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Trisura Group

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FY2018 Annual Report · Trisura Group
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Letter to Shareholders 

2018  was an evolutionary year for  Trisura Group, as we concentrated on  growing  our  global specialty insurance 
platform across our operating jurisdictions. Our Canadian team continued to deliver strong underwriting results and 
growth,  keeping  the  pace  set  over  the  past  13  years.  In  the  U.S.  we  began  to  deliver  on  our  operating  targets, 
generating over $50 million in premiums and significant fee income through our hybrid fronting model. As our global 
business  develops,  we  remain  focused  on  maintaining  the  culture,  principles  and  standards  that  have  made  us 
preferred partners for our specialty insurance distribution networks in Canada for so many years. 

Financial Highlights 

Our specialty P&C insurance business delivered strong performance, with $219 million in gross premiums written, 
an increase of 49% over 2017. Our growth was broad-based, driven by acceleration of new business from our U.S. 
platform, as well as increased premiums year over year in each of Surety, Risk Solutions and Corporate insurance. 
Importantly, profitability also increased year-on-year, generating $8.6 million in net income driven by the strength 
of our Canadian operations.  

Our balance sheet is conservatively managed and growing, with $130 million in capital and a consolidated debt to 
capital  ratio  below  our  20%  target.  Each  of  our  regulated  subsidiaries  are  well-capitalized  with  appropriate 
regulatory capital positions.  

Insurance Operations 

We  continue  to  be  a  leader  in  the  speciality  commercial  insurance  market.  Our  Canadian  subsidiary  is  our  most 
mature  business  line  and  is  led  by  an  experienced  and  skilled  management  team.  In  our  Canadian  business,  we 
achieved a  combined ratio of 86.3%, which  coupled with  improved investment  income  drove a  19.1% return on 
common equity. 2018 was especially strong in our surety business line, a core strength of our organization. Through 
focused underwriting and a deep history in the industry, our surety team delivered an industry leading loss ratio in 
2018. Corporate Insurance and Risk Solutions also contributed to our topline growth and group profitability.  

Our primary strategic objective in 2018 was expansion into the U.S. specialty insurance market. Following the receipt 
of a license and an AM Best A- (Excellent) rating in the fall of 2017, we grew our team to 14 professionals, and bound 
14 programs generating $54 million in gross premium. We built on our momentum in every quarter of operations 
and anticipate accelerating premium growth to continue. Our U.S. company was established as a fronting carrier, 
ceding the majority of premiums to reinsurance partners in exchange for a fronting fee. We’re very excited about 
the potential of this fee-based platform and expect its growth to continue in 2019. With our AM Best A- rating, and 
our current capital, we have capacity to write over $200 million in annual premiums.  

Our  international  reinsurance  business  based  in  Barbados  provides  us  with  an  important  platform  for  future 
international growth.  We are in the process of licensing our international entity to act as a captive reinsurer to our 
U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and anticipate writing business in 2019. In 2018, a declining European interest rate 
environment  drove  reserve  strengthening  in  the  last  quarter  of  the  year;  however,  results  remained  breakeven 
through the 12-month period.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments 

In 2018 we internalized and centralized our investment management and advisory function, broadening the tool kit 
available to our subsidiary portfolios. We have introduced currency hedging programs to improve diversification and 
benefit from a global investment posture. We also gained access to an expanded set of securities, including private 
debt and commercial mortgages; investments that we feel are appropriate and attractive for insurance portfolios. 
We have already seen the benefit of greater interest and dividend income in our Canadian  portfolio and plan to 
continue enhancing yield selectively across the U.S. and International asset pools. Following the formalization of our 
advisory  function  for  our  international  portfolios  in  Q4,  we  anticipate  improving  both  the  yield  and  duration 
matching characteristics of these assets. 

The market volatility experienced through the year provided opportunities to re-balance our portfolios, improving 
yield, diversification and portfolio quality. The majority of our portfolios remain invested in high quality, investment 
grade bonds and is complemented with preferred shares, private debt, and high quality, dividend paying equities. 
Corporate spreads expanded significantly in the fourth quarter of 2018, and equity and preferred shares experienced 
a rapid correction. Although these movements result in near term portfolio volatility, we view them as opportunities 
to seek out high quality investments that we can hold over the long term. This approach enabled us to selectively 
add equity and fixed income positions through December at attractive valuations. We continue to believe that we 
can  have  success  applying  principles  of  prudent  investment  management  in  seeking  opportunities  to  enhance 
investment performance.    

