market environment that 
continued to negatively impact 
advertising budgets and demand 
throughout the year. To this point, in 
2024, the Company has continued 
significantly strengthening its balance 
sheet through substantial debt 
repayment, and further increased its 
share repurchase authorisation. 

Adjusted EBITDA decreased by  
$61.7 million from $144.9 million for  
the year ended 31 December 2022  
to $83.2 million for the year ended  
31 December 2023. The decrease was 
attributable to a combination of factors, 
including challenging macroeconomic 
conditions that disproportionately 
impacted budgets and spending for our 
highest-spending small- and mid-sized 
agency customers, to whom we are 
heavily-indexed, as well as a shift by 
those customers and others towards  
our lower-cost programmatic solutions. 
Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended  
31 December 2023 was also challenged 
by the complex combination of Amobee’s 
and Nexxen’s talent bases, which required 
a significant amount of management 
and sales team focus, negatively 
impacting revenue, as well as the 
integration of Amobee’s business lines, 
which operate at a lower profitability 
profile than the pre-acquisition 
standalone Nexxen business

Revenue decreased by $3.3 million, or 
1.0%, to $332.0 million for the year ended 
31 December 2023, from $335.3 million 
for the year ended 31 December 2022. 
The decrease was largely driven by 
continued weakness in the macro-
economic environment related to a 
combination of factors including rising 
interest rates, rising inflation, geopolitical 
conflicts, and recession concerns, which 
caused uncertainty amongst advertisers, 
resulting in reduced budgets, spending, 
and demand. The Company experienced 
a $27.9 million reduction in revenue 
related to the Company’s non-core, 
non-programmatic business lines, which 
was partially offset by a $24.6 million 
increase in revenue related to the 
Company’s core business focused on 
programmatic activities.

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreci-
ation and amortization) increased by 
$1.5 million, or 2.5%, to $62.3 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2023,  
from $60.7 million for the year ended  
31 December 2022. The increase was 
primarily driven by a $9.4 million 
increase in costs associated with 
increased revenue from programmatic 
activities and offset by a $7.9 million 
decrease in costs associated with 
reduced revenue related to the  
Company’s non-core, non-programmatic 
business lines.

Gross profit margin decreased slightly 
to 81% for the year ended 31 December 
2023 (2022: 82%). This decrease was 
attributable to a combination of lower 
revenue and increased costs of revenues 
(exclusive of depreciation and 
amortization) year-over-year from 2022. 

Research and development expenses 
increased by $16.0 million, or 47.6%,  
to $49.7 million for the year ended  
31 December 2023, from $33.7 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2022. The 
increase in research and development 
costs was driven mainly by a $24.5 million 
increase in salaries and wages attribut-
able to increased headcount, to maintain 
and support further development of our 
platform, and a $1.6 million increase in 
expenses related to investment in 
research and development and 
engineering tools and services, offset  
by a $5.5 million increase related to 
investment in technology and product 
innovation capitalization and a  
$4.7 million decrease in share-based 
compensation expense.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

12

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

13

 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT

Chief Financial Officer’s Review
continued

Selling and marketing expenses 
increased by $16.0 million, or 17.7%, to 
$105.9 million for the year ended  
31 December 2023, from $90.0 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2022. The 
increase was largely attributable to a 
$21.5 million increase in salaries and 
wages related to increased headcount, 
and a $1.3 million increase in sales and 
marketing tools, sponsorship and events, 
and client-related expenses. This increase 
was partially offset by a $6.8 million 
decrease in share-based compensation 
expense.

General and administrative expenses 
decreased by $17.0 million, or 24.9%,  
to $51.1 million for the year ended  
31 December 2023, from $68.0 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2022. The 
decrease in general and administrative 
expenses was driven mainly by a  
$19.8 million decrease in share-based 
compensation expense, a $5.8 million 
decrease in costs associated with the 

acquisition of Amobee in 2022, and a 
$4.5 million decrease in professional 
service fees and expenses mainly due 
to director and officer liability insurance 
and legal expenses, which decreased 
largely due to legal reimbursement 
received during the year from Alphonso. 
This decrease was partially offset by a 
$7.5 million increase in allowance for 
expected credit losses; a $2.3 million 
increase in rent-associated expenses 
such as utilities, parking, insurance, and 
maintenance; a $2.9 million increase in 
salaries and wages associated with 
increased headcount; and a $0.4 million 
increase in general and administrative 
tools.

Depreciation and amortization 
expenses increased by $35.6 million, or 
83.3%, to $78.3 million for the year ended 
31 December 2023, from $42.7 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2022. The 
increase was primarily attributable to a 
combination of a $12.5 million increase 

in intellectual property amortization, an 
$8.7 million increase in amortization of 
old trademarks related to obtaining new 
trademarks in association with the 
Company’s rebranding to Nexxen, an 
$8.5 million increase in depreciation on 
servers and computers, a $4.7 million 
increase in depreciation on lease assets, 
a $3.1 million increase in customer 
relationship amortization and a  
$0.4 million increase in depreciation 
related to fixtures, leasehold improve-
ments. This increase was partially offset 
by a $2.0 million decrease related to 
amortization on unfavorable contracts 
associated with the acquisition of 
Amobee and a $0.3 million decrease in 
amortization of internally developed 
software.

As of 31 December 2023, our net cash* 
increased by 16%, from $115.5 million for 
the year ended 31 December 2022 to 
$134.3 million for the year ended 31 
December 2023. The increase was 

Adjusted EBITDA

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operation

Foreign currency translation for subsidiary sold reclassified to profit and loss

Taxes on income

Financial expense (income), net

Depreciation and amortization

Stock-based compensation

Other expenses

Restructuring

Acquisition-related cost

Year Ended December 31

2022
$’000

16,238

6,499

–

19,688

2,327

42,700

50,505

540

307

6,085

2023 
$’000

(18,127)

(2,126)

(1,234)

2,503

2,008

78,285

19,169

1,765

796

171

Adjusted EBITDA

144,889

83,210

Profit (loss) from operations

Revenues

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown 
separately below)

Research and development

Selling and marketing

General and administrative

Depreciation and amortization

Other expenses (income), net

Profit (loss) from operations

2022

2023

Year Ended December 31

As reported
$’000

 335,250

60,745

33,659

89,953

68,005

42,700

(4,564)

44,752

As a 
percentage 
of revenue

As reported 
$ ’000

As a 
percentage 
of revenue

100.0%

18.1

10.0

26.8

20.3

12.7

(1.4)

13.3

331,993

62,270

49,684

105,914

51,051

78,285

1,765

100.0%

18.8

15.0

31.9

15.4

23.6

0.5

(16,976)

(5.1)

primarily driven by the $60.7 million net 
cash provided by operating activities. 
Net cash provided by operating activities 
was derived from our $21.5 million total 
comprehensive loss for the year, 
adjusted for non-cash adjustments of 
$103.5 million, including depreciation 
and amortization of $78.3 million, share-
based compensation of $19.2 million, net 
finance expense of $1.7 million, loss on 
the sale of a business unit of $1.8 million, 
loss on leases of $0.1 million, and tax 
expense of $2.5 million. 

In addition, there was $21.3 million in 
cash used in operating activities, which 
included a $30.6 million decrease in 
accounts receivable, a $43.1 million 
decrease in accounts payable,  
$8.4 million paid in net income taxes 
and $0.5 million in net interest paid, 
including $8.5 million in interest paid, 
offset by $8.0 million in interest received. 
The overall increase in net cash was 
partially offset by net cash used in 
financing and investing activities. Net 
cash used in financing activities was 
$26.5 million for the year ended  

31 December 2023, which was derived 
from $17.3 million related to lease 
repayment and $9.5 million related to 
the acquisition of the Company’s own 
shares, partially offset by $0.2 million 
related to proceeds from the exercise of 
share options. Net cash used in investing 
activities was $17.0 million for the year 
ended 31 December 2023, which was 
derived from $15.1 million related to the 
acquisition and capitalization of 
intangible assets, $4.5 million related to 
the acquisition of fixed assets, partially 
offset by $1.5 million in pledged deposits, 
$1.1 million in lease payment receipts, 
and $0.05 million in repayments from a 
loan to a third party. 

In addition to the $134.3 million net cash 
balance as of 31 December 2023, the 
Company also had $80 million undrawn 
on its Revolving Credit Facility which can 
be utilized for general corporate purposes, 
or other purposes not prohibited under 
the Company’s Credit Agreement, 
including potential future strategic 
investments and initiatives. On 9 April 
2024, the Company repaid its 

outstanding indebtedness under the 
secured Term Loan A, and the 
outstanding amount under the 
Revolving Credit Facility (together  
the “Credit Agreement”), entered on  
12 September 2022. The Company’s 
payment to the Lenders under the Credit 
Agreement was approximately $100 
million, which satisfied all of the 
Company’s debt obligations under the 
Term A Secured Loan, in the amount of 
$90 million, and the previously drawn 
down amount of approximately $10 
million under the Revolving Credit 
Facility. The Company did not incur any 
early termination penalties as a result  
of the repayment of indebtedness. 
Following the Company’s repayment, it 
now has $0 long-term debt and $90 
million undrawn on its Revolving Credit 
Facility, which remains available for use. 

SAGI NIRI
Chief Financial Officer 

.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

*  Net cash is defined as cash and cash equivalents 
less short and long-term interest-bearing debt 
including capital leases

 Full year 2023 results include the combined financial 
performance of Nexxen and Amobee while full year 
2022 results include Amobee only from 12 September 
2022 through 31 December 2022

14

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

15

 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

Board of Directors

CHRISTOPHER STIBBS
Non-Executive Chairperson

OFER DRUKER
Chief Executive Officer

SAGI NIRI
Chief Financial Officer

YANIV CARMI
Chief Operating Officer

Ofer Druker has served as our 
Chief Executive Officer and  
as a member of our board of 
directors since April 2019 
following the completion of the 
merger with RhythmOne, a 
digital advertising technology 
company. From November 2017 
to April 2019, Mr. Druker served as 
our Executive Chairperson of the 
Tremor Video division and was 
instrumental in our successful 
integration of Tremor Video 
after its acquisition in August 
2017. Previously, Mr. Druker was 
the founder and Chief Executive 
Officer of Matomy Media Group 
Ltd. (LSA:MTMY), a data-driven 
advertising company (“Matomy”) 
until April 2017, having built 
Matomy from its inception in 2007 
into a digital media company. 
Mr. Druker was responsible for 
leading and integrating 
Matomy’s most important 
strategic transactions, including 
the acquisitions of Team 
Internet, Media Whiz, Mobfox 
and Optimatic.

Sagi Niri has served as our Chief 
Financial Officer since March 
2020 and as a member of our 
board of directors since June 
2020. Mr. Niri has over 20 years 
of experience in finance and 
leadership roles in the 
technology and real estate 
sectors. Mr. Niri previously 
served as Chief Executive 
Officer of Labs (“Labs”), and 
Chief Financial Officer of 
LabTech Investments Ltd., Labs’ 
parent company, which owns 
and manages office, retail and 
residential real estate in London. 
In addition, Mr. Niri spent over 
nine years at Matomy, initially 
as Chief Operating Officer/
Chief Financial Officer and 
more recently as Chief Executive 
Officer. Mr. Niri is a member of 
the Institute of Certified Public 
Accountants in Israel and holds 
an M.B.A. in Finance from 
Manchester University and a B.A. 
in Corporate Finance from the 
College of Management in Israel.

Yaniv Carmi has served as our 
Chief Operating Officer since 
March 2020 and as a member 
of our board of directors since 
2014. Mr. Carmi previously served 
as our Chief Financial Officer 
from January 2010 to March 2020. 
He is currently responsible for the 
delivery of our business plan and 
driving our growth ambitions. 
Mr. Carmi was instrumental in 
our initial public offering of our 
ordinary shares on AIM in 2014 
and in the subsequent global 
expansion in operations, 
including significant M&A 
activity. He is an experienced 
finance professional, whose 
previous roles include tax and 
audit senior at KPMG Israel. Mr. 
Carmi is also a Certified Public 
Accountant and holds a B.A. in 
Economics and Accounting from 
Ben-Gurion University and an 
M.B.A. in Financial Management 
from Tel Aviv University. 

Christopher Stibbs has served 
as a member of our board of 
directors since May 2019 and as 
our Non-Executive Chairperson 
since September 2020. Mr. Stibbs 
has over 25 years of experience 
as an executive in the media 
industry. From July 2013 to August 
2019, he served as Chief Executive 
of The Economist Group Ltd. (the 
“Economist Group”), a media 
company. Previously, he held a 
number of roles within the group 
including head of the Economist 
Intelligence Unit (the group’s B2B 
arm) and Chief Financial Officer. 
He is credited with overseeing 
the Economist Group’s resilience 
and transition through the 
unprecedented disruption 
experienced by the publishing 
industry over the last 15 years. 
Prior to this, he held positions 
with Pearson (NYSE:PSO), a 
publishing company and 
Incisive Media, a B2B information 
and events company. Mr. Stibbs 
is a fellow of the Associations of 
Chartered Accountants and 
Corporate Treasurers and 
currently serves as a non-
executive director at Oxford 
University Press and serves as a 
Chairperson of Times Higher 
Education, IWSR Topco Limited 
and Sagacity Solutions Ltd.

NEIL JONES
Senior Non-Executive Director

JOANNA PARNELL
Non-Executive Director

LISA KLINGER
Non-Executive Director

DANIEL KERSTEIN
Non-Executive Director

Neil Jones has served as a 
member of our board of 
directors since 2014. Mr. Jones 
has spent most of his career in 
the media sector leading the 
Finance and M&A functions  
of UK listed businesses. He is 
currently Corporate 
Development Director of Inizio 
Group Limited, the international 
life science services company 
created from the merger of 
UDG Healthcare plc and 
Huntsworth plc (“Huntsworth”) 
in August 2021. Prior to that he 
was Chief Operating Officer 
and Chief Financial Officer at 
Huntsworth plc from February 
2016. He joined Huntsworth plc 
from ITE Group plc, the 
international exhibitions group, 
where he held the position of 
Chief Financial Officer from 
2008. Between 2003 and 2008, 
Mr. Jones was Chief Financial 
Officer at Tarsus Group plc, an 
international media company. 
Mr. Jones has a B.A. in Economics 
from the University of 
Manchester and completed  
his ACA in July 1990 with 
PricewaterhouseCoopers.  
Mr. Jones is also a non-executive 
Director of Sivota plc a UK listed 
special opportunities vehicle 
that invests in under-valued 
technology business. 

REBEKAH BROOKS
Non-Executive Director

Rebekah Brooks has served as a 
member of our board of 
directors since June 2020. Since 
2015, Ms. Brooks has been Chief 
Executive of British newspaper 
publisher News Corp UK & 
Ireland Limited, part of New News 
Corporation (NASDAQ:NWSA), a 
mass media and publishing 
company (“News Corp”), having 
first joined News Corp in 1989. 
Starting as a feature writer for 
the News of the World, Ms. Brooks 
became Editor of the Sun in 
2003, a position she held until 
July 2009. From 2009 to 2011, she 
served as Chief Executive of 
News International, overseeing 
a period of significant growth in 
newspaper operating profit and 
paid-for digital subscriptions at 
The Times. Following her 
appointment as Chief Executive 
of News Corp UK and Ireland, 
Ms. Brooks restructured the 
Sun’s online strategy, driving 
significant audience growth. In 
2016, she also oversaw the 
strategic acquisition of 
Wireless, the owner of national 
radio brands talkSPORT, 
talkRADIO and Virgin Radio. 
 Ms. Brooks is a Director of News 
Group Newspapers and Times 
Newspapers, and a Non-
Executive Director of PA Group, 
the parent company of the 
Press Association.

Joanna Parnell has served as a 
member of our board of 
directors since 2014. Ms. Parnell 
is the Co-Founder of strategic 
marketing consultancy 
Project50, designing commercial 
growth strategies for C-suite 
business leaders in the United 
Kingdom and the United States. 
Previously, Ms. Parnell was 
Managing Partner at 
Wavemaker (formerly MEC), one 
of the world’s leading media 
agency networks and owned 
by WPP plc, where she led the 
paid digital and data team, 
overseeing the agency’s focus 
on data driven campaigns. Prior 
to moving to Wavemaker in 
March 2016, Ms. Parnell was 
Director of Strategy and sat on 
the management team at 
Unique Digital, a digital marketing 
agency (now a WPP plc 
company), with responsibility 
for setting product and business 
strategy, including leading the 
multichannel planning strategy 
(cross-device and cross-
platform), managing product 
heads and driving key initiatives 
across data buying, attribution 
modelling and biddable media 
adaptation. Ms. Parnell has a 
Masters in German and 
Business from the University of 
Edinburgh and studied at the 
London School of Marketing 
between 2005 and 2006.

NORM JOHNSTON
Non-Executive Director

Norm Johnston has served  
as a member of our board of 
directors since June 2020.  
Mr. Johnston is a veteran 
employee of News Corp. Until 
recently, he was the Chief 
Executive Officer of Unruly, the 
digital advertising business we 
acquired in January 2020, a 
position he held from April 2018. 
Mr. Johnston has been involved 
in digital marketing since 
joining the marketing industry’s 
first digital agency, Modem 
Media in 1995. In 1997, Mr. 
Johnston launched Modem 
Media UK (“Modem”), one of 
Britain’s first and most 
successful digital agencies. 
After Modem was acquired by 
Publicis in 2007, Mr. Johnston 
joined WPP plc and GroupM’s 
media service company, 
Mindshare Media UK Limited, 
where he held a number of 
senior roles between 2007 and 
2018, including Global Chief 
Digital Officer and Global Chief 
Executive Officer of its FAST 
business unit, a team of over 
2,000 specialists in 115 cities 
working for global clients such 
as Unilever plc, Nestle S.A. and 
American Express Company.  
Mr. Johnston holds a B.A. in 
Economics and Political Science 
from Northwestern University 
and an M.B.A. in Marketing from 
Duke University’s Fuqua School  
of Business. 

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Lisa Klinger has served as a 
member of our Board of 
Directors since April 2021. Ms. 
Klinger has nearly 30 years of 
experience in international 
finance. Most recently, between 
2018 and 2019, Ms. Klinger served 
as Chief Financial Officer at 
Ideal Image Development 
Corp, an L Catterton portfolio 
company and the largest U.S. 
retail provider of nonsurgical 
cosmetic and aesthetic 
procedures. Prior to that, 
between 2016 and 2017, she 
held the role of Chief Financial 
and Administrative Officer at 
Peloton Interactive Inc., 
(NASDAQ:PTON), the leading 
connected fitness platform.  
Ms. Klinger’s previous Chief 
Financial Officer roles include 
Vince Holding Corp. (NYSE:VNCE), 
a fashion apparel company 
and The Fresh Market, Inc., a 
specialty food retailer. At both 
companies, Ms. Klinger led 
go-public processes and 
subsequently served on the 
Executive Leadership team of 
the public entities. Ms. Klinger 
also held senior finance roles at 
Limited Brands and at Michael’s 
Stores, Inc. where she was 
Senior Vice President, Finance 
and Treasurer, and Acting Chief 
Financial Officer. She currently 
serves on the Board of Directors 
and as Audit Committee Chair 
of Emerald Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: 
EEX), a leading U.S. business-to-
business platform producer of 
trade shows, events, 
conferences, marketing, and 
B2B software solutions, since 
2018, and also serves on the 
Board of Directors and both  
the Audit Committee and 
Compensation Committee of 
The Container Store Group, Inc. 
(NYSE:TCS), the leading specialty 
retailer of storage, organization 
products, custom closets and 
in-home services in North 
America. Ms. Klinger also served 
on the Board of Directors and 
Audit Committee of Party City 
Holdco, Inc. (NYSE: PRTY), a 
vertically integrated party 
goods supplier and retailer 
from 2015 to 2021. Ms. Klinger 
holds a B.S.B.A. in Finance from 
Bowling Green State University. 

