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Trisura Group

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FY2020 Annual Report · Trisura Group
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ANNUAL REPORT
2020

Letter to Shareholders 

At Trisura, we are building a leading international specialty insurance provider. Despite challenges mounted 
by the extraordinary circumstances of 2020, we have made significant strides in developing our platform. 
Before delving into results, we must recognize the incredible contributions of essential workers and medical 
professionals throughout this pandemic. I would also like to highlight the strong effort and performance of 
our  team  as  they  navigated  new  working  arrangements,  maintained  our  service-oriented  culture,  and 
delivered growth and profitability in a year defined by volatility and uncertainty.  

This year demonstrated the potential of a multi-line and multijurisdictional specialty insurance platform, with 
diversified sources of income. Momentum in Canada delivered unprecedented growth, and our focus on 
underwriting supported industry-leading returns. Our US business maintained its trajectory, showcasing the 
value  of  our  participatory  fronting  model  to  distribution  partners,  reinsurers,  and  shareholders.  We  took 
advantage  of  internal  reinsurance  capabilities  to  improve  our  flexibility  and  generate  returns  in  our 
international entity, previously in run off. Following our acquisition in November 2019, expansion of critical 
admitted licenses will enhance our offering in fronted products, and introduce our Surety practice to the US. 
Despite volatile conditions, in May we reinforced our growth trajectory with a second equity raise, building 
a stronger base of capital to fund growth in the US and providing a signal to our partners that we are here 
to stay. Through volatility, we enhanced portfolio returns and grew interest and dividend income, managing 
capital across Canada, the US and Europe to support underwriting. We remain focused on maintaining the 
culture,  principles  and  disciplined  underwriting  standards  that  have  made  us  preferred  partners  for  our 
specialty insurance distribution networks in Canada – and now the US – for many years. 

Financial Highlights  

For the full year, net income of $32.4 million, or $3.28 per share, is reflective of  growth in premium and 
profitability in our North American entities, combined with improved asset liability matching of the European 
life  annuity  reserve.  The  increase  in  net  income  is  striking,  growing  by  6x  over  2019  as  US  profitability 
ramped, Canadian  net income increased  25.4%  and  we managed asset liability matching appropriately. 
Book value per share rose to $28.23, an increase of 30.8% over December 31, 2019, supported by earnings 
as well as our accretive capital raise in the second quarter.  

Specialty  P&C  operations  delivered  strong  performance,  with  $926.4  million  in  gross  premiums  written, 
more than double what we wrote last year – on the heels of a doubling in premium from 2018 to 2019. 
Growth in premiums was led by maturation of programs and new business from our US fronting platform – 
increasing premium by over $350 million vs. 2019. Through the year, our commitment to specialty lines and 
stable  presence  generated  momentum  with  distribution  partners.  Coupled  with  a  hardening  market  in 
Corporate  Insurance,  new  programs  in  Risk  Solution  and  market  share  gains  in  Surety,  our  Canadian 
platform grew premiums by 51.5% for the full year. Importantly, net income from all entities grew materially, 
benefitting from growth in premiums, maturation in earned fee income, strong underwriting, and growing 
investment income. In the context of a doubling in revenues, expansion of our capital base, and uncertain 
operating environments, we generated a 13.4% return on equity, approaching our mid-teens target. 

Our balance sheet is conservatively managed and growing. With $289.9 million in equity and a consolidated 
debt to capital ratio of 8.7%, we feel well positioned to fund future growth. 

COVID-19 

We have recently observed a rise in cases around the world leading to a reversal in earlier reopening 
trends, especially in urban regions.  

Our team has transitioned to working remotely well. Productivity has been strong through this period and 
our results reflect that.  With the introduction of a vaccine our focus has turned to re-entry, ensuring that 
staff are re-integrated safely, and that the advantages of in-person interactions are enjoyed again.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Premium growth and claims have yet to observe a material impact related to COVID-19, although the 
ultimate impact of the pandemic and related shutdown is not yet clear, and we have increased reserving 
levels in certain instances to reflect this uncertainty.  

Insurance Operations 

We continue to be a leader in the speciality commercial insurance market. Our Canadian subsidiary is our 
longest operating business and  is led by an experienced and skilled management team. In  Canada, we 
achieved a combined ratio of 85.5%, which coupled with investment income drove a strong 19.9% return 
on equity. 2020 showcased the strength of our Surety lines, and the potential for growth in our Corporate 
Insurance practice. Risk Solutions continues to be a consistent engine of growth as we expand our fronting 
activities.  

If 2019 demonstrated the potential of our US fronting entity, 2020 achieved much of what was promised in 
our early years. Following acceleration of premium in 2019, consecutive capital injections and significant 
growth in the team, the fronting platform  increased fee income and produced healthy returns despite its 
early stage of maturity. We have grown premium and net income in every quarter and anticipate growth to 
continue.  Introducing  admitted  capabilities  through  the  acquisition  and  expansion  of  new  licenses  is 
expected to support this growth. 

In 2020 we reoriented the  international entity to  enable it to assume  premium from  our  North American 
businesses. This captive channel provides flexibility to our retention, and a catalyst for profitability in our 
reinsurance arm. In the year we ceded $13.0 million of premium from our US fronting model to our own 
reinsurance arm, a figure we expect to grow in 2021. Our asset liability matching was an opportunity for 
improvement vs. prior year and we focused on rationalizing unacceptable volatility in our earnings related 
to our asset liability matching. The adoption of better  duration-matched strategies and appointment of a 
specialist manger produced better results in 2020, specifically in Q3 and Q4.  

Investments 

Despite  the  volatility  experienced  in  March,  our  investment  portfolio  performed  well,  benefitting  from 
conservative  allocations  to  liquid  investment  grade  bonds  and  opportunistic  rebalancing  through  market 
dislocation. Due to the currency hedging facilities established last year, we were well-positioned to protect 
and enhance book value through some dramatic movements in foreign exchange markets. We continue to 
increase  our  exposure  to  alternatives,  including  infrastructure  debt  and  senior  secured  credit  products. 
These are investments that we feel are both appropriate and attractive for insurance portfolios, today more 
than ever in the context of low prevailing interest rates.  

Our  portfolios  remain  primarily  allocated  to  high  quality,  investment  grade  bonds,  complemented  by 
preferred  shares,  alternative  investments,  and  defensive,  dividend  paying  equities.  Corporate  spreads 
continued to tighten in 2020, coupled with strong equity performance despite a difficult first  quarter. The 
volatility experienced in March and our ability to deploy through market dislocations enabled us to rotate 
selectively  and  add  positions  at  attractive  valuations.  Although  we  made  this  observation  last  year,  it 
remains  true:  prevailing  interest  rates  are  lower  than  ever,  corporate  spreads  are  historically  tight,  and 
equity  valuations  are  approaching  record  highs.  Economic  health  in  the  coming  months  and  years  will 
depend upon safely navigating to a post-pandemic world. Much is uncertain, and we remain committed to 
managing our capital prudently for the long term.      

During the year we made two minority investments in technology-driven insurance vehicles, a digital 
MGA, and an ai-enabled claims processing platform. Although early stage, we felt the business models 
were compelling, and that beyond any financial gain, we could benefit from strategic, technology-enabled 
partnerships. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Strategic Priorities 

Following another successful equity raise, and expansion of our credit facility we are better positioned than 
ever to provide our subsidiaries with the resources to grow. We continue to expand our reach in Canada 
and the US through both organic and acquisitive growth supported by our history of profitability, disciplined 
underwriting and investment returns. We also maintain a firm focus on culture and recognize the importance 
of our people.  We're proud of our Canadian subsidiary for once again being recognized as one of Canada's 
Top Small and Medium Employers, demonstrating the special culture our organization has fostered  and 
providing a strong foundation for Trisura’s future. 

Closing 

Our business continues to demonstrate exciting potential. Profitability in Canada has strengthened, as we 
benefit from a  growing  footprint  and  increased profile.  Our US platform has exceeded  expectations and 
provides  a  complimentary  trajectory  to  the  more  mature  business  in  Canada.  Importantly,  a  significant 
concern has been mitigated through the adoption of better asset liability matching in our Reinsurance entity, 
demonstrated through a reduction in earnings volatility. 

The  hardening  market  accelerated  through  the  events  of  early  2020.    With  the  introduction  of  admitted 
capabilities, and launch of a US Surety strategy, we have ample opportunities to grow. 

It would be naive to assume a return to normal will be a smooth process following COVID-19 closures. I 
expect  the  economic  scarring  of  this  event  will  be  felt  for  years  to  come.  For  us,  that  means  renewed 
vigilance in our underwriting, especially on accounts that could be affected through an uneven reopening. 
It  means  proactively  monitoring  government  support  programs  to  anticipate  the  impact  of  their 
normalization. We must view pockets of volatility as opportunities to enhance our position in the market, 
investing  in  distribution  relationships  in  specialty  lines  while  others  step  back.  In  US  fronting,  increased 
reinsurance  capacity  and  competition  means  that  we  must  defend  operational  metrics  and  reiterate  our 
value proposition with partners. 

As  we  begin  2021,  I  would  like  to  thank  our  employees,  partners  and  shareholders  for  their  continued 
support. We have enjoyed a strong first three years as a public company, and the next five will be a critical 
evolution from a sub-scale entity to one of greater institutional sophistication. 

Sincerely, 

David Clare 
President and CEO 
Trisura Group Ltd.  
February 10, 2021 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION 

This letter to shareholders contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian provincial 
securities  laws  and  “forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  applicable  Canadian  securities 
regulations. Forward-looking statements include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or 
refer  to  future  events  or  conditions,  include  statements  regarding  the  operations,  business,  financial 
condition,  expected  financial  results,  performance,  prospects,  opportunities,  priorities,  targets,  goals, 
ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for 
North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include 
words such as “expects,” “likely,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” 
“projects,”  “forecasts”  or  negative  versions  thereof  and  other  similar  expressions,  or  future  or  conditional 
verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could”. 

Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied 
by  the  forward-looking  statements  and  information  are  based  upon  reasonable  assumptions  and 
expectations, the  reader should  not  place  undue  reliance  on  forward-looking statements  and  information 
because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond 
our  control,  which  may  cause  the  actual  results,  performance  or  achievements  of  our  Company  to  differ 
materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by such forward-
looking statements and information.  

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-
looking statements include, but are not limited to: developments related to COVID-19, including the impact 
of COVID-19 on the economy and global financial markets; the impact or unanticipated impact of general 
economic, political and market factors in the countries in which we do business; the behaviour of financial 
markets, including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates; global equity and capital markets and 
the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets; strategic actions including 
dispositions;  the  ability to complete  and  effectively  integrate  acquisitions  into  existing  operations  and  the 
ability  to  attain  expected  benefits;  changes  in  accounting  policies  and  methods  used  to  report  financial 
condition (including uncertainties associated with critical accounting assumptions and estimates); the ability 
to  appropriately  manage  human  capital;  the  effect  of  applying  future  accounting  changes;  business 
competition; operational and reputational risks; technological change; changes in government regulation and 
legislation within the countries in which we operate; governmental investigations; litigation; changes in tax 
laws;  changes  in  capital  requirements;  changes  in  reinsurance  arrangements;  ability  to  collect  amounts 
owed;  catastrophic  events,  such  as  earthquakes,  hurricanes  or  pandemics;  the  possible  impact  of 
international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts and cyberterrorism; and other risks and 
factors detailed from time to time in our documents filed with securities regulators in Canada. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When 
relying  on  our  forward-looking  statements,  investors  and  others  should  carefully  consider  the  foregoing 
factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no 
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, 
that may be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. 

 
 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
For the year ended December 31, 2020 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is provided to enable a reader to assess  the results of operations 
and financial condition of Trisura Group Ltd. for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2020. This MD&A should 
be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.  

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this MD&A to the “Company” refer to Trisura Group Ltd. and references 
to “us,” “we” or “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated entities.  

The  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  are  in  Canadian  dollars  and  are  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”)  as issued  by the International  Accounting  Standards  Board. In this 
MD&A, all references to “$” are to Canadian dollars unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires. 

This MD&A is dated February 10, 2021. Additional information is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

1  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section 1 – Overview................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 

•  Our Business 

Section 2 – Financial Highlights ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 
Section 3 – Financial Review ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 

Income Statement Analysis 

• 
•  Balance Sheet Analysis  
•  Share Capital 
•  Liquidity 
•  Capital 

Section 4 – Performance Review ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 

•  Specialty P&C 
•  Canada 
•  United States 
•  Reinsurance 
•  Corporate 

Section 5 – Investment Performance Review ...................................................................................................................................... 20 

•  Overview 
•  Summary of Investment Portfolio 
• 

Investment Performance 

Section 6 – Outlook & Strategy ............................................................................................................................................................. 23 

Industry 

• 
•  Outlook and Strategy 

Section 7 – Risk Management ............................................................................................................................................................... 25 

•  Corporate Governance 
•  Risks and Uncertainties 

Section 8 – Other Information ............................................................................................................................................................... 37 

•  Ratings 
•  Cash Flow Summary 
•  Segmented Reporting 
•  Contractual Obligations 
•  Financial Instruments 
•  Related Party Transactions 
•  Accounting Estimates 

Section 9 – Summary of Results .............................................................................................................................................. 40 

•  Selected Quarterly Results 
•  Selected Annual Results 

Section 10 – Accounting and Disclosure Matters ..................................................................................................................... 41 

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting 

•  Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
• 
•  Operating Metrics 
•  Non-IFRS Financial Measures 
•  Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information 
•  Glossary of Abbreviations 

2  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 1 - OVERVIEW 

OUR BUSINESS 

Our  Company  is  a  leading  international  specialty  insurance  provider  operating  in  the  Surety,  Risk  Solutions,  Corporate 
Insurance,  Fronting  and  Reinsurance  niche  segments  of  the  market.  Our  operating  subsidiaries  include  a  Canadian 
specialty insurance company, a US specialty insurance company and an international reinsurance company. Our Canadian 
specialty insurance subsidiary started writing business in 2006 and has a strong underwriting track record over its 14 years 
of operation. Our US specialty insurance company has participated as a hybrid fronting entity in the non-admitted markets 
since early 2018 and is licensed as an excess and surplus lines insurer in Oklahoma with the ability to write business across 
50  states.  Our  US  specialty  insurance  company  can  also  write  business  on  an  admitted  basis  in  most  states.  Our 
international Reinsurance business has been in operation in Barbados for more than 18 years and has commenced writing 
new business in support of our US subsidiary. 

Our  Company  has  an  experienced  management  team,  strong  partnerships  with  brokers,  program  administrators  and 
reinsurers, and a specialized underwriting focus. We plan to grow by building our business in the US and through expansion 
of our Canadian business both organically and through strategic acquisitions. We believe our Company can capitalize on 
favourable market conditions through our multi-line and multi-jurisdictional platform. 

In  2019,  the  Company  closed  its  acquisition  of  21st  Century  Preferred  Insurance  Company  and  completed  its  re-
domestication from Pennsylvania to Oklahoma. We have expanded our admitted licenses, which now includes licenses in 
46 states. We continue the process of applying for licenses in the remaining states. 

3  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 2 – FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS IN Q4 AND FULL YEAR 2020 

✓  $10.9 million of net income in the quarter and $32.4 million for the full year, a substantial improvement over the 
previous  periods,  driven  by  stronger  results  in  Canada,  accelerating  profitability  in  the  US,  and  improved  asset 
liability matching in our Reinsurance business.  

✓  EPS of $1.05 the quarter and $3.28 for the full year compared to $0.47 and $0.69 respectively in 2019.  

✓  ROE  of  13.4%  increased  from  3.5%  at  Q4  2019.  Consolidated  ROE  approached  our  mid-teens  target  despite 

dilution from our equity raise in May 2020 and was achieved in the context of significant growth.  

✓  BVPS of $28.23 was an increase of 30.8% over the previous year, the result of strong earnings and a book-value 

accretive equity raise.  

✓  Continued strong performance of our operations in Canada and the US. 

•  Canada: 

▪  GPW and NPE growth of 116.5% and 53.9% respectively in Q4 2020 reflected accelerating growth 
in challenging markets through strengthened distribution relationships, and the benefit of hardening 
conditions in certain lines of business.  

▪  NUI growth of 14.4% over Q4 2019 and 58.5% for the full year, was a result of sustained premium 

growth across all lines and strong claims experience in Surety. 

▪ 

In  the  context  of  significant  growth,  combined  ratios  remained  strong  with  ratios  of  87.3%  and 
85.5% for Q4 2020 and the full year. Full year results compare well to the corresponding 2019 full 
year of 87.8%, the result of a similar loss ratio and an improved expense ratio. 

▪  Q4 2020 NI of $6.0 million increased 22.7% over Q4 2019 and full year NI of $19.9 million grew by 

25.4%, generating a strong 19.9% ROE. 

•  United States:  

▪  Sustained  growth  in  GPW  reaching  a  new  high  of  $210.7  million  in  the  quarter,  a  $39.6  million 

increase over Q3 2020. Full year premiums grew by $383.3 million or 145.2% over 2019. 

▪  Net income of $5.7 million in the quarter and $16.4 million for the full year, demonstrate the potential 
of the fronting model; quarterly net income almost matched Canada after three years of operations. 

▪  Accelerating profitability generated an ROE of 11.7% despite an increase in the capital base. 

▪  Continued  growth  in  deferred  fee  income,  a  precursor  to  earned  fees,  reached  $18.3  million  at 

December 31, 2020. 

▪  The  fronting  operational  ratio  of  68.5%  in  the  quarter  and  70.6%  for  the  full  year  is  materially 
improved versus the corresponding periods in 2019 reflecting growth in NPE and fronting fees as 
the business builds scale. 

✓ 

✓ 

Improved  asset  liability  matching  for  the  full  year  in  our  Reinsurance  business  resulted  in  better  profitability, 
mitigated by volatility through redeployment of investments in Q2. 

Interest and dividend income in our Canadian and US portfolios increased by 25.8% in Q4 2020 and 28.2% in the 
full year, despite a continued reduction in yields in the fixed income markets.  

COVID-19 Update 

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. To date, 
there have been restrictions on the conduct of business in many jurisdictions and the global movement of people and certain 
goods. We are closely monitoring developments related to COVID-19, including the existing and potential impact on the 
economy  and  global  financial  markets.  Although  COVID-19  has  had  minimal  impact  on  our  business  to  date,  given  the 
ongoing  and  dynamic  nature  of  the  circumstances  surrounding  COVID-19  and  continuing  uncertainty  of  its  magnitude, 
outcome and duration, the longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our Company, our insurance business or our 
financial results, if any, is difficult to predict. These impacts may differ in magnitude depending on a number of scenarios, 
which we continue to monitor and take into consideration in our decision making.  See Section 7 – Risk Management.  

4  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 3 – FINANCIAL REVIEW 

INCOME STATEMENT ANALYSIS 

Gross premiums written 

314,200 

143,212 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ 
variance 
170,988 

% 
variance 
119.4% 

2020 

2019 

926,442 

448,262 

$ 
variance 
478,180 

% 
variance 
106.7% 

98,696 

53,180 

69.2% 

49.5% 

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 
Net investment income 
(loss) 
Settlement from 
structured insurance 
assets 
Net gains (losses) 

Total revenues 

Net claims and loss 
adjustment expenses 
Net commissions 

Operating expenses  

Interest expense 

Total claims and 
expenses  
Income before income 
taxes 

Income tax expense 

Net income 

Other comprehensive 
income (loss) 

Comprehensive income 

Earnings per common 
share - diluted - in 
dollars 
Adjusted earnings per 
common share - diluted 
- in dollars (1) 
Book value per share - 
in dollars 
ROE(1)  

Adjusted ROE(1) 

88,400 

51,091 

39,656 

29,710 

48,744 

21,381 

122.9% 

241,324 

142,628 

72.0% 

160,684 

107,504 

 9,659  

 3,575  

 6,084  

170.2% 

 29,719  

 12,206  

 17,513  

143.5% 

 5,922  

 (3,868) 

 9,790  

nm 

 27,779  

 16,243  

 11,536  

71.0% 

 -   

 -   

 -       

n/a 

 -   

 8,077  

 (8,077) 

nm 

 2,822  

 (92) 

 2,914  

nm 

 8,450  

 1,572  

 6,878  

437.5% 

69,494 

29,325 

40,169 

137.0% 

226,632 

145,602 

81,030 

55.7% 

(23,096) 

(687) 

(22,409) 

nm 

(72,562) 

(49,936) 

(22,626) 

45.3% 

(17,484) 

(9,677) 

(14,037) 

(12,464) 

(7,807) 

(1,573) 

80.7% 

12.6% 

(55,915) 

(37,516) 

(18,399) 

(57,560) 

(45,590) 

(11,970) 

49.0% 

26.3% 

 (222) 

 (341) 

 119  

(34.9%) 

 (1,113) 

 (1,361) 

 248  

(18.2%) 

(54,839) 

(23,169) 

(31,670) 

136.7% 

(187,150) 

(134,403) 

(52,747) 

39.2% 

 14,655  

 6,156  

 8,499  

138.1% 

 39,482  

 11,199  

 28,283  

252.5% 

 (3,706) 

 (1,984) 

 (1,722) 

86.8% 

 (7,040) 

 (6,105) 

 (935) 

15.3% 

 10,949  

 4,172  

 6,777  

162.4% 

 32,442  

 5,094  

 27,348  

536.9% 

 2,800  

 (1,188) 

 3,988  

nm 

 96  

 808  

 (712) 

(88.1%) 

 13,749  

 2,984  

 10,765  

360.8% 

 32,538  

 5,902  

 26,636  

451.3% 

 1.05  

 0.47  

 0.58  

123.9% 

 3.28  

 0.69  

 2.59  

375.4% 

 0.96  

 0.57  

 0.39  

68.4% 

 3.68  

 1.92  

 1.76  

91.7% 

 28.23  

 21.58  

 6.65  

30.8% 

 28.23  

 21.58  

 6.65  

30.8% 

13.4% 

15.0% 

3.5% 

9.4% 

 n/a  

 n/a  

9.9pts 

5.6pts 

13.4% 

15.0% 

3.5% 

9.4% 

 n/a  

 n/a  

9.9pts 

5.6pts 

(1)  See Non-IFRS financial measures in Section 10 – Accounting and Disclosure Matters. 

5  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Premium Revenue and Fee Income 

Premium growth continued for the quarter and full year period with GPW more than doubling over the comparable periods 
in 2019 driven by continued acceleration in the US and growth in Canada. NPW growth for the quarter and the full year was 
significant, but full year growth was lower than growth in GPW due to the high percentage of business ceded to reinsurers. 
Strength  in  NPE  growth  for  the  quarter  and  the  full  year  was  supported  by  the  US  as  earned  premium  in  2019  was 
comparatively lower during the US business’ first years of operation. NPE growth was also supported by our Canadian lines, 
where strong growth continued. The increase in fee income in both the quarter and full year periods was driven primarily by 
fronting fees from the US, supported by consistent fee income in Canada. 

Net Claims  

Net claims in the quarter were greater than 2019, reflecting claims expense in 2020 associated with our life annuity reserves. 
Importantly, a significant portion of these reserve increases associated with the annuity reserves are offset by investment 
income (see Section 5 – Investment Performance Review). Net claims in the quarter grew for the US and Canada primarily 
reflecting growth in the business. With the exception of the impact of the life annuity reserves, net claims expense grew in 
the full year period in line with growth of the business with a majority of the increase represented by the US operations and 
Corporate Insurance, mitigated by strong claims experience in Surety. 

Operating Expenses  

Operating expenses in Q4 2020 were comparable to Q4 2019. The increase in operating expenses for the full year was 
driven by share-based compensation, as the increasing value of our share price led to an increase in the value of certain 
outstanding options. Excluding share-based compensation, operating expenses increased 20.3% in the quarter and 15.8% 
in the YTD periods, reflective primarily of growth in the US operations. Management expects that the impact of share-based 
compensation should be mitigated going forward as we have completed a program to hedge market exposure of share-
based compensation.  

Net Commissions 

Net commissions expense has grown for the quarter by 80.7% and for the full year by 49.0% as a result of growth in GPW. 
Growth of Net commissions is in line with the growth in Net premiums earned, which is to be expected. 

Net Investment Income 

See Section 5 – Investment Performance Review. 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

See Section 5 – Investment Performance Review. 

Income Tax Expense  

In Q4 2020, the effective tax rate was approximately 25.2% which is in line with expectations. For the full year, the 
effective tax rate was 17.8% due to the recognition of a Deferred tax asset in Q1 2020 related to previously unrecognized 
tax losses. For additional information see Note 27 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Net Income 

Net income for the quarter and full year was higher than prior year primarily as a result of maturation of the US platform, 
and strong growth in Canada. For the full year period, results were also supported by improved asset liability matching in 
the Reinsurance business compared to the prior year. 

6  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

EPS, Adjusted EPS, BVPS, Adjusted ROE and ROE 

Quarterly diluted EPS of $1.05 compares favourably to $0.47 in Q4 2019 and improved as a result of growth, a stronger 
contribution from our fronting operations in the US, and realized gains, and mitigated by an increase in the average number 
of shares outstanding following our equity raise in May 2020. EPS of $3.28 was greater than $0.69 in the prior year, as a 
result  of  growth  in  the  Canadian  and  US  operations,  as  well  as  improved  asset  liability  matching  in  the  Reinsurance 
operations. BVPS of $28.23 was an increase of 30.8% over Q4 2019, as a result of an increase in net income over the prior 
year, as well as an equity raise in 2020 which was accretive to BVPS.  

We have introduced Adjusted EPS, a measure meant to adjust for non-recurring items and  normalize earnings for core 
operations to reflect the potential of our North American specialty operations. A detailed bridge between EPS and Adjusted 
EPS is included in Section 10 – Accounting and Disclosure Matters. Adjusted EPS grew by 68.4% in Q4 2020 compared to 
Q4 2019, less than growth in EPS, due to the impact of Net gains (losses). For the full year, Adjusted EPS grew by 91.6%, 
less than growth in EPS primarily as a result of the adjustment for the impact of the annuity reserves. 

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS 

As at 

Cash and cash equivalents  

Investments  

Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

Recoverable from reinsurers 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Capital assets and intangible assets 

Deferred tax assets 

Total assets 

Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Unearned premiums  

Unearned reinsurance commissions 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

Loan payable 

Total liabilities 

Shareholders' equity 

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

$ variance 

 136,519  

 503,684  

 178,883  

 676,972  

 188,190  

 13,907  

 8,577  

 1,706,732  

 57,343  

 151,707  

 592,711  

 100,281  

 487,271  

 27,555  

 1,416,868  

 289,864  

 1,706,732  

 85,905  

 392,617  

 86,669  

 293,068  

 104,197  

 14,477  

 1,460  

 978,393  

 40,916  

 80,186  

 328,091  

 51,291  

 257,880  

 29,700  

 788,064  

 190,329  

 978,393  

 50,614  

 111,067  

 92,214  

 383,904  

 83,993  

 (570) 

 7,117  

 728,339  

 16,427  

 71,521  

 264,620  

 48,990  

 229,391  

 (2,145) 

 628,804  

 99,535  

 728,339  

Total assets at December 31, 2020 were $728.3 million higher than at December 31, 2019 as a result of growth across our 
Specialty P&C businesses as well as our equity raise in May 2020. The growth in the US has led to increases across a 
number of categories, particularly Recoverables from reinsurers which has grown alongside growth in premium and ceded 
premium. The nature of the fronted operations of the US business generate significant Recoverables from reinsurers, which 
increase  alongside  an  increase  in  Unearned  premiums  and  Unpaid  claims  and  loss  adjustment  expenses.  These 
recoverables  are  regularly  monitored  in  accordance  with  the  Company’s  reinsurance  risk  management  policies  and  are 
generally owing from reinsurers with A.M. Best ratings of A- or higher or are otherwise fully collateralized. Investments also 
increased significantly as funds from the equity raise were invested. 

Deferred  tax  assets  increased  as  a  result  of  the  recognition  of  the  deferred  tax  asset  associated  with  previously 
unrecognized tax losses (see Note 27 of the Consolidated Financial Statements).  

7  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

The main drivers of liability increases were Unearned premiums, and Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses primarily 
as a result of business growth in the US. These increases are partially offset by an increase in Recoverable from reinsurers.  

SHARE CAPITAL 

Our authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number of non-voting 
shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series).  

In Q2 2020, the Company completed a $65.1 million equity raise, to support growth in the US. The Company issued an 
additional 1,449,250 shares. 

In Q3 2019, the Company completed a $55.7 million equity raise, to support growth in the US, as well as to further improve 
asset liability matching at Trisura International. The Company issued an additional 2,197,939 shares.  

As at December 31, 2020, 10,268,869 common shares were issued and outstanding.  

LIQUIDITY 

Both  short-term  and  long-term  liquidity  sources  are  available  to  the  Company.  Short-term  liquidity  sources  immediately 
available include: (i) cash and cash equivalents, (ii) our portfolio of highly rated, highly liquid investments; (iii) cash flow from 
operating activities which include receipt of net premiums, fee income and investment income and; (iv) bank loan facilities 
including our revolving credit facility (see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). These funds are used primarily 
to pay claims and operating expenses, service the Company’s credit facility and purchase investments to support claims 
reserves and capital requirements.  

