TriNet Group
Annual Report 2019

Plain-text annual report

2019 Annual ReportEvery day, small andmedium-size businesspeople do incrediblethings. They’re innovators with the vision to break down barriers and create new possibilities with passion, ingenuity and hard work.And TriNet gets it.UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the year ended December 31, 2019 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number: 001-36373 TRINET GROUP, INC. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) One Park Place, Suite 600 Dublin, CA (Address of principal executive offices) 95-3359658 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 94568 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (510) 352-5000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common stock par value $0.000025 per share TNET New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. No No No No Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2019, was $3.0 billion. The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 6, 2020 was 68,750,437. Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement to be issued in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders, scheduled to be held on June 4, 2020, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. No No TRINET GROUP, INC. Form 10-K - Annual Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary Business Risk Factors Unresolved Staff Comments Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Selected Financial Data Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Controls and Procedures Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Signatures Form 10-K Cross Reference Page Part I, Item 1. Part I, Item 1A. Part I, Item 1B. Part I, Item 2. Part I, Item 3. Part I, Item 4. Part II, Item 5. Part II, Item 6. Part II, Item 7. Part II, Item 7A. Part II, Item 8. Part II, Item 9. Part II, Item 9A. Part II, Item 9B. Part III, Item 10. Part III, Item 11. Part III, Item 12. Part III, Item 13. Part III, Item 14. Part IV, Item 15. Part IV, Item 16. 1 5 13 25 25 25 25 26 29 33 50 51 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 92 GLOSSARY Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms and abbreviations are used throughout this report, particularly in Part I, Item 1. Business; Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors; Part II, Item 7. MD&A; Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk and Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. AB5 ACA ACH AFS ASC ASU Assembly Bill 5 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Automated Clearinghouse Transaction Available-for-sale Accounting standards codification Accounting standards update CCPA California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 COBRA Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act COPS COSO D&A DOL Cost of providing services Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of Treadway Commission Depreciation and amortization expenses U.S. Department of Labor EBITDA Earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization of intangible assets EPLI EPS Employment Practices Liability Insurance Earnings Per Share ERISA Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ESAC ESPP ETR FASB FLSA G&A GAAP HIPAA Employer Services Assurance Corporation Employee stock purchase plan Effective tax rate Financial Accounting Standards Board Fair Labor Standards Act General and administrative Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 HITECH Act Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 HR IBNP IBNR IGP IRS ISR LDF LIBOR MCT MD&A NIM NISR NSR OE Human Resources Incurred but not yet paid Incurred but not yet reported Indemnity Guarantee Payment Internal Revenue Service Insurance service revenues Loss development factor London Inter-bank Offered Rate Medical cost trend Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Net Insurance Margin Net Insurance Service Revenues Net service revenues Operating expenses 1 GLOSSARY PCAOB Public Company Accounting Oversight Board PEO PFC PHI PSR ROU RSA RSU SBC S&M Professional Employer Organization Payroll funds collected Protected Health Information Professional service revenues Right-of-use Restricted Stock Award Restricted Stock Unit Stock Based Compensation Sales and marketing S&P 500 Standard and Poor's 500 Stock Index SD&P SEC SMB TCJA U.S. WSE Systems development and programming Securities and Exchange Commission Small to midsize business Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 United States Worksite employee 2 BUSINESS Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements For purposes of this Annual Report, the terms “TriNet,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to TriNet Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries. This Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) contains statements that are not historical in nature, are predictive in nature, or that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or otherwise contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “ability,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “hope,” “impact,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “value,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, TriNet’s expectations regarding: the impact of our vertical approach, our ability to leverage our scale and industry HR experience to deliver vertical product and service offerings; the growth of our customer base; planned improvements to our technology platform; our ability to drive operating efficiencies and improve the customer experience; the impact of our customer service initiatives; the volume and severity of insurance claims; metrics that may be indicators of future financial performance; the relative value of our benefit offerings versus those SMBs can independently obtain; the principal competitive drivers in our market; our plans to retain clients and manage client attrition; our investment strategy and its impact on our ability to generate future interest income, net income, and Adjusted EBITDA; seasonal trends and their impact on our business; fluctuations in the period-to-period timing of when we incur certain operating expenses; the estimates and assumptions we use to prepare our financial statements; and other expectations, outlooks and forecasts on our future business, operational and financial performance. Important factors that could cause actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements are discussed above and throughout this Form 10- K, including under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, and Part II, Item 7. MD&A, and in the other periodic filings we make with the SEC, and including risk factors associated with: our ability to mitigate the business risks we face as a co- employer; our ability to manage unexpected changes in workers’ compensation and health insurance claims and costs by worksite employees; the effects of volatility in the financial and economic environment on the businesses that make up our client base; the impact of the concentration of our clients in certain geographies and industries; the impact of failures or limitations in the business systems we rely upon; adverse changes in our insurance coverage or our relationships with key insurance carriers; our ability to manage our client attrition; our ability to improve our technology to satisfy regulatory requirements and meet the expectations of our clients; our ability to effectively integrate businesses we have acquired or may acquire in the future; our ability to effectively manage and improve our operational processes; our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the effects of increased competition and our ability to compete effectively; the impact on our business of cyber-attacks and security breaches; our ability to secure our information technology infrastructure and our confidential, sensitive and personal information from cyber-attacks and security breaches; our ability to comply with constantly evolving data privacy and security laws; our ability to manage changes in, uncertainty regarding, or adverse application of the complex laws and regulations that govern our business; changing laws and regulations governing health insurance and employee benefits; our ability to be recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations; changes in the laws and regulations that govern what it means to be an employer, employee or independent contractor; our ability to comply with the laws and regulations that govern PEOs and other similar industries; the outcome of existing and future legal and tax proceedings; fluctuation in our results of operation and stock price due to factors outside of our control, such as the volume and severity of our workers’ compensation and health insurance claims and the amount and timing of our insurance costs, operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements; our ability to comply with the restrictions of our credit facility and meet our debt obligations; and the impact of concentrated ownership in our stock. Any of these factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from our anticipated results. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, but are based on management’s expectations as of the date of this Form 10-K and assumptions that are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from our current expectations and any past results, performance or achievements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. 3 BUSINESS The information provided in this Form 10-K is based upon the facts and circumstances known at this time, and any forward-looking statements made by us in this Form 10-K speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any of the information provided in this Form 10-K, except as required by law. Part II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data and Part II, Item 7. MD&A of this Form 10-K include references to our performance measures presented in conformity with GAAP and other non-GAAP financial measures that we use to manage our business, to make planning decisions, to allocate resources and to use as performance measures in our executive compensation plans. Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Part II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data for definitions and reconciliations from GAAP measures. 4 BUSINESS Item 1. Business PART I TriNet is a leading provider of HR expertise, payroll services, employee benefits and employment risk mitigation services for SMBs. Since our founding in 1988, TriNet has served, and continues to serve, thousands of SMBs. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we processed $41.7 billion in payroll and payroll taxes for our clients and ended 2019 with approximately 18,900 clients and 340,000 WSEs, primarily in the U.S. Our Products and Services We deliver a comprehensive suite of products and services, that facilitates the administration and management of various HR-related functions for our clients, including compensation and benefits, payroll processing, employee data, health insurance and workers' compensation programs, and other transactional HR needs using our technology platform and HR, benefits and compliance expertise. We also leverage our scale and industry HR experience to deliver product and service offerings for SMBs in specific industries. We believe our approach, which we call our vertical approach, is a key differentiator for us and creates additional value for our clients by allowing our product and service offerings to address HR needs in different client industries. We offer six industry-tailored vertical products, TriNet Financial Services, TriNet Life Sciences, TriNet Main Street, TriNet Nonprofit, TriNet Professional Services, and TriNet Technology. Our comprehensive HR products and solutions include the following capabilities: HR CONSULTING EXPERTISE BENEFIT OPTIONS PAYROLL SERVICES RISK MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM HR Consulting Expertise We use the collective knowledge and experience of our teams of HR, benefits, risk management and compliance professionals to help clients manage many of the administrative, regulatory and practical requirements associated with being employers. Our HR professionals and services help clients address a variety of HR issues, including consulting on talent management, retention and terminations, benefits enrollment, immigration and visas, payroll tax credits, labor law and regulatory developments and many other industry-specific and general HR topics. Depending on their needs, our clients and WSEs have access to varying levels of service and support from our HR professionals ranging from call center support for basic questions, to pooled HR resources, to onsite consulting and services. Our HR professionals also provide additional specialized HR consulting and services upon request. Benefit Options We utilize our scale to provide our clients and WSEs access to a broad range of cost-effective, TriNet-sponsored employee benefit and insurance programs at a cost that we believe most of our clients would be unable to obtain on their own. We believe that our TriNet-sponsored programs help clients compete for talent against larger businesses. Our benefit and insurance programs are designed to comply with federal, state and local regulations, and our benefit and insurance service offerings include plan selection and administration, enrollment management, leave management, plan document distribution and WSE and client communications. Under our benefit and insurance programs, we pay third-party insurance carriers for WSE insurance benefits and reimburse insurance carriers or third-party administrators for claims payments within our insurance deductible layer, where applicable. 5 BUSINESS We sponsor and administer several fully insured employee benefit plans through a broad range of carriers, including group health, dental, vision, short- and long-term disability, and life insurance as an employer plan sponsor under Section 3(5) of ERISA. We also offer other benefit programs to WSEs, including flexible spending accounts, health savings accounts, retirement benefits, COBRA benefits, supplemental insurance, commuter benefits, home insurance, critical illness insurance, accident insurance, hospital indemnity, pet insurance, and auto insurance. For further discussion of our fully insured programs including policies where we reimburse our carriers for certain amounts relating to claims, refer to Note 1 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. Payroll Services We help clients manage all aspects of their employee compensation by providing multi-state payroll processing, tax administration services and other payroll-related services, such as time and attendance management, time off and overtime tracking, and expense management solutions. Our clients and WSEs can access payroll and tax information using our online and mobile tools. Our tax administration services include calculating, withholding, remitting and reporting certain federal, state and local payroll and unemployment taxes on behalf of clients and WSEs. Risk Mitigation We monitor employment-related legal and regulatory developments at the federal, state, and levels to help our clients comply with employment laws and mitigate many of the risks associated with being an employer. We provide guidance on employment laws and regulations, including those relating to minimum wage, unemployment insurance, family and medical leave and anti-discrimination. We also ensure that our TriNet-sponsored benefit plans comply with applicable laws and regulations, like the ACA, reducing this compliance burden to our clients. We provide fully insured workers' compensation insurance coverage for our clients and WSEs through insurance policies that we negotiate with our third-party insurance carriers. We manage the deductible risk that we assume in connection with these policies by being selective in the types of businesses that we take on as new clients, and by monitoring claims data and the performance of our carriers and third-party claims management service providers. In addition, we advise clients on workers’ compensation best practices, including by performing workplace assessment consultations and assisting with client efforts to identify conditions or practices that might lead to employee injuries. We also provide EPLI coverage for our clients through insurance policies that we obtain from a third-party EPLI carrier. These policies provide coverage for certain claims that arise in the course of the employment relationship, such as discrimination, harassment, and certain other employee claims, with a per-claim retention amount. The retention amount is split between the client and TriNet. Our HR professionals assist our clients in implementing HR best practices to help avoid and reduce the cost of employment-related liabilities. Litigation defense is conducted by our preferred outside employment law firms. Technology Platform Our technology platform includes online and mobile tools that allow our clients and WSEs to store, view, and manage HR information and administer a variety of HR transactions, such as payroll processing, tax administration, employee onboarding and termination, compensation reporting, expense management, and benefits enrollment and administration. Our online tools also incorporate workforce analytics, allowing clients to generate HR data, payroll, total compensation and other custom reports. In 2019, we continued to make significant investments in our technology platform on projects intended to provide our users with improved functionality, HR management options, and security. We intend to continue to invest in our technology platform to improve its functionality, ease of use, security and the overall user experience for our clients and WSEs. We believe the continued investment in and improvement of our technology platform will drive operating efficiencies and improve the client experience. We invested approximately $74 million, $81 million and $74 million, during 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, developing our technology platform. 6 BUSINESS Our Co-Employment Model We operate using a co-employment model, under which employment-related responsibilities are allocated by contract between us and our clients. This model allows WSEs to receive the full benefit of our services, including access to TriNet-sponsored employee benefit plan offerings. Each of our clients enters into a client service agreement with us that defines the suite of professional and insurance services and benefits to be provided by us, the fees payable to us, and the division of responsibilities between us and our clients as co-employers. WSEs also separately acknowledge the co-employment relationship and the allocation of employment-related responsibilities between TriNet and our clients. The division of responsibilities under our client service agreements is typically as follows: TriNet Responsibilities We generally assume responsibility for, and manage certain risks associated with: • • • • • • • payments of salaries, wages and certain other compensation to WSEs from our own bank accounts (based on client reports and payments), including the processing of garnishment and wage deduction orders, reporting of wages, withholding and deposit of associated payroll taxes as the employer of record, provision and maintenance of workers' compensation insurance and workers' compensation claims processing, access to, and administration of, group health, welfare, and retirement benefits to WSEs under TriNet-sponsored benefit plans, compliance with applicable law for certain employee benefits offered to WSEs, administration of unemployment claims, and provision of various HR policies and agreements, including employee handbooks and worksite employee agreements describing the co-employment relationship. Client Responsibilities Our clients are responsible for employment-related responsibilities that we do not specifically assume, generally including: • • • • • • • • day-to-day management of their worksites and WSEs, compliance with laws associated with the classification of employees as exempt or non-exempt, such as overtime pay and minimum wage law compliance, accurate and timely reporting to TriNet of compensation and deduction information, including information relating to hours worked, rates of pay, salaries, wages and other compensation, and work locations, accurate and timely reporting to TriNet of information relating to workplace injuries, employee hires and termination, and certain other information relevant to TriNet’s services, provision and administration of any employee benefits not provided by TriNet such as equity incentive plans, compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to the clients' workplace and business, including work eligibility laws, laws relating to workplace safety or the environment, laws relating to family and medical leave, laws pertaining to employee organizing efforts and collective bargaining and employee termination notice requirements, payment of TriNet invoices, which include salary, wages and other relevant compensation to WSEs and applicable employment taxes and service fees, and all other matters for which TriNet does not assume responsibility under the client service agreement, such as intellectual property ownership and protection and liability for products produced and services provided by the client company to its own customers. As a result of our co-employment relationships, we are liable for payment of salary, wages and certain other compensation to the WSEs as reported and paid to us by the client, and are responsible for providing specified employee benefits to such persons to the extent provided in each client service agreement and under federal and state law. In most instances, clients are required to remit payment prior to the applicable payroll date by wire transfer or ACH. 7 BUSINESS We also assume responsibility for payment and liability for the withholding and remittance of federal and state income and employment taxes with respect to salaries, wages and certain other compensation paid to WSEs, although we reserve the right to seek recourse against our clients for any liabilities arising out of their conduct. We perform these functions as the statutory employer for federal employment tax purposes, since our clients transfer legal control over these payroll functions to us. The laws that govern the payment of salaries, wages and related payroll taxes for our WSEs are complex and the various federal, state and local laws that govern such payments can vary significantly. Based on applicable law in any jurisdiction, we or our client may be held ultimately liable for those obligations if we fail to remit taxes. Sales and Marketing Our Sales Organization We sell our solutions primarily through our direct sales organization. We have aligned our sales organization by industry vertical with the goal of growing profitable market share in our targeted industries. This vertical approach deepens our network of relationships and gives us an understanding of the unique HR needs facing SMBs in those industries. Our sales representatives are supported by marketing, lead generation efforts, and referral sources and networks. We sponsor and participate in associations and events around the country and utilize these forums to target specific vertical and geographic markets. We also generate sales opportunities within key industry verticals, through marketing alliances and other indirect channels, such as accounting firms, venture capital firms, incubators, insurance brokers, and vertical market industry associations. Additionally, we utilize digital marketing programs, including digital advertising, search and email marketing, to create awareness and interest in our products. Our Marketing Organization Our marketing organization is charged with driving overall brand awareness, managing lead generation, creating and managing our website and other online properties, creating content for our outbound and inbound marketing efforts, media relations, and managing our sponsorships, major marketing events, and client communications. In 2019 our marketing team focused on strategic marketing, communications and branding initiatives, in part by augmenting our comprehensive company re-branding campaign, Incredible Starts Here, with our marketing campaign, People Matter, that included social media and advertising across digital, television, radio and out-of-home media. Legal and Regulatory Our business operates in a complex legal and regulatory environment due to a myriad of federal, state and local laws and regulations that impact our business. Below is a summary of what we believe are the most important legal and regulatory issues for our business. For additional information on the impact of these and other laws and regulations on our business and results of operations, refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K, under the heading - Legal and Compliance Risks. Employer Status We sponsor our employee benefit plan offerings as the employer of our WSEs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), ERISA and applicable state law. The multiple definitions of “employer” under both the Code and ERISA are not clear and most are defined in part by complex multi-factor tests under common law. We believe that we qualify as an “employer” of our WSEs in the U.S. under both the Code and ERISA, as well as various state laws, but this status could be subject to challenge by various regulators. For additional information on our employer status and its impact on our business and results of operations, refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10- K, under the heading - If we are not recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations, we and our clients could be adversely impacted. 8 BUSINESS Health Insurance and Health Care Reform Our sponsored employee health plan offerings are an important component of the products and services that we provide. The future of health care reform continues to evolve in the U.S. For example, the passage of the ACA in 2010 implemented sweeping health care reforms with staggered effective dates from 2010 through 2022, and many provisions in the ACA still require the issuance of additional guidance from the DOL, the IRS, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and various U.S. states. Passage of the TCJA in 2017 eliminated the individual mandate tax penalty under the ACA beginning in 2019, while retaining employer ACA obligations. States have developed, and will continue to develop, varying approaches to state-based health exchanges. Further significant changes to health care statutes, regulations and policy at the federal, state and local levels could occur in 2020 and beyond, including the potential further modification, amendment or repeal of the ACA, and we may need to adapt the manner in which we conduct our business as a result of any such changes. For additional information on the ACA and its impact on our business and results of operations, refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K, under the heading - Changing laws and regulations governing health insurance and other traditional employee benefits at the federal, state and local level could negatively affect our business. Data Privacy and Security Regulations We collect , store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process a significant amount of confidential, sensitive and personal information from and about our actual and potential clients, WSEs and corporate employees, and we are subject to a variety of federal, state and foreign laws, rules, and regulations in connection with such activities. As a sponsor of employee benefit plans, we also have access to certain protected health information (PHI) of our WSEs and corporate employees. Management of PHI is subject to several regulations at the federal level, including HIPAA and the HITECH Act. HIPAA contains restrictions and health data privacy, security and breach notification requirements with respect to the use and disclosure of PHI. Further, there are penalties and fines for HIPAA violations. Because TriNet sponsored health plans are covered entities under HIPAA, we are required to comply with HIPAA's portability, privacy, and security requirements. We are also subject, among other applicable federal laws, rules and regulations, to the rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission. The U.S. Congress has considered, but not yet passed, several comprehensive federal data privacy bills over the past few years, such as the CONSENT Act, which was intended to be similar to the landmark 2018 European Union General Data Protection Regulations. We expect federal data privacy laws to continue to evolve. At the state and local level, there is increased focus on regulating the collection, storage, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of confidential, sensitive and personal information. In recent years, we have seen significant changes to data privacy regulations across the U.S., including the enactment of the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), which went into effect in January 2020. The CCPA increases privacy rights for California residents and imposes obligations on companies that process their personal information, including an obligation to provide certain new disclosures to such residents. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. The CCPA was amended in September 2018 and October 2019, and further amendments may be enacted. New legislation proposed or enacted in Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Washington and other states, including a proposed right to privacy amendment to the Vermont Constitution, impose, or has the potential to impose, additional obligations on companies that collect , store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process confidential, sensitive and personal information, and will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally. In addition, all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Canada have enacted data breach notification laws that may require us to notify WSEs, clients, employees, third parties or regulators in the event of unauthorized access to or disclosure of personal or confidential information. Complying with existing and new data privacy and security regulations could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Any failure to comply with existing and new data privacy and security regulations could result in significant penalties, damage our reputation and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business. For additional information on the privacy and security of the confidential, sensitive and personal information and PHI we possess and the potential impact to our business if we fail to protect such information, refer to each of the risk factors included in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K, under the heading - Data Privacy and Security Risks. 