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Trisura Group

tsu · TSX Financial Services
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Employees 51-200
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FY2017 Annual Report · Trisura Group
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2017  
ANNUAL REPORT 

 
Letter to Shareholders 

This  past  year  was  a  transformational  one  for  Trisura  Group,  our  first  year  of  operations  as  a  public, 
global  specialty  insurance  company.  On  June  22,  2017,  our  common  shares  were  listed  on  the  TSX 
following  a  spinoff  from  our  former  parent,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  We  would  like  to 
acknowledge  and thank  Brookfield for the integral  role they played in our  formation and growth over 
the past decade. Throughout this period of change, what hasn’t changed is our focus on the culture and 
values that have made us preferred partners for our specialty insurance distribution networks in Canada 
and abroad. 

Business Operations 

Our primary strategic objective following last June’s public listing was to expand into the U.S. specialty 
insurance market. The U.S. is well-suited to our niche products and offers considerable opportunities for 
growth. During the year, we secured  a U.S. insurance license and AM Best A- (Excellent) rating, which 
positions us to compete effectively in the U.S. specialty markets in 2018. We are pleased to announce 
that  we  have  written  our  first  policy  in  the  US  and  expect  to  bind  more  program  business  under  our 
fronting fee-based business model in this market shortly. 

Our  business  has  historically  been  focused  on  contractor  surety  and  specialty  P&C  products,  and  we 
continue to be a leader in the Canadian specialty commercial insurance market. Our Canadian subsidiary 
is  our  most  mature  business  line  and  run  by  an  experienced  and  skilled management  team.  We  have 
strong  underwriting  teams  in  the  business  lines  that  we  write  and  believe  we  are  well-positioned  for 
future growth. In our specialty P&C business last year, we recorded a combined ratio of 89%,  driving a 
solid  13.7%  return  on  common  equity.  We’re  proud  of  the  recognition  of  our  Canadian  team  in  once 
again being designated  one  of Canada’s Top Small and Medium Employers,  demonstrating the  special 
culture of our organization. 

Our  international  reinsurance  business  based  in  Barbados  provides  us  with  an  important  platform  for 
future international growth.  As we continue to build out our operations we expect to further integrate 
our businesses with Trisura International in creating a leading global specialty insurance company. 

Financial Highlights 

Our balance sheet is strong, with a $122 million capital base and a consolidated debt-to-capital ratio of 
less than 20%.  Each of our regulated insurance subsidiaries are well-capitalized with  ample  regulatory 
capital positions.  

Our  specialty  P&C  insurance  business  delivered  strong  performance,  with  $147  million  in  gross 
premiums written, an increase of 17%. We continue to participate in the niche markets where we have 
built  our  business,  demonstrating  the  value  of  a  specialized  focus.  Our  growth  was  broad-based,  with 
increased  premiums  year  over  year  in  each  of  Surety,  Risk  Solutions  and  Corporate  insurance.  Our 
dedicated focus on specialty lines has enabled our Canadian business to grow at rates above that of the 
broader Canadian P&C industry.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
Strategic Initiatives 

Last fall, we simplified our corporate structure by acquiring the 40% management group interest in our 
Canadian subsidiary that we did not own. In exchange, we issued common shares at the Trisura Group 
level  to  the  management  team.  We  now  own  100%  of  Trisura  Guarantee,  and  importantly,  we 
strengthened alignment of our Canadian management team with Trisura Group shareholders. 

Following  overwhelming  approval  at  a  special  meeting  of  shareholders  in  December  2017,  we 
rationalized  our  shareholder  base  through  a  share  consolidation  and  subsequent  share  split.  This 
initiative  provided  liquidity  to  Trisura  Group  shareholders  with  fewer  than  10  shares  and  enabled  all 
other shareholders to benefit from, materially reduced future administrative costs. 

We have also bolstered our investment capabilities, recognizing the value of a global investment posture 
and  access  to  a  diversified  set  of  securities.  The  investment  environment  remains  challenging,  with 
corporate  spreads  at  historic  lows  and  equity  market  valuations  at  historic  highs.  Despite  these 
headwinds, we believe that we can have success applying principles of prudent investment management 
in seeking opportunities to enhance yield.   

Closing 

We  are  well-positioned  to  continue  our  trajectory  of  growth  in  2018.  Our  team  is  focused  on 
underwriting  specialty  commercial  business  alongside  our  distribution  partners  and  we  are  actively 
searching for opportunities to expand in Canada and abroad. Our U.S. platform is in the early innings of 
its development and its potential is promising; we are excited to begin writing business. Our niche focus 
will  serve  our  shareholders  well  and  we  expect  that  specialty  commercial  insurance  will  continue  to 
outperform the boarder P&C market’s underwriting results.   

As we look forward towards 2018, I would like to thank our partners, shareholders and employees for 
their continued support.  

Sincerely, 

Gregory A. Morrison 
Chief Executive Officer 

February 16, 2018 

 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
For the year ended December 31, 2017  

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is provided to enable a reader to assess the results of operations and 
financial condition of Trisura Group Ltd.  for the three and twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2017.  This MD&A 
should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, and 
all of the financial statements included in our Prospectus dated May 12, 2017. 

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this MD&A to the “Company” refer to Trisura Group Ltd. and references 
to “us,” “we” or “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated entities.   

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are in Canadian dollars, and are prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.  In this MD&A,  unless 
otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all references to “$” are to Canadian dollars. 

This MD&A is dated February 16, 2018.  Additional information is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

1  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section 1 – Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

•  Our Business 
•  Organizational Structure & Regulatory Framework 

Section 2 – Financial Highlights ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 
Section 3 – Financial Review ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 

Income Statement Analysis 

• 
•  Balance Sheet Analysis  
•  Share Capital 
•  Liquidity 
•  Capital 

Section 4 – Underwriting Performance Review .............................................................................................................................................. 9 

•  Specialty P&C 
•  Reinsurance 
•  Corporate 

Section 5 – Investment Performance Review................................................................................................................................................ 16 

•  Overview 
•  Summary of Investment Portfolio 
• 

Investment Performance 

Section 6 – Outlook & Strategy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 

Industry 

• 
•  Outlook and Strategy 

Section 7 – Other Information ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20 

•  Ratings 
•  Cash Flow Summary 
•  Segmented Reporting 
•  Contractual Obligations 
•  Financial Instruments 
•  Related Party Transactions 
•  Operating Metrics 

Section 8 – Risk Management........................................................................................................................................................................ 23 

•  Key Risks 

Section 9 – Summary of Results..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 

•  Selected Quarterly Results 

Section 10 – Accounting and Disclosure Matters ............................................................................................................................. 27 

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting 

•  Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
• 
•  Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking information 
•  Glossary of Abbreviations 

2  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 1 - OVERVIEW 

OUR BUSINESS 

Our Company is a leading international specialty insurance and reinsurance provider operating in the Surety, Risk Solutions, 
Corporate Insurance and Reinsurance niche segments of the market.  Our operating subsidiaries include a Canadian specialty 
insurance  company,  an  international  reinsurance  company  and  a  new  US  specialty  insurance  company.    Our  Canadian 
specialty insurance subsidiary started writing business in 2006 and has a  strong underwriting track record over its eleven 
years of operation.  Our international reinsurance business has been in operation for more than sixteen years and although 
we ceased writing new reinsurance business in 2008, we continue to evaluate writing new business in the context of market 
conditions.  Our US specialty insurance company participates in the excess and surplus non-admitted markets and is licensed 
in Oklahoma to write business in all states within the United States. 

Our Company benefits from an experienced management team, strong distribution partners and a specialized business focus.  
We plan to grow by building our new business in the US, by growing our Canadian and international businesses organically 
and through strategic acquisitions.  We believe our Company  can capitalize on favourable market conditions through our 
multi-line and multi-jurisdictional platform. Further, we will continue to focus on our existing distribution network, and strive 
to increase the penetration of our products. 

Significant company milestones in 2017 include: 

✓ 

Incorporation of the Company in January 2017 

✓  Spin-off from Brookfield Asset Management Inc. (“Brookfield”) in June 2017 

✓  Commenced trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange, under the symbol TSU, in June 2017 

✓ 

Incorporation in May 2017 and authorisation in July 2017 of our US subsidiary, Trisura Specialty Insurance 
Company (“Trisura Specialty”)  

✓  Trisura Specialty obtained an A- (Excellent) rating from the A.M. Best Company Inc. (“A.M. Best”), in September 

2017 

✓  Completion of two significant corporate objectives in Q4 2017 which position us well for our future development 

plans 

• 

• 

The acquisition of full ownership of Trisura Guarantee following the issuance of common shares at Trisura Group 
in  exchange  for  Trisura  Guarantee’s  management  group’s  40%  ownership  interest  in  the  business  (“the 
Buyout”). The Buyout is expected to be accretive to earnings and book value per share in 2018. 
The rationalization of our shareholder base as a result of a 10 for 1 share consolidation of Trisura Group common 
shares followed immediately by a 1 for 10 share split.  This transaction, which was approved by shareholders at 
a special meeting in December 2017, resulted in smaller shareholders receiving liquidity and lowered current 
and future administrative costs significantly while keeping the holdings of any holder of 10 or more common 
shares unchanged. 

✓  Staffing of underwriting and infrastructure teams for Trisura Specialty and the binding of its first transaction in 

February 2018.  

3  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 

The Company was incorporated under the  Business Corporations Act (Ontario) (“OBCA”) in January 2017.  We have three 
regulated wholly owned insurance subsidiaries:   

(i)  Trisura  Guarantee  is  our  Canadian  specialty  insurance  company.  Trisura  Guarantee  is  federally  incorporated  in 
Canada, is licensed in all provinces and territories of Canada and is subject to both prudential regulation by the Office 
of  the  Superintendent  of  Financial  Institutions  (“OSFI”)  and  market  conduct  regulation  by  each  of  the  insurance 
regulatory authorities of the provinces and territories in which it conducts business. 

(ii)  Trisura Specialty is our US specialty insurance company. Trisura Specialty was incorporated on May 31, 2017 and is 
licensed by the Oklahoma Insurance Department as a domestic surplus line insurer and can write business as a non-
admitted surplus line insurer in all states within the United States. 

(iii)  Trisura  International  Insurance  Ltd.  (“Trisura  International”),  is  our  international  reinsurance  company.  Trisura 
International is incorporated in Barbados, is licensed to write international reinsurance business and is regulated by 
the Financial Services Commission (“FSC”) in Barbados. 

SECTION 2 – FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 

✓  Excellent premium growth in 2017 increasing gross premiums written by 15.8% in Q4 2017 and by 17.4% for the full 
year and net premiums written by 21.1% in Q4 2017 and by 14.4% for the full year driven by increased activity in the 
Risk Solutions and Surety business lines at Trisura Guarantee.  

✓  Strong underwriting performance in 2017 at  Trisura Guarantee with combined ratios  of  93.7% and  88.9% in the 

fourth quarter and full year respectively.  ROE for Trisura Guarantee 2017 was a solid 13.7%.  

✓  Net income and earnings per share in Q4 2017 were slightly negative at ($0.1) million and ($0.01) per share driven 

by overhead expenses incurred from the establishment of the Trisura Specialty and the Group functions 

✓  Strong capital position with a minimum capital test (“MCT”) for Trisura Guarantee of 255% and with Trisura Specialty 
capitalized in line with its planned business development.  Furthermore, we achieved our target debt-to-capital ratio 
of 20% maximum by reducing our debt-to-capital ratio to 19.6% from 32.5% during 2017. 

4  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 3 – FINANCIAL REVIEW 

INCOME STATEMENT ANALYSIS 

Premium Revenue and Fee Income 

The strong premium growth seen in previous quarters continued in Q4 2017 with a 15.8% increase in GPW and 21.1% increase 
in  NPW  arising  mainly  from  Risk  Solutions  and  Surety  business.  This  contributed  to  a  6.3%  increase  in  Q4  2017  total 
underwriting revenue. 

For the full year 2017, GPW grew 17.4% and NPE grew 14.4%, driven mainly by growth in Risk Solutions and supported by 
growth in Surety.  Fee income which is a significant driver of net underwriting income and net income remained steady.  Total 
underwriting revenue rose 9.5%.  

5  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance% variance20172016$ variance% varianceGross premiums written38,68933,4065,28315.8%146,763124,96521,79817.4%Net premiums written26,43921,8374,60221.1%99,61587,06412,55114.4%Net premiums earned19,86618,5911,2756.9%79,43372,2557,1789.9%Fee income127214(87)(40.7%)3,4003,365351.0%Total underwriting revenue19,99318,8051,1886.3%82,83375,6207,2139.5%Net claims(5,187)(5,636)449nm(17,653)(28,800)11,147nmNet commissions(5,195)(5,106)(89)nm(24,882)(23,070)(1,812)nmPremium taxes(1,227)(962)(265)nm(4,463)(3,591)(872)nmOperating expenses (8,913)(8,862)(51)nm(32,279)(26,604)(5,675)nmNet claims and expenses (20,522)(20,566)44nm(79,277)(82,065)2,788nmNet underwriting (loss) income(529)(1,761)1,232nm3,556(6,445)10,001nmNet investment income1,0072,575(1,568)(60.9%)5,41112,424(7,013)(56.4%)Foreign exchange gains (losses)103(123)226nm(35)(528)493nmInterest expense(197)(152)(45)nm(1,009)(481)(528)nmChange in minority interests- 2(2)(100.0%)(5,156)(155)(5,001)nmIncome before income taxes384541(157)(29.0%)2,7674,815(2,048)(42.5%)Income tax expense(461)(455)(6)nm(3,109)(1,862)(1,247)nmNet (loss) income(77)86(163)(189.5%)(342)2,953(3,295)(111.6%)Other comprehensive income (loss)1,14199914214.2%(4,495)2,156(6,651)(308.5%)Comprehensive income (loss)1,0641,085(21)(1.9%)(4,837)5,109(9,946)(194.7%)(0.01)n/an/a0.37n/an/a(0.01)n/an/a(0.06)n/an/a18.35n/an/a18.35n/an/aBook value per share $Earnings per common share, basic and diluted, in dollars (for Q4 and the period June 22 to December 31, 2017)Earnings per common share, basic and diluted, in dollars (for Q4 and the period January 1 to December 31, 2017) 
 
 
 
  
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Net Claims  

Net  claims in  Q4 2017 and Q4 2016  were  comparable. In  Q4 2016 a  large claim  in Risk  Solutions (see Prospectus for full 
description) was partially offset by favourable prior years’ reserve development in our Reinsurance, Surety and Corporate 
Insurance business.  The comparable Q4 2017 claims experience was achieved despite lower favourable prior year’s reserve 
developments. 

On  a  full  year  basis  Net  claims  in  2017  were  lower  than  in  2016  driven  by  heightened  Risk  Solutions  claims  and  reserve 
increases on Reinsurance annuity reserves resulting from falling European interest rates in 2016.   

Operating Expenses 

Operating expenses for the full year 2017 increased due to corporate expenses related to the formation and development of 
the Company and our new US subsidiary  

Net Underwriting Income and Net Income 

Net underwriting income in Q4 2017 and full year 2017 was largely driven by net claims experience over these time periods 
resulting in comparable net underwriting income being comparable in Q4 2017 and significantly greater than 2016 on a full 
year basis.  

Minority Interests 

Minority interests reflect the 40% of Trisura Guarantee which was owned by Trisura Guarantee management prior to the 
Buyout and were revalued as at January 1 of each year.  The valuation of the minority interests increased by $5.2 million in 
January 2017 compared to an increase of $0.2 million in 2016.  Following the Buyout, we do not expect future impact from 
minority interest. 

Net Investment Income and Other Comprehensive Loss 

See Section 5 – Investment Performance Review. 

6  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS 

The  Company’s  total  assets  increased  by  $69.0  million  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  driven  primarily  by  an 
increase in our cash and cash equivalents from the capital injection from Brookfield in connection with and prior to the spin-
off.  In addition, recoverables from reinsurers increased by $18.1 million due to the increase in ceded premiums and related 
reserves mainly on the Risk Solutions business. 

Total liabilities increased by $18.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily due to increases in unearned 
premiums and unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses.  Offsetting these increases were the elimination of the minority 
interests following the Buyout and reductions in accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities and the loan payable.  See 
Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for details on the Company’s bank loan. 

Shareholders’ equity increased by $50.6 million primarily as a result of the capital injected by Brookfield in connection with 
and prior to the spin-off and the elimination of the minority interests in connection with the Buyout. 

7  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

As at20172016$ varianceCash and cash equivalents165,675122,09643,579Investments 190,641194,393(3,752)Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets23,17222,0691,103Deferred acquisition costs40,26630,9859,281Recoverable from reinsurers65,25447,12018,134Capital assets and intangible assets2,6122,116496Deferred tax assets740622118Total assets488,360419,40168,959Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities19,79525,434(5,639)Reinsurance premiums payable17,55513,4614,094Unearned premiums 115,35790,61224,745Unearned reinsurance commissions5,5664,928638Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses178,885163,97014,915Loan payable29,70034,100(4,400)Minority interests - 16,008(16,008)Total liabilities366,858348,51318,345Shareholders' equity121,50270,88850,614Total liabilities and shareholders' equity488,360419,40168,959 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SHARE CAPITAL 

Our authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number of non-voting 
shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series).   

As  at  December  31,  2017,  6,621,680  common  shares  and  64,000  preferred  shares  of  the  Company  were  issued  and 
outstanding. 

LIQUIDITY 

Liquidity sources immediately available to the Company include: (i) existing cash and cash equivalents; (ii) our portfolio of 
highly rated, highly liquid investments (iii) cash flow from operating activities which include receipt of net premiums, fee 
income and investment income and; (iv) bank loan facilities.  These funds are used primarily to pay claims and operating 
expenses, service the Company’s bank loan and purchase investments to support claims reserves.  

We expect to have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations and to meet our current business plans.  However, should the 
need arise, additional liquidity sources include further bank loans and new issuances of debt or shares in the private or public 
markets.  

CAPITAL 

The MCT ratio of Trisura Guarantee was  255% as at December 31, 2017 (265% as at September 30, 2017 and 272% as at 
December 31, 2016), which comfortably exceeds the 150% regulatory requirements prescribed by OSFI.   

Trisura  International’s  capital  of  $26.6  million  as  at  December  31,  2017  was  well  in  excess  of  FSC’s  regulatory  capital 
requirement of $0.2 million. 

Trisura Specialty’s capital and surplus of $56.5 million as at December 31, 2017 was in excess of the $18.8 million minimum 
capital requirements of the Oklahoma Insurance Department.  

We had a debt-to-capital ratio of 19.6% as at December 31, 2017 compared to 22.2% in September 2017 and 32.5% as at 
December  31,  2016  with  the  reduction  reflecting  the  continuing  repayment  of  our  bank  loan  and  the  Brookfield  capital 
injection in connection with the spin-off, as well as the issuance of equity alongside the Buyout. 

The Company is well-capitalized and we expect to have sufficient capital to meet our regulatory capital requirements, fund 
our operations and support our current business plans.  

8  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 4 – UNDERWRITING PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

We  operate  through  the  following  four  business  lines:  Surety,  Risk  Solutions,  Corporate  Insurance  and  Reinsurance.  
Substantially  all  of  our  premiums  in  2017  and  2016  have  been  written  by  Trisura  Guarantee,  in  the  Canadian  specialty 
insurance market.  Our new U.S. non-admitted insurer, Trisura Specialty, received an A- (Excellent) A.M. Best rating in Q3 
2017.    We  are  actively  pursuing  new  business  opportunities  that  are  expected  to  generate  U.S.  premiums  in  the  coming 
quarters.  

SPECIALTY P&C  

The table below presents financial highlights for our Specialty P&C business (which consists of our Surety, Risk Solutions and 
Corporate Insurance business lines). 