CAPITAL 

The MCT ratio of Trisura Canada was 249% at December 31, 2020 (258% as at December 31, 2019), which comfortably 
exceeds the 150% regulatory requirements prescribed by OSFI, as well as the Company’s internal targets.  

Trisura US’s capital and surplus of $122.6 million USD as at December 31, 2020 ($83.3 million USD as at December 31, 
2019) was in excess of the various Company Action Levels of the states in which it is licensed.  

Trisura International’s capital of $10.3 million USD as at December 31, 2020 ($14.2 million USD as at December 31, 2019) 
was sufficient to meet the FSC’s regulatory capital requirement.  

The Company’s debt-to-capital ratio of 8.7% as at December 31, 2020 (13.5% as at December 31, 2019), was below our 
long-term target debt-to-capital ratio of  20.0% as a result of  our May equity raise and  growth  in book value from  strong 
earnings. 

The Company is well-capitalized and we expect to have sufficient capital to meet our regulatory capital requirements, fund 
our operations and support our current business plans.  

8  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 4 – PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

SPECIALTY P&C  

Our Specialty P&C business consists of our Surety, Risk Solutions, and Corporate Insurance business lines which we write 
in Canada and a broad range of surplus lines in the US written through a fronting model, referred to as US Fronting.  

The tables and charts below provide a segmentation of our Specialty P&C GPW and NPW for the fourth quarter and full 
year  of  2020  and  2019,  respectively.  Our  US  operation  produced  69.9%  of  GPW  in  2020  having  commenced  writing 
business in Q1 2018. Premium growth was also supported by momentum in Canada across all lines in the quarter and full 
year periods. 

GPW 

Surety 

Risk Solutions 

Corporate Insurance 

US Fronting 

Total GPW 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

 18,572  

 59,432  

 25,519  

 210,654  

 314,177  

 14,514  

 19,565  

 13,730  

 95,371  

 143,180  

% growth 
over prior 
year 

28.0% 

203.8% 

85.9% 

120.9% 

119.4% 

2020 

2019 

 71,575  

 137,717  

 69,843  

 647,183  

 926,318  

 59,028  

 77,838  

 47,373  

 263,911  

 448,150  

% growth 
over prior 
year 

21.3% 

76.9% 

47.4% 

145.2% 

106.7% 

Gross Premiums Written
Q4 2020 

Gross Premiums Written
2020 

Surety
5.9%

Risk 
Solutions
19.0%

Corporate 
Insurance
8.1%

US 
Fronting
67.0%

Surety
7.7%

Risk 
Solutions
14.9%

Corporate 
Insurance
7.5%

US 
Fronting
69.9%

9  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Total NPW more than doubled in the quarter and grew by 69.7% in the full year period, with growth led by US Fronting, Risk 
Solutions  and  Corporate  Insurance.  Our  US  operations  continued  to  cede  premium  to  our  Reinsurance  business  in  the 
quarter, resulting in premium generation for our Reinsurance business in 2020 for the first time since entering run-off. In 
certain tables, the premiums ceded to the reinsurance business are grouped with US Fronting to better reflect the result of 
the business, and are identified as such.  

NPW 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

% growth over 
prior year 

2020 

2019 

% growth over 
prior year 

Surety 
Risk Solutions 
Corporate Insurance 
US Fronting 
Reinsurance 
Total NPW 

 12,447  
 40,329 
 17,996  
 13,151  
 4,477  
 88,400  

 9,213  
 15,119  
 9,711  
 5,228  
 -   
 39,271  

35.1% 
166.7% 
85.3% 
151.5% 
nm 
125.1% 

 44,723  
 103,622  
 48,941  
 30,922  
 13,116  
 241,324  

 40,400  
 52,444  
 34,995  
 14,328  
 -   
 142,167  

10.7% 
97.6% 
39.9% 
115.8% 
nm 
69.7% 

Net Premiums Written
Q4 2020

Net Premiums Written
2020

Reinsurance
5.1%

US 
Fronting
14.9%

Surety
14.1%

Corporate 
Insurance
20.3%

Risk 
Solutions
45.6%

Reinsurance
5.4%

US 
Fronting
12.8%

Corporate 
Insurance
20.3%

Surety
18.5%

Risk 
Solutions
43.0%

10  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

CANADA 

The table below presents financial highlights for our Canadian operations. 

Q4 2020  Q4 2019 

$  
variance 

% 
variance 

2020 

2019 

$ 
variance 

% 
variance 

Gross premiums written 

103,523 

47,809 

55,714 

116.5% 

279,135 

184,239 

94,896 

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

70,772 

34,043 

36,729 

107.9% 

197,286 

127,839 

69,447 

41,177 

26,754 

14,423 

53.9% 

133,535 

100,510 

33,025 

1,046 

472 

574 

121.6% 

5,027 

4,246 

781 

Net underwriting revenue 

42,223 

27,226 

14,997 

55.1% 

138,562 

104,756 

33,806 

Net underwriting income 

Net investment income 

Net income 

Comprehensive income 

Loss ratio: current accident year 

Loss ratio: prior years' development 

Loss ratio 

Expense ratio 

Combined ratio 

ROE 

5,215 

1,863 

5,965 

12,136 

25.2% 

4.8% 

30.0% 

57.3% 

87.3% 

19.9% 

4,562 

2,010 

4,864 

5,883 

25.0% 

(3.2%) 

21.8% 

61.1% 

82.9% 

19.1% 

653 

14.3% 

19,433 

12,265 

7,168 

(7.3%) 

7,842 

7,796 

46 

(147) 

1,101 

22.6% 

19,865 

15,842 

4,023 

25.4% 

6,253 

106.3% 

19,419 

19,242 

177 

0.2pts 

8.0pts 

8.2pts 

(3.8pts) 

4.4pts 

0.8pts 

27.6% 

(2.3%) 

25.3% 

60.2% 

85.5% 

19.9% 

27.1% 

(2.6%) 

24.5% 

63.3% 

87.8% 

19.1% 

0.9% 

0.5pts 

0.3pts 

0.8pts 

(3.1pts) 

(2.3pts) 

0.8pts 

51.5% 

54.3% 

32.9% 

18.4% 

32.3% 

58.4% 

0.6% 

In  the  quarter  and  full  year  periods  GPW  growth  was  substantial  across  all  lines  led  by  Risk  Solutions  and  Corporate 
Insurance.  Risk  Solutions  continued  to  benefit  from  the  addition  of  new  programs  and  fronting  relationships.  Corporate 
insurance has benefitted from a hardening insurance market with improved pricing and growth in distribution partnerships. 
Growth in Surety primarily reflects continued expansion of our market share as well as product expansion.  

In Q4 2020 and for the full year 2020, growth in NPE was the result of the factors discussed above.  

Increases in Fee income in Q4 2020 reflected product expansion in Surety, specifically into new home warranty products. 
Growth  in  fee  income  for  2020  was  the  result  of  growth  in  surety  accounts,  as  well  as  expansion  of  certain  new  home 
warranty products that generate fee income.  

The loss ratio of 30.0% for Q4 2020 and 25.3% for full year increased over both periods for 2019. This was primarily driven 
by an increase in the loss ratio in Corporate Insurance which offset the strong improvement in the Surety loss ratio for both 
Q4 and the full year. The expense ratio decreased to 57.3% for Q4 2020 compared to 61.1% for Q4 2019, as a result of 
operational leverage and increased profit sharing from Surety reinsurers. The expense ratio fell to 60.2% for 2020 compared 
to 63.3% for 2019. The improved expense ratio for the full year reflects improved operational leverage, a reduction in certain 
operational costs due to the COVID-19 shutdown, as well as the impact of profit sharing arrangements with our reinsurers. 
In Q4 2020, the combined ratio was greater than Q4 2019 as a result of a higher loss ratio, and for the full year 2020 the 
combined ratio was lower than 2019 as a result of the lower expense ratio.  

Net underwriting income for Q4 2020 experienced growth of 14.3% and full year 2020 experienced growth of 58.4%, a result 
of growth across all lines, an improved loss ratio in surety and the impact of profit sharing arrangements with our reinsurers.  

Investment income for both Q4 2020 and full year 2020 was comparable to the corresponding periods in 2019. See Section 
5 – Investment Performance Review for further discussion.  

Strong operating results resulted in strong growth in net income of 22.6% for Q4 2020 and 25.4% for the full year.  

11  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Surety 

The main products offered by our Surety business line are: 

✓  Contract surety bonds, such as performance and labour and material payment bonds, primarily for the construction 

industry; 

✓  Commercial surety bonds, such as license and permit, tax and excise, and fiduciary bonds, which are issued on 
behalf  of  commercial  enterprises  and  professionals  to  governments,  regulatory  bodies  or  courts  to  guarantee 
compliance with legal or fiduciary obligations; and 

✓  Developer surety bonds, comprising mainly bonds to secure real estate developers’ legislated deposit and warranty 

obligations on residential projects. 

In Q4, Surety accounted for 5.9% and 14.1% of our overall GPW and NPW, respectively. For the full year, Surety accounted 
for 7.7% and 18.5% of overall GPW and NPW, respectively.  

Q4 2020  Q4 2019 

Gross premiums written 

18,572  

14,514  

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

12,447  

10,232  

 1,046  

 9,213  

 9,425  

 472  

$ 
variance 
 4,058  

% 
variance 
28.0% 

2020 

2019 

71,575  

59,028  

$ 
variance 
12,547  

% 
variance 
21.3% 

 3,234  

35.1% 

44,723  

40,400  

 4,323  

10.7% 

 807  

8.6% 

40,103  

37,358  

 2,745  

7.4% 

 574  

121.6% 

 5,027  

 4,241  

 786  

18.5% 

Net underwriting revenue 

11,278  

 9,897  

 1,381  

14.0% 

45,130  

41,599  

 3,531  

8.5% 

Net underwriting income 

 4,914  

 1,364  

 3,550  

260.3% 

14,789  

 5,543  

9,246  

166.8% 

Loss ratio: current accident year 

Loss ratio: prior years' development 

Loss ratio 

8.5% 

3.4% 

11.9% 

35.2% 

(9.1%) 

26.1% 

(26.7pts) 

12.5pts 

(14.2pts) 

14.6% 

(4.2%) 

10.4% 

31.4% 

(7.0%) 

24.4% 

(16.8pts) 

2.8pts 

(14.0pts) 

Q4 2020  Surety GPW  demonstrated strong 28.0% growth  over  Q4 2019. Full year premiums growth was significant, at 
21.3%  over  2019.  The  growth  has  been  primarily  driven  by  our  expansion  of  our  Developer  surety  products  in  western 
Canada and continued growth in Commercial Surety attributed to large bonds issued for new accounts, as well as growth 
with distribution partnerships.  

The growth in NPW was strong in Q4 as a result of the growth in new home warranty products, a component of the developer 
surety business, in the quarter. Growth in NPW for the year was primarily a result of growth in Commercial and Developer 
surety, and was lower than growth in GPW as a result of a number of large bonds which have been issued during the period 
where proportionately more premium is ceded to reinsurers. Growth in NPE for Q4 2020 and full year was primarily the 
result of growth in Commercial and Developer surety.  

For Q4 2020 and full year, Surety experienced a lower claims ratio than Q4 2019 and full year 2019, as a result of fewer 
claims than the prior period. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, most construction projects have been deemed 
essential through the economic shutdowns and contractors have continued working. This has had a positive impact on the 
loss ratio. 

Net underwriting income for the quarter increased to $4.9 million compared to $1.4 million in Q4 2019 driven by growth, and 
an improved loss ratio in the quarter. 2020 net underwriting income reflected both our growth and improvements in loss 
ratios over 2019.  

12  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Risk Solutions  

Risk Solutions includes specialty insurance contracts which are structured, in some cases through fronting arrangements, 
to  meet  the  specific  requirements  of  program  administrators,  managing  general  agents,  captive  insurance  companies, 
affinity groups and reinsurers. Our Risk Solutions business line consists primarily of warranty programs.  

In  2018,  the  Company  incorporated  Trisura  Warranty  Services  Inc.  (“Trisura  Warranty”),  and  in  Q1  2019  purchased  an 
existing book of warranty contracts from a third party, which Trisura Warranty will continue to administer. Trisura Warranty 
has begun to sell warranty products which will serve as a complimentary business to the insurance products sold through 
Trisura Canada. Financial results of Trisura Warranty are currently not material and are grouped with the Canadian Specialty 
P&C results, as part of Risk Solutions for the purpose of the MD&A.  

In Q4 2020, Risk Solutions accounted for 19.0% and 45.6% of our overall GPW and NPW, respectively. For the full year, 
Risk Solutions accounted for 14.9% and 43.0% of our overall GPW and NPW, respectively.  

Q4 2020  Q4 2019 

$ 
variance 

% 
variance 

2020 

2019 

$ 
variance 

% 
variance 

Gross premiums written 

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

59,432 

40,329 

18,120 

19,565 

39,867 

203.8% 

137,717 

77,838 

59,879 

15,119 

25,210 

166.7% 

103,622 

52,444 

51,178 

8,768 

9,352 

106.7% 

51,696 

31,193 

20,503 

 -   

 -   

 -       

nm 

 -   

5 

(5) 

Net underwriting revenue 

18,120 

8,768 

9,352 

106.7% 

51,696 

31,198 

20,498 

Net underwriting income 

Loss ratio: current accident year 

Loss ratio: prior years' development 

Loss ratio 

572 

22.0% 

4.9% 

26.9% 

974 

(402) 

(41.3%) 

31.2% 

(9.8%) 

21.4% 

(9.2pts) 

14.7pts 

5.5pts 

4,788 

23.8% 

(1.2%) 

22.6% 

3,131 

1,657 

29.8% 

(8.3%) 

21.5% 

76.9% 

97.6% 

65.7% 

nm 

65.7% 

52.9% 

(6.0pts) 

7.1pts 

1.1pts 

Risk solutions GPW and NPW for Q4 2020 increased significantly over Q4 2019 from the addition of new programs in the 
warranty space, and revenue from fronting arrangements. Year over year growth has been primarily due to the addition of 
new programs, supplemented by growth in existing programs as economic shutdowns normalized in the latter half of the 
year.  

Year over year growth in NPE was driven by maturation of the portfolio resulting in greater earned premiums from programs 
written in prior years, as well as the impact of the new programs.  

In  Q4  2020  the  loss  ratio  increased  compared  to  the  same  period  in  the  prior  year,  largely  due  to  an  adjustment  to  an 
existing reserve for a program that is in run-off. Claims on active programs continued to be in line with expectations. The 
2020 loss ratio for the full year was similar to that of 2019.  

Net underwriting income in Q4 2020 was below Q4 2019 primarily as a result of an increase in the loss ratio. Net underwriting 
income for 2020 was ahead of 2019 as a result of growth in the business, and in particular related to maturation of longer 
term policies written in prior years where earnings have been deferred.  

13  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Corporate Insurance  

The main products offered by our Corporate Insurance business line are Directors’ & Officers’ insurance for public, private 
and  non-profit  enterprises,  professional  liability  insurance  for  both  enterprises  and  professionals,  technology  and  cyber 
liability  insurance  for  enterprises  commercial  package  insurance  for  both  enterprises  and  professionals  and  fidelity 
insurance for both commercial enterprises and financial institutions. 

In Q4 2020 Corporate Insurance represented 8.1% and 20.3% of our overall GPW and NPW respectively. For the full year, 
Corporate Insurance represented 7.5% and 20.3% of our overall GPW and NPW respectively. 

Gross premiums written 

25,519  

13,730  

Q4 2020  Q4 2019 

$ 
variance 
11,789  

%  
variance 
85.9% 

2020 

2019 

69,843  

47,373  

$ 
variance 
22,470  

%  
variance 
47.4% 

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

17,996  

 9,711  

 8,285  

12,825  

 8,563  

 4,262  

85.3% 

49.8% 

48,941  

34,995  

13,946  

41,736  

31,960  

 9,776  

Net underwriting revenue 

12,825  

 8,563  

 4,262  

49.8% 

41,736  

31,960  

 9,776  

39.9% 

30.6% 

30.6% 

Net underwriting (loss) income 

 (271) 

 2,226  

(2,497) 

(112.2%) 

 (144) 

 3,591  

(3,735) 

(104.0%) 

Loss ratio: current accident year 

43.1% 

27.6% 

Loss ratio: prior years' development 

5.7% 

(10.0%) 

15.5pts 

15.7pts 

44.6% 

(1.7%) 

35.4% 

(8.1%) 

Loss ratio 

48.8% 

17.6% 

31.2pts 

42.9% 

27.3% 

9.2pts 

6.4pts 

15.6pts 

GPW, NPW and NPE grew strongly in Q4 and on a full year basis. This was due to new business growth, stable policy 
retention, increasing rates in many lines of business as well as business from partnerships with certain MGAs, where the 
Company cedes a larger portion of the business to reinsurers on some of the partnerships.  

In the quarter, the loss ratio increased from Q4 2019, with higher current accident year losses as well as an increase in prior 
years’ development. Current accident year loss ratio  has  increased,  in  part  to reflect  the  uncertainty related to potential 
COVID-19 related claims.  An  increase in certain claims from  prior  accident years resulted  in an increase in prior years’ 
development loss ratio. The magnitude of growth experienced by Corporate Insurance also impacted the current accident 
year loss ratio, as new business bound was reserved for at a higher rate than prior years to reflect the uncertainty related 
to the current economic environment.  Should the economic climate become more certain, the current year loss ratio may 
return to previous levels.   For the full year, the loss ratio increased due to increased  severity of certain claims and less 
favourable prior years’ development. It is important to note that a portion of this prior years’ development accrued under an 
older reinsurance structure where our net retention was higher. This structure was amended in 2016. 

The dynamics described above resulted in a small Net underwriting loss in Q4 2020 and the full year period.  

14  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

UNITED STATES 

Our US company is a non-admitted surplus line insurer in all states, operating as a hybrid fronting carrier with a fee-based 
business model. We are actively expanding our admitted licenses, with licenses in 46 states and the intention of gaining 
admitted licenses across all 50 states in time.  

Our US company continued to accelerate premium  generation, producing GPW of $210.7  million  in Q4 2020 across  48 
programs. The graph below shows the evolution of GPW, fee income earned (1), and the number of programs bound in the 
US. 

GPW

Fee income earned

$210,654 

$8,449 

$171,028 

$144,819 

$6,315

$5,513

$120,682 

$95,371 

$4,099 

$55,467 

$41,886 

$71,187 

$3,103 

$2,352 

$1,294 

$7,585 

$6 

$57 

$17,658 

$27,194 

$254 

$595 

$1,540 

$965 

Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020 Q4 2020

4 

     11               11 

       14 

16 

      23 

25 

 29        35           38 

       40 

      48 

Number 
of 
Programs 
bound 

(1)  Fee income earned excludes fees earned on premiums ceded to captive reinsurance operations.  

15  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

The charts below provide a segmentation by class of business of our US GPW and NPW for Q4 2020 and 2020. The 
charts include premiums ceded to the captive reinsurance operations. 

Gross Premiums Written
Q4 2020(1)

Earthquake 3.3%

Other 8.2%

Farmowners Multiple -
Peril 1.5%
Homeowners Multiple -
Peril 6.4%

Gross Premiums Written
2020(1)

Other 7.4% Earthquake 1.1%

Farmowners Multiple -
Peril 2.4%

Homeowners Multiple -
Peril 6.1%

Commercial Auto
42.8%

Primary and Excess 
Casualty
13.2%

Primary and Excess 
Casualty
13.8%

Commercial Auto
44.6%

Commercial Multiple -
Peril 24.6%

Commercial Multiple -
Peril 24.6%

Net Premiums Written
Q4 2020(1)

Net Premiums Written
2020(1)

Earthquake 10.4%

Other 5.8%

Homeowners 
Multiple -
Peril 4.3%
Farmowners 
Multiple - Peril
3.2%

Commercial 
Auto 35.6%

Primary and 
Excess 
Casualty
19.2%

Commercial 
Multiple - Peril
21.5%

Earthquake 26.1%

Other 5.9%

Homeowners 
Multiple - Peril
4.0%

Farmowners 
Multiple - Peril
1.8%

Primary and 
Excess 
Casualty
13.1%

Commercial 
Auto 31.2%

Commercial 
Multiple - Peril
17.9%

(1) 

“Other” includes Auto Physical Damage, Allied Lines – Flood, MonoLine Property and Inland Marine.  

16  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

The table below presents financial highlights for our US operations. The table includes premiums ceded to the captive 
reinsurance operations, and excludes fronting fees earned on premiums ceded to the captive reinsurance operations.  

Gross premiums written 

210,654  

 95,371  

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ 
variance 
115,283  

% 
variance 
120.9% 

2020 

2019 

647,183  

263,911  

$ 
variance 
383,272  

%  
variance 
145.2% 

Net premiums written 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

 17,605  

 5,583  

 12,022  

215.3% 

 43,915  

 14,683  

 29,232  

199.1% 

 9,891  

 8,449  

 2,924  

 3,103  

 6,967  

238.2% 

 27,026  

 6,887  

 20,139  

292.4% 

 5,346  

172.3% 

 24,375  

 7,960  

 16,415  

206.2% 

Net underwriting revenue 

 18,340  

 6,027  

 12,313  

204.3% 

 51,401  

 14,847  

 36,554  

246.2% 

Net underwriting income 

5,780  

 1,272  

 4,508  

354.4% 

 15,113  

 2,252  

 12,861  

571.1% 

 1,158  

 5,710  

 896  

 262  

29.2% 

 3,880  

 2,112  

 1,768  

83.7% 

 1,570  

 4,140  

263.7% 

 16,382  

 3,816  

 12,566  

329.3% 

 2,136  

 (281) 

 2,417  

nm 

 14,908  

 2,239  

 12,669  

565.8% 

Net investment income 

Net income 
Comprehensive income 
(loss)(1) 
Loss ratio 

Retention rate 
Fees as percentage of ceded 
premium 
Fronting operational ratio 
ROE(2) 

75.9% 

8.4% 

60.9% 

5.9% 

6.0% 

5.8% 

68.5% 

78.9% 

11.7% 
(1)  Comprehensive income (loss) includes the impact of cumulative translation adjustments.  
(2)  ROE excludes premiums ceded to the captive reinsurance operations. 

5.0% 

74.0% 

6.8% 

63.2% 

5.6% 

5.8% 

5.7% 

70.6% 

11.7% 

84.8% 

5.0% 

The table below shows Deferred fee income as at Q4 2020, compared to Q4 2019.  

As at 

Deferred fee income 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

$ variance 

 18,306  

 8,286  

 10,020  

GPW and NPW grew significantly over the prior year period for both the quarter and full year. The increase was a result of 
the addition of new programs as well as maturation of existing programs. Growth in NPW was higher than growth in GPW 
in Q4 2020 and for the full year as our US operations  wrote more business in the period with  a higher retention. In the 
quarter, $11.2 million USD of premium were generated by admitted programs. 

The US operations retained 8.4% of GPW in Q4 2020 and 6.8% for the full year inclusive of GPW retained by our reinsurance 
operations. The remainder of which was ceded to third party reinsurers. The increase in retention in both periods reflects a 
more mature business mix and selective increased retention on renewed programs. We continue to target retention between 
5.0% and 10.0% on all new programs, after which we contemplate ceding to our captive reinsurer. Fees as a percentage of 
ceded premium were 6.0% in Q4 2020 and 5.8% for the full year which is comparable to 2019. The results in this section 
are inclusive of any premiums ceded to our Reinsurance operations. 

NPE has grown significantly in both the quarter and full year periods over 2019 as a result of the growth in premium written 
throughout 2019 and 2020 from both new and maturing programs. Fee income in the US reflects fronting fees received from 
reinsurers which are recognized over the life of the insurance contracts with which they are associated. The earnings pattern 
of fee income is similar to that of net premium earned. Earned fronting fees (Fee income) have grown strongly over the 
comparable periods in 2019 reaching $8.4 million in the quarter, and $24.4 million for the full year, a result of the significant 
growth in premiums in 2020 and their associated fee income.  

17  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

The loss ratio increased for Q4 and the full year as US property business experienced losses associated with civil unrest 
and storm activity in the quarter. Excluding these events which are associated with more volatile lines of business, the loss 
ratio continues to be in line with expectations, supporting profitability.  

The fronting operational ratio continued to improve to 68.5% in the quarter and 70.6% for the full year, significantly better 
than in 2019 reflecting growth in NPE and fronting fees as the business builds scale. 

Increases in investment income reflect a larger pool of assets as a result of the equity raises as well as reinvested earnings. 
Net Income increased in Q4 and in the full year over the same periods in 2019, primarily as a result of increased fee income 
as program volume and program partners continued to grow.  

Our US operations continued its trend of growing profitability, achieving an 11.7% ROE, following a significant increase in 
equity in Q2 2020.  

REINSURANCE 

Our  Reinsurance  business  ceased  writing  third  party  business  in  2008  but  previously  wrote  quota  share  reinsurance 
(prospective),  loss  portfolio  transfers  (retrospective)  and  niche,  specialty  contracts  covering  international  risks  across 
multiple commercial lines. Currently our international Reinsurance business is managing its remaining portfolio of in-force 
reinsurance contracts, and has commenced writing business in support of our US operations. 

The  remaining  in-force  portfolio  of  third-party  reinsurance  contracts  is  dominated  by  one  large  life  annuity  reinsurance 
contract denominated in Euros. We measure the performance of our Reinsurance business by reference to net income in 
order to capture (i) the change in annuity reserves which is included in claims expense; (ii) the offsetting change in the value 
of the supporting assets, which is included in net investment income as these supporting assets are designated FVTPL. 

Net (loss) income from life annuity 
Settlement from structured insurance 
assets 
Operating expenses and other (1) 

Net loss from legacy reinsurance 
Net income from reinsurance assumed 
from US Fronting 
Net loss before tax 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ variance 

2020 

2019 

$ variance 

 (611) 

 163  

 (774) 

 (4,588) 

 (15,773) 

 11,185  

 -   

 -   

 -       

- 

8,077 

(8,077) 

 (731) 

 (1,342) 

 (531) 

 (368) 

 (200) 

 (974) 

 (2,131) 

(786)  

(1,345) 

 (6,719) 

 (8,482) 

 1,763  

 168  

 21  

 147  

501  

 3  

 498  

 (1,174) 

 (347) 

 (827) 

 (6,218) 

 (8,479) 

 2,261  

 (1) Includes operating and other expenses, operational income from legacy property casualty business currently in run-off, and certain gains/losses. 

Net loss from legacy reinsurance in the quarter was driven by a slight mismatch in asset liability matching, and updated 
actuarial assumptions adopted in the quarter. Our asset liability matching is a market-based program and can experience 
volatility alongside volatile markets. Net loss from legacy reinsurance for the full year 2020 was lower than 2019 as a result 
of improved asset liability matching over the course of the year. To further strengthen our asset liability matching in 2020 
we  appointed  a  specialist  external  investment  manager  for  this  portfolio  effective  April  1,  2020.  Following  volatility 
experienced through the transition in Q2 2020, our new portfolio manager achieved improved matching in the remainder of 
the year, demonstrated by the improved full year results. 

Operating expenses and other in the quarter were higher than 2019 due to higher FX losses in 2020, as well as the impact 
of greater investment income in 2019 than 2020. In the full year period, Operating expenses and other was  higher than 
2019 as the prior year benefitted from higher investment income and FX gains. 

In Q4 2020 and for the full year 2020, positive net income has been generated from the reinsurance assumed in support of 
the US operations. 

18  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

CORPORATE  

Our corporate results represent expenses that do not relate specifically to any one business line of the Company as well as 
debt servicing costs and certain derivative gains and losses on hedging instruments.  

In Q4 2020 and full year periods corporate expenses were lower than Q4 2019 and full year 2019 due to lower compensation 
costs, which were higher in prior periods as a result of certain staffing transition costs, as well as an updated allocation of 
certain expenses to subsidiaries.  

Share-based compensation includes payment to directors and senior management and is impacted by movement in the 
share price. Share-based compensation was lower in Q4 2020 compared to Q4 2019 because of the comparatively lower 
increase in the value of our share price, and the increased effectiveness of our share-based compensation hedging program. 
Importantly, we have completed the hedging program for share-based compensation and expect that it will mitigate future 
share-based compensation volatility. Derivative gains of $0.6 million for Q4 2020 and $2.3 for the full year are included in 
the Share-based compensation line below. Derivative gains and losses are presented in Net  gains on the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements. 

Debt servicing costs declined in Q4 and full year period as we benefitted from lower prevailing interest rates on our revolving 
credit facility. 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ variance 

2020 

2019 

$ variance 

Corporate expenses 

Share-based compensation 

Debt servicing 

Corporate 

 (240)  

 (180)  

 (120)  

 (540)  

 (327)  

 (1,231)  

 (257)  

 (1,815)  

 87 

 1,051 

 137 

 1,275 

 (1,109)  

 (5,184)  

 (663)  

 (6,956)  

 (2,102)  

 (2,099)  

 (1,039)  

 (5,240)  

 993 

 (3,085)  

 376 

 (1,716)  

19  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 5 – INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

OVERVIEW 

The Company’s investment policy seeks to achieve attractive total returns without incurring an undue level of investment 
risk while supporting our liabilities and maintaining strong regulatory  and economic capital levels. We take a centralized 
investment approach across all subsidiary portfolios and invest with a global posture.  