Daniel Kerstein has served as  
a member of our board of 
directors since December 2023. 
Currently, Mr. Kerstein holds the 
position of Managing Director, 
M&A, Head of Structuring 
Solutions and Shareholder 
Advisory at TD Securities. From 
2011 through 2023, Mr. Kerstein 
held the position of Managing 
Director, M&A and Global Head 
of Activist Defense and ESG 
Advisory at Barclays, where he 
managed a global team of 
bankers focused on activist-
shareholder defense and ESG 
advisory. From 2007 through 
2011, Mr. Kerstein held the position 
of Managing Director, Global 
Finance at Barclays and Lehman 
Brothers where he led a team 
of structuring experts, lawyers 
and accountants, applying 
accounting, tax, regulatory and 
general financial expertise to 
address changing market and 
regulatory environments to 
create innovative financial 
products and strategic 
alternatives focused on 
maximizing corporate and 
shareholder value and 
improving company returns.  
Mr. Kerstein joined Lehman 
Brothers in 2003 from Merrill 
Lynch. From 1997 through 2003, 
Mr. Kerstein held the position 
Vice President, Corporate 
Finance Investment Banking at 
Merrill Lynch. Mr. Kerstein holds 
a B.A. from CUNY, Queens 
College and a J.D. from Harvard 
Law School.

RHYS SUMMERTON
Non-Executive Director

Rhys Summerton has served as 
a member of our board of 
directors since December 2023. 
From 2014 through the present, 
Mr. Summerton holds the 
position of Fund Manager and 
Investor at Milkwood Capital, a 
long-term, value-oriented, 
global investment company. 
During this time, Mr. Summerton 
has successfully promoted the 
value realization of a number of 
investments through efficient 
capital allocation and decision 
making. From 2009 to 2013,  
Mr. Summerton held the 
position of Managing Director 
and Global Head of Emerging 
Market Equity Research at 
Citigroup, managing the 
number 1 ranked research 
franchise. Prior to that, Mr. 
Summerton was a telecoms 
and media analyst at Citigroup 
and Cazenove. Mr. Summerton 
is a Chartered Accountant, 
through Ernst & Young.

16

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

17

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Corporate Governance Report

The Board is responsible to shareholders for the effective 
direction and control of the Company, with the aim of 
generating long-term success for Nexxen. This report 
describes the framework for corporate governance and 
internal controls that the directors have established to 
enable them to carry out this responsibility.

The directors recognise the importance of high standards of 
corporate governance and have chosen to adopt the Quoted 
Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (the “QCA 
Code”) as the basis of the Company’s governance framework. 
This is in line with the London Stock Exchange’s AIM Rules 
requiring all AIM-listed companies to adopt and comply with 
a recognised corporate governance code. As an Israeli 
company, the Company also complies with the corporate 
governance provisions of Israel’s Companies Law, 5759-1999 
(the “Companies Law”), and the City Code on Takeovers and 
Mergers does not apply to the Company. In addition, the 
Company is subject to the corporate governance rules of the 
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and 
Nasdaq as described in the Company’s filings with the SEC.

The Board believes that good corporate governance reduces 
risks within the business, promotes confidence and trust 
amongst its stakeholders and is an important part of the 
effectiveness and efficiency of the Company’s management 
framework. 

The QCA Code includes ten broad principles that the Board 
strives to implement in order to deliver on its responsibilities  
to the Company’s shareholders. The table below references 
how the Board complies with the principles of the QCA Code.  
The QCA Code can be found on the QCA’s website:  
www.theqca.com.

DELIVER GROWTH

1.  Establish a purpose, strategy and business model which 

promotes long-term value for shareholders

Nexxen consistently reiterates its growth strategy in both its 
communications, which include RNS, filings with the SEC, 
presentations to stakeholders, and its financial results 
statements. 

We believe that programmatic advertising is still an under 
penetrated market that will experience robust growth over 
the next decade as ad budgets continue to shift to digital 
and as digital continues to shift towards programmatic 
execution. Our corporate purpose and intent is to capitalize 
on these secular trends by pursuing growth opportunities 
that include: 

• Focus on Core Areas of Growth in Video and CTV
CTV is one of the fastest growth formats within digital 
advertising, and this trend is expected to continue over the 
next several years according to eMarketer. In the United 
States, CTV ad spend is expected to grow at a CAGR of 
approximately 15% from 2023 to 2027, and Video is expected 
to grow at a CAGR of approximately 16%, reaching roughly 
$156.9 billion by 2027. Digital video and CTV comprise 
approximately 69% of our revenue without performance 
activity for the year ended December 31, 2023, and are core 
focuses for us. We plan to leverage our existing expertise in 
Video and CTV to increase our market share and introduce 
new technologies and solutions.

• Introduce New Products and Invest in our Technology Stack
As we grow our market share and add new customers, we 
continue to invest in our technology stack and develop new 
innovative products. We are continuously trying to introduce 
new innovative solutions and products to the rapidly evolving 
digital advertising market. Some potential areas of growth 
and investment include enhancing our proprietary data sets, 
enhancing our CTV solution capabilities and marketplace, 
enhancing our audience targeting capabilities, expanding 
our alternative identifier solutions and enhancing our global 
platform coverage capabilities.

We are providing customers with creative alternatives to plan 
and execute their campaigns, giving them complimentary 
scale and opportunities to enhance current audience targeting 
strategies. For example, we offer, and will continue to enhance, 
contextual targeting solutions from content data collected 
via our publisher partnerships as well as third-party solutions 
integrated into our ecosystem.

There is market movement away from cookie-based tracking 
which has created an increase in demand for alternative 
solutions. We have partnerships, and are integrating, with major 
alternative identifier solutions such as Identity Link and Unified 
ID 2.0. We are committed to helping define and support new 
privacy requirements and identifier mechanisms as industry 
standards evolve. We believe that not everyone in the industry 
will adopt a single solution alternative to cookie-based 
tracking and we are building our platform to support various 
identifier solutions.

• Strengthen Our Relationship with Existing Customers
We are constantly improving functionality on our platform to 
attract new customers and encourage our existing customer 
base to allocate more of their ad spend and ad inventory to 
our platform. We believe as programmatic gains more 
widespread adoption and as brands and publishers continue 
to focus on Video and CTV, we are well-positioned to increase 
our customer base and generate additional revenue from 
existing customers.

•  Expand Our International Footprint and United States 

Market Share

We continue to acquire new publishers and advertisers 
globally and invest in expanding our global footprint, 
providing significant global demand and supply of digital ad 
impressions across all channels and formats. We will 
continue to invest in third-party integrations, maintaining 
and enhancing our platform’s flexibility. We are leveraging 
our existing technology stack to provide innovative solutions 
to new and existing customers regardless of location or 
platform. We consistently innovate and develop new tools 
and products that enable our customers to maximize their 
benefit from using our platform and services.

• Continue to Bolster our Data Capabilities
We leverage real-time data, artificial intelligence and 
machine learning capabilities to synthesize, aggregate  
and contextualize vast amounts of data sets to help our 
advertisers and publishers optimize their digital ad spend/
inventory. Our DMP solution was architected to be flexible, 
which allows us to deliver impactful and unique insights that 
are agnostic to format or device type. By owning our own 
proprietary DMP solution, we are able to provide robust 
analytics, insights, and better segmentation on a global 
basis. We believe this gives us a large competitive 
advantage and enables higher ROI to our advertisers and 
optimal yield on digital inventory to our publishers.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

•  Leverage our Industry Expertise and Target Select 

Acquisitions 

We have been successful in past acquisitions and may  
direct our industry experience and focus to identify future 
complementary acquisitions to further broaden our scale 
and technology solutions. To the extent we identify attractive 
acquisition opportunities, we have the experience, leadership 
and track record to successfully execute strategic transactions 
and integrate acquired businesses into our platform.

account their feedback in determining the recommended 
slate of directors, including two new directors, nominated by 
the Borad for election at the annual meeting.

Nexxen also seeks to meet the needs of shareholders on an 
ad hoc basis where necessary, such as with webcasts and 
separate presentations attended by analysts and private 
investors. 

2.  Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical 

values and behaviours

Nexxen’s ‘People & Culture’ programme is designed to 
preserve the culture of the Company. It includes “lecture of 
the month” which is used to present different private and 
public social initiatives that aim to encourage employee 
volunteering and social awareness. Nexxen also offers 
volunteering opportunities directly to its employees.

The Company has a ‘Leadership Programme’ that is 
designed to facilitate career progression while promoting 
leadership based on Nexxen’s core values and ethical 
behaviour. Similarly, the Company’s recruiting efforts and 
methods are based on the notion of being the culture’s gate 
keepers: aiming to recruit people who are a cultural fit and 
share a common ground of ethical values and behaviours.

The Company’s senior management team observes the 
culture of the Company in operation at the local business 
units (throughout its geographies) through visits and 
maintaining company culture is a matter discussed by the 
Board. The Board also maintains regular dialogue with 
company management outside of the executive directors to 
monitor the disposition of the broader employee-base and 
ensure the continuation of a healthy, growth-oriented culture.

3. Seek to understand and meet shareholder needs and 

expectations

Nexxen encourages dialogue with both its institutional and 
private retail shareholders, responding quickly and with 
transparency to all queries received. The Company provides 
the contact details for its IR advisers on its website. Nexxen 
also engages with investors via its UK broker Cavendish.

Ofer Druker, Nexxen’s CEO, Sagi Niri, Nexxen’s CFO, and William 
Eckert, Nexxen’s Vice President of IR, meet regularly with 
institutional investors, usually in relation to the issuance of 
financial results, and endeavour to accommodate all 
meeting requests from investors.

The Board recognises the AGM as an important opportunity 
to meet private shareholders. The directors – both non-
executive and executive – are typically also available to 
speak to shareholders informally immediately following the 
AGM. The Company’s executive directors hosted an investor 
presentation in November 2022 specifically to engage with 
the private investor community. 

Five of Nexxen’s eight non-executive directors are UK-based 
and available to meet with shareholders as requested. This 
includes the Non-Executive Chairman, who liaises regularly 
with shareholders (independent of management) and seeks 
to understand voting decisions/intentions where appropriate. 
The Chairman either directly, or indirectly through Nexxen’s 
brokers, regularly solicits feedback from the Company’s 
investors. The Chairman also receives questions from 
shareholders and looks to address them in a timely manner. 
Regular reports are provided to the Board on meetings with 
shareholders and any concerns are communicated. Leading 
up to our 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, members of 
our Board of Directors, including our Chairman, met frequently 
with shareholders about a variety of topics and took into 

4.  Take into account wider stakeholder interests, including 

social and environmental responsibilities, and their 
implications for long-term success

Nexxen’s management team encourages employees to 
share their feedback, ideas, and thoughts by promoting a 
transparent organisational culture and an “open door” policy. 
Employees share their feedback with their managers on a 
regular basis one-on-one. Those participating in the 
leadership programmes are asked to share their thoughts in 
group discussions and provide any feedback they might 
have in regard to management, culture and the Company’s 
actions. The Company also introduced internal surveys to 
garner employee feedback and satisfaction and to receive 
suggestions. The Company shares its list of core values with 
all employees, which are the foundation of its culture: “I 
C.A.N.” (Each day, we strive to be as Innovative, Committed + 
Collaborative and Authentic as possible, with No Ego).

Staff retention rate is a key consideration and is a factor in 
determining the bonus payment of the executive directors. 
Retention is also a matter reported on to the Board. 

The Company communicates and builds relationships with 
external stakeholders via its marketing efforts, including 
social media, events, PR, direct marketing and online 
advertising. The Company offers to meet with stakeholders at 
regular events globally, and occasionally directly contacts 
investors to offer meetings. 

Nexxen has a ‘People & Culture’ programme, which includes 
providing employees with opportunities for volunteering in 
the community – with a particular focus on education – such 
as tutoring young people and collaborating with schools that 
care for underprivileged children. Nexxen also regularly 
donates to charitable organisations. 

5.  Embed effective risk management, internal controls and 
assurance activities, considering both opportunities and 
threats, throughout the organisation

The risks to the business and how these are mitigated are 
detailed on pages 28 to 31 and its internal control measures 
on pages 24 and 25 of this report.

Both the executive directors and senior managers are 
responsible for reviewing and evaluating risk on an ongoing 
basis and the Board considers risks to the business at its 
meetings. The Board also allocates certain meetings to have 
a more in-depth review of strategy and risk.

The Audit Committee of the Board consults with external 
advisers, including the internal auditor, Fahn Kanne Control 
Management Ltd., Grant Thornton Israel, as/when needed to 
support execution on strategy and risk mitigation, and holding 
executive sessions with external auditor, KPMG, to discuss the 
audit process and the manner in which the Company’s finance 
team is expanding to address the significant international 
growth of the business.

18

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

19

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Corporate Governance Report
continued

The Board and the Committees

MAINTAIN A DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

8.  Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

objectives, seeking continuous improvement

The Board conducts annually, with the assistance of outside 
legal counsel, a self evaluation process on its effectiveness 
and encourages open and transparent communication.

All directors are subject to re-election by the shareholders 
each year.

The executive directors are subject to an annual performance 
review during which they are measured against pre-set criteria.

The Board constantly looks to ensure that the executive 
management of the Company evolves. The Company 
conducts a leadership programme to ensure talent can be 
promoted within the business. If there are skills gaps, the 
Company looks to fill those externally. At present, the directors 
are confident there is sufficient talent within the Company to 
be able to appoint new leadership from within.

9.  Establish a remuneration policy which is supportive of 

long-term value creation and the Company’s purposes, 
strategy and culture.’

The Compensation Committee report on pages 22 to 24 of 
this Annual Report details the Company’s compensation
policy and philosophy.

BUILD TRUST

10.  Communicate how the company is governed and is 

performing by maintaining a dialogue with shareholders 
and other relevant stakeholders

Nexxen describes its communication practices in its annual 
report under ‘Relationship with Shareholders’ (page 24 of this 
report).

6. Establish and maintain the Board as a well-functioning, 

balanced team led by the chair

The composition, roles, and responsibilities of the Board and 
its committees are set out on pages 21 to 24 of this report. The 
number of meetings of the Board and the committees are 
also detailed.

High level and in-depth analytic materials, including the 
minutes from the prior meeting, are sent in a timely manner 
ahead of each committee or board meeting allowing Board 
members adequate time to review them. After each meeting, 
the minutes are sent to the chair for review and approval. All 
directors have direct access to the advice and services of the 
Company Secretary and the General Counsel and are able to 
take independent professional advice in the furtherance of 
the duties, if necessary, at the Company’s expense.

The time devoted by directors to their duties varies 
depending on the activities of the company. In 2023, the 
board held 10 meetings. The Board typically holds at least 
one meeting annually to review strategy and interact with 
senior managers. All executive directors work full-time for 
Nexxen and the non-executive Chairman spends a minimum 
of three to four days per month on Nexxen business. This is 
primarily typically via in-person or virtual meetings, or phone 
calls with management, brokers and shareholders. The other 
non-executive directors spend a minimum of two days per 
month on their duties, primarily through in-person or virtual 
meetings, and phone calls with management and other 
board members.

The Board conducts, with the assistance of outside legal 
counsel, an annual self-assessment to, among other things, 
evaluate the effectiveness of its operations and the 
operations of each of its committees.

7.  Maintain appropriate governance structures and ensure 

that, individually and collectively, directors have the 
necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities

The composition of the Board and the credentials of the 
individual directors are outlined on pages 16 to 17 of this report. 
All of the directors remain active in their respective business 
lines, many in the media and marketing industry – working for 
public and private companies – which ensures that their 
skillsets remain highly complementary to the Nexxen business.

The Sustainability, Nominating and Governance Committee 
of the Board oversees the hiring process and makes 
recommendations to the Board on new board appointments 
as well as re-election of existing directors. Prior to any new 
member joining the Board, a search for candidates is 
conducted, with any subsequent appointment made on 
merit, against objective criteria, and with due regard for the 
benefits of diversity on the Board, including gender. A Board 
diversity matrix is maintained on the Company’s website. The 
Sustainability, Nominating and Governance Committee also 
considers succession planning.

Under the Companies Law and our amended and restated 
articles of association, our business and affairs are managed 
under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of 
directors may exercise all powers and may take all actions 
that are not specifically granted to our shareholders or to 
executive management. Our Chief Executive Officer (referred 
to as a “general manager” under the Companies Law) is 
responsible for our day-to-day management. Our Chief 
Executive Officer is appointed by, and serves at the discretion 
of, our board of directors, subject to the employment 
agreement that we have entered into with him. All other 
executive officers are appointed by the Chief Executive Officer, 
subject to applicable corporate approvals, and are subject to 
the terms of any applicable employment or consulting 
agreements that we may enter into with them. 

Under our amended and restated articles of association, the 
number of directors on our board of directors will be no less 
than four and no more than eleven directors. At each annual 
general meeting of our shareholders, the election or re-
election of directors following the expiration of the term of 
office of the directors will be for a term of office that expires 
on next annual general meeting following such election or 
re-election. 

Our directors are appointed by a simple majority vote of 
holders of our ordinary shares, participating and voting at an 
annual general meeting of our shareholders, provided that (i) 
in the event of a contested election, the method of calculation 
of the votes and the manner in which the resolutions will be 
presented to our shareholders at the general meeting shall 
be determined by our board of directors in its discretion, and 
(ii) in the event that our board of directors does not or is 
unable to make a determination on such matter, then the 
directors will be elected by a majority of the voting power 
represented at the general meeting in person or by proxy and 
voting on the election of directors provided that if the number 
of nominees so elected exceeds the number of directors that 
are proposed by the board of directors to be elected, then as 
among such elected nominees the election shall be by a 
plurality of the votes cast. Each director holds office until the 
annual general meeting of our shareholders for the year in 
which such director’s term expires, unless the tenure of such 
director expires earlier pursuant to the Companies Law or unless 
such director is removed from office as described below. 

Under our amended and restated articles of association, the 
approval of the holders of at least 65% of the total voting 
power of our shareholders is generally required to remove 
any of our directors from office or amend the provision 
requiring the approval of at least 65% of the total voting power 
of our shareholders to remove any of our directors from office. 
In addition, vacancies on our board of directors may only be 
filled by a vote of a simple majority of the directors then in 
office. A director so appointed will hold office until the next 
annual general meeting of our shareholders for the election 
of the class of directors in respect of which the vacancy was 
created, or in the case of a vacancy due to the number of 
directors being less than the maximum number of directors 
stated in our amended and restated articles of association, 
until the next annual general meeting of our shareholders for 
the election of the class of directors to which such director 
was assigned by our board of directors.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Board Composition
The Board is currently comprised of three executive directors, 
Ofer Druker, Yaniv Carmi and Sagi Niri, and eight non-executive 
directors, Christopher Stibbs (Chairperson of the Board),  
Neil Jones, Joanna Parnell, Lisa Klinger, Rebekah Brooks, 
Norman Johnston, Daniel Kerstein, and Rhys Summerton. The 
balance between executive and non-executive directors does 
not allow any group to dominate the Board’s decision making.

Collectively, the non-executive directors bring a valuable 
range of expertise in assisting the Company to achieve its 
strategic aims. The effectiveness of the Board benefits from 
the following skills and experience which the current Board 
members possess: advertising, media, finance and 
accounting, governance, research and development and 
technology expertise.

Operation of the Board
The Company Secretary, Yaniv Carmi, and Chief Financial 
Officer, Sagi Niri, and the Chief Legal Officer, Amy Rothstein, 
are responsible for ensuring that the Company complies with 
the statutory and regulatory requirements and maintains 
high standards of corporate governance. They support and 
work closely with the Chairperson of the Board, the Chief 
Executive Officer and the Board committee chairs in setting 
agendas for meetings of the Board and its committees and 
support the transfer of timely and accurate information flow 
from and to the Board and the management of the Company.

The Board holds its meetings in accordance with its 
scheduled calendar. The Board also holds regular virtual 
meetings to update the members on operational and other 
business, and the Board convenes occasionally for additional 
updates and conversations on ad-hoc emerging matters 
that arise in-between the scheduled Board meetings. A 
majority of the Board members, which constitutes the legal 
quorum for a board meeting, attend each of the board 
meetings. Each board meeting is preceded by a clear 
agenda and any relevant information is provided to directors 
in advance of the meeting.

An agreed procedure exists for directors in the furtherance  
of their duties to take independent professional advice.  
Newly appointed directors are to be made aware of their 
responsibilities through the Company Secretary and Chief 
Legal Officer. The Company provides the directors with 
training sessions via internal meetings, presentations and 
conversations which are being conducted by Company 
advisors, management and other relevant persons during the 
year in order to enable greater awareness and understanding 
of the Company’s business and the environment in which it 
operates.

The Board has established properly constituted Audit, 
Compensation and Sustainability, Nominating and 
Governance committees of the Board with formally 
delegated duties and responsibilities.