Our Specialty P&C business produced strong growth in GPW in Q4 2017, increasing by 15.8% over Q4 2016, driven mainly by 
our Risk Solutions and Surety businesses which contributed to a 6.3% increase in Q4 2017 net underwriting revenue.  Net 
underwriting income in Q4 2017 was ahead of Q4 2016 by $2.2 million as Q4 2016 was impacted by a significant Risk Solutions 
claim which led to a 55.8% loss ratio.  A significant reduction in the staff bonus provision because of this claim contributed to 
the low expense ratio of 49.3% in the Q4 2016 period leading to an overall combined ratio of 105.1%.  Q4 2017 had a much 
improved combined ratio of 93.7% due primarily to the reduction in loss ratio to 28.1% 

Full year 2017 GPW grew by 17.5%, driven by Risk Solutions and Surety leading to a 9.6% increase in net underwriting revenue.  
2017 net underwriting income was ahead of 2016 results by $3.2 million.  The 2017 loss ratio improved to 24.0% from 31.1% 
for  2016  due  in  part  to  the  large  Risk  Solutions  claims  in  2016  albeit  2017  had  lower  favourable  prior  years’  reserve 
development.  The combined ratio in 2017 improved to 88.9% from 92.2% in 2016 driven by continued strong underwriting. 

ROE improved in 2017 on a quarterly (annualized) and full year basis to 9.0% and 13.7% respectively.  

9  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance% variance20172016$ variance% varianceGross premiums written38,64233,3705,27215.8%146,598124,80121,79717.5%Net premiums earned19,82118,5561,2656.8%79,27072,0927,17810.0%Fee income127201(74)(36.8%)3,4003,352481.4%Net underwriting revenue19,94818,7571,1916.3%82,67075,4447,2269.6%Net underwriting income1,246(941)2,187nm8,8395,6303,20957.0%Net investment income8331,783(950)(53.3%)3,9311,1372,794245.7%Net income1,619686933135.9%9,6575,2034,45485.6%Comprehensive income2,5887711,817235.5%10,57910,2403393.3%Loss ratio: current accident year35.1%77.0%29.0%41.6%Loss ratio: Prior years' development(7.0%)(21.2%)* (5.0%)(10.5%)Loss ratio28.1%55.8%(27.7%)24.0%31.1%(7.1%)Expense ratio65.6%49.3%16.3%64.9%61.1%3.8%Combined ratio93.7%105.1%(11.4%)88.9%92.2%(3.3%)Rolling ROE (annualized for quarters)9.0%4.1%13.7%8.4%5.3%* Covers period July 1 to December 31, 2016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

The table and charts below provide a segmentation of our GPW for the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 
2017 and 2016, respectively. 

Gross Premiums Written
Q4 2017

Gross Premiums Written
2017

25.9%

51.9%

22.2%

43.8%

34.0%

22.2%

Surety

Corporate Insurance

Risk Solutions

Surety

Corporate Insurance

Risk Solutions

10  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Surety10,01425.9%8,51425.5%49,69033.9%43,75135.1%Corporate Insurance8,57322.2%8,00524.0%32,71822.3%31,76025.4%Risk Solutions20,05551.9%16,85150.5%64,19043.8%49,29039.5%Total GPW38,642100.0%33,370100.0%146,598100.0%124,801100.0%GPW growth %(1)15.8%23.7%17.5%19.8%(1) % growth relative to prior year periodQ4 2017Q4 201620172016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Surety 

The main products offered by our Surety business line are: 

✓  Contract surety bonds, such as performance and labour and material payment bonds, primarily for the construction 

industry; 

✓  Commercial surety bonds, such as license and permit, tax and excise, and fiduciary bonds, which are issued on behalf 
of commercial enterprises and professionals to governments, regulatory bodies or courts to guarantee compliance 
with legal or fiduciary obligations; and 

✓  Developer surety bonds, comprising mainly bonds to secure real estate developers’ legislated deposit and warranty 

obligations on residential projects. 

Surety accounted for 25.9% of our overall GPW in Q4 2017 and 34.0% for full year Q4 2017. 

Q4 2017 GPW grew by 17.6% relative to Q4 2016 and NPE increased by 18.0% over the same period.  Q4 2016 combined ratio 
of 32.4% benefited from significant favourable prior years’ reserve development coupled with a low  expense ratio due to 
lower staff bonus.  The Q4 2017 combined ratio was 83.1% resulting in net underwriting income of $1.4 million compared to 
$4.8 million in Q4 2016.  

2017 GPW grew by 13.6% relative to 2016 and NPE increased by 10.4% over the same period.  Fee income which is a significant 
driver of profitability of the Surety business remained steady in 2017 at $3.4 million.  Net underwriting income of $6.3 million 
and a combined ratio of 80.8% for 2017 were strong but below the $8.4 million net underwriting income and 71.8% combined 
ratio in 2016 which benefited from more favourable prior years’ reserve development and lower expenses particularly in Q4.  

11  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance% variance20172016$ variance% varianceGross premiums written10,0148,5141,50017.6%49,69043,7515,93913.6%Net premiums earned8,4037,1201,28318.0%32,78429,6853,09910.4%Fee income127201(74)(36.8%)3,3853,337481.4%Net underwriting revenue8,5307,3211,20916.5%36,16933,0223,1479.5%Net underwriting income1,4174,810(3,393)(70.5%)6,3018,375(2,074)(24.8%)Loss ratio: current accident year30.0%15.9%21.4%23.1%Loss ratio: Prior years' development(9.5%)(25.3%)* (6.3%)(10.7%)Loss ratio20.5%(9.4%)29.9%15.1%12.4%2.7%Expense ratio62.6%41.8%20.8%65.7%59.4%6.3%Combined ratio83.1%32.4%50.7%80.8%71.8%9.0%* Covers period July 1 to December 31, 2016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Risk Solutions 

Risk  Solutions  includes  specialty  insurance  contracts  which  are  structured  to  meet  the  specific  requirements  of  program 
administrators, managing general agencies, captive insurance companies, affinity groups and reinsurers.  Our Risk Solutions 
business line consists primarily of warranty programs. 

Risk Solutions accounted for 51.9% of our overall GPW in Q4 2017 and 43.8% for full year 2017.  On a full year basis this is up 
significantly from 39.5% for 2016 and reflects the strong growth of a number of newer programs. 

In Q4 2017 GPW grew by 19.0% while NPE fell by 7.1% compared to the previous year.  The lower growth rate of net premiums 
earned reflects the slower earning pattern of the multi-year warranties of many of the newer programs in Risk Solutions.  Q4 
2016 and the full year 2016 were heavily  influenced by one large claim which  resulted in a net  underwriting loss of $9.1 
million and a combined ratio of 270.1% in Q4 2016.  Q4 2017 had a net underwriting loss of $0.4 million and an operating 
ratio of 109.0%. 

2017 GPW grew by 30.2% relative to 2016, while 2017 NPE were 12.4% higher.  Again, the lower growth rate of net premiums 
earned reflects the slower earning pattern of the multi-year warranties of many newer of the programs in Risk Solutions. The 
full year 2017 produced positive net underwriting income of $1.5 million and a combined ratio of 92.8% compared to the 
large 2016 underwriting loss of $7.5 million and combined ratio of 139.3%.  

12  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance% variance20172016$ variance% varianceGross premiums written20,05516,8513,20419.0%64,19049,29014,90030.2%Net premiums earned4,9535,334(381)(7.1%)21,49819,1212,37712.4%Fee income- - -     nm1515-     0.0%Net underwriting revenue4,9535,334(381)(7.1%)21,51319,1362,37712.4%Net underwriting (loss) income(441)(9,078)8,637nm1,547(7,518)9,065nmLoss ratio: current accident year39.6%215.9%29.6%77.3%Loss ratio: Prior years' development(3.5%)(5.8%)* (1.7%)(2.6%)Loss ratio36.1%210.1%(174.0%)27.9%74.7%(46.8%)Expense ratio72.9%60.0%12.9%64.9%64.6%0.3%Combined ratio109.0%270.1%(161.1%)92.8%139.3%(46.5%)* Covers period July 1 to December 31, 2016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Corporate Insurance 

The main products offered by our Corporate Insurance business line are D&O insurance for public, private and non-profit 
enterprises,  E&O  liability  insurance  for  both  enterprises  and  professionals,  business  office  package  insurance  for  both 
enterprises and professionals and fidelity insurance for both commercial and financial institutions. 

Corporate Insurance accounted for 22.2% of our overall GPW in Q4 2017 and for the full 2017 year.  This compares to 24.0% 
and 25.4% in Q4 2016 and full year 2016, respectively. The decrease reflects the stronger growth of the Risk Solutions and 
Surety business lines.  

Corporate Insurance includes a number of three-year policies.  We recognize the premiums for the full three-year term at the 
time these policies are written but earn them over the three-year term.  This can cause differences in written and earned 
growth rates as was the case in 2017 when GPW grew by 3.0% compared to 2016, but by 7.3% on a NPE basis 

Corporate Insurance produced growth in net underwriting revenue of 5.9% in Q4 2017 and 7.3% for the full year 2017 and 
produced positive net income with combined ratios of 95.6% for Q4 2017 and 96.0 for the full year 2017.  By contrast, Q4 
2016, in particular, and full year 2016 produced stronger net underwriting income and combined ratios helped by favourable 
prior years’ reserve development and lower expense ratios. 

13  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance% variance20172016$ variance% varianceGross premiums written8,5738,0055687.1%32,71831,7609583.0%Net premiums earned6,4656,1023635.9%24,98823,2861,7027.3%Net underwriting revenue6,4656,1023635.9%24,98823,2861,7027.3%Net underwriting income2783,345(3,067)(91.7%)1,0225,103(4,081)(80.0%)Loss ratio: current accident year38.0%27.0%38.5%35.7%Loss ratio: Prior years' development(6.3%)(30.0%)* (6.1%)(16.7%)Loss ratio31.7%(3.0%)34.7%32.4%19.0%13.4%Expense ratio63.9%48.2%15.7%63.6%59.1%4.5%Combined ratio95.6%45.2%50.4%96.0%78.1%17.9%* Covers period July 1 to December 31, 2016 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

REINSURANCE 

Our international reinsurance business ceased writing new business in 2008 but previously wrote quota share reinsurance 
(prospective), loss portfolio transfers (retrospective) and niche, specialty contracts covering international risks across multiple 
commercial lines.  Currently our international reinsurance business is managing its remaining portfolio of in-force reinsurance 
contracts and will shortly recommence writing new business, initially in support of our Canadian and US specialty insurance 
businesses and thereafter in the international reinsurance markets as attractive opportunities arise.   

The  remaining  in-force  portfolio  of  reinsurance  contracts  is  dominated  by  one  large  life  annuity  reinsurance  contract 
denominated in euros, on which annuity reserves and supporting assets change in response to interest rate changes.  As a 
result, we measure the performance of our reinsurance business by reference to net income in order to capture (i) the change 
in annuity reserves, which is included in net underwriting income; and (ii) the offsetting change in the value of the supporting 
assets, which is included in net investment income as these supporting assets are designated FVTPL. 

In Q4 2017 net income was $0.5 million compared to a net loss of $0.5 million in Q4 2016, driven mainly by some favourable 
annuity reserve development and reduced operating expenses.  These factors were also the main contributors to the net 
income improvement in the full year 2017 compared to 2016. 

The offsetting effect of movements in annuity reserves and supporting assets was evident in 2016 when the fall in European 
interest rates led to increases in annuity reserves and a large net underwriting loss but also drove a significant increase in the 
value of the assets supporting the annuity reserves which contributed to the strong net investment income. 

Q4  2017  saw  a  continuation in  the  reduction  in  operating  expenses  as  the  scale  and  complexity  of  the  in-force  portfolio 
continues to diminish.  Operating expenses have reduced by 53% in Q4 2017 and by 39% on a full year basis compared to the 
same periods in 2016.   

(1)  Note that the Q4 YTD 2016 operating expenses in the above table have been adjusted to reflect a $2.9 million legal expense reimbursement which arose 
from the successful conclusion of a legal dispute in Q2 2016 and a payment of $3.7 million on a long-term incentive plan for senior executives of the 
reinsurance business.  See the Prospectus and Management Discussion and Analysis for Q2 2017 for further detail. 

14  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceNet underwriting (loss) income361(820)1,181(659)(12,075)11,416Net investment income29792(763)1,20511,287(10,082)Net income (loss)451(450)901545(1,614)2,159Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceOperating expenses (1)5501,164(614)2,6364,302(1,666) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

CORPORATE  

Our corporate results represent operating expenses that do not relate specifically to any one business line of the Company 
as well as any changes in the valuation of the minority interests.  

During Q4 2017 and full year 2017, we incurred corporate costs of $2.1 million and $4.6 million respectively.  These expenses 
comprised costs related to the formation and development of the Company and our new US subsidiary, Trisura Specialty 
including compensation costs of group management and start-up team at Trisura Specialty and various consulting fees.  No 
such costs were incurred in the corresponding periods of 2016. 

The minority interests reflect the 40% of Trisura Guarantee which was owned by Trisura Guarantee management prior to the 
Buyout and were revalued as at January 1 of each year.  The valuation of the minority interests increased by $5.2 million in 
January 2017 compared to an increase of $0.2 million in 2016, impacting the full year 2017 and the full year 2016 accordingly.  
Following the Buyout, we do not expect future impact from minority interest. 

15  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceCorporate expenses2,137- 2,1374,625- 4,625Increase in minority interests- (2)25,1561555,001Corporate2,137(2)2,1399,7811559,626 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 5 – INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

OVERVIEW 

The Company’s investment policy seeks to achieve attractive total returns without incurring an undue level of investment risk 
while supporting our liabilities and maintaining strong regulatory capital levels.  Currently, we have outsourced a portion of 
our investment management to third-party managers.  As we grow, we intend to develop internal investment management 
capabilities. 

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 

Our $356 million investment  portfolio consists of cash and cash equivalents, government and corporate bonds, preferred 
shares, common shares and a small amount of other asset types.  Ninety-nine percent of our fixed income holdings are highly 
liquid, investment grade bonds.  A significant portion of the consolidated investment portfolio remains invested in cash and 
cash equivalents, reflective of the capital in our US entity, expected to be deployed alongside the onboarding of new business 
in the US. 

Fixed Income Securities by Rating 

Investment Portfolio by Asset Class 

INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE  

Net Investment Income 

16  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceSpecialty P&C8331,783(950)3,9311,1372,794Reinsurance29792(763)1,20511,287(10,082)Corporate145- 145275- 275Net investment income1,0072,575(1,568)5,41112,424(7,013) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

The Company’s operations currently include specialty property and casualty insurance (Surety, Risk Solutions, and Corporate 
Insurance  business  lines),  underwritten  predominantly  in  Canada  by  Trisura  Guarantee,  and  international  reinsurance 
business at Trisura International.  These businesses focus on different market segments, geographic regions and risks, and 
accordingly,  hold  different  assets  and  currencies  to  support  their  liabilities.  Consequently,  investment  returns  are  most 
appropriately viewed at a business unit level. 

Trisura  Guarantee’s  net  investment  income  was  driven  by  interest  and  dividend  income  on  portfolio  assets.  2016  net 
investment income included a significant impairment on preferred shares, which resulted in negative investment income in 
the full year period.  The market based yield of the Specialty P&C portfolio as at December 31, 2017 was 2.8%. 

In the Reinsurance business unit, net investment income in the 2016 period was attributable to realized gains on the disposal 
of certain mortgage backed securities and net of unrealized losses on investments held at FVTPL driven by increasing interest 
rates.  The strong performance in 2016 was attributable to an increase in the valuation of certain Euro-denominated assets 
designated FVTPL which support the reserves on a Euro-denominated annuity reinsurance contract.  Importantly, there was 
a largely offsetting increase in the reserves held on the same annuity reinsurance contract. The market based yield of the 
Reinsurance portfolio as at December 31, 2017 was 2.3%. 

Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) 

The Company records changes in the value of its AFS assets through OCI.  The mark to market effect of these assets on OCI 
was a gain of $0.7 million in Q4 2017 driven by mark to market movements in the fixed income portfolio, compared to  a 
$(0.2) million loss in Q4 2016, from market value decreases on Canadian and US securities.  Unrealized market movements 
on AFS assets were $0.9 million for the full year 2017 compared to a $3.8 million in the same period of 2016, mainly due to 
market value increases on certain US bonds in 2016.  

Foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  financial  statements  of  Trisura  International  and  Trisura 
Specialty to Canadian dollars are recognized as cumulative translation gains or losses, which are a constituent part of overall 
OCI.    There  were  cumulative  translation  gains  in  Q4  2017  and  Q4  2016  of  $0.4  million  and  $1.2  million  respectively.  
Cumulative translation losses for the full year 2017 and the full year 2016 were $5.4 million and $1.6 million respectively.  
The cumulative translation losses were due to the strengthening of the Canadian dollar against the US dollar, driving lower 
C$ valuations of capital and securities held outside of Canada. 

Refer to Note 20 Investment income and the Other Comprehensive Income section in the Consolidated financial statements 
for more detail on the components of investment returns. 

17  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceUnrealized gains in OCI719(216)9359493,795(2,846)Cumulative translation4221,215(793)(5,444)(1,639)(3,805)OCI1,141999142(4,495)2,156(6,651) 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 6 – OUTLOOK & STRATEGY 

INDUSTRY 

The specialty insurance market offers products and services that are not written by most insurance companies.   The risks 
covered by specialty insurance policies generally require focused, specialist underwriting knowledge and technical financial 
and actuarial expertise.  Consequently, these risks are difficult to place in the standard insurance market where many carriers 
are unable or unwilling to underwrite them.  As a result, specialty insurers usually have more pricing and policy form flexibility 
than  traditional  market  insurers.    For  this  reason,  specialty  insurers  have  historically  and  are  expected  to  continue  to 
outperform the standard market by having lower claims and operating ratios than traditional insurance companies. 

In contrast to the standard P&C insurance market, which is divided almost evenly between personal and commercial lines, 
specialty insurers are focused almost exclusively on commercial lines.  Even within the commercial sector, the business mix 
of the specialty insurers can vary significantly from that of the overall P&C industry.  Although no standard definition for the 
specialty insurance market exists, some common examples of business written in specialty include: non-standard insurance, 
niche market segments (such as Surety, D&O and E&O) and products that require tailored underwriting.  Many insurance 
groups  with  a  specialty  focus  have  several  different  carriers  and  licenses  and  allocate  business  between  these  carriers 
depending on market conditions and regulatory requirements. 

OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY 

Our  Company  has  a  highly  experienced  and  capable  management  team  with  strong  industry  relationships,  and  long 
experience and excellent reputations with rating agencies, insurance regulators and business partners.  We have operated in 
the  Canadian  specialty  P&C  insurance  market  for  more  than  eleven  years  and  in  the  international  specialty  reinsurance 
market for over fifteen years establishing a conservative underwriting and investing track record.   

In Canada, we have built our brand through Trisura Guarantee to serve our clients, brokers and institutional partners  as a 
leading provider of niche specialty insurance products. Trisura Guarantee will continue to build out its product offerings in 
existing and new niche segments of the market with suitably qualified underwriters.  Trisura Guarantee remains committed 
to its broker distribution channel to promote and sell its insurance products.  Trisura Guarantee is selective in partnering with 
a limited brokerage force, focusing its efforts on leading brokerage firms in the industry with expertise in specialty lines.  This 
distribution  network  currently  comprises  over  150  major  international,  national  and  regional  brokerage  firms  operating 
across Canada in all provinces and territories as well as boutique niche brokers with a focus on specialty lines. 

Our US specialty insurance business, Trisura Specialty, is fully operational and bound its first transaction in February 2018.  It 
is licensed as a domestic surplus line insurer in Oklahoma and can operate as a non-admitted surplus line insurer in all states 
within the US and is rated A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best.   It is our belief that the conditions are favourable for the continued 
growth of Trisura Specialty, which operates primarily as a fronting carrier using a fee based business model.  Its focus will be 
to  source  high  quality  business  opportunities  by  partnering  with  a  core  base  of  established  and  well-managed  program 
administrators that are already known to our management.  From our business activity to date these program administrators 
welcome  our  new  capacity  as  there  is  currently  a  lack  of  fronting  carriers  and  the  products  and  arrangements  currently 
offered to them by the existing market do not always meet the needs of their business and clients. 