9 BUSINESS PEO Licensing Laws Nearly all states have adopted laws and regulations for licensing, registration, certification or recognition of PEOs and the IRS has implemented a federal licensing program for PEOs. We expect states without such laws and regulations to adopt them in the future. While these laws and regulations can vary widely, most regulators monitor the financial health and other relevant business information of PEOs on an annual or quarterly basis. In some cases, these laws and regulations codify and clarify the co-employment relationship for certain payroll, unemployment, workers' compensation and other employment-related purposes or require specific client contractual terms and/or WSE disclosures. We believe we comply in all material respects with the applicable PEO laws and regulations in each state and jurisdiction in which we operate. For additional information, refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10- K, under the heading - If we fail to qualify as a co-employer of WSEs under applicable federal and state licensing rules, or if we are deemed to be operating in certain insurance-related industries, we and our clients could be adversely impacted. Payroll and Unemployment Taxes We must also comply with the federal and state payroll tax and unemployment tax requirements that apply where our clients are located. Tax reform efforts, and other payroll tax changes, at the federal, state and local level can impact our payroll tax reporting obligations for our clients and the products and services we can provide. State unemployment tax rates vary by state based, in part, on prior years’ compensation and unemployment claims experience and may also vary based on the overall claims experience of a PEO. As a result, depending on where clients are located, the fees we charge for unemployment taxes can be higher or lower than a client could obtain alone. In some cases, the unemployment taxes we pay can also be retroactively increased to cover deficiencies in the unemployment tax funds. Other Employment Regulations We must also comply with labor and employment laws, which can change frequently at the federal, state and local level. In particular, regulatory focus on the classification of employers, employees and independent contractors has the potential to significantly change how we and other PEOs operate and the products and services that we and other PEOs can provide to our clients and WSEs. For example, in September 2019 California passed AB5, a law that could potentially reclassify client independent contractors as employees. Similarly, in January 2020, the DOL issued a new rule broadening the definition of joint employer used under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). We do not believe that we are a joint employer under the new DOL rule, but the impact of new regulations like these could lead to increased legal claims against us or our clients, increase our compliance costs, or require changes to how we operate our business and the products and services we provide to our clients and WSEs. For additional information, refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K, under the heading - The definition of employers, employees and independent contractors is evolving. Changes to the laws and regulations that govern what it means to be an employer or an employee may require us to make significant changes in our operations and may negatively affect our business. Acquisitions Historically, we have pursued acquisitions to both expand our product capabilities and supplement our growth across geographies and certain industry verticals. Our acquisition targets have included PEOs and other HR solution providers as well as technology companies or technology product offerings to supplement or enhance our existing HR solutions. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions, where appropriate, that will enable us to add new clients and WSEs, expand our presence in certain geographies or industry verticals and offer our clients and WSEs more attractive products and services. Client Industries and Geographies Our clients are distributed across a variety of industries, including technology, professional services, financial services, life sciences, not-for-profit, property management, retail, manufacturing, and hospitality. Our clients execute annual service contracts with us that automatically renew. Generally, our clients may cancel these contracts with thirty days' notice to us and we may cancel these contracts with thirty days' notice. Nearly all of our revenues are generated within the United States and its territories and substantially all our long-lived assets are located in the United States. 10 BUSINESS Seasonality Our business is affected by seasonality in client business activity and WSE product selection, health claims costs and payroll taxes: • Clients generally change their payroll service providers at the beginning of the payroll tax year; as a result, we have historically experienced our highest volumes of new and exiting clients in the month of January. • WSEs select our benefit products during their respective open enrollment periods, which occur throughout the year. We have historically experienced the largest proportion of WSE benefit changes in the first and fourth quarters. • Health claims cost tend to increase throughout the year as the utilization of medical services above each WSE's deductible causes our insurance costs to increase. In addition, the overall use of medical services by WSEs, including elective procedures, tends to increase later in the calendar year. • Certain payroll tax related billings are based on the WSE's annual taxable wage base up to a set cap. WSEs frequently meet these wage base caps in the first two quarters of the year, depending on the WSE's compensation level, resulting in lower related billing contributions to PSR in the latter half of the year. Competition We face competition from: • PEOs that compete directly with us, • HR and information systems departments and personnel of companies that administer employee benefits, payroll and HR for their companies in-house, • • • • providers of certain endpoint HR services, including payroll, employee benefits, business process outsourcers with high-volume transaction and administrative capabilities, and other third-party administrators, employee benefit exchanges that provide benefits administration services over the Internet to companies that otherwise maintain their own employee benefit plans, alternative and non-traditional benefit providers, and insurance brokers who allow third-party HR systems to integrate with their technology platform. Our competitors include large PEOs such as the TotalSource unit of Automatic Data Processing, Inc., the PEO operations of Paychex, Inc. and Insperity, Inc., as well as specialized and smaller PEOs and similar HR service providers with PEO operations. To the extent that we and other companies providing these services are successful in growing our businesses, we anticipate that future competitors will enter this industry. We believe that our services are attractive to many SMBs in part because of our ability to provide access to a broad range of TriNet-sponsored workers' compensation, health insurance and other benefits programs on a cost-effective basis. We compete with insurance brokers and other providers of insurance and benefits coverage, and our offerings must be priced competitively with those provided by these competitors in order for us to attract and retain our clients. We believe that we compete based upon the breadth and depth of our benefit plans, vertical market expertise, total cost of service, brand awareness and reputation, ability to innovate and respond to client needs rapidly, access to online and mobile solutions, and subject matter expertise. We believe that we are competitive across these factors. For additional information about our competition, please refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, of this Form 10-K, under the heading - To succeed, we must work to improve our products and services to meet the expectations of our clients and applicable regulations. If we fail to meet those expectations and regulations, we may lose clients and harm our business. Intellectual Property We own or license from third parties various computer software, as well as other intellectual property rights, used in our business. Generally, we protect our intellectual property rights through the use of confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements and policies with our employees and third-party partners and vendors. We also own registered trademarks in the United States, Canada and the European Union covering our name and other trademarks and logos that we believe are materially important to our operations. 11 BUSINESS Corporate Employees We refer to our employees that are not co-employed with our clients as our corporate employees. We had approximately 2,900 corporate employees as of December 31, 2019. Our corporate employees are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Corporate and Other Available Information We were incorporated in 1988 as TriNet Employer Group, Inc., a California corporation. We reincorporated as TriNet Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation, in 2000 and during that year changed our name to TriNet Group, Inc. Our principal executive office is located at One Park Place, Suite 600, Dublin, CA 94568 and our telephone number is (510) 352-5000. Our website address is www.trinet.com. Information contained in or accessible through our website is not a part of this report. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge at investor.trinet.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Alternatively, the public may access these reports at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this report and are not part of this report. 12 RISK FACTORS Item 1A. Risk Factors Below is a discussion of the risks that we believe are significant to our business. These risks are not the only ones we face. We may face additional risks that we do not currently consider to be significant or of which we are not currently aware, and any of these risks could cause our actual results to differ materially from historical or anticipated results. You should carefully consider these risks along with the other information provided in this Annual Report, including the information in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our accompanying consolidated financial statements, as well as the information under the heading "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" before investing in any of our securities. We may amend, supplement or add to the risk factors described below from time to time in future reports filed with the SEC. Operational Risks Our co-employment relationship with our worksite employees exposes us to business risks. We are the co-employer of our WSEs. As the co-employer of our WSEs, we assume certain risks and obligations of an employer. For instance, we face the risk of providing access to health benefits to our WSEs even if the cost of providing benefits exceeds the fees received from our clients. The extent of our responsibility for other aspects of our co-employer relationship with our WSEs remains subject to regulatory uncertainty at the federal, state and local levels. For example, under certain circumstances, we may be found to be responsible for paying salaries, wages and related payroll taxes of our WSEs, even if our clients have not timely remitted payments to us. Our WSEs work in our clients' workplaces. Our ability to control the workplace environment of our clients is limited. As a co-employer of WSEs, we may be subject to liability for violations of labor and employment laws, workers' compensation laws, industry-specific laws that apply to the businesses our clients operate, and other laws that apply to our clients or to employers generally. We may also be liable for acts and omissions by our clients or WSEs, even if we do not violate such laws or participate in such acts or omissions. Federal and state positions regarding co- employment relationships can change, and have frequently changed in the past, with varying degrees of impact on our operations. We cannot predict when changes will occur or forecast whether any particular future changes will be favorable or unfavorable to our operations. Any such changes could reduce or eliminate the attractiveness of using a PEO and/or significantly increase our compliance costs and the cost to provide our products or services, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We seek to mitigate these risks through agreements and insurance coverage and by requiring certain clients to pre- fund certain obligations. Our agreements with our clients divide responsibilities between us and our clients and provide that our clients will indemnify us for any liability attributable to their own or our WSEs' conduct. However, we may not be able to effectively enforce or collect on these obligations. In addition, we maintain insurance coverage, including workers’ compensation and EPLI coverage, to limit our and our clients' exposure to various WSE-related claims, but subject to split by contract, we are still responsible for any deductible layer under such insurance and such insurance generally excludes coverage for claims relating to the classification of employees as exempt or non-exempt, other wage and hour issues, and employment contract disputes. We cannot assure you that our insurance will be sufficient in amount or scope to cover all claims that may be asserted against us and for which we are unable to obtain indemnification from our clients. Negative publicity relating to events or activities attributed to us or our corporate employees as a result of the actions of our customers and WSEs, or others associated with them, whether or not justified, may tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. In addition, if our brand is negatively impacted, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, including creating challenges in retaining clients or attracting new clients and hiring and retaining employees. Unexpected changes in workers' compensation and health insurance costs and claims by worksite employees could harm our business. Our insurance costs, which make up a significant portion of our overall costs, are significantly affected by our WSEs’ health and workers' compensation insurance claims experience. Our fully insured insurance plans are provided by third-party insurance carriers under risk-based or under guaranteed-cost insurance policies. Refer to Note 1 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K for further discussion of these policies. 13 RISK FACTORS Under our risk-based health insurance policies, we assume the risk of variability in future health claims costs for our enrollees. We have experienced variability, and may experience variability in the future, in the amounts that we are required to pay for group health insurance expenses incurred by WSEs within our deductible layer under these risk- based policies, based on changing trends in the volume and severity of medical and pharmaceutical claims. This variability arises from changes to the components of medical cost trend (MCT), defined as changes in participant use of services, the introduction of new treatment options, changes in treatment guidelines and mandates, and changes in the mix and unit cost of services provided to plan participants. These trends change, and other seasonal trends and variability may develop, which makes it difficult for us to predict this aspect of our business and which may have a material adverse effect on our business. Under our fully insured workers' compensation insurance policies, we assume the risk for losses up to $1 million per claim occurrence (deductible layer). Refer to Note 1 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K for further discussion of these policies. The ultimate cost of the workers’ compensation services provided will not be known until all the claims are settled. If we do not accurately predict the risks that we assume, we may not charge adequate fees to cover our costs, which could reduce our net income and result in a material adverse effect on our business. Our ability to predict these costs is limited by unexpected increases in frequency or severity of claims, which can vary due to changes in the cost of treatments or claim settlements. We accrue for the estimated future costs of reimbursing our workers' compensation and health insurance carriers under our insurance policies, using external actuaries and our own experience to develop the estimates, but the volume and severity of claims activity is inherently unpredictable. Estimating these accrued costs requires us to consider a number of factors and requires significant judgment. In addition, we accrue for estimated future costs of reimbursing our workers' compensation and health insurance carriers under our insurance policies, using external actuaries and our own experience to develop the estimates. Estimating these accrued costs requires us to consider a number of factors and requires significant judgment. If we subsequently receive updated information indicating that the volume and severity of insurance claims were higher or lower than previously estimated and reported, our insurance costs could be higher or lower, respectively, in that period or subsequent periods as we adjust our accrued costs accordingly, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. We have experienced both favorable and unfavorable insurance cost variability due to claims activity in the past and could have similar or worse experiences in the future. Refer to Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates in Part II, Item 7. MD&A, of this Form 10-K for further discussion of these estimates. Our SMB clients are particularly affected by volatility in the financial and economic environment, which could harm our business. Our clients are small and mid-sized businesses that we believe can be susceptible to changes in the level of overall economic activity in the markets in which we operate. These businesses are often exposed to credit and cash liquidity risks that larger businesses may be able to avoid and during periods of weak economic conditions, small business failures tend to increase and employment levels tend to decrease. During these periods, our clients have in the past and may in the future reduce employee headcount, compensation and/or benefits levels, which could negatively affect our revenues and margins if we are unable to reduce our operating expenses sufficiently or quickly enough. Weak economic forecasts or conditions have in the past and may in the future also affect the willingness of our clients and potential clients to pay outside vendors for services like ours, and may impact their ability to pay their obligations to us on time, or at all. During such periods, we are also likely to see an increase in unemployment and related COBRA claims and employment-related costs from our clients and WSEs and we may be legally or practically unable to recover these costs or increase the fees we charge our customers in these situations. In addition, most of our clients are concentrated in certain geographic regions and operate in a relatively small number of industries, including the technology, life sciences, not-for-profit, professional services and financial services industries. As a result, if any of those geographic regions or specific industries suffers a downturn, even if the economy at the national level remains strong, the portion of our business attributable to clients in that region or industry could be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. 14 RISK FACTORS Any failure in our business systems, or in any third-party business systems or service provider that we rely upon, could reduce the quality of our business services, harm our reputation and expose us to liability. Our business is highly dependent on in-house and third-party data processing centers and systems that rely on the complex integration of numerous hardware and software subsystems to manage, on a daily basis, a large volume of client and WSE transactions, including the processing of employee, payroll and benefits data. In addition, we rely on third-party systems to provide services for our clients and WSEs, including insurance carrier networks and databases that manage the benefits provided to, and claims made by, our clients and WSEs and electronic banking systems and payroll tax systems that transmit payments and data to clients, WSEs and taxing agencies. These centers and systems have been, and could be disrupted by, among other things, equipment failures, computer server or systems failures, network outages, malicious acts, software errors or defects, vendor performance problems, power failures, natural disasters, terrorist actions or similar events. We have also experienced office closures on the East Coast on multiple occasions over the past few years due to hurricane threats, and in California due to increased wildfire threats in the state. Our offices and data processing centers in these and other locations will continue to face the risk of closure or damage in the future due to climate change. Any delay or failure in our business continuity response to these events, or in the response of our third-party service providers, even if only for a short period of time, can have a significant impact on our clients and WSEs. This could cause clients to leave us, result in reduced revenues, increase our liability to our clients and WSEs, any of which could result in a materially adverse effect on our reputation and business. We also rely on enterprise software applications licensed from third parties that are updated from time to time. Any failure of these systems for any reason could delay or prevent us from providing services to our clients, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Adverse changes in our insurance coverage, or in our relationships with key insurance carriers, could harm our business. Our success depends in part on our ability to maintain competitive health and workers' compensation coverage options and insurance rates through well-known insurance carriers. If we are unable to maintain competitive insurance rates or obtain popular and desirable coverage plans through well-known insurance carriers, it could affect our ability to attract and retain clients, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Where we sponsor insurance coverage and we are not responsible for any deductibles, our carriers set the fixed cost of the plan, which may lead to uncompetitive fees. Even where we sponsor insurance under which we are responsible for deductibles, we may not be able to control our costs in a way that would make our fees competitive. In addition, broad adoption of our services in certain geographic regions or industries may make it more difficult for us to obtain competitive health and/or workers' compensation insurance rates due to concentration of clients within a particular region or industry. The loss of any one or more of our key insurance vendors in these areas, or our inability to partner with certain vendors that are better-known or more desirable to our clients or potential clients, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Clients may terminate our services based on a variety of factors, many of which are difficult for us to control, which can negatively impact our business. We regularly experience client attrition due to a variety of factors that are difficult for us to control or predict, including cost pressures, client merger and acquisition activity, reactions to any proposed increases in administrative and insurance service fees by us, client business failure, effects of competition, and client decisions to bring their HR administration in-house. Our standard client service agreement can generally be canceled by us or by the client without penalty with 30 days’ prior written notice. If we were to experience client attrition in excess of our historic annual attrition rate, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. To succeed, we must work to improve our products and services to meet the expectations of our clients and applicable regulations. If we fail to meet those expectations and regulations, we may lose clients and harm our business. In order to attract and retain clients, we believe that we must compete in our industry effectively on the basis of the value proposition that we deliver to our clients including customer experience and satisfaction, relevance and price of our benefit plans, vertical market expertise, total price of service, brand awareness and reputation, ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly, access to online and mobile solutions, and subject matter expertise. The expectations of our clients and prospective clients in these areas change over time as a result of many factors outside of our control, such as competition, regulatory and technical changes, and changing trends in the demands employees place on SMB employers. If we are unable to satisfy the evolving product and service delivery expectations of our clients and WSEs, then we could experience lower client satisfaction, lower rates for on-boarding new clients and higher client attrition, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. 15 RISK FACTORS To satisfy the product and service delivery expectations of our clients and regulators, we must also timely and effectively identify, develop, or license the technologies we need, and implement those technologies into the solutions that we provide. New products or upgrades may not be released according to schedule, or may contain defects when released. Difficulties with the performance of our new technologies could result in adverse publicity, loss of sales, delay in market acceptance of our services, or client claims against us, any of which could materially harm our business. Even if we are capable of satisfying client expectations in these areas, we may not be able to do so on a cost-effective basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our results of operations. In addition, we could lose market share if our competitors develop superior products and services or satisfy client or regulatory demands before we are able to do so. We have acquired, and may in the future acquire, other businesses and technologies, which can divert management's attention and create integration risks and other risks for our business. We have completed numerous acquisitions of other businesses and technologies, and we expect that we will continue to pursue future acquisitions. Acquisitions involve numerous other risks, some of which we have experienced in the past and which we may experience in the future, including: • • • • • • • • over-valuing and over-paying for businesses and technologies, increased operating costs and unanticipated costs to successfully integrate the clients, WSEs, operations, systems, technologies, services and personnel of the acquired business, establishing or maintaining required internal controls, procedures and policies for the acquired business, diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, litigation resulting from the activities of the acquired business, insufficient revenues, insurance or seller indemnification to offset increased expenses associated with the acquisitions and unanticipated liabilities of the acquired businesses, entering markets in which we have no prior experience and may not succeed, potential loss of key employees or key clients of the acquired business as a result of the acquisition or integration of the acquired business. We have experienced increased operating costs to resolve the challenges of prior acquisitions. If we fail to appropriately integrate any acquired business, we may fail to achieve our growth, service enhancement or operational efficiency objectives, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. Our business and operations have undergone and will continue to undergo significant change as we seek to improve our operational effectiveness. If we are unable to effectively manage this change, our business and results of operations may suffer. We have changed our operations and internal processes in recent periods in order to improve our operational effectiveness, and to provide improved client support and services. Managing these changes will continue to require further refinement to our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and procedures while we simultaneously seek to effectively recruit, integrate, train and motivate new corporate employees, retain our existing corporate employees, maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture, effectively execute our business plan, satisfy the requirements of our existing clients, acquire new clients, and enhance the quality and scope of our services. These activities will require significant operating and capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources, which we expect will continue to place significant demands on our management and on our operational and financial infrastructure. If we fail to manage these changes effectively, our costs and expenses may increase more than we expect and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed. 16 RISK FACTORS If we are unable to attract, maintain and manage qualified personnel, including our sales force, our business may be harmed. Our ability to provide the products and services that our clients need, satisfy our strategic objectives and grow depends in part on our ability to attract and retain highly motivated and qualified personnel. Competition for skilled employees is intense and, if we are unable to attract and retain such personnel, our business may suffer. In addition, we have invested significant time and resources into developing a corporate culture that we believe will help us provide improved products and services and increase client satisfaction with our services. If we are unable to attract and retain the personnel needed to support and further develop our corporate culture, our business may not grow at the rate that we anticipate, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. For example, we have experienced in the past, and may in the future experience, elevated sales force attrition as a result of our change in industry focus, compensation structure changes, third-party competition for sales talent and other factors. Newly hired sales personnel are typically not productive for some period of time following their hiring, which results in increased near-term costs to us relative to their actual sales contributions during this period. If we are unable to effectively train and maintain an adequately seasoned sales force, our revenues likely will not increase at the rate that we anticipate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, we rely on qualified personnel to properly manage and maintain our internal control processes, including internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control environment involves a significant number of manual procedures. If we are unable to effectively train and maintain qualified personnel to manage and operate these procedures, it is possible that our internal controls may not remain effective, which could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our common stock, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties, and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition. Our industry is competitive, which may limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or improve our results of operations. We face significant competition on a national and regional level from other PEOs, as well as other existing, and potential, companies and industries that service, or may in the future service, client HR needs. Refer to the heading “Competition” under Part I, Item 1. Business, above for more details. Our competitors, regardless of industry, may have greater marketing and financial resources than we have, and may be better positioned than we are in certain markets. Increased competition in our industry could result in price reductions or loss of market share, any of which could harm our business. We expect that we will continue to experience competitive pricing pressure. Moreover, we may not be successful in convincing potential clients that the use of our services is a superior, cost- effective means of satisfying their HR obligations relative to the way in which they currently satisfy these obligations either by themselves or by using the services of our competitors. If we cannot compete effectively against other PEOs or against the alternative means by which companies meet their HR obligations, or if we are unable to convince clients or potential clients of the advantages of our offerings, our market share and business may suffer, resulting in a material, adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Data Privacy and Security Risks Cyber-attacks or other security-related incidents could result in reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims, regulatory penalties, and damage to our reputation. We collect, store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process a significant amount of confidential, sensitive and personal information from and about our actual and potential clients, WSEs and corporate employees, including bank account and social security numbers, tax information, certain medical information, certain health claim information, PHI, retirement account information and payroll data. Maintaining the security of our infrastructure and the confidentiality of the confidential, sensitive and personal information of our clients, WSEs and corporate employees is critical as the clients, WSEs and corporate employees using our technology platform and services rely on our security infrastructure to protect their confidential, sensitive and personal information. In providing our services, we also rely on third-party service providers, such as insurance carriers and banks, who also have access to confidential, sensitive and personal information about our clients, WSEs and corporate employees. Some of those service providers in turn subcontract with other service providers. 