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 

Our  $640.2  million  investment  portfolio  consists  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  short-term  securities,  government  and 
corporate bonds, preferred shares, common shares and a small amount of alternative investments. Over ninety percent of 
our fixed income holdings are highly liquid, investment grade bonds. 

     Fixed Income Securities by Rating 

        Investment Portfolio by Asset Class 

High Yield
10%

AAA
11%

BBB
31%

AA
22%

A
26%

Common 
Shares 
and 
Other
8%

Structured 
Insurance 
Asset
2%

Preferred 
Shares
9%

Cash, Cash 
Equivalent 
and Short 
Term 
Securities
22%

Government 
Bonds
15%

Corporate Bonds and 
Other Fixed Income
44%

20  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE  

 Investment Income  

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ variance 

2020 

2019 

$ variance 

Canada 

United States 

Reinsurance Operations 

Corporate 

Investment income (loss) 

Net gains (losses) 

Net investment income (loss) 

 1,863  

 1,158  

 2,689  

 212  

 5,922  

 2,822  

 8,744  

 2,010  

 665  

 (147) 

 493  

 7,842  

 3,880  

 (6,543) 

 9,232  

 15,594  

 7,796  

 2,112  

 6,335  

 -   

 (3,868) 

 (92) 

 212  

 9,790  

 2,914  

 463  

 -   

 27,779  

 16,243  

 11,536  

 8,450  

 1,572  

 6,878  

 (3,960) 

 12,704  

 36,229  

 17,815  

 18,414  

 46  

 1,768  

 9,259  

 463  

Settlement from structured insurance assets 

 -   

 -   

 -       

 -   

 8,077  

 (8,077) 

Total 

 8,744  

 (3,960) 

 12,704  

 36,229  

 25,892  

 10,337  

The Company’s operations currently include Specialty P&C insurance in Canada and the US, and international reinsurance. 
These  businesses  focus  on  different  market  segments,  geographic  regions  and  risks  and  can  be  subject  to  different 
regulatory  investment  requirements  and  accordingly,  hold  different  assets  and  currencies  to  support  their  liabilities. 
Consequently, investment returns are most appropriately viewed at a business unit level. 

Following the equity raise in May 2020, and subsequent deployment of funds to support growth in the US, some excess 
capital  is  being  managed  at  Trisura  Group  in  a  conservative  manner.  Net  Investment  income  is  driven  by  interest  and 
dividend income on portfolio assets. The market-based yield of the Trisura Group portfolio as at December 31, 2020 was 
3.4%. We expect to allocate additional capital to the US platform from Trisura Group as growth continues.  

Canadian investment income is driven by interest and dividend income on portfolio assets. Net investment income in the 
quarter and for the year was stable, benefitting from increased interest and dividend income in the full year, partially offset 
by an adjustment to cost allocation associated with investment management fees charged from Trisura Group. The market-
based yield of the Canadian portfolio as at December 31, 2020 was 3.6% (Q4 2019 – 4.1%). We continue to diversify the 
Canadian portfolio, having introduced additional alternative investments in Q4 2020, which are expected to enhance portfolio 
yield and grow as a portion of the portfolio going forward.  

In the quarter we continued to normalize the US portfolio to include allocations to asset classes beyond investment grade 
bonds.  The  market-based  yield  of  the  US  portfolio  as  at  December  31,  2020  was  3.4%  (Q4  2019  –  3.5%).  Investment 
income, which is primarily driven by interest income on this portfolio of bonds, grew in Q4 2020 and for the year as growth 
in operations led to an increase in the size of our investment portfolio, alongside the deployment of new capital from the 
equity raise in Q2 2020.  

In the Reinsurance portfolio, Euro-denominated bonds supporting the life annuity reserves are held at FVTPL. Investment 
income increased as interest rates fell through Q4 and full year 2020. Importantly, these investment gains were offset by 
reserve strengthening on the life annuity reserves. The market-based yield of the Reinsurance portfolio as at December 31, 
2020 was 1.5% (Q4 2019 – 1.7%).  

Net  gains  include  realized  gains  and  losses  from  sales  of  investments  in  the  investment  portfolio,  the  impact  of  foreign 
exchange related to the investment portfolio and the operations of the business, impairments and any derivative  gain or 
loss. Net gains were greater in Q4 2020 and for the year as a result of favourable foreign exchange movements and greater 
realized gains. 

21  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“OCI”) 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ variance 

2020 

2019 

$ variance 

Unrealized gains in OCI 

Cumulative translation 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

 10,853  

 (8,053) 

 2,800  

 936  

 9,917  

 4,942  

 5,717  

 (2,124) 

 (1,188) 

 (5,929) 

 (4,846) 

 (4,909) 

 3,988  

 96  

 808  

 (775) 

 63  

 (712) 

The Company records unrealized gains and losses in the market value of its AFS assets through OCI. The mark to market 
impact of these assets on OCI was positive in Q4 2020 and for the year, driven by unrealized gains in the fixed income, 
preferred share and equity portfolios in both Canada and the US.  

Foreign exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of Trisura International and Trisura US 
to  Canadian  dollars  are  recognized  as  cumulative  translation  gains  or  losses,  which  are  also  a  component  of  OCI. 
Cumulative translation losses in Q4 2020 and for the year were due to the strengthening of the Canadian currency against 
the US dollar, driving lower Canadian dollar valuations of capital held outside of Canada.  

Refer to Notes 7 and 8 in the Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail on the components of investment returns. 

22  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 6 – OUTLOOK & STRATEGY 

INDUSTRY 

The specialty insurance market offers products and services that are not written by most insurance companies. The risks 
covered  by  specialty  insurance  policies  generally  require  specialist  underwriting  knowledge  and  technical  financial  and 
actuarial expertise. Specialty lines are niche segments of the market that tend to involve more complex risks and a more 
concentrated set of competitors. Consequently, these risks are difficult to place in the standard insurance market where 
many carriers are unable or unwilling to underwrite them. As a result, specialty insurers have more pricing and policy form 
flexibility  than  traditional  market  insurers  whose  prices  and  policy  forms  are  subject  to  authorization  and  approval  by 
insurance regulators. Specialty lines are less commoditized areas of the market where relationships, product expertise and 
product structure are not easily replicated. For this reason, specialty insurers have historically, and are expected to continue 
to outperform the standard markets by having lower claims ratios and combined ratios than traditional insurance companies. 

In contrast to the standard P&C insurance market, which is divided almost evenly between personal and commercial lines, 
specialty insurers are focused almost exclusively on commercial lines. Even within the commercial sector, the business mix 
of the specialty insurers can vary significantly from that of the overall P&C industry. Although no standard definition for the 
specialty insurance market exists, some common examples of business written by specialty insurers include non-standard 
insurance, niche market segments (such as Surety, D&O and E&O) and products that require tailored underwriting. Many 
insurance groups with a specialty focus have several different carriers and licenses and allocate business between these 
carriers  depending  on  market  conditions  and  regulatory  requirements.  The  agency  channel  is  the  primary  distribution 
channel  for  specialty  insurance.  Managing  general  agents  often  serve  an  important  role  in  helping  carriers  distribute 
specialty insurance products. 

In the US, the excess and surplus insurance industry is more fragmented than the standard marketplace. It is estimated 
that the top ten players capture just under 40% of market share, with the top 25 players averaging two percent market share 
positions.  An  estimated  $55.5  billion  of  excess  and  surplus  insurance  direct  premiums  were  written  in  2019,  exhibiting 
significant growth compared to the broader P&C industry, expanding by 11.2%. From 2000 until 2019, the average combined 
ratio for excess and surplus markets was 97.0% versus 101.7% for the P&C industry. 

23  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY 

Our Company has an experienced management team with strong industry relationships and excellent reputations with rating 
agencies, insurance regulators and business partners. We have operated in the Canadian specialty P&C insurance market 
for more than 14 years and in the international specialty reinsurance market for over 18 years, establishing a conservative 
underwriting and investing track record.  

In Canada, we have built our brand through serving our clients, brokers and institutional partners as a leading provider of 
niche specialty insurance products. We will continue to build out our product offerings in existing and new niche segments 
of the market with suitably skilled underwriters and professionals. We remain committed to our broker distribution channel 
to promote and sell insurance products. We are selective in partnering with a limited brokerage force, focusing its efforts on 
leading brokerage firms in the industry with expertise in specialty lines. This distribution network currently comprises over 
150 major international, national and regional brokerage firms operating across Canada in all provinces and territories as 
well as boutique niche brokers with a focus on specialty lines. 

Our US business is now fully operational and demonstrating scale and profitability. It is licensed as a domestic excess and 
surplus lines insurer in Oklahoma operating as a non-admitted surplus lines insurer in all states, and as an admitted carrier 
in 46 states. We are in the process of obtaining admitted licenses in all remaining states. It is our belief that conditions are 
favourable  for  the  continued  growth  of  our  US  platform,  which  operates  as  a  hybrid  fronting  carrier  using  a  fee-based 
business model. Our focus is to source high quality business opportunities by partnering with a core base of established 
and well-managed program administrators. From our experience to date these program administrators welcome our new 
capacity as there is currently a lack of fronting carriers and the products and arrangements currently offered to them by the 
existing market do not always meet the needs of their business and clients.  

Furthermore, we continue to benefit form a strong supply of highly rated international reinsurance capacity keen to partner 
with us  to gain exposure to this business, allowing us to cede the majority of the risk on policies to these reinsurers on 
commercially favourable terms. This belief has been supported by our experience in the market through 2019 and 2020. 
We are confident that this platform will generate attractive, stable fee income while maintaining a small risk position, right-
sizing underwriting risk and aligning our interests with our program distribution partners and capacity providers. Our US 
business is already the largest component of GPW, and as we continue to grow, we expect that it will become an increasingly 
significant contributor to profitability. 

We will continue to develop our distribution network, building on our existing partner network in Canada and our core base 
of program administrators in the US. Our Company will strive to increase the penetration of our products with our partners 
by providing the support they require to enhance the effectiveness of their sales and marketing efforts. 

We also intend to consider acquisitions on an opportunistic basis and pursue those that fit with our strategic plan. Building 
on the knowledge and expertise of our existing operations, we intend to initially target businesses in the US that operate in 
similar niches of the specialty insurance market, or that can expand our licensing. The closing of 21st Century Preferred 
Insurance  Company  is  a  demonstration  of  the  willingness  and  capabilities  our  team  has  to  pursue  these  acquisitions. 
Additionally, our Reinsurance business has commenced writing new business in support of our US operations. 

24  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 7 – RISK MANAGEMENT 

Our  Company  has  developed  an  enterprise  risk  management  framework  and  internal  controls  processes  to  identify, 
measure, monitor and mitigate risk. This framework is central to our business decision making including the business we 
choose  to  write  and  the  business  we  choose  to  decline.  Furthermore,  for  the  business  we  write  the  risk  management 
framework  informs  our  determination  of  whether  to  retain  the  risk  fully  or  to  apply  risk  mitigation  measures  such  as 
reinsurance.  

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE  

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of risk management and internal control systems and policies. The Board 
of Directors has established Board of Directors level risk committees at group and subsidiary levels, whose members are 
mostly  independent  of  management.  These  committees  meet  quarterly  to  oversee  and  challenge  the  development  and 
effectiveness  of  risk  management  frameworks  and  priorities  and  to  review  risk  reporting.  The  Group  Risk  Management 
function, under the direction of the Group Chief Risk Officer,  promotes sound and effective risk management across the 
Company by (i) ensuring that effective processes are in place to identify, assess, monitor, manage and report the risks to 
which the Company is or might be exposed, (ii) facilitating the setting of risk tolerances, limits and appetite by the Board 
and (iii) providing comprehensive and timely information on material risks which enables the Board and the Risk Committee 
to understand the overall risk profile of the Company.  The Group Chief Risk Officer liaises with Risk Officers at subsidiary 
levels to develop consistency of approach with respect to risk identifying, assessing, monitoring, managing and reporting 
tailored to the operations of the subsidiaries. All Risk Officers at group and subsidiary levels report directly to their relevant 
risk committees. In addition, there are management level risk and underwriting committees at group and subsidiary levels 
with escalation processes to Board of Directors level committees. 

Trisura Group Ltd.  
Board of Directors 

Trisura Group Ltd.  
Risk Committee 

Trisura Group Ltd.  
Audit Committee 

Trisura Guarantee 
Risk Committee 

Trisura Specialty  
Audit and Risk Committee 

Trisura International  
Audit and Risk Committee 

Group Risk Management Function 

Entity Level Risk Management Functions 

Entity Level Management Underwriting and Risk Committees 

25  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
  
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

The following factors in addition to the other information set forth in this MD&A and in the Company’s Consolidated Financial 
Statements and Annual Information Form should be considered in assessing the risks to the Company and the industry and 
markets in which we operate. If any of the following risks occur our financial condition and results of operations would likely 
suffer. The following list of risks are those that the Company believes are the most significant. They are not the only risks 
that we face or may face in the future and other risks may emerge that could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition and results of operations. 

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Highly Competitive Specialty Insurance Business 

The specialty insurance business is highly competitive. Elements of competition include pricing, availability and quality of 
products,  capacity,  quality  and  speed  of  service,  ratings,  financial  strength,  distribution  and  technology  systems  and 
technical expertise. Our Company competes with many other insurance companies. Many of these competitors are larger 
and have greater financial resources than are available to our Company and have a greater ability to compete on the basis 
of price. Some of our competitors may offer a broader range of policy administration or other services or be willing to take 
on  significantly  more  underwriting  risk.  Any  increase  in  competition  in  this  segment,  especially  by  one  or  more  larger 
companies, could materially and adversely affect our Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and 
prospects. Competitors may also acquire distributors to our detriment. Consolidation amongst insurance companies and 
distribution  partners  could  also  impact  our  ability  to  compete.  As  competitors  introduce  new  products  and  as  new 
competitors enter the market, our Company may encounter additional and more intense competition. Technological change 
implemented by insurers or new market entrants can result in a change to the competitive landscape and adversely impact 
our ability to compete. There can be no assurance that we will continue to increase revenues or be profitable. To a large 
degree, future revenues of our Company are dependent upon our ability to continue to develop and market our products 
and to enhance the capabilities of our products to meet changes in customer needs. We seek to manage competition risks 
by  fostering  strong  relationships  with  our  distribution  partners  and  by  focusing  on  their  needs,  delivering  excellence  in 
service and providing valuable product expertise.  

Cyclical and Volatile Nature of Insurance Industry 

The financial performance of the insurance industry has historically tended to fluctuate in cyclical patterns of ‘‘soft’’ markets 
characterized generally by increased competition, resulting in lower premium rates and underwriting standards, followed by 
‘‘hard’’ markets characterized generally by lessening competition, stricter underwriting standards and increasing premium 
rates. Our Company’s profitability tends to follow this cyclical market pattern with profitability generally increasing in hard 
markets and decreasing in soft markets. These factors could result in fluctuations in the underwriting results and net income 
of our Company. Historically, the results of companies in the specialty insurance industry have been subject to significant 
fluctuations and uncertainties. Many of these factors are beyond our Company’s control. The profitability of specialty insurers 
can  be  affected  significantly  by  many  factors,  including  regulatory  regimes,  developing  trends  in  tort  and  class  action 
litigation,  adoption  of  consumer  initiatives  regarding  premium  rates  or  claims  handling  procedures,  and  privacy  and 
consumer  protection  laws  that  prevent  insurers  from  assessing  risk,  or  factors  that  have  a  high  correlation  with  risks 
considered, such as credit scoring. An economic downturn in those jurisdictions in which our Company writes business or 
otherwise conducts business activities, or adverse political conditions, could result in less demand for specialty insurance 
and lower policy premiums.  

Risks Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic 

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, which was declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic on 
March 11, 2020, and actions taken by government authorities globally in response to COVID-19, have interrupted business 
activities and supply chains; disrupted travel; contributed to significant volatility in the financial markets; resulted  in lower 
interest  rates;  impacted  social  conditions;  and  adversely  impacted  local,  regional,  national  and  international  economic 
conditions  as  well  as  the  labour  market.  As  a  result  of  the  rapid  spread  of  COVID-19,  many  companies  and  various 
governments have imposed restrictions on business activity and travel which may continue and could expand. The Company 
has largely transitioned to a remote work environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited impact to the 

26  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Company’s  workforce.  Governments  and  central  banks  around  the  world  have  enacted  fiscal  and  monetary  stimulus 
measures to counteract the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and various other response measures, however, the overall 
magnitude and long-term effectiveness of these actions remain uncertain. Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the 
circumstances  surrounding  COVID-19,  it  is  difficult  to  predict  how  significant  the  impact  of  COVID-19,  including  any 
responses to it, will be on the global economy and our Company or for how long any disruptions are likely to continue.  

The nature and extent of such impacts will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, rapidly evolving and 
difficult to predict, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19. Additional actions 
may be taken to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, such as re-imposing previously lifted measures or putting in place 
additional restrictions. The pace, availability, distribution and acceptance of effective vaccines could also affect the impact 
of COVID-19. Such developments may result in a material adverse effect on our assets, liquidity, financial condition and the 
operating results of our insurance business due to its impact on the economy and global financial markets there can be no 
assurance that strategies to address these risks will mitigate the adverse impacts related to the outbreak. 

Reliance on distribution partners, capacity providers and program administrators (“PAs”)  

Trisura Guarantee distributes its products primarily through a network of distribution partners. These distribution partners 
also sell our competitors’ products and may, subject to certain limitations, reduce or stop selling our products altogether. 
Strong  competition  exists  among  insurers  for  distribution  partners  with  demonstrated  ability  to  sell  insurance  products. 
Premium volume and profitability could be materially adversely affected if there is a material decrease in the number of 
distribution partners that choose to sell our Company’s products. Trisura Specialty offers fronting arrangements to capacity 
providers that want to access specific US specialty insurance business. Capacity providers may be under common control 
with a particular PA or may be independent. An independent capacity provider may reinsure a single book or multiple books 
with various PAs. A single PA may control a single book with one capacity provider or multiple books with various capacity 
providers.  Other  specialty  insurance  companies  may  compete  with  Trisura  Specialty  for  this  business.  These  capacity 
providers and PAs may choose to enter into fronting arrangements with Trisura Specialty’s competitors or PAs, or capacity 
providers may terminate fronting arrangements with Trisura Specialty if they no longer need access to its fronting capacity 
or for other reasons.  

Consolidation among capacity providers could also reduce the availability of capacity available to our Company. A significant 
decrease in business from any of these distribution partners, capacity providers or PAs would cause our Company to lose 
premiums and require us to find other partners to replace those lost premiums. We seek to manage these risks by using a 
diversified group of distribution partners, capacity providers and program administers. We further foster strong relationships 
with  our  business  partners  by  delivering  excellence  in  service  and  product  expertise.  Where  we  have  granted  binding 
authority  to  our  distribution  partners  and  PAs  we  limit  such  authority  to  agreed  underwriting  guidelines  and  monitor  the 
business underwritten. Nonetheless, situations could arise where binding authority business could result in losses and have 
a have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition. 

A.M. Best Ratings 

Rating agencies evaluate insurance companies based on their ability to pay claims. The ratings of A.M. Best are subject to 
periodic review using, among other things, proprietary capital adequacy models, and are subject to revision or withdrawal 
at  any  time.  A.M.  Best  ratings  are  directed  toward  the  concerns  of  policyholders  and  insurance  agencies  and  are  not 
intended for the protection of investors or as a recommendation to buy, hold or sell securities. Ratings are an important 
factor  in  establishing  and  maintaining  our  competitive  position  in  the  specialty  insurance  market  and  especially  in 
commercial insurance. Each of Trisura Guarantee and Trisura Specialty have been assigned a financial strength rating of 
A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best with stable outlook. There can be no assurances that Trisura Guarantee or Trisura Specialty 
will be able to maintain these ratings. Any downgrade in these ratings would likely adversely affect our business through 
the loss of certain existing and potential policyholders to other companies with higher ratings, and through certain insurance 
brokerage firms with which we now do business seeking a higher rated issuing carrier to write their business. 

27  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Insurance Risks: 

Insurance risk is the risk that the ultimate cost of claims and loss adjustment expense, as well as acquisition expenses, 
related to  insurance contracts will  exceed  premiums received in respect of those contracts. This could  occur where the 
frequency  or  severity  of  claims  is  greater  than  expected.  For  Life  and  Annuity  policies,  insurance  risk  may  also  include 
differences between expected and actual experience for policyholder behaviour, lapse, longevity, mortality, morbidity and 
the  timing  of  claims.  Some  additional  components  of  insurance  risk  such  as  product  and  pricing  risk,  concentrations  of 
insurance risk and exposure to large losses, and estimates of loss reserves are described below.  

For more information on insurance risk and the management of insurance risk see Note 2.4 (Insurance contracts), Note 11 
(Unearned  premiums),  Note  9  (Unpaid  claims  and  loss  adjustment  expenses),  and  Note  15.1  (Insurance  risk)  to  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. 

1 - Product and Pricing 

The pricing process relies on estimates of future loss costs and loss adjustment expenses. If we do not accurately assess 
and price for the risks assumed in our insurance policies, profitability could be negatively affected. On the other hand, setting 
premiums too high could impact competitiveness and growth. We price our products considering numerous factors, including 
claims frequency and severity trends, product line expense ratios, special risk factors, reinsurance costs, the capital required 
to support the product line, the investment income earned on that capital, and the competitive landscape of the insurance 
markets where we compete. Our Company’s pricing processes are designed to ensure an appropriate return on capital. 
These factors are reviewed and adjusted periodically to ensure they reflect the current environment. Our Company seeks 
to manage this risk through the effective use of underwriting policies and guidelines, and by disciplined risk selection. Careful 
oversight  is  applied  and  guidelines  are  reviewed  to  reflect  emerging  trends.  Insurance  risk  is  further  mitigated  through 
effective  claims  and  expense  management  and  through  the  use  of  reinsurance.  Technological  change  implemented  by 
insureds could change the profile of the risks insured by our policies. 

2 - Concentration of insurance risk and exposure to large losses  

Concentration risk is the risk that our Company’s insurance products are concentrated within a particular geographic area, 
industry, class of business, or insured, thereby increasing the exposure of our Company to a single event or a series of 
related events. Unexpected large losses may result from events such as the unforeseen failure of a large contractor, as a 
result of accumulations of large numbers of insurance or reinsurance contracts exposed to similar perils, adverse economic 
conditions,  exposure  to  mass  torts,  terrorism,  or  natural  or  man-made  catastrophes.  Climate  change  may  increase  the 
frequency or severity on natural catastrophes.  Large losses could also be the result of future unforeseen changes in the 
legal  environment  that  could  broaden  our  insurance  coverage  beyond  the  policy’s  original  intent.  Exposure  could  also 
aggregate through cyber-attacks where directly covered under our policies or through “silent cyber” where potential losses 
are  not  specifically  included  nor  excluded  in  the  policy  wording.  Certain  policy  exclusions  could  also  be  found  to  be 
unenforceable. When a large loss is identified, we may be required to strengthen reserves which could decrease earnings 
in  that  period.  We  seek  to  mitigate  this  risk  through  monitoring  and  modeling  techniques  to  review  the  portfolio  for 
concentration and aggregation of risks and through the purchase of reinsurance. We make adjustments as needed in order 
to ensure exposures are within tolerances. The active management of our reinsurance programs and collateral requirements 
is also an important element in maintaining net claims exposures within the Company’s risk tolerance. 

28  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

3 - Estimates of Loss Reserves 

The liability for unpaid claims and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of all claims 
incurred  but  not  paid  by  the  statement  of  financial  position  date.  The  reserving  process  employed  in  determining  future 
claims and LAE payments includes consideration of individual case claims and LAE estimates on open reported claims as 
well as provisions for future development of such estimates and claims and LAE related to incurred but not reported claims. 
In some instances, further provisions are made for the time value of money by applying discount rates based on projected 
investment income from the assets supporting this liability. The Company uses qualified actuaries in its reserving processes.  

In  estimating  unpaid  claims  and  LAE,  a  range  of  actuarial  techniques  are  used.  Typically,  these  techniques  consider 
historical  loss  development  factors  and  payment  patterns.  They  require  the  use  of  assumptions  relating  to  future 
development of claims and LAE, future rates of claims frequency and severity, claims inflation, the level of insurance fraud, 
payment patterns and reinsurance recoveries, taking into consideration the nature of the insurance policies. For Life and 
Annuity policies, the reserve process typically includes estimates of lapse, future policyholder behaviour, longevity, mortality, 
morbidity,  the  timing  of  claim  payments  and  discount  rates.  Most  or  all  of  these  factors  are  not  directly  quantifiable, 
particularly on a prospective basis, and the effects of these and unforeseen factors could negatively impact our Company’s 
ability to accurately assess the reserves required for the policies that we write. Typically, the delay to ultimate settlement of 
claims increases the uncertainty of the estimate of the ultimate cost of those claims and LAE. The uncertainty in estimation 
tends to be higher for long-tail lines where information typically emerges over time. For the reinsurance business, the time 
lag in obtaining information from ceding insurers as  well as differing reserve practices employed by ceding insurers can 
further  increase  the  uncertainty  of  the  estimate.  In  certain  circumstances,  explicit  actuarial  margins  are  included  in  the 
reserves in recognition of the inherent uncertainty of the estimates and the possibility of deterioration in experience relative 
to expectation in relation to claims development, investment return rates and recoverability of reinsurance balances. The 
reserves  for  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  are  reviewed  regularly  and  evaluated  in  light  of  emerging  claims  experience  and 
changing circumstances. Nonetheless, although our Company’s management believes our overall reserve levels as at the 
date of the financial statements are adequate to meet our obligations under existing policies, actual losses may deviate, 
perhaps substantially, from the reserves reflected in our Company’s financial statements. To the extent reserves prove to 
be inadequate, our Company would have to increase such reserves and incur a charge to earnings.  

Availability of Reinsurance 

Our  reinsurance  arrangements  are  with  a  limited  number  of  reinsurers.  A  decline  in  the  availability  of  reinsurance  or 
increases in the cost of reinsurance could increase costs or materially impact the amount of business we could underwrite. 
There can be no assurance that developments may not occur in the future which might cause a shortage of reinsurance 
capacity in those classes of business which we underwrite.  

Ability to recover amounts due from reinsurers  

Our Company uses reinsurance in the ordinary course of business to reduce its exposure to any one claim or event under 
the policies we issue. Reinsurance is also a key component of the Trisura Specialty hybrid fronting model. Reinsurance 
does not relieve our Company of its obligations to policyholders. Our Company is ultimately at risk on the limits of coverage 
provided under insurance policies we write, regardless of whether we have ceded a portion of this exposure to reinsurers. 
If a reinsurer is unwilling or unable to satisfy its obligations, our Company does not have the right to correspondingly reduce 
its claims payment obligations.  

If our Company fails to realize a reinsurance recoverable owed under these arrangements our financial condition could be 
materially and adversely affected. The Company has a reinsurance risk management policy in place to manage the credit 
risk  associated  with  recoverables  from  reinsurers  including  requirements  for  using  licensed  reinsurers,  minimum  credit 
ratings and concentration limits. When the Company uses un-registered or un-rated reinsurers, collateral is used to manage 
credit risk.  

For more information on reinsurance and the Company’s management of its recoverable amounts due from reinsurers, see 
Note 15.2 (Credit risk) and Note 16 (Reinsurance) to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

29  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Financial Risks: 

The significant financial risks are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (comprising currency risk, interest rate risk and 
other price risks such as equity risk). The notes to our Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements provide further detail 
on these risks and the ways in which we monitor and control these risks. To the extent that those risks emerge, they could 
have a material adverse effect on our Company’s business, financial condition and performance.  

1 - Credit Risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause our Company to incur 
a  financial  loss.  Credit  risk  arises  mainly  from  investments  in  bonds  and  short-term  securities,  the  structured  insurance 
assets,  and  balances  receivable  from  insurance  brokers  and  reinsurers.  Concentrations  of  credit  risk  can  arise  from 
exposures  to  a  single  debtor,  a  group  of  related  debtors  or  groups  of  debtors  that  have  similar  risk  characteristics,  for 
example they may operate in the same or similar industries. For premiums receivable, our Company uses insurance brokers, 
managing general agents, and PAs as intermediaries for the distribution of its product offerings and is therefore subject to 
the risk that these agents fail to remit the premiums they have collected on its behalf. With respect to credit risk associated 
with  recoveries  under  reinsurance  contracts,  see  the  section  “Ability  to  recover  amounts  due  from  reinsurers”.  Our 
investment policies mitigate credit risk through requirements relating to type, credit quality, size and duration of permitted 
investments among other factors. Management monitors credit quality on an ongoing basis. For premiums receivable, the 
Company monitors accounts receivable and follows-up all past due amounts to ensure satisfactory collection arrangements 
are in place. See Note 15.2 (Credit risk) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the management 
of credit risk. 