18  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Furthermore, we believe there is a strong supply of highly rated international reinsurance capacity keen to gain exposure to 
this business, allowing Trisura Specialty to cede most of the risk on its policies to these reinsurers on commercially favourable 
terms.  Again, our management team has strong, established relationships with these reinsurers.  We are confident that this 
fee-based  business  model  will  generate  attractive,  stable  fee  income  while  maintaining  a  small  risk  position,  limiting 
underwriting risk and aligning our interests with our program distribution partners and reinsurers.  As Trisura Specialty grows, 
we expect that our US operations will become a more significant component of our Company. 

We will continue to develop our distribution network, building on our existing partner network in Canada and our core base 
of program administrators in the  US.  Our Company will strive to increase the penetration of our products in our partner 
network by providing the support they require to enhance the effectiveness of their sales and marketing efforts. 

We also intend to consider acquisitions on an opportunistic basis and pursue those that fit with our strategic plan.  We expect 
the consolidation in the  Canadian,  US and international specialty insurance and reinsurance markets will continue and  in 
which we may participate.  Building on the knowledge and expertise of our existing operations, we intend to initially target 
businesses in the US that operate in similar niches of the specialty insurance market. Additionally, we expect our reinsurance 
business to commence writing new reinsurance business as an international multi-line reinsurer, initially in support of our 
Canadian and US specialty insurance businesses and thereafter where other attractive opportunities arise. 

19  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 7 – OTHER INFORMATION 

RATINGS 

Trisura Guarantee has been rated A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best since 2012.  Trisura Specialty obtained an A- (Excellent) rating 
from A.M. Best in September 2017.  

CASH FLOW SUMMARY 

20  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2017Q4 2016$ variance20172016$ varianceNet (loss) income from operating activities(77)            86              (163)              (342)           2,953                (3,295)          Non-cash items to be deducted1,145        (3,817)       4,962            2,354         (387)                  2,741           Stock options granted143           -                 143               143             -                         143               Change in working capital operating items3,000        (1,381)       4,381            23,722       9,673                14,049         Realized losses on AFS investments(228)          (93)            (135)              (932)           (1,936)               1,004           Income taxes paid(967)          -                 (967)              (7,090)        (1,797)               (5,293)          Interest paid(232)          (292)          60                 (1,042)        (625)                  (417)             Net cash from (used in) operating activities2,784        (5,497)       8,281            16,813       7,881                8,932           Proceeds on disposal of investments18,664      26,470      (7,806)          39,050       61,140              (22,090)        Purchases of investments(7,539)       (2,019)       (5,520)          (139,403)   (33,934)            (105,469)     Net purchases of capital and intangible assets(925)          40              (965)              (1,070)        (803)                  (267)             Net cash from (used in) investing activities10,200      24,491      (14,291)        (101,423)   26,403              (127,826)     Change in minority interests-                 (2)               2                    5,156         155                   5,001           Dividends paid(8)               4                (12)                (8)                (17,699)            17,691         Common shares issued-                 -                 -                     140,270     -                         140,270       Shares redeemed(4,031)       -                 (4,031)          (4,031)        (21,000)            16,969         Repayment of notes payable-                 (38)            38                 (355)           (346)                  (9)                  Loans received-                 -                 -                     -                  35,000              (35,000)        Repayment of loans payable(200)          (918)          718               (4,400)        (7,518)               3,118           Net cash (used in) from financing activities(4,239)       (954)          (3,285)          136,632     (11,408)            148,040       Net increase in cash8,745        18,040      (9,295)          52,022       22,876              29,146         Cash at beginning of the period156,321   101,988   54,333         122,096     101,387           20,709         Currency translation609           2,068        (1,459)          (8,443)        (2,167)               (6,276)          Cash at the end of the period165,675   122,096   43,579         165,675     122,096           43,579          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

The main cash flow activity in Q4 2017 centered on purchases and disposals of investments primarily related to activity in our 
bond portfolios as bonds were sold or matured and new investments were purchased.  $4.0 million of these proceeds were 
used to redeem shares held by small shareholders as part of the 10 for 1 share consolidation and 1 for 10 share split. 

On June 15, 2017, the Company issued approximately 5.8 million common shares to Brookfield for $140 million, as indicated 
in the full year 2017 financing activities section above.  These funds were used to acquire the Company’s interest in Trisura 
Guarantee  and  Trisura  International  from  Brookfield  for  approximately  $100  million,  as  indicated  in  the  full  year  2017 
investment activities section above.  Additional purchases and disposals of investments, as indicated in the full year 2017 and 
Q4 2017 investment activities section, were primarily related to activity in the bond portfolio of Trisura Guarantee as bonds 
matured and new investments were purchased.  

The increase in working capital in the full year 2017 and Q4 2017 is primarily attributable to increases in unearned premiums 
and unpaid claims at Trisura Guarantee. 

In 2016, Trisura Guarantee obtained a loan from a Canadian Schedule I bank, and used the proceeds of that loan to redeem 
$19 million of Class A common shares, and paid the outstanding value gain associated with those shares of $16.1 million, as 
indicated in the 2017 financing activities section above (see also Note 17 in the Consolidated financial statements). 

SEGMENTED REPORTING 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

21  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

As atTrisura GuaranteeTrisura InternationalTrisura SpecialtyCorporateTotal(2)Assets(1)317,124119,20856,888(4,860)488,360Liabilities(1)243,97992,65842629,795366,858Shareholder's Equity73,14526,55056,462(34,655)121,502Book Value Per Share, $(3)11.054.018.53(5.24)18.35(2) Total reflects the Group's Assets, Liabilities, and Book Value Per Share after consolidation adjustments.2017(1) Operating companies include the assets and liabilities of their holding companies, except for the loans payable of $29,700 currently       held in 6436978 Canada Limited which is included in Corporate.(3) Number of common shares used in the calculation of book value per share equals to the Group's total number of common shares       outstanding as at December 31, 2017.TotalLess than 1 year1 - 3 years3 - 5 yearsThereafterLoans payable29,700            -                                   -                          29,700           -                        Interest payments on debt(1)3,679              1,025                          2,050                 604                 -                        Lease commitments4,877              1,258                          2,161                 841                 617                   Total contractual obligations38,256            2,283                          4,211                 31,145           617                   (1) Based on estimated interest rate on outstanding loan payable.Payments due by period 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

See Note 4 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS  

See Note 24 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

OPERATING METRICS 

We use operating metrics to assess our operating performance.  The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the 
expense ratio.  The difference between 100% and the combined ratio represents underwriting income as a percentage of net 
premiums  earned,  or  underwriting  margin.  A  combined  ratio  under  100%  indicates  a  profitable  underwriting  result.  A 
combined ratio over 100% indicates an unprofitable underwriting result.  The loss ratio is claims and loss adjustment expenses 
incurred  as  a  percentage  of  net  premiums  earned.    The  expense  ratio  is  all  expenses  incurred  net  of  fee  income  as  a 
percentage of net premiums earned.  In our MD&A for Q1 through Q3 2017, the expense ratio was all expenses incurred net 
of commissions on fee income as a percentage of net premiums earned.  

We  use  return  on  shareholders’  equity  (“ROE”)  as  a  measure  of  operating  performance.    ROE  is  calculated  based on  net 
income, divided by the average amount of shareholders’ equity of the Company for a given time period.  

We  report  the  results  of  our  MCT  as  prescribed  by  OSFI’s  Guideline A —  Minimum  Capital  Test  for  Federally  Regulated 
Property and Casualty Insurance Companies, as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time.  MCT determines the 
supervisory regulatory capital levels required by Trisura Guarantee. 

These operating metrics are operating performance measures that highlight trends in our core business or are required ratios 
used to measure compliance with OSFI standards.  Our Company also believes that securities analysts, investors and other 
interested parties will use these operating metrics to compare our Company’s performance against others in the specialty 
insurance  industry.    Our  Company’s  management  also  uses  these  operating  metrics  in  order  to  facilitate  operating 
performance  comparisons  from  period  to  period,  to  prepare  annual  operating  budgets  and  to  determine  components  of 
management compensation.  Such operating metrics should not be considered as the sole indicators of our performance and 
should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, analysis of our financial statements prepared in accordance 
with IFRS. 

22  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 8 – RISK MANAGEMENT 

Our  Company  has  developed  and  embraces  a  comprehensive  and  effective  enterprise  risk  management  framework  and 
internal controls processes to identify, measure, monitor and mitigate risk.  This is central to our decision making in regard 
to the business we choose to write and the business we choose to decline.  Furthermore, for the business we write the risk 
management framework informs our determination of whether to retain the risk fully or to apply risk mitigation features 
including reinsurance.   

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of risk management and internal control systems and policies.  The Board 
has  delegated  authority  to  the  Audit  Committee  to  act  on  its  behalf  in  respect  of  risk  management  matters.      Our  Risk 
Committee, chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, assists the Audit Committee in this work through regular reporting and dialogue. 

KEY RISKS 

The following represent key risks, which the Company has identified, which broadly fall into the categories of Insurance risk 
and Financial risk (See also Note 11 to our Consolidated financial statements): 

Insurance Risks: 

Insurance  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  ultimate  cost  of  claims  and  LAE,  as  well  as  acquisition  expenses,  related  to  insurance 
contracts  will  exceed  premiums  received  in  respect  of  those  contracts.  This  could  occur  because  either  the  frequency  or 
severity of claims is greater than expected. The following list sets out some of the key insurance risks, which the Company 
has identified: 

1 - Product and Pricing 

We price our products considering numerous factors, including claims frequency and severity trends, product line expense 
ratios, special risk factors, the capital required to support the product line, reinsurance costs, and the investment income 
earned on that capital. Our Company’s pricing process is designed to ensure an appropriate return on capital and long-term 
rate stability, avoiding wide fluctuations in such rate unless necessary. These factors are reviewed and adjusted periodically 
to ensure they reflect the current environment. 

2 - Exposure to Losses Resulting from Underwriting and Claims 

Our Company is exposed to losses resulting from the underwriting of risks being insured and the exposure to financial loss 
resulting from greater than anticipated adjudication, settlement and claims costs. Our success depends upon our ability to 
accurately assess the risks associated with the insurance policies that we write.  Our underwriting objectives are to develop 
business within our target markets on a prudent and diversified basis and to achieve profitable underwriting results.  

3 - Estimates of Loss Reserves and Claims Management 

The amounts established and to be established by our Company for loss and loss adjustment expense reserves are estimates 
of future costs based on various assumptions, including actuarial projections of the cost of settlement and the administration 
of claims, estimates of future trends in claims severity and frequency, and the level of insurance fraud. Most or all of these 
factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis, and the effects of these and unforeseen factors could 
negatively  impact  our  Company’s  ability  to  accurately  assess  the  risks  of  the  policies  that  we  write.  In  addition,  future 
adjustments to loss reserves and loss adjustment expenses that are unanticipated by management could have an adverse 
impact upon the financial condition and results of operations of our Company.  

23  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Although our Company’s management believes our overall reserve levels as at the date of this prospectus are adequate to 
meet our obligations under existing policies, actual losses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from the reserves reflected in 
our Company’s financial statements. To the extent reserves prove to be inadequate, our Company would have to increase 
such reserves and incur a charge to earnings. 

Financial Risks: 

The significant financial risks are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (comprising currency risk, interest rate risk and other 
price risks such as equity risk). The following describes how the Company manages these risks.  

1 - Credit Risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the Company to incur 
a financial loss. Credit risk arises mainly from investments in bonds and short-term securities. Our investment policies mitigate 
credit  risk  through  requirements  relating  to,  inter  alia,  type,  credit  quality,  size  and  duration  of  permitted  investments.  
Management monitors credit quality on an ongoing basis and reviews the investment portfolio regularly with the Board. 

2 – Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities 
that  are  settled  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.    Liquidity  risk  may  arise  from  a  number  of  potential  areas 
including, for example, duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. 

To manage its liquidity requirements, the Company maintains a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents and a highly 
rated, highly liquid investment portfolio.  The Company’s investment policy sets out minimum criteria for the credit quality 
of  each  class  of  investment  held.    In  addition,  the  investment  policy  stipulates  average  duration  of  bonds  and  maximum 
maturity limits.  For common shares, preferred shares and income and investment trusts limitations are placed on exposure 
to any one issuer.   

The  Company  also  manages  the  liquidity  risk  associated  with  its  assumed  reinsurance  liabilities  through  its  asset  liability 
matching processes. The long-tailed nature of much of the Company’s reinsurance business also reduces the likelihood of 
sudden or unexpected spikes in claim payment requirements.   

3 - Market Risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices. Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity risk. 

i) 

Currency Risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign exchange rates.  

The  Company  has  operations  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  as  well  as  European  exposure  through  its  reinsurance 
operations and therefore has exposure to currency risk arising from fluctuations in exchange rates of the Canadian and Euro 
against the United States dollar.  The foreign currency positions of the Company are monitored quarterly and the Company 
uses derivatives to manage foreign exchange risks where a material unmatched foreign exchange position exists.   

24  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

ii) 

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates.  Bonds, structured insurance assets 
and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of bonds, to the extent they are held to maturity, 
the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the original yield to maturity.  The fair value of bonds, change 
inversely with changes in market rates of interest, with greater impact to bonds with longer durations.  The Company’s unpaid 
claims balance is also subject to interest rate risk, in particular the Company’s life reserves which have longer durations. 

The Company manages its interest rate risk through its investment policy which considers average  duration of bonds held 
and maximum maturity limit as well as asset liability matching.  

iii) 

Equity Price Risk 

Equity price risk is the uncertainty associated with the valuation of assets arising from changes in equity markets. 

The Company’s exposure to equity price risk is managed and mitigated through its investment policy which sets out maximum 
exposures to equities at aggregate and per issuer levels as well as requiring diversification across different industry sectors. 

The Prospectus contains descriptions of the following additional risk factors relating to our Company and our activities. 

Holding Company 

Fluctuations in Results of Operations 

Highly Competitive Specialty Insurance Business 

Cyclical Nature of Specialty Insurance Industry 

Negative Publicity in the Specialty Insurance Industry 

A.M. Best Ratings 

Reliance on Distribution Partners 

Product and Pricing 

Exposure to Losses Resulting from Underwriting and Claims 

Errors and Omissions Claims 

Adverse Effects of Regulatory Changes 

Change of Control Restrictions of U.S. Insurance Laws 

Availability of Reinsurance 

Ability to Recover Amounts Due from Capacity Providers 

Regulatory Challenges to Use of Fronting Arrangements 

25  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Dependence on Capacity Providers and MGAs 

Failure of Capacity Providers or MGAs to Properly Market, Underwrite or Administer Policies 

U.S. Expansion 

Reinsurance Arrangements with a Limited Number of Reinsurers 

Future Acquisitions 

Reliance on Key Personnel 

Inability to Generate Necessary Amount of Cash to Service Existing Debt 

Risks Associated with Investment Portfolio 

Future Capital Requirements 

Payment of Dividends 

Future Sales of Substantial Amount of Share Capital 

Small Company Liquidity Risk 

Impact of Securities Analysts’ Research or Reports 

Unpredictable Catastrophic Events 

Dependence on Technology 

Cyber Security 

26  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 9 – SUMMARY OF RESULTS 

SELECTED QUARTERLY RESULTS 

SECTION 10 – ACCOUNTING AND DISCLOSURE MATTERS 

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

We maintain appropriate information systems, procedures and controls to ensure that new information disclosed externally 
is  complete,  reliable  and  timely.  Management  of  the  Company,  at  the  direction  and  under  the  supervision  of  the  Chief 
Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure 
controls and procedures” (as defined in “National Instrument 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim 
Filings”  (“NI  52-109”))  as  at  December  31,  2017,  and  have  concluded  that  the  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are 
operating effectively. 

INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

We maintain appropriate “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in NI 52-109) and the Chief Executive Officer 
and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company have concluded that the internal controls have been designed to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes  in  accordance  with  IFRS.  Management  has  evaluated  whether  there  were  changes  in  our  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to 
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting and has determined that there have been no such changes. 

27  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4Q3Q2Q1Gross premiums written38,68936,12343,33628,615Net premiums written and other revenue26,56626,95827,09622,395Total underwriting revenue19,99322,20620,07620,558Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders(1)(77)2,010285n/aEPS, basic and diluted (in dollars)(1)(0.01)0.350.05n/a2017(1) Net (loss) income attributable to shareholders represents the amount allocated to the shareholders post-spin-off       for the period on and after June 22, 2017. EPS is calculated based on the post-spin-off Net (loss) income      attributable to the  Group's shareholders. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 

This MD&A contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian provincial securities laws and “forward-
looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities regulations. Forward-looking statements include 
statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding 
the operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, 
targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of Trisura Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for 
North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as 
“expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “forecasts” or negative 
versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and 
“could”. 

Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-
looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place 
undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties 
and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements 
of Trisura Group Ltd. to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied 
by such forward-looking statements and information.  

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements 
include, but are not limited to: the impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the 
countries in which we do business; the behaviour of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange 
rates; global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets; 
strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations 
and the ability to attain expected benefits; changes in accounting policies and methods used to report financial condition 
(including uncertainties associated with critical accounting assumptions and estimates); the ability to appropriately manage 
human capital; the effect of applying future accounting changes; business competition; operational and reputational risks; 
technological  change;  changes  in  government  regulation  and  legislation  within  the  countries  in  which  we  operate; 
governmental investigations; litigation; changes in tax laws; ability to collect amounts owed; catastrophic events, such as 
earthquakes and hurricanes; the possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts 
and cyberterrorism; and other risks and factors detailed from time to time in our documents filed with securities regulators 
in Canada. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our 
forward-looking statements, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and 
potential events. Except  as required by law,  Trisura Group Ltd.  undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any 
forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events 
or otherwise. 

28  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2017 
(in thousands of dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 

Abbreviation 

Description 

AFS 

CTA 

D&O 

E&O 

EPS 

FVTPL 

GPW 

Available for Sale Financial Asset 

Cumulative Translation Adjustment 

Directors’ and Officers’ insurance 

Errors and Omissions Insurance 

Earnings Per Share 

Fair Value Through Profit & Loss 

Gross Premium Written 

Minority interests 

The liability to participating shareholders 

n/a 

NII 

nm 

NPE 

NPW 

NUI 

OCI 

not available 

Net Investment Income 

not meaningful 

Net Premium Earned 

Net Premium Written 

Net Underwriting Income 

Other Comprehensive Income 

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 

The three months ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 respectively 

Q2 YTD 

Q3 YTD 

Q4 YTD 

ROE 

YTD 

The six months ended June 30 

The nine months ended September 30 

The twelve months ended December 31 

Return on Shareholders’ Equity 

Year To Date 

29  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
Bay Adelaide East 
8 Adelaide Street West 
Suite 200 
Toronto ON M5H 0A9 

Tel: 416-601-6150 
Fax: 416-601-6151 
www.deloitte.ca 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders of 
Trisura Group Ltd. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Trisura Group Ltd., which 
comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the 
consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, consolidated statements of changes in equity 
and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management's Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as 
management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor's Responsibility 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. 
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards.  Those 
standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain 
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material 
misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in 
the consolidated financial statements.  The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, 
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control 
relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order 
to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of 
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control.  An audit also includes 
evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated 
financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our audit opinion.  