17 RISK FACTORS Due to the size and complexity of our technology platform and services, the amount of confidential, sensitive and personal information that we store and the number of clients, WSEs, corporate employees and service providers with access to confidential, sensitive and personal information, we and our service providers are potentially vulnerable to a variety of intentional and inadvertent cyber-attacks and other security-related incidents and threats, which could result in a disclosure of information and a material adverse effect on our business. The occurrence of any actual or attempted cyber-attack or other security-related incident, the reporting of such an incident, whether accurate or not, or our failure to make adequate or timely disclosures to the public or law enforcement agencies following any such event, whether due to delayed discovery or a failure to follow existing protocols, could result in significant fines, penalties, orders, sanctions and proceedings or actions against us or our service providers by governmental bodies and other regulatory authorities, clients or third parties, which could in turn result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any such fines, penalties, order, sanctions, proceedings or actions, and any related indemnification obligation, could damage our reputation, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of these proceedings or to pay fines and penalties, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business or result in the imposition of financial liability. Threats to our information technology systems and data security can take a variety of forms. Hackers may develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack our networks and data centers or those of our service providers. Other malicious actors may direct social engineering, phishing, credential stuffing, ransomware, denial or degradation of service attacks and similar types of attacks against any or all of us, our clients and our service providers. Other threats include inadvertent security breaches or theft, misuse or unauthorized access or other improper actions by our employees, clients, WSEs, service providers and other business partners. Cyber-attacks and other security-related incidents are increasing in frequency and evolving in nature. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of cyber-attacks and other security-related incidents, there can be no assurance that any security procedures and controls that we or our service providers have implemented will be sufficient to prevent such incidents from occurring. Furthermore, because the methods of attack and deception change frequently, are increasingly complex and sophisticated, and can originate from a wide variety of sources, including third parties such as service providers and even nation-state actors, it is possible that we may not be able to anticipate, detect, appropriately react and respond to, or implement effective preventative measures against, all cyber-attacks and other security-related incidents. As a result, disclosure of confidential, sensitive and personal information could occur due to the occurrence of such attacks of incidents, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. We, our clients and our service providers have been the victims of these types of threats, attacks and security breaches in the past. No security measures, procedures, technology or amount of preparation can provide guaranteed protection from these threats, and we, our clients and our service providers expect to be victims again in the future. Cyber-attacks have disrupted, or resulted in unauthorized access to, our networks, applications, bank accounts, and confidential, sensitive and personal information, or those of our clients or WSEs or service providers, in the past and successful attacks may occur again in the future. We, our service providers and our clients have experienced security incidents in the past that led to disclosure of the confidential, sensitive or personal information we possess and we and they could experience such incidents in the future. In addition, we have in the past been, and may in the future be, required to report data breaches to regulators, affected individuals, clients and other third parties. While we do not believe that any such past events resulted in material expenditures or a material loss of confidential, sensitive or personal information, we cannot guarantee that any future events will not have a material impact on our operations. Any cyber-attack, unauthorized intrusion, insider theft, malicious software infiltration, network disruption, denial of service or other data security incident could result in disruption to our clients' or service providers' systems and services, product development delays, compliance breaches, and the disclosure or misuse of confidential, sensitive and personal information. This could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, result in liability, fines and penalties or other regulatory sanctions, a loss of confidence in our ability to provide our services, and/or harm our reputation and relationships with current or potential clients. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against, respond to, and recover from any potential, attempted, or existing cyber-attacks or other security- related incidents and their consequences. The costs of identifying and remediating any threat, attack, breach, or disclosure, and the costs associated with responding to litigation or regulatory investigations, could have a material adverse effect on our business and reduce our operating margins. Although we maintain insurance coverage, the amount of our insurance may not cover the costs associated with any security incident, and we cannot be certain that cyber insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. Any publicized security incident, or even public rumors about a security incident, affecting our businesses and/or those of our service providers may also have a similarly material adverse effect on our business or reputation. Moreover, there could be public announcements regarding any security-related incidents and any steps we take to respond to or remediate such incidents, if securities analysts or investors perceive these announcements to be negative, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock. 18 RISK FACTORS Our efforts to protect against and to remediate cyber-attacks, other security-related incidents, and data breaches may not succeed and any such event, whether intentional or inadvertent and whether attributable to us or our service providers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and the price of our common stock. We have implemented policy, procedural, technical, physical, and administrative controls with the aim of protecting our networks, applications, bank accounts, and the confidential, sensitive and personal information entrusted to us, including bank account and social security numbers, tax information, certain medical information, certain health claim information, PHI, retirement account information and payroll data, from cyber-attacks and other security-related incidents. While we, and our service providers, have security measures and programs in place to prevent, detect, and respond to cyber-attacks, security-related incidents, data breaches and other similar threats, these security measures and programs and our collective efforts may not always succeed. Despite our efforts and those of our service providers, we cannot fully eliminate the possibility of such cyber-attacks, security-related incidents and other threats, whether intentional or inadvertent and whether internal or external and we, our clients or our service providers may not discover a security incident for a significant period of time after the incident occurs. In some cases, we perform risk assessments of our service providers or require them to undertake security measures through contract provisions. However, we do not control our service providers and our ability to monitor their data security is limited, so we cannot ensure the security measures they take will be sufficient to protect our confidential, sensitive and personal information. Due to applicable laws and regulations or contractual obligations, we may be held responsible for any cyber-attack or other security-related incident attributed to our service providers regarding the information we share with them and any contractual protections we may have from our service providers may not be sufficient to adequately protect us from any such liabilities and losses. We have invested, and plan to continue investing, in resources to protect our information security ecosystem against cyber-attacks, other security-related incidents, and data breaches and to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. However, the security protections and strategies that we implement, and the investigation and remediation efforts we undertake, may not be successful. Any security breach, whether intentional or inadvertent, could result in the access, public disclosure, loss or theft of our clients', WSEs' and corporate employees’ confidential, sensitive and personal information, which could negatively affect our ability to attract new clients, cause existing clients to terminate their agreements with us, result in significant reputational damage and subject us to significant lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other actions or liabilities, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. We must comply with constantly evolving, data privacy and security laws and regulations, which may require substantial costs or changes to our business, and any actual or perceived compliance failure could result in reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims, regulatory penalties, and damage to our reputation. We are subject to various federal, state and local laws, rules, and regulations, as well as contractual obligations, relating to the collection, storage, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of confidential, sensitive and personal information. Existing laws and regulations are constantly evolving, and new laws and regulations that apply to our business are being introduced at every level of government inside and outside of the United States. For example, all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Canada have enacted breach notification laws that may require us to notify WSEs, clients, corporate employees, or other third parties regulators in the event of unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential, sensitive or personal information experienced by us or our service providers. In addition to breach notification laws, we have seen increased focus at every level of government inside and outside of the United States on regulating the collection, store, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of confidential, sensitive and personal information. For example, in recent years, many states have proposed or enacted new laws or amended existing laws. Certain state laws, including the CCPA, may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to confidential, sensitive and personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, which may complicate compliance efforts, requiring attention to changing regulatory requirements. We believe that we currently comply with the requirements of the CCPA, but additional provisions of the CCPA will become effective in 2021. While we are working to comply with these provisions, we cannot guarantee that we will not incur significant costs or that our efforts will be successful. As a sponsor of employee benefit plans with access to certain PHI, we are subject to regulation at the federal level, including under the HIPAA and the HITECH Act. HIPAA contains restrictions and health data privacy, security and breach notification requirements with respect to the use and disclosure of PHI and there are penalties and fines for HIPAA violations. 19 RISK FACTORS For details regarding these data privacy and security laws and regulations discussed above and that apply to our operations, refer to Part I, Item 1. Business, of this Form 10-K, under the heading Legal and Regulatory: Data Privacy and Security Regulations. Complying with these and any other data privacy and security laws, rules and regulations, and with any new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws, could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business. For example, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur additional costs to comply with the CCPA and other similar regulations. Despite our efforts, in the future we may be unable to make required changes and modifications to our business practices in a commercially reasonable manner, or at all. Given the rapid development of cybersecurity and data privacy laws, we expect to encounter inconsistent interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations, as well as frequent changes to these laws and regulation. As a result, we may be required to incur significant, unexpected compliance costs and we may be exposed to significant penalties or liability for non- compliance, the possibility of fines, lawsuits (including class action privacy litigation), regulatory investigations, criminal or civil sanctions, audits, adverse media coverage, public censure, other claims, significant costs for remediation and damage to our reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Any inability, or the perception of any inability, to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our relationships with clients and have a material adverse effect on our business. Legal and Compliance Risks Our business is subject to numerous complex laws, and changes in, uncertainty regarding, or adverse application of these laws could negatively affect our business. The products and services we provide to our clients are subject to numerous complex federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those described in Part I, Item 1. Business, of this Form 10-K. These laws and regulations cover a diverse range of topics, including employer, employee and independent contractor classifications, employee benefit, health and retirement plan laws, workers' compensation laws, employment and payroll tax laws, worksite safety laws, insurance and banking laws, wage and hour laws, anti-discrimination laws, and many laws specific to the industries of our clients. Many of these laws do not specifically address PEOs or co-employment relationships, and regulators are often unfamiliar with the PEO industry and co-employment relationships, which can lead to unpredictable application, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations at the federal, state and local levels in relation to our business. Any new laws, changes in existing laws, or any adverse application, interpretation or enforcement of new or existing laws, including those described in Part I, Item 1. Business, of this Form 10-K, whether they apply to employers generally or specifically to PEOs or to our co-employment relationships could: • • • • • • • reduce or eliminate the value and benefits that customers realize by using our products and services, change or eliminate the types of products and services we provide, require us to make significant changes to how we do business and provide products and services, affect the extent and type of employee benefits that employers and co-employers can or must provide employees, alter the amount, timing and type of taxes employers, co-employers and employees are required to pay and that we are able to manage for our clients increase the cost and complexity of the licensing requirements for our business operations, create or increase our liability and responsibilities to our clients and WSEs, and/or • mandate new compliance requirements, disclosures or services. Any of these changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. 20 RISK FACTORS The laws that apply in our industry and to employers and co-employers have in the past, and could in the future, be changed, replaced or interpreted in a manner adverse to our operations and we are not able to predict the occurrence, direction or ultimate impact of these events. Any such new laws, change in laws or adverse application or interpretation of laws could reduce or eliminate the attractiveness of our products and services, provide customers with new and attractive alternatives to our products and services, significantly increase our compliance costs and the cost to provide our products and services, or require us to make substantial changes to the way in which we operate, any one of which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Changing laws and regulations governing health insurance and other traditional employee benefits at the federal, state and local level could negatively affect our business. Changes to and continued uncertainty regarding the implementation and future of health care reform in the United States, at the federal, state and local level, has the potential to substantially change the health insurance market for SMBs and how such employers provide health insurance to their employees, which could have a materially adverse effect on how we provide our sponsored health benefits to our WSEs, and our ability to attract and retain our clients. In addition, changes at the federal, state and local level to the laws and regulations regarding other traditional employee benefits, such as retirement and workers’ compensation benefits, also have the potential to substantially change the types of benefit programs that are available to SMBs and that we and other PEOs may be required to offer. Our ability to comply with, and adapt our product offerings to take advantage of, any such changes could require significant additional costs, prove cost prohibitive and/or otherwise divert management attention, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If we are not recognized as an employer of worksite employees under federal and state regulations, we and our clients could be adversely impacted. In order to sponsor our employee benefit plan offerings for WSEs, we must qualify as an employer of WSEs for certain purposes under the Code and ERISA. In addition, our status as an employer is important for purposes of ERISA’s preemption of certain state laws. The definition of employer under various laws is not uniform, and under both the Code and ERISA, the term is defined in part by complex multi-factor tests. Generally, these tests are designed to evaluate whether an individual is an independent contractor or employee and they provide substantial weight to whether a purported employer has the right to direct and control the details of an individual's work. Some factors that the IRS has considered important in the past in evaluating this issue have included the employer’s degree of behavioral control (for example the extent of instructions, training and evaluation of the work), financial control and the economic aspects of the work relationship, the type of relationship, as evidenced by the specific contract, if any, whether employee benefits are provided, whether the work is indefinite in duration or project-based, and whether it is a regular part of the employer’s business. However, a definitive judicial interpretation of “employer” in the context of PEOs has not been established. For ERISA purposes, for example, courts have held that test factors relating to the ability to control and supervise an individual are less important, while the DOL has issued guidance that certain entities in the HR outsourcing industry do not qualify as common law employers for ERISA purposes. Although we believe that we qualify as an employer of WSEs under ERISA and the DOL has not provided guidance otherwise, we are not able to predict the outcome of any regulatory challenge. If we were found not to be an employer for ERISA purposes, it could adversely affect the manner in which we are able to provide employee benefits to WSEs. Similarly, to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Code, certain employee benefit plans, such as 401(k) retirement plans and cafeteria plans must be established and maintained by an employer for the exclusive benefit of its employees. All of our 401(k) retirement plans are operated pursuant to guidance provided by the IRS and we have received favorable determination letters from the IRS confirming the qualified status of these plans. However, the IRS uses its own complex, multi-factor test to ascertain whether an employment relationship exists between a worker and a purported employer. Although we believe that we qualify as an employer of WSEs under the Code, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not challenge our position or continue to provide favorable determination letters. Moreover, the IRS' 401(k) guidance and qualification requirements are not applicable to the operation of our cafeteria plans. If we are not recognized as an employer under the Code or ERISA, we may be required to change the method by which we report and remit payroll taxes to the tax authorities and the method by which we provide, or discontinue providing, certain employee benefits to WSEs. Such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. 21 RISK FACTORS The definition of employers, employees and independent contractors is evolving. Changes to the laws and regulations that govern what it means to be an employer or an employee may require us to make significant changes in our operations and may negatively affect our business. National views on employers, employees and independent contractors are changing at a rapid rate, as evidenced by recent federal and state rule changes. In September 2019 California passed AB5, a law that could potentially reclassify client independent contractors as employees. AB5 and similar changes in rules defining when a worker is an employee or independent contractor can increase or decrease the pool of WSEs that we are allowed to include in our TriNet sponsored benefit plans, which may negatively impact client demand for the products and services we provide, require us to modify or change how we operate our business and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, in January 2020, the DOL issued a new rule broadening the definition of joint employer that has been used under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) for more than sixty years. Joint employment is not the same as co- employment, and we do not believe that we are a joint employer under the new DOL rule or that this rule change impacts our status as a co-employer. However, these changes could potentially result in increased FLSA joint employment claims, which could divert management attention and cause us to incur additional and potentially material costs to defend. The examples above highlight the impact to our business when regulations regarding the definitions or classification of employers, employees, independent contractors and other groups of workers change. Any such regulatory changes could affect the way in which we provide TriNet-sponsored benefits to our WSEs, the way in which we report and remit payroll taxes to tax authorities, and our legal liability for the actions and inactions of our clients. Any of such regulatory changes could also require us to change the manner in which we operate our business, or provide our products and services, and could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. If we fail to qualify as a co-employer of WSEs under applicable federal and state licensing rules, or if we are deemed to be operating in certain industries, we and our clients could be adversely impacted. We must qualify as co-employers of WSEs and comply with licensing, certification and registration requirements for the regulation of PEOs at the federal level and in nearly every state. We expect states without these regulations to adopt similar requirements in the future and states without these regulations today often still have laws and regulations applicable to PEOs. While we believe that we satisfy applicable state regulations, these requirements vary from state to state, they have changed frequently in the past, and could change again in the future, with potentially material impact on our operations. If we are not able to satisfy existing or future licensing requirements or other applicable regulations in any state, we may be prohibited from doing business in that state, including having any clients within that state. State regulatory authorities generally impose licensing requirements on companies acting as insurance agents or third- party administrators, such as those that handle health or retirement plan funding and claim processing. Other state regulatory authorities impose licensing requirements on companies involved in the transmission of cash, such as banks, and other money transmitters. We do not believe that our current activities require any such licenses, but we and others in our industry have received inquiries from regulatory authorities in the past and could receive them in the future. If regulatory authorities in any state determine that we are acting as an insurance agent, third-party administrator, money transmitter, or as any other regulated industry other than a PEO, we may need to hire additional personnel to manage regulatory compliance and pay annual regulatory fees, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to legal and tax proceedings that may result in adverse outcomes. We are subject to claims, suits, government investigations, and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of our business. Refer to Note 10 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K for additional information about the legal proceedings we are currently involved in and future proceedings that we may face. Current and future legal proceedings may result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which may seriously harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. In addition, the tax authorities in the U.S. regularly examine our income and other tax returns. Refer to Note 13 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K for additional details regarding our on- going tax examinations and disputes. The ultimate outcome of tax examinations and disputes cannot be predicted with certainty. Should the IRS or other tax authorities assess additional taxes as a result of these or other examinations, we may be required to record charges to operations that could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 22 RISK FACTORS Financial and Stock Ownership Risks Our results of operations and stock price may fluctuate as a result of numerous factors, many of which are outside of our control. Our future operating results and stock price are subject to fluctuations and quarterly variations based upon a variety of factors, many of which are not within our control, including, without limitation: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • the volume and severity of health and workers' compensation insurance claims made by our WSEs, recorded as part of our insurance costs, and the timing of related claims information provided by our insurance carriers, the amount and timing of our insurance premiums and other insurance costs, operating expenses and capital expenditures, the number of our new clients and the number of WSEs employed by each new client, the retention or loss of existing clients, for any reason, including third-party acquisition, a reduction in the number of WSEs employed by existing clients, the timing of client payments and payment defaults by clients, the costs associated with our acquisitions of companies, assets and technologies, any payments or draw downs on our credit facility, any unanticipated expenses, such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments and compliance expenses arising from changes in regulations or regulatory enforcement, any expenses we incur for geographic and service expansion and product and service enhancements, any changes in laws or adverse interpretation or enforcement of laws, which may require us to change the manner in which we operate and/or increase our regulatory compliance costs, any changes in our effective tax rate, the issuance of common stock or debt to pay for future acquisitions, which could dilute our stockholders or subject us to significant debt service obligations, amortization expense, or the impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, associated with past or future acquisitions, and • the impact of new accounting pronouncements. In addition, the trading price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation in response to a variety of factors, including the factors above and below, many of which are not within our control, including, without limitation: • • • • • the overall performance of the equity markets, any trading activity, or a market expectation regarding such activity, by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, the economy as a whole, and its impact on SMBs and our clients, the performance and market perception of companies that investors believe are similar to us, and any significant changes in the liquidity of our common stock. Many of the above factors are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this Risk Factors section and in Part II, Item 7. MD&A, of this Form 10-K. Many of these factors are outside our control, and the variability and unpredictability of these factors have in the past and could in the future cause us to fail to meet our expectations and the expectations of investors and any industry analysts who cover our shares, which could result in a decline in our share price and reduced liquidity in our shares. In addition, the occurrence of one or more of these factors might cause our results of operations to vary widely, which could lead to negative impacts on our margins, short-term liquidity, and our ability to retain or attract key personnel, and could cause other unanticipated issues, including a downgrade of our shares by or change in opinion of industry analysts and a related decline in our share price. 