2 – Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities 
that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. Generally, our Company’s financial  liabilities are settled by 
delivering cash from the cash flow generated from its operations to satisfy its liquidity requirements, which are primarily 
operating expenses and claims and loss adjustment payments. By their nature, the timing and quantum of claims and loss 
adjustment  payments  are  subject  to  significant  uncertainty  and  are  estimated  actuarially.  Although  our  Company  has 
reinsurance treaties in place under which a portion of the claim payments may be recovered, including by way of set off 
against premiums payable to the reinsurers, such recoveries usually follow the making of payments and often delays of a 
number of months can occur. Hence our Company must have access to sufficient liquid resources to fund gross amounts 
payable  when required.  Our Company periodically  pledges assets under insurance and reinsurance  trust  arrangements 
which  are  therefore  not  readily  available  for  general  use  by  our  Company.  To  manage  its  liquidity  requirements,  the 
Company keeps some of its assets in cash and cash equivalents and has a highly rated, highly liquid investment portfolio. 
The Company’s investment policy sets out credit quality criteria and has limits on single issuer exposures. In addition, the 
investment  policy  stipulates  average  duration  of  bonds  relative  to  average  duration  of  claim  liabilities.  See  Note  15.3 
(Liquidity risk) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the management of liquidity risk. 

30  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

3 - Market Risk 

Exposure to this risk results from business activities including investment transactions involving the  purchase or sale  of 
financial instruments. Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate 
because of changes in market prices which could be driven by financial market conditions, general economic conditions, 
political  conditions,  or  other  factors.  Market  risk  includes  currency  risk,  interest  rate  risk  and  other  price  risks  such  as 
equity risk. See Note 15.4 (Market risk) of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the management 
of market risk. 

i)  Currency Risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign exchange rates. Our Company has  operations in the United States and Canada, as well as European exposure 
through its reinsurance operations and therefore has exposure to currency risk arising from fluctuations in exchange rates 
of the Canadian dollar and Euro against the USD. The Company also has currency risk as a result of holding investments 
in the Company’s Canadian operations denominated in USD. The foreign currency positions of the Company are monitored 
regularly  and  the  Company  may  use  derivatives  to  manage  foreign  exchange  risks  where  material  unmatched  foreign 
exchange positions exist in the investment portfolio. 

ii) 

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates. Bonds, structured insurance assets 
and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of bonds, to the extent they are held to maturity, 
the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the original yield to maturity. The fair value of bonds generally 
changes  inversely  with  changes  in  market  rates  of  interest,  with  greater  impact  to  bonds  with  longer  durations.  The 
Company’s unpaid claims balance is also subject to interest rate risk, in particular the Company’s life annuity reserves which 
have longer durations. The Company manages its interest rate risk through its investment policy which considers average 
duration of bonds held and maximum maturity limit as well as asset liability matching.  

iii)  Equity Price Risk 

Equity  price  risk  is  the  uncertainty  associated  with  the  valuation  of  assets  arising  from  changes  in  equity  markets.  The 
Company’s exposure to equity price risk is managed and mitigated through its investment policy which sets out maximum 
exposures to equities at aggregate and per issuer levels as well as requiring diversification across different industry sectors. 

Negative Publicity in the Specialty Insurance Industry 

A number of our Company’s products and services are ultimately distributed to individual consumers. From time to time, 
consumer advocacy groups or the media may focus attention on products and service of the specialty insurance industry 
or our Company, thereby subjecting the specialty insurance industry or our Company to periodic negative publicity. Negative 
publicity may also result in increased regulation and legislative scrutiny of practices in the specialty insurance industry as 
well as increased litigation. Such consequences may increase our Company’s costs of doing business and adversely affect 
our Company’s profitability by impeding our ability to market our products and services or increasing the regulatory burdens 
under which our Company operates. 

Reliance on Key Personnel 

The success of our Company depends upon the personal efforts of our senior management. The loss of the services of 
such key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the operations of our Company. In addition, our Company’s 
continued growth depends on our ability to attract and retain skilled management and employees and the ability of our key 
personnel to manage our Company’s growth. Recruiting and retaining skilled personnel is costly and highly competitive. If 
our Company fails to retain, hire, train and integrate qualified employees and contractors, we may not be able to maintain 
and expand our business. Certain key personnel are not bound by non-competition covenants. If such personnel depart our 

31  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Company and subsequently compete with our Company or determine to devote significantly more time to other business 
interests,  such  activities  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  Company’s  business,  financial  condition  and 
performance.  The  Company’s  strategies  to  manage  this  risk  include  succession  planning  for  key  employees,  employee 
engagement surveys and third-party compensation reviews. 

Litigation Risk 

The  Company  is  subject  to  claims  and  litigation  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  resulting  from  alleged  errors  and 
omissions in placing specialty insurance and handling claims. The placement of specialty insurance and the handling of 
claims involve substantial amounts of money. Since negligence claims against our Company may allege our Company’s 
potential liability for all or part of the amounts in question, claimants may seek large damage awards and these claims can 
involve  significant  defense  costs.  Claims  of  negligence  against  our  Company  could  include,  for  example,  errors  and 
omissions or intentional wrongful acts by the Company’s employees or agents, in the adjudication of claims, in the placing 
of  coverage,  in  the  handling  of  consumer  complaints,  in  failing  to  appropriately  and  adequately  disclose  insurer  fee 
arrangements to consumers, or in the handling of funds that we hold for our customers on a fiduciary basis. It is not always 
possible  to  prevent  or  detect  errors  and  omissions,  and  the  precautions  our  Company  takes  may  not  be  effective  in  all 
cases. In addition to litigation associated with our insurance policies, we also face risk associated  with general corporate 
and commercial litigation. To the extent that these risks emerge, they could have a material adverse effect on our Company’s 
business,  financial  condition  and  performance.  In  addition,  litigation  may  harm  our  Company’s  reputation  or  divert 
management resources away from operating our business. 

Holding Company 

Trisura  Group  is  a  holding  company  and  its  material  assets  consist  primarily  of  interests  in  our  operating  subsidiaries. 
Consequently, we depend on distributions and other payments from our operating businesses to provide us with the funds 
necessary to meet our  holding company financial obligations. Our operating businesses are legally distinct from Trisura 
Group and some of them are or may become restricted in their ability to pay dividends and distributions or otherwise make 
funds available to Trisura Group pursuant to local law, regulatory requirements and their contractual agreements, including 
agreements  governing  their  financing  arrangements.  Our  operating  businesses  are  generally  required  to  meet  their 
policyholder and other obligations before making distributions to Trisura Group. 

Adverse Effects of Regulatory Changes 

The specialty insurance industry is heavily regulated. Changes in the regulations governing the specialty insurance industry 
in any jurisdiction in which we operate, or increased regulations, may significantly affect the operations and financial results 
of our Company. Our Company is subject to the laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which we carry on business, 
including Canada, the US and Barbados. These laws, rules and regulations cover many aspects of our business, the assets 
in which we may invest, the levels of capital and surplus and the standards of solvency that we must maintain, and the 
amounts of dividends which we may declare and pay. Changes to laws, rules or regulations are difficult to predict and could 
materially  adversely  affect  our  Company’s  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  In  addition,  more 
restrictive laws, rules or regulations may be adopted in the future that could make compliance more difficult or expensive. 
Trisura  Guarantee  is  regulated  by  OSFI  and  other  provincial  regulators  in  the  provinces  in  which  it  conducts  business. 
Trisura Specialty is regulated by the Department of Insurance in Oklahoma, as well as other state regulatory agencies in 
which it conducts business. Trisura International Insurance is regulated by the Financial Services Commission in Barbados. 
Each  of  these  regulators  has  broad  supervisory  and  regulatory  powers  available  to  them  in  connection  with  licenses, 
solvency capital requirements, investments, dividends, corporate governance, requirements for key personnel, conduct of 
business rules, periodic examinations and reporting requirements. The regulators have the authority to take enforcement 
actions and impose sanctions, including directing the regulated entity to refrain from a course of action or to perform acts 
necessary to remedy situations, imposing fines and the withdrawal of authorization. In certain circumstances, the regulators 
may take control of regulated insurance or reinsurance companies. There is no guarantee that these regulators would not 
take such actions under certain circumstances with respect to Trisura Guarantee, Trisura Specialty or Trisura International 
Insurance. The imposition of such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and 
performance. 

32  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Change of Control Restrictions of US Insurance Laws 

The  laws  of  the  State  of  Oklahoma,  where  Trisura  Specialty  is  domiciled,  require  prior  approval  by  the  Department  of 
Insurance in Oklahoma of any change of control of an insurer. ‘‘Control’’ is defined as the possession, direct or indirect, of 
the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the regulated insurance company, whether 
through  the  ownership  of  voting  securities,  by  contract  or  otherwise.  Control  is  presumed  to  exist  through  the  direct  or 
indirect ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of an insurance company domiciled in Oklahoma or any entity 
that controls an insurance company domiciled in Oklahoma. Any person wishing to acquire ‘‘control’’ of our Company would 
first be required to obtain the approval of the Department of Insurance in Oklahoma or file appropriate disclaimers. These 
laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of our Company, 
including  through  transactions  (and  in  particular,  unsolicited  transactions),  that  some  or  all  of  our  shareholders  might 
consider to be desirable.  

Regulatory Challenges to Use of Fronting Arrangements 

Trisura Specialty enters into arrangements under which it permits its licensed status to be used in partnerships with high 
quality and collateralized reinsurers to issue insurance policies originated by PAs. The PA underwrites (consistent with rates 
and forms agreed to by Trisura Specialty and its reinsurers), and administers the business, a third party administrator is 
hired by Trisura Specialty to settle all claims, and the reinsurer(s) reinsure, on average, 90% to 100% of the risks. This is 
considered a hybrid “fronting” arrangement. Trisura Specialty receives a ceding fee, and shares its proportionate share in 
the profits or losses of the business it writes with the reinsurer(s). Some state insurance regulators may object to Trisura 
Specialty’s fronting arrangements. 

Notwithstanding these state law restrictions on ceding insurers, the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act contained in 
the United States Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the ‘‘NRRA’’) provides that all laws of a 
ceding insurer’s nondomestic state (except those with respect to taxes and assessments on insurers or insurance income) 
are pre-empted to the extent that they otherwise apply the laws of the state to reinsurance agreements of  nondomestic 
ceding insurers. The NRRA places the power to regulate reinsurer financial solvency primarily with the reinsurer’s domiciliary 
state and requires credit for reinsurance to be recognized for a nondomestic ceding company if it is allowed by the ceding 
company’s  domiciliary  state.  A  state  insurance  regulator  might  not  view  the  NRRA  as  pre-empting  a  state  regulator’s 
determination that an unauthorized reinsurer must obtain a license or that a statute prohibits Trisura Specialty from engaging 
in a fronting business. However, such a determination or a conflict between state law and the NRRA could cause regulatory 
uncertainty about Trisura Specialty’s fronting business, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition, results of operations and prospects. 

Future Acquisitions 

A  key  part  of  our  Company’s  growth  strategy  involves  seeking  acquisition  opportunities.  We  face  competition  for 
acquisitions, including from our competitors, many of whom will have greater financial resources than us. There can be no 
assurance that we will complete acquisitions. In addition, future acquisitions will likely involve some or all of the following 
risks, which could materially and adversely affect our Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations: the 
difficulty of integrating the acquired operations and personnel into our current operations; potential disruption of our current 
operations; diversion of resources, including our Company’s management’s time and attention; the difficulty of managing 
the growth of a larger organization; the risk of not attaining expected benefits; the risk of entering markets in which we have 
little experience; the risk of becoming involved in labour, commercial or regulatory disputes or litigation related to the new 
enterprise; the risk of environmental or other liabilities associated with the acquired business; and the risk of a change of 
control  resulting  from  an  acquisition  triggering  rights  of  third  parties  or  government  agencies  under  contracts  with,  or 
authorizations held by, the operating business being acquired. It is possible that due diligence investigations into businesses 
being  acquired  may  fail  to  uncover  all  material  risks,  or  to  identify  a  change  of  control  trigger  in  a  material  contract  or 
authorization, or that a contractual counterparty or government agency may take a different view on the interpretation of 
such a provision to that taken by us, thereby resulting in a dispute. 

33  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Inability to Generate Necessary Amount of Cash to Service Existing Debt 

Our Company’s ability to pay principal and interest on our credit facility will depend on its future financial performance. Our 
Company’s ability to generate cash will depend on many factors, some of which may be beyond its control, including general 
economic, financial and regulatory conditions. If our Company cannot generate enough cash flow in the future to service its 
debt or cannot renew the credit facility on its existing terms, it may need to refinance its debt, obtain additional financing (on 
terms that may be less favourable than existing financing terms) or sell assets. Our Company might not be able to implement 
any of these strategies on satisfactory terms or on a timely basis, if at all. If our Company is unable to meet its debt service 
obligations or comply with its covenants, a default under the credit facility would result. 

Future Capital Requirements 

Our Company’s future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including the performance of Trisura Guarantee, 
continued development of our US business, and the status of competition and regulatory and rating agency requirements. 
There can be no assurance that financing will be available to our Company on acceptable terms, or at all. If additional funds 
are raised by issuing equity securities, dilution to our existing shareholders will result. If adequate funds are not available, 
our  Company  may  be  required  to  delay,  scale  back  or  abandon  growth  plans.  An  inability  to  obtain  financing  or  similar 
financial  support  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  Company’s  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. 

Potential Volatility of Common Share Price 

The market price for the Common Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, 
many  of  which  are  beyond  our  Company’s  control,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  the  following:  (i)  actual  or  anticipated 
fluctuations in our Company’s quarterly results of operations; (ii) changes in estimates of our Company’s future financial 
performance; (iii) recommendations by securities research analysts; (iv) changes in the economic performance or market 
valuations of other issuers that investors deem comparable to our Company; (v) the addition or departure of our executive 
officers and other key personnel; (vi) sales or anticipated sales of additional Common Shares; (vii) significant acquisitions 
or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving our Company or our 
competitors; (viii) actual or prospective changes in government laws, rules or regulations affecting our businesses; (ix) the 
general state of the securities markets; (x) changes and developments in general economic, political, or social conditions, 
including  as  a  result  of  COVID-19  and  the  global  economic  shutdown;  (xi)  the  depth  and  liquidity  of  the  market  for  the 
Common  Shares;  (xii)  news  reports  relating  to  trends,  concerns,  technological  or  competitive  developments,  regulatory 
changes and other related issues in our industry or target markets; and (xiii) the materialization of other risks described in 
this section. 

Financial markets have in the past experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the 
market  prices  of  equity  securities  of  public  entities  and  that  have,  in  many  cases,  been  unrelated  to  the  operating 
performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such entities. Accordingly, the market price of the Common Shares 
may decline even if our Company’s operating results, underlying asset values or prospects have not changed. Additionally, 
these  factors,  as  well  as  other  related  factors,  may  cause  decreases  in  asset  values  that  are  deemed  to  be  other  than 
temporary,  which  may  result  in  impairment  losses.  As  well,  certain  institutional  investors  may  base  their  investment 
decisions on consideration of our Company’s governance and social practices and performance against such institutions’ 
respective investment guidelines and criteria, and failure to satisfy such criteria may result in limited or no investment in the 
Common  Shares by those  institutions, which could materially adversely affect the trading  price  of the Common  Shares. 
There can be no assurance that fluctuations in price and volume will not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and 
market turmoil continue for a protracted period of time, our Company’s operations and the trading price of the Common 
Shares may be materially adversely affected. 

34  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Small Company Liquidity Risk 

Trisura  Group  is  a  relatively  small  company  in  terms  of  market  capitalization.  As  such,  the  share  price  of  the  Common 
Shares may be more volatile than the shares of larger, more established companies. The Common Shares may trade less 
frequently and in smaller volume than shares of large companies. As a result, it may be difficult to buy or sell the Common 
Shares in a timely fashion relative to buying or selling shares of large companies on the secondary market. We may also 
have relatively few Common Shares outstanding at any given time, so a sale or purchase of Common Shares may have a 
greater impact on the price of the Common Shares. 

Future Sales of Substantial Amount of Share Capital 

The articles of incorporation, as amended, of Trisura Group provide that Trisura Group may issue an unlimited number of 
Common Shares, an unlimited  number of non-voting  shares and an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in 
series), subject to the rules of any stock exchange on which Trisura Group’s securities may be listed from time to time. If 
Trisura Group was to issue any additional Common Shares, non-voting shares or preference shares, or such other classes 
of  authorized  shares  that  are  convertible  or  exchangeable  for  Common  Shares,  the  percentage  ownership  of  existing 
holders may be reduced and diluted. We cannot foresee the terms and conditions of any future offerings of our securities 
nor the effect of such offerings on the market price of the Common Shares. Any issuance of a significant percentage of 
Trisura Group’s securities, or the perception that such issuances may occur, could have a material adverse effect on the 
market price of the Common Shares and limit our ability to fund our operations through capital raising transactions in the 
future. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue non-voting shares and preference shares and determine the price, 
designation,  rights  (including  voting  and  dividend  rights),  preferences,  privileges,  restrictions  and  conditions  of  the 
preference shares, and to determine to whom non-voting and preference shares shall be issued. 

Business Interruption from Unpredictable Catastrophic Events 

Our company’s operations may be subject to losses resulting from the disruption in operations. Regular functioning of our 
operations may be disrupted by natural catastrophes such as hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, hailstorms, explosions, 
severe  winter  weather  and  fires,  by  man-made  catastrophic  events  include  hostilities,  terrorist  acts,  riots,  crashes  and 
derailments,  by  a  disruption  in  key  suppliers  for  example  power  grids,  internet  service  providers,  and  cloud  computing 
providers, or by an epidemic or pandemic. Certain events may also cause damage to our Company’s physical property or 
may impact key personnel or trading positions. Our Company maintains business continuity plans and technology disaster 
recovery plans. If these plans cannot be put into action or are in-effective or do not take such events into account, losses 
may further increase. 

Dependence on Technology 

Our  Company  is  heavily  dependent  on  systems  technology  to  process  large  volumes  of  transactions  and  our  business 
would suffer if the technology employed is inadequate or inappropriate to support current and future business needs and 
objectives. To ensure our Company is able to effectively respond to potential technology failures and mitigate the inherent 
risk, our Company maintains technology disaster recovery plans for each of our operating companies. 

Cyber-Security 

Our  information  technology  systems  may  be  subject  to  cyber  terrorism  intended  to  obtain  unauthorized  access  to  our 
proprietary  information,  destroy  data  or  disable,  degrade  or  sabotage  our  systems,  often  through  the  introduction  of 
computer malware, social engineering, cyber-attacks and other means, and could originate from a wide variety of sources, 
including internal or unknown third parties. If our information systems are compromised, do not operate or are disabled, this 
could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition, or results of operations. Additionally, if 
our  information  systems  are  compromised  and  personally  identifiable  information  is  released,  there  could  be  regulatory 
reporting obligations leading to material reputational harm or even litigation.  We seek to mitigate this risk through strong 
network  security,  network  monitoring,  third  party  vulnerability  assessments,  employee  training  and  awareness,  data 
backups, disaster recovery planning, and privacy breach planning.  

35  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Other Operational Risks 

Through the course of our business we rely on employees, systems, distribution partners, third party vendors and service 
providers. We are exposed to the potential failure on the part of any of these parties, whether through error, fraud, crime, 
failure to comply with regulatory standards, failure to comply with internal policies or otherwise. It is not always possible to 
identify  and correct these  failures and  the internal  processes that we  have  in place may  not be effective  in  all cases at 
identifying or mitigating these situations in time. In such a case, our reputation, financial condition and results of operations 
could be negatively impacted. We rely on estimates and models in the course of our business whether internal models or 
vendor models. These models have a high degree of uncertainty and are based on historical data, scenarios and judgement 
that may not accurately reflect future conditions. For example, models are used in the estimation of Probable Maximal Loss 
for  contract  surety  account,  in  informing  reinsurance  purchase  decisions,  in  investment  decisions,  in  pricing,  and  in 
reserving. Models estimates could deviate materially from actual experience and thereby have a material negative impact 
on our financial condition and results of operations.  

Taxation Risk 

Our Company is subject to income taxes and premium taxes in the jurisdictions in which we carry on business, including 
Canada,  the  US  and  Barbados.  Changes  to  tax  laws  or  the  interpretation  of  these  tax  laws  by  government  authorities 
prospectively  or  retrospectively  could  have  a  material  adverse  impact  our  profitability.  Deferred  tax  assets  are  only 
recognized  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  they  will  be  realized.  Estimates  are  used  to  determine  the  value  of  the 
deferred  tax  asset  balance  based  on  the  assumption  that  the  Company  will  generate  taxable  income  in  future  years. 
Estimates are used to determine the taxes payable balance based on applicable tax legislation. If our Company were not 
to achieve the expected level of profitability, the deferred tax asset may not be realized which could have a material negative 
impact on our financial condition and results of operations. 

36  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 8 – OTHER INFORMATION 

RATINGS 

Trisura Canada has been rated A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best since 2012. This rating was reaffirmed with stable outlook by 
A.M. Best in November 2020. Trisura US obtained an A- (Excellent) rating with stable outlook from A.M. Best in September 
2017, which was reaffirmed in November 2020. A.M Best increased the financial size category of Trisura US from VII to VIII 
(US $50 million to US $100 million capital) in November 2020. 

CASH FLOW SUMMARY 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

$ variance 

2020 

2019 

$ variance 

Net income from operating activities 

10,949  

4,172  

6,777  

32,442  

5,094  

27,348  

Non-cash items  

(3,439) 

11,544  

(14,983) 

3,107  

10,400  

(7,293) 

Change in working capital  

23,958  

9,744  

14,214  

81,412  

49,726  

31,686  

Realized gains on investments 

(1,223) 

(60) 

(1,163) 

(22,666) 

(2,860) 

(19,806) 

Income taxes paid 

Interest paid 

(1,860) 

(114) 

(1,746) 

(9,808) 

(2,573) 

(7,235) 

(223) 

(354) 

131  

(1,144) 

(1,410) 

266  

Net cash from operating activities 

28,162 

24,932  

3,230  

83,343  

58,377  

24,966  

Proceeds on disposal of investments 

37,776  

13,805  

23,971  

238,827  

55,452  

183,375  

Purchases of investments 

(50,152) 

(79,741) 

29,589 

(331,933) 

(170,817) 

(161,116) 

Net purchases of capital and intangible assets 

(673) 

(2,723) 

2,050  

(1,296) 

(3,131) 

1,835  

Net cash used in investing activities 

(13,049) 

(68,659) 

55,610  

(94,402) 

(118,496) 

24,094  

Dividends paid 

Shares issued 

Preferred shares redeemed 

Loans received 

Repayment of loan payable 

-   

-   

-   

(24) 

24  

-   

(96) 

96  

-   

-   

65,143  

55,669  

9,474  

(1,600) 

1,600  

-   

(1,600) 

1,600  

11,459  

(11,459) 

-   

-   

11,459  

44,159  

(11,459) 

(44,159) 

-   

-   

44,159  

(44,159) 

Lease payments 

(318) 

(266) 

(52) 

(1,515) 

(1,026) 

(489) 

Net cash (used in) from financing activities 

(318) 

(1,890) 

1,572  

63,628  

52,947  

10,681  

Net increase (decrease) in cash 

14,795  

(45,617) 

60,412  

52,569  

(7,172) 

59,741  

Cash at beginning of the period 

124,875  

131,913  

(7,038) 

85,905  

95,212  

(9,307) 

Currency translation 

(3,151) 

(391) 

(2,760) 

(1,955) 

(2,135) 

180  

Cash at the end of the period 

  136,519  

    85,905  

50,614  

136,519  

85,905  

   50,614  

37  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
           
              
             
             
               
             
            
           
         
               
             
              
           
              
           
             
             
             
            
                  
           
           
              
           
            
               
           
              
              
              
               
               
                
              
              
                   
           
           
             
             
             
             
           
           
           
           
             
           
          
          
           
         
         
         
               
            
             
              
              
               
            
          
           
           
         
             
                 
          
                   
                           
                   
                     
                      
                     
                      
             
             
             
                      
            
             
                           
              
               
           
                     
           
             
                              
             
          
                     
         
           
                              
           
               
               
                 
              
              
                 
               
            
             
             
             
             
           
          
           
             
              
             
         
         
           
             
             
              
            
               
           
              
              
                   
 
      
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

Net cash used in investing activities in Q4 2020 and 2020 as well as Q4 2019 and 2019 reflected the purchase and disposal 
of portfolio investments in all three principal operating subsidiaries. In Q4 2020, purchases of investments were lower than 
Q4 2019, as Q4 2019 included a number of new investments associated with the equity raise in Q3 2019. Disposals of 
investments were greater in Q4 2020 than in Q4 2019 as a result of a higher rotation of investments in the portfolio than in 
the prior year. In 2020 purchases and disposals of investments increased relative to 2019 reflecting a larger investment 
portfolio  following  the  equity  raises  in  2019  and  2020,  and  a  higher  rotation  of  securities  throughout  the  investments 
portfolios relative to the prior year.  

Net cash (used in) from financing activities was lower in Q4 2020 than Q4 2019, as Q4 2019 included funds used to redeem 
the outstanding preferred shares. In Q4 2020, there was movement in Loans received and Repayment of loans payable, 
which reflected a shift in borrowing from the Company’s credit facility, to its margin facility with the same bank. The purpose 
of the shift was to achieve a lower borrowing rate. In 2020 movement in Net cash (used in) from financing activities was 
greater than Q4 2019 YTD as a result of a larger equity offering in 2020 than in 2019. Full year 2020 also included the 
repayment  of  the  outstanding  CAD  denominated  Loan  payable  balance,  which  was  replaced  with  a  new  Loan  payable 
balance denominated in USD.  

In Q4 2020 the increase in Net cash from operating activities was primarily related to an increase in cash generated from 
operating activities at our Canadian operations. In 2020 the increase in Net cash from operating activities was primarily 
related to an increase in cash generated from operating activities at our US operations, which generated more cash from 
operations in 2020 than in 2019, largely as a result of growth in the business. Net cash from operating activities was lower 
in 2020 in our Reinsurance operations as a result of higher cash inflows associated with the repayment of certain outstanding 
receivables in Q3 2019. 

SEGMENTED REPORTING 

As at 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Trisura Canada 

Trisura US 

December 31, 2020 
Trisura International 

Corporate (1) 

Total (2) 

 541,603  

 431,858  

 1,021,020  

 864,983  

 121,347  

 108,295  

 22,762  

 11,732  

 1,706,732  

 1,416,868  

 109,745  

Shareholders’ Equity 
Book Value Per Share, $ (3) 
(1) Corporate includes consolidation adjustments. 
(2) Total reflects the Group's Assets, Liabilities, and Book Value Per Share after consolidation adjustments. 
(3) Number of common shares used in the calculation of book value per share equals to the Group’s total number of common shares outstanding as 
at December 31, 2020. 

 156,037  

 11,030  

 13,052  

 15.20  

 10.69  

 1.06  

 1.27  

 289,864  

 28.23  

As at 

Assets 

Liabilities 

Shareholders’ Equity 
Book Value Per Share, $ (4) 

Trisura Canada 

Trisura US 

Trisura International (1)  Corporate (2) 

Total (3) 

December 31, 2019 

 424,009  

 333,681  

 90,328  

 10.24  

 444,763  

 336,608  

 108,155  

 12.26  

 104,169  

 85,766  

 18,403  

 2.09  

 5,452  

 32,009  

 (26,557) 

 (3.01) 

 978,393  

 788,064  

 190,329  

 21.58  

(1) Includes the assets and liabilities of its intermediary holding company. 
(2) Corporate includes consolidation adjustments. 
(3) Total reflects the Group’s Assets, Liabilities, and Book Value Per Share after consolidation adjustments. 
(4) Number of common shares used in the calculation of book value per share equals to the Group’s total number of common shares outstanding as 
at December 31, 2019. 

38  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

As at December 31, 2020 

Payments due by period 

Total 

Less than 1 year 

1 – 5 years 

Thereafter 

Loans payable (1) 
Interest payments on debt (2) 

Lease liabilities 

         27,555  

                  11,459  

           16,096  

           995  

397  

               598  

         10,278  

                    1,566  

             6,212  

Total contractual obligations 
(1) See Note 20 in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for details on Loan payable. 
(2) Based on the Company’s most recent borrowing rate on the outstanding loan payable. 

                  13,422  

         38,828  

           22,906  

                  -  

                  -  

           2,500  

           2,500  

On April 1, 2020, the Company’s five-year revolving credit facility was amended to increase the Company’s borrowing 
capacity from $35,000 to $50,000. 

As at December 31, 2019 

Payments due by period 

Total 

Less than 1 year 

1 – 5 years 

Thereafter 

Loans payable 
Interest payments on debt (1) 

Lease liabilities 

            29,700  

                            -  

              3,258  

                      1,019  

11,132 

1,656 

Total contractual obligations 
(1) Based on the Company’s most recent borrowing rate on the outstanding loan payable. 

44,090 

2,675 

29,700 

2,239 

6,650 

38,589 

                        -  

                        -  

2,826 

2,826 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

See Notes 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for financial statement classification of the 
change  in  fair  value  of  financial  instruments,  significant  assumptions  made  in  determining  the  fair  values,  amounts  of 
income, expenses, gains and losses associated with the instruments. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

See Note 25 in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. 

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

See  Note  3  in  the  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  accounting  estimates  on  unpaid  claims,  level  3 
investments, as well as the provisions on income taxes.  