Opinion 
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of Trisura Group Ltd. as at December 31, 2017 and 2016, and its financial 
performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards. 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
Licensed Public Accountants 
February 16, 2018 

Page 2 

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Table of Contents for the consolidated financial statements of Trisura Group Ltd. as at and for the years ended December 
31, 2017 and 2016 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position .......................................................................................................................2 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income ...................................................................................................3 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity .......................................................................................................................4 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows .................................................................................................................................5 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements ....................................................................................................................6 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

As at December 31, 

Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Recoverable from reinsurers 

Capital assets and intangible assets 
Deferred tax assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Unearned premiums 

Unearned reinsurance commissions 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

Loan payable 
Minority interests 

Shareholders’ equity 
Common shares 
Preferred shares 

Contributed surplus 

Note 

4 
9 

6 
12 

13,14 

28 

10 

7 

6 

8 

17 

26 

18 

18 

Accumulated (deficit) retained earnings 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

On behalf of the Board: 

2017 

165,675 

190,641 

23,172 

40,266 

65,254

2,612 
740 

488,360 

19,795 

17,555 

115,357 

5,566 

178,885 

29,700 
- 

366,858 

163,582 

1,600 

89 
(41,849) 
(1,920) 

121,502 

488,360 

David Nowak 

Director 

Gregory A. Morrison 

Director 

2016 

122,096 

194,393 

22,069 

30,985 
47,120 

2,116 
622 

419,401 

25,434 

13,461 

90,612 

4,928 

163,970 

34,100 
16,008 

348,513 

9,618 

- 
- 

58,695 
2,575 

70,888 

419,401 

2 

TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

Note 

2017 

2016 

Gross premiums written 

Reinsurance premiums ceded 
Retrospective premiums refund 

Net premiums written 

Change in unearned premiums 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 
Claims and expenses 

Claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Reinsurers’ share of claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Commissions 
Reinsurance commissions 
Premium taxes 
Operating expenses 
Total claims and expenses 
Net underwriting income (loss) 

Net investment income 
Foreign exchange loss 
Interest expense 
Change in minority interests 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense 

Net (loss) income 

Net income attributable to common shareholders – for the period from June 22, 2017 

to December 31, 2017 (see Note 1 and Note 2.2) 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year (in 

thousands) – basic 

Earnings per common share (in dollars) – basic and diluted (see Note 19) 

Net (loss) income  

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments 
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments 
Income tax expense 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net (loss) income 

Realized gains 
Realized losses 
Impairment adjustment 
Income tax (benefit) expense 

Items reclassified to net (loss) income 

Items other than cumulative translation loss 
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to net (loss) income – Cumulative 

translation loss 

Other comprehensive (loss) income 

Total comprehensive (loss) income 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

20 

17 

28 

146,763 
(46,980) 
(168) 
99,615 
(20,182) 
79,433 
3,400 
82,833 

(42,215) 
24,562 
(34,969) 
10,087 
(4,463) 
(32,279) 
(79,277) 
3,556 
5,411 
(35) 
(1,009) 
(5,156) 
2,767 
(3,109) 

124,965 
(37,617) 
(284) 
87,064 
(14,809) 
72,255 
3,365 
75,620 

(41,742) 
12,942 
(31,384) 
8,314 
(3,591) 
(26,604) 
(82,065) 
(6,445) 
12,424 
(528) 
(481) 
(155) 
4,815 
(1,862) 

(342) 

2,953 

2,218 

5,959 
0.37 

n/a 

n/a 
n/a 

(342) 

2,953 

3,769 
(2,634) 
(297) 
838 

(216) 
31 
321 
(25) 
111 

949 

(5,444) 
(4,495) 

7,796 
(5,220) 
(2,204) 
372 

(1,302) 
1,451 
2,888 
386 
3,423 

3,795 

(1,639) 
2,156 

(4,837) 

5,109 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Common 
shares 

Preferred 
shares 

Contributed 
surplus 

Note 

Balance at January 1, 2017 

9,618 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss (net of 
income taxes) 

Total 

2,575 

70,888 

- 

(4,495) 

(4,495) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(342) 

(4,495) 

(4,837) 

159,910 

(4,031) 

89 

(8) 

(100,509) 

(1,920) 

121,502 

Retained 
earnings 
(deficit) 

58,695 

(342) 

- 

(342) 

(9,303) 

- 

- 
(8) 

(90,891) 

 (41,849) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
89 

- 

- 
89 

- 

- 

- 

1, 18 

167,613 

18 

29 

(4,031) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
1,600 

- 

- 

- 

(9,618) 

163,582 

- 
1,600 

Note 

Common shares 

Retained 
earnings 

Accumulated other 
comprehensive income 
(net of income taxes) 

Total 

9,618 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
9,618 

94,441 

2,953 

- 
2,953 

(21,000) 

(17,699) 

58,695 

419 

- 
2,156 

2,156 

- 

- 
2,575 

104,478 

2,953 

2,156 

5,109 

(21,000) 

(17,699) 

70,888 

Net loss 

Other comprehensive loss 

Comprehensive loss 

Share issuance 

Share redemptions 

Share-based payments 

Dividends paid 
Adjustment on reorganization (1) 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

Balance at January 1, 2016 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income 

Comprehensive income 
Redemption (2) 

Dividends paid 

Balance at December 31, 2016 

(1)  See Note 18 for details regarding the share adjustment on reorganization. 
(2)  Reflects redemption of Class A non-voting common shares, redeemed by 6436978 Canada Limited (“643 Can Ltd”) in Q2 2016, 

prior to reorganization. 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

Operating activities 
Net (loss) income 
Items not involving cash: 
     Depreciation and amortization 
     Unrealized gains (losses) 
     Impairment loss on available-for-sale investments 
     Stock options granted 

Change in working capital and other 
Realized loss on available-for-sale investments 
Income taxes paid 
Interest paid 
Net cash flows from operating activities 

Investing activities 
Proceeds on disposal of investments 
Purchases of investments 
Purchases of capital assets 
Disposal of capital assets 

Purchases of intangible assets 
Net cash flows (used in) from investing activities 

Financing activities 
Change in minority interests 
Dividends paid 
Common shares issued 

Shares redeemed 
Repayment of notes payable 
Loans received 

Repayment of loans payable 
Net cash flows from (used in) financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year 

Cash, beginning of year 
Cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents 

     Cash, end of year 
     Cash equivalents, end of year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

(342) 

839 
1,194 
321 
143 

23,722 
(932) 
(7,090) 
(1,042) 
16,813 

39,050 
(139,403) 
(115) 
23 

(978) 
(101,423) 

5,156 
(8) 
140,270 

(4,031) 
(355) 

- 

(4,400) 
136,632 

2,953 

556 
(3,831) 
2,888 

- 
9,673 
(1,936) 
(1,797) 
(625) 
7,881 

61,140 
(33,934) 
(576) 

- 
(227) 
26,403 

155 
(17,699) 

- 

(21,000) 
(346) 
35,000 

(7,518) 
(11,408) 

52,022 

22,876 

113,409 
8,687 
122,096 

96,912 
4,475 
101,387 

(8,443) 

(2,167) 

83,137 
82,538 
165,675 

113,409 
8,687 
122,096 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 1 – The Company 

Trisura  Group  Ltd.  (the  “Company”)  was  incorporated  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (Ontario)  (the  “Act”)  on 
January 27, 2017. The Company’s head office is located at 333 Bay Street, Suite 1610, Box 22, Toronto Ontario, M5H 2R2. 

The Company owns three principal subsidiaries through which it conducts insurance operations.  These subsidiaries are 
643 Can Ltd, Trisura International Holdings Ltd. (“TIHL”) and Trisura Specialty Insurance Company (“Trisura Specialty”).  
643 Can Ltd, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company (“Trisura Guarantee”), operates 
as a Canadian property and casualty insurance company.  TIHL, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Trisura International 
Insurance  Ltd.  (“Trisura  International”),  provides  specialty  insurance  and  reinsurance  products  to  the  global  insurance 
market place, and is currently managing its in-force portfolio of reinsurance contracts.  A third wholly-owned subsidiary, 
Trisura  Specialty  was  incorporated  on  May  31,  2017  and  was  licensed  by  the  Oklahoma  Insurance  Department  as  a 
domestic  surplus  lines  insurer  and  can  write  business  as  a  non-admitted  surplus  line  insurer  in  all  states  within  the 
United States. 

1.1 

Reorganization Transaction 

On  June  15,  2017,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  (“Brookfield”)  subscribed  for  5,813,312  common  shares  of  the 
Company  in  exchange  for  approximately  $140,270.    On  June 15,  2017,  the  Company used  the  $140,270  to  acquire: (i) 
Brookfield’s  100%  interest  in  TIHL  for  approximately  $50,132;  (ii)  Brookfield’s  60%  interest  in  643  Can  Ltd  for 
approximately $50,329; and (iii) Brookfield’s interest in a note payable from 643 Can Ltd to Brookfield for approximately 
in  additional  cash  (collectively,  the  “Reorganization 
$185, 
Transaction”).  See Note 18 for the impact of the Reorganization Transaction on share capital.     

leaving  the  Company  with  approximately  $39,624 

1.2 

Spin-off 

On June 22, 2017, Brookfield completed the spin-off of the  Company (the “Spin-off”), which was effected by  way of a 
special  dividend  of  all  of  the  common  shares  of  the  Company  to  holders  of  Brookfield’s  Class  A  and  B  limited  voting 
shares as of June 1, 2017.  Each holder of Brookfield’s Class A and B limited voting shares received one common share of 
the  Company  for  every  170  Class  A  or  Class  B  shares  of  Brookfield.    The  common  shares  of  the  Company  are  publicly 
traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “TSU”.  

Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”).  These  consolidated  financial 
statements were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors on February 15, 2018. 

2.1 

Basis of presentation 

As  at  and  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016  and  for  the  period  from  January  1  to  June  14,  2017,  the  combined 
financial statements are comprised of the financial results of the Company, 643 Can Ltd and its subsidiary, as well as the 
financial  results  of  TIHL  and  its  subsidiary,  and  Trisura  Specialty  on  a  combined  basis  of  presentation.    All  intra-group 
transactions, balances, income and expenses were eliminated in full on combination.  

For  the  period  beginning  June  15,  2017,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  results  of  the 
Company  and  all  entities  controlled  by  the  Company,  on  a  consolidated  basis  of  presentation.    All  intra-group 
transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation. 

In accordance with IFRS, presentation of assets and liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial position is in 
order of liquidity. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.2 

Continuity of interests 

To  reflect  the  continuity  of  interests,  these  consolidated  financial  statements  provide  comparative  information  of  the 
Company for the periods prior to the  Spin-off.  Accordingly, the financial information for the periods prior to June 22, 
2017 is presented based on the historical financial information for the Company.  For the period after completion of the 
Spin-off, the results are based on the actual results of the Company, including the adjustments associated with the Spin-
off.  Therefore, net (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income have been allocated to Brookfield for the period prior 
to June 22, 2017 and allocated to the post-Spin-off shareholders for the period on and after June 22, 2017.  The earnings 
per share (“EPS”) calculations have been presented for the period from June 22 to December 31, 2017.   

2.3 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.  The Company has 
classified  cash  and  cash  equivalents  along  with  loans  and  receivables,  which  are  recorded  at  amortized  cost,  which 
approximates fair value.   

2.4 

Investments 

Bonds, trust units and equities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) or designated as Fair Value Through Profit or 
Loss (“FVTPL”).  The classification is dependent on the purpose for which the financial instruments were acquired.   

AFS  investments  are  carried  at  fair  value,  with  changes  in  fair  value  recorded  as  unrealized  gains  (or  losses)  in  other 
comprehensive (loss) income.  FVTPL investments are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net 
(loss) income. Certain investments are designated as FVTPL  to reduce the volatility  within net (loss) income associated 
with the movement of the underlying claims which are supported by these investments.   

If  an  investment  incorporates  an  embedded  derivative  that  is  otherwise  required  to  be  accounted  for  separately,  the 
Company designates that investment as FVTPL and does not separately account for the embedded derivative.  

Structured insurance assets consisting of purchased commission arrangements are designated on inception as FVTPL. 

Purchases  and  sales  of  investments  are  recognized  and  derecognized  in  the  financial statements  on  their  trade  dates.  
Transaction  costs  related  to  investments  classified  as  AFS  are  capitalized  on  initial  recognition  and,  where  applicable, 
amortized  to  interest  income  using the  effective interest  method.   Transaction  costs  related  to  FVTPL  instruments  are 
expensed in investment income. 

2.5 

Measurement of fair values 

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values which includes input 
from the Company’s investment managers who report directly to management. 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible.  Fair 
values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques. 

Investments carried at fair value are classified in accordance with a valuation hierarchy that reflects the significance of 
the  inputs  used  in  determining  their  fair  value.    Under  Level  1  of  this  hierarchy,  fair  value  is  derived  from  unadjusted 
quoted prices in active markets for identical investments.  Under Level 2, fair value is derived from market inputs that 
are directly or indirectly observable, other than unadjusted quoted prices for identical investments.  Under Level 3, fair 
value is derived from inputs, some of which are not based on observable market data. 

Significant  unobservable  inputs  and  valuation  adjustments  are  regularly  reviewed.  If  third  party  information,  such  as 
broker  quotes  or  pricing services,  is  used  to  measure  fair  values,  then  the  evidence  obtained  from  the  third  parties  is 
assessed  in  light  of  the  requirements  of  IFRS,  including the  level  in  the  fair  value  hierarchy  in  which  such  investments 
should be classified. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.5 

Measurement of fair values (continued) 

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different  levels of the fair 
value  hierarchy,  then  the  fair  value  measurement  is  categorized  in  its  entirety  in  the  same  level  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. 

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during 
which the change has occurred. 

2.6 

Derivative financial instruments 

Derivative financial instruments are classified as held for trading or are designated as effective hedging instruments. All 
derivatives are carried as assets when the fair values are positive and as liabilities when the fair values are negative.   

Derivative financial instruments held for trading are typically entered into with the intention to settle in the near future. 
These  instruments  are  recorded  at  fair  value.  Based  on  market  prices,  fair  value  adjustments  and  realized  gains  and 
losses are recognized in investment income in the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. 

Derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments are entered into by the Company to hedge its risks 
associated with foreign currency fluctuations. These are considered to be cash flow hedges which are initially recognized 
at fair value on the date on which the derivative contract is entered into. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the 
hedging  instrument  is  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  (loss)  income,  while  the  ineffective  portion  is  recognized 
within net investment income. 

2.7 

Other financial assets and liabilities 

The  Company has  classified  the  following financial  assets  as  loans  and  receivables  that  continue  to  be  carried  at  their 
amortized  cost,  which  approximates  their  fair  value  due  to  their  short-term  nature,  with  the  exception  of  derivative 
assets which are grouped with Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets but are carried at fair value: 

i. 

Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets. 

The  Company  has  classified  the  following  financial  liabilities  as  other  liabilities  that  continue  to  be  carried  at  their 
amortized cost, which approximates their fair value, with the exception of derivative liabilities, cash-settled share based 
payments  and  deferred  share  units,  which  are  grouped  with  Accounts  payable,  accrued  and  other  liabilities  but  are 
carried at fair value: 

i. 

ii. 

iii. 

Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities; 

Reinsurance premiums payable;  

Loan payable; and 

iv.  Minority interests. 

2.8 

Insurance contracts 

When significant insurance risk exists, the Company’s products are classified at contract inception as insurance contracts, 
in accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts (“IFRS 4”).  Significant insurance risk exists when the Company agrees to 
compensate policyholders of the contract or ceding companies for specified uncertain future events that adversely affect 
the  policyholder  and  whose  amount  and  timing  is  unknown.    The  level  of  insurance  risk  is  assessed  by  considering 
whether  there  are  any  scenarios  with  commercial  substance  in  which  the  Company  is  required  to  pay  significant 
additional benefits.  These benefits are those which exceed the amounts payable if no insured or reinsured event were 
to occur.  In the absence of significant insurance risk, the contract is classified as an investment contract.   

8 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.9 

Investment contracts 

Contracts issued to policyholders that transfer financial risk, but do not transfer significant insurance risk to the Company 
are  classified  as  investment  contract  liabilities.    The  contributions  received  from  policyholders  on  these  contracts  are 
recorded  as  investment  contract  liabilities,  and  not  as  premiums  written,  and  claim  payments  made  are  recorded  as 
adjustments to the investment contract liabilities.   

Investment contract liabilities are carried at amortized cost and are measured at the date of initial recognition as the fair 
value  of  consideration  received,  less  payments  for  transaction  related  costs.    At  each  reporting  period,  the  liability  is 
measured  as  the  present  value  of  estimated  future  cash  flows  relating  to  all  claims  expected  to  be  settled  on  the 
contracts, using the effective interest method.  Gains or losses associated with the measurement are recorded in Claims 
and  loss  adjustment  expenses  (“LAE”).    Investment  contract  liabilities  are  included  in  Accounts  payable,  accrued  and 
other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position.   

2.10 

Premiums 

Premiums  are  earned over  the  terms  of  the  related  policies  or  surety  bonds,  generally  on a  pro  rata  basis.    There  are 
some  instances  where  premiums  are  earned  over  the  term  of  the  policy  in  accordance  with  the  risk  profile  of  those 
policies  with  more  premiums  being  earned  when  the  risk  exposure  from  the  policy  is  greatest.    Unearned  premiums 
represent  the  unexpired  portion  of  premiums  written.    Gross  premiums  written  are  presented  gross  of  retrospective 
premium refunds to insureds.  Retrospective premium refunds are accounted for on an accrual basis. 

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Company  enters  into  fronting  arrangements  with  third  parties,  whereby  the 
Company assumes the insurance risk but then cedes all of it to other insurers and reinsurers, and security arrangements 
are established to offset the Company’s risk exposure.  Premiums related to those fronting arrangements are recognized 
over the term of the related policies on a pro rata basis. 

2.11 

Fees 

Fees  charged  to  insureds  are  recorded  as  revenue  and  separately  disclosed  on  the  consolidated  statements  of 
comprehensive (loss) income.  Fees are recognized in the period in which they are charged provided that no significant 
obligations to insureds exist and reasonable assurance exists regarding collectability.  

2.12 

Acquisition costs 

Acquisition costs comprise commissions paid to insurance brokers and premium taxes.  These costs are deferred to the 
extent they are recoverable from unearned premiums and are amortized on the same basis as the related premiums are 
earned.  If unearned premiums are not sufficient to pay expected claims and expenses, including the deferred acquisition 
costs, after taking into consideration anticipated investment income, the resulting premium deficiency is recognized in 
the  current  period  by  first  reducing,  to  a  corresponding  extent,  the  deferred  amount  of  the  acquisition  costs.    Any 
residual  amount  is  recorded  in  Deferred  acquisition  costs  in  the  statements  of  financial  position  as  a  provision  for 
premium deficiency. 

2.13 

Funds held by ceding companies  

Funds held by ceding companies are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.  These amounts 
are reported on a net basis, as a deduction from claims and LAE, where the effective right of offset exists. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.14 

Claims and loss adjustment expenses 

The liability for unpaid claims and LAE represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not paid by 
the statement of financial position date. The reserving process employed in determining future claims and LAE payments 
includes  consideration  of  individual  case  estimates  of  future  claims  and  LAE  payments  on  reported  claims  as  well  as 
provisions  for  future  development  of  case  estimates,  and  claims  and  LAE  related  to  incurred  but  not  reported  claims 
(“IBNR”).  In some instances further provisions are made for the time value of money by applying discount rates based 
on  projected  investment  income  from  the  assets  supporting  this  liability.    The  Company  uses  qualified  actuaries  in  its 
reserving processes. 

In  estimating  unpaid  claims  and  LAE,  a  range  of  actuarial  techniques  are  used.    Typically  these  techniques  consider 
historical  loss  development  factors  and  payment  patterns.    They  require  the  use  of  assumptions  relating  to  future 
development  of  claims  and  LAE,  future  rates  of  claims  frequency  and  severity,  claims  inflation,  payment  patterns  and 
reinsurance  recoveries,  taking  into  consideration  the  circumstances  of  the  Company  and  the  nature  of  the  insurance 
policies.  Typically the delay to ultimate settlement of claims increases the uncertainty of the  estimate of the ultimate 
cost  of  those  claims  and  LAE.    The  uncertainty  in  estimation  tends  to  be  higher  for  long-tail  lines  where  information 
typically emerges over time.  For the reinsurance business, the time lag in obtaining information from ceding insurers as 
well as the differing reserve practices employed by ceding insurers can further increase the uncertainty of the estimate. 
In certain circumstances, explicit actuarial margins are included in the liability in recognition of the inherent uncertainty 
of  the  estimates  and  the  possibility  of  deterioration  in  experience  relative  to  expectation  in  relation  to  claims 
development, investment return rates and recoverability of reinsurance balances. 