20

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

21

 
 
GOVERNANCE

The Board and the Committees
continued

AUDIT COMMITTEE

Companies Law Requirements
Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public 
company must appoint an audit committee consisting of at 
least three directors.

•  Recommending to the board of directors the retention and 
termination of the internal auditor, and the internal auditor’s 
engagement fees and terms, in accordance with the 
Companies Law as well as approving the yearly or periodic 
work plan proposed by the internal auditor;

Listing Requirements
Under the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq, we are 
required to maintain an audit committee consisting of at 
least three independent directors, each of whom is financially 
literate and one of whom has accounting or related financial 
management expertise.

Our audit committee consists of Neil Jones, Joanna Parnell 
and Lisa Klinger. Lisa Klinger serves as the chairperson of the 
audit committee. All members of our audit committee meet 
the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable 
rules and regulations of the SEC and the corporate 
governance rules of Nasdaq. 

Our board of directors has determined that Neil Jones is an 
audit committee financial expert as defined by the SEC rules 
and has the requisite financial experience as defined by the 
corporate governance rules of Nasdaq.

Our board of directors has determined that each member of 
our audit committee is “independent” as such term is defined 
in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act, which is different 
from the general test for independence of board and 
committee members.

Audit Committee Role
Our board of directors has adopted an audit committee 
charter setting forth the responsibilities of the audit committee, 
which are consistent with the Companies Law, the SEC rules 
and the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq and include:

•  Retaining and terminating our independent auditors, subject 

to ratification by the board of directors, and in the case of 
retention, to ratification by the shareholders;

•  Pre-approving audit and non-audit services to be provided 
by the independent auditors and related fees and terms;

•  Overseeing the accounting and financial reporting 

processes of our company and audits of our financial 
statements, the effectiveness of our internal

•  Control over financial reporting and making such reports as 
may be required of an audit committee under the rules and 
regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act;

•  Reviewing with management and our independent auditor 

our annual and quarterly financial statements prior to 
publication or filing (or submission, as the case may be) to 
the SEC;

•  Reviewing with our general counsel and/or external counsel, 
as deemed necessary, legal and regulatory matters that 
could have a material impact on the financial statements;

•  Identifying irregularities in our business administration by 

among other things, consulting with the internal auditor or 
with the independent auditor, and suggesting corrective 
measures to the board of directors;

•  Reviewing policies and procedures with respect to 

transactions between the Company and officers and 
directors (other than transactions related to the 
compensation or terms of service of officers and directors), 
or affiliates of officers or directors, or transactions that are 
not in the ordinary course of the

•  Company’s business and deciding whether to approve such 
acts and transactions if so required under the Companies 
Law; and

•  Establishing procedures for the handling of employees’ 

complaints as to the management of our business and the 
protection to be provided to such employees.

A copy of the audit committee charter is available to investors 
and others on our website at investors.nexxen.com/
governance/governance-overview.

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

Companies Law Requirements
Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public 
company must appoint a compensation committee 
consisting of at least three directors.

Listing Requirements
Under the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq, we are 
required to maintain a compensation committee consisting 
of at least two independent directors.

Our compensation committee consists of Neil Jones, Joanna 
Parnell, Lisa Klinger and Daniel Kerstein. Neil Jones serves as 
chairperson of the committee. Our board of directors has 
determined that each member of our compensation 
committee is independent under the corporate governance 
rules of Nasdaq, including the additional independence 
requirements applicable to the members of a compensation 
committee. 

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Compensation Committee Role
In accordance with the Companies Law, the roles of the 
compensation committee are, among others, as follows:

•  Making recommendations to the board of directors with 

respect to the approval of the compensation policy for office 
holders;

•  Reviewing the implementation of the compensation policy 
and periodically making recommendations to the board of 
directors with respect to any amendments or updates of the 
compensation policy;

•  Resolving whether or not to approve arrangements with 
respect to the terms of office and employment of office 
holders; and

•  Exempting, under certain circumstances, transactions with 

our Chief Executive Officer from the approval of our 
shareholders. 

Our board of directors has adopted a compensation 
committee charter setting forth the responsibilities of the 
committee, which are consistent with the corporate 
governance rules of Nasdaq and include among others:

•  Recommending to our board of directors for its approval a 
compensation policy in accordance with the requirements 
of the Companies Law as well as other compensation 
policies, incentive-based compensation plans and equity-
based compensation plans, and overseeing the development 
and implementation of such policies and recommending to 
our board of directors any amendments or modifications 
the committee deems appropriate, including as required 
under the Companies Law;

•  Reviewing and approving the granting of options and other 
incentive awards to our Chief Executive Officer and other 
executive officers, including reviewing and approving 
corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation 
of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers, 
including evaluating their performance in light of such goals 
and objectives; 

•  Approving and exempting certain transactions regarding 
office holders’ compensation pursuant to the Companies 
Law; and

•  Administering our equity-based compensation plans, 

including without limitation, approving the adoption of such 
plans, amending and interpreting such plans and the 
awards and agreements issued pursuant thereto, and 
making awards to eligible persons under the plans and 
determining the terms of such awards.

A copy of the compensation committee charter is available 
to investors and others on our website at investors.nexxen.
com/governance/governance-overview.

Compensation Policy under the Companies Law
In general, under the Companies Law, a public company 
must have a compensation policy approved by its board of 
directors after receiving and considering the 
recommendations of the compensation committee.

The compensation policy must be based on certain 
considerations, include certain provisions and reference 
certain matters as set forth in the Companies Law. The 
compensation policy must serve as the basis for decisions 
concerning the financial terms of employment or 
engagement of office holders, including exculpation, 
insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment or 
obligation of payment in respect of employment or 
engagement. The compensation policy must be determined 
and later reevaluated according to certain factors, including: 
the advancement of the company’s objectives, business plan 
and long-term strategy; the creation of appropriate 
incentives for office holders, while considering, among other 
things, the company’s risk management policy; the size and 
the nature of the company’s operations; and with respect to 
variable compensation, the contribution of the office holder 
towards the achievement of the company’s long-term goals 
and the maximization of its profits, all with a long-term 
objective and according to the position of the office holder. 
The compensation policy must furthermore consider the 
following additional factors: 

•  The education, skills, experience, expertise and 
accomplishments of the relevant office holder;

•  The office holder’s position and responsibilities;

•  Prior compensation agreements with the office holder;

•  The ratio between the cost of the terms of employment of an 

office holder and the cost of the employment of other 
employees of the company, including employees employed 
through contractors who provide services to the company, in 
particular the ratio between such cost to the average and 
median salary of such employees of the company, as well 
as the impact of disparities between them on the work 
relationships in the company;

•  If the terms of employment include variable components 
— the possibility of reducing variable components at the 
discretion of the board of directors and the possibility of 
setting a limit on the value of non-cash variable equity-
based components; and

•  If the terms of employment include severance compensation 
— the term of employment or office of the office holder, the 
terms of the office holder’s compensation during such 
period, the company’s performance during such period, the 
office holder’s individual contribution to the achievement of 
the company goals and the maximization of its profits and 
the circumstances under which he or she is leaving the 
company.

22

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

23

 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

The Board and the Committees
continued

The compensation policy must also include, among other 
things:

• With regards to variable components:

•  With the exception of office holders who report to the chief 

executive officer, a means of determining the variable 
components on the basis of long-term performance and 
measurable criteria; provided that the company may 
determine that an immaterial part of the variable 
components of the compensation package of an office 
holder shall be awarded based on non-measurable criteria, 
if such amount is not higher than three months’ salary per 
annum, taking into account such office holder’s contribution 
to the company;

•  The ratio between variable and fixed components, as well as 
the limit of the values of variable components at the time of 
their payment, or in the case of equity-based 
compensation, at the time of grant;

•  A condition under which the office holder will return to the 
company, according to conditions to be set forth in the 
compensation policy, any amounts paid as part of the office 
holder’s terms of employment, if such amounts were paid 
based on information later to be discovered to be wrong, 
and such information was restated in the company’s 
financial statements;

•  The minimum holding or vesting period of variable equity-

based components to be set in the terms of office or 
employment, as applicable, while taking into consideration 
long-term incentives; and

• A limit to retirement grants.

Our compensation policy was last adopted by our 
compensation committee, board of directors and 
shareholders on December 27, 2023 and is filed as an exhibit 
to this Annual Report.

SUSTAINABILITY, NOMINATING AND  
GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE

Our sustainability, nominating and governance committee 
consists of Neil Jones, Joana Parnell and Christopher Stibbs. 
Christopher Stibbs serves as chairperson of the committee. 
Our board of directors has adopted a sustainability, 
nominating and governance committee charter setting forth 
the responsibilities of the committee, which include:

•  Overseeing and assisting our board in reviewing and 
recommending nominees for election as directors;

•  Assessing the performance of the members of our board; and

•  Establishing and maintaining effective corporate governance 
policies and practices, including, but not limited to, developing 
and recommending to our board a set of corporate 
governance guidelines applicable to our business; and

•  To oversee our policies, programs and strategies related to 

environmental, social and governance.

A copy of the sustainability, nominating and governance 
committee charter is available to investors and others on our 
website at investors.nexxen.com/governance/governance-
overview.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, no Director 
shall be disqualified by virtue of his office from holding any 
office or place of profit in the Company or in any company in 
which the Company shall be a shareholder or otherwise 
interested, or from contracting with the Company as vendor, 
purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract, or any 
contract or arrangement entered into by or on behalf of the 
Company in which any Director shall be in any way interested, 
be voided, nor, other than as required under the Companies 
Law, shall any Director be liable to account to the Company 
for any profit arising from any such office or place of profit or 
realized by any such contract or arrangement by reason only 
of such Director’s holding that office or of the fiduciary relations 
thereby established, but the nature of his interest, as well as 
any material fact or document, must be disclosed by him at 
the meeting of the Board at which the contract or arrangement 
is first considered, if his interest then exists, or, in any other 
case, at no later than the first meeting of the Board after the 
acquisition of his interest. The Board shall be entitled to 
delegate its approval power under Section 271 of the 
Companies Law to a committee of the Board or to such person 
it deems appropriate, whether generally, with respect to a 
certain contract or transaction or with respect to certain types 
of contracts or transactions, and the power of such committee 
or person shall be regarded as another method of approval 
within the meaning of Section 271 of the Companies Law.

RELATIONSHIP WITH SHAREHOLDERS

The Company encourages the participation of both institutional 
and private investors. The Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial 
Officer and Head of Investor Relations meet regularly with 
institutional investors, usually in regard to the issuance of 
quarterly and full year results. Communication with private 
individuals is maintained through the Annual General Meeting 
and the Company’s annual and interim reports. In addition, 
further details on the strategy and performance of the 
Company can be found on its website (www.nexxen.com), 
which includes copies of the Company’s press releases.

Regular updates are provided to the Board on meetings with 
shareholders and analysts, and brokers’ opinions. Non-executive 
directors are available to meet major shareholders, if required. 
Investors are also encouraged to contact the Company’s 
Investor Relations advisors, Vigo Consulting in the UK, and 
KCSA in the US.

INTERNAL CONTROLS

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined 
in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that 
are designed to ensure that information required to be 
disclosed in the Company’s reports that we file or submit 
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized 
and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s 
rules and forms and that such information is accumulated 
and communicated to our management, including our Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to 
allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any 
controls and procedures can provide only reasonable 
assurance of achieving the desired objectives of the 
disclosure controls and procedures. Our management, with 
the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the 
design and operation of our disclosure controls and 
procedures as of December 31, 2023. Based upon that 
evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial 
Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our 
disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over 
Financial Reporting 
Our management is responsible for establishing and 
maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting 
and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control 
over financial reporting. Internal control over financial 
reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 
Exchange Act as a process designed to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and 
the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, 
and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to 
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions 
of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable 
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that 
receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made 
only in accordance with authorizations of management and 
directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the audited 
consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent 
limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not 
prevent or detect material misstatements. Also, projections of 
any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject 
to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of 
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with 
the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management 
conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal 
control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth 
in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by 
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission. Based on this assessment, our management 
concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our internal control 
over financial reporting was effective. 

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of 
our registered public accounting regarding internal control over 
financial reporting firm because we are currently an emerging 
growth company in accordance with the Exchange Act. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial 
reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 
Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by 
this Annual Report that have materially affected, or are 
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over 
financial reporting.

AUDIT AND AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE

An additional responsibility of the Audit Committee is to keep 
under review the scope and cost effectiveness of the external 
audit. This includes recommending to the Board the appoint-
ment of the external auditors and reviewing the scope of the 
audit, approving the audit fee and, on an annual basis, the 
Committee being satisfied that the auditors are independent.

Somekh Chaikin, member firm of KPMG International, is 
retained to perform audit and audit-related work on the 
Company and its subsidiaries. The Audit Committee monitors 
the nature and extent of non-audit work undertaken by the 
auditors. It is satisfied that there are adequate controls in 
place to ensure auditor independence and objectivity. 
Periodically, the Audit Committee monitors the cost of non-audit 
work undertaken by the auditors. The Audit Committee 
considers that it is in a position to take action if at any time it 
believes that there is a risk of the auditors’ independence 
being undermined through the award of this work. 

24

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

25

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Takeovers & Mergers

MERGERS

The Companies Law permits merger transactions if approved 
by each party’s board of directors and, unless certain 
conditions described under the Companies Law are met, a 
simple majority of the outstanding shares of each party to 
the merger that are represented and voting on the merger. 
The board of directors of a merging company is required 
pursuant to the Companies Law to discuss and determine 
whether in its opinion there exists a reasonable concern that 
as a result of a proposed merger, the surviving company will 
not be able to satisfy its obligations towards its creditors, such 
determination taking into account the financial status of the 
merging companies. If the board of directors determines that 
such a concern exists, it may not approve a proposed merger. 
Following the approval of the board of directors of each of the 
merging companies, the boards of directors must jointly 
prepare a merger proposal for submission to the Israeli 
Registrar of Companies. 

For purposes of the shareholder vote of a merging company 
whose shares are held by the other merging company, or by 
a person or entity holding 25% or more of the voting rights at 
the general meeting of shareholders of the other merging 
company, or by a person or entity holding the right to appoint 
25% or more of the directors of the other merging company, 
unless a court rules otherwise, the merger will not be deemed 
approved if a majority of the shares voted on the matter at 
the general meeting of shareholders (excluding abstentions) 
that are held by shareholders other than the other party to 
the merger, or by any person or entity who holds 25% or more 
of the voting rights of the other party or the right to appoint 
25% or more of the directors of the other party, or any one on 
their behalf including their relatives or corporations controlled 
by any of them, vote against the merger. In addition, if the 
nonsurviving entity of the merger has more than one class of 
shares, the merger must be approved by each class of 
shareholders. If the transaction would have been approved 
but for the separate approval of each class or the exclusion of 
the votes of certain shareholders as provided above, a court 
may still approve the merger upon the request of holders of 
at least 25% of the voting rights of a company, if the court 
holds that the merger is fair and reasonable, taking into 
account the valuation of the merging companies and the 
consideration offered to the shareholders. If a merger is with a 
company’s controlling shareholder or if the controlling 
shareholder has a personal interest in the merger, then the 
merger is instead subject to the same special majority 
approval that governs all extraordinary transactions with 
controlling shareholders. 

Under the Companies Law, each merging company must 
deliver to its secured creditors the merger proposal and 
inform its unsecured creditors of the merger proposal and its 
content. Upon the request of a creditor of either party to the 
proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent the merger 
if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that, as 
a result of the merger, the surviving company will be unable 
to satisfy the obligations of the merging company, and may 
further give instructions to secure the rights of creditors. 

In addition, a merger may not be completed unless at least 
50 days have passed from the date that a proposal for 
approval of the merger is filed with the Israeli Registrar of 
Companies and 30 days from the date that shareholder 
approval of both merging companies is obtained.

Special Tender Offer
The Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares of 
an Israeli public company must be made by means of a 
special tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser 
would become a holder of 25% or more of the voting rights in 
the company. This requirement does not apply if there is 
already another holder of 25% or more of the voting rights in 
the company. Similarly, the Companies Law provides that an 
acquisition of shares of an Israeli public company must be 
made by means of a special tender offer if as a result of the 
acquisition the purchaser would become a holder of more 
than 45% of the voting rights in the company, if there is no 
other shareholder of the company who holds more than 45% 
of the voting rights in the company. These requirements do 
not apply if (i) the acquisition occurs in the context of a 
private placement by the company that received shareholder 
approval as a private placement whose purpose is to give the 
purchaser 25% or more of the voting rights in the company, if 
there is no person who holds 25% or more of the voting rights 
in the company or as a private placement whose purpose is 
to give the purchaser 45% of the voting rights in the company, 
if there is no person who holds 45% of the voting rights in the 
company, (ii) the acquisition was from a shareholder holding 
25% or more of the voting rights in the company and resulted 
in the purchaser becoming a holder of 25% or more of the 
voting rights in the company, or (iii) the acquisition was from a 
shareholder holding more than 45% of the voting rights in the 
company and resulted in the purchaser becoming a holder of 
more than 45% of the voting rights in the company. A special 
tender offer must be extended to all shareholders of a 
company. A special tender offer may be consummated only if 
(i) at least 5% of the voting power attached to the company’s 
outstanding shares will be acquired by the offeror and (ii) the 
number of shares tendered in the offer exceeds the number 
of shares whose holders objected to the offer (excluding the 
purchaser, its controlling shareholders, holders of 25% or more 
of the voting rights in the company and any person having a 
personal interest in the acceptance of the tender offer, or 
anyone on their behalf, including any such person’s relatives 
and entities under their control).

In the event that a special tender offer is made, a company’s 
board of directors is required to express its opinion on the 
advisability of the offer, or shall abstain from expressing any 
opinion if it is unable to do so, provided that it gives the 
reasons for its abstention. The board of directors shall also 
disclose any personal interest that any of the directors has 
with respect to the special tender offer or in connection 
therewith. An office holder in a target company who, in his or 
her capacity as an office holder, performs an action the 
purpose of which is to cause the failure of an existing or 
foreseeable special tender offer or is to impair the chances of 
its acceptance, is liable to the potential purchaser and 
shareholders for damages, unless such office holder acted in 
good faith and had reasonable grounds to believe he or she 
was acting for the benefit of the company. However, office 
holders of the target company may negotiate with the 
potential purchaser in order to improve the terms of the 
special tender offer, and may further negotiate with third-
parties in order to obtain a competing offer.

If a special tender offer is accepted, then shareholders who 
did not respond to or that had objected the offer may accept 
the offer within four days of the last day set for the acceptance 
of the offer and they will be considered to have accepted the 
offer from the first day it was made. 

In the event that a special tender offer is accepted, then the 
purchaser or any person or entity controlling it or under 
common control with the purchaser or such controlling person 
or entity at the time of the offer may not make a subsequent 
tender offer for the purchase of shares of the target company 
and may not enter into a merger with the target company for 
a period of one year from the date of the offer, unless the 
purchaser or such person or entity undertook to effect such 
an offer or merger in the initial special tender offer. Shares 
purchased in contradiction to the special tender offer rules 
under the Companies Law will have no rights and will become 
dormant shares.

FULL TENDER OFFER 

A person wishing to acquire shares of a public Israeli company 
who would, as a result, hold over 90% of the target company’s 
voting rights or the target company’s issued and outstanding 
share capital (or of a class thereof), is required by the 
Companies Law to make a tender offer to all of the company’s 
shareholders for the purchase of all of the issued and 
outstanding shares of the company (or the applicable class). 
If (a) the shareholders who do not accept the offer hold less 
than 5% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the 
company (or the applicable class) and the shareholders who 
accept the offer constitute a majority of the offerees that do 
not have a personal interest in the acceptance of the tender 
offer or (b) the shareholders who did not accept the tender 
offer hold less than 2% of the issued and outstanding share 
capital of the company (or of the applicable class), all of the 
shares that the acquirer offered to purchase will be transferred 
to the acquirer by operation of law. A shareholder who had its 
shares so transferred may petition an Israeli court within six 
months from the date of acceptance of the full tender offer, 
regardless of whether such shareholder agreed to the offer, to 
determine whether the tender offer was for less than fair value 
and whether the fair value should be paid as determined by 
the court. However, an offeror may provide in the offer that a 
shareholder who accepted the offer will not be entitled to 
petition the court for appraisal rights as described in the 
preceding sentence, as long as the offeror and the company 
disclosed the information required by law in connection with 
the full tender offer. If the full tender offer was not accepted in 
accordance with any of the above alternatives, the acquirer 
may not acquire shares of the company that will increase its 
holdings to more than 90% of the company’s voting rights or 
the company’s issued and outstanding share capital (or of 
the applicable class) from shareholders who accepted the 
tender offer. Shares purchased in contradiction to the full 
tender offer rules under the Companies Law will have no 
rights and will become dormant shares.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

26

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

27

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Directors’ Report

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES

Nexxen is a flexible unified platform that helps empower 
durable growth across the media supply chain. Our end-to-
end, video-first platform facilitates and optimizes engaging 
advertising campaigns for brands, media groups and 
content creators worldwide—enabling powerful partnerships 
and delivering meaningful results. A leader in CTV, data, and 
Video, Nexxen’s footprint is expanding across some of the 
industry’s fastest-growing activities, driven by a global team 
of seasoned technologists and digital natives.