39  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 9 – SUMMARY OF RESULTS 

SELECTED QUARTERLY RESULTS 

Gross premiums written 
Net premiums written and 
other revenue 
Total revenues 
Net income (loss) 
attributable to 
shareholders 
EPS, basic (in dollars) 

EPS, diluted (in dollars) 
Distributions or cash 
dividends per-share 
Total assets 
Total non-current  
financial liabilities (1) 

2020 

2019 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

 314,200  

 239,607  

 202,683  

169,952  

 143,212  

 114,354  

109,313  

 81,383  

 98,059  

 71,195  

 52,748  

 49,041  

 43,231  

 39,959  

 38,885  

 32,759  

 69,494  

 60,095  

 52,455  

 44,588  

 29,325  

 42,752  

 34,038  

 39,487  

 10,949  

 6,535  

 6,587  

 8,371  

 4,172  

 2,543  

 (4,138) 

 2,517  

 1.07  

 1.05  

 0.64  

 0.62  

 0.69  

 0.68  

 0.95  

 0.94  

 0.47  

 0.47  

 0.37  

 0.37  

 (0.63) 

 (0.63) 

 0.38  

 0.37  

 -   

 -   

 -   

 -   

 $    0.375  

 $    0.375  

 $    0.375  

 $ 0.375  

1,706,732  

1,517,516  

1,327,613  

1,143,064  

 978,393  

 886,893  

750,472  

667,922  

 16,096  

 28,869  

 29,494  

 33,704  

 29,700  

 29,700  

 29,700  

 29,700  

SELECTED ANNUAL RESULTS 

Gross premiums written 

Net premiums written and other revenue 

Total revenues 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

EPS, basic (in dollars) 

EPS, diluted (in dollars) 

Distributions or cash dividends per-share 

Total assets 
Total non-current financial liabilities (1) 
(1) See Note 20 in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for details on Loan payable. 

 1,706,732  

 16,096  

2020 

2019 

2018 

 926,442  

 271,043  

 226,632  

 32,442  

 3.33  

 3.28  

 -   

 448,262  

 154,834  

 137,525  

 5,094  

 0.69  

 0.69  

 1.50  

 978,393  

 29,700  

 103,278  

 120,199  

 103,278  

 8,638  

 1.29  

 1.27  

 1.50  

 600,982  

 29,700  

40  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 10 – ACCOUNTING AND DISCLOSURE MATTERS 

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

We maintain information systems, procedures and controls to ensure that new information disclosed externally is complete, 
reliable and timely. Management of the Company, at the direction and under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer 
and  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  of  the  Company  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  “disclosure  controls  and 
procedures” (as defined in “National Instrument 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings” 
(“NI 52-109”)) as at December 31, 2020, and have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are operating 
effectively. 

INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

We maintain “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in NI 52-109) and the Chief Executive Officer and the 
Chief Financial Officer of the Company have concluded that the internal controls have been designed to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance  with  IFRS.  Management  has  evaluated  whether  there  were  changes  in  our  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  during the year  ended December 31, 2020 that  have  materially affected, or are reasonably likely  to materially 
affect, our internal control over financial reporting and has determined that there have been no such changes. 

41  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

OPERATING METRICS 

We use operating metrics to assess our operating performance. 

Operating Metrics 

Definition 

Combined Ratio 

The  sum  of  the  loss  ratio  and  the  expense  ratio.  The  difference  between  100%  and  the 
combined  ratio  represents  underwriting  income  as  a  percentage  of  NPE,  or  underwriting 
margin. A combined ratio under 100% indicates a profitable underwriting result. A combined 
ratio over 100% indicates an unprofitable underwriting result.  

Expense Ratio 

All expenses incurred (net of fee income in our Canadian operations) as a percentage of NPE. 

Fees as Percentage 
of Ceded Premium 

Written fee income divided by ceded written premium.  

Fronting Operational 
Ratio 

The sum of claims, acquisition costs and operating expenses divided by the sum of NPE and 
fronting fees. 

Loss Ratio 

Net claims and loss adjustment expenses incurred as a percentage of NPE.  

ROE 

Net income for the twelve month period preceding the reporting date, divided by the average 
common  shareholders’  equity  over  the  same  period,  adjusted  for  significant  capital 
transactions, if appropriate. 

Adjusted ROE 

ROE calculated using Adjusted net income. 

Adjusted Net Income  Net income, adjusted to remove impact of non-recurring items and normalize earnings for core 

operations. 

MCT 

Retained Premium 
(%) 

Rolling average 
equity 

Net Underwriting 
Revenue 

Net Underwriting 
Income 

Our Canadian operations report the results of its MCT as prescribed by OSFI’s Guideline A — 
Minimum Capital Test for Federally Regulated Property and Casualty Insurance Companies, 
as  amended,  restated  or  supplemented  from  time  to  time.  MCT  determines  the  supervisory 
regulatory capital levels required by our Canadian operations. 

NPW as a percentage of GPW. 

Shareholders’ equity over twelve month period, adjusted for significant capital transactions, if 
appropriate. 

The sum of net premiums earned and fee income earned. 

Net  underwriting revenue, less net claims  and loss adjustment  expenses, net commissions, 
and operating expenses. 

These operating metrics are operating performance  measures that highlight trends in our core business or are required 
ratios used to measure compliance with OSFI and other regulatory standards. Our Company also believes that securities 
analysts, investors and other interested parties use these operating metrics to compare our Company’s performance against 
others  in  the  specialty  insurance  industry.  Our  Company’s  management  also  uses  these  operating  metrics  in  order  to 
facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period, to prepare annual operating budgets and to determine 
components of management compensation. Such operating metrics should not be considered as the sole indicators of our 
performance  and  should  not  be  considered  in  isolation  from,  or  as  a  substitute  for,  analysis  of  our  financial  statements 
prepared in accordance with IFRS. 

42  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURES 

We report certain financial information using non-IFRS financial measures. Non-IFRS financial measures do not have 
standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS and may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies in 
our industry. They are used by management and financial analysts to assess our performance. 

Further, they provide users with an enhanced understanding of our results and related trends, and increase transparency 
and clarity into the core results of the business.  

Adjusted Earnings per Common Share 

Net income 

Adjustments, net of tax 

Q4 2020 

Q4 2019 

2020 

2019 

      10,949  

        4,172  

      32,442  

        5,094  

Add: impact of share-based compensation expenses (net of tax) 

           548  

        1,042  

        5,490  

        1,727  

Less: net (gains) losses (net of tax) 

      (2,050) 

           107  

      (6,119) 

      (1,291) 

Less: settlement from structured insurance assets (net of tax) 

                -    

                -    

                -    

(7,293) 

Add: impact of Annuity reserve losses (gains) 

           592  

         (191) 

        4,588  

     15,773  

Adjusted net income 

      10,039  

        5,130  

      36,401  

      14,010  

Less: dividends declared on preferred shares, net of tax 

                -    

          (24) 

                -    

           (96) 

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic 
(in thousands of shares) 

Adjusted earnings per common share – basic - in dollars 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 
(in thousands of shares) 

     10,039  

        5,106  

      36,401  

      13,914  

      10,269  

        8,820  

        9,733  

        7,213  

 $       0.98  

 $       0.58  

 $       3.74  

 $      1.93  

      10,474  

        8,884  

        9,893  

        7,245  

Adjusted earnings per common share – diluted - in dollars 

 $       0.96  

 $       0.57  

 $       3.68  

 $      1.92  

ROE and Adjusted ROE 

Rolling net income attributable to shareholders 

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders 

Rolling average equity 

ROE 

Adjusted ROE 

2020 

2019 

32,442 

5,094 

36,401  

      13,914  

    241,488  

     147,153  

13.4% 

15.0% 

3.5% 

9.4% 

43  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 

This MD&A contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian provincial securities laws and “forward-
looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities regulations. Forward-looking statements include 
statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding 
the operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, 
targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for 
North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as 
“expects,”  “likely,”  “anticipates,”  “plans,”  “believes,”  “estimates,”  “seeks,”  “intends,”  “targets,”  “projects,”  “forecasts”  or 
negative versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” 
and “could”. 

Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-
looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place 
undue  reliance  on  forward-looking  statements  and  information  because  they  involve  known  and  unknown  risks, 
uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual results, performance or 
achievements of our Company to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed 
or implied by such forward-looking statements and information.  

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements 
include, but are not limited to: developments related to COVID-19, including the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and 
global financial markets; the impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the countries 
in which we do business; the behaviour of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates; 
global equity  and capital  markets and the  availability  of equity  and  debt financing and refinancing within these markets; 
strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations 
and the ability to attain expected benefits; changes in accounting policies and methods used to report financial condition 
(including uncertainties associated with critical accounting assumptions and estimates); the ability to appropriately manage 
human capital; the effect of applying future accounting changes; business competition; operational and reputational risks; 
technological  change;  changes  in  government  regulation  and  legislation  within  the  countries  in  which  we  operate; 
governmental  investigations;  litigation;  changes  in  tax  laws;  changes  in  capital  requirements;  changes  in  reinsurance 
arrangements;  ability to collect amounts owed; catastrophic events, such as earthquakes,  hurricanes or pandemics; the 
possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts and cyberterrorism; and other risks 
and factors detailed from time to time in our documents filed with securities regulators in Canada. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our 
forward-looking statements, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and 
potential events. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-
looking  statements  or  information,  whether  written  or  oral,  that  may  be  as  a  result  of  new  information,  future  events  or 
otherwise. 

44  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2020 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except per share numbers and as otherwise noted) 

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 

Abbreviation 

Description 

AFS 

BVPS 

D&O 

E&O 

EPS 

Available for Sale Financial Asset 

Book Value Per Share 

Directors’ and Officers’ insurance 

Errors and Omissions Insurance 

Earnings Per Share 

FVTPL 

Fair Value Through Profit & Loss 

GPW 

MCT 

MGA 

n/a 

nm 

NPE 

NPW 

NUI 

OCI 

pts 

Gross Premium Written 

Minimum Capital Test 

Managing General Agent 

not applicable 

not meaningful 

Net Premiums Earned 

Net Premium Written 

Net Underwriting Income 

Other Comprehensive Income 

Percentage points 

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 

The three months ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 respectively 

Q2 YTD 

Q3 YTD 

Q4 YTD 

ROE 

USD 

YTD 

The six months ended June 30 

The nine months ended September 30 

The twelve months ended December 31 

Return on Shareholders’ Equity 

United States Dollar 

Year to Date 

45  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 

Consolidated Financial Statements 

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
Bay Adelaide East 
8 Adelaide Street West 
Suite 200 
Toronto ON M5H 0A9 
Canada 

Tel: 416-601-6150 
Fax: 416-601-6151 
www.deloitte.ca 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of  
Trisura Group Ltd.  

Opinion 
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Trisura Group Ltd. (the “Company”), which 
comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the 
consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then 
ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant 
accounting policies (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and its financial performance and 
its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards (“Canadian 
GAAS”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities 
for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in 
Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. These matters 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses for the property and casualty insurance 
business - Refer to Notes 2.4(d) and 9 to the financial statements 

Key Audit Matter Description 

The Company conducts insurance operations including a property and casualty insurance business 
through Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company, Trisura Specialty Insurance Company, and Trisura 
International Insurance Ltd. In the property and casualty business, the liability for unpaid claims and 
loss adjustment expenses represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not paid 
by the statement of financial position date. This estimation process includes consideration of individual 
case estimates of claims and loss adjustment expenses on reported claims, provision for future 
development of case estimates on reported claims, and provision for claims and loss adjustment 
expenses related to incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims. 

In estimating the IBNR claims, the Company uses a range of actuarial methodologies which consider 
assumptions related to historical loss development factors and payment patterns. While there are 
several assumptions that go into determining the IBNR claims, significant management judgment is 
applied regarding the use of assumptions relating to future development of claims and loss adjustment 
expenses that have not yet been reported, future rates of claim frequency and severity, payment 
patterns and reinsurance recoveries (“significant assumptions”). Auditing the selection of the actuarial 
methodologies and the significant assumptions involves a high degree of subjectivity in applying audit 
procedures and in evaluating the results of those procedures. This resulted in an increased extent of 
audit effort, including the involvement of actuarial specialists. 

 
 
 
How the Key Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit 

Our audit procedures related to the selection of the actuarial methodologies and the significant 
assumptions used to value the IBNR claims for the property and casualty insurance business included 
the following audit procedures, among others:  

 

Tested the underlying data that served as the basis for the actuarial analysis, including historical 
claims and loss adjustment expenses data used to develop future expectations, to evaluate the 
reasonableness of key inputs to the actuarial estimate. 

  With the assistance of actuarial specialists: 

o  Evaluated management’s actuarial methodologies and the significant assumptions in accordance 

with actuarial principles and practices under generally accepted actuarial standards of practice. 

o 

Independently estimated the claim liabilities for selected lines of business, focusing on the 
largest IBNR claims liabilities, and compared the recalculated results to those recorded by the 
Company. 

o  Performed a retrospective assessment to determine whether management judgments and 
assumptions relating to the significant estimates indicated a possible bias on the part of 
management. 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses for the life reinsurance business — Refer to 
Notes 2.4(d) and 9 to the financial statements  

Key Audit Matter Description 

The Company conducts insurance operations including a life reinsurance business through Trisura 
International Insurance Ltd. In the life reinsurance business, the liability for unpaid claims and loss 
adjustment expense represents a closed block of deferred annuities with guaranteed annuity conversion 
options which is denominated in Euros and has been in run-off since 2008. The Company uses an 
actuarial model to determine the claims liability.  

While there are several assumptions that go into determining the liability on the life reinsurance 
business, significant management judgment is applied regarding the use of assumptions relating to the 
guaranteed annuity option future take-up rates, changes in the European Insurance and Occupational 
Pensions Authority (“EIOPA”) published interest rates for use in discounting claims liability, and a 
volatility adjustment (“significant assumptions”). The significant assumptions require subjective auditor 
judgment when historical trends may not accurately reflect future results and future changes in 
annuitant policyholders’ needs are unpredictable. Auditing the selection of the actuarial methodologies 
and the significant assumptions involves a high degree of subjectivity in applying audit procedures and 
in evaluating the results of those procedures. This resulted in an increased extent of audit effort, 
including the involvement of actuarial specialists. 

How the Key Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit 

Our audit procedures related to the selection of the actuarial methodology and the significant 
assumptions used to value the liability for the life reinsurance business included the following audit 
procedures, among others:  

  With the assistance of actuarial specialists: 

o  Evaluated management’s actuarial methodologies and the significant assumptions in accordance 

with actuarial principles and practices under generally accepted actuarial standards of practice. 

o  Assessed the reasonableness of the guaranteed annuity option future take-up rates, applicable 
EIOPA published interest rates, and the volatility adjustment, by considering industry and other 
external sources of data, where applicable. 

o  Analyzed management’s use of stochastic modelling in the methodology, including an 

assessment of the selection of the number of scenarios used, and evaluated the results of the 
model. 

Page 2 

 
 
 
 
Other Information 
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:  

  Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

 

The information, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual 
Report 

 

Financial Supplement 

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial 
statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Financial Supplement prior to the date of this 
auditor’s report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that 
there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in this 
auditor’s report. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

The Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of the auditor’s report. If, 
based on the work we will perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact to those charged with 
governance. 

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the 
Financial Statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in 
accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to 
cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting 
process. 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report 
that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that 
an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when 
it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in 
the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain 
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 

that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.  

Page 3 

 
 
 
 
 
  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting 

and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our 
auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern. 

  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the 

disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events 
in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 

business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are 
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned 
scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in 
internal control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and 
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or 
regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we 
determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences 
of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such 
communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Ratan Ralliaram. 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
Licensed Public Accountants 
Toronto, Ontario 
February 10, 2021 

Page 4 

 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of contents for the Consolidated Financial Statements of Trisura Group Ltd.  

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position  ............................................................................................................................... 2 

Consolidated Statements of Income  ................................................................................................................................................ 3 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income  ...................................................................................................................... 4 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity  .............................................................................................................................. 5 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  ......................................................................................................................................... 6 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements  ............................................................................................................................. 7 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position  
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

As at 

Note 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

136,519 
503,684 
178,883 
676,972 
188,190 
13,907 
8,577 
1,706,732 

57,343 
151,707 
592,711 
100,281 
487,271 
27,555 

1,416,868 

285,731 
1,332 
4,133 
(1,332) 

289,864 
1,706,732 

Assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments 
Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 
Recoverable from reinsurers 
Deferred acquisition costs 
Capital assets and intangible assets 
Deferred tax assets 
Total assets 

Liabilities 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 
Reinsurance premiums payable 
Unearned premiums 
Unearned reinsurance commissions 
Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Loan payable 

Shareholders’ equity 
Common shares 
Contributed surplus 
Accumulated retained earnings (deficit) 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

4, 6 
13 
16 
10 
12, 17, 18 
27 

14 
13 
11 
10 
9 
20 

21 
28.1, 28.4 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

On behalf of the Board 

George Myhal 

Director  

David Clare 

Director 

85,905 
392,617 
86,669 
293,068 
104,197 
14,477 
1,460 
978,393 

40,916 
80,186 
328,091 
51,291 
257,880 
29,700 

788,064 

219,251 
815 
(28,309) 
(1,428) 
190,329 
978,393 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Income  
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

Note 

Gross premiums written 

Reinsurance premiums ceded 

Net premiums written 

Change in unearned premiums 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 
Net Investment Income 
Net gains 
Settlement from structured insurance assets 

Total revenues 

Claims and expenses 

Net claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Net commissions 
Operating expenses  
Interest expense 

Total claims and expenses 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

7 
8 
4.4 

9 
10 

20 

27 

Weighted average number of common shares 

outstanding during the year (in thousands) – basic 

Earnings per common share (in dollars) – basic 
Earnings per common share (in dollars) – diluted 

22 
22 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2020 

926,442 
(685,118) 

241,324 
(80,640) 

160,684 
29,719 
27,779 
8,450 
- 

226,632 

(72,562) 
(55,915) 
(57,560) 
(1,113) 

(187,150) 

39,482 
(7,040) 

32,442 

9,733 
3.33 
3.28 

2019 

448,262 
(305,634)  

142,628 
(35,124) 

107,504 
12,206 
16,243 
1,572 
8,077 

145,602 

(49,936) 
(37,516) 
(45,590) 
(1,361)  

(134,403)  

11,199 
(6,105) 

5,094 

7,213 
0.69 
0.69 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

Note 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments 
Income tax expense 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net income 

Net realized gains 
Impairment loss 
Income tax benefit  

Items reclassified to net income 

4.2 

Items other than cumulative translation loss 
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to net income – 

Cumulative translation loss 

Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

2020 

32,442 
7,629 
(1,597) 

6,032 

(6,258) 
4,144 
1,024 

(1,090) 

4,942 

(4,846) 

96 

32,538 

2019 

5,094 
7,379 
(1,178) 

6,201 

(499) 
- 
15 

(484) 

5,717 

(4,909) 

808 

5,902 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Balance at January 1, 2020 
Net income 
Other comprehensive income 
Comprehensive income 
Issuances, net of taxes 
Share based payments 
Balance at December 31, 2020 

Note 

21 
28 

Common 
shares 
219,251 
- 
- 
- 
66,480 
- 
285,731 

Contributed 
surplus 
815 
- 
- 
- 
- 
517 
1,332 

Accumulated 
retained 
earnings 
(28,309) 
32,442 
- 
32,442 
- 
- 
4,133 

Accumulated other 
comprehensive loss 
(net of income 
taxes) 
(1,428) 

- 
96 
96 
- 
- 

(1,332) 

Total 
190,329 
32,442 
96 
32,538 
66,480 
517 
289,864 

Balance at January 1, 2019 
Net income 
Other comprehensive income 
Comprehensive income 
Share issuance 
Share redemption 
Share based payments 
Dividends paid 
Balance at December 31, 2019 

Note 

21 
21 
28 
21 

Common 
shares 
163,582 
- 
- 
- 
55,669 
- 
- 
- 
219,251 

Preferred 
shares 
1,600 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(1,600) 

- 
- 
- 

Contributed 
surplus 
313 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
502 
- 
815 

Accumulated 
deficit 
(33,307) 
5,094 
- 
5,094 
- 
- 
- 
(96) 
(28,309) 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss (net of 
income taxes) 

Total 
(2,236)  129,952 
5,094 
808 
5,902 
55,669 
(1,600) 
502 
(96) 
(1,428)  190,329 

- 
808 
808 
- 
- 
- 
- 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

2020 

2019 

Operating activities 
Net income  
Items not involving cash: 
     Depreciation and amortization 
     Unrealized (gains) loss  
     Impairment loss  
     Payment in kind 
     Stock options granted 
Change in working capital 
Realized gains on investments 
Income taxes paid 
Interest paid 

Net cash flows from operating activities 

Investing activities 
Proceeds on disposal of investments 
Purchases of investments 
Purchases of capital assets 
Purchases of intangible assets 

Net cash flows used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Dividends paid 
Shares issued 
Preferred shares redeemed 
Loans received 
Repayment of loans payable 
Principal portion of lease payments 

Net cash flows from financing activities 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year 

Cash, beginning of year 
Cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents 

     Cash, end of year 
     Cash equivalents, end of year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

32,442 

5,094 

2,628 
(4,957) 
4,992 
(285)  
729 
81,412 
(22,666) 
(9,808) 
(1,144) 

83,343 

2,500 
7,927 
- 
(529) 
502 
49,726 
(2,860) 
(2,573) 
(1,410) 

58,377 

238,827 
(331,933) 
(1,086) 
(210) 

(94,402) 

55,452 
(170,817) 
(386) 
(2,745) 

(118,496) 

- 
65,143 
- 
44,159 
(44,159) 
(1,515) 

63,628 

(96) 
55,669 
(1,600) 

- 
- 

(1,026) 

52,947 

52,569 

(7,172) 

68,208 
17,697 
85,905 

93,152 
2,060 
95,212 

(1,955) 

(2,135) 

120,538 
15,981 
136,519 

68,208 
17,697 
85,905 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 1 – The Company 

Trisura Group Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) (the “Act”) on January 27, 
2017. The Company’s head office is located at 333 Bay Street, Suite 1610, Box 22, Toronto Ontario, M5H 2R2. 

The Company owns three principal subsidiaries through which it conducts insurance operations. These subsidiaries are Trisura 
Guarantee  Insurance  Company  (“Trisura  Guarantee”),  Trisura  Specialty  Insurance  Company  (“Trisura  Specialty”)  and  Trisura 
International Insurance Ltd. (“Trisura International”), which was wholly-owned through the intermediary holding company Trisura 
International Holdings Ltd. (“TIHL”). TIHL was wound up on May 21, 2020 (see Note 23), and Trisura International is now owned 
directly by the Company.  

Trisura  Guarantee  operates  as  a  Canadian  property  and  casualty  insurance  company.  Trisura  Specialty  is  licensed  by  the 
Oklahoma Insurance Department as a domestic surplus lines insurer and can write business as a non-admitted surplus line insurer 
in all states within the United States and through its subsidiary can also write admitted business in certain states.  Trisura Specialty 
operates  as  a  hybrid  fronting  carrier  where  a  large  portion  of  its  premium  is  ceded  to  reinsurers.    Trisura  Specialty  earns  fee 
income from the reinsurers to whom it ceded premium. Trisura International is currently managing its in-force portfolio of specialty 
reinsurance contracts and assumes some premium from Trisura Specialty.  

The common shares of the Company are publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “TSU”. 

Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies  

2.1 

Basis of presentation 

These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).  

The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the financial results of the Company and all entities controlled by the Company, 
on  a  consolidated  basis  of  presentation.  All  intra-group  transactions,  balances, income  and  expenses  are eliminated  in  full  on 
consolidation. 

In accordance with IFRS, presentation of assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position is in order of 
liquidity. The Company’s functional and presentation currency is Canadian dollars. 

These Consolidated Financial Statements were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors  on February 10, 
2021. 

2.2 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. The Company has classified 
cash and cash equivalents along with loans and receivables, at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.  

2.3 

a)  

i)  

Financial instruments 

Categories of financial instruments 

Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”) 

FVTPL financial instruments are carried at fair value and recognized on the trade date, with the changes in fair value recognized 
in  net  income.  Certain  investments  are  designated  as  FVTPL  to  reduce  the  volatility  within  net  income  associated  with  the 
movement  of  the  underlying  claims  which  are  supported  by  these  investments.  Structured  insurance  assets  consisting  of 
purchased  commission  arrangements  are  designated  on  inception  as  FVTPL.  Transaction  costs  related  to  FVTPL  financial 
instruments are expensed in investment income. 

ii)  

Available-for-sale (“AFS”) 

AFS  financial  instruments  are  carried  at  fair  value  and  recognized  on  the  trade  date,  with  changes  in  fair  value  recorded  as 
unrealized gains or losses in other comprehensive income. Fixed income securities and equities are classified as AFS, unless 
they  have  been  classified  or  designated  otherwise.  Transaction  costs  related  to  financial  instruments  classified  as  AFS  are 
capitalized on initial recognition and, where applicable, amortized to interest income using the effective interest method. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.3 

a)  

iii)  

Financial instruments (continued) 

Categories of financial instruments (continued) 

Loans and receivables 

Financial  instruments  are  categorized  as  Loans  and  receivables  when  they  have  fixed  or determinable  payments  and  are not 
quoted  in  an  active  market.  Loans  and  receivables  are  carried  at  amortized  cost.  Transaction  costs  are  capitalized  on  initial 
recognition  and  are  recognized  in  investment  income  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method.  The  Company  has  classified 
Premiums  and  accounts  receivable,  and  other  assets  as  Loans  and  receivables.    Derivative  assets  which  are  grouped  with 
Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets are carried at fair value as described in Note 2.3(c). The Company has also 
classified certain investments as Loans and receivables, which meet the criteria to do so. 

Financial  assets  are derecognized  when  the  rights  to  receive cash  flows  from  the  financial  assets  have  expired  or have  been 
transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards  of ownership. Any gain or loss arising on 
derecognition is recognized directly in profit or loss and presented in realized gains or losses on investments. 

iv)  

Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost. Loan payable, Reinsurance premiums payable, and Accounts payable, 
accrued and other liabilities are classified as Other financial liabilities. Derivative liabilities and cash-settled Share based payments, 
which are grouped with Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities are carried at fair value as described in Note 2.3(c) and 
Note 2.9. 

b)  

Measurement of fair values 

The  Company  has  an  established  control  framework  with  respect  to  the  measurement  of  fair  values  by  management,  which 
includes input from the Company’s external investment manager. 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values 
are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques. 

Investments carried at fair value are classified in accordance with a valuation hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs 
used in determining their fair value. Under Level 1 of this hierarchy, fair value is derived from unadjusted quoted prices in active 
markets for identical investments. Under Level 2, fair value is derived from market inputs that are directly or indirectly observable, 
other than unadjusted quoted prices for identical investments. Under Level 3, fair value is derived from inputs, some of which are 
not based on observable market data. 

Significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments are regularly reviewed. If third party information, such as broker quotes 
or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the evidence obtained from the third parties is assessed in light of the 
requirements of IFRS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such investments should be classified. 

If  the  inputs  used  to  measure  the  fair  value  of  an  asset  or  a  liability  might  be  categorized  in  different  levels  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest 
level input that is significant to the entire measurement. 

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the 
change has occurred. 

c)  

Derivative financial instruments 

Derivative financial instruments are classified as held for trading. All derivatives are carried as assets when the fair values are 
positive and as liabilities when the fair values are negative.  

Derivative  financial  instruments  held  for  trading  are  typically  entered  into  with  the  intention  to  settle  in  the  near  future.  These 
instruments are recorded at fair value. Based on market prices, fair value adjustments and realized gains or losses are recognized 
in Net gains or losses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Note 5 and Note 8). 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.3 

d) 

Financial instruments (continued) 

 Impairment of financial assets 

The Company’s financial assets are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence that 
they are impaired. A financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more events have had 
a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. 

When  an  unrealized  loss  on  an  AFS  investment  results  from  objective  evidence  of  impairment,  the  difference  between  the 
acquisition cost (net of any principal repayment and amortization) of the investment and its fair value is recognized as a realized 
loss in net income and a corresponding adjustment is made to other comprehensive income. For debt securities, impairment could 
occur if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event and that loss event has an impact on future cash 
flows, and for equity securities, impairment could occur as a result of a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its 
cost.  In  determining  whether  there  is  objective  evidence  of  impairment,  the  factors  considered  are,  primarily,  the  term  of  the 
unrealized loss and the amount of the unrealized loss. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as 
AFS increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in net 
income, the impairment loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in net income. 

The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Company’s  non-financial  assets  are  assessed  at  each  statement  of  financial  position  date  to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated 
and the carrying value is reduced to the estimated recoverable amount by means of an impairment charge to net income. The 
recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. 

e)  

Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position only 
when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to 
realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously.  