As a result of the uncertainly in estimation, actual future claims and LAE payments may deviate in quantum and timing, 
perhaps  materially,  from  the  liability  recorded  in  the  Company’s  current  provision  for  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  and 
investment contract liabilities as recorded on the consolidated statements of financial position. The liability for unpaid 
claims and LAE is reviewed regularly and evaluated in light of emerging claims experience and changing circumstances.  
Any resulting adjustments to the estimates of the ultimate liability are recorded as claims and LAE in the period in which 
such changes are made. 

2.15 

Reinsurance 

The  reinsurers’  share  of  unearned  premiums  and  their  estimated  share  of  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  are  presented  as 
Recoverable from reinsurers on a basis consistent with the methods used to determine the unearned premium  liability 
and the unpaid claims liability, respectively. 

Unearned  reinsurance  commissions  are  deferred  and  earned  using  principles  consistent  with  the  method  used  for 
deferring and amortizing acquisition costs. 

2.16 

Capital assets 

Capital assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives 
of these assets using the following rates and methods: 

Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Leasehold improvements 

2.17 

Intangible assets 

40%, declining balance 
25%, declining balance 
5 to 10 years, straight-line over the term of the lease 

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization.  Amortization is provided over the estimated useful 
lives of those assets.  A 40% amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to computer 
software.  A 20% amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to the customer lists 
recorded as intangible assets. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.18 

Income taxes 

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under this method of tax allocation, 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and 
tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect in the 
periods in which the deferred income tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized, where those tax rates 
and laws have been substantively enacted.   

The following temporary differences are not provided for: the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition of 
an  asset  or  a  liability  in  a  transaction  which  is  not  a  business  combination  and  at  the  time  of  the  transaction,  affects 
neither accounting or taxable income as well as differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they 
are unlikely to reverse in the foreseeable future.  

Deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that they will be realized.  Estimates are used to 
determine the value of the deferred tax asset balance based on the assumption that the Company will generate taxable 
income in future years.  Estimates are used to determine the taxes payable balance based on applicable tax legislation. 
For items in other comprehensive (loss) income, the related tax is also presented in other comprehensive (loss) income. 

2.19 

Impairment 

The Company’s financial assets are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence 
that they are impaired. A financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more 
events have had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. 

When  an  unrealized  loss  on  an  available-for-sale  investment  results  from  objective  evidence  of  impairment,  the 
difference between the acquisition cost (net of any principal repayment and amortization) of the investment and its fair 
value  is  recognized  as  a  realized  loss  in  net  (loss)  income  and  a  corresponding  adjustment  is  made  to  other 
comprehensive (loss) income.  For debt securities, impairment could occur if there is objective evidence of impairment 
as a result of a loss event and that loss event has an impact on future cash flows, and for equity securities, impairment 
could occur as a result of a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost.  In determining whether there 
is  objective  evidence  of  impairment,  the  factors  considered  are,  primarily,  the  term  of  the  unrealized  loss  and  the 
amount of the unrealized loss.  If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-
sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized 
in net (loss) income, the impairment loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in net (loss) income. 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets are assessed at each statement of financial position date to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated and the carrying value is reduced to the estimated recoverable amount by means of an impairment charge to 
net (loss) income.  The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in 
use. 

2.20 

Foreign currency 

a) 

Functional and presentation currency 

The  Company’s  functional  and  presentation  currency  is  Canadian  dollars.  Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated 
into Canadian dollars at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction. 

Foreign denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate in 
effect at the statement of financial position date.  Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized  in 
net  (loss)  income.    Foreign  currency  non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  which  are  measured  at  historical  cost  are 
recorded at the exchange rate in effect at the date of transaction. Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities 
which are measured at fair value are recorded at the exchange rate in effect at the date that fair value was determined. 

For fixed maturities classified as available-for-sale, foreign exchange differences resulting from changes in amortized cost 
are recognized in net (loss) income, while foreign exchange differences arising from unrealized fair value gains and losses 
are included as unrealized (losses) gains within other comprehensive (loss) income. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.20 

Foreign currency (continued) 

b) 

Financial statements of foreign operations 

For foreign operations that have a functional currency other than Canadian dollars, the results and financial position of 
such operations are translated into Canadian dollars.  Assets and liabilities of the foreign operations are translated at the 
foreign exchange rates in effect at the statement of financial position date, and income and expenses are translated at 
average rates approximating the foreign exchange rates in effect at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign exchange differences arising from the  translation to  Canadian dollars are recognized as cumulative translation 
adjustment (“CTA”) in other comprehensive (loss) income.   

2.21 

Offsetting 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statements of financial position 
only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a 
net  basis,  or  to  realize  the  assets  and  settle  the  liability  simultaneously.    Under  certain  reinsurance  contracts,  the 
Company offsets amounts carried as funds held by ceding companies against the corresponding liability for claims and 
LAE or investment contract liability where the intention is to settle on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the 
liability simultaneously. 

2.22 

Share-based compensation 

The  Company’s  accounting  policies  with  respect  to  share-based  compensation  are  in  accordance  with  IFRS  2,  Share 
based payment, for which the Company has adopted the amendments early. 

a)  

Equity-settled stock option plan 

The Company maintains an equity-settled stock option plan, which is described in Note 29.1.  The value of equity-settled 
stock options is measured at the grant date, and the cost is  recognized in Operating expenses as an expense over the 
period from the issue date to the vesting date.    Obligations related to equity-settled stock options plans are recorded in 
shareholders’  equity  as  contributed  surplus.    Any  consideration  paid  by  stock  option  holders  to  exercise  the  options 
increases share capital.  The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to measure the fair value of stock options.  Inputs to 
the model include a volatility measure, a risk free rate, and expected life of the options. 

b) 

Cash-settled share based plan 

The Company maintains a cash-settled share based plan, which is described in Note 29.2.  The cost of cash-settled share 
based options is recognized in Operating expenses as an expense over the period from the issue date to the vesting date.  
Obligations related to cash-settled share based plans are recorded as liabilities at fair value in Accounts payable, accrued 
and other liabilities.  At each reporting date, obligations related to the plan are re-measured at fair value with reference 
to the fair value of the Company’s stock price and the number of units that have vested.  The corresponding share-based 
compensation expense or recovery is recognized over the vesting period.  The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to 
measure the fair value of cash-settled share based options. Inputs to the model include a volatility measure, a risk free 
rate, and expected life of the options. 

c)  

Deferred share units plan 

The Company has adopted a non-employee director Deferred Share Units (“DSU”) plan, which is described in Note 29.3.  
This entitles the participants to receive, following the end of the director’s tenure as a member of the Board, an amount 
equivalent  to  the  value  of  a  common  share  at  settlement,  for  each  DSU  unit  that  the  participant  holds.    Obligations 
related  to  the  plan  are  recorded  as  liabilities  at  fair  value  in  Accounts  payable,  accrued  and  other  liabilities,  and  re-
measured  at  each  reporting  date  at  fair  value  with  reference  to  the  fair  value  of  the  Company’s  stock  price  and  the 
number  of  units  that  have  vested.    The  cost  of  the  DSUs  is  recognized  in  Operating  expenses  in  the  period  they  are 
awarded.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.23 

Future accounting policy changes 

a) 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)  

In  November  2009,  the  IASB  issued  IFRS  9  as  part  of  its  plan  to  replace  IAS  39  Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and 
Measurement (“IAS 39”).  IFRS 9 requires financial assets, including hybrid contracts, to be measured at either fair value 
or amortized cost.  In October 2010, the IASB added to IFRS 9 the requirements for classification and measurement of 
financial  liabilities  previously  included  in  IAS  39.    Another  revised  version  of  IFRS  9  was  issued  in  July  2014  to  include 
impairment  requirements  for  financial  assets  and  limited  amendments  by  introducing  a  “fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income” measurement category.  It also removed the mandatory effective date of January 1, 2015 and 
replaced  it  with  a  new  effective  date  of  January  1,  2018.    This  notwithstanding,  the  Company  has  elected  to  defer 
implementation  of  IFRS  9  to  coincide  with  the  implementation  of  IFRS  17  Insurance  Contracts  (“IFRS  17”)  as  it  is 
permitted to do (see IFRS 17 below). 

b) 

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”) 

On May 28, 2014, the IASB published IFRS 15, which replaces IAS 11 Construction Contracts and IAS 18 Revenues.  This 
new standard specifies how and when to recognize revenues  according to a single five-step  model, and the additional 
disclosure requirements.  The provisions of this new standard were to apply to financial statements beginning on or after 
January  1,  2017.   On  September 11,  2015,  the  IASB  published  an  amendment  to  the  standard  which  deferred  the 
effective  date  to  financial  statements  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2018.   Early  adoption  was  permitted.    The 
Company  has  assessed  the  impact  of  IFRS  15  and  has  determined  that  it  will  not  have  an  impact  on  its  consolidated 
financial statements.  

c) 

IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”) 

In  January  2016,  the  IASB  published  IFRS  16.  The  new  standard  brings  most  leases  on  to  the  statements  of  financial 
position, eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases.  Lessor accounting however remains largely 
unchanged and the distinction between operating and finance leases is retained.  IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17 Leases and 
related interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted 
if IFRS 15 has also been applied.  The Company is assessing the impact that IFRS 16 will have on its consolidated financial 
statements. 

d) 

IFRS 17 

On May 18, 2017, the IASB issued the new standard IFRS 17 which allows insurance entities to elect one of the following 
two  approaches  with  respect  to  financial  instruments:  (a)  the  deferral  approach,  which  provides  entities  whose 
predominant activities are  to issue insurance contracts  within the scope of IFRS 4 a  temporary exemption to  continue 
using  IAS  39,  instead  of  IFRS  9,  until  January  1,  2021;  and  (b)  the  overlay  approach,  which  can  be  applied  to  eligible 
financial  assets  and  provides  an  option  for  all  issuers  of  insurance  contracts  to  reclassify  from  profit  or  loss  to  other 
comprehensive income any additional accounting volatility that may arise from applying IFRS 9 before IFRS 17 is applied.  
IFRS  17  requires  insurance  liabilities  to  be  measured  at  current  fulfillment  value  and  provides  a  more  uniform 
measurement  and  presentation  approach  for  all  insurance  contracts.   IFRS  17  supersedes  IFRS  4  and  related 
interpretations  and  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2021.   The  Company  is  assessing  the 
impact that IFRS 17 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 3 – Critical accounting judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent 
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the 
periods presented.     

3.1 

Critical accounting judgments in applying the Company’s accounting policies 

Judgments  are  used  in  applying the  accounting policies  used to  prepare  financial statements.    Those judgments  affect 
the carrying amount of certain assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses recorded during 
the period.   

a) 

Insurance Contracts 

Judgments are used to determine whether contracts should be classified as insurance or investment contracts (see Note 
2.9). 

b) 

Investments 

Judgments are used in determining the classification of investments as AFS or FVTPL (see Note 4.1). 

c) 

Unpaid claims and LAE 

Judgments are used in establishing provisions for unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.14). 

3.2 

Assumption and estimation uncertainty 

Information  about  assumptions  and  estimation  uncertainties  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  resulting  in  a  material 
adjustment  in  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  is  included  below.    Any  changes  in  estimates  are  recorded  in  the 
period  in  which  they  are  determined.    Accordingly,  actual  results  may  differ  from  these  and  other  estimates  thereby 
impacting future financial statements: 

a) 

Valuation of claims liabilities 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.14), as well 
as significant risk factors associated with insurance and reinsurance (see Note 11 and Note 12). 

b) 

Valuation of structured insurance assets 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of the structured insurance assets (see Note 4.4 
and Note 5). 

c) 

Measurement of income taxes 

Assumptions and estimates are used in measuring the provision for incomes taxes (see Note 2.18 and Note 28). 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 4 – Investments 

4.1 

Classification of financial instruments 

The following table presents the classification of the investments. 

As at December 31, 2017 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total financial assets 

As at December 31, 2016 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Convertible debenture 

Structured insurance assets 

Total financial assets 

AFS 

Designated  
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

Total 

              -    

               -    

165,675 

165,675 

106,453 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

              -    

156,061 

22,014 

               -    

               -    

               -    
12,566 

34,580 

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

165,675 

AFS 

Designated  
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

128,467 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

356,316 

Total 

              -    

               -    

122,096 

122,096 

105,482 

2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

              -    

              -    

150,082 

28,986 

               -    

               -    

               -    
196 

15,129 

44,311 

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

122,096 

134,468 

2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

196 

15,129 

316,489 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

4.2 

Unrealized gains and losses 

The amortized cost and fair values of investments as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows: 

As at December 31, 2017 

Government 
Corporate 

Total bonds 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

As at December 31, 2016 

Government 
Corporate 

Total bonds 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Convertible debenture 

Structured insurance assets 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

AFS investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying value 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

22,014 

- 

25,436 
80,121 

22,014 

105,557 

- 

- 

332 

55 

22,014 

105,944 

2,115 

25,668 

14,441 

- 

- 

- 

- 

12,566 

34,580 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

28,986 

- 

27,702 
75,663 

28,986 

103,365 

- 

- 

512 

59 

28,986 

103,936 

- 

- 

- 
196 

15,129 

44,311 

2,126 

22,162 

15,227 

- 

- 

634 
407 
1,041 

- 
36 

1,077 

935 

6,780 

1,165 

- 

 (30) 
(465) 

(495) 

(18) 

(55) 

(568) 

(122) 

(1,199) 

(175) 

- 

26,040 
80,063 

48,054 
80,063 

106,103 

128,117 

314 

36 

314 

36 

106,453 

128,467 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

- 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

148,168 

9,957 

 (2,064) 

156,061 

190,641 

AFS investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying 
value 

1,236 
724 
1,960 

8 

41 

2,009 

744 

5,372 

261 

- 

- 

 (8) 
(352) 

(360) 

(44) 

(59) 

28,930 
76,035 

104,965 

476 

41 

(68) 

(601) 

(623) 

- 

- 

2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

- 

- 

(463) 

105,482 

134,468 

143,451 

8,386 

 (1,755) 

150,082 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

57,916 
76,035 

133,951 

476 

41 

2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

196 

15,129 

194,393 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

4.2 

Unrealized gains and losses (continued) 

Management  has  reviewed  currently  available  information  regarding  those  investments  with  a  fair  value  less  than 
carrying  value.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  management  recognized  an  impairment  of  $321  (2016  –
$2,888).  Assumptions are used  when estimating  the value of impairment based on the Company’s impairment policy, 
which involves comparing fair value to carrying value. 

4.3 

Pledged assets 

In  the  normal course of  insurance  and reinsurance  operations,  the  Company  must  secure  its  obligations under  certain 
insurance and reinsurance contracts by collateralizing them with letters of credit or trust arrangements. These trusts and 
letters  of  credit  may,  in  turn,  be  secured  by  the  Company’s fixed  income  investments.    As  at  December  31,  2017,  the 
Company  has  pledged  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  short  term  deposits  amounting  to  $52,767,  and  pledged  fixed 
maturity investments amounting to $30,646 (December 31, 2016 – $64,710 and $42,228, respectively), under insurance 
and reinsurance trust arrangements and are therefore not readily available for general use by  the Company.  

As  at  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  pledged  $375  (December  31,  2016  –  $nil)  of  fixed  income  investments  as 
security deposit to the Oklahoma Insurance Department to be held in trust for and pledged to the State of Oklahoma. 

4.4 

Structured insurance assets 

The  structured  insurance  assets  represent  the  Company’s  purchase  of  the  rights  to  collect  commission  income  on 
portfolios of long-term care insurance policies issued by investment grade  insurance companies.  The commissions are 
paid into trusts, from which the amounts due to the Company, being the commissions net of expenses of the trusts, are 
paid.    The  commission  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  amounted  to  $2,379  (December  31,  2016  – 
$4,940), which has been recorded within net investment income (see Note 20).    

Note 5 – Fair value measurement 

During the years 2017 and 2016 there were no transfers between levels. 

The following sets out the financial instruments classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 
2017 and December 31, 2016: 

As at December 31, 2017 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 

Corporate 

Total bonds 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total investments 
Derivative financial assets 

48,054 

80,063 

128,117 

314 

36 

128,467 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

190,641 
152 

190,793 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
2,928 

30,942 

15,431 

- 

49,301 

- 

49,301 

48,054 

80,063 

128,117 

- 

- 

128,117 

- 

- 

- 

- 

128,117 
152 

128,269 

      - 

- 

- 
314 

36 

350 

- 
307 

- 

12,566 

13,223 

- 

13,223 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 5 – Fair value measurement (continued) 

As at December 31, 2016 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 

Corporate 

Total bonds 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Convertible debenture 

Total investments 
Derivative financial liabilities 

57,916 

76,035 

133,951 

476 

41 

134,468 

2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

15,129 

196 

194,393 
(278) 

194,115 

      - 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
2,802 

26,933 

14,865 

- 
196 

44,796 

- 

44,796 

57,916 

76,035 

133,951 

- 

- 

133,951 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

133,951 
(278) 

133,673 

- 

- 

- 
476 

41 

517 

- 

- 

- 

15,129 

- 

15,646 

- 

15,646 

The  following  table  shows  a  reconciliation  from  the  beginning  balances  to  the  ending  balances  for  fair  value 
measurements in Level 3 of the hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

Balance at beginning of year 
Unrealized losses 
Amortization of (premium) discount 
Purchase of securities 

Foreign exchange 

Balance at end of year 

2017 

15,646 
(1,705) 
(38) 
318 

(998) 
13,223 

2016 

16,119 
(2,950) 
2,936 

- 
(459) 
15,646 

Included within the Level 3 assets are the structured insurance assets.  The structured insurance assets are valued using 
a  proprietary  discounted  cash  flow  valuation  model.   The  fair  value  of  this  investment  is  based  on  discounting  the 
expected  future  commission  using  a  U.S.  Treasury  yield  curve  adjusted  for  credit  risk  associated  with  the  receipt  of 
future  commission  payments  from  the  insurance  companies.        The  credit  risk  adjustment  is  done  since  the  Company 
takes  on  the  credit  risk  of  the  insurance  companies  who  have  the  ultimate  commission  obligations.  The  majority  of 
commissions  are  received  from  insurance  companies  with  an  A.M.  Best  Company,  Inc.  (“A.M.  Best”)  long-term  issuer 
credit ratings of A or better.   

Expected future cash flows are projected taking into account the probability of the policy being cancelled by the insured 
(referred to as lapse), the insured becoming sick and making a claim under the insurance policy (referred to as morbidity) 
and having future premium payments waived, or the insured dying (referred to as mortality).   These actuarial risks are 
modeled using data drawn from the insurance companies and the Society of Actuaries Long Term Care Studies, as well as 
data  from  other  public  and  non-public  sources  supplemented,  as  appropriate,  by  assistance  from  external  actuarial 
consultants.  The assumptions used are reviewed on a regular basis. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 5 – Fair value measurement (continued) 

The following table shows the sensitivity of the valuation to a 1% change in the lapse rate. 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in lapse rate 

100 basis point decrease in lapse rate 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Impact on comprehensive (loss) income from 
change in average reserve 

(587) 

631 

(712) 

766 

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant fair value inputs utilized by the Company for 
Level 3 assets:  

Structured insurance assets 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2017 

Valuation technique 
12,566  Discounted cash flow 

Fixed income 
Private equity fund investments 

350  Dealer quotes 
307  Net asset value (6) 

Structured insurance assets 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2016 

Valuation technique 
15,129  Discounted cash flow 

Fixed income 

517  Dealer quotes 

Unobservable inputs 

Range 

Discount rate load (1) 
Mortality rates (2) 
Morbidity rates (3) 
Lapse rates (4) 
n/a (5) 
n/a 

0.5% - 6% 
n/a 
0.3% - 28.6% 
1.25% 
n/a 
n/a 

Unobservable inputs 

Range 

Discount rate load (1) 
Mortality rates (2) 
Morbidity rates (3) 
Lapse rates (4) 
n/a (5) 

0.5% - 6% 
n/a 
0.3% - 28.6% 
3% 
n/a 

(1)  The discount rate used by the Company consists of three components: 

Risk free rate: based on U.S. Treasury strip rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs. 
Credit risk: based on counterparty credit default swap rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs. 