BUSINESS REVIEW

The information that fulfils the requirements of the business 
review, including details of the 2023 results, principal risks and 
uncertainties and the outlook for future years, are set out in 
the Chairman’s, Chief Executive Officer’s and Chief Financial 
Officer’s statements on pages 2 to 15, and in this Directors’ 
Report.

DIRECTORS

The following Directors held office as indicated below for the 
year ended 31 December 2023 and up to the date of signing 
the consolidated financial statements except where 
otherwise shown.

Christopher Stibbs - Non-Executive Chairperson  
(Throughout 2023-present)

Ofer Druker - Chief Executive Officer and Director  
(Throughout 2023-present)

Sagi Niri - Chief Financial Officer and Director  
(Throughout 2023-present)

Yaniv Carmi - Chief Operating Officer and Director 
(Throughout 2023-present)

Rebekah Brooks - Non-Executive Director  
(Throughout 2023-present)

Norm Johnston - Non-Executive Director 
(Throughout 2023-present)

Neil Jones - Senior Non-Executive Director 
(Throughout 2023-present)

Joanna Parnell - Non-Executive Director 
(Throughout 2023-present)

Lisa Klinger - Non-Executive Director 
(Throughout 2023-present)

Daniel Kerstein - Non-Executive Director 
(December 2023-present)

Rhys Summerton - Non-Executive Director 
(December 2023-present)

DIRECTORS’ COMPENSATION AND INTERESTS

The Compensation Report is set out on pages 33 to 35. It 
includes details of Directors’ compensation, interests in the 
Ordinary Shares of the Company and share options.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Board’s Corporate Governance Report is set out on pages 
18 to 20. 

The Companies Law requires the Directors to prepare 
financial statements for each financial year which give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company as at the 
end of the relevant financial year pursuant to applicable 
accounting standards.

The Directors, after considering the risks and uncertainties and 
after reviewing the Company’s operating budgets, investment 
plans and financing arrangements, consider that the Company 
has sufficient resources at their disposal to continue their 
operations for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the financial 
statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

PRINCIPLE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Directors assess and monitor the key risks of the business 
on an ongoing basis.

Following are the principal risks and uncertainties that could 
have a material effect on the Company’s performance.

A full detailed list of principle risks and uncertainties is 
disclosed within in the Company’s latest Form 20-f located 
here: https://investors.nexxen.com/static-files/adbbaca7-
60d4-41d0-ae3c-0a509cc6fd28

An abbreviated list is detailed below:

Risks Relating to Our Business
•  Our success and revenue growth are dependent on adding 
new advertisers and publishers, effectively educating and 
training our existing advertisers and publishers on how to 
make full use of our platform and increasing usage of our 
platform by advertisers and publishers.

•  Our business depends on our ability to maintain and expand 
access to advertising spend, including spend from a limited 
number of DSPs, agencies, and advertisers.

•  Our business depends on our ability to maintain and expand 
access to valuable inventory from publishers, including our 
largest publishers.

•  If we fail to make the right investment decisions in our 

platform, or if we fail to innovate and develop new solutions 
that are adopted by advertisers and publishers, we may not 
attract and retain advertisers and publishers, which could 
have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition.

•  Significant parts of our business depend on relationships 
with data providers for data sets used to deliver targeted 
campaigns.

•  Our business depends on our ability to collect, use and 

disclose certain data, including CTV data, to deliver 
advertisements. Any limitation imposed on our collection, 
use or disclosure of this data could significantly diminish the 
value of our platform and cause us to lose publishers, 
advertisers and revenue. Consumer tools, regulatory 
restrictions, and technological limitations all threaten our 
ability to use and disclose data.

•  If the use of third-party “cookies,” mobile device IDs, CTV 

data collection or other tracking technologies is restricted 
without similar or better alternatives (and adoption of such 
alternatives), our platform’s effectiveness could be 
diminished and our business, results of operations and 
financial condition could be adversely affected.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

•  Our failure to meet content and inventory standards and 
provide services that our advertisers and publishers trust 
could harm our brand and reputation and negatively impact 
our business, operating results, and financial condition.

•  Any decrease in the use of the advertising or publishing 

channels that we primarily depend on, or failure to expand 
into emerging channels, could adversely affect our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

•  We must grow rapidly to become a market leader and to 

•  If CTV develops in ways that prevent advertisements from 

accomplish our strategic objectives. If we fail to grow, or fail 
to manage our growth effectively, the value of our company 
may decline.

being delivered to consumers, our business, results of 
operations and financial condition may be adversely 
affected.

•  The market for programmatic buying for advertising 

campaigns is evolving. If this market develops slower or 
differently than we expect, our business, operating results 
and financial condition could be adversely affected.

•  If we fail to detect or prevent fraud on our platform, or 
malware intrusion into the systems or devices of our 
publishers and their consumers, publishers could lose 
confidence in our platform and we could face legal claims 
and other liability that could adversely affect our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

•  If the use of digital advertising is rejected by consumers, 

•  The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, 
and we may not be able to compete successfully with our 
current or future competitors.

•  Seasonal fluctuations or market changes in advertising 

activity could have a material impact on our revenue, cash 
flow and operating results.

•  If we do not effectively grow and train our sales and support 
teams, we may be unable to add new customers or increase 
usage of our platform by our existing customers and our 
business will be adversely affected.

through opt-in, opt-out or ad-blocking technologies or other 
means, it could have an adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

•  The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union 

may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, 
financial markets and our business.

•  We must scale our platform infrastructure to support 

anticipated growth and transaction volume. If we fail to do 
so, we may limit our ability to process inventory and we may 
lose revenue.

•  Disruptions to service from our third-party data center hosting 
facilities and cloud computing and hosting providers could 
impair the delivery of our services and harm our business.

Risks Relating to Global Operations Including Location in 
Israel and Our Employees
•  Our long-term success depends on our ability to operate 
internationally making us susceptible to risks associated 
with cross-border sales and operations.

•  We depend on our executive officers and other key 

employees, and the loss of one or more of these employees 
could harm our business.

•  We face potential liability and harm to our business based 

on the human factor of inputting information into our platform.

•  Inability to attract and retain other highly skilled employees 

•  We are subject to cybersecurity risks to operational systems, 

security systems, infrastructure and personal data 
processed by us or third-party vendors or suppliers and any 
material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident 
or breach of security could prevent us from effectively 
operating our business.

•  Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could 

negatively impact our business.

could harm our business.

•  The impact of political, economic and military conditions in 
Israel, including the ongoing Israel-Hamas war and other 
conditions in Israel, and surrounding regions, could 
materially and adversely affect our business.

•  Your rights and responsibilities as our shareholder will be 

governed by Israeli law, which may differ in some respects 
from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. 
corporations.

Risks Relating to the Market in Which We Operate
•  If the non-proprietary technology, software, products and 

•  Provisions of Israeli law and our amended and restated 

services that we use are unavailable, have future terms we 
cannot agree to or do not perform as we expect, our business, 
operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

articles of association may delay, prevent, or make 
undesirable an acquisition of all or a significant portion of 
our ADSs or assets.

•  Our revenue and results of operations are highly dependent 
on the overall demand for advertising. Factors that affect 
the amount of advertising spending, such as economic 
downturns, inflation, supply constraints, geopolitical issues, 
and pandemics, can make it difficult to predict our revenue 
and could adversely affect our business, results of 
operations and financial condition.

•  Our amended and restated articles of association provide 
that unless we consent to an alternate forum, the federal 
district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive 
forum for the resolution of any claims arising under the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), 
which may limit the ability of our shareholders to initiate 
litigation against us or increase the cost thereof.

•  Our global operations subject us to certain risks beyond our 

•  It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us, our 

control and may adversely affect our financial results.

•  Our business and operations have been, and may in the 

future be, adversely affected by health epidemics, 
pandemics and other outbreaks of infectious disease, such 
as the global pandemic caused by COVID-19.

officers and directors in Israel or the United States, or to 
assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel or serve process on 
our officers and directors.

28

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

29

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Directors’ Report
continued

Risks Relating to Our Financial Position
•  Our operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our 

business and prospects and may increase the risk 
associated with your investment.

Risks Relating to Our ADSs
•  The price of our ADSs and the trading volume of our ADSs 

may be volatile, and you may lose all or part of your 
investment.

•  We often have long sales cycles, which can result in 

significant time and investment between initial contact with 
a prospect and execution of an agreement with an 
advertiser or publisher, making it difficult to project when, if 
at all, we will obtain new advertisers or publishers, and when 
we will generate revenue from them.

•  There was no public market for our ADSs prior to the listing of 
our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market effective in June 2021 
(the “IPO”), and an active trading market may not develop at 
the rate and volume expected which may impact investors’ 
ability to sell our ADSs.

•  We are subject to payment-related risks and, if our advertisers 
do not pay or dispute their invoices, our business, financial 
condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

•  If we do not meet the expectations of equity research analysts, 
if they do not publish research or reports about our business 
or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our 
ADSs, the price of our ADSs and trading volume could decline.

•  Any future acquisitions or strategic investments could be 
difficult to integrate, divert the attention of management, 
and could disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value and 
adversely affect our business, results of operations and 
financial condition.

•  We are a party to a credit agreement which contains a 
number of covenants that may restrict our current and 
future operations and could adversely affect our ability to 
execute business needs.

•  The dual listing of our ordinary shares and our ADSs may 
adversely affect the liquidity and value of our ordinary 
shares and ADSs.

•  We qualify as an emerging growth company, as defined in 
the Securities Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced 
disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth 
companies will make our ADSs less attractive to investors 
because we may rely on these reduced disclosure 
requirements.

Risks Relating to Legal or Regulatory Constraints
•  We are subject to regulation with respect to political 

advertising, which lacks clarity and uniformity.

•  We are subject to laws and regulations related to data 
privacy, data protection and information security and 
consumer protection across different markets where we 
conduct our business, including in the United States, the 
European Economic Area (“EEA”) and the United Kingdom 
and industry requirements and such laws, regulations and 
industry requirements are constantly evolving and 
changing.

•  We are foreign private issuer and, as a result, we will not be 

subject to U.S. proxy rules and will be subject to Exchange Act 
reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient 
and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public 
company.

•  We may lose our “foreign private issuer” status in the future, 

which could result in significant additional costs and 
expenses.

•  The market price of our ADSs could be negatively affected 

by future issuances and sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

•  If publishers, buyers, and data providers do not obtain 

necessary and requisite consents from consumers for us to 
process their personal data, we could be subject to fines 
and liability.

•  We cannot guarantee that we will repurchase any of our 
ordinary shares pursuant to our announced repurchase 
plan or that our repurchase plan will enhance long-term 
shareholder value.

•  We generally do not have a direct relationship with 

consumers who view advertisements placed through our 
platform, so we may not be able to disclaim liabilities from 
such consumers through terms of use on our platform.

•  There can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a 
passive foreign investment company, which could result in 
adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to United 
States Holders of our ADSs.

•  We face potential liability and harm to our business based 

on the nature of our business and the content on our 
platform and we are, and may be in the future, involved in 
commercial disputes with counterparties with whom we do 
business.

•  We are subject to anti-bribery, anti-corruption and similar 

laws and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to 
criminal penalties or significant fines and harm our business 
and reputation.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

•  If a United States person is treated as owning at least 10% of 
our shares (by vote or value), such holder may be subject to 
adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

•  We have broad discretion over the use of proceeds we 

received in our IPO and may not apply the proceeds in ways 
that increase the value of your investment.

•  We incur increased costs as a result of operating as a U.S. 

listed public company, and our management is required to 
devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and 
corporate governance practices.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Our business model enables us to invest into our research 
and development efforts, which have helped grow our 
business. Our platform is extremely efficient at managing 
large amounts of complex data and is leveraged by both our 
advertisers and publishers in real time. We are committed to 
innovative technologies and rapid introduction of enhanced 
functionalities to support the dynamic needs of our advertisers 
and publishers. We therefore expect technology and 
development expense to increase as we continue to invest in 
our platform to support increased volume of advertising 
spend and our international expansion.

•  Because we may not pay any cash dividends on our ADSs in 

the future, capital appreciation, if any, may be holders of 
ADSs sole source of gains and they may never receive a 
return on their investment.

•  Securities traded on AIM may carry a higher risk than 

securities traded on other exchanges, which may impact the 
value of your investment.

•  You may not be able to exercise your right to vote the 

ordinary shares underlying your ADSs.

•  Holders of the ADSs are not able to exercise the preemptive 
subscription rights related to the ordinary shares that they 
represent and may suffer dilution of their equity holding in 
the event of future issuances of our ordinary shares.

•  Holders of ADSs may not receive distributions on our ordinary 
shares in the form of ADSs or any value for them if it is illegal 
or impractical to make them available to holders of ADSs.

•  ADS holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to 
claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could 
result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any 
such action.

•  Holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares have limited choice of 

forum, which could limit your ability to obtain a favorable 
judicial forum for complaints against us, the depositary or 
our respective directors, officers or employees.

•  Holders of ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfer of 

their ADSs.

•  Exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations 

could negatively impact our results of operations.

•  A small number of significant beneficial owners of our 

shares have significant influence over matters requiring 
shareholder approval, which could delay or prevent a 
change of control.

Our technology and development team is mainly based in 
the United States and Israel and is comprised of 252 employees. 

Research and development expenses were $49.7 million,  
$33.7 million and $18.4 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively, and accounted for17.3%, 14.7%, and 9.4% of our 
operating expenses in 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect the 
proprietary methods and technologies that we develop or 
otherwise acquire. We rely on a combination of patent, 
trademark, copyright, trade secret laws, confidentiality 
procedures and contractual provisions to protect our 
proprietary methods and technologies and own more than 
50 patents.

We recently rebranded our Company’s various businesses 
under the name “nexxen” and associated Nexxen logo, in 
order to further promote our unified service and product 
offerings. The Company has been working on this rebranding 
in its public facing assets. The Company has already 
obtained international trademark registration for these 
trademarks. The Company has also received Notices of 
Publication from the United States and Australian Trademark 
Offices for our U.S. and Australian Trademark Applications on 
“nexxen” and the nexxen logo. The Company is actively 
prosecuting similar trademark applications in Canada, China, 
the European Union, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Singapore, and the 
United Kingdom. The Company also uses and actively 
protects other trademarks in various jurisdictions and holds 
trademark registrations for the Perk mark in the United States 
and the Perk logo in Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, 
and WIPO.

We generally enter into confidentiality and/or license 
agreements with our employees, consultants, vendors and 
advertisers, and we generally limit access to, and distribution 
of, our proprietary information. We intend to pursue additional 
intellectual property protection to the extent we believe it 
would be beneficial and cost effective.

30

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

31

 
 
GOVERNANCE

Directors’ Report
continued

Compensation Report

SHARE CAPITAL AND SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS

DIRECTORS’ COMPENSATION

Details of the share capital of the Company as at 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements.

At May 14, 2024, the total issued and outstanding number of Ordinary Shares were 139,111,318 and 56,231,353 Ordinary Shares 
were held in treasury as dormant shares. The following held 3% or more of the ordinary share capital of Nexxen:

Shareholder

Mithaq Capital 
Toscafund Asset Management 
Schroder Investment Management 
News Corp 
Lombard Odier Asset Management (Europe) Limited 
JB Capital Partners 
Hargreaves Lansdown Asset Management 
Interactive Investor 
River & Mercantile Asset Management 

%

25.8%
13.8%
10.3%
6.1%
5.0%
4.0%
3.7%
3.5%
3.5%

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
Somekh Chaikin, a member firm of KPMG International (“KPMG”), located in Tel Aviv, Israel (PCAOB ID No. 1057), has served as our 
independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The following are KPMG 
fees for professional services in each of the respective years:

Audit Fees(1)
Audit-related fees(2)
Tax fees

Total

Year ending December 31

2023 
$’000

826
–
281

1,107

2022 
$’000

842
130
288

1,260

(1)  “Audit fees” are the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements 
or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

(2) “Audit-related fees” are the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the 
performance of the audit and are not reported under audit fees. These fees primarily consist of accounting consultations 
regarding the accounting treatment of matters that occur in the regular course of business, implications of new accounting 
pronouncements and other accounting issues that occur from time to time.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The advance approval of our audit committee or members thereof, to whom approval authority has been delegated, is 
required for all audit and non-audit services provided by our auditors. 

Our audit committee has adopted a pre-approval policy for the engagement of our independent accountant to perform 
certain audit and non-audit services. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to assure that such engagements do not 
impair the independence of our auditors, the audit committee pre-approves annually a catalog of specific audit and 
non-audit services in the categories of audit service, audit-related service and tax services that may be performed by our 
independent accountants.

The Board recognises that Directors’ Compensation is of legitimate interest to the shareholders. The Company operates within 
a competitive environment, performance depends on the individual contributions of the Directors and employees and it 
believes in rewarding vision and innovation. As an Israeli company listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange and 
the NASDAQ, the Company is not required to comply with the requirements of Schedule 8 to the Large and Medium-sized 
Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008.

POLICY ON DIRECTORS’ COMPENSATION

The policy of the Board is to provide executive compensation packages designed to attract, motivate and retain Directors of 
the caliber necessary to maintain the Company’s position. It aims to provide sufficient levels of compensation to do this, but to 
avoid paying more than is necessary. The compensation will also reflect the Director’s responsibilities.

COMPENSATION OF EXECUTIVES AND OTHER MANAGERS 

Aggregate Compensation of Office Holders 
The aggregate compensation, including share-based compensation, paid by us and our subsidiaries to our executive officers 
and directors for the year ended December 31, 2023 was approximately $13.5 million. This amount includes approximately $0.2 
million set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses, but does not include 
business travel, relocation, professional and business association dues and expenses reimbursed to office holders, and other 
benefits commonly reimbursed or paid by companies in Israel.

As of December 31, 2023, 1,602,500 RSUs and PSUs granted to our executive officers and directors were outstanding under our 
equity incentive plans. 

Compensation Disclosure in Accordance with Israeli Law 
The table below is required under applicable Israeli Law and sets forth the compensation earned by our five most highly 
compensated office holders during or with respect to the year ended December 31, 2023. We refer to the five individuals for 
whom disclosure is provided herein as our “Covered Executives.” For purposes of the table and the summary below, “compensation” 
includes base salary, bonuses, equity-based compensation, retirement or termination payments, and any benefits or 
perquisites such as car, phone and social benefits, as well as any undertaking to provide such compensation in the future.