2.4 

Insurance contracts 

When  significant  insurance  risk  exists,  the  Company’s  products  are  classified  at  contract  inception  as  insurance  contracts,  in 
accordance  with  IFRS  4,  Insurance  Contracts  (“IFRS  4”).  Significant  insurance  risk  exists  when  the  Company  agrees  to 
compensate  policyholders  of  the  contract  or  ceding  companies  for  specified  uncertain  future  events  that  adversely  affect  the 
policyholder and whose amount and timing is unknown. The level of insurance risk is assessed by considering whether there are 
any scenarios with commercial substance in which the Company is required to pay significant additional benefits. These benefits 
are those which exceed the amounts payable if no insured or reinsured event were to occur. In the absence of significant insurance 
risk, the contract is classified as an investment contract.  

a)  

Premiums, premiums receivable, and unearned premiums 

Premiums  are  earned  over  the  terms  of  the  related  policies  or  surety  bonds,  generally  on  a  pro  rata  basis.  There  are  some 
instances where premiums are earned over the term of the policy in accordance with the risk profile of those policies with more 
premiums being earned when the risk exposure from the policy is greatest. Unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion 
of premiums written.  

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Company  enters  into  fronting  arrangements  with  third  parties,  whereby  the  Company 
assumes the insurance risk but then cedes all or most of the risk to other insurers and reinsurers. Where appropriate, security 
arrangements  are  established  to  offset  the  Company’s  risk  exposure.  Premiums  related  to  those  fronting  arrangements  are 
recognized over the term of the related policies on a pro rata basis. 

Premiums receivable consist of premiums due to the Company for insurance contracts sold. 

b)  

Fees 

Fees charged by Trisura Guarantee to insureds are recognized in the period in which they are charged provided that no significant 
obligations to insureds exist and reasonable assurance exists regarding collectability, in accordance with IFRS 15 Revenue from 
contracts with customers. Fees charged by Trisura Specialty to reinsurers are recognized over the same period as the related 
insurance contract. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.4 

c)  

Insurance contracts (continued) 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Acquisition costs comprise commissions and premium taxes. These costs are deferred to the extent they are recoverable from 
unearned premiums and are amortized on the same basis as the related premiums are  earned. If unearned premiums are not 
sufficient to pay expected claims and expenses, including the deferred acquisition costs, after taking into consideration anticipated 
investment  income,  the  resulting  premium  deficiency  is  recognized  in  the  current  period  by  first  reducing,  to  a  corresponding 
extent,  the  deferred  amount  of  the  acquisition  costs.  Any  residual  amount  is  recorded  in  Deferred  acquisition  costs  in  the 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as a provision for premium deficiency. 

d) 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

The liability for unpaid claims and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred 
but not paid by the statement of financial position date. The estimation process employed in determining future claims and LAE 
payments includes consideration of individual case estimates of claims and LAE payments on reported claims, provision for future 
development of case estimates on reported claims, and provision for claims and LAE related to incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) 
claims. In some instances, further provisions are made for the time value of money by applying discount rates based on projected 
investment income from the assets supporting this liability. Unpaid claims and LAE of Trisura Specialty are not discounted. The 
unpaid claims and LAE related to the property and casualty reserves of Trisura International are not discounted. The unpaid claims 
and LAE of Trisura Guarantee and the life reserves of Trisura International are discounted. The Company uses qualified actuaries 
in its reserving processes. 

In  estimating  the  IBNR  claims,  the  Company  uses  a  range  of  actuarial  methodologies  which  consider  assumptions  related  to 
historical loss development factors and payment patterns. While there are several assumptions that go into determining the IBNR 
claims, significant management judgment is applied regarding  the use of assumptions relating to future development of claims 
and LAE that have not yet been reported, future rates of claims frequency and severity, claims inflation, payment patterns and 
reinsurance  recoveries,  taking  into  consideration  the  circumstances  of  the  Company  and  the  nature  of  the  insurance  policies. 
Typically, the delay to ultimate settlement of claims increases the uncertainty of the estimate of the ultimate cost of those claims 
and LAE. In certain circumstances, explicit actuarial margins are included in the liability in recognition of the inherent uncertainty 
of  the  estimates  and  the  possibility  of  deterioration  in  experience  relative  to  expectation  in  relation  to  claims  development, 
investment return rates and recoverability of reinsurance balances. 

In  the  life  reinsurance  business,  the  liability  for  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  represents  a  closed  block  of  deferred  annuities  with 
guaranteed annuity conversion options which is denominated in Euros and has been in run-off since 2008. The Company uses an 
actuarial model to determine the claims liability. While there are several assumptions that go into determining the liability on the 
life reinsurance business, significant management judgment is applied regarding the use of assumptions relating to the guaranteed 
annuity option future take-up rates, changes in the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority published interest 
rates for use in discounting claims liability, and a volatility adjustment. 

As a result of the uncertainly in estimation, actual future claims and LAE payments may deviate in quantum and timing, perhaps 
materially,  from  the  liability  recorded  in  the  Company’s  provision  for unpaid  claims  and  LAE  as  recorded  on  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Financial Position. The liability for unpaid claims and LAE is reviewed regularly and evaluated in light of emerging 
claims experience and changing circumstances. Any resulting adjustments to the estimates of the ultimate liability are recorded 
as claims and LAE in the period in which such changes are made. 

e)  

Recoverable from reinsurers and Unearned reinsurance commissions 

The reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums and their estimated share of unpaid claims and LAE are presented as Recoverable 
from reinsurers on a basis consistent with the methods used to determine the unearned premium liability and the unpaid claims 
liability, respectively. 

Unearned reinsurance commissions are deferred and earned using principles consistent with the method used for deferring and 
amortizing acquisition costs. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.4 

f)  

Insurance contracts (continued) 

Investment contracts 

Contracts  issued  to  policyholders  that  transfer financial  risk,  but  do  not  transfer significant  insurance  risk  to  the  Company  are 
classified  as  investment  contract  liabilities.  The  contributions  received  from  policyholders  on  these  contracts  are  recorded  as 
investment  contract  liabilities,  and  not  as  premiums  written,  and  claim  payments  made  are  recorded  as  adjustments  to  the 
investment contract liabilities.  

Investment contract liabilities are carried at amortized cost and are measured at the date of initial recognition as the fair value of 
consideration received, less payments for transaction related costs. At end of each reporting period, the liability is measured based 
on the estimated future cash flows relating to all claims expected to be settled on the contracts. Gains or losses associated with 
the measurement are recorded in Claims and LAE. Investment contract liabilities are included in Accounts payable, accrued and 
other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  

2.5 

Capital assets 

Capital assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of these 
assets using the following rates and methods: 

Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Leasehold improvements 

2.6 

Intangible assets 

30% – 40%, declining balance 
20% – 25%, declining balance 
4 to 16 years, straight-line over the term of the lease 

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over the estimated useful lives of 
those assets. A 40% amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to computer software. A 20% 
amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to the customer lists recorded as intangible assets. 
Licenses have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized. 

2.7 

Income taxes 

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method of tax allocation, deferred 
income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets 
and liabilities, and are measured using the tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect in the periods in which the deferred 
income tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized, where those tax rates and laws have been substantively 
enacted.  

Deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that they will be realized. Estimates are used to determine 
the value of the deferred tax asset balance based on the assumption that the Company will generate taxable income in future 
years.  Estimates  are  used  to  determine  the  taxes  payable  balance  based  on  applicable  tax  legislation.  For  items  in  other 
comprehensive income, the related tax is also presented in other comprehensive income. 

2.8 

a) 

Foreign currency 

Functional and presentation currency 

The  Company’s  functional  and  presentation  currency  is  Canadian  dollars.  Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated  into 
Canadian dollars at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction. 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate 
in  effect  at  the  statement  of  financial  position  date.  Foreign  exchange  differences  arising  on  translation  are  recognized  in  net 
income. Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities which are measured at historical cost are recorded at the exchange 
rate in effect at the date of transaction. Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value are 
recorded at the exchange rate in effect at the date that fair value was determined. 

For financial instruments with fixed maturities classified as AFS, foreign exchange differences resulting from changes in amortized 
cost  are recognized  in  net  income,  while  foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  unrealized  fair  value  gains and  losses  are 
included  as  unrealized  gains  within  other  comprehensive  income.  For  other  financial  instruments  classified  as  AFS,  foreign 
exchange differences are included as unrealized gains within other comprehensive income. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.8 

b) 

Foreign currency (continued) 

Financial statements of foreign operations 

For  foreign  operations  that  have  a  functional  currency  other  than  Canadian  dollars,  the  results  and  financial  position  of  such 
operations  are  translated  into  Canadian  dollars.  Assets  and  liabilities  of  the  foreign  operations  are  translated  at  the  foreign 
exchange rates in effect at the statement of financial position date, and income and expenses are translated at average rates 
approximating the foreign exchange rates in effect at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign exchange differences arising from the translation to Canadian dollars are recognized as cumulative translation adjustment 
in other comprehensive income.  

2.9 

Share based compensation 

The  Company’s  accounting  policies  with  respect  to  share  based  compensation  are  in  accordance  with  IFRS  2,  Share  based 
payment. 

a)  

Equity-settled stock option plan 

The Company maintains an equity-settled stock option plan, which is described in Note 28.1. The value of equity-settled stock 
options is measured at the grant date, and the cost is recognized in Operating expenses as an expense over the vesting period. 
Obligations  related  to  equity-settled  stock  option  plans  are  recorded  in  shareholders’  equity  as  contributed  surplus.  Any 
consideration paid by stock option holders to exercise the options increases share capital. The Company uses the Black-Scholes 
model to measure the fair value of stock options. Inputs to the model include a volatility measure, a risk-free rate and expected 
life of the options. 

b) 

Cash-settled share based plan 

The Company maintains a cash-settled share based plan, which is described in Note 28.2. The cost of cash-settled share based 
options is recognized in Operating expenses as an  expense over the vesting period. Obligations related to cash-settled share 
based  plans  are  recorded  as  liabilities  at  fair  value  in  Accounts  payable,  accrued  and  other  liabilities.  At  each  reporting  date, 
obligations related to the plan are re-measured at fair value with reference to the fair value of the Company’s stock price and the 
number of  units  that  have  vested.  The  corresponding  share based  compensation  expense  or recovery  is  recognized  over the 
vesting period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to measure the fair value of cash-settled share based options. Inputs 
to the model include a volatility measure, a risk-free rate and expected life of the options. 

c)  

Deferred share units plan (“DSU”) 

The Company has adopted a non-employee director DSU plan, which is described in Note 28.3. This entitles the participants to 
receive, following the end of the director’s tenure as a member of the Board, an amount equivalent to the value of a common share 
at settlement, for each DSU unit that the participant holds. Obligations related to the plan are recorded as liabilities at fair value in 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, and re-measured at each reporting date at fair value with reference to the fair 
value of the Company’s stock price and the number of units that have vested. The cost of the DSUs is recognized in Operating 
expenses in the period they are awarded.  

d)  

Equity-settled restricted share units plan (“RSU”) 

The Company has adopted a RSU plan, which is described in Note 28.4. This entitles certain employees to receive RSUs based 
on the market value of the Company’s commons shares at the grant date. These RSUs typically vest over the course of three 
years, however in some instances the vesting period may differ. Obligations related to the equity-settled RSU plan are recorded 
in shareholders’ equity as contributed surplus. The cost of the RSUs is recognized in Operating expenses over the course of the 
vesting period.  

2.10 

Leases 

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new leases standard IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”) and applied the modified 
retrospective method upon adoption. The impact of adoption resulted in the addition of a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset of $10,058 
and a corresponding lease liability of $10,058 (see Note 12). At the commencement date, the Company measured the ROU assets 
at cost and the lease liability at the present value of future lease payments. The lease liability is initially measured at the present 
value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this 
rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use assets comprise the initial 
measurement  of  the  corresponding  lease  liability,  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement  day,  less  any  lease 
incentives  received  and  any  initial  direct  costs.  They  are  subsequently  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and 
impairment losses. The Company used the incremental borrowing rate at the date of initial application as the discount rate, as the 
rate implicit in the lease was not readily determinable.  

12 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

2.10 

Leases (continued) 

The ROU assets are depreciated over the earlier of the end of the useful life of the underlying asset or the end of the term of the 
underlying lease contracts. The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on 
the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. 

Short-term leases or leases of low-value assets are accounted for by recognizing the lease payments associated with those leases 
as an expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases, as permitted by IFRS 16. 

2.11 

Transaction costs 

The Company accounts for transaction costs that are incremental and directly attributable to an equity transaction as a deduction 
from equity, in accordance with IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation. 

2.12 

Uncertainty over income tax treatments 

The Company has adopted IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (“IFRIC 23”) in 2019. IFRIC 23 sets out how to 
determine the accounting tax position when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The adoption of this interpretation did 
not impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.  

2.13 

Future accounting policy changes 

a) 

IFRS 9 Financial instruments (“IFRS 9”)  

IFRS 9, which replaces IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, requires financial assets to be classified 
and measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss as they arise, unless certain criteria are met 
for classifying and measuring the asset at either amortized cost or fair value through other comprehensive income. IFRS 9 also 
established new criteria for hedge accounting and an expected credit loss model for the impairment assessment of loans and 
receivables. IFRS 9 generally was effective January 1, 2018, however, the IASB agreed to provide entities whose predominant 
activities  are insurance  to  defer implementation  of  IFRS  9  to  January  1,  2023  to coincide  with  the implementation  of  IFRS  17 
Insurance Contracts (“IFRS 17”). 

             Deferral of IFRS 9 

The Company has adopted the amendments of IFRS 4, which addresses the deferral of the implementation of IFRS 9 for insurance 
companies. The Company is applying the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 as its activities are predominantly connected with 
insurance. The Company’s percentage of liabilities connected with insurance contracts over total liabilities is greater than the 80% 
threshold  as  described in  IFRS  4  and  the  Company  does  not  engage  in  any  significant  activity  not  connected  with  insurance. 
Based on this analysis, the Company meets the criteria to defer implementation of IFRS 9. 

The Company must also disclose certain elements related to the classification and fair value (see Note 4.2), as well as credit rating 
(see Note 15.2(c)) of financial assets. The Company is assessing the impact that IFRS 9 will have on its Consolidated Financial 
Statements. 

b) 

IFRS 17 

On May 18, 2017, the IASB issued the new standard IFRS 17 which allows insurance  entities to elect one of the following two 
approaches with respect to financial instruments: (a) the deferral approach, which provides entities whose predominant activities 
are to issue insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4 a temporary exemption to continue using IAS 39, instead of IFRS 9, 
until January 1, 2021, later revised to January 1, 2023; and (b) the overlay approach, which can be applied to eligible financial 
assets and provides an option for all issuers of insurance contracts to reclassify from profit or loss to other comprehensive income 
any additional accounting volatility that may arise from applying IFRS 9 before IFRS 17 is applied. IFRS 17 requires insurance 
liabilities to be measured at current fulfillment value and provides a more uniform measurement and presentation approach for all 
insurance contracts. IFRS 17 supersedes IFRS 4 and related interpretations and is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after 
January 1, 2023, as pronounced by the IASB in September 2020. It is applied retrospectively unless impracticable, in which case 
the modified retrospective approach or the fair value approach is applied. The Company is actively assessing the impact that IFRS 
17 will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 3 – Critical accounting judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies 

The  preparation  of  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  in  accordance  with  IFRS  requires  management  to  make  judgments, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the years presented.   

3.1 

Critical accounting judgments in applying the Company’s accounting policies 

Judgments are used in applying the accounting policies used to prepare financial statements. Those judgments affect the carrying 
amount of certain assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses recorded during the year.  

a) 

Insurance contracts 

Judgments are used to determine whether contracts should be classified as insurance or investment contracts (see Note 2.4). 

b) 

Financial assets 

Judgments  are  used  in  determining  the  classification  of  financial  assets  as  AFS,  FVTPL  or  Loans  and  receivables  (see  Note 
2.3(a)). 

c) 

Unpaid claims and LAE 

Judgments are used in establishing provisions for unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.4(d)). 

3.2 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainty 

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  is  included  below.  Any  changes  in  estimates  are  recorded  in  the  period  in  which  they  are 
determined. Accordingly, actual results may differ from these and other estimates thereby impacting future financial statements: 

a) 

Valuation of claims liabilities 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.4(d)), as well as 
significant risk factors associated with insurance and reinsurance (see Note 15 and Note 16). 

b) 

Valuation of level 3 assets 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of the structured insurance assets (see Note 4.4 and Note 
6) as well as other Level 3 assets (see Note 6). 

c) 

Measurement of income taxes 

Assumptions and estimates are used in measuring the provision for incomes taxes (see Note 2.7 and Note 27). 

d) 

Impairment of financial instruments 

Management assesses financial instruments for objective evidence of impairment at each reporting date and there are inherent 
risks and uncertainties in performing this assessment of impairment loss, including factors such as general economic conditions 
and issuers’ financial conditions (see Note 2.3(d) and Note 4.2) 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 4 – Investments 

4.1 

Classification of cash and cash equivalents and investments 

The following table presents the classification of cash and cash equivalents, and investments: 

As at December 31, 2020 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments 

Short-term securities 
Fixed income 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 

Total cash and investments 

As at December 31, 2019 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments 

Fixed income 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 

Total cash and investments 

Designated 
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

AFS 

Total 

- 

- 

136,519 

136,519 

- 
299,452 
48,523 
59,361 
- 
407,336 

AFS 

- 

226,122 
40,621 
39,084 
- 
305,827 

- 
80,371 
- 
- 
9,690 
90,061 

5,000 
1,287 
- 
- 
- 
142,806 

5,000 
381,110 
48,523 
59,361 
9,690 
640,203 

Designated 
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

Total 

- 

85,905 

85,905 

71,838 
- 
- 
10,658 
82,496 

4,294 
- 
- 
- 
90,199 

302,254 
40,621 
39,084 
10,658 
478,522 

In  April  2020,  the  Company  recognized  an  impairment  loss  of  $848  (December 31,  2019  –  Nil)  on  a  fixed  income  investment 
classified as loans and receivables. Thereafter, in May 2020, the Company received common shares as settlement against this 
financial asset and  the excess of the carrying value of the financial asset of $4,575 over the fair value of the common shares 
received of $3,450 resulted in a further loss of $1,125. As at December 31, 2020, these common shares are Level 3 investments 
measured at fair value. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

4.2 

Unrealized gains and losses and carrying value of investments 

The amortized cost and carrying value of investments as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows: 

As at December 31, 2020 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

Other investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying 
value 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

Short-term securities 

- 

5,000 

- 

- 

5,000 

5,000 

Government 

Corporate 
Total bonds 
Other loans 
Total fixed income 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 

As at December 31, 2019 

Government 
Corporate 
Total bonds 
Other loans 
Total fixed income 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 

59,320 
21,051 
80,371 
- 
80,371 
- 
- 
9,690 
90,061 

36,649 
255,180 
291,829 
1,287 
293,116 
47,232 
58,848 
- 
404,196 

1,273 
7,229 
8,502 
- 
8,502 
5,682 
3,185 
- 
17,369 

(3) 
(876) 
(879) 
- 
(879) 
(4,391)  
(2,672) 

- 

(7,942) 

37,919 
261,533 
299,452 
1,287 
300,739 
48,523 
59,361 
- 
413,623 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

Other investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying 
value 

71,838 
- 
71,838 
- 
71,838 
- 
- 
10,658 
82,496 

49,046 
174,957 
224,003 
4,294 
228,297 
34,543 
42,832 
- 
305,672 

796 
2,121 
2,917 
- 
2,917 
6,335 
518 
- 
9,770 

 (49) 
(749) 
(798) 
- 
(798) 
(257) 
(4,266) 

- 

(5,321) 

49,793 
176,329 
226,122 
4,294 
230,416 
40,621 
39,084 
- 
310,121 

97,239 
282,584 
379,823 
1,287 
381,110 
48,523 
59,361 
9,690 
503,684 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

121,631 
176,329 
297,960 
4,294 
302,254 
40,621 
39,084 
10,658 
392,617 

The Company is currently assessing the cash flow characteristics test, to determine if the securities the Company holds would 
pass the solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) test. Based on a preliminary assessment, most of the debt securities 
would pass the test, however the composition of debt securities may change significantly by the time IFRS 9 is adopted along with 
IFRS 17, effective for fiscal year commencing January 1, 2023. 

Management has reviewed currently available information regarding those investments with a fair value less than carrying value. 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, management recognized total impairments of $4,992 (December 31, 2019 – $nil), of 
which $4,144 was on AFS investments and $848 on loans and receivables. Assumptions are used when estimating the value of 
impairment based on the Company’s impairment policy, which involves comparing fair value to carrying value. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

4.3 

Pledged assets 

In the normal course of insurance and reinsurance operations, the Company must secure its obligations under certain insurance 
and reinsurance contracts by collateralizing them with letters of credit or trust arrangements. These trusts and letters of credit 
may, in turn, be secured by the Company’s fixed income investments. As at December 31, 2020, the Company has pledged cash 
amounting to $1,582 USD and pledged fixed maturity investments amounting to $68,182 USD (December 31, 2019 - $2,576 USD 
and $58,981 USD, respectively), under insurance and reinsurance trust arrangements and are therefore not readily available for 
general use by the Company. 

As at December 31, 2020, the Company pledged $5,592 USD (December 31, 2019 – $311 USD) of fixed income investments as 
security deposits to various US state insurance departments to be held in trust for and pledged to various states.  

4.4 

Structured insurance assets 

The structured insurance assets represent the Company’s purchase of the rights to collect commission income on portfolios of 
long-term care insurance policies issued by insurance companies. The commissions are paid into trusts, from which the amounts 
due  to  the  Company,  being  the  commissions  net  of  amounts  due  to  other  parties  and  expenses  of  the  trusts,  are  paid.  The 
commission income for the year ended December 31, 2020 amounted to $1,349 (December 31, 2019 – $1,658), which has been 
recorded within Net investment income (see Note 7). 

In  March  2019,  there was  a  settlement  gain  of  $6,075 USD  on  the  structured insurance  assets  that  arose  from  a  legal  action 
against the third party, from whom Trisura International purchased the structured insurance assets in 2004.  

Note 5 – Fair value and notional amount of derivatives 

The following sets out the fair value and notional amount of derivatives as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 

As at  

Foreign currency contracts 
     Forwards 
Equity contracts 
     Swap agreements 
Interest rate contracts 
     Swap agreements 

Term to maturity 
     less than one year 
     from one to five years 
     from five to ten years 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Fair value 

Notional 
amount 

Asset 

Liability  Notional 
amount 

Fair value 

Asset 

Liability 

51,000 

- 

152 

43,700 

327 

8,112 

8,272 

- 

494 

745 

4,134 
63,246 

57 
8,329 

- 
152 

- 
44,194 

- 
1,072 

59,086 
26 
4,134 

7,940 
332 
57 

152 
- 
- 

43,700 
494 
- 

327 
745 
- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rates that could arise 
from  its  USD,  EUR  and  GBP  denominated  investments.  The  notional  amounts  of  the  forwards  as  at  December  31,  2020  are 
$32,392 USD (December 31, 2019 – $25,991 USD), €1,669 EUR (December 31, 2019 – €1,636 EUR) and £4,226 GBP (December 
31, 2019 – £4,193). The Company also uses swap agreements to mitigate exposure to interest rate on its investment portfolio and 
equity market fluctuations associated with its share based compensation. These derivatives are recorded at fair value and gains 
and losses are recorded in Net gains (see Note 8).  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 6 – Fair value measurement 

The following sets out the financial instruments classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2020 
and December 31, 2019: 

As at December 31, 2020 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 
Corporate 
Total bonds 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 
Total investments 
Derivative financial assets 
Derivative financial liabilities 

97,239 
282,584 
379,823 
48,523 
59,361 
9,690 
497,397 
8,329 
(152) 
505,574 

- 
- 
- 
25,213 
48,008 
- 
73,221 
- 
- 
73,221 

97,239 
282,584 
379,823 
12,626 
11,060 
- 
403,509 
8,329 
(152) 
411,686 

      - 
- 
- 
10,684 
293 
9,690 
20,667 
- 
- 
20,667 

As at December 31, 2019 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 
Corporate 
Total bonds 
Common shares  
Preferred shares 
Structured insurance assets 
Total investments 
Derivative financial assets 

121,631 
176,329 
297,960 
40,621 
39,084 
10,658 
388,323 
1,072 
389,395 

- 
- 
- 
39,711 
39,084 
- 
78,795 
- 
78,795 

121,631 
176,329 
297,960 
- 
- 
- 
297,960 
1,072 
299,032 

      - 
- 
- 
910 
- 
10,658 
11,568 
- 
11,568 

Included  within  the  Level  3  assets  are  the  structured  insurance  assets.  The  structured  insurance  assets  are  valued  using  a 
proprietary discounted cash flow valuation model. The fair value of this investment is based on discounting the expected future 
commission using a US Treasury yield curve adjusted for credit risk associated with the receipt of future commission payments 
from the insurance companies. The credit risk adjustment is made since the Company takes on the credit risk of the insurance 
companies who have the ultimate commission obligations. The majority of commissions are received from insurance companies 
with an A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) long-term issuer credit ratings of A or better. 

Expected future cash flows are projected considering the probability of the policy being cancelled by the insured (referred to as 
lapse), the  insured becoming  sick  and  making  a claim  under the  insurance  policy  (referred  to  as  morbidity)  and  having  future 
premium payments waived, or the insured dying (referred to as mortality). These actuarial risks are modeled using data drawn 
from the insurance companies and the Society of Actuaries Long Term Care Studies, as well as data from other public and non-
public  sources  supplemented,  as  appropriate,  by  assistance  from  external  actuarial  consultants.  Mortality  rates  used  in  the 
valuation of the Structured insurance assets are derived from the 2012 Individual Annuity Mortality table developed by the Society 
of Actuaries in the United States. The assumptions used are reviewed on a regular basis. 

Management uses sensitivity analyses to ensure risks assumed are within the Company’s risk tolerance level. Sensitivity analyses 
are  performed  on  factors  that  would  impact  the  Company’s  results  and  financial  condition.  Results  of  the  sensitivity  analyses 
should only be viewed as directional estimates as they can differ materially from actual results. The following table shows the 
sensitivity of the valuation to a 1% change in the lapse rate. 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in lapse rate 

100 basis point decrease in lapse rate 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Impact on comprehensive income 

(560) 
608 

(576) 
622 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 6 – Fair value measurement (continued) 

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no transfers between levels. 

The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements in 
Level 3 of the hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019: 

Balance at beginning of year 
Unrealized gains (losses) 
Purchase of securities 
Foreign exchange 
Balance at end of year 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

11,568 
1,891 
7,403 
(195) 
20,667 

13,105 
(1,092) 
119 
(564) 
11,568 

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant fair value inputs utilized by the Company for Level 3 
assets:  

Structured insurance assets 

Private equity investment 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2020 

Valuation 
technique 

9,690  Discounted  

cash flow 

4,832  Discounted  

cash flow 

Unobservable inputs 
Discount rate load (1) 
Morbidity rates (2) 
Lapse rates (3) 
Discount rate  
Exit multiple 

Range 
0.25% - 3.00% 
0.00% - 29.00% 
1.00% - 3.60% 
9% 
10x 

Private equity investments 

6,145  Net asset value (4)  n/a 

n/a 

Structured insurance assets 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2019 

Valuation 
technique 

10,658  Discounted  

cash flow 

Private equity investments 

910  Net asset value (4) 

Unobservable inputs 
Discount rate load (1) 
Morbidity rates (2) 
Lapse rates (3) 
n/a 

Range 
0.25% - 3.00% 
0.00% - 24.50% 
1.00% - 3.90% 
n/a 

(1)  The discount rate used by the Company consists of three components: 

•  Risk free rate: based on U.S. Treasury strip rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs; 
•  Credit risk: based on counterparty credit default swap rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs; and 
•  Discount rate load: the risk premium applied to projected cash flows which increases over time. A decrease in discount rate load 

increases estimated fair value. 

(2)  Morbidity rates refer to the percentage of policyholders in receipt of benefit during which time premiums are waived. These morbidity rates 
vary by age and gender (e.g. from 0.0% at age 50 to over 20% for ages in excess of 97) and are based on long term care industry data. 
At December 31, 2020, the average morbidity rate was 5.3% corresponding to an average policyholder age of 81 (December 31, 2019 – 
5.0% and average policyholder age of 81). 
Lapse rates are the percentage of policyholders electing to cancel their policy and are based on long term care industry data  and recent 
portfolio experience. 

(3) 

(4)  Based on the net asset value of the equity fund and market transactions which approximates the fair value of the investment. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 7 – Net investment income 

For the years ended December 31 

Cash and cash equivalents, and short-term securities 
Bonds classified as loans and receivables 
FVTPL bonds 
AFS bonds 
Interest income 

AFS common shares and income and investment trust units 
AFS preferred shares 
Dividend income 

Gains on investments held at FVTPL 
Commission income on structured insurance assets 
Investment expenses 
Other investment income 
Net investment income 

Note 8 – Net gains 

2020 

644 
175 
892 
8,272 
9,983 

1,998 
2,806 
4,804 

12,893 
1,349 
(1,250) 
12,992 
27,779 

2019 

702 
764 
423 
7,818 
9,707 

1,318 
1,708 
3,026 

2,374 
1,658 
(522) 
3,510 
16,243 

For the years ended December 31 

2020 

2019  

Net gains (losses) from: 
     financial instruments: 
            AFS common shares and income and investment trust units 
            AFS preferred shares 
            AFS bonds 

     derivatives:  

swap agreements (1) 

Embedded derivatives 
Net foreign currency gains 
Impairment on investments (see Note 4.2) 
Net gains 

3,649 
1,282 
1,746 
6,677 

2,197 
(1,314) 
5,882 
(4,992) 
8,450 

(1)  Excluding foreign currency contracts, which are reported in the line Net foreign currency gains.  