• 
• 
•  Discount  rate  load:  the  risk  premium  applied  to  projected  cash  flows  which  increases  over  time.   A 

decrease in discount rate load, increases estimated fair value. 

(2)  Mortality  rates  are  derived  from  Annuity  2000  mortality  tables  developed  by  the  Society  of  Actuaries  in  the 

United States. 

(3)  Morbidity  rates  refer  to  the  percentage  of  policyholders  in  receipt  of  benefit  during  which  time  premiums  are 

waived.  These rates vary by age and gender and are based on long term care industry data.  
Lapse rates are  the percentage of policyholders electing to  cancel their policy and are based on long term care 
industry data. 
The fair value of fixed maturities is determined using International Data Corporation’s valuation methodology and 
obtained  by  Asset  Managers  responsible  for  managing  these  assets.    Consequently,  quantitative  unobservable 
inputs are not developed by the Company when measuring fair value. 
The reported net asset value from the Asset Manager approximates the fair value of the investment. 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 6 – Deferred acquisition costs 

The  following  changes  have  occurred  to  the  deferred  acquisition  costs  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016: 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 

Closing balance, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition 
costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 

Closing balance, end of year 

December 31, 2017 
30,985 
45,245 
(35,964) 
40,266 

December 31, 2017 
4,928 
9,112 
(8,474) 
5,566 

December 31, 2016 
25,862 
36,201 
(31,078) 
30,985 

December 31, 2016 
5,277 
8,478 
(8,827) 
4,928 

The  reinsurers’  share  of  deferred  acquisition  costs  is  referred  to  as  Unearned  reinsurance  commissions  in  the 
consolidated statements of financial position. 

Note 7 – Unearned premiums 

7.1 

Nature of unearned premiums 

Unearned  premiums  are  calculated  on  a  pro  rata  basis  from  the  unexpired  portion  of  the  premiums  written.  The 
unearned  premiums  estimate  is  validated  through  standard  actuarial  techniques  to  ensure  that  after  deducting  any 
deferred  policy  acquisition  costs,  these  premiums  are  sufficient  to  cover  the  estimated  future  costs  of  servicing  the 
associated  policies,  expected  claims,  LAE,  and  taxes  to  be  incurred.    In  estimating  these  costs,  the  Company  uses 
discounting techniques to take into account the time value of money and a provision for adverse deviation is added to 
the discounted amount.  There was no premium deficiency at December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016. 

The carrying value of unearned premiums approximates their fair value. 

7.2 

Unearned premiums by line of business 

December 31, 2017 

Surety 
Corporate insurance 
Risk solutions 

December 31, 2016 

Surety 
Corporate insurance 
Risk solutions 

Gross 

21,645 
28,216 
65,496 

115,357 

Gross 

19,212 
20,989 
50,411 

90,612 

Ceded 

7,174 
9,763 
10,071 

27,008 

Ceded 

6,208 
4,348 
11,888 

22,444 

Net 

14,471 
18,453 
55,425 

88,349 

Net 

13,004 
16,641 
38,523 

68,168 

Reinsurers’  share  of  unearned  premiums  referred  to  as  Ceded  in  the  table  above  forms  part  of  the  balance  of 
Recoverable from reinsurers in the consolidated statements of financial position. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

7.2 

Unearned premiums by line of business (continued) 

The  following  changes  have  occurred  in  the  provision  for  unearned  premiums  during  the  years  ended  December  31, 
2017 and December 31, 2016: 

Unearned premiums 

Unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Gross premiums written 
Gross premiums earned 

Unearned premiums, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premium 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Ceded premiums written 
Ceded premiums earned 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums, end of year 

December 31, 2017 
90,612 
146,598 
(121,853) 
115,357 

December 31, 2017 
22,444 
46,977 
(42,413) 
27,008 

December 31, 2016 
71,480 
124,802 
(105,670) 
90,612 

December 31, 2016 
18,121 
37,617 
(33,294) 
22,444 

Note 8 – Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

8.1 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses by line of business 

As at December 31, 2017 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Trisura International 
     Life 

     Property and casualty 

As at December 31, 2016 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Trisura International 
     Life 

     Property and casualty 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net 

15,814 
52,105 
22,593 

90,512 

68,896 

19,477 

88,373 

4,952 
26,656 
6,638 

38,246 

- 

- 

- 

178,885 

38,246 

10,862 
25,449 
15,955 

52,266 

68,896 

19,477 

88,373 

140,639 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net 

15,305 
23,007 
29,153 
67,465 

72,881 

23,624 

96,505 

163,970 

4,333 
2,554 
17,789 
24,676 

- 

- 

- 
24,676 

10,972 
20,453 
11,364 
42,789 

72,881 

23,624 

96,505 

139,294 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment balances due from reinsurers, referred to above as Ceded balances, are grouped with 
unearned reinsurance assets in Recoverable from reinsurers on the consolidated statements of financial position.  

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

8.1 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses by line of business (continued) 

The following changes have occurred to the provision for unpaid claims for the year ended December 31: 

Gross claim reserves 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Add: Provisions offset against funds held by ceding companies1 

Gross unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discount rate 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Amounts transferred on novation 1 

Paid on claims occurring during: 

     Current year 
     Prior years 
Foreign exchange 

Unpaid claims, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of claim reserves 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discount rate 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Paid on claims occurring during: 

     Current year 
     Prior years 

Unpaid claims, end of year 

163,970 

- 

163,970 
(2,101) 
(727) 
1,627 
43,386 

- 

(10,130) 
(19,822) 
2,682 

178,885 

168,772 
32,013 

200,785 
(2,074) 
(745) 
1,826 
40,249 
(30,976) 

(8,896) 
(31,280) 
(4,919) 

163,970 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

24,676 
2,483 
(348) 
782 
21,645 

(3,933) 
(7,059) 

38,246 

18,958 
(800) 
(194) 
434 
11,871 

(2,560) 
(3,033) 

24,676 

(1) 

In  2016,  the  provisions  offset  against  funds  held  by  ceding  companies  were  transferred  on  novation  and  no  longer  offset 
unpaid claims. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

8.2 

Prior year claims development 

The following tables present the gross and net cumulative claim payments to date and estimate of gross and net ultimate 
claims incurred, including IBNR claims and provisions for adverse deviation (“PfAD”), at the end of the year: 

Gross claims loss development 

Accident year 

All prior 
years 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

Total 

Estimate of gross ultimate claims incurred 

287,250 

57,059 

52,621 

51,188 

52,522 

54,563 

54,863 

53,469 

53,496 
53,493 

18,104 

11,741 

12,187 

20,896 

16,169 

12,935 

16,669 

12,322 

16,125 

12,006 

14,289 

13,312 

13,316 

13,459 

9,638 

8,979 

8,852 

17,155 

13,608 

13,062 

12,725 

9,615 

8,078 

7,178 

6,801 

8,101 

22,377 

21,878 

20,660 

20,648 

29,316 

24,413 

24,425 

40,249 

38,564 

43,386 

283,461 

279,914 

281,760 

288,683 

293,413 

293,985 

286,522 
285,179 

285,568 

One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Five years later 

Six years later 

Seven years later 

Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Estimate of gross ultimate 

claims incurred 
Cumulative claim 

2,432,806 

285,568 

53,493 

13,459 

8,852 

8,101 

12,725 

20,648 

24,425 

38,564 

43,386 

2,942,027 

payments to date 

(2,418,944) 

(282,030) 

(51,369) 

(13,272) 

(7,624) 

(5,121) 

(7,979) 

(14,665) 

(13,805) 

(12,133) 

(10,129) 

(2,837,071) 

Unpaid claims 

Impact of discounting 

Impact of PfAD 

Present value of unpaid 
claims with PfAD 

Add: Discounted reserves on 

life contracts 

Total unpaid claims and LAE 

13,862 

3,538 

2,124 

187 

1,228 

2,980 

4,746 

5,983 

10,620 

26,431 

33,257 

104,956 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

5 

(5) 

23 

(25) 

116 

(60) 

(138) 

(204) 

(372) 

(1,126) 

(1,277) 

(3,207) 

381 

459 

601 

1,026 

2,421 

3,207 

8,240 

13,862 

3,539 

2,129 

205 

1,319 

3,301 

5,067 

6,380 

11,274 

27,726 

35,187 

109,989 

68,896 

178,885 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

8.2 

Prior year claims development (continued) 

Net claims loss development 

Accident year 

Estimate of net ultimate 

All prior 
years 

claims incurred 
One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Five years later 

Six years later 

Seven years later 

Eight years later 

Nine years later 

Estimate of net ultimate 

2008 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

Total 

282,863 

280,151 

278,950 

280,835 

287,602 

292,363 

292,929 

285,455 

284,115 

284,504 

54,545 

51,532 

50,415 

51,707 

53,787 

54,130 

52,740 

52,767 

52,765 

14,613 

10,003 

10,463 

12,349 

14,002 

18,997 

28,378 

21,741 

12,363 

15,878 

26,772 

10,310 

14,365 

9,224 

12,831 

10,211 

13,397 

12,913 

11,179 

10,287 

10,349 

10,492 

9,683 

9,253 

7,564 

7,053 

6,958 

9,953 

6,651 

5,648 

5,324 

8,872 

7,402 

6,845 

6,568 

7,861 

claim incurred 

2,366,525 

284,504 

52,765 

10,492 

6,958 

7,861 

5,324 

9,224 

14,365 

26,772 

21,741 

2,806,531 

Cumulative claim payments 

to date 

(2,352,667) 

(280,967) 

(50,641) 

(10,321) 

(6,096) 

(4,884) 

(3,836) 

(6,810) 

(9,427) 

(6,625) 

(6,198) 

(2,738,472) 

Net unpaid claims 

Impact of discounting 

Impact of PfAD 

Present value of net unpaid 

13,858 

3,537 

2,124 

171 

862 

2,977 

1,488 

2,414 

4,938 

20,147 

15,543 

68,059 

- 

- 

1 

1 

- 

4 

(5) 

22 

(21) 

91 

(60) 

382 

(43) 

249 

(87) 

(181) 

(882) 

(684) 

(1,962) 

361 

650 

1,996 

1,890 

5,646 

claims with PfAD 

13,858 

3,539 

2,128 

188 

932 

3,299 

1,694 

2,688 

5,407 

21,261 

16,749 

71,743 

Add: Net discounted reserves 

on life contracts 

Total unpaid claims and LAE 

Note 9 – Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

As at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets consists of: 

As at December 31,  

Premiums receivable 
Accrued investment income 
Tax recoveries 
Funds held by ceding companies 
Prepaid expenses 
Derivative assets 

Executive share purchase plan receivable (see Note 25) 

Interest receivable 

Miscellaneous assets 

2017 

20,552 
909 
477 
374 
224 
152 

- 

- 
484 

23,172 

68,896 

140,639 

2016 

17,887 
865 
432 
406 
175 

- 
1,542 

356 

406 

22,069 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 10 – Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

As at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities consist of: 

As at December 31,  

Deposits in trust 
Accrued liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Investment contract liabilities 
Share based payment plan 
Severance 

Taxes payable 

Derivative liabilities 

Note 11 – Risk management 

2017 

6,592 
6,576 
3,586 
2,856 
185 

- 

- 

- 
19,795 

2016 

4,179 
4,238 
5,786 
2,750 
4,262 
440 

3,501 

278 

25,434 

As a provider of insurance products, effective risk management is critical to the Company’s ability to protect the interests 
of  its  stakeholders.    The  most  significant  risks  include  those  associated  with  insurance  contracts  and  holding  financial 
instruments.    The  Company  has  policies  and  procedures  governing  the  identification,  measurement,  monitoring, 
mitigating  and  controlling  of  risks  associated  with  insurance  contracts  and  holding  financial  instruments.    The  most 
significant  risk  associate  with  insurance  contracts  is  insurance  risk,  which  includes  pricing  risk,  concentration  risk  and 
reserving  risk.    The  significant  risks  associated  with  financial  instruments  are  credit  risk,  liquidity  risk  and  market  risk 
(comprising currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity risk).   

The  following  sections  describe  how  the  Company  manages  both  its  insurance  risk  as  well  as  risks  associated  with 
financial instruments. 

11.1 

Insurance risk 

Insurance risk is the risk that the ultimate cost of claims and LAE, as well as acquisition expenses, related to insurance 
contracts will exceed premiums received in respect of those contracts. This could occur because either the frequency or 
severity of claims is greater than expected.  

The  Company’s  objective  for  managing  insurance  risk  is  to  minimize  the  risk  through  effective  use  of  underwriting 
guidelines,  claims  and  expense  management,  and  reinsurance,  while  continuing  to  grow  and  to  achieve  profitable 
underwriting  results  within  its  identified  product  lines.  To  achieve  that  objective,  senior  management  has  developed 
underwriting  and  pricing  guidelines  to  be  followed  when  issuing  bonds  and  policies  or  assuming  reinsurance  risk.  In 
addition  to  that,  careful  oversight  is  applied  to  all  aspects  of  the  underwriting  process  to  ensure  that  guidelines  are 
followed.  Furthermore, the Company regularly reviews its underwriting and pricing guidelines to ensure that they reflect 
emerging trends in its existing business and in the marketplace.   

The  insurance  risks  associated  with  insurance  contracts  underwritten  by  the  Company  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
variables such as estimated loss ratios and estimated claims settlement costs, which are sensitive to various assumptions 
which can impact the estimation of claims liabilities (see Note 2.14).  

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.1 

Insurance risk (continued) 

Some additional factors that impact insurance risk include pricing risk,  concentration risk and reserving risk, which are 
described below: 

a) 

Pricing risk 

Pricing risk is the risk that an insurance product has been priced with assumptions about claims and LAE activity that are 
different  from  the  actual  experience  of  that  product  line.  The  Company’s  pricing  guideline  are  designed  such  that 
premium rates take into account claims frequency and severity, expense levels, investment  returns and profit margins 
required to support a particular product line.   The Company reviews pricing assumptions regularly to ensure that they 
reflect  the  latest  claims  experience  and  current  market  conditions.  The  Company  mitigates  the  impact  of  pricing  risk 
through the application of pricing guidelines in the underwriting process, and through the employment of experienced 
underwriting staff.  

b) 

Reserving risk 

Reserving  risk  is  the  risk  that  future  claims  and  LAE  arising  on  past  exposure  periods  exceed  the  liability  recorded  in 
respect of unpaid claims and LAE.  The Company’s management of reserving risk is discussed in Note 2.14.   

c) 

Concentration of insurance risk 

Concentration  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company’s  insurance  products  are  concentrated  within  a  particular  geographic 
area,  particular  class  of  business,  or  a  particular  insured,  thereby  increasing  the  exposure  of  the  Company  to  a  single 
event or a series of related events. Concentration of risk could arise as a result of a single bondholder having multiple 
bonds  outstanding,  or  as  a  result  of  a  large  number  of  insurance  or  reinsurance  contracts  issued  for  a  similar  class  of 
business or geographic area. Concentrations of risk can arise from either high-severity or low-frequency events, such as 
natural disasters and from situations where the underwriting of risk is biased towards a particular area of risk, such as a 
particular type of business or a particular geographic region.  

To  mitigate  the  impact  of  concentration  of  risk,  the  Company  applies  risk  management  practices  in  its  underwriting 
guidelines,  and  regularly  reviews  its  portfolio  of  insurance  risks  for  high  concentrations  and  aggregations  of  risk  and 
makes adjustments as needed in order to ensure that a diversified portfolio is maintained across geographic regions and 
different  product  lines.  The  Company  also  uses  a  number  of  modeling  tools  to  monitor  the  diversification  across  the 
portfolio  and  actively  manages  its  reinsurance  programs  and  collateral  requirements  in  order  to  maintain  net  claims 
within its risk tolerance. 

The  following  table  shows  the  mix  of  the  Company’s  policies  by  product  line  and  geography,  which  reflects  the 
Company’s diversification of insurance risk: 

December 31, 2017 
U.S. 

Canada 

December 31, 2016 

Other 

Canada 

U.S. 

Other 

Surety 

Corporate insurance 

Risk solutions 

Direct premiums written 

Life 

Property & casualty  

Assumed reinsurance 

Gross premiums written 

48,815 

         32,718 

64,190 

145,723 

- 

- 

- 

875 

- 

- 

875 

- 

- 

- 

145,723 

875 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
165 

165 

165 

43,247 

         31,761 

         49,290 

504 

- 

- 

         124,298 

         504 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

         124,298 

504 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
163 

163 

163 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.1 

Insurance risk (continued) 

d) 

i) 

Sensitivity to insurance risk 

Property and casualty business of Trisura Guarantee and Trisura International 

The  insurance  risks  associated  with  the  lines  of  business  underwritten  by  the  Company  are  sensitive  to  various 
assumptions which can impact the estimation of claims liabilities. The relevant risk variables for the Company’s Property 
and Casualty lines of business associated with the estimation of claims liabilities are subject to assumptions that include 
the estimated loss ratio as well as the estimated claims settlement costs.  The loss ratio is used to calculate losses of the 
Company  with  respect  to  its  ongoing  property  and  casualty  insurance  operations  as  a  percentage  of  net  premiums 
earned.    Below  is  an  analysis  showing  the  impact  of  a  5%  increase  in  the  loss  ratio,  as  a  percentage  of  net  earned 
premium,  and  a  5%  increase  in  claims  settlement  costs  of  the  property  and  casualty  claims  reserves,  based  on  an 
increase in the current net unpaid claims balance.  Such variances in the estimation were considered reasonably possible 
during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.  The impacts described in the table below are independent of one 
another.  A 5% decrease to the loss ratio and a 5% decrease in claims settlement costs would have the opposite effect on 
comprehensive (loss) income and shareholders’ equity. 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Sensitivity factor 

Impact on comprehensive (loss) income 

Impact on shareholders’ equity 

5% increase to loss ratio 
5% increase to claims settlement costs 

(3,964) 
(3,484) 

(3,605) 
(3,093) 

(2,905) 
(2,786) 

(2,649) 
(2,526) 

ii) 

Life business of Trisura International 

The  Company’s  life  reserves  are  held  in  respect  of  a  book  of  deferred  annuities  with  guaranteed  annuity  conversion 
options (“GAO”).  A significant risk factor in relation to these reserves is the proportion of policyholders who take up the 
GAO upon retirement. The following table shows the impact on reserves of a 100 basis point change in the GAO take-up 
rate. 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in GAO take-up rate 

100 basis point decrease in GAO take-up rate 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Impact on comprehensive (loss) income from 
change in average reserve 

1,117 
(1,135) 

1,065 
(1,065) 

Unpaid claims and LAE are also sensitive to interest rates due to the time value of money.  The impact of the interest 
rate sensitivity on unpaid claims is shown in Note 11.4(b).  The structured insurance assets are sensitive to changes in 
lapse rates.  The impact of lapse rate sensitivity on the structured insurance assets is shown in Note 5. 

11.2 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the Company to 
incur  a  financial  loss.    Credit  risk  arises  mainly  from  investments  in  bonds  and  short-term  securities,  the  structured 
insurance assets, and balances receivable from insurance brokers and reinsurers. 

For  debt  securities,  the  Company  manages  its  credit  risk  by  placing limits  on  its  exposure  to  a  single  counterparty,  by 
reference  to  the  credit  rating  of  the  counterparty  or,  where  a  rating  is  not  available  by  assigning  an  internal  rating 
equivalent  based  on  market  comparables  for  the  counterparty  or  based  on  the  collateral  supporting the  counterparty 
risk.  Management monitors credit quality on an on-going basis and reviews the investment portfolio.  

For  the  structured  insurance  assets,  the  Company  minimizes  its  credit  exposure  through  transacting  with  investment 
grade counterparties.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

For  Premiums  receivable,  the  Company  uses  insurance  brokers  as  intermediaries  for  the  distribution  of  its  product 
offerings  and  is  therefore  subject  to  the  risk  that  these  brokers  fail  to  remit  the  premiums  they  have  collected  on  its 
behalf.    The  Company  only  deals  with  licensed  brokers  with  which  it  has  entered  into  a  contract  that  details,  among 
other things, the broker’s responsibilities and payment obligations.  Further, the Company monitors accounts receivable 
from each broker and follows-up all past due amounts to ensure satisfactory collection arrangements are in place.  As at 
December 31, 2017, $1,735 of premiums receivable was past due but not considered to be impaired (December 31, 2016 
– $1,429). 