23 RISK FACTORS The terms of our credit facility may restrict our current and future operations, which would impair our ability to respond to changes in our business and to manage our business. Our credit facility contains, and any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us subject to customary exceptions, including restricting our ability to: • • incur, assume or prepay debt or incur or assume liens, pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock, • make loans, investments or acquisitions, • • • • enter into sale-leaseback transactions, enter into new lines of business, complete a significant corporate transaction, such as a merger or sale of our company or its assets, and enter into agreements that prohibit the incurrence of liens or the payment by our subsidiaries of dividends and distributions. In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced plans to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. Our credit facility includes a LIBOR-indexed component and our lenders are not obligated to accept any LIBOR alternative that we may propose. However, we do not believe that the phase out of LIBOR will have a material effect on our operational or borrowing costs under our credit facility or any of our other business arrangements. Our failure to comply with these restrictions and the other terms and conditions under our credit facility could result in a default, which in turn could result in the termination of the lenders’ commitments to extend further credit to us under our credit facility and acceleration of a substantial portion of our indebtedness then outstanding under our credit facility. If that were to happen, we may not be able to repay all of the amounts that would become due under our indebtedness or refinance our debt, which could materially harm our business and force us to seek bankruptcy protection. Atairos, our largest stockholder, may have significant influence over our Company, and the ownership of capital stock, and thus the voting control, of our Company remains concentrated in our executive officers, directors and their affiliates, which limits your ability to influence corporate matters. On February 1, 2017, an entity affiliated with Atairos Group, Inc. (together with its affiliates, “Atairos”) became our largest stockholder when it acquired the shares of TriNet common stock previously held by General Atlantic. In connection with this transaction, we appointed Michael J. Angelakis, the Chairman and CEO of Atairos, to our board of directors and agreed to nominate Mr. Angelakis or another designee of Atairos reasonably acceptable to our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee for election at future annual meetings until Atairos’ beneficial ownership falls below 15% of our common stock. As of January 31, 2020, Atairos beneficially owned approximately 28% of our outstanding common stock, and all of our directors, executive officers and their affiliates, including Atairos, beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 37% of our outstanding common stock. As a result Atairos, particularly when acting with our executive officers, directors and their affiliates, is able to exert substantial influence on all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership could limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us. 24 PROPERTIES, LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties We lease space for 54 offices in various U.S. states, including the following: Corporate: • Dublin, California Principal Client Service Centers: • Bradenton, Florida • Reno, Nevada • Indian Land, South Carolina All of these leases expire at various times up through 2028. We believe that our leases are sufficient for our current purposes and long-term growth and expansion goals. Item 3. Legal Proceedings For the information required in this section, refer to Note 10 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 25 STOCK ACTIVITIES PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information and Holders of Record Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TNET”. As of February 6, 2020, we had 39 holders of record of our common stock per Computershare Trust Company N.A., our transfer agent. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in a trust by other entities. For information regarding our equity-based incentive plans, please refer to Part III, Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, of this Form 10-K. Dividend Policy We did not declare or pay cash dividends in 2019 or 2018. Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions under our credit facility (refer to Note 9 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K), capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. Performance Graph The graph on the following page compares the cumulative return on our common stock since December 31, 2014 with the cumulative return on the S&P 500 Index and a Peer Group Index. The cumulative return is based on the assumption that $100 had been invested in TriNet Group, Inc. common stock, the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (S&P 500) and common stock of members of a Peer Group Index, all on December 31, 2014 and that all quarterly dividends were reinvested. The cumulative dollar returns shown on the graph represent the value that such investments would have had at each year end. 26 STOCK ACTIVITIES COMPARISON OF 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN Among TriNet Group, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, and a Peer Group(1) (1) The Peer Group Index used in the chart above consists of the following companies: Automatic Data Processing, Inc. Insperity, Inc. Paychex, Inc. Barrett Business Services, Inc. Intuit, Inc. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Our ongoing stock repurchase program was originally approved by our board of directors in 2014 and has been subsequently amended. As of December 31, 2019, our board of directors had authorized us to repurchase up to an aggregate $615 million under this program of which approximately $236 million remained available as of December 31, 2019 for repurchases under all authorizations approved by the board of directors. We repurchased approximately $140 million of our common stock in 2019 using existing cash and cash equivalents through our Rule 10b5-1 plan. Under the program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This repurchase authorization has no expiration. We plan to use current cash and cash generated from ongoing operating activities to fund this share repurchase program. We use this program to return value to our stockholders and to offset dilution from the issuance of stock under our equity-based incentive plans and employee purchase plan. 27 STOCK ACTIVITIES The following table provides information about our purchases of TriNet common stock during the fourth quarter of 2019: Period October 1- October 31, 2019 November 1 - November 30, 2019 December 1 - December 31, 2019 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Weighted Average Price Paid Per Share 156,425 $ 554,910 $ 513,349 $ 1,224,684 55.89 53.79 55.55 Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans (2) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans (in millions) (2) 156,285 $ 488,765 $ 382,671 $ 1,027,721 283 257 236 (1) Includes shares surrendered by employees to us to satisfy tax withholding obligations that arose upon vesting of restricted stock units granted pursuant to approved plans. (2) We repurchased a total of approximately $56 million of our outstanding stock during the three months ended December 31, 2019. In February 2020, our board of directors authorized a $300 million incremental increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program initiated in May 2014. We use this program to return value to our stockholders and to offset dilution from the issuance of stock under our equity-based incentive plan and employee purchase plan. Our stock repurchases are subject to certain restrictions under the terms of our credit facility. For more information about our stock repurchases and the restrictions imposed by our credit facility, refer to Note 12 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. 28 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following selected consolidated financial and other data should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7. MD&A, as well as our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. (in millions, except per share data) Income Statement Data: Total revenues Net income Diluted net income per share of common stock Non-GAAP measures (1): Net Service Revenues Net Insurance Service Revenues Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted Net Income Balance Sheet Data: Working capital Total assets Long-term debt Total stockholders’ equity Cash Flow Data: Net cash (used in) investing activities Net cash (used in) financing activities Non-GAAP measures (1): Corporate operating cash flows Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 3,856 $ 3,503 $ 3,275 $ 3,060 $ 2,659 212 2.99 929 399 378 236 228 2,748 391 475 192 2.65 893 406 347 218 221 2,435 413 375 178 2.49 809 351 285 142 234 2,593 423 206 61 0.85 646 199 185 87 156 2,095 459 35 32 0.44 547 146 151 71 112 2,092 494 8 (281) (38) (81) (188) (176) (200) (85) (24) (77) (27) (104) 233 234 299 189 169 Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities $ 471 $ (104) $ 606 $ 192 $ (1) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures section on the following pages for definitions and reconciliations from GAAP measures. 29 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Non-GAAP Financial Measures In addition to financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP, we monitor other non-GAAP financial measures that we use to manage our business, to make planning decisions, to allocate resources and to use as performance measures in our executive compensation plan. These key financial measures provide an additional view of our operational performance over the long-term and provide information that we use to maintain and grow our business. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is used to enhance the understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance. It is not meant to be considered in isolation, superior to, or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP Measure Net Service Revenues Definition • Sum of professional service revenues and Net Insurance Service Revenues, or total revenues less insurance costs. Net Insurance Service Revenues • Insurance revenues less insurance costs. Adjusted EBITDA • Net income, excluding the effects of: - income tax provision, - interest expense, - depreciation, - amortization of intangible assets, and - stock based compensation expense. 30 How We Use The Measure • Provides a comparable basis of revenues on a net basis. Professional service revenues are represented net of client payroll costs whereas insurance service revenues are presented gross of insurance costs for financial reporting purposes. • Acts as the basis to allocate resources to different the effectiveness of our business strategies by each business function. functions and evaluates • Provides a measure, among others, used in the determination of incentive compensation for management. • Is a component of Net Service Revenues. • Provides a comparable basis of revenues on a net basis. Professional service revenues are represented net of client payroll costs whereas insurance service revenues are presented gross of insurance costs for financial reporting purposes. Promotes an understanding of our insurance services business by evaluating insurance service revenues net of our WSE related costs which are substantially pass-through for the benefit of our WSEs. Under GAAP, insurance service revenues and costs are recorded gross as we have latitude in establishing the price, service and supplier specifications. • We also sometimes refer to Net Insurance Margin (NIM), which is the ratio of Net Insurance Revenue to Insurance Service Revenue. • Provides period-to-period comparisons on a consistent basis and an understanding as to how our management evaluates the effectiveness of our business strategies by excluding certain non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization, and stock based compensation recognized based on the estimated fair values. We believe these charges are either not directly resulting from our core operations or not indicative of our ongoing operations. • Enhances comparisons to prior periods and, accordingly, facilitates the development of future projections and earnings growth prospects. • Provides a measure, among others, used in the determination of incentive compensation for management. • We also sometimes refer to Adjusted EBITDA margin, which is the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Service Revenue. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Adjusted Net Income • Net income, excluding the effects of: Corporate Operating Cash Flows - effective income tax rate (1), - stock based compensation, - amortization of intangible assets, - non-cash interest expense (2), and - the income tax effect (at our effective tax rate (1)) of these pre-tax adjustments. • Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities, excluding the effects of: - Assets associated with WSEs (accounts revenue, prepaid receivable, unbilled expenses and other current assets) and - Liabilities associated with WSEs (client deposits, accrued wages, payroll tax liabilities and other payroll withholdings, accrued health benefit costs, accrued workers' compensation costs, insurance premiums and other payables, and other current liabilities). • Provides information to our stockholders and board of directors to understand how our management evaluates our business, to monitor and evaluate our operating results, and analyze profitability of our ongoing operations and trends on a consistent basis by excluding certain non-cash charges. • Provides information that our stockholders and management can use to evaluate our cash flows from operations independent of the current assets and liabilities associated with our WSEs. • Enhances comparisons to prior periods and, accordingly, used as a liquidity measure to manage liquidity between corporate and WSE related activities, and to help determine and plan our cash flow and capital strategies. (1) We have adjusted our non-GAAP effective tax rate to 25.5%, 26%, 41%, 43% and 42% for 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The change in 2018 is due primarily to a decrease in the statutory tax rate from 35% to 21%. The changes in 2017, 2016 and 2015 are a result of changes in state income taxes from an increase in excludable income for state income tax purposes or state legislative changes. These non-GAAP effective tax rates exclude the income tax impact from stock based compensation, changes in uncertain tax positions and nonrecurring benefits or expenses from federal legislative changes. (2) Non-cash interest expense represents amortization and write-off of our debt issuance costs. Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures The table below presents a reconciliation of Total revenues to Net Service Revenues: (in millions) Total revenues Less: Insurance costs Net Service Revenues Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 3,856 $ 3,503 $ 3,275 $ 3,060 $ 2,927 2,610 2,466 2,414 929 $ 893 $ 809 $ 646 $ 2,659 2,112 547 The table below presents a reconciliation of Insurance service revenues to Net Insurance Service Revenues: (in millions) Insurance service revenues Less: Insurance costs Net Insurance Service Revenues NIM Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 3,326 2,927 399 $ $ 3,016 2,610 406 $ $ 2,817 2,466 351 $ $ 2,613 2,414 199 $ $ 2,258 2,112 146 12% 13% 12% 8% 6% The table below presents a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA: (in millions) Net income Provision for income taxes Stock based compensation Interest expense and bank fees Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 212 $ 192 $ 178 $ 58 41 21 46 49 44 22 40 22 32 20 33 $ 61 43 26 20 35 32 28 18 19 54 Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted EBITDA Margin $ 378 $ 347 $ 285 $ 185 $ 151 41% 39% 35% 29% 28% 31 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The table below presents a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted Net Income: (in millions) Net income Effective income tax rate adjustment Stock based compensation Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash interest expense Income tax impact of pre-tax adjustments Adjusted Net Income $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ 212 $ 192 $ 178 $ (11) 41 5 1 (12) 236 $ (13) 44 5 4 (14) 218 $ (59) 32 5 2 (16) 142 $ 61 $ (1) 26 16 4 (19) 87 $ 32 3 18 39 4 (25) 71 The table below presents a reconciliation of net cash (used in) provided by operating activities to corporate operating cash flows: (in millions) Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Change in WSE related other current assets Change in WSE related liabilities Corporate Operating Cash Flows 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 $ $ 471 $ (104) $ 606 $ 192 $ (281) (15) (223) 33 305 35 (342) (96) 93 233 $ 234 $ 299 $ 189 $ 188 262 169 Year Ended December 31, 32 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Operational Highlights Our consolidated results for 2019 reflect our continued progress in attracting new customers to our industry-oriented (vertical) products, serving our existing customers and improving our brand awareness through marketing. Our customers are our focus, and we are investing in our processes to ensure a stronger customer experience. We expect this investment will further enhance our value to our customers, support retention and provide further efficiency and scale for our operations. We started this work in 2018 and expect this to continue in the near-term. During 2019 we: • • • • • • experienced an improvement in retention as a result of our customer service initiatives, benefited from our clients growing their WSEs, saw an increase in new sales, which delivered additional revenue growth, continued to experience our WSEs increasing their participation, or enrollment, in our insurance offerings, experienced increased severity of health costs per enrollee overall, but particularly within a national carrier, and delivered profitable growth. Our efforts to build a successful and enduring company include building and leveraging a strong national brand presence. Our branding strategy, Incredible Starts Here, is being augmented with our current campaign: People Matter. We place our customers at the center of what we do, including placing our customers at the center of our marketing. Performance Highlights These operational achievements drove the financial performance improvements noted below in 2019 when compared to 2018: $3.9B Total revenues 10% increase $212M Net income 10% increase * Non-GAAP measure $268M Operating income 7% increase $2.99 Diluted EPS 13% increase $929M Net Service Revenue * 4% increase $236M Adjusted Net income * 8% increase Our results for WSEs and payroll and payroll tax payments in 2019 when compared to the prior year were: 324,927 Average WSE 2% increase 340,017 Total WSE 4% increase $41.7B Payroll and payroll tax payments 11% increase During 2019, our average WSEs and total WSEs grew primarily as a result of new clients, continued hiring in the installed base and lower client attrition. In addition, our WSE growth and increased participation in our health services resulted in a 10% increase in total revenues. We also experienced higher insurance costs, due to an increase in medical cost trend, that resulted in reduced NSR growth of 4%. Net income increased 10% and adjusted net income increased 8%. 33 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Results of Operations The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. For details of the critical accounting judgments and estimates that could affect the Results of Operations, see the Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates section within MD&A. Year Ended December 31, % Change (in millions, except operating metrics data) 2019 2018 2017 Income Statement Data: Professional service revenues Insurance service revenues Total revenues Insurance costs Operating expenses Total costs and operating expenses Operating income Other income (expense): Interest expense, bank fees and other Interest income Income before provision for income taxes Income taxes Net income Non-GAAP measures (1): Net Service Revenues Net Insurance Service Revenues Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted Net income Operating Metrics: Average WSEs Total WSEs $ 530 $ 487 $ 3,326 3,856 2,927 661 3,588 268 (21) 23 270 58 3,016 3,503 2,610 642 3,252 251 (22) 12 241 49 $ $ 212 $ 192 $ 929 $ 893 $ 399 378 236 406 347 218 458 2,817 3,275 2,466 592 3,058 217 (20) 3 200 22 178 809 351 285 142 324,927 340,017 317,104 325,616 324,679 325,370 2019 vs. 2018 2018 vs. 2017 9% 6 % 10 10 12 3 10 7 (5) 92 12 18 10% 4% (2) 9 8 2% 4 7 7 6 8 6 15 10 300 21 128 8 % 10 % 16 22 53 (2)% — Total WSEs payroll and payroll taxes processed (in millions) $ 41,682 $ 37,666 $ 37,115 11 1 (1) Refer to Non-GAAP measures definitions and reconciliations from GAAP measures in Part II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for 2018 compared to 2017 can be found under Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2019. 34 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Operating Metrics Worksite Employees (WSE) Average WSE growth is a volume measure we use to monitor the performance of our business. Average WSEs increased 2% in 2019. Throughout 2019, we experienced reduced attrition resulting from our customer service initiatives, continued hiring in our installed based, primarily in our Professional Services and Technology verticals, and stronger new sales performance. Total WSEs can be used to estimate our beginning WSEs for the next period and, as a result, can be used as an indicator of our potential future success in growing our business and retaining clients. Anticipated revenues for future periods can diverge from the revenue expectation derived from Average WSEs or Total WSEs due to pricing differences across our HR solutions and services and the degree to which clients and WSEs elect to participate in our solutions during future periods. In addition to focusing on growing our Average WSE and Total WSE counts, we also focus on pricing strategies, product participation and product differentiation to expand our revenue opportunities. We report the impact of client and WSE participation differences as a change in mix. We are focused on growing our WSE base, including by pursuing acquisitions where appropriate, while we improve our customer service experience and continue to manage attrition. Payroll and payroll taxes processed Payroll and payroll taxes processed, which includes recurring payrolls and non-recurring bonus payrolls, benefits, and associated payroll taxes may also be used as an indicator of our PSR growth. 35 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Total Revenues Our revenues consist of professional service revenues (PSR) and insurance service revenues (ISR). PSR represents fees charged to clients for processing payroll-related transactions on behalf of our clients, access to our HR expertise, employment and benefit law compliance services, and other HR-related services. ISR consists of insurance-related billings and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSEs for workers' compensation insurance and health benefit insurance plans provided by third-party insurance carriers. Monthly total revenues per Average WSE is a measure we use to monitor the success of our product and service pricing strategies. This measure increased 8% during 2019 compared to 2018. We also use the following measures to further analyze changes in total revenue: • Volume - the percentage change in period over period Average WSEs, • Rate - the combined weighted average percentage changes in service fees for each vertical product and changes in service fees associated with each insurance service offering, and • Mix - the change in composition of Average WSEs within our verticals combined with the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings. The volume increase in 2019 was primarily driven by WSE growth, especially in our Professional Services and Technology verticals. The changes in rate and mix during 2019, were primarily driven by increases in insurance service fees and increased health plan enrollment in our insurance service offerings. 36 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Operating Income Our operating income consists of total revenues less insurance costs and OE. Our insurance costs include insurance premiums for coverage provided by insurance carriers, reimbursement of claims payments made by insurance carriers or third-party administrators, and changes in accrued costs related to contractual obligations with our workers' compensation and health benefit carriers. Our OE consists primarily of our corporate employees' compensation related expenses, which includes payroll, payroll taxes, SBC, bonuses, commissions and other payroll-and benefits-related costs. The table below provides a view of the changes in components of operating income on a year-over-year basis. (in millions) $251 2018 Operating Income +353 -317 -19 Higher total revenues are a result of increases in insurance service fees and health plan enrollment in our insurance service offerings combined with growth in PSR. Higher insurance costs primarily as a result of an increase in medical cost trend and health plan participation, or enrollment. Higher OE primarily as a result of growth in our corporate employee compensation costs to support initiatives to improve customer experience, enhance product offerings, and improve processes. $268 2019 Operating Income Professional Service Revenues Our clients are billed either based on a fee per WSE per month per transaction or on a percentage of the WSEs’ payroll. For those clients that are billed on a percentage of WSEs' payroll, as our clients' payrolls increase, our fees also increase. Our vertical approach provides us the flexibility to offer our clients in different industries with varied services at different prices, which we believe potentially reduces the value of solely using Average WSE and Total WSE counts as indicators of future potential revenue performance. We also analyze changes in PSR with the following measures: • Volume - the percentage change in period over period Average WSEs, • Rate - the weighted average percentage change in fees for each vertical, and • Mix - the change in composition of Average WSEs across our verticals. The increase in PSR during 2019 reflects the result of our vertical pricing strategy and ongoing change in the mix of our WSEs. We continued to experience WSE growth, especially in our Professional Services and Technology verticals, while our Main Street vertical continued to shrink, but at a reduced rate when compared to 2018. 