1,052 
98 
(652)  
498 

250 
- 
824 
- 
1,572 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 9 – Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses  

The following changes have occurred to the claim reserves: 

For the year ended December 31, 2020 

Direct 

Ceded 

Net 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 

257,880 

114,657 

143,223 

Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discounting 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Total claims incurred 
Claims paid 

Foreign exchange 
Unpaid claims, end of year 

407,439 
(10,169) 
20,157 
732 
418,159 
(180,814) 
(7,954) 
487,271 

352,118 
(7,023) 
715 
(213) 
345,597 
(133,629) 
(12,721) 
313,904 

55,321 
(3,146) 
19,442 
945 
72,562 
(47,185) 
4,767 
173,367 

For the year ended December 31, 2019 

Direct 

Ceded 

Net 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Purchase of Trisura Warranty outstanding warranty contracts 
Gross unpaid claims 

Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discount rate 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Total claims incurred 
Claims paid 

Foreign exchange 
Unpaid claims, end of year 

173,997 
987 
174,984 

174,646 
(8,141) 
19,759 
766 
187,030 
(96,370) 
(7,764) 
257,880 

42,048 
- 
42,048 

138,364 
(1,679) 
134 
275 
137,094 
(62,645) 
(1,840) 
114,657 

131,949 
987 
132,936 

36,282 
(6,462) 
19,625 
491 
49,936 
(33,725) 
(5,924) 
143,223 

The unpaid claims and LAE of Trisura Guarantee were discounted to take into account the time value of money using a rate of 
2.39% (2019 – 3.0%) on expected claims settlement patterns. The expected future claim and LAE payments related to the Life 
liabilities of Trisura International were discounted to take into account the time value of money using rates which ranged from 
(0.64%) to 3.75% (2019 – (0.35%) to 3.9%).  

As at September 30, 2019, the Company changed its estimation methodology for determining the long-term interest rates used in 
discounting  the  claims  reserves  of  the  life  reinsurance  business  of  Trisura International.  Prior to  September 30,  2019,  Trisura 
International used the Euro swap rate curve to represent market-consistent risk-free interest rates. 

Effective September 30, 2019, Trisura International began to determine the interest rates used in discounting its life reinsurance 
claims  reserves  by  using  the  interest  rate  curve  provided  by  the  European  Insurance  and  Occupational  Pensions  Authority 
(“EIOPA”). This curve is based on the Euro swap rate curve and also incorporates a credit risk adjustment, a volatility adjustment 
and  the  extrapolation  of  interest  rates  at  longer  durations.  The  EIOPA  curve  is  used  in  Solvency  II,  a  risk-based  insurance 
regulatory and capital regime applied in Europe and is an accepted practice for valuation of claims reserves under IFRS 4.  

The aggregate impact of this estimation change reduced Trisura International’s life Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 
by $5,773 as at September 30, 2019, with a corresponding decrease of $5,773 in Claims and loss adjustment expenses. 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment balances due from reinsurers are grouped with unearned reinsurance assets in Recoverable 
from reinsurers on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.  

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

9.1        Prior year claims development 

The following table presents the net cumulative claim payments to date and estimate of net ultimate claims incurred, including 
IBNR and provisions for adverse deviation (“PfAD”), at the end of the year: 

Net claims loss development 

All prior 
years 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

Total 

Accident year 

Estimate of net 

ultimate claims 
incurred 
One year later 
Two years later 
Three years later 
Four years later 
Five years later 
Six years later 
Seven years later 
Eight years later 
Nine years later 

Estimate of net 
ultimate claim 
incurred 

Cumulative claim 

payments to date 

Net unpaid claims 
Impact of 
discounting 
Impact of PfAD 

Present value of 

net unpaid claims 
with PfAD 

10,003 
10,211 
9,683 
9,253 
7,564 
7,053 
6,958 
7,090 
6,680 
6,707 

10,463 
8,872 
7,402 
6,845 
6,568 
7,861 
8,102 
7,899 
8,189 

12,349 
9,953 
6,651 
5,648 
5,324 
5,254 
5,179 
5,083 

14,002 
12,363 
10,310 
9,224 
8,934 
8,269 
9,303 

18,997 
15,878 
14,365 
14,421 
13,340 
12,730 

28,378 
26,772 
26,380 
25,826 
26,739 

21,741 
19,059 
17,409 
16,467 

23,138 
20,059 
19,854 

35,784 
32,684 

53,515 

6,707 

8,189 

5,083 

9,303 

12,730 

26,739 

16,467 

19,854 

32,684 

53,515 

(6,494) 
213 

(5,867) 
2,322 

(4,459) 
624 

(8,515) 
788 

(11,579) 
1,151 

(19,141) 
7,598 

(12,253) 
4,214 

(13,601) 
6,252 

(20,134) 
12,550 

(17,407) 
36,108 

6,317 

(6) 
49 

(7) 
29 

(78) 
317 

(28) 
114 

(33) 
141 

(53) 
171 

(260) 
976 

(256) 
614 

(418) 
931 

(715) 
1,437 

(1,299) 
2,961 

6,360 

235 

2,561 

710 

896 

1,269 

8,314 

4,572 

6,765 

13,272 

37,770 

Add: Net discounted reserves on life contracts 
Add: Trisura Warranty unpaid claims 
Total net unpaid claims and LAE 

78,137 

(3,153) 
7,740 

82,724 
90,058 
585 

173,367 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 10 – Deferred acquisition costs 

The following changes have occurred to the deferred acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 
Foreign exchange 
Closing balance, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 
Foreign exchange 
Closing balance, end of year 

December 31, 2020 
104,197 
254,813 
(167,898) 
(2,922) 
188,190 

December 31, 2019 
63,715 
124,742 
(83,171) 
(1,089) 
104,197 

December 31, 2020 
51,291 
163,470 
(111,052) 
(3,428) 
100,281 

December 31, 2019 
19,137 
77,268 
(43,845) 
(1,269) 
51,291 

The  reinsurers’  share  of  deferred  acquisition  costs  is  referred  to  as  Unearned  reinsurance  commissions  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Financial Position. 

Net commissions For the years ended  

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Commissions expense 
Reinsurance commissions 
Net commissions expense 

Note 11 – Unearned premiums 

169,626 
(113,711) 
55,915 

82,923 
(45,407) 
37,516 

Unearned premiums are generally calculated on a pro rata basis from the unexpired portion of the premiums written (see Note 
2.4(a)). The unearned premiums estimate is validated through standard actuarial techniques to ensure that after deducting any 
deferred policy acquisition costs, these premiums are sufficient to cover the estimated future costs of servicing the associated 
policies,  expected  claims,  LAE,  and  taxes  to  be  incurred.  In  estimating  these  costs,  the  Company  in  some  instances  uses 
discounting  techniques  to  take  into  account  the  time  value  of  money  and  a  provision  for  adverse  deviation  is  added  to  the 
discounted amount. There was no premium deficiency at December 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019. 

The following changes have occurred in the provision for unearned premiums:  

For the year ended December 31, 2020 

Unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Premiums written 
Premiums earned 
Foreign exchange 
Unearned premiums, end of year 

For the year ended December 31, 2019 

Unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Premiums written 
Premiums earned 
Foreign exchange 
Unearned premiums, end of year 

Gross 

328,091 
926,442 
(648,413) 
(13,409) 
592,711 

Gross 

182,623 
448,262 
(298,408) 
(4,386) 
328,091 

Ceded 

178,411 
684,985 
(487,973) 
(12,355) 
363,068 

Ceded 

67,519 
305,480 
(190,445) 
(4,143) 
178,411 

Net 

149,680 
241,457 
(160,440) 
(1,054) 
229,643 

Net 

115,104 
142,782 
(107,963) 
(243) 
149,680 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 12 – Leases 

The Company leases office premises for its own use. These leases have terms that range from 4 years to 16 years, most with an 
option to extend the lease at the end of the lease term. The Company also leases office equipment. These leases generally have 
a lease term of five years, with no renewal option or variable lease payments. 

As at December 31, 2020, ROU assets of $8,470 (December 31, 2019 – $9,599) are recorded in Capital assets and intangible 
assets, along with $5,437 (December 31, 2019 – $4,878) of other Capital assets and intangible assets.  

Information about leases for which the Company is a lessee is presented below: 

Right-of-use assets 

Balance as at January 1 
Impact of IFRS 16 adoption 

     Additions 
     Depreciation 
     Foreign exchange 
     Balance at end of year 

Premises 

Total 

As at December 31, 2020 
Office 
equipment 
13 
- 
- 
(11) 
1 
3 

9,586 
- 
527 
(1,634) 
(12) 
8,467 

9,599 
- 
527 
(1,645) 
(11) 
8,470 

As at December 31, 2019 
Office 
equipment 
- 
25 
- 
(11) 
(1) 
13 

Premises 
- 
10,033 
780 
(1,167) 
(60) 
9,586 

Total 

- 
10,058 
780 
(1,178) 
(61) 
9,599 

As at 
Lease liabilities maturity analysis 
     Less than one year 
     One to five years 
     More than five years 
Total undiscounted lease liabilities 
Lease liabilities included in the Statements of Financial Position 
Total cash outflow for leases recognized in the  
Statements of Cash Flows 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

1,566 
6,212 
2,500 
10,278 
8,793 

1,965 

1,656 
6,650 
2,826 
11,132 
9,756 

1,348 

Amounts recognized in Statements of Comprehensive Income 
for the years ended 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Interest on lease liabilities 
Expense relating to short-term leases 
Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets 
Income from subleasing right-of-use assets 

450 
45 
5 
124 

322 
40 
4 
337 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 13 – Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets consists of: 

As at 

Premiums receivable 
Derivative assets 
Accrued investment income 
Tax recoveries 
Prepaid expenses 
Miscellaneous assets 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

166,017 
8,329 
2,879 
409 
317 
932 
178,883 

79,627 
1,072 
2,537 
417 
388 
2,628 
86,669 

As at December 31, 2020, Premiums receivable of $166,017 (December 31, 2019 – $79,627) includes an amount of $120,595 
(December 31, 2019 – $54,187) related to Trisura Specialty for which there is a reinsurance payable of $129,740 (December 31, 
2019 – $60,345). 

The Reinsurance premiums payable balance  of $151,707 (December 31, 2019 – $80,186) on the Consolidated Statements of 
Financial Position reflects $186,382 of reinsurance payable (December 31, 2019 – $84,572), netted against $34,675 (December 
31, 2019 – $4,386) of reinsurance recoverable.  

Note 14 – Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities consist of: 

As at  

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

Accrued liabilities 
Deposits in trust 
Lease liabilities 
Share based payment plan 
Taxes payable 
Investment contract liabilities 
Derivatives liabilities 
Premium taxes payable and other liabilities 

Note 15 – Risk management 

15,725 
12,140 
8,793 
5,670 
4,558 
339 
152 
9,966 
57,343 

8,345 
11,842 
9,756 
2,589 
3,913 
369 
- 
4,102 
40,916 

As a provider of insurance products, effective risk management is critical to the Company’s ability to protect the interests  of its 
stakeholders. The most significant risks include those associated with insurance contracts and holding financial instruments. The 
Company has policies and procedures governing the identification, measurement, monitoring, mitigating and controlling of risks 
associated  with  insurance  contracts  and  holding  financial  instruments.  The  most  significant  risk  associated  with  insurance 
contracts is insurance risk, which includes pricing risk, concentration risk and reserving risk. The significant risks associated with 
financial instruments are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (comprising currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks 
such as equity risk). Sensitivity analyses are performed on these significant risks which could impact the Company’s results and 
financial condition. Results of the sensitivity analyses should only be viewed as directional estimates as they can differ materially 
from actual results.  

The following sections describe how the Company manages its insurance risk and risks associated with financial instruments. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.1 

Insurance risk 

Insurance risk is the risk that the ultimate cost of claims and LAE, as well as acquisition expenses, related to insurance contracts 
will exceed premiums received in respect of those contracts. This could occur because either the frequency or severity of claims 
is greater than expected.  

The Company’s objective for managing insurance risk is to mitigate the risk while continuing to grow and to achieve profitable 
underwriting results within its identified product lines. Senior management seeks to achieve this objective through effective use of 
underwriting and pricing policies, procedures and guidelines, which it has developed for pricing and issuing bonds and policies or 
assuming  reinsurance  risk.  In  addition,  careful  oversight  is  applied  to  the  underwriting  process  to  ensure  that  these  policies, 
procedures and guidelines are followed. Furthermore, the Company regularly reviews its underwriting practices to ensure that they 
reflect emerging trends in its existing business and in the marketplace. Insurance risk is further mitigated through effective claims 
and expense management, and through the use of reinsurance. 

The insurance risks associated with insurance contracts underwritten by the Company are subject to a number of variables such 
as estimated loss ratios and estimated claims settlement costs, which are sensitive to various assumptions which can impact the 
estimation of claims liabilities (see Note 2.4(d)).  

Some additional factors that impact insurance risk include pricing risk, concentration risk and reserving risk, which are described 
below: 

a) 

Pricing risk 

Pricing risk is the risk that an insurance product has been priced using assumptions about claims and LAE activity that are different 
from the actual experience of that product line. The Company mitigates the impact of pricing risk through the use of guidelines, 
which are designed such that premium rates take into account claims frequency and severity, expense levels, investment returns 
and profit margins required to support a particular product line. The Company reviews pricing assumptions regularly to ensure that 
they  reflect  up-to-date  claims  experience  and  expected  future  changes  in  that  experience,  as  well  as  market  conditions.  The 
Company further mitigates the impact of pricing risk through the employment of experienced underwriting staff.  

b) 

Reserving risk 

Reserving risk is the risk that future claims and LAE arising on past exposure periods exceed the liability recorded in respect of 
unpaid claims and LAE. The Company’s management of reserving risk is discussed in Note 2.4(d).  

c) 

Concentration of insurance risk 

Concentration  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  Company’s  insurance  products  are  concentrated  within  a  particular  geographic  area, 
particular class of business, or a particular insured, thereby increasing the exposure of the Company to a single event or a series 
of related events. Concentration of risk could arise as a result of accumulations of large numbers of insurance or reinsurance 
contracts exposed to similar perils, classes of business or geographic areas. 

To mitigate the impact of concentration of risk, the Company applies risk management practices, including the use of reinsurance, 
monitoring and modelling techniques, and regularly reviews its portfolio of insurance risks for concentration and aggregation of 
risks  and  makes  adjustments  as  needed  in  order  to  ensure  exposures  are  within  tolerances.  The  active  management  of  its 
reinsurance  programs  and  collateral  requirements  is  also  an  important  element  in  maintaining  net  claims  exposures  and 
concentration and aggregation risks within the Company’s risk tolerance. 

The  following  table  shows  the  mix  of  the  Company’s  policies  by  product  line  and  geography,  which  reflects  the  Company’s 
diversification of insurance risk: 

December 31, 2020 
U.S. 

Canada 

Other 

Canada 

December 31, 2019 
U.S. 

Other 

Trisura Guarantee(1) 

Trisura Specialty 
Trisura International 
Gross premiums written 

Surety 
Corporate insurance 
Risk solutions 
Fronting 
Life 

66,081 
69,691 
137,869 
- 
- 
273,641 

5,493 
- 
- 
647,183 
- 
652,676 

- 
- 
- 
- 
125 
125 

57,022 
47,253 
77,717 
- 
- 
181,992 

2,247 
- 
- 
263,911 
- 
266,158 

- 
- 
- 
- 
112 
112 

(1)  The operations of Trisura Guarantee comprises Surety, Risk Solutions and Corporate Insurance products underwritten in Canada as well 

as the operations of Trisura Warranty, which are grouped with Risk Solutions. 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.1 

Insurance risk (continued) 

d) 

Sensitivity to insurance risk 

i)            Property and casualty business of Trisura Guarantee, Trisura Specialty and Trisura International 

The insurance risks associated with the lines of business underwritten by the Company are sensitive to various assumptions which 
can impact the estimation of claims liabilities. The operations of Trisura Guarantee include the operations of Trisura Warranty. The 
relevant risk variables for the Company’s property and casualty lines of business associated with the estimation of claims liabilities 
are subject to assumptions that impact the ultimate value of the estimated loss ratio as well as the estimated claims settlement 
costs.  The  loss  ratio  is  used  to  calculate  losses  of  the  Company  with  respect  to  its  ongoing  property  and  casualty  insurance 
operations as a percentage of net premiums earned. Below is an analysis showing the impact of a 5% increase in the loss ratio, 
as  a  percentage  of  net  premiums  earned,  and  a  5%  increase  in  claims  settlement  costs  of  the  property  and  casualty  claims 
reserves,  based  on  an  increase  in  the  current  net  unpaid  claims  balance.  Such  variances  in  the  estimation  were  considered 
reasonably  possible  during  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  2019.  The  impacts  described  in  the  table  below  are 
independent  of  one  another.  A  5%  decrease  to  the  loss  ratio  and  a  5%  decrease  in  claims  settlement  costs  would  have  the 
opposite effect on comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity.  

Sensitivity factor 
5% increase to loss ratio 
5% increase to claims 
settlement costs 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019  December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Impact on comprehensive income,  
before tax 

(7,790) 

(4,009) 

(5,275) 

(3,188) 

Impact on shareholders’ equity 

(5,863) 

(3,156) 

(3,872) 

(2,407) 

ii)          Life business of Trisura International 

The  Company’s  life  reserves  are  held  in  respect  of  a  book  of  deferred  annuities  with  guaranteed  annuity  conversion  options 
(“GAO”).  A  significant  risk  factor  in  relation  to  these  reserves  is  the  proportion  of  policyholders  who  take  up  the  GAO  upon 
retirement. The following table shows the impact on reserves of a 100 basis point change in the GAO take-up rate.  

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in GAO take-up rate 
100 basis point decrease in GAO take-up rate 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Impact on net income  

(987) 

1,047 

(881) 

916 

Unpaid claims and LAE reserves are discounted due to the time value of money and are sensitive to interest rates. The impact of 
the interest rate sensitivity on unpaid claims is shown in Note 15.4(b). The structured insurance assets are sensitive to changes 
in lapse rates. The impact of lapse rate sensitivity on the structured insurance assets is shown in Note 6. 

15.2 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the Company to incur a 
financial loss. Credit risk arises mainly from investments in bonds and short-term securities, the structured insurance assets, and 
balances receivable from insurance brokers and reinsurers. 

For debt securities, the Company manages its credit risk by placing limits on its exposure to a single counterparty, by reference 
to  the  credit  rating  of  the  counterparty  or  based  on  the  collateral  supporting  the  counterparty  risk.  Management  also  limits  its 
aggregate debt securities credit risk by placing limits on aggregate values of securities at different credit rating levels. Management 
monitors credit quality of its debt securities on an on-going basis through its reviews of the investment portfolio.  

For  the  structured  insurance  assets,  the  Company  minimizes  its  credit  exposure  through  transacting  with  investment  grade 
counterparties.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

For  Premiums  receivable,  the  Company  uses  insurance  brokers,  managing  general  agents,  and  program  administrators  as 
intermediaries for the distribution of its product offerings and is therefore subject to the risk that these intermediaries fail to remit 
the premiums they have collected on its behalf. The Company primarily deals with intermediaries with which it has entered into a 
contract that details, among other things, the intermediary’s responsibilities and payment obligations. These intermediaries are 
typically regulated and licensed by insurance regulators. Further, the Company monitors accounts receivable and follows-up all 
past due amounts to ensure satisfactory collection arrangements are in place. As at December 31,  2020, $2,171 of premiums 
receivable was past due but not considered to be impaired (December 31, 2019 – $2,717). 

For  recoverables  from  reinsurers,  the  Company  applies  its  reinsurance  risk  management  policy  to  manage  the  credit  risk 
associated with these balances. The Company is ultimately at risk on the limits of coverage provided under its product offerings, 
regardless  of  whether  it  has  ceded  a  portion  of  this  exposure  to  reinsurers.  If  a  reinsurer  is  unwilling  or  unable  to  satisfy  its 
obligations,  the  Company  does  not  have  the  right  to  correspondingly  reduce  its  claims  payment  obligations.  The  Company’s 
reinsurance  coverage  is  well  diversified  and  controls  are  in  place  to  manage  exposure  to  reinsurance  counterparties.    The 
Company generally uses licensed reinsurers that have a minimum A.M. Best credit rating of A-, and management monitors these 
ratings on a regular basis. Furthermore, the Company’s reinsurance risk management policy places limits on the participation of 
individual reinsurers in the Company’s reinsurance arrangements to ensure that no single reinsurer represents an undue level of 
credit risk. These participations and limits are reviewed regularly. 

When  the  Company  uses  an  unlicensed  or  unrated  reinsurer,  it  is  required  to  establish  a  custodial  account  secured  under  a 
reinsurance security agreement, post a letter of credit or provide other forms of security acceptable to the Company. 

Derivative  assets  and  other  assets  are  monitored  with  reference  to  the  credit  quality  of  the  counter-party,  and  an  impairment 
allowance is made if deemed appropriate. 

a) 

Maximum exposure to credit risk of the Company 

The following table sets out the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk related to financial instruments. The maximum credit 
exposure is the carrying value of the asset net of any allowances for losses. 

As at 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

Cash and cash equivalents, and short-term securities 
Bonds 
     Government 
     Corporate 
Other loans 
Structured settlements 
Premiums receivable 
Accrued investment income 
Derivative assets 
Other assets 

141,519 

97,239 
282,584 
1,287 
9,690 
166,017 
2,879 
8,329 
1,341 
710,885 

85,905 

121,631 
176,329 
4,294 
10,658 
79,627 
2,537 
1,072 
3,045 
485,098 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

b) 

Concentration of credit risk of the Company 

Concentrations of credit risk can arise from exposures to a single debtor, a group of related debtors or groups of debtors that have 
similar risk characteristics, for example they may operate in the same or similar industries. The following table provides details of 
the fair value of fixed income securities by industry sector: 

As at 

Government 
Financial 
Industrial 
Telecom services 
Energy 
Consumer discretionary 
Power and pipelines 
Real estate 
Consumer staples 
Automotive 
Utility 
Retail 
Other 

c) 

Asset quality 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

97,239 
90,247 
39,260 
25,904 
23,818 
23,594 
18,305 
16,283 
16,060 
13,501 
6,625 
- 
10,274 
381,110 

121,631 
64,842 
20,187 
11,598 
23,535 
15,762 
3,636 
8,319 
4,797 
11,515 
3,868 
3,588 
8,976 
302,254 

The following table summarizes the credit ratings for fixed income securities and cash equivalents: 

As at 

Fixed income securities 
     AAA 
     AA 
     A 
     BBB 
     Below BBB 

Cash equivalents and short-term securities 
     R-1 (high) 
     R-1 (low) 

15.3 

Liquidity risk 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

40,880 
84,757 
100,659 
118,717 
36,097 
381,110 

20,981 
- 
402,091 

43,566 
91,156 
94,257 
56,549 
16,726 
302,254 

11,398 
6,299 
319,951 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities that are 
settled  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.  Liquidity  risk  may  arise  from  a  number  of  potential  areas  including,  for 
example, duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. 

Generally, the Company’s financial liabilities are settled by delivering cash and it is able to rely on the cash flow generated from 
its  operations  to  satisfy  its  liquidity  requirements,  which  are  primarily  operating  expenses  and  claims  and  loss  adjustment 
payments. 

By their nature, the timing and quantum of claims and loss adjustment payments are subject to significant uncertainty and are 
estimated actuarially as set out in Note 2.4(d). Although the Company has reinsurance treaties in place under which a portion of 
the claims payments may be recovered, including by way of set off against premiums payable to the reinsurers, such recoveries 
usually follow the making of payments and often delays of a number of months can occur. Hence the Company must have access 
to sufficient liquid resources to fund gross amounts payable when required. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.3 

Liquidity risk (continued) 

To manage its liquidity requirements, the Company maintains a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents, and short-term 
securities and a highly rated, highly liquid investment portfolio. The Company’s investment policy sets out credit quality criteria 
and has limits on single issuer exposures. In addition, the investment policy stipulates average duration targets.  

The Company also manages the liquidity risk associated with its assumed reinsurance liabilities through its asset liability matching 
processes.  The  long-tailed  nature  of  much  of  the  Company’s  reinsurance  business  also  reduces  the  likelihood  of  sudden  or 
unexpected spikes in claim payment requirements. 

The Company periodically pledges assets under insurance and reinsurance trust arrangements which are therefore not readily 
available for general use by the Company (see Note 4.3).  

The following tables set out the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by contractual maturity. 

As at December 31, 2020 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Investments 
Premiums receivable 
Other financial assets 
Reinsurers’ share of claims liabilities 
Financial and insurance assets (1) 

Up to 1 
year 

67,018 
66,992 
164,601 
12,350 
177,853 
488,814 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

No specific 
maturity 

Total 

- 
188,167 
1,416 
332 
126,788 
316,703 

- 
151,230 
- 
184 
9,263 
160,677 

69,501 
97,295 
- 
- 
- 

136,519 
503,684 
166,017 
12,866 
313,904 
166,796  1,132,990 

As at December 31, 2019 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

No specific 
maturity 

Total 

Cash and cash equivalents,  
and short-term securities 
Investments 
Premiums receivable 
Other financial assets 
Reinsurers’ share of claims liabilities 
Financial and insurance assets (1) 

16,398 

27,120 
76,680 
6,864 
88,039 
215,101 

- 

- 

69,507 

85,905 

192,487 
2,947 
48 
24,710 
220,192 

93,306 
- 
130 
1,908 
95,344 

79,704 
- 
- 
- 
149,211 

392,617 
79,627 
7,042 
114,657 
679,848 

(1)  Deferred acquisition costs and reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums have been excluded as they are not subject to liquidity risk. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.3 

Liquidity risk (continued) 

As at December 31, 2020 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

No specific 
maturity 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 
Reinsurance premiums payable 
Other financial liabilities 
Loan payable 
Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

220,291 
151,707 
35,947 
11,459 
419,404 

208,555 
- 
- 
16,096 
224,651 

54,900 
- 
- 
- 
54,900 

- 
- 
12,150 
- 
12,150 

As at December 31, 2019 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years 

Over 5 years 

No specific 
maturity 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 
Reinsurance premiums payable 
Other financial liabilities 
Loan payable 
Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

120,077 
80,186 
19,285 
- 
219,548 

92,798 
- 
- 
29,700 
122,498 

39,792 
- 
- 
- 
39,792 

- 
- 
11,875 
- 
11,875 

(2)  Undiscounted and excluding PfADs. 
(3)  Unearned premiums and unearned reinsurance commissions have been excluded as they are not subject to liquidity risk. 

Total 

483,746 
151,707 
48,097 
27,555 
711,105 

Total 

252,667 
80,186 
31,160 
29,700 
393,713 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.4  Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market 
prices. Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity price risk. 

a) 

Currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign 
exchange rates. The Company faces currency risk as a result of having operations in the United States and Canada, as well as 
European exposure through its reinsurance operations and therefore has exposure to currency risk arising from fluctuations in 
exchange rates of the Canadian dollar and Euro against the United States dollar. The Company also has currency risk as a result 
of having investments in the Company’s Canadian operations denominated in foreign currencies. The foreign currency positions 
of the Company are monitored regularly and the Company uses derivatives throughout the year to manage foreign exchange risks 
where a material unmatched foreign exchange position exists.  

i)  

Exposure to currency risk 

The Company manages its currency risk through its investment policy which considers duration of investments held as well as 
asset liability matching.  

The following table summarizes the net currency exposure of Canadian domiciled entities categorized by major currency. The 
balances in the table below are presented in the foreign currency indicated: 

As at December 31, 

Cash and investments 
Less: foreign – currency 
derivatives, notional 
amount 
Total net exposure 

              USD 

            EUR 

            GBP 

BRL 

2020 
42,043 

2019 
24,138 

2020 
1,661 

2019 
1,654 

2020 
4,195 

2019 
4,370 

2020 
5,500 

(32,392) 
9,651 

(25,991) 
(1,853) 

(1,669) 
(8) 

(1,636) 
18 

(4,226) 
(31) 

(4,193) 
177 

- 
5,500 

2019 

- 

- 
- 

The following table summarizes the carrying value of assets and liabilities, denominated in a currency other than USD, of Trisura 
International categorized by major currency. All amounts below are converted to Canadian dollar equivalents. The assets and 
liabilities below are translated at exchange rates at the reporting date and are stated before considering the effect of any forward 
currency exchange contracts:  

Assets 
Liabilities 
Net assets 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

EUR 

82,894 
90,490 
(7,596) 

Other 

2,254 
212 
2,042 

EUR 

73,947 
76,251 
(2,304) 

Other 

1,406 
235 
1,171 

As at December 31, 2020 and 2019, Trisura International’s short position in Euro is unhedged and management considered the 
foreign exchange risk to be acceptable. 