As  at  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  has  Miscellaneous  assets  that  include  amounts  that  are  past  due  and  are 
recorded net of an allowance for impairment of $955 (2016 – $1,023) based on management’s estimate given the age 
and circumstances surrounding the past due amounts.  As at December 31, 2017, $125 of Miscellaneous assets was past 
due but not considered impaired (December 31, 2016 – $134). 

For recoverables from reinsurers, the Company applies its reinsurance risk management policy to manage the credit risk 
associated with these balances. The Company is ultimately at risk on the limits of coverage provided under its product 
offerings, regardless of whether it has ceded a portion of this exposure to reinsurers.  If a reinsurer is unwilling or unable 
to satisfy its obligations, the Company does not have the right to correspondingly reduce its claims payment obligations.  
The Company’s general practice is to use only licensed reinsurers that have a minimum A.M. Best credit rating of A-, and 
management  monitors  these  ratings  on  a  regular  basis.    Furthermore,  the  Company’s  reinsurance  risk  management 
policy  places  limits  on  the  participation  of  individual  reinsurers  in  the  Company’s  reinsurance  arrangements.    These 
participations and limits are reviewed regularly. 

When the Company uses an unlicensed reinsurer in Canada, it is required to establish a custodial account secured under 
a reinsurance security agreement, post a letter of credit or provide other forms of security in an amount equal to at least 
115% of the unearned premium, unpaid claims and LAE on business ceded to it. 

For  funds  withheld  by  ceding  companies,  credit  risk  is  monitored  regularly  by  experienced  staff.    Funds  withheld  by 
ceding companies relate to the Company’s reinsurance business and credit risk is mitigated by contractual rights to offset 
amounts receivable against claims and other amounts payable.  The Company periodically obtains letters of credit from 
counterparties to collateralize some of these and potential future receivables.   

Derivative assets and other assets are carefully monitored with reference to the credit quality of the counter-party, and 
an impairment allowance is made if deemed appropriate.  

There  is  considered  to  be  no  credit  risk  associated  with  the  Executive  share  purchase  plan as  payments  are  deducted 
from participants’ monthly payroll and in the event of a departure, participants are required to sell their shares and use 
proceeds to settle amounts owing to the Company. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

a) 

Maximum exposure to credit risk of the Company 

The  following  table  sets  out  the  Company’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  related  to  financial  instruments.    The 
maximum credit exposure is the carrying value of the asset net of any allowances for losses. 

As at 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Bonds 
     Government 
     Corporate 
Mortgage backed securities 
Asset backed securities 
Structured settlements 
Premiums receivable 
Accrued investment income 
Funds held by ceding companies 
Derivative assets 

Other assets 

165,675 

48,054 
80,063 
314 
36 
12,566 
20,552 
909 
374 
152 

961 

329,656 

122,096 

57,916 
76,035 
476 
41 
15,129 
17,887 
864 
406 

- 
1,184 

292,034 

b) 

Concentration of credit risk of the Company 

Concentrations of credit risk can arise from exposures to a single debtor, a group of related debtors or groups of debtors 
that have similar risk characteristics, for example the may operate in the same or similar industries.  The following table 
provides details of the fair value of fixed income securities by industry sector: 

As at 

Government 
Financial 
Real estate 
Industrials 
Infrastructure 
Automotive 
Power and pipelines 
Consumer discretionary 
Retail 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

48,054 
40,959 
10,514 
9,947 
5,816 
5,624 
4,482 
3,071 

- 

128,467 

57,916 
38,448 
5,654 
12,327 
5,942 
2,026 
8,026 
3,117 
1,012 

134,468 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

c) 

Asset quality 

The following table summarizes the credit ratings for fixed income securities and cash equivalents: 

As at 

Fixed income securities 
     AAA 
     AA 
     A 
     BBB 
     Below BBB 

Cash equivalents 
     R-1 (medium) 

     R-1 (low) 

11.3 

Liquidity risk 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

11,569 
32,062 
52,727 
30,425 
1,684 

128,467 

56,680 

25,858 

82,538 

211,005 

20,022 
30,140 
45,137 
37,316 
1,853 

134,468 

- 
8,687 

8,687 

143,155 

Liquidity  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company  will  encounter  difficulty  in  meeting  obligations  associated  with  financial 
liabilities  that  are  settled  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.    Liquidity  risk  may  arise  from  a  number  of 
potential areas including, for example, duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. 

Generally,  the  Company’s  financial  liabilities  are  settled  by  delivering  cash  and  it  is  able  to  rely  on  the  cash  flow 
generated from its operations to satisfy its liquidity requirements, which are primarily operating expenses and claims and 
loss adjustment payments. 

By their nature, the timing and quantum of claims and  loss adjustment payments are subject to significant uncertainty 
and  are  estimated  actuarially  as  set  out  in  Note  2.14.    Although  the  Company  has  reinsurance  treaties  in  place  under 
which a portion of the claims payments may be recovered, including by way of set off against premiums payable to the 
reinsurers, such recoveries usually follow the making of payments and often with delays of a number of months.  Hence 
the Company must have access to sufficient liquid resources to fund gross amounts payable when required. 

To  manage  its  liquidity  requirements,  the  Company  maintains  a  minimum  balance  of  cash and  cash  equivalents  and  a 
highly  rated,  highly  liquid  investment  portfolio.    The  Company’s  investment  policy  sets  out  minimum  criteria  for  the 
credit quality of each class of investment held.  In addition, the investment policy stipulates average duration of bonds 
and maximum maturity limits.  For common shares, preferred shares and income and investment trusts limitations are 
placed on exposure to any one issuer.   

The Company also manages the liquidity risk associated with its assumed reinsurance liabilities through its asset liability 
matching processes. The long-tailed nature of much of the Company’s reinsurance business also reduces the likelihood 
of sudden or unexpected spikes in claim payment requirements.   

The Company periodically pledges assets under insurance and reinsurance trust arrangements  which are therefore not 
readily available for general use by the Company (see Note 4.3).  

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.3 

Liquidity risk (continued) 

The following tables set out the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by contractual maturity. 

As at December 31, 2017 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Cash 
Total investments 

Structured insurance assets 

Premiums receivable 

Other financial assets 

Reinsurers’ share of claims reserves 
Financial and insurance assets (1) 

- 

13,631 
1,992 

18,841 

2,567 

14,385 

51,416 

- 

89,508 
5,772 

1,711 

53 

20,128 

117,172 

- 

24,977 
4,801 

- 

- 
3,733 

33,511 

As at December 31, 2016 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Cash 
Total investments 

Structured insurance assets 

Premiums receivable 

Other financial assets 

Reinsurers’ share of claims reserves 
Financial and insurance assets (1) 

- 

15,629 
2,356 

15,988 

2,222 

9,204 

45,399 

- 

73,626 
6,943 

1,899 

62 

13,264 

95,794 

- 

45,213 
5,830 

- 

- 
2,208 

53,251 

No specific 
maturity 

165,675 

49,960 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

165,675 

178,076 
12,565 

20,552 

2,620 

38,246 

215,635 

417,734 

No specific 
maturity 

122,096 

44,796 

- 

- 
1,898 

- 

Total 

122,096 

179,264 
15,129 

17,887 

4,182 

24,676 

168,790 

363,234 

(1) 

Deferred acquisition costs and reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums have been excluded as they are not subject to any 
liquidity risk. 

As at December 31, 2017 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Loans payable 

Other financial liabilities 

Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

48,205 
17,555 

- 

12,240 

78,000 

92,886 

31,470 

- 

29,700 

883 

123,469 

- 

- 

- 

31,470 

As at December 31, 2016 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Other financial liabilities 

Loans payable 

Liabilities to participating shareholders 
Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

37,288 

13,461 

18,984 

- 

- 

89,309 

- 
1,637 

34,100 

31,520 

- 

- 

- 

- 

69,733 

125,046 

31,520 

(2)  Undiscounted and excluding PfADs. 
(3)  Unearned premiums have been excluded as they are not subject to any liquidity risk. 

No specific 
maturity 

3,558 

- 

- 
6,672 

10,230 

No specific 
maturity 

- 

- 
4,813 

- 

16,008 

20,821 

Total 

176,119 
17,555 

29,700 

19,795 

243,169 

Total 

158,117 

13,461 

25,434 

34,100 

16,008 

247,120 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.4 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of  changes 
in market prices.  Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity price risk. 

a) 

Currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes 
in foreign exchange rates.  The Company has operations in the United States and Canada, as well as European exposure 
through  its  reinsurance  operations  and  therefore  has  exposure  to  currency  risk  arising  from  fluctuations  in  exchange 
rates  of  the  Canadian  and  Euro  against  the  United  States  dollar.    The  foreign  currency  positions  of  the  Company  are 
monitored quarterly and the Company uses derivatives to manage foreign exchange risks where a material unmatched 
foreign  exchange  position  exists.    As  at  December  31,  2017  and  December  31,  2016,  the  short  position  in  Euro  was 
hedged by a forward currency exchange contract.  

The  following  tables  summarize  the  carrying  value  of  total  assets  and  total  liabilities  of  the  Company  categorized  by 
major currency.  All amounts below are converted to Canadian dollar equivalents:  

As at December 31, 2017 

CDN 

USD 

EUR 

Other 

Total 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 

314,107 
273,999 

40,108 

109,796 
21,972 

87,824 

63,925 
71,223 

 (7,298) 

532 
 (336) 

868 

488,360 
366,858 

121,502 

As at December 31, 2016 

CDN 

USD 

EUR 

Other 

Total 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 
Net assets 

257,865 
240,471 

17,394 

91,299 
30,013 

61,286 

68,604 
77,941 

 (9,337) 

1,633 
88 

1,545 

419,401 
348,513 

70,888 

The assets and liabilities above were translated at exchange rates at the reporting date and are stated before taking into 
account the effect of forward currency exchange contracts. 

b) 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates.  Bonds, structured insurance 
assets and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of bonds, to the extent they are held to 
maturity, the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the original yield to maturity.  The fair value of 
bonds, change inversely with changes in market rates of interest, with greater impact to bonds with longer durations.   

The Company’s unpaid claims balance is also subject to interest rate risk, in particular the Company’s life reserves which 
have longer durations. 

The  Company  manages  its  interest  rate  risk  through  its  investment  policy  which  considers  average  duration  of  bonds 
held and maximum maturity limit as well as asset liability matching.  

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

11.4 

Market risk (continued) 

b) 

Interest rate risk (continued) 

As at December 31, 2017 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase parallel shift in the yield 
curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 
100 basis point decrease parallel shift in the yield 
curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

As at December 31, 2016 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase parallel shift in the yield 
curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 
100 basis point decrease parallel shift in the yield 
curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

c) 

Equity price risk 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred shares) 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
(loss) income 

 (7,704) 

 (544) 

 (22,243) 

 14,826 

8,804 

592 

29,175 

(20,668) 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred shares) 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
(loss) income 

 (9,649) 

 (661) 

 (22,675) 

 13,490 

10,575 

719 

24,335 

(14,122) 

Equity price risk is the uncertainty associated with the valuation of assets arising from changes in equity markets. 

The  Company’s  exposure  to  equity  price  risk  is  managed  and  mitigated  through  its  investment  policy  which  sets  out 
maximum  exposures  to  equities  at  aggregate  and  per  issuer  levels  as  well  as  requiring  diversification  across  different 
industry sectors. 

As at 

December 31, 2017  December 31, 2016 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Sensitivity factor 
10% increase in equity prices 
(excluding preferred shares) 
10% decrease in equity prices 
(excluding preferred shares) 

Impact on comprehensive (loss) income (1) 

Impact on fair value of investment portfolio 

 2,544 

(2,544) 

2,216 

(2,216) 

3,410 

(3,410) 

2,974 

(2,974) 

(1) 

The  methodology  used  to  calculate  the  latter  change  is  based  on  10%  of  the  fair  value  of  the  equities  (excluding  preferred 
shares), net of tax, at the balance sheet dates. 

Note 12 – Reinsurance 

The Company uses reinsurance in the ordinary course of business to reduce its exposure to any one claim or event under 
the  policies  it  issues.    A  large  portion  of  this  reinsurance  is  affected  under  reinsurance  agreements  known  as  treaty 
reinsurance.  In some instances, it is negotiated on a facultative (one-off) basis for individual policies, generally when the 
exposures under these policies are not sufficiently mitigated by the treaty reinsurance.   

Reinsurance does not relieve the Company of its obligations to policyholders.  A contingent liability exists with respect to 
reinsurance  ceded  which  would  become  a  liability  of  the  Company  in  the  event  that  any  reinsurer  fails  to  honour  its 
obligations.  For this reason, the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration 
of credit risk to minimize its exposure to losses from reinsurer insolvencies.   All licensed reinsurers providing treaty or 
facultative  reinsurance  policies  are  required  to  have  a  minimum  A.M.  Best  credit  rating of  A-  at  the  inception  of  each 
policy.    Provisions  are  incorporated  in  the  treaties  to  protect  the  Company  in  the  event  a  reinsurer’s  credit  rating 
deteriorates  during  the  term  of  the  reinsurance  treaty.  Unlicensed  reinsurers  must  post  an  agreed  upon  level  of 
collateral.   

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                    
                                    
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 12 – Reinsurance (continued) 

The Company has determined that a provision is not required for potentially uncollectible reinsurance as at  December 
31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. 

The following table summarizes the components of reinsurance assets as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

As at December 31, 

Reinsurers’ share of claims liabilities (see Note 8.1) 
Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums (see Note 7.2) 

2017 

38,246 
27,008 

65,254 

2016 

24,676 
22,444 

47,120 

Note 13 – Capital assets  

The Company’s capital assets consist of the following as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

As at December 31, 2017 

Leasehold improvements 
Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

As at December 31, 2016 

Leasehold improvements 
Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

Note 14 – Intangible assets  

Cost 

1,196 
1,125 
929 
3,250 

Cost 

1,196 
1,163 
1,105 
3,464 

Accumulated 
depreciation 

Carrying value 

 (502) 
 (938) 
 (725) 
 (2,165) 

694 
187 
204 
1,085 

Accumulated 
depreciation 

Carrying value 

(413) 
(963) 
 (842) 
 (2,218) 

783 
200 
263 
1,246 

Intangible assets consist of the computer software components of the Company’s policy management system, document 
management system and online portal.  They are being amortized at a rate of 40%, using the declining balance method. 

Intangible  assets  also  include  the  acquisition  of  two  customer  lists  which  were  each  acquired  for  $800.    One  was 
purchased in 2014 and another in 2017 each from other insurance companies.  Both lists are being amortized at a rate of 
20% using the declining balance method. 

The final purchase price of the customer list purchased in 2017 is contingent on revenue generated from the list over the 
following two years, subject to a fixed price of $500.  The $800 of consideration paid included the $500 fixed price plus 
$300  of  contingent  consideration.    As  at  December  31,  2017  management’s  estimate  of  the  contingent  consideration 
that will ultimately be required to be paid is $300. 

The price of the customer list purchased in 2014 was contingent on revenue generated from the list over the two years 
ending October 2016, subject to a fixed price of $600.  The $800 of consideration paid included the $600 fixed price plus 
$200 of contingent consideration.  In October 2016 the final price of the customer list was calculated and determined to 
be $765. As a result, a portion of the contingent consideration was refunded to Trisura in November 2016. This amount 
of $35 was booked to income in November 2016. The original consideration paid of $800 will continue to be amortized 
using the 20% declining balance rate.  

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 14 – Intangible assets (continued) 

Computer 
software 
389 
178 

(192) 
375 

December 31, 2017 

Customer list 

481 
800 

(129) 
1,152 

Total 

870 
978 

(321) 
1,527 

December 31, 2016 

Customer list 

Total 

Computer 
software 

342 
227 

(180) 

389 

602 

- 
(121) 

481 

944 
227 

(301) 

870 

Opening, carrying value 
Additions 

Amortization 

Closing, carrying value 

Note 15 – Restructuring costs 

In 2008, TIHL announced that it had ceased writing new business. As a result, provisions were made for severance costs 
related  to  employees  whose  positions  may  become  redundant  and  were  recorded  in  Accounts  payable,  accrued  and 
other  liabilities.    The  provision  was  established  based  on  TIHL’s  business  plans.    The  movement  in  the  severance 
provision for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows: 

Balance at beginning of the year 
Additional accrual 

Adjustments for over accruals 

Amounts paid 
Adjustment for foreign exchange movements 

Balance at end of year 

Note 16 – Capital management 

2017 

2016 

440 

- 

- 
(405) 
(35) 

- 

551 
85 

(165) 

(19) 
(12) 

440 

The  Company’s  capital  is  its  shareholders’  equity,  which  consists  of  common  shares,  preferred  shares,  accumulated 
(deficit)  retained  earnings  and  accumulated  other  comprehensive  (loss)  income.  The  Company  reviews  its  capital 
structure  on  a  regular  basis  to  ensure  an  appropriate  capital  structure  in  keeping  with  all  regulatory,  business  and 
shareholder obligations. 

Oversight  of  the  capital  of  the  Company  rests  with  management  and  the  board  of  directors.    Their  objectives  are 
twofold: (i)  to  ensure  the  Company  is  prudently  capitalized  relative  to  the  amount  and  type  of  risks  assumed  and  the 
requirements  established  by  the  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  the  Company’s  regulated  subsidiaries;  and  (ii)  to 
ensure shareholders receive an appropriate return on their investment. 

16.1 

Regulatory capital 

a) 

Trisura Guarantee 

Under  guidelines  established  by  the  Office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Financial  Institutions  which  apply  to  Trisura 
Guarantee,  Canadian  property  and  casualty  insurance  companies  must  maintain  minimum  levels  of  capital  as 
determined  in  accordance  with  a  prescribed  test,  the  minimum  capital  test  (“MCT”),  which  expresses  available  capital 
(actual  capital  plus  or  minus  specified  adjustments)  as  a  percentage  of  required  capital.    Companies  are  expected  to 
maintain MCT level of at least 150% and are further required to establish their own unique target MCT levels based on 
the  nature  of  their  operations  and  the  business  they  write.    Management,  with  the  board  of  directors’  approval,  has 
established  Trisura  Guarantee’s  target  MCT  level  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.    Trisura  Guarantee  has 
exceeded this measure as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

16.1 

Regulatory capital (continued) 

b) 

Trisura International 

Trisura International is subject to externally imposed regulatory capital requirements in Barbados.   As at December 31, 
2017,  Trisura  International  was  required  to  maintain  minimum  capital  totaling  $157,  including its  subsidiary  (see  Note 
16.1(c)),  and  it  has  exceeded  this  requirement  (December  31,  2016  –  Excluding  Trisura  International’s  capital 
requirements through its subsidiary, Trisura International was required to maintain capital of $162, and it exceeded this 
requirement, Trisura International and its subsidiary were required to maintain aggregate minimum capital $5,270, and 
they exceeded this requirement).  This amount is restricted from potential dividend payments. 

c) 

Imagine Asset Services dac 

Imagine Asset Services dac (“IASD”), a subsidiary of  Trisura International, was regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland 
until June 7, 2017.  On that date, the Central Bank of Ireland approved the application by IASD to cancel its reinsurance 
authorization following the termination of all its reinsurance contracts.  Consequently, from that date forward, IASD was 
no  longer  required  to  maintain  any  regulatory  capital  requirements.    As  at  December  31,  2016,  IASD  was  required  to 
maintain minimum capital of $5,108 and it exceeded this requirement. 

d) 

Trisura Specialty 

Trisura  Specialty  is  subject  to  externally  imposed  regulatory  capital  requirements  by  the  Oklahoma  Insurance 
Department  as  a  Domestic  Surplus  Line  Insurer.   As  at  December  31,  2017, Trisura  Specialty  was  required  to  maintain 
minimum capital and surplus totaling $18,818, and it has exceeded this requirement. 