Summary Compensation Table

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Name and Principal Position(2)

Based Salary

Benefits and 
Prerequisites(3)

Variable 
Compensation(4)

Equity-Based 
Compensation(5)

Total

Information Regarding Covered Executives(1)

Ofer Druker 
Chief Executive Officer

Yaniv Carmi 
Chief Operating Officer

Sagi Niri  
Chief Financial Officer

Chance Lee Johnson 
Chief Commercial Officer

Tal Mor  
Chief Technology Officer

720,000

76,291

468,000

5,908,292

7,173,213

600,000

73,491

312,000

2,612,659

3,598,150

324,367

91,613

195,000

2,088,681

2,699,661

350,000

62,129

328,186

489,491

1,229,806

256,250

54,228

227,500

629,715

1,167,693

(1)   In accordance with Israeli law, all amounts reported in the table are in terms of cost to the Company, as recorded in our 

audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

(2)  All current officers listed in the table are full-time employees. Cash compensation amounts denominated in currencies 

other than the U.S. dollar were converted into U.S. dollars at the average conversion rate for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

(3)   Amounts reported in this column include benefits and perquisites, including those mandated by applicable law. Such 
benefits and perquisites may include, to the extent applicable to each executive, payments, contributions and/or 
allocations for savings funds, pension, severance, vacation, car or car allowance, medical insurances and benefits, risk 
insurances (such as life, disability and accident insurances), convalescence pay, payments for Medicare and social 
security, tax gross-up payments and other benefits and perquisites consistent with our guidelines, regardless of whether 
such amounts have actually been paid to the executive 

(4)  Amounts reported in this column refer to variable compensation such as earned commissions, incentives and earned or 

paid bonuses as recorded in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

(5)  Amounts reported in this column represent the expense recorded in our audited consolidated financial statements for the 

year ended December 31, 2023 with respect to equity-based compensation, reflecting also equity awards made in 
previous years which have vested during the current year. Assumptions and key variables used in the calculation of such 
amounts are described in Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in this Annual Report.

32

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

33

 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

Compensation Report
continued

Executive Officers
Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director. Ofer Druker, our Chief Executive Officer and executive director, currently receives 
an annual base salary of $720,000, and he is eligible to an annual bonus equal to up to 100% of his annual base salary (or 
$720,000), subject to compliance with annual performance criteria to be determined by the compensation committee each year. 

In 2021, our compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders approved to grant to Mr. Druker, effective upon 
completion of the IPO, 2,625,000 RSUs and 1,125,000 PSUs pursuant to our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The RSUs 
vest gradually over a period of three years, with 8.33% of the grant vesting each quarter, subject to Mr. Druker continuing to be 
employed by the group on the applicable vesting date. The PSUs vest gradually over a period of three years, with 33.33% of 
each grant vesting each year, subject to (i) Mr. Druker continuing to be employed by the group on the applicable vesting date, 
and (ii) compliance with performance-based metrics as determined by the compensation committee. The vesting of the RSUs 
and PSUs shall accelerate in full automatically upon the consummation of a change in control of the Company. Mr. Druker was 
not granted any equity awards in 2022 or 2023. 

Chief Operating Officer and Executive Director. Yaniv Carmi, our Chief Operating Officer and executive director, has a current 
annual base salary of $600,000, and he is eligible to an annual bonus equal to up to 80% of his annual base salary (or 
$480,000), subject to compliance with annual performance criteria to be determined by the compensation committee each 
year. Mr. Carmi is entitled to a special bonus of £300,000 (or $381,939) in the event of a company sale (or a pro rata portion in 
the case of a partial sale). 

In 2021, our compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders approved to grant to Mr. Carmi, effective upon the 
IPO, 1,155,000 RSUs and 495,000 PSUs pursuant to our 2017 Plan. The RSUs vest gradually over a period of three years, with 8.33% 
of the grant vesting each quarter, subject to Mr. Carmi continuing to be employed by the group on the applicable vesting date. 
The PSUs vest gradually over a period of three years, with 33.33% of each grant vesting each year, subject to (i) Mr. Carmi 
continuing to be employed by the group on the applicable vesting date, and (ii) compliance with performance-based metrics 
as determined by the compensation committee. The vesting of the RSUs and PSUs shall accelerate in full automatically upon 
the consummation of a change in control of the Company. Mr. Carmi was not granted any equity awards in 2022 or 2023. 

Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director. Sagi Niri, our Chief Financial Officer and executive director, has a current annual 
base salary of NIS 1,200,000 (approximately $324,367), and he is eligible to an annual bonus equal to up to 92% of his annual 
base salary (or $300,000), subject to compliance with annual performance criteria to be determined by the compensation 
committee each year. In 2021, our compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders approved to grant to Mr. Niri, 
effective upon the completion of the IPO, 945,000 RSUs and 405,000 PSUs pursuant to our Global Share Incentive Plan (2011), as 
amended (the “2011 Plan”). The RSUs vest gradually over a period of three years, with 8.33% of the grant vesting each quarter, 
subject to Mr. Niri continuing to be employed by the group on the applicable vesting date. The PSUs vest gradually over a 
period of three years, with 33.33% of each grant vesting each year, subject to (i) Mr. Niri continuing to be employed by the group 
on the applicable vesting date, and (ii) compliance with performance-based metrics as determined by the compensation 
committee. The vesting of the RSUs and PSUs shall accelerate in full automatically upon the consummation of a change in 
control of the Company. Mr. Niri was not granted any equity awards in 2022 or 2023. 

Non-Executive Directors 
We currently pay the chairman of our board of directors an annual cash retainer of £150,000 (approximately $187,080) and 
each of our other nonexecutive directors an annual cash retainer of £43,000 (approximately $53,629). In addition, we pay the 
chair of our audit committee an annual cash retainer of $18,000 and the chair of our compensation committee an annual 
cash retainer of £7,000 (approximately $8,730), and we pay our senior non-executive director, Neil Jones, an additional annual 
cash retainer of £5,000 (approximately $6,236).

EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS

2011 Equity Incentive Plan 
We maintain the 2011 Plan, under which we may grant equity-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain the talent 
for which we compete. 

The 2011 Plan is administered by our board of directors with the assistance of the compensation committee, and provides for 
the grant of options, restricted shares and restricted share units. 

The 2011 Plan provides for granting awards under various tax regimes, including, without limitation, in compliance with Section 
102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version), 5721-1961 (the “Ordinance”). Section 102 of the Ordinance allows 
employees, directors and officers who are not controlling shareholders and are considered Israeli residents to receive 
favorable tax treatment for compensation in the form of shares, restricted share units or options, subject to the terms and 
conditions set forth in the Ordinance. Our non-employee service providers and controlling shareholders may only be granted 
awards under section 3(i) of the Ordinance, which does not provide for similar tax benefits. 

2017 Equity Incentive Plan 
We maintain the 2017 Plan under which we may grant equity-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain the talent 
for which we compete. 

The 2017 Plan is administered by our board of directors with the assistance of the compensation committee. 

The 2017 Plan provides for granting awards under various tax regimes, including, without limitation, awards granted to our 
United States employees or service providers, including those who are deemed to be residents of the United States for tax 
purposes, Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”) and Section 409A of the IRC. 

The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock options (including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options), 
restricted shares, restricted share units, performance bonus awards, performance units and performance shares. Options 
granted under the 2017 Plan to our employees who are U.S. residents may qualify as “incentive stock options” within the 
meaning of Section 422 of the IRC, or may be non-qualified stock options. 

On December 27, 2023, our shareholders approved (i) an increase of 1,250,000 ordinary shares to the share reserve of the 2011 
Plan, and (ii) an increase of 3,750,000 ordinary shares to the share reserve of the 2017 Plan. 

As of December 31, 2023, a total of 3,705,228 options to purchase ordinary shares, with a weighted average exercise price of 
£6.21 ($7.91) per share and 2,973,572 RSUs and PSUs were outstanding under the 2011 Plan and 2017 Plan, collectively. As of 
December 31, 2023, 6,202,712 ordinary shares were available for future issuance under the 2011 Plan and 2017 Plan, collectively. 

In connection with the SpearAd acquisition in October 2021, we issued the sellers 370,000 restricted share awards subject to 
time and performance vesting criteria. As of December 31, 2023, 69,999 of such restricted share awards were outstanding. The 
restricted share awards were not issued as part of the Company’s equity incentive plans.

NEW GRANTS DURING THE PERIOD 

During 2023, the Group granted 0 thousand share options and 497 thousand Restricted Share Units (RSUs) and Performance 
Stock Units (PSUs) to its executive officers and employees from outstanding awards under Nexxen’s equity incentive plans.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Director

Ofer Druker*
Yaniv Carmi**
Sagi Niri***

  * Ofer Druker: 1,250,000 RSU/PSU vested during 2023

  **  Yaniv Carmi: 550,000 RSU/PSU vested during 2023

 ***  Sagi Niri: 520,000 RSU/PSU vested during 2023

DIRECTORS’ AND RELATED PARTIES INTERESTS

As of May 14 2024:

Number of
 RSU/ PSU 
granted

Total number of 
RSU/PSU held as 
of May 14 2024

0
0
0

593,750
261,250
283,750

Ofer Druker
Yaniv Carmi
Sagi Niri
Joanna Parnell
Neil Jones
Christopher Stibbs
Rebekah Brooks
Norman Johnston
Lisa Klinger
Daniel Kerstein 
Rhys Summerton

Number of 
ordinary shares

Number of 
ordinary shares 
under option, 
RSUs and PSUs

Percentage 
holding of Total 
Voting Rights

Percentage 
holding on a fully 
diluted basis

4,416,379
2,050,787
1,443,900
Nil
8,000
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

593,750
261,250
283,750
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

3.17%
1.47%
1.04%
Nil
0.01%
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

3.37%
1.56%
1.16%
Nil
0.01%
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil

34

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

35

 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Statements

USE OF NON-IFRS FINANCIAL INFORMATION

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to our IFRS results, we review certain non-IFRS financial measures to help us evaluate our business, measure our 
performance, identify trends affecting our business, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of investments in our 
technology and development and sales and marketing, and assess our operational efficiencies. These non-IFRS measures 
include Contribution ex-TAC, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Non-IFRS Net Income, and Non-IFRS Earnings per share, 
each of which is discussed below.

These non-IFRS financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation from, as substitutes for, or as superior to, the 
corresponding financial measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and 
review the reconciliation of these non-IFRS financial measures to their most comparable IFRS measures, and the reasons we 
consider them appropriate. It is important to note that the particular items we exclude from, or include in, our non-IFRS 
financial measures may differ from the items excluded from, or included in, similar non-IFRS financial measures used by other 
companies. See “Reconciliation of Revenue to Contribution ex-TAC,” “Reconciliation of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) to 
Adjusted EBITDA,” and “Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Non-IFRS Net Income,” included as part of this press release.

•  Contribution ex-TAC: Contribution ex-TAC for Nexxen is defined as gross profit plus depreciation and amortization 

attributable to cost of revenues and cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) minus the Performance 
media cost (“traffic acquisition costs” or “TAC”). Performance media cost represents the costs of purchases of impressions 
from publishers on a cost-per-thousand impression basis in our non-core Performance activities. Contribution ex-TAC is a 
supplemental measure of our financial performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, IFRS. 
Contribution ex-TAC should not be considered as an alternative to gross profit as a measure of financial performance. 
Contribution ex-TAC is a non-IFRS financial measure and should not be viewed in isolation. We believe Contribution ex-TAC is 
a useful measure in assessing the performance of Nexxen, because it facilitates a consistent comparison against our core 
business without considering the impact of traffic acquisition costs related to revenue reported on a gross basis. 

•  Adjusted EBITDA: We define Adjusted EBITDA for Nexxen as total comprehensive income (loss) for the period adjusted for 

foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations, foreign currency translation for subsidiary sold reclassified to 
profit and loss, financing expenses (income), net, tax expenses, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, 
restructuring, acquisition-related costs and other expenses, net. Adjusted EBITDA is included in the press release because it is 
a key metric used by management and our board of directors to assess our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is 
frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. Management 
believes that Adjusted EBITDA is an appropriate measure of operating performance because it eliminates the impact of 
expenses that do not relate directly to the performance of the underlying business.

• Adjusted EBITDA Margin: We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA on a Contribution ex-TAC basis.

•  Non-IFRS Income (Loss) and Non-IFRS Earnings (Loss) per Share: We define non-IFRS earnings (loss) per share as non-IFRS 

income (loss) divided by non-IFRS weighted-average shares outstanding. Non-IFRS income (loss) is equal to net income 
(loss) excluding stock-based compensation, and cash- and non-cash-based acquisition and related expenses, including 
amortization of acquired intangible assets, merger-related severance costs, and transaction expenses. In periods in which 
we have non-IFRS income, non-IFRS weighted-average shares outstanding used to calculate non-IFRS earnings per share 
includes the impact of potentially dilutive shares. Potentially dilutive shares consist of stock options, restricted stock awards, 
restricted stock units, and performance stock units, each computed using the treasury stock method. We believe non-IFRS 
earnings (loss) per share is useful to investors in evaluating our ongoing operational performance and our trends on a per 
share basis, and also facilitates comparison of our financial results on a per share basis with other companies, many of 
which present a similar non-IFRS measure. However, a potential limitation of our use of non-IFRS earnings (loss) per share is 
that other companies may define non-IFRS earnings per share differently, which may make comparison difficult. This 
measure may also exclude expenses that may have a material impact on our reported financial results. Non-IFRS earnings 
(loss) per share is a performance measure and should not be used as a measure of liquidity. Because of these limitations, we 
also consider the comparable IFRS measure of net income.

We do not provide a reconciliation of forward-looking non-IFRS financial metrics, because reconciling information is not 
available without an unreasonable effort, such as attempting to make assumptions that cannot reasonably be made on a 
forward-looking basis to determine the corresponding IFRS metric.

The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as 
stipulated under the Market Abuse

This annual report contains forward-looking statements, including forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 
27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the United States Securities and Exchange Act of 
1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” 
“can,” “will,” “estimates,” and other similar expressions. However, these words are not the only way Nexxen identifies forward-
looking statements. All statements contained in this annual report that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be 
considered forward-looking statements, including without limitation statements regarding anticipated financial results for full 
year 2024 and beyond; anticipated benefits of Nexxen’s strategic transactions and commercial partnerships; anticipated 
features and benefits of Nexxen’s products and service offerings; Nexxen’s positioning for accelerated growth and continued 
future growth in both the US and international markets in 2024 and beyond; Nexxen’s medium- to long-term prospects; 
management’s belief that Nexxen is well-positioned to benefit from future industry growth trends and Company-specific 
catalysts; the Company’s expectations with respect to Video revenue; the potential negative impact of ongoing macroeconomic 
headwinds and uncertainty that have limited advertising activity and the anticipation that these challenges could continue to 
have an impact for the remainder of 2024 and beyond; the Company’s plans with respect to its cash reserves and its intent to 
not undertake any major acquisitions in the near-term; its continued focus in 2024 on expanding its base of end-to-end 
customers, growing data licensing revenue and expanding its streaming, TV, and agency partnerships to drive growth and 
increased profitability; the expectation of launching its TV Intelligence solution in additional major international markets in 
2024, enhancing and expanding the Company’s international CTV growth opportunity; the anticipated benefits from the 
Company’s investment in VIDAA and its enhanced strategic relationship with Hisense; the anticipated benefits of the 
rebranding of the Tremor group to Nexxen, and the Company’s plans with respect thereto, as well as any other statements 
related to Nexxen’s future financial results and operating performance. These statements are neither promises nor guarantees 
but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause Nexxen’s actual results, 
performance or achievements to be materially different from its expectations expressed or implied by the forward-looking 
statements, including, but not limited to, the following: negative global economic conditions; global conflicts and war, 
including the current terrorist attacks by Hamas, and the war and hostilities between Israel and Hamas and Israel and 
Hezbollah, and how those conditions may adversely impact Nexxen’s business, customers, and the markets in which Nexxen 
competes; changes in industry trends; the risk that Nexxen will not realize the anticipated benefits of its acquisition of Amobee 
and strategic investment in VIDAA; and, other negative developments in Nexxen’s business or unfavourable legislative or 
regulatory developments. Nexxen cautions you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. For a more 
detailed discussion of these factors, and other factors that could cause actual results to vary materially, interested parties 
should review the risk factors listed in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, filed with the U.S. Securities and 
Exchange Commission (www.sec.gov) on March 6, 2024. Any forward-looking statements made by Nexxen in this annual 
report speak only as of the date of this annual report, and Nexxen does not intend to update these forward-looking statements 
after the date of this annual report, except as required by law.

Nexxen, and the Nexxen logo are trademarks of Nexxen International Ltd. in the United States and other countries. All other 
trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word “partner” or “partnership” in this annual report 
does not mean a legal partner or legal partnership.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

36

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

37

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Statements
continued

Auditors’ Report to the Shareholders of Nexxen International Ltd. 
(Formerly -Tremor International Ltd.)

Reconciliation of Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA

Total comprehensive income (loss)

Foreign currency translation differences 

for foreign operation

Foreign currency translation for subsidiary sold 

reclassified to profit and loss

Tax expenses
Financial expense (income), net
Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Acquisition related costs 
Restructuring
Other expense 

2023
$’000

5,341

2022
$’000

9,796

%

2023
$’000

2022
$’000

%

(45%)

(18,127)

16,238

(212%)

(2,114)

(4,735)

(2,126)

6,499

–
6,487
(105)
21,047
1,386
–
–
–

–
5,040
717
17,184
7,986
93
307
540

(1,234)

–
2,503
2,008
78,285
19,169
171
796
1,765

19,688
2,327
42,700
50,505
6,085
307
540

Adjusted EBITDA

32,042

36,928

(13%)

83,210

144,889

(43%)

Reconciliation of Revenue to Contribution ex-TAC 

2023
$’000

2022
$’000

%

2023
$’000

2022
$’000

Revenues

95,916

107,697

(11%)

331,993

335,250

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and

amortization)

(17,886)

(17,265)

(62,270)

(60,745)

Depreciation and amortization attributable

 to Cost of Revenues

(13,682)

(11,810)

(50,825)

(25,367)

Gross profit (IFRS)

64,348

78,622

(18%)

218,898

Depreciation and amortization attributable 

to Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation 

and amortization)

Performance media cost

13,682

11,810

50,825

17,886
(5,392)

17,265
(4,695)

62,270
(17,810)

60,745
(25,524)

249,138
25,367

(12%)

Somekh Chaikin
17 Ha’arba’a Street, PO Box 609
KPMG Millennium Tower
Tel Aviv 6100601, Israel
+972 3 684 8000

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Nexxen International Ltd. and its 
subsidiaries (formerly Tremor International and hereinafter – “the Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the 
related consolidated statements of operation and other comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity and 
statements of cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023. These financial statements are 
the responsibility of the Company’s Board of Director and of its Management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in Israel, including standards prescribed 
by the Auditors Regulations (Manner of Auditor’s Performance) – 1973. Such standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes 
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also 
includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by Management, as well as evaluating the 
overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated 
financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and their results of operations, 
changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

%

(1%)

Somekh Chaikin
Member Firm of KPMG International

March 6, 2024

Contribution ex-TAC (Non-IFRS)

90,524

103,002

(12%)

314,183

309,726

1%

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Non-IFRS Net Income 

Net Income (loss)

Acquisition related costs
Amortization of acquired intangibles
Restructuring
Stock-based compensation expense
Other expense 
Tax effect of Non-IFRS adjustments(1)

2023
$’000

3,227
–
14,931
–
1,386
–
(5,086)

2022
$’000

5,061
93
8,496
307
7,986
540
(262)

%

(36%)

2023
$’000

(21,487)
171
42,952
796
19,169
1,765
(11,153)

2022 
$’000

22,737
6,085
20,768
307
50,505
540
(9,130)

%

(195%)

Non-IFRS Income 

14,458

22,221

(35%)

32,213

91,812

(65%)

Weighted average shares outstanding—diluted 

(in millions)(2)

Non-IFRS diluted Earnings Per Share (in USD)

147.5

0.10

147.6

0.15

145.2

0.22

153.1

0.60

(35%)

(63%)

(1)   Non-IFRS income includes the estimated tax impact from the expense items reconciling between net income (loss) and non-IFRS income 
(2)  Non-IFRS earnings per share is computed using the same weighted-average number of shares that are used to compute IFRS earnings per share 

38

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

39

KPMG Somekh Chaikin, an Israeli partnership and a member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with 
KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee

 
 
  
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
as at 31 December 2023 

Consolidated Statements of Operation  
and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
as at 31 December 2023 

Note

2003
$’000

2022
$’000

Note

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

2021 
$’000

Assets
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables, net
Other receivables
Current tax assets

Total current assets

Fixed assets, net
Right-of-use assets
Intangible assets, net
Deferred tax assets
Investment in shares
Other long-term assets 

Total non-current assets

Total assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Liabilities:
Current maturities of lease liabilities
Trade payables
Other payables
Current tax liabilities

Total current liabilities

Employee benefits
Long-term lease liabilities
Long-term debt
Other long-term liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Shareholders’ equity:
Share capital
Share premium
Other comprehensive loss
Retained earnings

Total shareholders’ equity

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Date of approval of the financial statements: March 6, 2024.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