37 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Insurance Service Revenues ISR consists of insurance services-related billings and administrative fees collected from clients and withheld from WSE payroll for health benefits and workers' compensation insurance provided by third-party insurance carriers. We use the following measures to analyze changes in ISR: • Volume - the percentage change in period over period Average WSEs, • Rate - the weighted average percentage change in fees associated with each of our insurance service offerings, and • Mix - all other changes including the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings (health plan enrollment). The growth in ISR during 2019 primarily resulted from changes in rate, due to higher insurance service fees per plan participant and changes in mix, due to higher health plan enrollment. Insurance Costs Insurance costs include insurance premiums for coverage provided by insurance carriers, reimbursement of claims payments made by insurance carriers or third-party administrators, and changes in accrued costs related to contractual obligations with our workers' compensation and health benefit carriers. We use the following measures to analyze changes in insurance costs: • Volume - the percentage change in period over period Average WSEs, • Rate - the weighted average percentage change in cost trend associated with each of our insurance service offerings, and • Mix - all other changes including the composition of our enrolled WSEs within our insurance service offerings (health plan enrollment). 38 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The increase in insurance cost rates during 2019 was primarily driven by: • Increased severity of health costs per enrollee (medical cost trend) of 10.5% - 11.5% in 2019, particularly within one national carrier, arising from a shift in pharmaceutical utilization from brand name drugs to higher cost specialty drugs, combined with elevated health costs in a portion of this business, partially offset by lower health administrative costs. • Partially offset by an $11 million decrease in workers' compensation claim costs. We continued to experience favorable prior year development on our accrued workers' compensation costs of $31 million during 2019, primarily due to lower than expected claim severity. Net Service Revenues NSR provides us with a comparable basis of revenues on a net basis, acts as the basis to allocate resources to different functions and helps us evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies by each business function. The primary drivers to the changes in our NSR are presented below. NIM was 12% for 2019 representing a decrease of 1% from 2018, due to insurance costs rate increases exceeding the ISR rate increases achieved, as discussed previously. 39 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Operating Expenses OE includes cost of providing services (COPS), sales and marketing (S&M), general and administrative (G&A), systems development and programming (SD&P), and depreciation and amortization expenses (D&A). We manage our operating expenses and allocate resources across different business functions based on a percentage of NSR, which has decreased to 71% in 2019 from 72% in 2018. We had approximately 2,900 corporate employees as of December 31, 2019 in 54 offices across the U.S. Our corporate employees' compensation-related expenses represent a majority of our operating expenses. Compensation costs for our corporate employees include payroll, payroll taxes, SBC, bonuses, commissions and other payroll- and benefits- related costs. Compensation-related expense represented 63% of our OE in 2019 and 61% in 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we experienced operating expense growth of 3% when compared to the same period in 2018. We expect our OE to increase in the foreseeable future due to our continued efforts to improve our customer service experience and our systems and processes. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the percent of OE to total revenues was 17%, compared to 18% in 2018. 40 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS We analyze and present our OE based upon the business functions COPS, S&M, G&A and SD&P and depreciation and amortization. The charts below provide a view of the expenses of the business functions. Dollars are presented in millions and percentages represent year-over-year change. (in millions) $642 2018 Operating Expense +16 COPS increased in 2019, driven by increases in compensation related expenses to support initiatives to improve our customer experience, our systems and processes, and to enhance our product offerings. We also experienced an increase in the volume of EPLI claim expenses. +8 -5 -6 +6 S&M increased in 2019, driven by an increase in headcount and amortization of deferred commissions expense related to our growth in new sales. G&A decreased in 2019, driven by a decrease in compensation related expenses and professional fees. SD&P decreased in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in compensation related expenses and professional fees. D&A increased in 2019, primarily as a result of our investments in technology to support our customer service initiatives. $661 2019 Operating Expenses 41 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS We break out the expenses that make up our OE in the chart below: Other Income (Expense) Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest and dividend income from investments and interest expense under our credit facility. Interest income increased to $23 million in 2019 due to a change in our investment strategy initiated in the second quarter of 2018 to improve our interest income. Our investment strategy has improved our interest income, net income, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA, year-over-year. Interest expense, bank fees and other, remained consistent year-over-year. Provision for Income Taxes Our effective tax rate (ETR) was 21% and 20% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The change in ETR was driven by a 3% increase primarily from one-time expenses associated with SBC, partially offset by a 2% decrease from a one-time benefit associated with prior year tax expense and changes in the valuation allowance. 42 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Liquidity and Capital Resources Liquidity Liquidity is a measure of our ability to access sufficient cash flows to meet the short-term and long-term cash requirements of our business operations. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to satisfy future requirements and meet our obligations to our clients, creditors and debt holders. Included in our balance sheets are assets and liabilities resulting from transactions directly or indirectly associated with WSEs, including payroll and related taxes and withholdings, our sponsored workers' compensation and health insurance programs, and other benefit programs. Although we are not subject to regulatory restrictions, we distinguish and manage our corporate assets and liabilities separately from those current assets and liabilities held by us to satisfy our employer obligations associated with our WSEs as follows: (in millions) Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Investments Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments Other current assets Total current assets Total current liabilities Working capital December 31, Corporate 2019 WSE Total Corporate 2018 WSE Total $ 213 $ — $ 213 $ 228 $ — $ 68 15 45 — 1,165 365 68 1,180 410 54 15 36 — 927 386 $ $ $ 341 $ 1,530 $ 1,871 $ 333 $ 1,313 $ 113 $ 1,530 $ 1,643 $ 112 $ 1,313 $ 228 $ — $ 228 $ 221 $ — $ 228 54 942 422 1,646 1,425 221 To meet various U.S. state licensing requirements and maintain accreditation by the ESAC, we are subject to various minimum working capital and net worth requirements. As of December 31, 2019, we believe we have fully complied in all material respects with all applicable state regulations regarding minimum net worth, working capital and all other financial and legal requirements. Further, we have maintained positive working capital throughout each of the periods covered by the financial statements. Working capital for WSEs activities We designate funds to ensure that we have adequate current assets to satisfy our current obligations associated with WSEs. We manage our WSE payroll and benefits obligations through collections of payments from our clients which generally occurs two to three days in advance of client payroll dates. We regularly review our short-term obligations associated with our WSEs (such as payroll and related taxes, insurance premium and claim payments) and designate funds required to fulfill these short-term obligations, which we refer to as PFC. PFC is included in current assets as restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. We manage our sponsored benefit and workers' compensation insurance obligations by maintaining collateral funds in restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. These collateral amounts are generally determined at the beginning of each plan year and we may be required by our insurance carriers to adjust our collateral balances when facts and circumstances change. We regularly review our collateral balances with our insurance carriers and anticipate funding further collateral in the future based upon our capital requirements. We classify our restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments as current and noncurrent assets to match against the anticipated timing of payment of claims. Working capital for corporate purposes We use our available cash and cash equivalents to satisfy our operational and regulatory requirements and to fund capital expenditures. We believe that we can meet our present and reasonably foreseeable operating cash needs and future commitments through existing liquid assets, continuing cash flows from corporate operating activities, our borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and the potential issuance of debt or equity securities. 43 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Cash Flows The following table presents our cash flow activities for the stated periods: (in millions) Net cash provided by (used in): Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted and restricted Cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted and restricted: Beginning of period End of period $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Corporate WSE Total Corporate WSE Total $ 233 $ 238 $ 471 $ 234 $ (338) $ (104) (191) 3 (188) (200) — (200) (176) (134) $ 241 $ 107 $ — (176) (85) (85) — (51) $ (338) $ (389) 425 $ 924 $ 1,349 $ 476 $ 1,262 $1,738 291 $1,165 $ 1,456 $ 425 $ 924 $1,349 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents: Unrestricted Restricted Operating Activities $ (15) $ — $ (15) $ (108) $ — $ (108) (119) 241 122 57 (338) (281) Components of net cash (used in) provided by operating activities are as follows: (in millions) Net income Depreciation and amortization Noncash lease expense Stock based compensation expense Payment of interest Income tax payments, net Changes in deferred taxes Changes in other operating assets Changes in other operating liabilities Net cash provided by operating activities - Corporate Collateral (paid to) refunded from insurance carriers, net Changes in other operating assets Changes in other operating liabilities Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities - WSE Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ 212 $ 192 57 16 41 (19) (62) (7) (36) 31 233 $ 6 15 217 238 $ 471 $ 46 — 44 (17) (49) 1 (44) 61 234 26 (27) (337) (338) (104) $ $ $ Year-over-year change in net cash used in operating activities for WSE purposes was primarily driven by timing of client payments, payments of payroll and payroll taxes, and collateral funding and insurance claim activities. We expect the changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents to correspond to WSE cash provided by (or used in) operations as we manage our obligations associated with WSEs through restricted cash. Corporate operating cash flows in 2019 remained consistent to 2018. 44 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities for the periods presented below primarily consisted of purchases of investments and capital expenditures, partially offset by proceeds from the sale and maturity of investments. (in millions) Investments: Purchases of investments Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments Cash used in investments Capital expenditures: Software and hardware Office furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements Cash used in capital expenditures Cash used in investing activities Investments Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ $ $ $ (302) $ 159 (143) $ (34) $ (11) (45) $ (188) $ (258) 101 (157) (30) (13) (43) (200) We invest a portion of available cash in investment-grade securities with effective maturities less than five years that are classified on our balance sheets as investments. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $193 million in investments. We also invest funds held as collateral to satisfy our long-term obligation towards workers' compensation liabilities. These investments are classified on our balance sheets as restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments. We review the amount and the anticipated holding period of these investments regularly in conjunction with our estimated long-term workers' compensation liabilities and anticipated claims payment trend. As of December 31, 2019, we held approximately $1.8 billion in cash, cash equivalents and investments, of which $213 million is unrestricted. Refer to Note 2 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, in this Form 10-K for a summary of these funds. Capital Expenditures During 2019, we continued to make investments in software and hardware and we enhanced our existing products and technology platform. We also incurred expenses related to the build out of our corporate headquarters and our technology and client service centers. We expect capital investments in our software and hardware to continue in the future. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of our debt and equity- related activities. (in millions) Financing activities Repurchase of common stock, net of issuance Repayment of borrowings Net proceeds from issuance of debt Cash used in financing activities Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ $ (154) $ (22) — (176) $ (69) (22) 6 (85) In June 2018 we entered into a $425 million term loan A (our 2018 Term Loan) under our new credit agreement (2018 Credit Agreement). The proceeds of the 2018 Term Loan were used to repay our previously outstanding term loans. Refer to Note 9 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, in this Form 10-K for more details. 45 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS We repurchase shares to return value to our stockholders and to offset dilution from the issuance of stock under our equity-based incentive plan and employee purchase plan. Refer to Note 12 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data, in this Form 10-K for more details. In February 2020, our board of directors authorized a $300 million incremental increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program initiated in May 2014. We use this program to return value to our stockholders and to offset dilution from the issuance of stock under our equity-based incentive plan and employee purchase plan. Capital Resources As of December 31, 2019, $392 million was outstanding under our 2018 Term Loan. Our 2018 Credit Agreement includes a $250 million revolving credit facility (our 2018 Revolver), which will be used solely for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The 2018 Revolver includes capacity for a $20 million swingline facility. Letters of credit issued pursuant to the revolving credit facility reduce the amount available for borrowing under the 2018 Revolver. At December 31, 2019, we had $16 million of letters of credit outstanding and remaining capacity of $234 million under the 2018 Revolver. Each of our 2018 Term Loan and our 2018 Revolver mature in June 2023 and bear interest, at our option, either at a LIBOR rate, or the prime lending rate, plus an applicable margin subject to change in the future based on our leverage ratio, as set forth in our 2018 Credit Agreement. Our 2018 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and restrictive financial covenants and representations and warranties that are customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of indebtedness (other than our 2018 Term Loan and our 2018 Revolver), dividends, distributions and transactions with affiliates, as well as minimum interest coverage and maximum total leverage ratio requirements. We were in compliance with the covenants and restrictions under our 2018 Credit Agreement at December 31, 2019. Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019: (in millions) Debt obligations (1) Workers' compensation obligations (2) Operating lease obligations (3) Purchase obligations (4) Uncertain tax positions (5) Payments Due by Period Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years More than 5 years $ 392 $ 217 74 60 7 22 $ 44 $ 326 $ 66 19 34 1 49 21 22 6 34 15 4 — — 68 19 — — 87 Total $ 750 $ 142 $ 142 $ 379 $ (1) Includes principal and the projected interest payments of our term loans, see Note 9 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K, for details. (2) Represents estimated payments that are expected to be made to carriers for various workers' compensation program under the contractual obligations. These obligations include the costs of reimbursing the carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with the workers' compensation insurance policy as well as other liabilities. (3) Includes various facilities and equipment leases under various operating lease agreements. (4) Our purchase obligations primarily consist of software licenses, consulting and maintenance agreements, and sales and marketing events pertaining to various contractual agreements. (5) Our uncertain tax positions primarily pertain to tax credits and other related reserves, including interest and penalties. In the normal course of business, we make representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there have been no material losses related to such guarantees. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, which require us to defend and, if necessary, indemnify these individuals for certain pending or future legal claims as they relate to their services provided to us. Such indemnification obligations are not included in the table above. 46 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of December 31, 2019, we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources within the meaning of Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K. Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require us to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Some of the assumptions are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial statements could be materially affected. For additional information about our accounting policies, refer to Note 1 in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. The following items require significant estimation or judgment: Insurance Costs We purchase fully insured workers' compensation and health benefits coverage for our employees and WSEs. As part of these insurance policies, we bear claims costs up to a defined deductible amount and as a result, we establish accrued insurance costs including both known claims filed and estimates for incurred but not reported claims. We use external actuaries to evaluate, review and recommend estimates of our accrued workers' compensation and health insurance costs. The accrued costs studies performed by these qualified external actuaries analyze historical claims data to develop a range of our potential ultimate costs using loss development, expected loss ratio and frequency/ severity methods in accordance with Actuarial Standards of Practice. These methods are applied to classes of the claims data organized by policy year and risk class. Key judgments and evaluations in arriving at loss estimates by class and the accrued costs selection overall include: • • • • the selection of method used and the relative weights given to selecting the method used for each policy year, the underlying assumptions of LDF used in these models, the effect of any changes to the insurers' claims handling and payment processes, evaluation of medical and indemnity cost trends, costs from changes in the risk exposure being evaluated and any applicable changes in legal, regulatory or judicial environment. We review and evaluate these judgments and the associated recommendations in concluding the adequacy of accrued costs. Where adjustments are necessary these are recorded in the period in which the adjustments are identified. These accrued costs may vary in subsequent quarters from the amount estimated. Certain assumptions used in estimating these accrued costs are highly judgmental. Our accrued costs, results of operations and financial condition can be materially impacted if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in establishing these accrued costs. Accrued Workers' Compensation Costs Under our policies, we are responsible for reimbursing the insurance carriers for workers' compensation losses up to $1 million per claim occurrence (Deductible Layer). As workers' compensation costs for a particular period are not known for many years after the losses have occurred, these costs represent our best estimate of unpaid claim losses and loss adjustment expenses within the deductible layer in accordance with our insurance policies. We use external actuaries to evaluate, review and recommend accrued workers' compensation costs on a quarterly basis. The data is segmented by class and state and analyzed by policy year, and states where we have small exposure are aggregated into a single grouping. 47 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS We use a combination of loss development, expected loss ratio and frequency/severity methods which include the following inputs, assumptions and analytical techniques: • Historical volume and severity of workers' compensation cost experience, exposure data and industry loss experience related to TriNet’s insurance policies, inputs of WSEs’ job responsibilities and location, estimates of future cost trends, expected loss ratios for the latest accident year or prior accident years, adjusted for the loss trend, the effect of rate changes and other quantifiable factors, and • • • • LDFs to project the reported losses for each accident year to an ultimate basis. Final cost settlements may vary materially from the present estimates, particularly when payments do not occur until well into the future. In our experience, plan years related to workers' compensation programs may take 10 years or more to be fully settled. We believe that our estimate of accrued workers' compensation costs is most sensitive to LDFs given the long reporting and paid development patterns for our workers' compensation loss costs. Our methods of estimating accrued workers' compensation costs rely on these LDFs and an estimate of future cost trend. The following table illustrates the sensitivity of changes in the LDFs on our year end estimate of insurance costs (in millions of dollars): Change in loss development factor Change in insurance costs -5.0% -2.5% +2.5% +5.0% Accrued Health Insurance Costs ($33) ($18) $19 $38 We sponsor and administer a number of fully insured, risk-based employee benefit plans, including group health, dental, vision and life insurance as an employer plan sponsor under section 3(5) of the ERISA. Approximately 83% of our group health insurance costs relate to risk-based plans in which we agree to reimburse our carriers for any claims paid within an agreed-upon per-person deductible layer up to a maximum aggregate exposure limit per policy. These deductible dollar limits and maximum limits vary by carrier and year. Costs covered by these insurance plans generally develop on average within three to six months so insurance costs and accrued health insurance costs include estimates of reported losses and claims incurred but not yet paid (IBNP). Data is grouped and analyzed by insurance carrier. To estimate accrued health benefits costs we use a number of inputs, assumptions and analytical techniques: • • • historical loss claims payment patterns and medical cost trend rates related to TriNet’s insurance policies, current period claims costs and claims reporting patterns (completion factors), and plan enrollment. Medical cost trend rates are a significant factor we use in developing our accrued health insurance costs. Medical cost trends are developed through an analysis of claims incurred in prior months, provider pricing and indicators of health care utilization, including pharmacy utilization trends, and outpatient and inpatient utilization. Many factors may cause medical cost trend to vary from our estimates. 48 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The following table illustrates the sensitivity of changes in the medical cost trend on our year end estimate of insurance costs (in millions of dollars): Change in medical cost trend Change in insurance costs +3.0% +2.0% +1.0% -1.0% -2.0% -3.0% $18 $12 $6 $(6) $(12) $(18) Completion factors are an actuarial estimate based on historical experience and analysis of current trends, of paid costs to carriers as a percentage of the expected ultimate costs to carriers. Many factors may cause actual claims submissions rates from our carriers to vary from our estimated completion factors, including carrier claims processing patterns, the mix of providers and the mix of electronic versus manual claims submitted to our carriers. The following table illustrates the sensitivity of changes in completion factors on our year end estimate of insurance costs (in millions of dollars): Change in completion factors Change in insurance costs -0.75% -0.50% -0.25% +0.25% +0.50% +0.75% $14 $9 $5 $(5) $(9) $(14) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Refer to Note 1 in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K for additional information related to recent accounting pronouncements. 49 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Our exposure to changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and outstanding floating rate debt. Changes in U.S. interest rates affect the interest earned on the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investments and the fair value of the investments, as well as interest costs associated with our debt. In June 2019, we entered into an interest rate collar derivative transaction with no upfront premium. We use this derivative to hedge against interest rate risk on a portion of our outstanding floating rate debt under our 2018 Credit Agreement. We have designated this derivative as a cash flow hedge. Our primary objective in purchasing and holding this derivative is to reduce our volatility of net earnings and cash flows associated with changes in the benchmark interest rate in our interest rate payments. We do not enter into any derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes. We performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact a change in interest rates would have on the cash flows of the collar assuming a 100 basis point parallel shift in the current LIBOR rate. Based on the terms and remaining settlements as of December 31, 2019, a hypothetical 100 basis point decrease in one-month LIBOR across all maturities would not result in any cash payments by the Company while a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in one-month LIBOR across all maturities would result in cash receipts of $2 million. Our cash equivalents consist primarily of money market mutual funds, which are not significantly exposed to interest rate risk. Our AFS marketable securities are subject to interest rate risk because these securities generally include a fixed interest rate. As a result, the market values of these securities are affected by changes in prevailing interest rates. We attempt to limit our exposure to interest rate risk and credit risk by investing our investment portfolio in instruments that meet the minimum credit quality, liquidity, diversification and other requirements of our investment policy. Our AFS marketable securities consist of liquid, investment-grade securities. The average effective duration of our AFS marketable securities was 1.49 years at December 31, 2019. The risk of rate changes on investment balances was not significant at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, we had total outstanding long-term debt of $391 million. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates would cause interest expense on our debt as of December 31, 2019 to increase by $11 million or to decrease by $13 million over the remaining term of the loan, respectively. 50 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data TRINET GROUP, INC. Consolidated Financial Statements Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Note 2. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments Note 3. Investments Note 4. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements Note 5. Property, Equipment and Software, Net Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Note 7. Accrued Workers' Compensation Costs Note 8. Leases Note 9. Long-term Debt Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies Note 11. Stock Based Compensation Note 12. Stockholders' Equity Note 13. Income Taxes Note 14. Earnings Per Share Note 15. 