Note 17 – Loan payable 

On August 4, 2016, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an arrangement with a Canadian Schedule I bank to borrow 
$35,000  for  the  purpose  of  redeeming  the  balance  of  its  Class  A  common  shares  outstanding  at  that  time,  as  well  as 
issuing a dividend to pay the $16,100 of accumulated value accretion associated with those shares owing to Brookfield.  

The  credit  arrangement  was  arranged  by  way  of  a  five-year  lending  facility  funded  through  short  term  banker’s 
acceptance  or  Canadian  prime  rate  advances.  The  rate  is  based  on  the  current  periods’  bankers’  acceptance  rate  or 
Canadian prime rate, plus a margin. The loan balance is accounted for at amortized cost, which is equal to the carrying 
value. The minimum required annual payment consists only of interest, with no mandatory principal payments required.  

As part of the covenants of the loan, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios, which were fully met 
as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  incurred  $1,009  of  interest  expense  (December  31,  2016  – 
$481). As at December 31, 2017, the loan balance was $29,700 (December 31, 2016 – $34,100). 

Note 18 – Share capital 

The Company’s authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number 
of non-voting shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series).   

The impact of the Reorganization Transaction on share capital was to increase common shares to $140,270.  The impact 
of  this  transaction  on  retained  earnings  was  to  reduce  retained  earnings  by  $31,631  being  the  difference  between 
consideration paid for Brookfield’s interest in 643 Can Ltd and the book value of 643 Can Ltd as at June 15, 2017. The 
impact  of  the  reorganization  on  share  capital  was  an  adjustment  to  share  capital  of  $(9,618)  and  an  adjustment  to 
retained  earnings  of  $(90,891),  which  is  inclusive  of  the  reduction  in  retained  earnings  of  $31,631  described  above.  
These adjustments reflect the impact of moving from a presentation of financial statements on a combined basis, to a 
presentation of financial statements on a consolidated basis. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 18 – Share capital (continued) 

On November 30, 2017, the Company exchanged the shares of 643 Can Ltd that were then owned by certain current and 
retired members of the management of Trisura Guarantee (“Management”) for newly issued common shares, and Class 
A,  Series  1,  preferred  shares  of  TGL.    As  a  result  of  this  transaction,  the  Company  issued  to  management  963,143 
common  shares  from  treasury  and  64,000  preferred  shares.    The  impact  of  the  transaction  was  an  increase  to  share 
capital  by  $28,944  and  a  reduction  to  retained  earnings  by  $9,303.    The  minority  interests  were  reclassified  from  a 
liability to a reduction in retained earnings. 

Consideration also included notes payable by the Company that were used by Management to repay shareholder loans 
owing to 643 Can Ltd which were outstanding at the time. 

Holders of the preferred shares are entitled to a cumulative dividend of 6%, payable quarterly, at a fixed rate of 6%.  The 
dividend  rate  will  be  reset  on  December  31,  2022  and  every  five  years  thereafter  at  a  rate  equal  to  the  five-year 
government of Canada bond yield plus 7.5%.  The Company has the right to redeem preferred shares at any time on 30 
to 60 days notice. 

On  December  11,  2017,  the  Company  held  a  special  meeting  of  shareholders  and  approved  a  one-for-ten  share 
consolidation of its common shares, followed immediately by a ten-to-one share split by way of a share distribution.  The 
impact of this transaction on share capital was to reduce shares outstanding by 154,815 shares, and a reduction to share 
capital of $4,031.  

The following tables show the common and preferred shares issued and outstanding: 

December 31, 2017 

Balance, beginning of the year 

Common shares issued 
Common shares redeemed 

Balance, end of year 

December 31, 2017 

Balance, beginning of the year 

Preferred shares issued 
Preferred shares redeemed 

Balance, end of year 

Common shares 

Number of shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

- 

6,776,495 
(154,815) 

6,621,680 

- 

167,613 
(4,031) 

163,582 

Preferred shares 

Number of shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

- 
64,000 

- 
64,000 

- 
1,600 

- 
1,600 

At December 31, 2017, the Company had declared and paid a dividend of $0.13 (in dollars) per share for each Class A, 
Series 1, preferred share. The consolidated common share capital of the Company as at December 31, 2017 was 
$163,582 (combined common share capital as at December 31, 2016 – $9,618). 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 19 – Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to commons shareholders for the 
period from June 22, 2017 to December 31, 2017 by the weighted-average number of common shares.  As at December 
31, 2017, basic EPS is equal to diluted EPS. 

Net income attributable to shareholders 
Less: Dividends declared on preferred shares, net of tax 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares) 
EPS – basic (in dollars) 

Note 20 – Investment Income 

December 31, 2017 

2,218 
(8) 
2,210 
5,959,229 
0.37 

The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Available-for-sale bonds 
Interest on executive share purchase plan 
Interest expense on notes payable 

Net interest income 

Available-for-sale income and investment trust units 
Available-for-sale common shares 
Available-for-sale preferred shares 

Business and dividend income 

Unrealized (loss) on investments held at FVTPL 
Investment income on funds held by ceding companies 

Commission income on assets at FVTPL 
Investment expenses 

Other investments (expense) income 

Available-for-sale income and investment trust units 

Available-for-sale bonds 
Available-for-sale common shares 
Available-for-sale preferred shares 

Gain on disposition of investments 

Impairment on investments 

2017 

689 
3,236 
56 
(9) 

3,972 

165 
941 
707 

1,813 

(7,717) 

- 
2,379 
(577) 

(130) 

- 
5,758 
24 
80 

5,862 

(321) 

5,411 

2016 

417 
4,371 
72 
(24) 

4,836 

3 
739 
655 

1,397 

(2,900) 
418 

4,940 
(531) 

8,160 

313 

6,825 
14 

- 

7,152 

(2,888) 

12,424 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 21 – Letters of credit  

Effective  November  18,  2008,  a  subsidiary  of  the  Company  entered  into  a  letter  of  credit  facility  with  a  Canadian 
Schedule  I  bank  (the  “Facility”).    This  Facility  was  terminated  on  June  9,  2017.    In  prior  periods,  the  bank  agreed  to 
provide letters of credit on an unsecured basis (total capacity as at December 31, 2016 – $8,066).  Letters of credit under 
the Facility matured 364 days from the date of issuance on an evergreen basis, meaning that they automatically renewed 
each year unless utilized by the letter of credit beneficiary. Under the Facility, TIHL and/or certain of its subsidiaries were 
required to maintain certain covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth covenant that applied to TIHL only.  As 
at December 31, 2017, the Facility was terminated and no letters of credit had been issued (December 31, 2016 – four 
totaling $7,697). As at December 31, 2016, TIHL was in compliance with all of the covenants under the Facility. 

Note 22 – Lease commitments 

The  Company  occupies  office  facilities  under  leases  that  expire  on  or  before  May  31,  2026,  inclusive  of  a  five  year 
renewal option.  The minimum annual rental commitments under these  operating leases, exclusive of taxes and other 
operating expenses, are as follows: 

2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
Thereafter 

Note 23 – Benefits 

December 31, 2017 

1,258 
1,140 
1,021 
578 
263 
617 

4,877 

The Company has established and contributes to a number of group retirement savings plan arrangements under which 
the Company makes contributions.  Contributions are charged to operating expense and are recognized as incurred.  One 
of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries operated  a  long-term  incentive plan  which  was  terminated  on  December  31,  2016,  and 
has been replaced with the cash-settled equity based plan described in Note 29.2. 

Note 24 – Related party transactions 

Prior to the Spin-off on June 22, 2017 the Company was a subsidiary of Brookfield, which was the ultimate controlling 
party of the Company as well as TIHL and 643 Can Ltd (see Note 1).     

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  have  entered  into  outsourcing  arrangements  with  Brookfield  and  its  affiliated 
companies with respect to the provision of information technology, internal audit, and investment management services 
and  the  services  of  a  Brookfield  employee  who  was  temporarily  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Company.    The 
Company leases office space from, and subleases office space to, subsidiaries of Brookfield.  The Company occasionally 
issues  surety  bonds  and  insurance  policies  to  subsidiaries  of  Brookfield,  and  earns  interest  income  from  deposits  with 
companies which are subsidiaries of Brookfield. These transactions are conducted in the normal course of business and 
are measured at the amount of consideration paid or established and agreed between the parties.   

A  subsidiary  of  the  Company  entered  into  a  tax  transfer  arrangement  with  Brookfield  in  2016  and  2017,  as  permitted 
under  applicable  income  tax  legislation  and  the  Act  and  during  2017,  it  made  a  payment  during  the  first  quarter  to 
Brookfield for taxes paid related to 2016 of $3,543 (second quarter of 2016 – $1,700 paid related to 2015).  During the 
first quarter of 2017, a subsidiary was paid a fee of $580 plus HST from Brookfield for services incurred in 2017. 

As at December 31, 2017, executive share purchase plan loans due from related parties amounted to $nil (December 31, 
2016 – $1,542).  Interest receivable of $nil related to this balance was due as at December 31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 
– $356).  During the year ended December 31, 2017, $6 of interest income was earned related to the shareholder loans 
(December 31, 2016 – $24).  These balances were settled as part of the transaction with Management described in Note 
18. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 24 – Related party transactions (continued) 

The  amount  due  to  related  parties  at  December  31,  2017  comprises  $42  (December  31,  2016  –  $37)  for  outsourced 
services provided.  

The following table shows the impact of transactions with related parties: 

Income and expenses reported in: 
     Total underwriting revenue 
     Operating expenses 
     Net investment income 
Assets and liabilities reported in: 
     Cash and cash equivalents 
     Premium, accounts receivable and other assets 
     Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 
Other cash transactions 

24.1 

Key management personnel 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

2,023 
2,054 
131 

- 
- 
42 
3,543 

567 
2,051 
202 

14,200 
1,897 
567 
1,700 

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  the  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and 
controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly, including any executive officers or directors of the Company. 

The following transactions were carried out with key management personnel during the years ended December 31, 2017 
and 2016:  

Salaries and other employee benefits 

Share-based payments 

Note 25 – Executive share purchase plan receivable 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

2,420 

229 

1,832 

- 

The Company administered two executive share purchase plans that were established in 2006 and 2012 (the “2006 Plan” 
and  the  “2012  Plan”,  respectively).    Under  the  2006  Plan,  employees  of  Trisura  Guarantee  could  purchase  common 
shares of 643 Can Ltd in return for notes payable, which bore interest at the prime rate of 643 Can Ltd’s primary lending 
institution plus 1%.  The loans did not have to be repaid, nor did interest have to be paid, until such time as the shares 
are sold or redeemed.  Under the 2012 Plan, employees could purchase shares in return for notes payable, which they 
were required to repay through semi-monthly payroll deductions, as well as 50% of their after-tax annual bonus, if any.  
The loans bore interest at a rate equal to the prime rate of 643 Can Ltd’s primary lending institution plus 1%.   

On  November  30,  2017,  these  loans  were  settled  by  way  of  consideration  paid  by  the  Company  in  exchange  for  the 
shares of 643 Can Ltd owned by management (see Note 18). 

Note 26 – Minority interests in subsidiary 

Under the terms of a unanimous shareholder agreement between the shareholders of 643 Can Ltd, the common shares 
owned by Management had a puttable feature which resulted in their being classified as financial liabilities in accordance 
with  IAS  32,  Financial  Instrument:  Presentation.    These  liabilities  were  measured  at  fair  value,  being  the  put  value 
ascribed  to  the  shares  under  the  unanimous  shareholder  agreement.    Assumptions  have  been  made  by  management 
regarding the put value, as the unanimous shareholder agreement had various clauses under which different values can 
be ascribed to the shares.   

On November 30, 2017, the shares of 643 Can Ltd, owned by Management, were exchanged with the Company for newly 
issued shares of the Company (see Note 18), this liability ceased to exist at that time.  As at December 31, 2017, the fair 
value of the liabilities was $nil (December 31, 2016 – $16,008). 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 27 – Segmented information 

The Company has three reportable segments.  The operations of 643 Can Ltd, referred to below as Trisura Guarantee, is 
one  reportable  segment  which  comprises  surety  solutions,  risk  solutions  and  corporate  insurance  solutions  products 
underwritten  in  Canada.    The  operations  of  TIHL,  referred  to  below  as  Trisura  International,  is  a  second  reportable 
segment  which  comprises  the  Company’s  international  reinsurance  operations.    Trisura  Specialty  is  a  third  operating 
segment,  which  will provide  specialty  insurance  solutions  underwritten  in  the  United  States.    Trisura  Specialty  did  not 
have active operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.   

The following table shows the results for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 

December 31, 2017 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 

Net claims 

Net expenses 

Total claims and expenses 

Net underwriting income (loss) 
Investment income 
Foreign exchange loss 

Interest expense 

Change in minority interests 

Net income (loss) before tax 

December 31, 2016 

Net premiums earned 
Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 

Net claims 
Net expenses 

Total claims and expenses 

Net underwriting income (loss) 
Investment income 
Foreign exchange loss 

Interest expense 

Change in minority interests 

Net income (loss) before tax 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 
643 Can Ltd) 

Trisura 
International 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

79,271 

3,400 

82,671 

(19,013) 

(54,818) 

(73,831) 

8,840 
3,931 

- 

 (1,009) 

 (5,156) 

6,606 

162 

- 

162 

1,360 

(2,181) 

(821) 

(659) 
1,205 
(6) 

- 

- 

540 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(4,625) 

(4,625) 

(4,625) 
275 
(29) 

- 

- 

(4,379) 

Total 

79,433 

3,400 

82,833 

(17,653) 

(61,624) 

(79,277) 

3,556 
5,411 
(35) 

(1,009) 

(5,156) 

2,767 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 643 
Can Ltd) 

Trisura International 

Total 

72,092 
3,352 

75,444 

(22,396) 
(47,418) 

(69,814) 

5,630 
1,137 

- 
 (481) 

 (155) 

6,131 

163 
13 

176 

(6,404) 
(5,847) 

(12,251) 

(12,075) 
11,287 
(528) 

- 

- 

 (1,316) 

72,255 
3,365 

75,620 

(28,800) 
(53,265) 

(82,065) 

(6,445) 
12,424 
(528) 

(481) 

(155) 

4,815 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 27 – Segmented information (continued) 

The following table shows Loan payable of $29,700 at December 31, 2017 ($34,100 at December 31, 2016) included with 
the liabilities of Trisura Guarantee (inclusive of 643 Can Ltd). 

As at December 31, 2017 
Assets 
Liabilities 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 643 
Can Ltd) 

317,124 
273,679 

Trisura 
International 

119,208 
92,658 

Trisura 
Specialty 

56,888 
426 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

(4,860) 
95 

As at December 31, 2016 
Assets 
Liabilities 

Note 28 – Income taxes 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 643 
Can Ltd) 

259,857 
240,472 

Trisura 
International 

159,544 
108,041 

Total 

488,360 
366,858 

Total 

419,401 
348,513 

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: 

Deferred taxes related to: 
     Loss carry-forwards and other 
     Unpaid claims and LAE 
     Investments – unrealized gains/losses 

Less deferred taxes related to: 
     Investments – unrealized gains/losses 
     Property and equipment, intangible and other assets 

Deferred income taxes 

Reported in: 
     Deferred tax assets 

     Income tax recovery reported to net (loss) income 

     Income tax expense reported to other comprehensive 

(loss) income 

Statement of financial position 
December 31, 
December 31, 
2016 
2017 

Statement of comprehensive 
(loss) income 

December 31, 
2017 

December 31, 
2016 

164 
703 
1,186 

2,053 

(1,295) 
(18) 

(1,313) 

740 

740 

- 

- 

166 
572 
1,190 

1,928 

(1,281) 
(25) 

(1,306) 

622 

622 

- 

- 

(8) 
(131) 
4 

(135) 

14 
(7) 

7 

(128) 

- 
(142) 

14 

(286) 
(164) 
(765) 

(1,215) 

780 
(11) 

769 

(446) 

- 

(1,226) 

780 

A deferred income tax asset is recognized only to the extent that realization of the related income tax benefit through 
future  taxable  profits  is  probable.    Management  has  assessed  the  recoverability  of  the  deferred  income  tax  asset 
carrying  values  based  on  future  years’  taxable  income  projections  and  believes  the  carrying  values  of  the  deferred 
income tax assets as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are recoverable. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 28 – Income taxes (continued) 

The following shows the major components of income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Current tax expense: 
     Current year 
     Prior year true up 

Deferred tax expense: 
     Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Income tax expense 

Income taxes recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income: 
Net changes in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments 
Reclassification to net (loss) income of net losses on available-for-
sale investments 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Total income tax expense recorded in other comprehensive (loss) 
income 

3,210 
42 

3,252 

(143) 

3,109 

291 
17 

14 

322 

2,517 
(10) 

2,507 

(645) 

1,862 

826 
210 

782 

1,818 

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the statutory income tax rate to the income tax provision 
included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  (loss)  income  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2017  and 
2016: 

December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2016 

Income (loss) before income taxes 
Statutory income tax rate 

Variations due to: 
     Permanent differences 
     International operations subject to different tax rates 
     Unrecognized tax loss 
Rate differentials: 
     Current rate versus future rate 
     Change in future rate 
True up 

Income tax expense 

2,749 
26.5% 

728 

1,051 
74 
1,226 

(1) 
(11) 
42 

3,109 

4,816 
26.5% 

1,276 

22 
366 
212 

(2) 
(1) 
(10) 

1,862 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 29 – Share-based compensation 

29.1 

Equity-settled stock options 

The Company currently administers a stock option plan.  Under the stock option plan, the  exercise price of each stock 
option will be established at the time that the option is granted.  It is expected that the vesting period will normally be 
20% per year over five years and the expiry date of stock options granted will not exceed ten years. 

The following is a continuity schedule of stock options outstanding as at December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 2017 

Outstanding, beginning of year 

Granted during the year 

Outstanding, end of year 

Number of options 

Weighted average exercise 
price per share (in dollars) 

- 

87,000 

87,000 

- 

24.36 

24.36 

As at December 31, 2017, the outstanding stock options consist of the following: 

December 31, 2017 

Exercise price per share (in dollars) 

24.36 

Number of options 
outstanding 

Average remaining 
contractual life (in years) 

Number of options 
exercisable 

87,000 

9.64 

- 

As  at  December  31,  2017,  no  equity-based  stock  options  were  vested.    The  Company  recorded  $89  in  share  reserve 
related to the options in the contributed surplus balance of the consolidated statements of financial position.  The fair 
value of the options issued in 2017 was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  Volatility estimate was 
20.64% and was based on the historical volatility of the Company.  The Bank of Canada risk-free rate of 2.45% was used 
and the weighted average fair value per stock option at the measurement date was $6.20 (in dollars). 

29.2 

Cash-settled stock options 

On July 1, 2017, 60,000 options were  issued to an officer of the Company by the board of directors as part of a cash-
settled share-based payment plan, with a vesting period of 20% per year over five years, and an expiration date of ten 
years.  As at December 31, 2017, no options had been vested.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company 
recorded $130 of expense related to the options, in Operating expenses.  The fair value of the options issued in 2017 was 
determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  Volatility was estimate based on the historical volatility of the 
Company.  The weighted average fair value per share option at December 31, 2017 is $9.51 (in dollars). 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

29.3 

Equity-settled DSUs 

DSUs  are  awarded  to  certain  directors  of  the  Company  at  the  market  value  of  the  Company’s  common  shares  at  the 
grant date.  These DSUs are awarded in lieu of directors fees at the option of the Directors.  Each DSU entitles the holder 
to receive an amount equivalent to the value of a common share at settlement.  As at December 31, 2017, 2,102 DSUs 
with immediate vesting were awarded to directors who are not employees of the Company or one of its affiliates.   

The following table shows the movement in the number of DSUs issued during the year: 

Opening balance 

Granted during the year 

Exercised during the year 

Ending balance 

Number of DSUs 

- 
2,102 

- 

2,102 

As  at  December  31,  2017,  no  units  had  been  exercised  and  $55  had  been  recorded  as  liabilities  (see  Note  10).    The 
liability was measured based on the fair value of the common shares of the Company at December 31, 2017.  For the 
year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $55 of expense related to the DSUs in Operating expenses. 

45