The following table summarizes the carrying value of net assets of Trisura International and Trisura Specialty in their functional 
currency of USD, as well as loan payable which is denominated in USD.  

As at December 31, 

Consolidated net assets of: 
     Trisura International 
     Trisura Specialty 
Total net currency exposure to the USD 
Loan denominated in USD 
Net currency exposure to the USD 

2020 

2019 

10,252 
122,555 
132,807 
(21,642) 
111,165 

14,849 
83,273 
98,122 
- 
98,122 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.4  Market risk (continued) 

ii)  

Sensitivity to currency risk 

As at December 31, 

Sensitivity factor 
USD investments supporting Canadian domiciled entities 
Consolidated net assets of Trisura Specialty 
Consolidated net assets of Trisura International 
Loan denominated in USD 

EUR net assets supporting Trisura International (in USD) 

b) 

Interest rate risk 

Impact on comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity 

2020 

2019 

2020 

2019 

10% increase in CDN  
versus USD 
(821) 
(11,202) 
(1,186) 
1,840 

160 
(7,769) 
(1,651) 

- 

10% decrease in CDN  
versus USD 
903 
12,325 
1,305 
(2,025) 

(176) 
8,546 
1,815 
- 

10% increase in USD  
versus EUR 
543 

161 

10% decrease in USD  
versus EUR 
(597) 

(177) 

Interest rate risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates. Fixed income investments, structured 
insurance assets and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of fixed income investments, to the 
extent they are held to maturity, the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the original yield to maturity. The 
fair value of bonds changes inversely with changes in market rates of interest, with greater impact to bonds with longer durations.  

The Company’s discounted unpaid claims balance is also subject to interest rate risk, in particular the Company’s life reserves 
which have longer durations. 

The Company manages its interest rate risk through its investment policy which considers duration of investments held as well as 
asset liability matching.  

As at December 31, 2020 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in the yield curve (1) 
100 basis point decrease in the yield curve (1) 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred shares) 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
income  

(34,330) 
33,372 

(486) 
536 

(27,741) 
33,592 

(4,761) 
(1,776) 

(1)  Assumes parallel shift in the yield curve, and all other variables remain constant. 

As at December 31, 2019 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in the yield curve (1) 
100 basis point decrease in the yield curve (1) 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred shares) 

(25,585) 
25,582 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
income 

(507) 
557 

(22,432) 
27,560 

(2,487) 
(2,575) 

(1)  Assumes parallel shift in the yield curve, and all other variables remain constant. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

15.4  Market risk (continued) 

c) 

Equity price risk 

Equity price risk is the uncertainty associated with the valuation of assets arising from changes in equity markets. 

The Company’s exposure to equity price risk is managed and mitigated through its investment policy which sets out maximum 
exposures to equities at aggregate and per issuer levels as well as requiring diversification across different industry sectors.  

As at December 31, 

Sensitivity factor 
10% increase in equity prices (2) 
10% decrease in equity prices (2) 

2020 

2019 

Impact on net income (1) 

3,761 
(3,761) 

3,102 
(3,102) 

(1)  The methodology used to calculate the latter change is based on 10% of the fair value of the equities (excluding preferred shares and any 

funds which hold predominantly fixed income securities), net of tax, at the statement of financial position dates. 

(2)  Excluding preferred shares. 

Note 16 – Reinsurance 

The Company uses reinsurance in the ordinary course of business to reduce its exposure to any one claim or event under the 
policies it issues. A large portion of this reinsurance is affected under reinsurance agreements known as treaty reinsurance. In 
some instances, it is negotiated on a facultative (one-off) basis for individual policies, generally when the exposures under these 
policies are not sufficiently mitigated by the treaty reinsurance. 

The  Company’s  fronting  operations  cede  the  majority  of the  premium  generated  through  it  to  reinsurers.  As  such,  Reinsurers’ 
share of claims liabilities and Reinsurers share of unearned premiums are significant components of the balance sheet, and the 
associated credit risk is carefully monitored (see Note 15.2).    

Reinsurance  does  not  relieve  the  Company  of  its  obligations  to  policyholders.  A  contingent  liability  exists  with  respect  to 
reinsurance ceded which would become a liability of the Company in the event that any reinsurer fails to honour its contractual 
obligations. For this reason, the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration of credit 
risk to minimize its exposure to losses from reinsurer insolvencies. Reinsurers providing treaty or facultative reinsurance policies 
are required to have a minimum A.M. Best credit rating of A- at the inception of each policy, or are otherwise required to post 
acceptable levels of collateral. 

In  some  instances,  provisions  are  incorporated  in  the  treaties  to  protect  the  Company  in  the  event  a  reinsurer’s  credit  rating 
deteriorates during the term of the reinsurance treaty. Unlicensed reinsurers must post an agreed upon level of collateral. The 
Company has determined that a provision is not required for potentially uncollectible reinsurance as at December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019. 

The following table summarizes the components of Recoverable from reinsurers as at  December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019: 

As at  

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

Reinsurers’ share of claims liabilities (see Note 9) 
Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums (see Note 11) 

313,904 
363,068 
676,972 

114,657 
178,411 
293,068 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 17 – Capital assets  

The Company’s capital assets consist of the following as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:  

Leasehold  improvements 
Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

Note 18 – Intangible assets  

Cost 

1,581 
1,643 
1,546 
4,770 

As at December 31, 2020 

Accumulated 
depreciation 

Carrying 
value 

As at December 31, 2019 
Accumulated 
depreciation 

Cost 

Carrying 
value 

(739) 
(1,104) 
(937) 
(2,780) 

842 
539 
609 
1,990 

1,188 
1,419 
1,103 
3,710 

(615) 
(951) 
(860) 
(2,426) 

573 
468 
243 
1,284 

Intangible assets consist of Computer software, customer lists, and licenses. Computer software is being amortized at a rate of 
40%, using the declining balance method.  

Intangible assets also include state licenses which were acquired as part of the 2019 acquisition for $1,950 USD. These licenses 
have indefinite useful lives and are therefore not amortized. 

Computer 
software 

December 31, 2020 
Customer 
list 

Licenses 

328 
116 
(154) 

738 
- 
(148) 

2,528 
94 
- 

Computer 
software 

December 31, 2019 
Customer 
list 

Licenses 

332 
162 
(166) 

922 
- 
(184) 

- 
2,583 
- 

Total 

3,594 
210 
(302) 

Total 

1,254 
2,745 
(350) 

- 

- 

(55) 

(55) 

- 

- 

(55) 

(55) 

290 

590 

2,567 

3,447 

328 

738 

2,528 

3,594 

Opening, 
carrying value 
Additions 
Amortization 
Foreign 
exchange 
Closing,  
carrying value 

Note 19 – Capital management 

The Company’s capital is its shareholders’ equity, which consists of common shares, contributed surplus, accumulated retained 
earnings and accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company reviews its capital structure on a regular basis to ensure an 
appropriate capital structure in keeping with all regulatory, business and shareholder obligations. 

Oversight of the capital of  the Company rests with management and the board of directors. Their objectives are twofold: (i) to 
ensure the Company is prudently capitalized relative to the amount and type of risks assumed and the requirements established 
by  the  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  the  Company’s  regulated  subsidiaries;  and  (ii)  to  ensure  shareholders  receive  an 
appropriate return on their investment. 

19.1 

Regulatory capital 

a) 

Trisura Guarantee 

Under  guidelines  established  by  the  Office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Financial  Institutions  which  apply  to  Trisura  Guarantee, 
Canadian property and casualty insurance companies must maintain minimum levels of capital as determined in accordance with 
a  prescribed  test,  the  minimum  capital  test  (“MCT”),  which  expresses  available  capital  (actual  capital  plus  or  minus  specified 
adjustments) as a percentage of required capital. Companies are expected to maintain MCT level of at least 150% and are further 
required  to  establish  their  own  unique  target  MCT  level  based  on  the  nature  of  their  operations  and  the  business  they  write. 
Management, with the board of directors’ approval, has established Trisura Guarantee’s target MCT level in accordance with these 
requirements. Trisura Guarantee has exceeded this measure as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

19.1 

Regulatory capital (continued) 

b) 

Trisura Specialty 

Trisura Specialty is subject to externally imposed regulatory capital requirements by the Oklahoma Insurance Department as a 
Domestic Surplus Line Insurer. As an admitted carrier, through its subsidiary, Trisura Specialty is subject to the various capital 
requirements of each state in which it is licensed. A requirement of the regulators is that Trisura Specialty’s Risk Based Capital 
exceed certain minimum thresholds as well as Company Action Levels (“CALs”), below which the Company would have to notify 
the regulators. As at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Trisura Specialty was in excess of any CALs of the states in 
which it was licensed. 

c) 

Trisura International 

Trisura International is subject to externally imposed regulatory capital requirements in Barbados. As at December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019, Trisura International maintained sufficient capital to meet these requirements.  

Note 20 – Loan payable 

As  at  December 31,  2020,  the  Company  maintained  a  five-year  revolving credit  facility  with  a  Canadian  Schedule  I  bank  (the 
“Bank”)  which  allowed  for  drawings  of  up  to  $35,000.  On  April  1,  2020,  the  Company’s  five-year  revolving  credit  facility  was 
amended to increase the Company’s borrowing capacity from $35,000 to $50,000. Under this arrangement, the Company could 
draw funds in the form of short term banker’s acceptances, Canadian prime rate advances, base rate advances or LIBOR rate 
advances. The interest rate was based on the current periods’ bankers’ acceptance rate, Canadian prime rate, base rate, or LIBOR 
rate,  plus  a  margin.  The  loan  balance  is  accounted  for at  amortized  cost,  which  is  equal  to  the  carrying  value.  The  minimum 
required annual payment consists only of interest, with no mandatory principal payments required.  

On  March  16,  2020,  the  Company  converted  its  Canadian  dollar  denominated  loan  balance  of  $29,700  to  a  loan  balance 
denominated  in  US  dollars, with  the  same  bank.  To  do so,  $21,642  USD  was  drawn  under  the  loan  to immediately  repay  the 
outstanding loan payable of $29,700. On March 20, 2020, an additional $3,000 was drawn under the credit facility, which was 
repaid on June 19, 2020. On December 14, 2020, the Company substituted a portion of its credit facility by borrowing $9,000 USD 
through its Prime Brokerage account with the same Schedule I bank. The impact was to slightly lessen the borrowing rate charged. 
The substituted portion is callable at the discretion of the bank.    

As part of the covenants of the loan arrangement, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios, which were fully 
met as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $1,113 of interest expense (December 31, 2019 – $1,361), of 
which  $663  (December  31,  2019  –  $1,039)  are  related  to  the  loan  payable.  As  at  December 31,  2020,  the  loan  balance  was 
$27,555 (December 31, 2019 – $29,700). 

Note 21 – Share capital 

The Company’s authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number of non-
voting shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series). As at December 31, 2020 and December 
31, 2019, no non-voting shares were issued and no preferred shares are outstanding.  

In May 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 1,289,150 common shares for gross proceeds of $60,397. Concurrent 
with the public offering, the Company issued 160,100 common shares to investors on a private placement basis for gross proceeds 
of $7,501. The Company incurred costs of $2,416 in commission paid to underwriters as well as $339 of costs directly attributable 
to the share issuance, which have been deducted from equity. At December 31, 2020, the net impact of the share issuance is an 
increase in common shares of $66,480, net of tax impact of $1,337 related to the share issuance costs. 

In December 2019, the Company exercised its right to redeem all 64,000 (in shares) of its issued and outstanding preferred shares, 
for $1,600. Holders of the preferred shares were entitled to a cumulative dividend, payable quarterly, at a fixed rate of 6%. During 
the year ended December 31, 2020, no dividend payments have been made (December 31, 2019 – $72, at $0.375 (in dollars) per 
share for each Class A, Series 1, preferred share).  

36 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 21 – Share capital (continued) 

In  September  2019,  the  Company  completed  a  public  offering  of  1,743,400  common  shares  for  gross  proceeds  of  $46,026. 
Concurrent with the public offering, the Company issued 454,539 common shares to investors on a private placement basis for 
gross proceeds of $12,000. The Company incurred costs of $1,841 in commission paid to underwriters as well as $516 of costs 
directly attributable to the share issuance, which have been deducted from equity. At December 31, 2019, the net impact of the 
share issuance is an increase in common shares of $55,669. 

The following table shows the common shares issued and outstanding: 

As at 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of year 
Common shares issued, net of taxes 
Balance, end year 

8,819,619 
1,449,250 
10,268,869 

219,251 
66,480 
285,731 

6,621,680 
2,197,939 
8,819,619 

163,582 
55,669 
219,251 

The following table shows the preferred shares issued and outstanding: 

As at 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Balance, beginning of year 
Preferred shares redeemed 
Balance, end of year 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

64,000 
(64,000) 

- 

1,600 
(1,600) 

- 

As at December 31, 2020, the Company did not declare or pay quarterly dividends for each Class A, Series 1, preferred share 
(December 31, 2019 – paid four quarterly dividends, each of $0.375 (in dollars)) per share. 

Note 22 – Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders for the reporting 
period by the weighted-average number of common shares. 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders for the reporting period 
by the weighted-average number of common shares adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, which consist 
of stock options. 

Net income attributable to shareholders 

Less: Dividends declared on preferred shares 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares) 

EPS – basic (in dollars) 

2020 

32,442 

- 

32,442 

2019  

5,094 

(96) 

4,998 

9,732,845 

7,213,433 

3.33 

0.69 

Dilutive effect of the conversion of options on common shares (in shares) 

159,766 

31,076 

Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares) 

9,892,611 

7,244,509 

EPS – diluted (in dollars) 

3.28 

0.69 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 23 – Investment in subsidiary 

On May 21, 2020, TIHL, an intermediary holding company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed a voluntary 
dissolution. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiary were transferred to the Company, including the shares of its wholly-owned 
subsidiary, Trisura International. This dissolution had no impact on the  Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and results 
of operations of the Company. 

Note 24 – Benefits 

The  Company  has  established  and  contributes  to  a  number  of  group  retirement  savings  plan  arrangements  under  which  the 
Company makes contributions. Contributions are charged to operating expense and are recognized as incurred. 

Note 25 – Related party transactions 

The  Company  leases  office  space  from,  and  subleases  office  space  to,  subsidiaries  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc. 
(“Brookfield”), which was the ultimate controlling party of the Company prior to June 2017. An entity with which Brookfield shares 
common management continued to hold an interest in the Company, and as such the Company remained a related party with 
Brookfield.  The  Company  occasionally  issues  insurance  contracts  to  subsidiaries  of  Brookfield.  The  Company  also  invests  in 
securities  of  companies  which  are  subsidiaries  of  Brookfield  and  invests  in  funds  managed  by  Brookfield  subsidiaries.  These 
transactions are conducted in the normal course of business and are measured at the amount of consideration paid or established 
and agreed between the parties. The related party designation between the Company and Brookfield ended in October 2020.  

The following table shows the impact of transactions with related parties: 

Income and expenses reported in: 
     Total revenues 
     Operating expenses 
Net investment income 
     Income from dividends and interest 
     Investment management fee 

Assets and liabilities reported in: 
     Investment in Brookfield securities 

25.1 

Key management personnel 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

1,236 
(509) 

1,155 
- 

2,196 
(624) 

1,286 
(4) 

not applicable 

15,629 

Key management personnel are those persons having the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the 
activities of the Company, directly or indirectly, including any executive officers or directors of the Company. 

The  following  transactions  were carried  out  with key  management  personnel  during the  years  ended  December 31,  2020  and 
2019:  

Salaries and other employee benefits 
Share based payments 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

2,725 
7,736 

2,542 
2,029 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 26 – Segmented information 

The  Company  has  three  reportable  segments.  The  operations  of  Trisura  Guarantee  comprises  Surety,  Risk  Solutions  and 
Corporate Insurance products underwritten in Canada as well as the operations of Trisura Warranty. The operations of Trisura 
Specialty  provides  specialty  insurance  solutions  underwritten  in  the  United  States.  The  operations  of  Trisura  International 
comprises the Company’s international reinsurance operations.  

The following tables show the results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 

Year ended December 31, 2020 

Net premiums earned: 

from external customers 
inter-segment premiums (1) 

Fee income 
Net investment income 
Net (losses) gains  
Total revenues 
Net claims 
Net expenses 
Interest expense 
Total claims and expenses 
Net income (loss) before tax 

Trisura 
Guarantee 

Trisura 
Specialty 

Trisura 
International 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

133,535 
- 
5,027 
7,842 
(829)  

145,575 
(33,762) 
(85,367) 
(383) 
(119,512) 
26,063 

21,244 
- 
24,692 
3,880 
1,596 
51,412 
(16,216) 
(15,108) 
(40) 
(31,364) 
20,048 

- 
5,905 
- 
15,594 
(683) 
20,816 
(22,584) 
(4,423) 
(27) 
(27,034) 
(6,218) 

- 
- 
- 
463 
8,366 
8,829 
- 

(8,577) 
(663) 
(9,240) 
(411) 

Total 

154,779 
5,905 
29,719 
27,779 
8,450 
226,632 
(72,562) 
(113,475) 
(1,113)  
(187,150)  
39,482 

(1)  For the year ended December 31, 2020, Trisura International earned inter-segment premiums of $5,905 (December 31, 2019 – $nil) 

from Trisura Specialty. The inter-segment ceding arrangement was entered into at prevailing market rates. 

Year ended December 31, 2019 

Net premiums earned 
Fee income 
Net investment income  
Settlement from structured  
insurance assets 
Net gains (losses) 
Total revenues 
Net claims 
Net expenses 
Interest expense 
Total claims and expenses 
Net income (loss) before tax 

Trisura 
Guarantee 

Trisura 
Specialty 

Trisura 
International 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

100,510 
4,246 
7,796 
- 

992 
113,544 
(24,579) 
(67,910) 
(265) 
(92,754) 
20,790 

6,859 
7,960 
2,112 
- 

(171) 
16,760 
(4,333) 
(8,237) 
(41) 
(12,611) 
4,149 

135 
- 
6,306 
8,077 

549 
15,067 
(21,024) 
(2,506) 
(16) 
(23,546) 
(8,479) 

- 
- 
29 
- 

202 
231 
- 

(4,453) 
(1,039) 
(5,492) 
(5,261) 

Total 

107,504 
12,206 
16,243 
8,077 

1,572 
145,602 
(49,936) 
(83,106) 
(1,361) 
(134,403) 
11,199 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 26 – Segmented information (continued) 

The  following  table shows  Loan  payable  of  $27,555  included  with  the  liabilities in  Corporate  and  consolidation  adjustments  at 
December 31, 2020 (December 31, 2019 – $29,700): 

As at December 31, 2020 
Assets 
Liabilities 

As at December 31, 2019 
Assets 
Liabilities 

Note 27 – Income taxes 

Trisura 
Guarantee 

541,603 
431,858 

Trisura 
Guarantee 

424,009 
333,681 

Trisura 
Specialty 

1,021,020 
864,983 

Trisura 
International 

121,347 
108,295 

Trisura 
Specialty 

444,763 
336,608 

Trisura 
International 

104,169 
85,766 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

22,762 
11,732 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

5,452 
32,009 

Total 

1,706,732 
1,416,868 

Total 

978,393 
788,064 

Deferred taxes related to: 
     Loss carry-forwards and other 
     Net unpaid claims and LAE 

Investments – unrealized gains and losses 

     Capital, intangible and other assets, net 

Less deferred taxes related to: 
     Investments – unrealized gains and losses 
     Capital, intangible and other assets, net 

Deferred income taxes 
Reported in: 
     Deferred tax assets 
     Income tax (recovery) reported to net income 
     Income tax expense (recovery) reported to 
     other comprehensive income 

Income tax (recovery) reported to  
retained earnings 

Statement of 
financial position 

Statement of 
comprehensive income 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31, 
2019 

December 31, 
2020 

December 31, 
2019 

4,393 
988 
88 
4,295 
9,764 

- 

(1,187) 
(1,187) 
8,577 

8,577 
- 

- 

- 

139 
1,369 
- 
100 
1,608 

(148) 
- 
(148) 
1,460 

1,460 
- 

- 

- 

(4,257) 
391 
(88) 
(4,416) 
(8,370) 

(148) 
1,250 
1,102 
(7,268) 

- 

(6,992) 

1,061 

(1,337) 

35 
(678) 
49 
(61) 
(655) 

- 
- 
- 
(655) 

- 
(525) 

(130) 

- 

A deferred income tax asset is recognized only to the extent that realization of the related income tax benefit through future taxable 
profits is probable. Management has assessed the recoverability of the deferred income tax asset carrying values based on future 
years’ taxable income projections and believes the carrying values of the deferred income tax assets as at  December 31, 2020 
and December 31, 2019 are recoverable.  

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 27 – Income taxes (continued) 

The following shows the major components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 

Current tax expense: 
     Current year 
     Prior year true up 

Deferred tax expense: 
     Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Income tax expense 

Income taxes recorded in other comprehensive income: 
Net changes in unrealized losses on AFS investments 
Reclassification to net income of net losses on AFS investments 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 
Total income tax expense recorded in other comprehensive income 

Year ended December 31 
2019 

2020 

13,956 
76 
14,032 

(6,992) 
7,040 

536 
(1,024) 
1,061 
573 

6,624 
6 
6,630 

(525)  
6,105 

1,308 

(15)  
(130) 
1,163 

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the statutory income tax rate to the income tax provision included in 
the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: 

December 31, 2020  December 31, 2019 

Income before income taxes 
Statutory income tax rate 

Variations due to: 
     Permanent differences 
     International operations subject to different tax rates 
     Unrecognized tax (gain) loss 
Rate differentials: 
     Current rate versus future rate 
     Change in future rate 
True up 
Income tax expense 

39,482 
26.5% 
10,463 

(807) 
573 
(3,303) 

36 
2 
76 
7,040 

11,199 
26.5% 
2,968 

(625) 
2,905 
835 

2 
14 
6 
6,105 

On February 5, 2020, the Company obtained an Advance Income Tax Ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency on a strategy to 
utilize accumulated tax losses. The strategy was implemented on February 20, 2020. As at December 31, 2020, the Company 
has unused tax losses of $6,615 (December 31, 2019 – $11,669) which will expire in the following years: 

December 31, 2020 

2038 
2039 

3,278 
3,337 
6,615 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 28 – Share based compensation  

28.1 

Equity-settled stock options 

The Company currently administers a stock option plan. Under the stock option plan, the exercise price of each stock option will 
be established at the time that the option is granted. It is expected that the vesting period will normally be 20% per year over five 
years and the expiry date of stock options granted will not exceed ten years, however in some instances the vesting period may 
differ. 

The following is a continuity schedule of stock options outstanding as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 

December 31, 2020 

December 31, 2019 

Number of 
options 

Weighted average 
exercise price (in dollars) 

Number of 
options 

Weighted average 
exercise price (in dollars) 

Outstanding, beginning of year 
Cancelled during the year 
Granted during the year 
Outstanding, end of year 

242,235 
- 
91,445 
333,680 

26.38 
- 
50.23 
32.91 

162,000 
(50,000) 
130,235 
242,235 

24.96 
25.66 
27.86 
26.38 

As at December 31, 2020, the outstanding stock options consist of the following: 

Exercise price per share (in dollars) 

Number of options 
outstanding 

Average remaining 
contractual life (in years) 

Number of options 
exercisable 

50.23 
28.65 
29.24 
27.08 
25.66 
24.36 

91,445 
10,000 
40,000 
80,235 
25,000 
87,000 

9.15 
8.63 
8.21 
8.16 
7.88 
6.64 

- 
2,000 
8,000 
16,047 
10,000 
52,200 

As at December 31, 2019, the outstanding stock options consist of the following: 

Exercise price per share (in dollars) 

Number of options 
outstanding 

Average remaining 
contractual life (in years) 

Number of options 
exercisable 

28.65 
29.24 
27.08 
25.66 
24.36 

10,000 
40,000 
80,235 
25,000 
87,000 

9.63 
9.21 
9.16 
8.88 
7.64 

- 
- 
- 
5,000 
34,800 

As at December 31, 2020, 88,247 (December 31, 2019 – 39,800) equity-based stock options were vested. As at December 31, 
2020, the Company had recorded $1,544 (December 31, 2019 – $815) in share reserve related to the options in the contributed 
surplus  balance  of  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position.  For the  year  ended  December 31,  2020,  the  Company 
recorded $729 (December 31, 2019 – $502) of expense related to the options, in Operating expenses. The fair value of the options 
issued were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Inputs to the model include expected volatility, option life 
and risk free rate. Volatility estimate was based on the historical volatility of the Company. The weighted average fair value of 
stock options issued in 2020 at the measurement date was $10.15 (in dollars) (December 31, 2019 – $6.78 (in dollars)). 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

28.2 

Cash-settled stock options 

As at December 31, 2020, 68,870 options were outstanding which had been issued to officers of the Company by the board of 
directors as part of a cash-settled share based payment plan (December 31, 2019 – 120,465), with a vesting period of 20% per 
year over five years, and an expiration date of ten years. As at December 31, 2020, 4,186 options were vested (December 31, 
2019 – 36,093). As at December 31, 2020, the Company had recorded $3,435 (December 31, 2019 – $1,771) in liabilities related 
to  the  options  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Position.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  Company 
recorded $5,723 (December 31, 2019 – $1,350) of expense related to the options, in Operating expenses, which includes one 
exercise transaction of 56,000 options with weighted average price of $95.15 (in dollars) per share. The fair value of the options 
issued were determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Inputs to the model include expected volatility, option life 
and risk free rate. Volatility estimate was based on the historical volatility of the Company. As at December 31, 2020, the weighted 
average fair value of share options issued was $65.89 (in dollars) (December 31, 2019 – $19.97 (in dollars)). 

28.3 

Cash-settled DSUs 

DSUs are awarded to certain directors of the Company at the market value of the Company’s common shares at the grant date. 
These DSUs are awarded in lieu of directors fees at the option of the Directors. Each DSU entitles the holder to receive an amount 
equivalent to the value of a common share at settlement. As at December 31, 2020, 25,091 (December 31, 2019 – 20,312) DSUs 
were awarded to directors who are not employees of the Company or one of its affiliates.  

The following table shows the movement in the number of DSUs issued during the year: 

For the years ended December 31, 

2020 (in units) 

2019 (in units) 

Opening balance 
Granted during the year 
Ending balance 

20,312 
4,779 
25,091 

11,261 
9,051 
20,312 

As at December 31, 2020, no units had been exercised (December 31, 2019 – nil) and $2,235 (December 31, 2019 – $818) had 
been  recorded  as  liabilities  (see  Note  14).  The  liability  was  measured  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  common  shares  of  the 
Company at December 31, 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $1,396 (December 31, 2019 – 
$499) of expense related to the DSUs in Operating expenses. 

28.4  

Equity-settled restricted share units (“RSUs”) 

On February 21, 2020, the Company awarded certain employees RSUs based on the fair value of the Company’s common shares 
at the grant date. These RSUs will typically vest over three years, however in some instances the vesting period may differ. 

The following table shows the movement in the number of RSUs issued during the year ended December 31, 2020: 

For the years ended December 31, 

2020 (in units) 

2019 (in units) 

Opening balance 
Granted during the year 
Ending balance 

- 
8,239 
8,239 

- 
- 
- 

As at December 31, 2020, no units had vested. For the year ended December 31, 2020, $241 (December 31, 2019 – $nil) had 
been recorded as expense related to the RSUs in Operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2020, a share reserve 
to contributed surplus of $212 (December 31, 2019 – $nil) was recorded which is offset by an adjustment to contributed surplus 
related to the vesting of stock options granted of $729 (December 31, 2019 – $502). 

Note 29 – Subsequent event  

On January 1, 2021, 25,000 stock options were granted under the existing stock option plan, with the standard five year vesting 
period, and an exercise price of $87.94 per share. 

43 

 
 
 
CORPORATE OFFICE 

Bay Adelaide Centre 
333 Bay Street, Suite 1610 
Toronto, Ontario 
M5H 2R2 
Telephone: 
Facsimile: 

(416) 214-2555 
(416) 214-9597 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT 

AST Trust Company (Canada) 
P.O. Box 700, Station B 
Montreal, Quebec 
H3B 3K3 
Telephone: 

(416) 682-3860 or 
toll free within North America 
(800) 387-0825 
(888) 249-6189 
https://www.astfinancial.com 
inquiries@astfinancial.com 

 Facsimile:  
 Website: 
 E-mail: 

EXCHANGE LISTING 

TSX Stock Symbol: TSU 

CORPORATE INFORMATION 

DIRECTORS 

George Myhal1 
Chair of the Board 

Paul Gallagher2 
Corporate Director 

Barton Hedges3 
Corporate Director 

Robert Taylor 
Corporate Director 

Greg Morrison 
Corporate Director 

David Clare 
Corporate Director 

1. Chair of the Governance and Compensation Committee 
2. Chair of the Audit Committee 
3. Chair of the Investment and Risk Committee 

OFFICERS 

David Clare 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Chief Investment Officer 

David Scotland 
Chief Financial Officer 

James Doyle 
Chief Risk Officer 

Chris Sekine 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company 

Michael Beasley 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Trisura Specialty Insurance Company