401(k) Plan Note 16. Related Party Transactions Note 17. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 52 55 56 57 58 59 59 68 69 70 73 73 74 75 75 76 77 80 81 84 84 84 85 51 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of TriNet Group, Inc. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TriNet Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 13, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Accrued Workers’ Compensation and Health Insurance Costs - Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements Critical Audit Matter Description The Company offers its clients and worksite employees (WSEs) workers’ compensation insurance and health insurance coverage through fully-insured insurance policies provided by third-party insurance carriers. The Company is obligated to reimburse the insurance carriers for losses up to defined deductible limits, in accordance with the insurance policies. Accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs are established to provide for the estimated unpaid costs of reimbursing the carriers. The accrued workers’ compensation costs include estimates of unpaid claim losses and loss adjustment expenses. The estimate is based on the Company’s historical and industry loss experience, exposure data, an estimate of future cost trends, expected loss ratios, and loss development factors. Accrued workers' compensation costs, net as of December 31, 2019, were $205 million. 52 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The accrued health insurance costs include estimates for reported losses, plus estimates for claims incurred but not paid. The estimate is based on the Company’s historical claim payment patterns and medical cost trends, current period claim costs and claim reporting patterns, and plan enrollment. Accrued health insurance costs, net as of December 31, 2019, were $167 million. Both the accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs are established using actuarial methods followed in the insurance industry and the Company uses third-party actuaries to develop these estimates. Given the subjectivity of estimating the value of the accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs, performing audit procedures to evaluate whether accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs recorded for the year ended December 31, 2019, required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our actuarial specialists. How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit Our audit procedures related to the accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs included the following, among others: • We tested the effectiveness of controls related to accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs. • We tested the underlying data that served as inputs into the actuarial analyses, including testing historical claims and enrollment data and recreating the claim loss triangles. • With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we evaluated the methods and assumptions used by management to estimate the accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs: Compared management’s prior-year assumptions of expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to identify and evaluate potential bias in the determination of the accrued workers’ compensation and health insurance costs. Developed an independent range of estimates of the accrued costs, utilizing loss development factors and future cost trends for accrued workers’ compensation costs and claim payment patterns and medical trend rates for accrued health insurance costs. We compared our estimated ranges to management’s estimates. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Francisco, California February 13, 2020 We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016. 53 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of TriNet Group, Inc. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of TriNet Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated February 13, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule. Basis for Opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Francisco, California February 13, 2020, 54 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TRINET GROUP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 $ 530 $ 487 $ 3,326 3,856 2,927 245 190 137 43 46 3,588 268 (21) 23 270 58 212 $ 212 $ 3,016 3,503 2,610 229 182 142 49 40 3,252 251 (22) 12 241 49 192 $ 192 $ 3.04 $ 2.99 $ 2.72 $ 2.65 $ 70 71 70 72 $ $ $ $ 458 2,817 3,275 2,466 213 187 114 45 33 3,058 217 (20) 3 200 22 178 178 2.57 2.49 69 71 (in millions except per share data) Professional service revenues Insurance service revenues Total revenues Insurance costs Cost of providing services Sales and marketing General and administrative Systems development and programming Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets Total costs and operating expenses Operating income Other income (expense): Interest expense, bank fees and other Interest income Income before provision for income taxes Income taxes Net income Comprehensive income Net income per share: Basic Diluted Weighted average shares: Basic Diluted See accompanying notes. 55 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TRINET GROUP, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in millions, except share and per share data) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Investments Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments Accounts receivable, net Unbilled revenue, net Prepaid expenses, net Other current assets Total current assets Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments, noncurrent Investments, noncurrent Property, equipment and software, net Operating lease right-of-use asset Goodwill Other intangible assets, net Other assets Total assets Liabilities and stockholders' equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable and other current liabilities Long-term debt Client deposits Accrued wages Accrued health insurance costs, net Accrued workers' compensation costs, net Payroll tax liabilities and other payroll withholdings Operating lease liabilities Insurance premiums and other payables Total current liabilities Long-term debt, noncurrent Accrued workers' compensation costs, noncurrent, net Deferred taxes Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies (see Note 10) Stockholders' equity: Preferred stock ($0.000025 par value per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018) Common stock and additional paid-in capital ($0.000025 par value per share; 750,000,000 shares authorized; 69,065,491 and 70,596,559 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively) Accumulated deficit Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities & stockholders' equity See accompanying notes. 56 December 31, December 31, 2019 2018 $ 213 $ 68 1,180 9 285 52 64 228 54 942 11 304 48 59 1,871 1,646 $ $ 212 125 85 55 289 15 96 187 135 79 — 289 21 78 2,748 $ 2,435 $ 31 22 44 391 167 61 901 17 9 45 22 56 352 135 67 729 — 19 1,643 1,425 369 144 61 48 8 391 158 68 — 18 2,273 2,060 — 694 (219) 475 $ 2,748 $ — 641 (266) 375 2,435 Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 $ 375 $ 206 $ 641 2 9 42 694 (266) 212 — (140) (25) (219) 475 $ 583 7 7 44 641 (377) 192 2 (61) (22) (266) 375 $ 35 535 11 5 32 583 (500) 178 — (44) (11) (377) 206 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TRINET GROUP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (in millions) Total Stockholders' Equity, beginning balance Common Stock and Additional Paid-In Capital: Beginning balance Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan Stock based compensation expense Ending balance Accumulated Deficit: Beginning balance Net income Cumulative effect of accounting change Repurchase of common stock Awards effectively repurchased for required employee withholding taxes Ending balance Total Stockholders' Equity, ending balance $ See accompanying notes. 57 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TRINET GROUP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in millions) Operating activities Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: $ 212 $ 192 178 Depreciation and amortization Noncash lease expense Stock based compensation Deferred income taxes Amortization of (premium) discount of investments Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net Unbilled revenue, net Prepaid expenses, net Accounts payable and other current liabilities Client deposits Accrued wages Accrued health insurance costs, net Accrued workers' compensation costs, net Payroll taxes payable and other payroll withholdings Operating lease liabilities Other assets Other liabilities Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities Investing activities Purchases of marketable securities Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities Acquisitions of property and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Financing activities Repurchase of common stock Proceeds from issuance of common stock Awards effectively repurchased for required employee withholding taxes Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net Payments for extinguishment of debt Repayment of debt Net cash used in financing activities Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted and restricted Cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted and restricted: Beginning of period End of period Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information Interest paid Income taxes paid, net Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities Payable for purchase of property and equipment See accompanying notes. 58 57 16 41 (7) (1) 5 19 (5) (15) (12) 40 32 (20) 172 (17) (34) (12) 471 (302) 159 (45) (188) (140) 11 (25) — — (22) (176) 107 46 — 44 1 — 10 (14) (9) (8) 4 23 (16) (7) (305) — (64) (1) (104) (258) 101 (43) (200) (61) 14 (22) 210 (204) (22) (85) (389) 35 — 32 (25) — (14) (4) 28 23 (4) 26 22 9 294 — (11) 17 606 — 14 (38) (24) (44) 16 (11) — — (38) (77) 505 1,349 1,456 $ 1,738 1,349 $ 1,233 1,738 19 $ 62 2 $ 17 49 3 16 2 2 $ $ $ FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TRINET GROUP, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business TriNet Group, Inc. (TriNet, or the Company, we, our and us), a professional employer organization, provides comprehensive human resources solutions for small to midsize businesses under a co-employment model. These HR solutions include multi-state payroll processing and tax administration, employee benefits programs, including health insurance and retirement plans, workers' compensation insurance and claims management, employment and benefit law compliance, and other HR-related services. Through the co-employment relationship, we are the employer of record for certain employment-related administrative and regulatory purposes for the worksite employees (WSEs), including: • • • • compensation through wages and salaries, employer payroll-related tax payments, employee payroll-related tax withholdings and payments, employee benefit programs, including health and life insurance, and others, and • workers' compensation coverage. Our clients are responsible for the day-to-day job responsibilities of the WSEs. We operate in one reportable segment. All of our service revenues are generated from external clients. Less than 1% of our revenue is generated outside of the United States. Basis of Presentation Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and related disclosures. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable from the facts available to us. Some of the assumptions are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial statements could be materially affected. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (ASC Topic 606) using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while the comparative prior period amounts are not restated and continue to be reported in accordance with statements previously accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605. Upon adoption of ASC Topic 606, we recorded a $2 million cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. Impacts from adoption of the new standard on our revenue recognition include: • Our annual service contracts with our clients that are cancellable with 30 days' notice are considered 30-day contracts under the new standard; • Professional service revenues are recognized on an output basis which results in recognition at the time payroll is processed; 59 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS • Our non-refundable set up fees are no longer deferred but accounted for as part of our transaction price and are allocated among professional service revenues and insurance services revenues; and • The majority of sales commissions related to onboarding new clients that were previously expensed are capitalized as contract assets and amortized over the estimated client life. Revenues are recognized when the promised services are transferred to our clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for services. We generate all of our revenue from contracts with clients. We disaggregate revenues into professional services revenues and insurance services revenues as reported on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Generally, both the client and the Company may terminate the contract without penalty by providing a 30-day notice. Performance Obligations At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with clients and identify a performance obligation for each distinct promise to transfer to the client a service or bundle of services. We determined that the following distinct services represent separate performance obligations: • Payroll and payroll tax processing, • Health benefits services, and • Workers’ compensation services. Payroll and payroll tax processing performance obligations include services to process payroll and payroll tax-related transactions on behalf of our clients. Revenues associated with this performance obligation are reported as professional service revenues and recognized using an output method in which the promised services are transferred when a client's payroll is processed by us and WSEs are paid. Professional service revenues are stated net of the gross payroll and payroll tax amounts funded by our clients. Although we assume the responsibilities to process and remit the payroll and payroll related obligations, we do not assume employment-related responsibilities such as determining the amount of the payroll and related payroll obligations. As a result, we are the agent in this arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. Health benefits and workers' compensation services include performance obligations to provide TriNet-sponsored health benefits and workers' compensation insurance coverage through insurance policies provided by third-party insurance carriers and settle high deductible amounts on those policies. Revenues associated with these performance obligations are reported as insurance services revenues and are recognized using the output method over the period of time that the client and WSEs are covered under TriNet-sponsored insurance policies. We control the selection of health benefits and workers' compensation coverage made available. As a result, we are the principal in this arrangement for revenue recognition purposes and insurance services revenues are reported gross. We generally charge new customers a nominal upfront non-refundable fee to recover our costs to set them up on our TriNet platform for payroll processing and other administrative services, such as benefit enrollments. These fees are accounted for as part of our transaction price and are allocated among the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. Variable Consideration and Pricing Allocation Our contracts with customers generally do not include any variable consideration. However, from time to time, we may offer incentive credits to our clients considered to be variable consideration including incentive credits issued related to contract renewals. Incentive credits are recorded as a reduction to revenue as part of the transaction price at contract inception when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the incentive credit and we reduce the full amount of the credit only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of any incremental revenue will not occur. These incentive credits are allocated among the performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. 60 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised services underlying each performance obligation. The transaction price for the payroll and payroll tax processing performance obligations is determined upon establishment of the contract that contains the final terms of the arrangement, including the description and price of each service purchased. The estimated service fee is calculated based on observable inputs and include the following key assumptions: target profit margin, pricing strategies including the mix of services purchased and competitive factors, and client and industry specifics. The transaction price for health benefits insurance and workers' compensation insurance performance obligations is determined during the new client on-boarding and enrollment processes based on the types of benefits coverage the clients and WSEs have elected and the applicable risk profile of the client. We estimate our service fees based on actuarial forecasts of our expected insurance premiums and loss sensitive premium costs, and amounts to cover our costs to administer these programs. We require our clients to prefund payroll and related taxes and other withholding liabilities before payroll is processed or due for payment. Under the provision of our contracts with clients, we generally will process the payment of a client’s payroll only when the client successfully funds the amount required. As a result, there is no financing arrangement for the contracts, however, certain contracts to provide payroll and payroll tax processing services permit the client to pay certain payroll tax components ratably over a 12-month period rather than as payroll tax is determined on wages paid, which may be considered a significant financing arrangement under ASC Topic 606. However, as the period between our performing the service under the contract and when the client pays for the service is less than one year, we have elected, as a practical expedient, not to adjust the transaction price. Unbilled Revenue We recognize WSE payroll and payroll tax liabilities in the period in which the WSEs perform work. When clients' pay periods cross reporting periods, we accrue the portion of the unpaid WSE payroll where we assume, under state regulations, the obligation for the payment of wages and the corresponding payroll tax liabilities associated with the work performed prior to period-end. These estimated payroll and payroll tax liabilities are recorded in accrued wages. The associated receivables, including estimated revenues, offset by advance collections from clients, are recorded as unbilled revenue. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, advance collections included in unbilled revenue were $95 million and $23 million respectively. Contract Costs We recognize as deferred commission expense the incremental cost to obtain a contract with a client for certain components under our commission plans for sales representatives and channel partners that are directly related to new customers onboarded as we expect to recover these costs through future service fees. Such assets are amortized over the estimated average client tenure. These commissions are earned on the basis of the revenue generated from payroll and payroll tax processing performance obligations. When the commission on a renewal contract is not commensurate with the commission on the initial contract, any incremental commission will be capitalized and amortized over the estimated average client tenure. If the commission for both the initial contract and renewal contracts are commensurate, such commissions are expensed in the contract period. The below table summarizes the amounts capitalized and amortized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 (in millions) Deferred commission expense Capitalized Amortized Capitalized Amortized $ 45 $ 10 $ 33 $ 2 Certain commission plans pay a commission on estimated professional service revenues over the first 12 months of the contract with clients. The portion of commission paid in excess of the actual commission earned in that period is recorded as prepaid commission. When the prepaid commission is considered earned, it is classified as a deferred commission expense and subject to amortization. We do not have material contract liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. 61 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Insurance Costs Our fully insured insurance plans are provided by third-party insurance carriers under risk-based or guaranteed-cost insurance policies. Under risk-based policies, we agree to reimburse our carriers for any claims paid within an agreed- upon per-person deductible layer up to a maximum aggregate exposure limit per policy. These deductible dollar limits and maximum limits vary by carrier and year. Under guaranteed-cost policies, our carriers establish the premiums and we are not responsible for any deductible. Insurance costs include insurance premiums for coverage provided by insurance carriers, reimbursement of claims payments made by insurance carriers or third-party administrators below a predefined deductible limit, and changes in accrued costs related to our workers' compensation and health benefit insurance. At policy inception, annual workers' compensation premiums are estimated by the insurance carriers based on projected wages over the duration of the policy period and the risk categories of the WSEs. We initially pay premiums based on these estimates. As actual wages are realized, premium expense recorded may differ from estimated premium expense, creating an asset or liability throughout the policy year. Such asset or liability is reported on our consolidated balance sheets as prepaid expenses or insurance premiums and other payables, respectively. Accrued Workers' Compensation Costs We have secured fully insured workers' compensation insurance policies with insurance carriers to administer and pay claims for our clients and WSEs. We are responsible for reimbursing the insurance carriers for losses up to $1 million per claim occurrence (deductible layer). Insurance carriers are responsible for administering and paying claims. We are responsible for reimbursing each carrier up to a deductible limit per occurrence. Accrued workers' compensation costs represent our liability to reimburse insurance carriers for our share of their losses and loss adjustment expenses. These accrued costs are established to provide for the estimated ultimate costs of paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with workers' compensation insurance policies. These accrued costs include estimates for reported and incurred but not reported (IBNR) losses, accrued costs on reported claims, and expenses associated with processing and settling the claims. In establishing these accrued costs, we use an external actuary to provide an estimate of undiscounted future cash payments that would be made to settle the claims based upon: • • • • • historical loss experience, exposure data, and industry loss experience related to TriNet’s insurance policies, inputs including WSE job responsibilities and location, historical volume and severity of workers' compensation claims, an estimate of future cost trends, expected loss ratios for the latest accident year or prior accident years, adjusted for the loss trend, the effect of rate changes and other quantifiable factors, and • loss development factors to project the reported losses for each accident year to an ultimate basis. We assess the accrued workers' compensation costs on a quarterly basis. For each reporting period, changes in the actuarial methods and assumptions resulting from changes in actual claims experience and other trends are incorporated into the accrued workers' compensation costs. Adjustments to previously established accrued costs estimates are reflected in the results of operations for the period in which the adjustment is identified. Such adjustments could be significant, reflecting any variety of new adverse or favorable trends. Accordingly, final claim settlements may vary materially from the present estimates, particularly when those payments may not occur until well into the future. In our experience, plan years related to workers' compensation programs may take ten years or more to be settled. We do not discount accrued workers' compensation costs. Costs expected to be paid within one year are recorded as accrued workers' compensation costs. Costs expected to be paid beyond one year are included in accrued workers' compensation costs, less current portion. 62 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We have collateral agreements with various insurance carriers where either we retain custody of funds in trust accounts which we record as restricted cash and cash equivalents, or remit funds to carriers. Collateral whether held by us, or the carriers, is used to settle our insurance and claim deductible obligations to them. Collateral requirements are established at the policy year and are re-assessed by each carrier annually. Based on the results of each assessment, additional collateral may be required for or paid to the carrier or collateral funds may be released or returned to the Company. In instances where we pay collateral to carriers and the agreement permits net settlement of obligations against collateral held, we record our accrued costs net of that collateral (Carrier Collateral Offset). We offset carrier Collateral Offset against our obligation due within the next 12 months before applying against long-term obligations. Collateral balances in excess of accrued costs are recorded in other assets. Accrued Health Insurance Costs We sponsor and administer a number of fully insured, risk-based employee benefit plans, including group health, dental, and vision as an employer plan sponsor under section 3(5) of the ERISA. In 2019, a majority of our group health insurance costs related to risk-based plans. Our remaining group health insurance costs were for guaranteed-cost policies. Accrued health insurance costs are established to provide for the estimated unpaid costs of reimbursing the carriers for paying claims within the deductible layer in accordance with risk-based health insurance policies. These accrued costs include estimates for reported losses, plus estimates for claims incurred but not paid. We assess accrued health insurance costs regularly based upon external actuarial studies that include other relevant factors such as current and historical claims payment patterns, plan enrollment and medical trend rates. In certain carrier contracts we are required to prepay the expected claims activity for subsequent periods. These prepaid balances by agreement permit net settlement of obligations and offset the accrued health insurance costs. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, prepayments offsetting accrued health insurance costs were $39 million and $33 million, respectively. When the prepaid amount is in excess of our recorded liability the net asset position is included in prepaid expenses. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, accrued health insurance costs offsetting prepaid expenses were $52 million and $50 million, respectively. Derivative Instruments In June 2019, we entered into an interest rate collar derivative transaction with no upfront premium to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates on our floating rate debt. This derivative, for which we have elected and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting, is recorded on the balance sheet at its fair value. Changes in the derivative’s fair value are recorded each period in other comprehensive income until the underlying monthly interest payment and the corresponding portion of the derivative are settled, at which point changes in fair value are recorded in net income. We evaluate this derivative each quarter to determine that it remains effective by comparing the remaining expected cash flows of the derivative against the related expected interest payments of our floating rate debt. We do not enter into any derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes. Leases We adopted ASU 2016-02 - Leases (ASC 842) effective January 1, 2019 using the optional transition method, under which we recognized the cumulative effects of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2019 with unchanged comparative periods. As part of this adoption, we elected the following practical expedients: • • not to reassess 1) whether any contracts that existed prior to adoption have or contain leases, 2) the classification of our existing leases or 3) initial direct costs for existing leases, to use the practical expedient of using hindsight to determine the lease terms and evaluate any impairments in right-of-use assets upon transition, and • not separately record non-lease and lease components for all leases in which we act as a lessee. 63 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We determine if a new contractual arrangement is a lease at contract inception. If a contract contains a lease, we evaluate whether it should be classified as an operating or a finance lease. If applicable as a lease, we record our lease liabilities and ROU assets based on the future minimum lease payments over the lease term and only include options to renew a lease in the future minimum lease payments if it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. For certain leases with original terms of twelve months or less we recognize the lease expense as incurred and we do not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets. We measure our lease liabilities based on the future minimum lease payments discounted over the lease term. We determine our discount rate at lease inception using our incremental borrowing rate, which is based on our outstanding term debts that are collateralized by certain corporate assets. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted-average rate used in discounting the lease liability was 4.4%. We measure our ROU assets based on the associated lease liabilities adjusted for any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances and classify operating ROU assets in other assets in our consolidated balance sheet. For operating leases, we recognize expense for lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include bank deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments. Investments with original maturity dates of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Restricted Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments presented on our consolidated balance sheets include: • • • cash and cash equivalents in trust accounts functioning as security deposits for our insurance carriers, payroll funds collected representing cash collected in advance from clients which we designate as restricted for the purpose of funding WSE payroll and payroll taxes and other payroll related liabilities, and amounts held in trust for current and future premium and claim obligations with our insurance carriers, which amounts are held in trust according to the terms of the relevant insurance policies and by the local insurance regulations of the jurisdictions in which the policies are in force. Investments Our investments are primarily classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes. The amortized cost of debt investments is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts from the date of purchase to the earliest call date for premiums or the maturity date for discounts. Such amortization is included in interest income as an addition to or deduction from the coupon interest earned on the investments. We use the specific identification method to determine realized gains and losses on the sale of available- for-sale securities. Realized gains and losses are included in interest income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We assess our investments for an other-than-temporary impairment loss due to a decline in fair value or other market conditions. We review several factors to determine whether a loss is other than temporary, such as the length and extent of the fair value decline, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and whether we have the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell before the securities' anticipated recovery, which may be at maturity. If management determines that a security is impaired under these circumstances, the impairment recognized in earnings is measured as the entire difference between the amortized cost and the then-current fair value. We have investments within our unrestricted and our restricted accounts. Unrestricted investments are recorded on the balance sheet as current or noncurrent based upon the remaining time to maturity, and investments subject to restrictions are classified as current or noncurrent based on the expected payout of the related liability. 64 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. Our financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis are comprised of cash equivalents, available-for-sale marketable securities and certificates of deposits. We measure certain financial assets at fair value for disclosure purposes, as well as on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Our other current financial assets and liabilities have fair values that approximate their carrying value due to their short-term nature. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market to measure fair value, summarized as follows: • • • Level 1—observable inputs for identical assets or liabilities, such as quoted prices in active markets, Level 2—inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, Level 3—unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires that we develop our own assumptions. The fair value hierarchy requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. We classify our cash equivalents, investments and long-term debt in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Accounts Receivable Our accounts receivable represents outstanding gross billings to clients, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. We require our clients to prefund payroll and related liabilities before payroll is processed or due for payment. If a client fails to fund payroll or misses the funding cut-off, at our sole discretion, we may pay the payroll and the resulting amounts due to us are recognized as accounts receivable. When client payment is received in advance of our performance under the contract, such amount is recorded as client deposits. We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of clients, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect clients’ ability to pay, and charge-off amounts when they are deemed uncollectible. The allowance was immaterial at December 31, 2019 and $1 million at December 31, 2018. Property, Equipment and Software We record property and equipment at historical cost and compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease terms, generally three years to five years for software and office equipment, five years to seven years for furniture and fixtures, and the shorter of the asset life or the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements. We expense the cost of maintenance and repairs as incurred and capitalize leasehold improvements. We capitalize internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage. Application development stage costs include software configuration, coding, and installation. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, typically ranging from three years to five years, commencing when the software is placed into service. We expense costs incurred during the preliminary project stage, as well as general and administrative, overhead, maintenance and training costs, and costs that do not add functionality to existing systems. We periodically assess the likelihood of unsuccessful completion of projects in progress, as well as monitor events or changes in circumstances, which might suggest that impairment has occurred and recoverability should be evaluated. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. 65 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted future net cash flows the asset is expected to generate. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Our goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment on an annual basis or when an event occurs or circumstances change in a way to indicate that there has been a potential decline in the fair value of the reporting unit. Goodwill impairment is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. All goodwill is associated with one reporting unit within our one reportable segment. Annually, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit has declined below its carrying value. This assessment considers various financial, macroeconomic, industry, and reporting unit specific qualitative factors. We perform our annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter. Based on the results of our reviews, no impairment loss was recognized in the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives ranging from two years to ten years using either the straight-line method or an accelerated method. Intangible assets are reviewed for indicators of impairment at least annually and evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Based on the results of our reviews, no impairment loss was recognized in the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Advertising Costs We expense the costs of producing advertisements at the time production occurs, and expense the cost of running advertisements in the period in which the advertising space or airtime is used as sales and marketing expense. Advertising costs were $18 million, $17 million, and $8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Stock Based Compensation Our stock based awards to employees include time based and performance based restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, stock options and an employee stock purchase plan. Compensation expense associated with restricted stock units and restricted stock awards is based on the fair value of common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense associated with stock options and employee stock purchase plan are based on the estimated grant date fair value method using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expense is recognized using a straight-line amortization method over the respective vesting period for awards that are ultimately expected to vest, with adjustments to expense recognized in the period in which forfeitures occur. Income Taxes We account for our provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which we recognize income taxes payable or refundable for current year and deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax effect of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. We measure our current and deferred tax assets and liabilities based on provision of enacted tax laws of those jurisdictions in which we operate. The effect of changes in tax laws and regulations, or interpretations, is recognized in our consolidated financial statements in the period that includes the enactment date. 66 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the expected benefits of using net operating loss and other carryforwards. We are required to establish a valuation allowance when it is determined more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Provision for income taxes may change when estimates used in determining valuation allowances change or when receipt of new information indicates the need for adjustment in valuation allowances. Changes in valuation allowances are reflected as a component of provision for income taxes in the period the change is enacted. We recognize a reserve for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when it is concluded that tax positions are not more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the positions. Assumptions, judgment and the use of estimates are required in determining if the more likely than not standard has been met when developing the provision for income taxes and in determining the expected benefit. The tax benefits of the position recognized in the financial statements are then measured based on the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. Unrecognized tax benefits due to tax uncertainties that do not meet the minimum probability threshold are included as other liabilities and are charged to earnings in the period that such determination is made. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are included in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments subject to concentrations of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents and investments (unrestricted and restricted), accounts receivable, and amounts due from insurance carriers. We maintain these financial assets principally in domestic financial institutions. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these institutions. Our exposure to credit risk in the event of default by the financial institutions holding these funds is limited to amounts currently held by the institution in excess of insured amounts. Under the terms of professional services agreements, clients agree to maintain sufficient funds or other satisfactory credit at all times to cover the cost of their current payroll, all accrued paid time off, vacation or sick leave balances, and other vested wage and benefit obligations for all their work site employees. We generally require payment from our clients on or before the applicable payroll date. For certain clients, we require an indemnity guarantee payment (IGP) supported by a letter of credit, bond, or a certificate of deposit from certain financial institutions. The IGP typically equals the total payroll and service fee for one average payroll period. No client accounted for more than 10% of total revenues in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Bad debt expense, net of recoveries was $1 million, for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently adopted accounting guidance Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842, which replaced existing lease guidance under GAAP. Under this guidance, we recognize on our balance sheet lease liabilities representing the present value of future lease payments and an associated right-of-use asset representing our right to use or control the use of specified assets for the lease term for any operating lease with a term greater than one year. 67 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The impact of our adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on our income statement or cash flow statement. The impact on our balance sheets is as follows: (in millions) Balance sheet Assets December 31, 2019 Balance Using Previous Standard Increase (Decrease) As reported Operating lease right-of-use assets $ Liabilities Operating lease liabilities Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent Equity Accumulated deficit $ 55 17 48 $ — — 10 (219) (219) 55 17 38 — Recently issued accounting pronouncements Credit Losses - In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326) which requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. We will be required to use forward-looking information when evaluating an allowance for our accounts receivable, unbilled revenue and other financial assets measured at amortized cost. ASC Topic 326 also modifies the impairment guidance for available-for- sale debt securities to require an allowance for credit losses. We will adopt ASC Topic 326 effective January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. We do not expect the adoption of ASC Topic 326 to have a material impact on our financial statements. NOTE 2. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS Under the terms of the agreements with certain of our workers' compensation and health benefit insurance carriers, we are required to maintain collateral in trust accounts for the benefit of specified insurance carriers and to reimburse the carriers’ claim payments within our deductible layer. We invest a portion of the collateral amounts in marketable securities. We report the current and noncurrent portions of these trust accounts as restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments on the consolidated balance sheets. We require our clients to prefund their payroll and related taxes and other withholding liabilities before payroll is processed or due for payment. This prefund is included in restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments as payroll funds collected, which is designated to pay pending payrolls, payroll tax liabilities and other payroll withholdings. We also invest available corporate funds, primarily in fixed income securities which meet the requirements of our corporate investment policy and are classified as available for sale (AFS). 68 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Our total cash, cash equivalents and investments are summarized below: (in millions) December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents Available- for-sale marketable securities Certificate of deposits Cash and cash equivalents Available- for-sale marketable securities Certificate of deposits Total Total — $ 68 — $ — 213 $ 228 $ 68 — — $ 54 — $ — Cash and cash equivalents $ 213 $ Investments Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments Payroll funds collected Collateral for health benefits claims Collateral for workers' compensation claims Collateral to secure standby letter of credit Other security deposits Total restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments Investments, noncurrent Restricted cash, cash equivalents and investments, noncurrent — 1,018 98 62 — 2 1,180 — — — — — — — 125 Collateral for workers' compensation claims 63 148 — — — — — — — 1 1,018 98 62 — 2 1,180 125 783 75 66 — 15 939 — — — 1 — — 1 135 212 182 5 — — — 2 — 2 — — Total $ 1,456 $ 341 $ 1 $ 1,798 $ 1,349 $ 195 $ 2 $ 1,546 NOTE 3. INVESTMENTS The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of our AFS investments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are presented below: (in millions) December 31, 2019 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Amortized Cost December 31, 2018 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Asset-backed securities $ 30 $ — $ — $ 30 $ 33 $ — $ — $ Corporate bonds U.S. government agencies and government- sponsored agencies U.S. treasuries Exchange traded fund Certificates of deposit Other debt securities Total 123 14 163 — 1 10 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 124 14 163 — 1 10 99 7 46 1 — 9 — — — — — — — — — — — — $ 341 $ 1 $ — $ 342 $ 195 $ — $ — $ 195 Gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were not material. Unrealized losses on fixed income securities are principally caused by changes in interest rates and the financial condition of the issuer. In analyzing an issuer's financial condition, we consider whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by credit rating agencies have occurred, and industry analysts' reports. As we have the ability to hold these investments until maturity, or for the foreseeable future, no decline was deemed to be other-than-temporary. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. 69 228 54 783 75 67 2 15 942 135 187 33 99 7 46 1 — 9 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The fair value of debt investments by contractual maturity are shown below: (in millions) One year or less Over one year through five years Over five years through ten years Over ten years Total fair value December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ $ 80 $ 237 8 17 342 $ 59 120 3 12 194 The gross proceeds from sales and maturities of AFS securities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 are shown below. We had immaterial realized gains and losses from sales of investments for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. (in millions) Gross proceeds from sales Gross proceeds from maturities Total Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 76 $ 83 159 $ 54 $ 47 101 $ — 14 14 NOTE 4. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair Value of Financial Instruments We use an independent pricing source to determine the fair value of our securities. The independent pricing source utilizes various pricing models for each asset class; including the market approach. The inputs and assumptions for the pricing models are market observable inputs including trades of comparable securities, dealer quotes, credit spreads, yield curves and other market-related data. We have not adjusted the prices obtained from the independent pricing service and we believe the prices received from the independent pricing service are representative of the prices that would be received to sell the assets at the measurement date (exit price). The carrying value of the Company's cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. We did not have any Level 3 financial instruments recognized in our balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. There were no transfers between levels as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. 70 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis The following tables summarize our financial instruments by significant categories and fair value measurement on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018: (in millions) December 31, 2019 Cash equivalents: Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market mutual funds $ 89 $ — $ 194 194 89 3 92 30 96 5 53 10 42 12 2 14 70 28 9 110 1 148 504 U.S. treasuries Total cash equivalents Investments: Asset-backed securities Corporate bonds U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored agencies U.S. treasuries Other debt securities Total investments Restricted cash equivalents: Money market mutual funds U.S. treasuries Certificate of deposit Commercial paper Total restricted cash equivalents Restricted investments: Corporate bonds U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored agencies U.S. treasuries Certificate of deposit Total restricted investments — 89 — — — — — — 42 — — 14 56 — — — — — 3 3 30 96 5 53 10 — 12 2 — 14 28 9 110 1 148 Total investments and restricted cash equivalents and investments $ 145 $ 359 $ 71 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in millions) December 31, 2018 Cash equivalents: Level 1 Level 2 Total Money market mutual funds $ 4 $ — $ U.S. treasuries Total cash equivalents Investments: Asset-backed securities Corporate bonds U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored agencies U.S. treasuries Other debt securities Total investments Restricted cash equivalents: Money market mutual funds Commercial paper Total restricted cash equivalents Restricted investments: U.S. treasuries Exchange traded fund Certificate of deposit Total restricted investments — 4 — — — — — — 48 20 68 — 1 — 1 1 1 33 99 7 41 9 4 1 5 33 99 7 41 9 189 189 — — — 5 — 2 7 48 20 68 — 5 1 2 8 Total investments and restricted cash equivalents and investments $ 73 $ 197 $ 270 Fair Value of Financial Instruments Disclosure Long-Term Debt Our long-term debt is a floating rate debt and the fair value of our floating rate debt approximates its carrying value (exclusive of issuance costs) at December 31, 2019 and 2018. The fair value of our floating rate debt is estimated based on a discounted cash flow, which incorporates credit spreads and market interest rates to estimate the fair value and is considered Level 3 in the hierarchy for fair value measurement. Derivative Instruments In June 2019, we entered into an interest rate collar derivative transaction with no upfront premium to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates on the interest payments on a portion of our floating rate debt. If short-term interest rates increase, we will incur higher interest expense on any future outstanding balances of floating rate debt. We use this derivative as part of our interest rate risk management strategy and designated it as a cash flow hedge. If interest rates rise above the cap strike rate on the contract, we will receive variable-rate amounts and if interest rates fall below the floor strike rate on the contract, we will pay variable-rate amounts. The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative instrument at December 31, 2019: (in millions) Derivatives designated as hedging instruments December 31, 2019 Fair Market Value Hedge type Final settlement date Notional amount Other current assets Accounts payable and other current liabilities Collar - LIBOR Cash flow May 2022 $ 213 $ — $ — 72 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The pre-tax effect of derivative instrument for year ended December 31, 2019 is insignificant and we estimate that an insignificant amount of net derivative gains or losses included in other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings within the following 12 months. There were no cash flows associated with the derivative for year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, we do not hold, nor have we posted, any collateral related to the above derivative instrument. The interest rate collar derivative is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as its value is determined using observable inputs such as forward LIBOR curves. NOTE 5. PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE, NET Property, equipment and software, net, consists of the following: (in millions) Software Office equipment, including data processing equipment Leasehold improvements Furniture, fixtures, and equipment Projects in progress Total Less: Accumulated depreciation Property and equipment, net December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ $ 174 $ 27 24 17 3 245 (160) 85 $ 144 27 21 15 2 209 (130) 79 Projects in progress consist primarily of development costs for internally developed software, which we capitalize and amortize on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. The following table summarizes our depreciation expense and capitalized internally developed software costs and related depreciation expense. (in millions) Depreciation expense Capitalized internally developed software costs Depreciation expense for capitalized internally developed software costs Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 41 $ 31 29 35 $ 33 24 28 29 17 NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following summarizes goodwill and other intangible assets: (in millions) Goodwill Amortizable intangibles: Customer contracts Developed technology Total December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Weighted Average Amortization Period Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount $ 289 $ — $ 289 $ 289 $ — $ 289 10 years 5 years 90 5 95 $ $ (76) (4) (80) $ 14 1 15 $ 90 5 95 $ (71) (3) (74) $ 19 2 21 Amortization of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $5 million for each period. We evaluate the remaining useful life of intangible assets annually to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the estimated remaining useful life. 73 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Expense related to intangibles amortization in future periods as of December 31, 2019 is expected to be as follows: Year ending December 31: 2020 2021 2022 2023 Total Amount (in millions) $ $ 5 4 4 2 15 NOTE 7. ACCRUED WORKERS' COMPENSATION COSTS The following table summarizes the accrued workers’ compensation cost activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: (in millions) Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Total accrued costs, beginning of year $ 238 $ 255 $ 255 Incurred Current year Prior years Total incurred Paid Current year Prior years Total paid 72 (31) 41 (14) (51) (65) 80 (28) 52 (12) (57) (69) Total accrued costs, end of year $ 214 $ 238 $ The following table summarizes workers' compensation liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets: 98 (6) 92 (14) (78) (92) 255 (in millions) Total accrued costs, end of year Collateral paid to carriers and offset against accrued costs Total accrued costs, net of carrier collateral offset Payable in less than 1 year (net of collateral paid to carriers of $3 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018) Payable in more than 1 year (net of collateral paid to carriers of $6 and $10 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively) Total accrued costs, net of carrier collateral offset December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 $ $ $ $ 214 $ (9) 205 $ 61 $ 144 205 $ 238 (13) 225 67 158 225 Incurred claims related to prior years represent changes in estimates for ultimate losses on workers' compensation claims. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the favorable development was primarily due to lower than expected severity development on claims that had previously been reported, as well as a lower than expected reported claim frequency. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the favorable development was primarily due to lower than expected severity of reported claims associated with office worker WSEs in recent accident years. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $46 million and $57 million, respectively, of collateral held by insurance carriers of which $9 million and $13 million, respectively, was offset against accrued workers' compensation costs as the agreements permit and are net settled of insurance obligations against collateral held. 74 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 8. LEASES Our leasing activities predominantly consist of leasing office space that we occupy, which we have classified as operating leases. Our leases are comprised of fixed payments with remaining lease terms of 1 to 9 years, some of which include options to extend for up to 15 years. As of December 31, 2019, we have not included any options to extend or cancel in the calculation of our lease liability or ROU asset. We do not have any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants in our leases. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized operating lease expense of $19 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid $17 million to reduce operating lease liabilities and recognized $17 million in new operating lease liabilities in exchange for ROU assets. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term on our operating leases was 6.1 years. Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows: (in millions) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 and thereafter Total future minimum lease payments Less: imputed interest Total operating lease liabilities Current portion Non-current portion (1) Presented in accordance with ASC 842. (2) Presented in accordance with ASC 840. (3) N/A - Not Applicable under ASC 840. NOTE 9. LONG-TERM DEBT December 31, 2019 (1) December 31, 2018 (2) $ $ $ — $ 19 11 10 9 6 19 74 $ (9) 65 17 48 18 17 11 9 8 5 20 88 N/A(3) N/A(3) N/A(3) N/A(3) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, long-term debt consisted of the following: (in millions) 2018 Term Loan A Total term loans Deferred loan costs Less: current portion Long-term debt, noncurrent Annual contractual interest rate Effective interest rate December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 392 392 (1) (22) $ 369 $ 3.42% 3.52% 414 414 (1) (22) 391 4.15% 4.25% In June 2018 we entered into a $425 million term loan A (our 2018 Term Loan) under our new credit agreement (2018 Credit Agreement). The proceeds of the 2018 Term Loan were used to repay our previously outstanding term loans. 