10
8
8

5
6
7
4
18

6
9
9

6
11

4

15

234,308
201,973
8,293
7,010

451,584

21,401
31,900
362,000
12,393
25,000
525

217,500
219,837
23,415
750

461,502

29,874
23,122
398,096
18,161
25,000
406

453,219

494,659

904,803

956,161

12,106
183,296
29,098
4,937

14,104
212,690
44,355
9,417

229,437

280,566

237
24,955
99,072
6,800
754

131,818

238
15,234
98,544
8,802
1,162

123,980

361,255

404,546

417
410,563
(2,441)
135,009

543,548

904,803

413
400,507
(5,801)
156,496

551,615

956,161

Revenues
Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of depreciation and amortization

shown separately below)

Research and development expenses
Selling and marketing expenses
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and amortization 
Other expenses (income), net

Total operating costs

Operating Profit (loss) 

Financing income
Financing expenses

Financing expenses, net

Profit (loss) before taxes on income
Tax benefit (expenses) 

Profit (loss) for the year

Other comprehensive income (loss) items:
Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations
Foreign currency translation for subsidiary sold reclassified to profit and loss

Total other comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Earnings per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share (in USD)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in USD)

12

13

14

4

16
16

331,993

335,250

341,945

62,270
49,684
105,914
51,051
78,285
1,765

60,745
33,659
89,953
68,005
42,700
(4,564)

71,651
18,422
74,611
63,499
40,259
(959)

286,699

229,753

195,832

(16,976)

44,752

74,462

(8,192)
10,200

2,008

(18,984)
(2,503)

(2,284)
4,611

2,327

42,425
(19,688)

(21,487)

22,737

2,126
1,234

3,360

(18,127)

(0.15)
(0.15)

(6,499)
–

(6,499)

16,238

0.15
0.15

(483)
2,670

2,187

72,275
948

73,223

(2,632)
–

(2,632)

70,591

0.51
0.48

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

40

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

41

 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
as at 31 December 2023 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
as at 31 December 2023 

Balance as of January 1, 2021
Total Comprehensive income (loss) for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss: 
Foreign currency translation

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the year

Transactions with owners, recognized directly in equity
Revaluation of liability for put option on 

non-controlling interests

Own shares acquired
Share based compensation
Exercise of share options
Issuance of shares 
Issuance of Restricted shares

Share 
capital 
$’000

Share 
premium 
$’000

380

264,831

Other 
com-
prehensive 
income (loss) 

$’000

3,330

Retained 
Earnings 
$’000

Total 
$’000

60,472

329,013

–

–

–

–
(3)
–
17
47
1

–

–

–

–
(6,640)
41,822
1,353
136,111
(1)

–

73,223

73,223

(2,632)

–

(2,632)

(2,632)

73,223

70,591

–
–
–
–
–
–

64
–
–
–
–
–

64
(6,643)
41,822
1,370
136,158
–

Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit (loss) for the year
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and amortization
Net financing expense 
Loss from disposals of fixed and intangible assets
Loss (gain) on leases modification
Loss (gain) on sale of business unit
Share-based compensation and restricted shares
Tax (benefit) expense 
Change in trade and other receivables
Change in trade and other payables
Change in employee benefits
Income taxes received
Income taxes paid
Interest received
Interest paid

2023 
$’000

2022
$’000

2021 
$’000

(21,487)

22,737 

73,223 

78,285
1,699
2
119
1,765
19,169
2,503
30,603
(43,077)
(1)
352
(8,721)
8,016
(8,486)

42,700 
2,147 
542
56
–
50,505 
19,688 
57,050 
(100,145)
(179)
1,175 
(14,784)
2,103 
(587)

40,259 
2,023 
–
(377)
(982)
42,818 
(948)
(11,676)
26,845 
(69)
2,231 
(3,185)
496 
(570)

Balance as of December 31, 2021

442

437,476

698

133,759

572,375

Net cash provided by operating activities 

60,741

83,008 

170,088 

Total Comprehensive Income (loss) for the year
Profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss: 
Foreign Currency Translation 

Total comprehensive Income (loss) for the year

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

22,737

22,737

(6,499)

–

(6,499)

(6,499)

22,737

16,238

Transactions with owners, recognized directly in equity
Own shares acquired
Share based compensation
Exercise of share options

(50)
–
21

(86,202)
47,049
2,184

–
–
–

–
–
–

(86,252)
47,049
2,205

Balance as of December 31, 2022

413

400,507

(5,801)

156,496

551,615

Total Comprehensive Income (loss) for the year
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive income: 
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation for subsidiary sold 

Total comprehensive Income (loss) for the year

Transactions with owners, recognized directly in equity
Own shares acquired
Share based compensation
Exercise of share options

–

–
–

–

(8)
–
12

–

–
–

–

–

(21,487)

(21,487)

2,126
1,234

–
–

2,126
1,234

3,360

(21,487)

(18,127)

(9,306)
19,141
221

–
–
–

–
–
–

(9,314)
19,141
233

Balance as of December 31, 2023

417

410,563

(2,441)

135,009

543,548

Cash flows from investing activities
Change in pledged deposits, net
Payments on finance lease receivable
Repayment of long-term loans
Acquisition of fixed assets
Acquisition and capitalization of intangible assets 
Proceeds from sale of business unit
Investment in shares
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

1,498
1,112
51
(4,495)
(15,126)
–
–
–

(213)
1,306 
–
(6,433)
(8,750)
1,180 
(25,000)
(195,084)

(11)
2,454 
–
(3,378)
(4,966)
415 
–
(11,001)

Net cash used in investing activities 

(16,960)

(232,994)

 (16,487)

Cash flows from financing activities
Acquisition of own shares
Proceeds from exercise of share options
Leases repayment
Issuance of shares, net of issuance cost
Receipt of long-term debt, net of transaction cost
Payment of financial liability

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of the beginning of year
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of the end of year

(9,518)
233
(17,262)
–
–
–

(86,048)
2,205 
(12,018)
–
98,917
–

(6,643)
1,370 
(10,009)
134,558 
–
(2,414)

(26,547)

3,056

 116,862 

17,234

(146,930)

270,463 

217,500
(426)

367,717
 (3,287)

 97,463 
 (209)

234,308

217,500

367,717

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

42

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

43

 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 

1.   GENERAL

2.   BASIS OF PREPARATION continued

a.  Reporting entity:
Nexxen International Ltd. (the “Company” or “Nexxen International”), formerly known as Tremor International Ltd., was incorporated 
in Israel under the laws of the State of Israel on March 20, 2007. The ordinary shares of the Company are listed on the AIM 
Market of the London Stock Exchange and the American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each of which represents two ordinary 
shares of the Company, represented by the American Depositary Receipts (“ADR”) are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The 
address of the registered office is 82 Yigal Alon Street Tel-Aviv, 6789124, Israel.

Nexxen International is a global Company offering a unified data-driven end-to-end software platform that supports a wide 
range of media types (e.g., video, display, etc.) and devices (e.g., mobile, Connected TVs, streaming devices, desktop, etc.), 
creating an efficient marketplace where advertisers (buyers) are able to purchase high quality advertising inventory from 
publishers (sellers) in real-time and at scale. Nexxen International’s technology stack is comprised of a Demand Side Platform 
(“DSP”), Supply-Side Platform (“SSP”), Ad Server, and Data Management Platform (“DMP”), empowering customers on both the 
buy- and sell-sides of the ecosystem to leverage a full suite of data-driven planning and technology solutions to achieve 
greater efficiency, effectiveness, and outcomes in their advertising efforts. The Company’s DSP solution is delivered through 
wholly owned subsidiary Nexxen Inc. (formerly known as Amobee Inc. and which also includes Tremor Video Inc.’s activity that 
was transferred to Nexxen Inc. in 2023) and is designed to assist customers in a self-managed or full-service capacity to plan 
and execute digital marketing campaigns in real-time across various ad formats. The Company’s SSP solution (delivered 
through Nexxen Group LLC, formerly known as Unruly Group, LLC) is designed to monetize digital inventory for publishers by 
enabling their content to have the necessary code and requirements for programmatic advertising integration, and provides 
access to significant amounts of data and unique demand to drive more effective inventory management and revenue 
optimization. The Company’s “DMP” integrates both its DSP and SSP solutions, enabling advertisers and publishers to use data 
from various sources, including web, social media, Connected TV and linear TV, and mobile devices, to optimize results of their 
advertising campaigns. Following the acquisition of Nexxen Inc., the Company gained a Linear TV Planning feature, enabling 
sellers at national broadcasters to generate linear TV plans during and after upfronts. Nexxen International Ltd. is 
headquartered in Israel and maintains offices throughout the U.S., Canada, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. 

On June 12, 2023, the Company initially rebranded all of its core products and platforms under the unified Nexxen brand. On 
January 2, 2024, the Company’s name was officially changed to Nexxen International Ltd. and, in connection with the change, 
its stock ticker on both the NASDAQ and London Stock Exchange changed from “TRMR” to “NEXN”. The Company believes 
rebranding and unifying under Nexxen has enhanced its commercial focus, and has better conveyed the holistic value 
proposition of its end-to-end technology stack to the market for its next phase of growth. As part of the rebranding, the 
Company changed the expected useful life of its previous brands, which completed by the end of the year. See Note 7.

b.  Definitions:
In these financial statements – 

The Company   – Nexxen International Ltd. 
The Group  
Subsidiaries    

– Nexxen International Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
–  Companies, the financial statements of which are fully consolidated, directly, or indirectly, with the financial 
statements of the Company such as Nexxen Group LLC, Unruly Holding Ltd, Tremor Video Inc, Nexxen Inc.

Related party  

 – As defined by IAS 24, “Related Party Disclosures”.

2.   BASIS OF PREPARATION

a.  Statement of compliance:
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on March 5, 2024.

b.  Functional and presentation currency:
These consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars (USD), which is the Company’s functional currency, and 
have been rounded to the nearest thousand, except when otherwise indicated. The USD is the currency that represents the 
principal economic environment in which the Company operates.

c.  Basis of measurement:
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following assets and 
liabilities: 

Provisions

•  Deferred and current tax assets and liabilities
• 
•  Derivatives
• 

Investment in shares

d.  Use of estimates and judgments:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management of the Group to make judgments, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, 
income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The preparation of accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Group’s financial statements requires management 
of the Group to make assumptions regarding circumstances and events that involve considerable uncertainty. Management 
of the Group prepares estimates on the basis of past experience, various facts, external circumstances, and reasonable 
assumptions according to the pertinent circumstances of each estimate.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in 
the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

Information about assumptions made by the Group with respect to the future and other reasons for uncertainty with respect 
to estimates that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment to carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the 
next financial year are included in Note 6, on leases, with respect to determining the lease term and determining the discount 
rate of a lease liability, in Note 7, on intangible assets, with respect to the accounting of software development capitalization 
and impairment testing for goodwill, in Note 4, on Income Tax, with respect to uncertain tax position, in Note 18 on investments 
in shares.

e.  Change in classification:
The Company changed the classification of the current maturities of the unfavorable contract from other payables to other 
long-term liabilities. Comparative amounts were reclassified for consistency in the amount of USD 1,350 thousand.

f.  Determination of fair value:
Preparation of the financial statements requires the Group to determine the fair value of certain assets and liabilities. When 
determining the fair value of an asset or liability, the Group uses observable market data as much as possible. There are three 
levels of fair value measurements in the fair value hierarchy that are based on the data used in the measurement, as follows:

• 
• 
• 

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: inputs that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Further information about the assumptions that were used to determine fair value is included in the following notes:

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

•  Note 17, on share-based compensation;
•  Note 18, on financial instruments; 
•  Note 18, on investments in shares.

3.   MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently for all periods presented in these consolidated financial 
statements and have been applied consistently by the Group.

a.  Financial instruments:
1.  Non-derivative financial assets
The Company’s non-derivative financial assets, which are measured at amortized cost, mainly consist of accounts receivable 
which are held to collect and deposits. Accounts receivable represent amounts owed by customers resulting from business 
transactions, and they are recognized at their original invoiced values, adjusted for expected credit losses. Loss rates are 
based on historical collection experience, while taking into consideration current customer information, collection history, and 
other relevant data at each reporting period.

The Company’s non-derivative financial assets, which are measured at fair value through profit and loss, consist of investment 
in shares. Net gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss, finance income/expenses. 

2.  Non-derivative financial liabilities
The Company’s non-derivative financial liabilities mainly include trade and other payables, and loan, all measured at 
amortized cost.

3.  Treasury shares:
When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased by the Group, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes 
directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified 
as a deduction in Share Premium. 

For further information regarding the measurement of these assets and liabilities see Note 3 regarding material accounting 
policies.

44

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

45

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

3.   MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued

3.   MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued

b.  Fixed Assets:
Fixed assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of fixed assets includes expenditure that is directly 
attributable to the acquisition of the asset. Depreciation is provided on all property and equipment at rates calculated to write 
each asset down to its residual value (assumed to be nil), using the straight-line method, over its expected useful life as follows:

Computers and servers
Office furniture and equipment
Leasehold improvements

3-5
3-17
The shorter of the lease term and the useful life

Years

Intangible assets and liabilities:

c. 
1.  Software development:
Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and 
understanding, is recognized in profit or loss when incurred.

Development activities involve a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved products and processes. 
Development expenditure is capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is 
technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Group has the intention and sufficient 
resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. The expenditure capitalized in respect of development 
activities includes the cost of direct labor costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use. Other 
development expenditure is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. 

The estimated useful lives of developed software are three years.

2.  Goodwill:
The Group has identified its entire operation as a single cash generating unit (CGU). The Company conducts an annual 
assessment of goodwill impairment on an annual basis, at year end. According to management assessment as of December 
31, 2023, no impairment in respect to goodwill has been recorded. See note 7.

3.  Amortization:
Internally generated intangible assets, such as software development costs, are not systematically amortized as long as they 
are not available for use, i.e., they are not yet on site or in working condition for their intended use. Goodwill is not 
systematically amortized as well but is tested for impairment at least once a year.

Amortization is recognized in the statements of operation and other comprehensive income (loss) on a straight-line basis over 
the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets from the date they are available for use. 

The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

years

Trademark
Software (developed and acquired)
Customer relationships
Technology

Fully depreciated, See note 7
3
3-6
3-5.25

4.  Unfavorable contracts
In the business combinations of Nexxen Inc., the Company recognizes a liability for contracts when their terms are unfavorable 
compared to market terms, to represent the off-market element at the acquisition date. As of December 31, 2023, the 
aggregated liability balance, in the amount of USD 6.7 million, is entirely classified as long-term.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

d.  Share Based Compensation:
Compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units. The Group’s employee 
stock purchase plan is measured and recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the 
awards granted. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing 
model. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock is recognized over the requisite 
service periods of the awards.

Determining the fair value of stock options awards requires judgment. The Company’s use of the Black-Scholes option pricing 
model requires the input of subjective assumptions. The assumptions used in the Company’s option-pricing model represent 
management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. 

These assumptions and estimates are as follows: 

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities approximating 
the expected term of the awards. 

Expected Term. The expected term of an award is calculated based on the vesting date and the expiration date of the award.

Volatility. The Company determined the price volatility based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the 
expected term of the award. 

Dividend Yield. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and current expectations of dividend 
payouts.

Fair Value of Common Stock. The fair value of common stock is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock 
on the grant date. 

e.  Employee benefits:
1.  Post-employment benefits:
The Group’s main post-employment benefit plan is under section 14 to the Severance Pay Law (“Section 14”) for the Israeli 
employees and under section 401K for US employees, which is accounted for as a contribution plan. In addition, for certain 
employees, the Group has an additional immaterial plan that is accounted for as a defined benefit plan. These plans are 
usually financed by deposits with insurance companies or with funds managed by a trustee.

2.  Short-term benefits:
Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is 
provided or upon the actual absence of the employee when the benefit is not accumulated (such as maternity leave).

A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Group 
has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the 
obligation can be estimated reliably. The employee benefits are classified, for measurement purposes, as short-term benefits 
or as other long-term benefits depending on when the Group expects the benefits to be wholly settled.

f.  Revenue recognition: 
The Group generates revenue from transactions where it provides access to a platform for the purchase and sale of digital 
advertising inventory. Its customers are both ad buyers, including brands and agencies, and digital publishers. 

The Group generates revenue through platform fees that are tailored to fit the customer’s specific utilization of its solutions 
and include: (i) a percentage of spend, (ii) flat fees and (iii) fixed costs per mile (“CPM”). CPM refers to a payment option in 
which customers pay a price for every 1,000 impressions an advertisement receives.

The Company maintains agreements with each publisher and buyer in the form of written service agreements, which set out 
the terms of the relationship, including payment terms and access to the Group’s platforms.

Publishers provide digital advertising inventory to the Group’s platform in the form of advertising requests, or ad request. When 
the Group receives ad requests from a publisher, it send bid requests to buyers, which enable buyers to bid on sellers’ digital 
advertising inventory according to a predefined set of parameters (e.g., demographics, intent, location, etc.). Winning bids 
create advertising, or paid impressions, for the publisher to present to the buyers.

The Group generates revenue from its Programmatic and Performance activities. Programmatic revenue is derived from the 
end-to-end platform of programmatic advertising, which uses software and algorithms to match buyers and sellers of digital 
advertising in a technology-driven marketplace. Performance revenue is derived from non-core activities, consisting of 
mobile-based activities that help brands reach their users.

The Company concluded that its Programmatic activity (i) does not have manual control over the process, (ii) the Company is 
not primarily responsible for fulfillment, (iii) the Company has no inventory risk and (iv) the Company obtains only momentary 
a title to the advertising space offered via the end-to-end platform. 

46

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

47

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

3.   MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
As a result, the Group reports its Programmatic business, tech stack, features, business models and activity as an agent and 
therefore presented revenue from Programmatic on a net basis. 

For the Performance activity the Company is the primary obligor to provide the services and, as such, revenue is presented on 
a gross basis. 

Management is focused on driving growth with the Programmatic activity through the end-to-end platform, while the 
Performance activity is declining over time.

The Group estimates and records reduction to revenue for volume discounts based on expected volume during the incentive 
term.

The Group generally invoices buyers at the end of each month for the full purchase price of ad impressions monetized in that 
month. Accounts receivables are recorded at the amount of gross billings for the amount it is responsible to collect and 
accounts payable are recorded at the net amount payable to publishers. Accordingly, both accounts receivable and 
accounts payable appear large in relation to revenue reported on a net basis.

g.  Classification of expenses
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) primarily consists of hosting fees and data costs for both 
Programmatic and Performance activities, as well as media costs for Performance activities that are directly attributable to 
revenue generated by the Company and generally based on the revenue share arrangements with audience and content 
partners. See Note 13. 

Research and development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel responsible for the 
research and development of new and existing products and services. Where required, development expenditures are 
capitalized in accordance with the Company’s standard internal capitalized development policy in accordance with IAS 38 
(also see Note 3c(1)). All research costs are expensed when incurred.

Selling and marketing
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel engaged in customer 
service, sales, and sales support functions, as well as advertising and promotional expenditures.

General and administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, and include costs 
related to the Company’s facilities, finance, human resources, information technology, legal organizations and fees for 
professional services. Professional services are principally comprised of external legal, and information technology consulting 
and outsourcing services that are not directly related to other operational expenses.

h.  Financing income and expenses:
Generally, foreign currency differences from a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, including 
foreign operations that are subsidiaries, are recognized in profit or loss in the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation, the 
settlement of which is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, are considered to form part of a net investment in a 
foreign operation and are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), and are presented within equity as part of the 
currency translation reserve.

Financing income mainly comprises foreign currency gains and interest income.
Financing expense primarily includes exchange rate differences, interest and bank fees. 
Foreign currency gains and losses on financial assets and financial liabilities are reported on a net basis as either financing 
income or financing expenses depending on whether foreign currency movements are in a net gain or net loss position.

i.  Taxes on income 
The Company operates in multiple tax jurisdictions.

Offset of deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and 
they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority.

Uncertain tax positions
A provision for uncertain tax positions, including additional tax and interest expenses, is recognized when it is more likely than 
not that the Group will have to use its economic resources to pay the obligation.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Leases:

3.   MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES continued
j. 
Leased assets and lease liabilities
Contracts that award the Group control over the use of a leased asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, are 
accounted for as leases. Upon initial recognition, the Group recognizes a liability at the present value of the balance of future 
lease payments (these payments do not include certain variable lease payments), and concurrently recognizes a right-of-use 
asset at the same amount of the lease liability, adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments or provision for 
impairment, plus initial direct costs incurred in respect of the lease.