Strategic Priorities 

We  aim  to  provide  our  subsidiaries  with  the  opportunities  and  resources  necessary  to  grow  and  to  continue  to 
bolster  our  investment  and  risk  management  functions.  We  intend  to  expand  our  reach  in  Canada  and  the  U.S. 
through  both  organic  and  acquisitive  growth  while  continuing  our  history  of  profitability  through  disciplined 
underwriting and investment returns. Through this period of transition and growth, we have continued to prioritize 
our culture and recognize the importance of our people.   We're proud of our Canadian subsidiary for once again 
being recognized as one of Canada's Top Small and Medium Employers, demonstrating the special culture of our 
organization and providing a strong foundation for Trisura Group’s future. 

Closing 

We are well-positioned to continue our trajectory of growth in 2019. Our team is focused on underwriting specialty 
commercial business alongside our distribution partners and we are actively searching for opportunities to expand. 
Our U.S. platform is in the early innings of its development and its potential is evident. Our niche focus will serve our 
shareholders well and we expect that specialty commercial insurance will continue to outperform the boarder P&C 
market's underwriting results.   

As we look forward towards 2019, I would like to thank our partners, shareholders and employees for their continued 
support!  

Sincerely, 

David Clare 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
Trisura Group Ltd.  
February 14, 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION 

This  letter  to  shareholders  contains  “forward-looking  information”  within  the  meaning  of  Canadian  provincial 
securities 
laws  and  “forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  any  applicable  Canadian  securities 
regulations. Forward-looking  statements include statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to 
future events or conditions, include  statements regarding the operations, business, financial condition, expected 
financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and 
outlook of Trisura Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries, as  well as the outlook for North American for the current fiscal 
year  and  subsequent  periods,  and include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” 
“seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,”  “forecasts” or negative versions thereof and other similar expressions, or 
future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,”  “should,” “would” and “could.” 

Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the 
forward- looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader 
should not  place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and 
unknown risks,  uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual 
results,  performance  or achievements of  Trisura  Group  Ltd.  to differ materially  from anticipated  future  results, 
performance or achievement expressed  or implied by such forward-looking statements and information. 

Factors  that  could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those  contemplated  or  implied  by  forward-
looking  statements include, but are not limited to: the impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political 
and market factors in the countries in which we do business; the behavior of financial markets, including fluctuations 
in  interest  and  foreign exchange rates; global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt 
financing and refinancing  within these markets; strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and 
effectively integrate acquisitions  into  existing  operations  and  the  ability  to  attain  expected  benefits;  changes  in 
accounting policies and methods used to  report financial condition (including uncertainties associated with critical 
accounting assumptions and estimates); the  ability to appropriately manage human capital; the effect of applying 
future  accounting  changes;  business  competition;  operational  and  reputational  risks;  technological  change; 
changes  in  government  regulation  and  legislation  within  the  countries  in  which  we  operate;  governmental 
investigations;  litigation;  changes  in  tax  laws;  ability  to  collect  amounts  owed;  catastrophic  events,  such  as 
earthquakes and hurricanes; the possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist 
acts and cyber terrorism; and other risks and factors detailed from time to time in our  documents filed with the 
securities regulators in Canada. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying 
on  our  forward-looking  statements,  investors  and  others  should  carefully  consider  the  foregoing  factors  and 
other  uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, Trisura Group Ltd. undertakes no obligation to 
publicly update or  revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a 
result of new information,  future events or otherwise. 

 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is provided to enable a reader to assess the results of operations and 
financial condition of Trisura Group Ltd. for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018.  This MD&A should be 
read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this MD&A to the “Company” refer to Trisura Group Ltd. and references 
to “us,” “we” or “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries and consolidated entities.   

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are in Canadian dollars and are prepared in accordance with International 
Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board.    In  this  MD&A,  all 
references to “$” are to Canadian dollars unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires. 