75 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The 2018 Credit Agreement includes a $250 million revolving credit facility (our 2018 Revolver), which will be used solely for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The 2018 Revolver includes capacity for a $20 million swingline facility. Letters of credit issued pursuant to the revolving credit facility reduce the amount available for borrowing under the 2018 Revolver. At December 31, 2019, we had $16 million of letters of credit outstanding and remaining capacity of $234 million under the 2018 Revolver. Interest on our 2018 Term Loan is payable quarterly and is variable based on LIBOR plus 1.625% or the prime rate plus 0.625%, at our option, subject to certain rate adjustments based upon our total leverage ratio. At December 31, 2019, the interest rate was based on LIBOR plus 1.625%. We are required to pay a quarterly commitment fee on the daily unused amount of the commitments under our 2018 Revolver, as well as fronting fees and other customary fees for letters of credit issued under our 2018 Revolver, which is subject to adjustments based on our total leverage ratio. Borrowings under our 2018 Term Loan and 2018 Revolver are secured by substantially all of our assets, other than excluded assets as defined in our 2018 Credit Agreement, which includes certain customary assets, assets held in trusts as collateral and WSE related assets. We are permitted to make voluntary prepayments at any time without payment of a premium. We are required to make mandatory prepayments of term loans (without payment of a premium) with (i) net cash proceeds from issuances of debt (other than certain permitted debt), and (ii) net cash proceeds from certain non-ordinary course asset sales and casualty and condemnation proceeds (subject to reinvestment rights and other exceptions). The 2018 Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants and restrictive covenants customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of indebtedness (other than our 2018 Term Loan and our 2018 Revolver), dividends, distributions and transactions with affiliates, as well as minimum interest coverage and maximum total leverage ratio requirements. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the credit facilities at December 31, 2019. The remaining balance of our 2018 Term Loan will be repaid in quarterly installments in aggregate annual amounts as follows: (in millions) 2020 Year ending December 31, 2022 2023 2021 2024 Thereafter Term loan repayments $ 22 $ 22 $ 22 $ 326 $ — $ — NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Contingencies We are and, from time to time, have been and may in the future become involved in various litigation matters, legal proceedings, and claims arising in the ordinary course of our business, including disputes with our clients or various class action, collective action, representative action, and other proceedings arising from the nature of our co- employment relationship with our clients and WSEs in which we are named as a defendant. In addition, due to the nature of our co-employment relationship with our clients and WSEs, we could be subject to liability for federal and state law violations, even if we do not participate in such violations. While our agreements with our clients contain indemnification provisions related to the conduct of our clients, we may not be able to avail ourselves of such provisions in every instance. We have accrued our current best estimates of probable losses with respect to these matters, which are individually and in aggregate immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. While the outcome of the matters described above cannot be predicted with certainty, management currently does not believe that any such claims or proceedings will have a materially adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the unfavorable resolution of any particular matter or our reassessment of our exposure for any of the above matters based on additional information obtained in the future could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. 76 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 11. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION Equity Based Incentive Plans Our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2019 Plan), approved in May 2019, provides for the grant of stock awards, including stock options, RSUs, RSAs, and other stock awards. Shares available for grant as of December 31, 2019 was approximately 3 million. The 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2009 Plan), was terminated, replaced and superseded by the 2019 Plan, except that any outstanding awards granted under the 2009 Plan remain in effect pursuant to their terms. Stock Options Stock options are granted to employees at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of grant. Stock options generally have a maximum contractual term of 10 years. Stock options generally vest over 4 years, and are generally forfeited if the employee terminates service prior to vesting. The following table summarizes stock option activity under our equity-based plan for the year ended December 31, 2019: Balance at December 31, 2018 Exercised Expired Balance at December 31, 2019 Exercisable at December 31, 2019 Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2019 Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price 655,515 $ (187,504) (6,000) 462,011 $ 462,011 $ 462,011 $ 12.90 10.80 0.50 13.90 13.90 13.90 4.91 $ 4.02 $ 4.02 $ 4.02 $ Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) Additional Disclosures for Stock Options (in millions) 2019 2018 2017 Total fair value of options vested Total intrinsic value of options exercised Cash received from options exercised $ 1 $ 9 2 4 $ 24 7 Year Ended December 31, Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs) Time-based RSUs and RSAs generally vest over a four-year term. Performance-based RSUs and RSAs are subject to vesting requirements based on certain financial performance metrics as defined in the grant notice. Actual number of shares earned may range from 0% to 200% of the target award. Awards granted in 2019 and 2018 are based on a single-year performance period subject to subsequent multi-year vesting with 50% of the shares earned vesting in one year after the performance period and the remaining shares in the year after. RSUs and RSAs are generally forfeited if the participant terminates service prior to vesting. 77 19 20 20 20 7 36 11 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The following tables summarize RSU and RSA activity under our equity-based plans for the year ended December 31, 2019: Time-based RSUs and RSAs Total Number of RSUs Total Number of RSAs Total Number of Shares Nonvested at December 31, 2018 1,560,685 98,445 1,659,130 $ Granted Vested Forfeited 616,224 (891,633) (180,547) — (37,309) — 616,224 (928,942) (180,547) Nonvested at December 31, 2019 1,104,729 61,136 1,165,865 $ Nonvested at December 31, 2018 Granted Vested Cancelled Forfeited Nonvested at December 31, 2019 Performance-based RSUs and RSAs Total Number of RSUs Total Number of RSAs Total Number Shares 176,869 83,110 248,347 425,216 $ — 83,110 (155,589) (122,387) (277,976) (61,400) (27,238) 15,752 — (11,103) 114,857 (61,400) (38,341) 130,609 $ Time-based RSUs and RSAs Year Ended December 31, Additional Disclosures for equity-based plans 2019 2018 2017 Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value 33.88 60.99 32.53 38.89 48.47 Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value 42.02 59.83 39.45 61.75 41.52 49.70 37 21 Total grant date fair value of shares granted (in millions) $ Total grant date fair value of shares vested (in millions) $ Shares withheld to settle payroll tax liabilities related to vesting of shares held by employees 38 $ 30 $ 38 $ 28 $ 315,762 348,010 332,857 Performance-based RSUs and RSAs Year Ended December 31, Additional Disclosures for equity-based plans 2019 2018 2017 Total grant date fair value of shares granted (in millions) $ Total grant date fair value of shares vested (in millions) $ Shares withheld to settle payroll tax liabilities related to vesting of shares held by employees 4 $ 11 $ 14 $ 7 $ 135,877 110,222 10 — 2,244 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase plan (ESPP) offers eligible employees an option to purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions. The purchase price is equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the offering date or 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the applicable purchase date. Offering periods are approximately six months in duration and will end on or about May 15 and November 15 of each year. The plan is considered to be a compensatory plan. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 3 million shares were reserved for future issuances under the ESPP. 78 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In applying the Black Scholes option valuation model for the ESPP options, we use the following assumptions: (in millions) Expected Term (in Years) Expected Volatility Risk-Free Interest Rate Expected Dividend Yield Shares Issued under ESPP Stock Based Compensation Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 0.5 0.5 0.5 27-42% 27-37% 28-37% 1.6-2.5% 1.42-2.5% 0.62-1.42% 0% 0% 0% 207,324 175,966 224,928 Stock based compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the stock award on the grant date and recognized over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the stock award. Stock based compensation expense and other disclosures for stock based awards made to our employees pursuant to the equity plans was as follows: (in millions) Cost of providing services Sales and marketing General and administrative Systems development and programming costs Total stock based compensation expense Total stock based compensation capitalized Income tax benefit related to stock based compensation expense Tax benefit realized from stock options exercised and similar awards Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 8 $ 10 $ 3 28 2 41 $ 1 $ 11 $ 18 $ 8 22 4 44 $ — $ 11 $ 23 $ 8 6 14 4 32 — 7 28 $ $ $ $ $ The table below summarizes unrecognized compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 associated with the following: Nonvested stock options Nonvested RSUs Nonvested RSAs Amount (in millions) Weighted-Average Period (in Years) $ — 51 2 0 2.27 0.49 79 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 12. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common Stock The following table shows the beginning and ending balances of our issued and outstanding common stock for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017: Shares issued and outstanding, beginning balance Issuance of common stock from vested restricted stock units Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options Issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan Repurchase of common stock Awards effectively repurchased for required employee withholding taxes Shares issued and outstanding, ending balance Stock Repurchases Year Ended December 31, 2018 69,818,392 1,634,271 617,157 175,966 (1,190,995) (458,232) 70,596,559 2019 70,596,559 1,036,119 187,504 207,324 (2,510,376) (451,639) 69,065,491 2017 69,015,690 1,020,352 1,441,957 224,928 (1,549,434) (335,101) 69,818,392 On February 6, 2019, our board of directors authorized a $300 million incremental increase to our ongoing stock repurchase program. This repurchase authorization has no expiration. We retire shares in the period they are acquired and account for the payment as a reduction to stockholders' equity. The following table summarizes the share repurchases under this program for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017: (in millions, except per share data) Total cost Total shares Average price per share Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2019 $ $ 140 $ 61 $ 44 2,510,376 1,190,995 1,549,434 55.64 $ 51.22 $ 34.46 As of December 31, 2019, $236 million remains available for repurchase under all authorizations approved by the board of directors. 80 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 13. INCOME TAXES Provision for Income Taxes We are subject to tax in U.S. federal and various state and local jurisdictions, as well as Canada. We are not subject to any material income tax examinations in federal or state jurisdictions for tax years prior to January 1, 2015. The provision for income taxes consists of the following: (in millions) Current: Federal State Total Current Deferred: Federal State Revaluation due to legislative changes Total Deferred Total Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 53 $ 12 65 (2) (5) — (7) 41 $ 7 48 (3) 4 — 1 $ 58 $ 49 $ 46 1 47 12 3 (40) (25) 22 Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate reconciled to our effective tax rate is as follows: (in millions, except percent) Year Ended December 31, 2019 Tax Expense/ (Benefit) Percent of Pre- Tax Income (Loss) Pre-Tax Income $ 270 Pre-Tax Income $ 241 2018 Tax Expense /(Benefit) Percent of Pre- Tax Income (Loss) Pre-Tax Income $ 200 2017 Tax Expense/ (Benefit) Percent of Pre- Tax Income (Loss) U.S. federal statutory tax rate $ State income taxes, net of federal benefit Tax rate change Nondeductible meals, entertainment and penalties Stock based compensation Uncertain tax positions Tax credits State and tax return to provision adjustments Sec 199 benefits Other Total 57 20 — 1 (1) — (7) (8) (1) (3) 21% $ 7 — — — — (3) (3) — (1) $ 58 21% $ 51 18 — 1 (9) 1 (5) (7) — (1) 49 21% $ 8 — — (4) — (2) (3) — — 70 10 (40) 1 (15) 4 (4) (5) (3) 4 35% 5 (20) — (7) 2 (2) (3) (1) 2 20% $ 22 11% Our effective income tax rate increased by 1% to 21% in 2019 from 20% in 2018. The increase was primarily attributable to one-time expenses associated with stock based compensation and a reduction from excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation. These increases were partially offset by a one-time benefit associated with prior year tax expense and changes in valuation allowance. The revaluation of deferred taxes from changes in the statutory tax rates resulted in a discrete tax benefit representing an immaterial amount in 2019 and 2018, and 20% for the year ended December 31, 2017. 81 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Deferred Income Taxes Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in millions) Deferred tax assets: Net operating losses (federal and state) Accrued expenses Accrued workers' compensation costs Stock based compensation Tax benefits relating to uncertain positions Tax credits (federal and state) Total Valuation allowance Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization Deferred service revenues Prepaid health plan expenses Prepaid commission expenses Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liabilities Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 $ 3 $ 10 9 3 1 7 33 (5) 28 (27) (41) (1) (19) (88) $ (60) $ 3 8 9 8 — 7 35 (7) 28 (24) (62) — (9) (95) (67) As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we have various state net operating loss carryforwards of $53 million and $61 million, respectively, which, if unused, will expire in years 2020 through 2039 with the exception of an immaterial amount that will be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we have state tax credit carryforwards (net of federal benefit) of $6 million and $7 million, respectively available that will begin expiring in 2021, which are offset by a valuation allowance of $4 million and $6 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2019 included $8 million of excess tax benefits resulting from equity incentive plan activities. We previously paid Notices of Proposed Assessments disallowing employment tax credits totaling $11 million, plus interest of $4 million in connection with the IRS examination of Gevity HR, Inc. and its subsidiaries, which was acquired by TriNet in June 2009. TriNet filed suit in June 2016 to recover the disallowed credits, and the issue is being resolved through the litigation process. TriNet and the U.S. filed cross motions for summary judgment in federal district court. On September 17, 2018, the district court granted our motion for summary judgment and denied the U.S.'s motion. On January 18, 2019, the district court entered judgment in favor of TriNet in the amount of $15 million, plus interest. The U.S. filed a notice of appeal of the federal district court's decision on March 18, 2019. The U.S. filed its opening brief in the court of appeals on June 10, 2019 and we filed our answering brief on July 24, 2019 to which the government filed its reply brief on September 6, 2019. We will continue to vigorously defend our position through the litigation process. Given the uncertainty of the outcome of any appeal, it remains possible that our recovery of the refund will be less than the total amount in dispute. 82 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Valuation Allowance We have recorded a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated amount of deferred tax assets that may not be realized. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the valuation allowance is presented in the table below: (in millions) Valuation allowance at January 1 Credited/ charged to net income Valuation allowance at December 31 Uncertain Tax Positions Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ 7 $ (2) 5 7 $ — 7 6 1 7 As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the total unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain income tax positions, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized, were $7 million and $6 million, respectively. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) is presented in the table below: (in millions) Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 Additions for tax positions of prior periods Additions for tax positions of current period Reductions for tax positions of prior period: Lapse of applicable statute of limitations Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 $ $ 6 $ 1 1 (1) 7 $ 6 $ 1 — (1) 6 $ 1 4 1 — 6 As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued were immaterial. The unrecognized tax benefit, including accrued interest and penalties, is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. It is reasonably possible the amount of the unrecognized benefit could increase or decrease within the next twelve months, which would have an impact on net income. 83 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on those shares used in the basic EPS computation, plus potentially dilutive shares issuable under our equity-based compensation plans using the treasury stock method. Shares that are potentially anti-dilutive are excluded. The following table presents the computation of our basic and diluted EPS attributable to our common stock: (in millions, except per share data) Net income Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding Basic EPS Net income Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding Diluted EPS Common stock equivalents excluded from income per diluted share because of their anti-dilutive effect NOTE 15. 401(k) PLAN $ $ $ $ Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 212 $ 70 3.04 $ 212 $ 70 1 71 192 $ 70 2.72 $ 192 $ 70 2 72 178 69 2.57 178 69 2 71 2.99 $ 2.65 $ 2.49 1 1 2 The Company maintains a defined contribution 401(k) plan for the benefit of corporate employees. Under our 401(k) plan, eligible employees may elect to contribute based on their eligible compensation. The Company matches a portion of employee contributions, which amounted to $14 million, $11 million, and $6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We also maintain multiple employer defined contribution plans, which cover WSEs for client companies electing to participate in the plan and for their internal staff employees. We contribute, on behalf of each participating client, varying amounts based on the clients’ policies and serviced employee elections. NOTE 16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS We have service agreements with certain stockholders that we process their employees' payrolls and payroll taxes. From time to time, we also enter into sales and purchases agreements with various companies that have a relationship with our executive officers or members of our board of directors. The relationships are typically an equity investment by the executive officer or board member in the customer / vendor company or our executive officer or board member is a member of the customer / vendor company's board of directors. We have received $25 million, $20 million, and $22 million in total revenues from such related parties during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We have also entered into various software license agreements with software service providers who have board members in common with us. We paid the software service providers $10 million, $5 million, and $6 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, for services we received, respectively. 84 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 17. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) (in millions, except per share data) March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Quarter ended 2019 Total revenues Insurance costs Operating income Net income Basic net income per share Diluted net income per share 2018 Total revenues Insurance costs Operating income Net income Basic net income per share Diluted net income per share $ $ $ $ $ $ 934 $ 935 $ 969 $ 683 82 63 0.91 $ 0.89 $ 704 55 46 0.65 $ 0.64 $ 748 68 55 0.80 $ 0.78 $ 861 $ 850 $ 875 $ 641 71 54 0.77 $ 0.75 $ 630 76 58 0.82 $ 0.80 $ 647 62 51 0.73 $ 0.71 $ 1,018 792 63 48 0.69 0.68 917 692 42 29 0.41 0.40 85 DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures We have, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and our Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019 in ensuring that i. information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and ii. such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Due to inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. We have performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 based upon criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, we determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019. Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. This audit report appears in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information. Not applicable. 86 MANAGEMENT AND CERTAIN SECURITY HOLDERS PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2019. Item 11. Executive Compensation. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2019. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2019. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2019. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to TriNet Group Inc.’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2019. 87 FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. (a) The following documents are filed as a part of the report: PART IV (1) The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed in the “Index to Financial Statements” under Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. (2) Financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-K. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary. None. 88 EXHIBITS Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Form File No. Exhibit Filing Filed Herewith EXHIBIT INDEX Incorporated by Reference 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 10.1* 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TriNet Group, Inc. Certificate of Correction of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TriNet Group, Inc. 8-K 001-36373 3.1 4/1/2014 10-Q 001-36373 3.1 11/2/2017 Amended and Restated Bylaws of TriNet Group, Inc. S-1/A 333-192465 Registration Rights Agreement, by and between TriNet Group, Inc. and AGI-T, L.P., dated as of February 1, 2017. 8-K 001-36373 3.4 4.1 3/4/2014 2/2/2017 X S-1/A 333-192465 10.3 3/14/2014 10-Q 001-36373 10.1 5/8/2015 S-1/A 333-192465 10.4 3/4/2014 S-1/A 333-192465 10.6 3/4/2014 10-Q 001-36373 10.1 4/30/2018 10-Q 001-36373 10.2 4/30/2018 10-Q 001-36373 10.3 4/30/2018 10-Q 001-36373 10.4 4/30/2018 10-Q 001-36373 10.2 4/29/2019 Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Option Agreement and Option Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Award Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement and Restricted Stock Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement and Performance- Based Restricted Stock Grant Notice under the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through February 20, 2014. Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement and Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. 89 EXHIBITS Exhibit No. 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* Description of Exhibit Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice under the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan. TriNet Group, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award and Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the TriNet Group, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. Incorporated by Reference Form 10-Q File No. 001-36373 Exhibit 10.3 Filing 4/29/2019 Filed Herewith 10-Q 001-36373 10.1 7/25/2019 10-Q 001-36373 10.2 7/25/2019 10.13* 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. S-1/A 333-192465 10.7 3/14/2014 10.14* 2015 Executive Bonus Plan. 8-K 001-36373 N/A 3/11/2015 10.15* Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy. 10-K 001-36373 10.7 2/27/2018 10.16* TriNet Group, Inc. Severance Benefit Plan. 10-K 001-36373 10.10 4/1/2016 10.17* 10.18* 10.19 10.20* 10.21* 10.22* 10.23* 10.24* 10.25* 10.26* TriNet Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Severance Benefit Plan TriNet Group Inc. Amended and Restated Executive Severance Benefit Plan Form of Indemnification Agreement made by and between TriNet Group, Inc. and each of its directors and executive officers. Employment Agreement, dated November 9, 2009, between Burton M. Goldfield and TriNet Group, Inc. Employment Agreement, dated March 31, 2017, between Richard Beckert and TriNet Group, Inc. Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated December 31, 2016, between Edward Griese and TriNet Group, Inc. Employment Agreement, dated October 16, 2017, between Barrett Boston and TriNet Group, Inc., as amended on February 26, 2018. Employment Agreement, dated November 19, 2018, between Samantha Wellington and TriNet Group, Inc. First Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated April 9, 2018, between TriNet Group, Inc. and Olivier Kohler. Stockholder Agreement, by and between TriNet Group, Inc. and AGI-T, L.P., dated as of December 21, 2016 8-K 001-36373 10.1 5/23/2017 10-Q 001-36373 10.5 4/30/2018 S-1/A 333-192465 10.8 3/4/2014 S-1/A 333-192465 10.9 2/13/2014 10-Q 001-36373 10.1 8/1/2017 10-Q 001-36373 10.2 8/1/2017 10-K 001-36373 10.15 2/27/2018 10-K 001-36373 10.22 2/14/2019 10-Q 001-36373 10.1 4/29/2019 8-K 001-36373 10.1 12/22/2016 90 EXHIBITS Exhibit No. 10.27* 21.1 23.1 24.1 31.1 31.2 32.1** 101.INS Description of Exhibit Credit Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2018, among TriNet Group, Inc., TriNet USA, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. List of Subsidiaries. Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this report). Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002. Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. 101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.SCH CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension SchemaCalculation Linkbase Document. 101.CAL DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension CalculationDefinition Linkbase Document. 101.DEF LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension DefinitionLabel Linkbase Document. 101.LAB PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension LabelPresentation Linkbase Document. 101.PRE 104 XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL document). Incorporated by Reference Form 8-K File No. 001-36373 Exhibit 10.1 Filing 6/22/2018 Filed Herewith X X X X X X X X X X X X * ** Constitutes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. Document has been furnished, is deemed not filed and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in any such filing. 91 SIGNATURES SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Dublin, State of California, on the day of 13th February, 2020. Date: February 13, 2020 Date: February 13, 2020 TRINET GROUP, INC. By: /s/ Burton M. Goldfield Burton M. Goldfield Chief Executive Officer By: /s/ Richard Beckert Richard Beckert Chief Financial Officer KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Burton M. Goldfield, Richard Beckert and Samantha Wellington, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with the full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place or stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report and to file the same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that any of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. 92 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Burton M. Goldfield Burton M. Goldfield /s/ Richard Beckert Richard Beckert /s/ Michael P. Murphy Michael P. Murphy /s/ Michael J. Angelakis Michael J. Angelakis /s/ Katherine August-deWilde Katherine August-deWilde /s/ Martin Babinec Martin Babinec /s/ H. Raymond Bingham H. Raymond Bingham /s/ Paul Chamberlain Paul Chamberlain /s/ Kenneth Goldman Kenneth Goldman /s/ Shawn Guertin Shawn Guertin /s/ David C. Hodgson David C. Hodgson /s/ Dr. Jacqueline Kosecoff Dr. Jacqueline Kosecoff /s/ Wayne B. Lowell Wayne B. Lowell Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) February 13, 2020 Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) February 13, 2020 Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer) February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 February 13, 2020 Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director 93 [This page intentionally left blank] Paul ChamberlainAudit Committee MemberBurton M. GoldfieldPresident and Chief Executive OfficerKenneth GoldmanAudit Committee MemberShawn GuertinAudit Committee MemberJacqueline KosecoffCompensation Committee MemberWayne LowellAudit Committee ChairBOARD OF DIRECTORSDavid C. HodgsonChair of the Board of Directors andNominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee MemberMichael J. AngelakisCompensation Committee Member andNominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee MemberKatherine August-deWildeCompensation Committee ChairMartin BabinecH. Raymond BinghamNominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee Chair and CompensationCommittee MemberCORPORATE INFORMATIONCorporate HeadquartersOne Park Place, Suite 600Dublin, CA 94568T: 510.352.5000F: 510.352.6480TriNet.comInvestor Relationsinvestorrelations@trinet.com510.875.7201Transfer AgentComputershareP.O. Box 505000Louisville, KY 40233800.736.3001 (US, Canada, Puerto Rico)781.575.3100 (non-US)computershare.com/investorStock ExchangeNew York Stock ExchangeNYSE Trading Symbol: TNET#YourPeopleMatterTriNet.com

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