Since the interest rate implicit in the Group’s leases is not readily determinable, the incremental borrowing rate of the lessee is 
used. Subsequent to initial recognition, the right-of-use asset is accounted for using the cost model and depreciated over the 
shorter of the lease term or useful life of the asset.

Variable lease payments
Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, are initially measured using the index or rate existing at the 
commencement of the lease and are included in the measurement of the lease liability. When the cash flows of future lease 
payments change as the result of a change in an index or a rate, the balance of the liability is adjusted against the right-of-
use asset.

Depreciation of right-of-use asset
After lease commencement, a right-of-use asset is measured on a cost basis less accumulated depreciation and 
accumulated impairment losses and is adjusted for re-measurements of the lease liability. Depreciation is calculated on a 
straight-line basis over the useful life or contractual lease period, whichever earlier, as follows:

Buildings
Data centers

years

1-8.5
1-5.5

k. 
Initial application of new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations
Amendment to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements: “Disclosure of Accounting Policies. 
As a result of applying the Amendment, the extent of the accounting policy disclosure provided in the financial statements for 
2023 was reduced and adjusted according to the Company’s specific circumstances.

l.  New standards, amendments to standards and interpretations not yet adopted:
Amendment to IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current and 
subsequent amendment: Non-Current Liabilities with Covenants.

The Group is examining the effects of the Amendment on the financial statements with no plans for early adoption.

4.   INCOME TAX

a.  Details regarding the tax environment of the Israeli companies:
1.  Corporate tax rate
Taxable income of the Israeli companies is subject to the Israeli corporate tax at the rate of 23% in the years 2023, 2022 and 2021.

2.  Benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments (Investment Law)
The Investment Law provides tax benefits for Israeli companies meeting certain requirements and criteria. According to the 
Investment Law, a flat rate tax applies to companies eligible for the “Preferred Enterprise” status. In order to be eligible for 
Preferred Enterprise status, a company must meet minimum requirements to establish that it contributes to the country’s 
economic growth and is a competitive factor for the gross domestic product.

The Investment Law also added a new tax benefit tracks effective January 1, 2017 for a “preferred technological enterprise” and 
a “special preferred technological enterprise” that awards reduced tax rates to a technological industrial enterprise for the 
purpose of encouraging activity relating to the development of qualifying intangible assets.

Preferred technological income that meets the conditions required in the law, will be subject to a reduced corporate tax rate 
of 12%, and if the preferred technological enterprise is located in Development Area A to a tax rate of 7.5%. 

The Investment Law also provides that no tax will apply to a dividend distributed out of preferred income to a shareholder that 
is an Israeli resident company. A tax rate of 20% shall apply to a dividend distributed out of preferred income and preferred 
technological income, to an individual shareholder or foreign resident, subject to double taxation prevention treaties. 

On May 16, 2017, the Knesset Finance Committee approved Encouragement of Capital Investment Regulations (Preferred 
Technological Income and Capital Gain of Technological Enterprise) – 2017 (hereinafter: “the Regulations”), which provides 
rules for applying the “preferred technological enterprise” and “special preferred technological enterprise” tax benefit tracks 
including the Nexus formula that provides the mechanism for allocating the technological income eligible for the benefits.

The Company obtained tax rulings confirming that the Company is eligible for the benefits under the Investment Law. The tax 
rulings which were obtained applied for the years 2017-2021. The Company approached the Israeli Tax Authority on December 
28, 2023, for the renewal of the tax ruling, regarding industrial enterprise and preferred technological enterprise, for the next 
five years beginning in 2022. The tax ruling has not been accepted yet. 

48

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

49

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

4.   INCOME TAX continued

b.  Details regarding the tax environment of the non-Israeli companies:
Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax laws in their countries of residence as reported in their statutory 
financial statement prepared under local accounting regulations.

Israel

c.  Carry forward losses 
1. 
As of December 31, 2023, the net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs are approximately USD 20.4 million (2022: nil), and the 
Capital Loss to carry forward is approximately USD 3 million (2022: USD 0.1 million). The losses carryforward do not expire under 
Israeli tax laws.

2.  US
The Group submit a US federal consolidated tax return. 

Provisions enacted in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017 related to the capitalization for tax purposes of research and 
experimental expenditures (“R&E”) became effective on January 1, 2022. These new R&E provisions require us to capitalize 
certain research and experimental expenditures and amortize them on the U.S. tax return over five or fifteen years, depending 
on where these costs are conducted. The tax expense in the U.S. would increase as a result, unless these provisions are 
modified through legislative processes in the future. The Company applies the new enacted act in the current year tax 
provision and the deferred tax asset.

The Group has several U.S. federal NOLs, following previous acquisitions:

1. 

 Approximately USD 100.8 million, which will expire starting 2038. As of December 31, 2023, the NOLs are approximately 
USD 56.7 million (2022: USD 65.7 million).

2. 

  Approximately USD 315 million which can be utilized over the next 52 years. As of December 31, 2023, the NOLs are 
approximately USD 307.2 million (2022: USD 315 million).

In addition, the Group has USD 0.5 million NOLs from previous years.

4.   INCOME TAX continued

d.  Composition of income tax benefit:

Current tax expense (income)
Current year

Deferred tax expense (income)
Creation and reversal of temporary differences

Tax expenses (benefit)

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

2021 
$’000

(2,331)

14,378

7,220

4,834

2,503

5,310

19,688

(8,168)

(948)

The following are the domestic and foreign components of the Group’s income taxes:

Domestic
US
International

Tax expenses (benefit)

2023 
$’000

(5,352)
8,712
(857)

2,503

2022 
$’000

5,766
11,578
2,344

19,688

e.  Reconciliation between the theoretical tax on the pre-tax profit and the tax expense:

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

2021 
$’000

4,995
(961)
(4,982)

(948)

2021 
$’000

72,275

23%
16,623

In addition, the Capital Loss to carry forward is approximately USD 27.7 million (2022: nil). Capital losses can be carried back for 
three years, and forward for five years.

Profit (Loss) before taxes on income

Additionally, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act limits the NOL deduction to 80% of 
taxable income, repeals carryback of all NOLs arising in a tax year ending after 2017 and permits indefinite carryforwards for all 
such NOLs. NOL’s arising in a tax year ending on or before 2017 can offset 100% of taxable income, are available for carryback, 
and expire 20 years after they arise. It should be noted that the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act 
suspended the 80% limitation for tax years 2018, 2019 and 2020and allowed for a 5-year carryback for NOLs for tax years 
beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021.

Pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the acquired companies in the US underwent ownership changes for tax 
purposes (i.e., a change of more than 50% in stock ownership involving 5% shareholders) on the acquisition date. As a result, the 
use of the Company’s total US NOL carryforwards and tax credits generated prior to the ownership change is subject to annual 
use limitations under Section 382 and potentially also under section 383 of the Code and comparable state income tax laws. 

3. International
As of December 31, 2023, the NOLs are approximately USD 19.2 million (2022: USD 22.3 million).

In addition, the Capital Loss to carry forward is approximately USD 0.9 million (2022: nil). The ability to carry losses forward  
(or backwards) depends on the specific jurisdiction which the Company operates in.

Primary tax rate of the Company
Tax calculated according to the Company’s primary tax rate
Additional tax (tax saving) in respect of:
Non-deductible expenses net of tax exempt income*
Difference between measurement basis of income/expenses for tax purposes and 

measurement basis of income/expenses for financial reporting purposes

Effect of reduced tax rate on preferred loss (income) 
Utilization of tax losses from prior years for which deferred taxes were not created
Effect on deferred taxes at a rate different from the primary tax rate
Recognition of deferred taxes for tax losses and benefits from previous years for 
which deferred taxes were not created in the past
Recognition in temporary differences for which deferred taxes are not recognized
Foreign tax rate differential

Tax (benefit) expenses 

Effective income tax rate

*including non-deductible share-based compensation expenses.

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

(18,984)

42,425

23%
(4,366)

23%
9,758

3,329

11,642

(3,364)

–
4,963
(90)
892
(4,852)

656
1,971

2,503

(13%)

(654)
(4,625)
(2,539)
2,697
(1,104)

35
4,478

19,688

46%

–
(7,226)
(1,117)
(3,329)
(4,586)

–
2,051

(948)

(1%)

50

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

4.   INCOME TAX continued

5.  FIXED ASSETS, NET

f.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are 
presented below:

Computers 
and Servers 
$’000

Office 
furniture and
 equipment
 $’000

Leasehold 
improvements
 $’000

Intangible
Assets 
and R&D
expenses 
$’000

Employees 
Compen-
sation 
$’000

Carry-
forward 
Losses 
$’000

Accrued 
Expenses 
$’000

Doubtful 
Debt 
$’000

Other 
$’000

Total 
$’000

Balance of deferred tax asset (liability) 

as of January 1, 2022

(5,587)

12,074

9,835

2,939

3,099

676

23,036

Business combination
Changes recognized in profit or Loss
Effect of change in tax rate
Changes recognized in equity

(11,313)
5,019
–
187

1,502
(2,927)
14
(3,417)

7,857
(2,486)
237
(24)

1,322
(2,590)
–
22

973
(1,332)
–
11

2,158
(1,249)
4
(5)

2,499
(5,565)
255
(3,226)

Balance of deferred tax asset (liability) 

as of December 31, 2022

(11,694)

7,246

15,419

1,693

2,751

1,584

16,999

Discontinuance of Consolidation
Changes recognized in profit or Loss
Effect of change in tax rate
Changes recognized in equity

168
(524)
–
(79)

(57)
(3,837)
30
(34)

–
411
–
102

(532)
(960)
–
6

(99)
643
–
–

(1)
(597)
–
–

(521)
(4,864)
30
(5)

Balance of deferred tax asset (liability) 

as of December 31, 2023

(12,129)

3,348

15,932

207

3,295

986

11,639

As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could 
impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets.

g.  Uncertain tax positions:
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company has gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately USD 6,383 thousand 
and USD 7,188 thousand, respectively. The Company classifies liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits in current tax. 

h.   Tax assessment:
The Company considers tax year 2018 and 2019 for Israel and the US federal group, respectively as closed for tax assessment. 

Cost
Balance as of January 1, 2022

Exchange rate differences
Additions*
Business combinations 
Disposals

Balance as of December 31, 2022

Exchange rate differences
Additions*
Disposals

Balance as of December 31, 2023

Accumulated Depreciation 
Balance as of January 1, 2022
Exchange rate differences
Disposals
Additions

Balance as of December 31, 2022

Exchange rate differences
Disposals
Additions

Balance as of December 31, 2023

Carrying amounts

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

8,839

53
8,375
22,256
(892)

38,631

(7)
3,783
(482)

41,925

5,698
57
(890)
4,957

9,822

(9)
(482)
12,314

21,645

20,280

28,809

445

41
5
351
(28)

814

(13)
63
(114)

750

269
41
(28)
61

343

(8)
(111)
210

434

316

471

*As of December 31, 2023, USD 2,030 thousand additions have not been paid (2022: USD 1,900 thousand). 

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Total 
$’000

10,054

114
8,385
23,254
(1,256)

770

20
5
647
(336)

1,106

40,551

(23)
779
(94)

(43)
4,625
(690)

1,768

44,443

623
18
(336)
207

512

(1)
(93)
545

963

805

594

6,590
116
(1,254)
5,225

10,677

(18)
(686)
13,069

23,042

21,401

29,874

52

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

53

 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

6.  LEASES

a.  Leases in which the Group is the lessee:
The Group applies IFRS 16, Leases. The Group has lease agreements with respect to the following items:
–   Offices;
–   Data center;

Information regarding material lease agreements:

1. 
a.  The Group leases Offices mainly in the United States of America (US), Israel, Canada and UK with contractual original lease 
periods ends between the years 2024 and 2028 from several lessors. 

A lease liability in the amount of USD 21,381 thousand and USD 18,513 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, 
respectively, and right-of-use asset in the amount of USD 11,027 thousand and USD 7,753 thousand as of December 31, 2023, 
and December 31, 2022, respectively have been recognized in the statement of financial position in respect of leases of offices.

b.  The Group leases data center and related network infrastructure with contractual original lease periods ends between the 
years 2024 and 2028. The Group did not assume renewals in determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed 
to be reasonably assured at lease commencement.

A lease liability in the amount of USD 15,680 thousand and USD 10,825 thousand as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, 
respectively, and right-of-use asset in the amount of USD 14,888 thousand and USD 10,520 thousand as of December 31, 2023, 
and December 31, 2022, respectively have been recognized in the statement of financial position in respect of data centers.

2.  Lease liability:
Maturity analysis of the Group’s lease liabilities:

Less than one year (0-1)
One to five years (1-5)

Total

Current maturities of lease liability

Long-term lease liability

3)  Right-of-use assets – Composition:

Balance as of January 1, 2022
Business Combinations
Depreciation and amortization on right-of-use assets
Additions
Lease modifications
Disposals
Exchange rate differences

Balance as of December 31, 2022
Discontinuance of consolidation
Depreciation and amortization on right-of-use assets
Net additions
Lease modifications
Disposals
Exchange rate differences

2023 
$’000

12,106
24,955

37,061

12,106

24,955

Offices
$’000

Data center
$’000

5,424
6,103
(4,533)
1,113
(74)
(205)
(75)

7,753
(64)
(4,422)
7,871
20
(119)
(12)

2,849
10,633
(4,693)
1,783
–
(52)
–

10,520
–
(10,579)
14,969

(22)
–

2022 
$’000

14,104
15,234

29,338

14,104

15,234

Total
$’000

8,273
16,736
(9,226)
2,896
(74)
(257)
(75)

18,273
(64)
(15,001)
22,840
20
(141)
(12)

Balance as of December 31, 2023

11,027

14,888

25,915

6.  LEASES continued

4.  Amounts recognized in statement of operation:

Interest expenses on lease liability
Depreciation and amortization of right-of-use assets
Gain (loss) recognized in profit or loss

Total

5.  Amounts recognized in the statement of cash flows:

Cash outflow for leases

b.  Leases in which the Group is a lessor:
1.  
The Group subleases offices at the US for periods expiring in 2027.

Information regarding material lease agreements:

2.  Net investment in the lease:
Presented hereunder is the movement in the net investment in the lease:

Balance as of January 1,
Sublease receipts
Additions
Business combinations 

Balance as of December 31,

3.  Maturity analysis of net investment in finance leases:

Less than one year (0-1)
One to five years (1-5)

Total net investment in the lease as of December 31,

4.  Amounts recognized in statement of operation:

Gain from finance subleases
Financing income on the net investment in the lease

Total

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

2023 
$’000

(1,885)
(15,001)
(119)

(17,005)

2022 
$’000

(587)
(9,226)
(74)

(9,887)

2021 
$’000

(570)
(6,334)
7

(6,897)

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

2021 
$’000

(19,147)

(12,605)

(10,579)

Offices 
2023 
$’000

4,849
(1,112)
2,248
–

5,985

2023 
$’000

1,772
4,213

5,985

Offices 
2022 
$’000

–
199

199

Offices 
2022 
$’000

5,682
(1,306)
310
163

4,849

2022 
$’000

1,084
3,765

4,849

Offices 
2021 
$’000

301
245

546

Offices 
2023 
$’000

–
221

221

54

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

55

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

7. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

7. 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET continued

Cost
Balance as of January 1, 2022
Exchange rate differences
Additions
Disposals
Business combinations 

Balance as of December 31, 2022
Exchange rate differences
Additions
Disposals

Software 
$’000

Trademarks
 $’000

Customer
 relationships 
$’000

Technology
 $’000

Goodwill 
$’000

Total 
$’000

24,687
(50)
8,750
(1,199)
–

32,188
25
15,187
(12)

36,367
(1,262)
–
(19,570)
7,654

23,189
485
–
(23,674)

50,108
(1,455)
–
(2,393)
29,169

75,429
455
–
(1,845)

53,192
(548)
–
(4,851)
85,684

133,477
272
–
–

156,712
(3,216)
–
–
92,244

245,740
874
–
(262)

321,066
(6,531)
8,750
(28,013)
214,751

510,023
2,111
15,187
(25,793)

Impairment testing for intangible assets
The Company’s qualitative assessment during the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, did not indicate 
that it is more likely than not that the recoverable amount of its intangible assets, and other long-lived assets is less than their 
aggregate carrying amount.

As of December 31, 2023, and as of December 31, 2022, the estimated recoverable amount based on Company’s market value 
was lower than the carrying amount, and therefore the recoverable amount was estimated based on value in use and was 
determined by discounting the future cash flows. The estimated value in use was higher than the carrying amount, and 
therefore there was no need for impairment. 

Key assumptions used in the calculation of recoverable amounts are as of December 31, 2023:

Post-tax discount rate
Terminal value growth rate
EBITDA growth rate

14% (WACC)
3% 
26%-42%

Balance as of December 31, 2023

47,388

–

74,039

133,749

246,352

501,528

Key assumptions used in the calculation of recoverable amounts are as of December 31, 2022:

Amortization

Balance as of January 1, 2022

14,876

29,786

28,223

39,961

Exchange rate differences

Additions

Disposals

Balance as of December 31, 2022

Exchange rate differences

Additions

Disposals

2

6,189

(659)

20,408

15

7,172

12,145

355

11,174

(12)

(23,674)

(585)

2,514

(914)

9,289

(19,570)

(2,393)

(198)

10,257

(4,851)

34,205

45,169

353

12,407

(1,845)

157

21,499

–

45,120

66,825

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

112,846

(1,695)

28,249

(27,473)

111,927

880

52,252

(25,531)

139,528

Balance as of December 31, 2023

27,583

Carrying amounts
As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

19,805

11,780

–

–

11,044

28,919

41,224

66,924

246,352

362,000

88,308

245,740

398,096

Capitalized development costs
Development costs capitalized in the period amounted to USD 14,222 thousand (2022: USD 8,743 thousand) and were classified 
under software. 

Acceleration of Trademarks
As detailed in Note 1, following the decision to rebrand to Nexxen, the Group accelerated the amortization of its trademark 
assets, whose useful life ended on December 31, 2023. 

Post-tax discount rate
Terminal value growth rate
EBITDA growth rate

15% (WACC)
3% 
21%-33%

The cash flow projections include specific estimates for four years and a terminal value growth rate thereafter. EBITDA growth 
rate is expressed as the annual growth rate in the initial five years of the plans used for impairment testing and has been 
mainly based on past experience and management expectations.

8.   TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Trade receivables:
Trade receivables
Allowance for expected credit losses

Trade receivables, net

Other receivables:
Prepaid expenses
Loan to a third party
Institutions
Pledged deposits
Acquisition consideration adjustment 
Other

9:   TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

Trade payables

Other payables: 
Contract liabilities
Wages, salaries and related expenses
Provision for vacation
Institutions
Interest to pay
Pledged deposits
Others 

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

219,396
(17,423)

229,975
(10,138)

201,973

219,837

4,988
104
1,309
1,569
–
323

8,293

14,425
–
1,281
3,036
4,673
–

23,415

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

183,296

212,690

8,366
13,319
1,922
1,603
1,757
284
1,847

29,098

6,540
24,539
1,869
1,659
1,504
362
7,882

44,355

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

56

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

57

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

10.  CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash 
Bank deposits

Cash and cash equivalents

The majority of cash and cash equivalents bear interest of 3% to 5.5%.

2023 
$’000

105,997
128,311

234,308

2022 
$’000

173,568
43,932

217,500

15.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Issued and paid-in share capital:

Balance as of January 1
Own shares held by the Group
Share based compensation 

The Group’s exposure to credit, and currency risks are disclosed in Note 18 on financial instruments.

Issued and paid-in share capital as of December 31

11. LONG-TERM DEBT

In September 2022, Nexxen Group US Holdings Inc. (formerly known as Unruly Group US Holding Inc.) entered into a USD 90 million 
senior secured term loan facility (the Term Loan Facility) and a USD 90 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the 
Revolving Credit Facility and, together with the Term Loan Facility, collectively, the Credit Facilities). The Company used the net 
proceeds of the Term Loan Facility and USD 10 million of net proceeds of the Revolving Credit Facility to finance the acquisition 
of Nexxen Inc. The loan period is 3 years from the date it was obtained.