This MD&A is dated February 14, 2019.  Additional information is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

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TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section 1 – Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

•  Our Business 
•  Organizational Structure & Regulatory Framework 

Section 2 – Financial Highlights ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 
Section 3 – Financial Review ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 

Income Statement Analysis 

• 
•  Balance Sheet Analysis  
•  Share Capital 
•  Liquidity 
•  Capital 

Section 4 – Underwriting Performance Review .............................................................................................................................................. 9 

•  Specialty P&C 
•  Specialty P&C – Canada 
•  Specialty P&C – United States 
•  Reinsurance 
•  Corporate 

Section 5 – Investment Performance Review................................................................................................................................................ 17 

•  Overview 
•  Summary of Investment Portfolio 
• 

Investment Performance 

Section 6 – Outlook & Strategy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 

Industry 

• 
•  Outlook and Strategy 

Section 7 – Other Information ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21 

•  Ratings 
•  Cash Flow Summary 
•  Segmented Reporting 
•  Contractual Obligations 
•  Financial Instruments 
•  Related Party Transactions 
•  Operating Metrics 

Section 8 – Risk Management........................................................................................................................................................................ 24 

•  Key Risks 

Section 9 – Summary of Results..................................................................................................................................................................... 28 

•  Selected Quarterly Results 

Section 10 – Accounting and Disclosure Matters ............................................................................................................................. 28 

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting 

•  Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
• 
•  Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking information 
•  Glossary of Abbreviations 

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TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 1 - OVERVIEW 

OUR BUSINESS 

Our Company is a leading international specialty insurance holding company operating in the Surety, Risk Solutions, Corporate 
Insurance and Reinsurance niche segments of the market.  Our operating subsidiaries include a Canadian specialty insurance 
company, a recently launched US specialty insurance company, and an international reinsurance company.  Our Canadian 
specialty insurance subsidiary started writing business in 2006 and has a strong underwriting track record over its 13 years of 
operation.  Our US specialty insurance company participates as a hybrid fronting entity in the non-admitted markets and is 
licensed as an excess and surplus lines carrier in Oklahoma with the ability to write business across 50 states. 

Our international reinsurance business has been in operation for more than 17 years and although we ceased writing new 
reinsurance business in 2008, we expect to commence writing new business in support of our US subsidiary. 

Our Company benefits from an experienced management team, a strong distribution network and partners, and a specialized 
underwriting focus.  We plan to grow by building our business in the US, and by expanding our Canadian and international 
businesses both organically and through strategic acquisitions.  We believe our Company can capitalize on favourable market 
conditions through our multi-line and multi-jurisdictional platform. 

Significant achievements in 2018 include: 

✓  Excellent  underwriting  performance  and  continued  growth  in  our  Canadian  Specialty  P&C  insurance  operations, 
Trisura  Guarantee,  achieving  a  2018  ROE  (trailing  12  months)  of  19.1%  and  an  86.3%  combined  ratio,  alongside 
12.7% growth in GPW. 

✓  Establishment  of  our  US  Specialty  P&C  insurer  as  a  preferred  partner  in  the  fronting  markets,  with  a  strong 
management team and an efficient operational structure. By partnering with established and well-managed program 
administrators  and  strong  international  reinsurers,  Trisura  Specialty  wrote  $54  million  GPW  in  2018  across  13 
programs covering a broad range of surplus lines classes of business.  In addition, Trisura Specialty has built a strong 
pipeline of future business opportunities. AM Best reaffirmed Trisura Specialty’s A- (Excellent) rating with a stable 
outlook in October 2018.  

✓  Centralizing our in-house investment management and advisory function which now operates across all operating 
subsidiaries.  Selective redeployment, introduction of new asset classes and currency hedging programs have yielded 
higher investment income in our Canadian operation and is expected to improve. 

✓ 

Increased capital flexibility by transitioning debt from a term loan at our Canadian subsidiary to a revolving credit 
facility at the group level. 

✓  Best employer awards in 2018 include, Canada’s Top Small and Medium Employers by Canada’s Top  100 for the 

second year in a row, and Best Small and Medium Employers in Canada for four years running.  

✓  Enhanced  corporate  governance  and  risk  management  functions  through  introduction  of  risk  management  and 

investment committees at subsidiary and group board levels. 

3  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 

The Company was incorporated under the  Business Corporations Act (Ontario) (“OBCA”) in January 2017.  We have three 
regulated wholly owned insurance subsidiaries:   

(i)  Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company (“Trisura Guarantee”) is our Canadian specialty insurance company. Trisura 
Guarantee is federally incorporated in Canada, is licensed in all provinces and territories of Canada and is subject to 
both prudential regulation by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”) and market conduct 
regulation  by  each  of  the  insurance  regulatory  authorities  of  the  provinces  and  territories  in  which  it  conducts 
business. 

(ii)  Trisura Specialty is our US specialty insurance company. Trisura Specialty was incorporated on May 31, 2017 and is 
licensed by the Oklahoma Insurance Department as a domestic surplus line insurer and can write business as a non-
admitted surplus line insurer in all states within the United States. 

(iii)  Trisura International Insurance Ltd. (“Trisura International”), is our international reinsurance company for third party 
risks. Trisura International is incorporated in Barbados, is licensed to write international reinsurance business and is 
regulated  by  the  Financial  Services  Commission  (“FSC”)  in  Barbados.    In  January  2019  we  established  Trisura 
International Reinsurance Company Ltd. (“TIRCL”) as a wholly owned subsidiary of Trisura International in Barbados 
to act as a reinsurer of our on-shore companies.  TIRCL is also regulated by the FSC. 

SECTION 2 – FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS IN Q4 2018 AND FULL YEAR 2018 

✓ 

✓ 

Increased Net income in Q4 2018 ($1.6 million, an increase of $1.7 million over Q4 2017) and full year 2018 ($8.6 
million, an increase of $3.8 million (excluding Minority Interests)) over 2017 driven by excellent performance at our 
Canadian Specialty P&C business.   

Improving consolidated ROE (trailing 12 months of 6.9% at December 31, 2018, 5.6% at September 30, 2018 and 
4.1% at June 30, 2018) as US Specialty business continues to grow.  

✓  $0.24 EPS (basic and diluted) in Q4, $1.29 full year basic EPS ($1.27 diluted EPS) and $19.63 in Book Value per Share, 

a 7.0% increase over December 2017.   

✓  Excellent  performance from  our Canadian Specialty P&C insurance operations, achieving a  2018  ROE (trailing 12 

months) of 19.1% and combined ratios of 83.9% in Q4 and 86.3% in 2018. 

✓  Continued strong premium growth in our Canadian Specialty P&C business, increasing GPW by 6.3% in Q4 and by 

12.7% in the full year driven by Risk Solutions and Corporate Insurance.   

✓  Strong and accelerating premium growth in our US Specialty Insurance platform, with GPW of $27.2 million in Q4 

and $53.7 million since commencing business in early 2018.  

✓  Continued strong capital position across the Group including MCT of 239% in our Canadian subsidiary, capital in our 
US business to support its AM Best A- Rating (VII size category) and appropriate capital in our international reinsurer.  

✓  Debt-to-capital ratio of 18.6% at Q4 2018 down from 19.6% at Q4 2017 and below our long-term target of a 20% 

debt-to-capital ratio. 

4  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 3 – FINANCIAL REVIEW 

INCOME STATEMENT ANALYSIS 

5  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance% variance20182017$ variance% varianceGross premiums written68,27438,68929,58576.5%219,041146,76372,27849.3%Net premiums written31,11426,4394,67517.7%115,47599,61515,86015.9%Net premiums earned22,98319,8663,11715.7%88,80979,4339,37611.8%Fee income675127548431.5%4,7243,4001,32438.9%Total underwriting revenue23,65819,9933,66518.3%93,53382,83310,70012.9%Net claims(5,920)(5,187)(733)14.1%(19,402)(17,653)(1,749)9.9%Net commissions(6,545)(5,195)(1,350)26.0%(29,903)(24,882)(5,021)20.2%Premium taxes(1,278)(1,227)(51)4.2%(4,758)(4,463)(295)6.6%Operating expenses (8,934)(8,913)(21)0.2%(35,184)(32,279)(2,905)9.0%Net claims and expenses (22,677)(20,522)(2,155)10.5%(89,247)(79,277)(9,970)12.6%Net underwriting income981(529)1,510nm4,2863,55673020.5%Net investment income2,8291,0071,822180.9%10,4575,4115,04693.3%Foreign exchange (losses) gains(559)103(662)nm(712)(35)(677)1934.3%Interest expense(261)(197)(64)32.5%(970)(1,009)39(3.9%)Change in minority interests- - -     n/a- (5,156)5,156nmIncome before income taxes2,9903842,606678.6%13,0612,76710,294372.0%Income tax expense(1,359)(461)(898)194.8%(4,423)(3,109)(1,314)42.3%Net income (loss)1,631(77)1,708nm8,638(342)8,980nmOther comprehensive income (loss)1521,141(989)(86.7%)(316)(4,495)4,179(93.0%)Comprehensive income (loss)1,7831,06471967.6%8,322(4,837)13,159nm0.24(0.01)0.25nm1.290.370.92nm0.24(0.01)0.25nm1.270.370.90nm19.6318.351.287.0%19.6318.351.287.0%6.9%3.9%*n/a3.0pts6.9%3.9%*n/a3.0pts*For period June 22, 2017 to December 31, 2017 i.e. after spinoff from Brookfield Asset Management Inc.ROE trailing twelve monthsEarnings per common share- diluted - in dollarsBook value per share $Earnings per common share- basic - in dollars 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Premium Revenue and Fee Income 