The Company is obligated to pay a commitment fee on the undrawn amounts of the Revolving Credit Facility at an annual 
rate, determined by the Company’s total net leverage ratio. The Credit Facilities require compliance with various financial and 
non-financial covenants, including affirmative and negative covenants. The financial covenants require that the total net 
leverage ratio not exceed 3x and the interest coverage ratio not be less than 4x, in each case measured as of the end of each 
fiscal quarter. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is in compliance with all related covenants.

During the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expenses in the amounts of  
USD 6,854 thousand. Total interest paid during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, was USD 6,601 thousand.

12.  REVENUES

Programmatic 
Performance

2023 
$’000

299,005
32,988

2022 
$’000

274,355
60,895

331,993

335,250

2021 
$’000

266,616
75,329

341,945

For the year ended December 31, 2023, no individual buyer accounted for more than 10% of revenue. For the year ended 
December 31, 2022 one buyer represents 10.7% of revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2021 one buyer represents 13.6%  
of revenue.

13.  COST OF REVENUE 

Programmatic 
Performance

Cost of Revenue

14:  GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Wages, salaries and related expenses
Share base payments
Rent and office maintenance
Professional expenses
Doubtful debts
Acquisition costs
Other expenses

2023 
$’000

44,385
17,885

62,270

2023 
$’000

21,835
12,121
2,432
7,686
4,337
171
2,469

51,051

2022 
$’000

35,110
25,635

60,745

2022 
$’000

18,933
31,878
 319 
12,233
(3,167)
6,012
1,797

2021 
$’000

31,572
40,079

71,651

2021 
$’000

 17,755 
 32,250 
 549 
 7,136 
 4,958 
 253 
598 

68,005

63,499

            Ordinary Shares

2023 
Number 
of shares

2022 
Number 
of shares

144,477,962
(2,729,597)
4,413,644

154,501,629
(16,906,795)
6,883,128

146,162,009

144,477,962

500,000,000 500,000,000

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

Authorized share capital

Rights attached to share:
The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per 
share at general meetings of the Company. All shares rank equally with regard to the Company’s residual assets.

Own shares acquisition: 
During 2022, the Board of Directors approved the share buyback programs of up to USD 95 million of its ordinary shares out of 
which the Group repurchased 16,906,795 ordinary shares in aggregate amount of USD 86.3 million and during 2023, the Company 
repurchased 2,505,851 ordinary shares in aggregate amount of USD 8.7 million which was financed by existing cash resources. 

On December 18, 2023, the Company has received approval from the Israeli court for its motion to buy back an additional USD 
20 million of its ordinary shares from time-to-time through June 18, 2024. In 2023, the Company repurchased 221,506 ordinary 
shares in aggregate amount of USD 0.6 million which was financed by existing cash resources.

In addition, in July 2023, the Group repurchased 2,240 restricted ordinary shares that did not vest from one of its employees for 
no consideration. 

16.  EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share
The calculation of basic earnings (loss) per share as for the year ending December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was based on the 
profit (loss) for the year divided by a weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, calculated as follows:

Profit (loss) for the year:

Profit (loss) for the year

Weighted average number of ordinary shares:

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used to calculate basic 

earnings (loss) per share as at December 31

Basic earnings (loss) per share (in USD)

2023 
$’000

2022 
$’000

2021 
$’000

(21,487)

22,737

73,223

2023 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

2022 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

2021 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

143,589,188

149,937,339

144,493,989

(0.15)

0.15

0.51

Diluted earnings (loss) per share
The calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was based on profit (loss) for the 
year divided by a weighted average number of shares outstanding after adjustment for the effects of all dilutive potential 
ordinary shares, calculated as follows:

58

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

59

 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

16.  EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE continued

Weighted average number of ordinary shares (diluted):

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used to calculate basic

earnings per share

Effect of share options on issue

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used to calculate diluted

earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share (in USD)

2023 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

2022 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

2021 
Shares of 
NIS 0.01 
par value

143,589,188
–

149,937,339
3,120,304

144,493,989
8,212,903

143,589,188

153,057,643

152,706,892

(0.15)

0.15

0.48

At December 31, 2023 6,749 thousand share options, RSUs and PSUs (in 2022 and 2021: 8,851 thousand and 3,061 thousand, 
respectively) were excluded from the diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares calculation as their effect would 
have been anti-dilutive.

17.   SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS

a.  Share-based compensation plan:
The terms and conditions related to the grants of the share options programs are as follows:

•  All the share options that were granted are non-marketable.
•  All options are to be settled by physical delivery of ordinary shares or ADSs.
•  Vesting conditions are based on a service period of between 0.5-4 years.

b.  Stock Options:
The number of share options is as follows:

Outstanding of 1 January
Forfeited during the year
Exercised during the year
Granted during the year 
Outstanding of December 31

Exercisable of December 31

Number of options

Weighted average  
exercise price

2023 
‘000

4,772
(721)
(346)
–
3,705

2,086

2022 
‘000

6,026
(828)
(1,046)
620
4,772

1,814

2023 
(USD)

7.31
6.33
0.67
–
7.91

2022 
(USD)

6.54
7.61
1.96
7.22
7.31

The total expense recognized in the year ended December 31, 2023, with respect to the options granted to employees, 
amounted to approximately USD 2,429 thousand (2022: USD 5,867 thousand).

c.  Restricted Share Units:
During 2023 and 2022, the Group granted 352,800 and 777,448 Restricted Share Units (RSUs) to its executive officers and 
employees, respectively.

The number of restricted share units is as follows:

Outstanding at 1 January
Forfeited during the year
Exercised during the year
Granted during the year 

Outstanding at December 31

                        Number of RSU’s

2023 
‘000

5,288
(254)
(3,295)
353

2,092

2022 
‘000

8,146
(261)
(3,374)
777

5,288

            Weighted-Average Grant
               Date Fair Value

2023

2022

8.277
6.275
8.208
2.160

7.601

8.606
9.948
8.091
4.596

8.277

The total expense recognized in the year ended December 31, 2023, with respect to the RSUs granted to employees, amounted 
to approximately USD 13,356 thousand (2022: USD 31,923 thousand). 

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

17.   SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS continued

d.  Performance Stock Units:
During 2023 and 2022, the Group granted 143,700 and 168,048 Performance Stock Units (PSUs) to its executive officers, respectively.

The number of performance stock units is as follows:

Outstanding at January 1
Forfeited during the year
Exercised during the year
Granted during the year 

Outstanding at December 31

                        Number of PSU’s

2023 
‘000

1,992
(254)
(930)
144

952

2022 
‘000

4,486
(80)
(2,582)
168

1,992

            Weighted-Average Grant
               Date Fair Value

2023

2022

8.937
6.328
9.320
2.160

8.238

6.796
9.952
4.891
4.453

8.937

The vesting of the PSUs is subject to continuous employment and compliance with the performance criteria determined by 
the Company’s Remuneration Committee and the Company’s Board of Directors.

The total expense recognized in the year ended December 31, 2023, with respect to the PSUs granted to employees, amounted 
to approximately USD 3,384 thousand (2022: USD 12,715 thousand). 

e.  Expense recognized in the statement of operation and other comprehensive income is as follows:

Selling and marketing
Research and development
General and administrative

18.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

a.  Overview:

2023 
$’000

3,740
3,308
12,121

19,169

2022 
$’000

10,594
8,034
31,877

50,505

2021 
$’000

7,094
3,474
32,250

42,818

The Group has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:
•   Credit risk
• 
•  Market risk

Liquidity risk

This note presents quantitative and qualitative information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, and the 
Group’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk. 

In order to manage these risks and as described hereunder, the Group executes transactions in derivative financial 
instruments. Presented hereunder is the composition of the derivatives:

Derivatives presented under current assets
Forward exchange contracts used for hedging

Derivatives presented under current liability
Forward exchange contracts used for hedging

Total

2023 
$‘000

2022 
$‘000

123

–

123

–

(209)

(209)

60

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

61

 
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

18.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued

b.  Risk management framework:
The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group’s risk management framework. 
The Board is responsible for developing and monitoring the Group’s risk management policies.

The Group’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate 
risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed 
regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities. The Group, through its training and management 
of standards and procedures, aims to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees 
understand their roles and obligations.

The Group Audit Committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Group’s risk management policies 
and procedures and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Group. The 
Group Audit Committee is assisted in its oversight role by Internal Audit. Internal Audit undertakes both regular and ad hoc 
reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the Audit Committee.

c.  Credit risk:
The Group’s credit risk is arise from the risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet 
its contractual obligations. 

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.
The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables, net (a)
Other receivables
Long term deposit

2023 
$’000

234,308
201,973
1,996
525

2022 
$’000

217,500
219,837
7,709
406

438,802

445,452

18.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued
At December 31, 2023, USD 14,027 thousand are held in AUD, USD 5,653 thousand are held in NIS, USD 4,571 thousand are held in 
EUR, USD 2,981 thousand are held in SGD, USD 2,692 thousand are held in CAD, USD 2,665 thousand are held in GBP, USD 2,040 
thousand are held in JPY, USD 1,493 thousand are held in other currencies and the remainder held in USD.

As of December 31, 2023, no individual vendor accounted for more than 10% of trade payables. As of December 31, 2022, one 
vendor accounted for 12.7% of trade payables. 

f.  Sensitivity analysis:
A change as of December 31 in the exchange rates of the following currencies against the USD, as indicated below, would have 
affected the measurement of financial instruments denominated in a foreign currency and would have increased (decreased) 
profit or loss and equity by the amounts shown below (after tax). This analysis is based on foreign currency exchange rate that 
the Group considered to be reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. The analysis assumes that all other variables, 
in particular interest rates, remain constant and ignores any impact of forecasted sales and purchases. 

GBP/USD

Profit / (Loss)
Increase / (Decrease) in Shareholders’ Equity

NIS/USD

Profit / (Loss)
Increase / (Decrease) in Shareholders’ Equity

                     2023
+10% 
$’000

(1,832)
(9)

                     2023
+10% 
$’000

353
384

-10% 
$’000

1,832
9

-10% 
$’000

(353)
(384)

              2022
+10% 
$’000

(2,893)
(94)

-10% 
$’000

2,893
94

              2022
+10% 
$’000

(139)
(107)

-10% 
$’000

139
107

-10% 
$’000

2,615
320

                     2023

              2022

+10% 
$’000

(2,348)
(6)

-10% 
$’000

2,348
6

+10% 
$’000

(2,615)
(320)

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

(a)   At December 31, 2023, the Group included provision for doubtful debts in the amount of USD 17,423 thousand (December 31, 
2022: USD 10,138 thousand) in respect of collective impairment provision and specific debtors that their collectability is in doubt.

As of December 31, 2023, two buyers accounted for 16.2% and 16.5% of trade receivables. As of December 31, 2022, two buyers 
accounted for 15.7% and 14.1% of trade receivables.

SGD/USD

Profit / (Loss)
Increase / (Decrease) in Shareholders’ Equity

Balance at January 1
Allowance for doubtful debts expenses (income)
Discontinuance of consolidation
Write-off 
Exchange rate difference 

Balance at December 31

Allowance for Doubtful debts

2023 
$’000

10,138
7,622
(275)
(22)
(40)

17,423

2022 
$’000

13,870
(3,167)
–
(542)
(23)

10,138

d.  Liquidity risk:
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities 
that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far 
as possible, that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without 
incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation. 

As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Group’s contractual obligation of financial liability is in respect of leases, 
trade, and other payables in the amount of USD thousand and USD 332,782 thousand and USD 361,820 thousands, respectively. 

The contractual maturity of the financial liability that is less than one year is in the amount of USD 201,955 thousand and USD 
239,240 thousand for December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

e.  Market risk:
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, the CPI, interest rates and equity prices will 
affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to 
manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.

Linkage and foreign currency risks
Currency risk
The Group is not exposed to currency risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in a currency other than the respective 
functional currency of the Group, the USD. The principal currencies in which these transactions are denominated are GBP, NIS, 
EURO, CAD, SGD, MXN, AUD and JPY.

At any point in time, the Group aims to match the amounts of its assets and liabilities in the same currency in order to hedge 
the exposure to changes in currency.

In respect of other monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, the Group ensures that its net exposure is kept 
to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates when necessary to address short-term imbalances.

Interest rate risk
The Group has a cash flow risk due to its variable-rate debt instruments. A 5% increase in the interest rate would result in a loss 
and a decrease in shareholders’ equity of USD 3.7 million. However, it will be offset by a gain and shareholders’ increase of USD 
2.8 million due to available cash and cash equivalents. As a result, there would be a net effect of USD 0.9 million.

g.  Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value
On August 18, 2022, the Company completed a USD 25 million investment in VIDAA, a smart TV operating system, streaming 
platform, and subsidiary of Hisense. Through its investment, the Company received a 2.5% equity stake in VIDAA, a multi-year 
extension to exclusively share of VIDAA’s global ACR data for targeting and measurement across the Company’s platform, and 
ad monetization exclusivity on VIDAA media in the U.S., U.K., Canada, and Australia

The investment in shares is a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss under level 3.

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss:
Investment in shares

2023 
Level 3 
$’000

2022 
Level 3 
$’000

25,000

25,000

62

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
21.   OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Group has a single reportable segment as a provider of marketing services. 

Geographical information
In presenting information on the basis of geographical segments, segment revenue is based on the geographical location  
of consumers.

America
APAC
EMEA

Total 

2023 
$’000

311,780
6,537
13,676

2022 
$’000

303,106
20,031
12,113

2021 
$’000

304,686
20,931
16,328

331,993

335,250

341,945

22.  CONTINGENT LIABILITY

On May 18, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against Alphonso, Inc. (“Alphonso”) in the Supreme Court of the State of New 
York, County of New York (the “Court”), asserting claims for breach of contract, tortious interference with business relations, 
intentional interference with contractual relations, unjust enrichment, and conversion. 

The lawsuit arose out of Alphonso’s breach of a Strategic Partnership Agreement and an Advance Payment Obligation and 
Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) with us, and LG Electronics Inc.’s (“LG”) tortious interference with the Company’s 
contractual relationships and business relations and related misconduct. On February 23, 2024, the Company entered into a 
settlement and release agreement with Alphonso and LG and the parties have agreed to dismiss the Alphonso Lawsuit. 

In March 2023, Alphonso remitted USD 11.3 million to the Company, comprising USD 7.25 million related to a secured advance 
repayment and USD 4.1 million related to additional interest, penalties and fees including reimbursement of certain legal fees.

On June 21, 2022, Alphonso filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of 
California, asserting claims for misappropriation of trade secrets under federal and state law. On October 11, 2023, Alphonso 
dismissed its claims in the lawsuit with prejudice. On October 25, 2023, the Company filed a bill of costs to recover allowable 
legal costs from Alphonso. The Company’s request for legal costs is pending with the Court.

I

C
G
E
T
A
R
T
S

T
R
O
P
E
R

E
C
N
A
N
R
E
V
O
G

I

L
A
C
N
A
N
I
F

S
T
N
E
M
E
T
A
T
S

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
as at 31 December 2023 
continued

18.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS continued

Valuation processes used by the Company
The fair value of non-marketable shares is determined by external valuer on an annual basis.

The principal unobservable inputs are as follows: 
• 
• 
• 

The estimated royalties from App share and remote-control button which is based on the expected increase in market share.
The average operating profit margin which is based on the stage of research and development.
 The discount rate, which is based on the risk-free rate for 10-year debentures issued by the government in the relevant 
market, adjusted for a risk premium to reflect both the risk of investing in equities, the systematic risk of company and 
entity specific risk to the extent not already reflected in the cash flows. 

h.  Financial instruments measured at fair value for disclosure purposes only. 
The fair value of the long term debt is estimated by discounting future principal and interest cash flows by the market interest 
rate of 7.064% on the date of measurement which is USD 97,291 thousands.

19:  RELATED PARTIES 

Compensation and benefits to key management personnel
Executive officers also participate in the Company’s share option programs. For further information see Note 17 regarding 
share-based compensation. 

Compensation and benefits to key management personnel (including directors) that are employed by the Company and its 
subsidiaries:

Share-based compensation
Other compensation and benefits 

Total 

20.  SUBSIDIARIES

Details in respect of subsidiaries:
Presented hereunder is a list of the Group’s subsidiary:

Name of company

Taptica Inc
Tremor Video Inc
Adinnovation Inc
Taptica UK
YuMe Inc*
Perk.com Canada Inc
R1Demand LLC*
Nexxen Group LLC (f/k/a Unruly Group LLC)
Nexxen Group US Holdings Inc. (f/k/a Unruly Group US Holding Inc)*
Nexxen Holdings Ltd (f/k/a Unruly Holdings Limited)*
Nexxen Group Ltd (f/k/a Unruly Group Limited)*
Unruly Media GmbH
Unruly Media Pte Ltd*
Nexxen Pty Ltd (f/k/a Unruly Media Pty Ltd)
Unruly Media KK
Unmedia Video Distribution Sdn Bhd
SpearAd GmbH
Nexxen Inc. (f/k/a Amobee Inc)*
Amobee EMEA Limited
Amobee International Inc
Amobee Ltd
Amobee Asia Pte Ltd*
Amobee ANZ Pty Ltd

2023 
$’000

11,527
3,988

15,515

2022 
$’000

30,914
4,433

35,347

2021
$’000

31,283
6,752

38,035

Principal location of 
the Company’s 
activity

The Group’s ownership interest 
in the subsidiary for the year ended 
December 31
2022

2023

USA
USA
Japan
UK
USA
Canada
USA
USA
USA
UK
UK
Germany
Singapore
Australia
Japan
Malaysia
Germany
USA
UK
USA
Israel
Singapore
Australia

100%
100%
–
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

*Under these companies, there are seventeen (17) wholly owned subsidiaries that are inactive and in liquidation process.

64

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

65

 
 
Directors, Secretary and Advisers 

DIRECTORS:

Christopher John Stibbs 
Non-Executive Chairperson

Ofer Israel Druker 
Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director

Yaniv Carmi 
Chief Operating Officer and Executive Director

Sagi Niri 
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Director

Joanna Rachael Parnell 
Non-Executive Director 

Neil Garth Jones 
Non-Executive Director

Rebekah Mary Brooks 
Non-Executive Director 

Norman Thomas Johnston
Non-Executive Director 

Lisa Klinger
Non-Executive Director

Daniel Kerstein
Non-Executive Director

Rhys Summerton
Non-Executive Director

COMPANY SECRETARY
Yaniv Carmi

ADVISERS:

Registered Office:
82 Yigal Alon St, 13th Floor, Tel Aviv, 6789124, Israel

Nominated Adviser and Joint Broker
Cavendish Capital Markets Ltd
1 Bartholomew Close, London, UK EC1A 7BL

Legal Advisers – English Law
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP
Tower 42, Level 21, 25 Old Broad Street,  
London, EC2N 1HQ 

Legal Advisers – Israeli Law
Naschitz, Brandes, Amir & Co
Advocates 5 Tuval Street Tel Aviv 6789717, Israel

Reporting Accountants and Auditors
KPMG Somekh Chaikin KPMG 
Millennium Tower 17 Ha’arba’a Street P.O.B.  
609 Tel Aviv 61006, Israel 

KPMG UK
15 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5GL

US Investor Relations
KCSA
420 Fifth Ave, Third Floor, New York, NY 10018

UK Financial PR and Investor Relations 
Vigo Consulting
78-79 New Bond Street, London W1S 1RZ

Registrar
Link Market Services (Guernsey) Limited
Mont Crevelt House, Bulwer Avenue, St Sampson, 
Guernsey GY2 4LH

Depositary
Link Market Trustees Limited
The Registry 34 Beckenham Road,  
Beckenham, Kent BR3 4TU

66 Nexxen International Ltd Annual Report 2023

This Report has been printed in the UK.  
Our printers are a Carbon/Neutral® printing 
company. They are FSC®- certified and ISO 
14001-accredited and Forest Stewardship 
Council® (FSC®) chain of custody-certified. 
All inks used are vegetable-based. This 
paper is recyclable and acid-free.

Designed & produced by 
KW Partners 
www.kwpartners.co.uk

Nexxen International Ltd.
82 Yigal Alon st.
(13th floor)
Tel-Aviv
Israel
6789124

www.nexxen.com