Very  strong  premium  growth  continued  in  Q4  2018  with  a  76.5%  increase  in  GPW  driven  by  $27.2  million  of  new  gross 
premium from our US Specialty platform and supported by 6.3% quarter over quarter growth in the Canadian business.  NPW 
growth of 17.7% is lower than GPW growth due to an increase in the proportion of our business that is ceded to reinsurers, 
primarily  as  a  result  of  our  fronting  business  model  in  US  Specialty  and  Risk  Solutions  in  Canada.    Q4  2018  fee  income 
increased due to growing fronting fees from US Specialty. 

For the full year 2018, US Specialty wrote $53.7 million in GPW which contributed significantly to consolidated GPW growth 
of  49.3%.    NPW  growth  of  15.9%  was  supported  by  Risk  Solutions  and  Corporate  Insurance  in  Canada,  as  well  as  new 
premiums from US Specialty P&C.   Fee income increased by 38.9% in 2018 driven by fronting fees from our US Specialty 
platform  and  the  transition  of  RSA’s  surety  book  to  Trisura  Guarantee  in  late  2017.    As  a  result  of  these  factors,  2018 
underwriting revenue grew 12.9% compared to 2017. 

Net Claims  

Net claims in Q4 2018 and full year 2018 were $0.7 million and $1.7 million higher than the same periods in 2017.  This was 
the result of growth in our Canadian Corporate Insurance and US Specialty P&C businesses together with reserve increases 
in  the  life  component  of  the  Reinsurance  business  and  adverse  prior  year  claim  development  in  Canadian  Corporate 
Insurance.      In both  Q4 and  full  year  these  increases  were  offset  by  a  low  level  of  claims  activity  in  the  Canadian  Surety 
business (see Section 4 Underwriting Performance Review).  

Operating Expenses 

Operating expenses in Q4 2018 were in line with Q4 2017.  On a full year basis, the increase in 2018 over 2017 arose mainly 
from expenses at US Specialty P&C as it commenced active underwriting.  

Net Underwriting Income 

Net underwriting income in Q4 2018 was $1.5 million higher than Q4 2017 due to strong underwriting performance from the 
Canadian Specialty P&C platform, which achieved a combined ratio of 83.9% compared to 93.7% in Q4 2017.  This more than 
offset underwriting losses in our Reinsurance business and losses during the development of our US specialty P&C business.  

These same factors contributed to the 20.5% increase in 2018 net underwriting income. 

Minority Interests 

The $5.2 million increase in Minority interests in 2017 reflected the 40% minority interest in Trisura Guarantee which was 
owned  by  its  management  team.    In  late  2017  we  acquired  full  ownership  of  Trisura  Guarantee  through  the  issuance  of 
common shares at Trisura Group Ltd.  Consequently, we now own 100% of Trisura Guarantee and no longer reflect minority 
interests in our financial statements.    

Net Investment Income and Other Comprehensive Income 

See Section 5 – Investment Performance Review. 

6  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Net Income 

The increase in Net income of $1.7 million in Q4 and $3.8 million in the full year (excluding Minority Interests) arose from 
strong performance in our Canadian Specialty P&C operations offset by the early stage costs of our US Specialty P&C platform 
and net losses in the life component of the Reinsurance business.   

EPS, Book Value per Share and ROE 

We  provide  performance  metrics  including  EPS,  book  value  per  share  and  ROE  from  June  22,  2017  when  the  Company 
effected a spin-off from Brookfield Asset Management Inc. and commenced regular way trading on the TSX.  Q4 2018 EPS 
(basic and diluted) was $0.24 compared to ($0.01) in Q4 2017 and full year 2018 EPS was $1.29 (basic) and $1.27 (diluted).  
Book value per share at December 31, 2018 of $19.63 represented 7.0% growth since December 31, 2017.  ROE on a trailing 
12 months basis was 6.9% which represented an increase on previous quarters (5.6% as at September 30, 2018 and 4.1% as 
at June 30, 2018) but reflected the early developmental drag of the US business. 

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS 

Total assets at December 31, 2018 were $112.6 million higher than at December 31, 2017 as a result of growth at our US and 
Canadian Specialty P&C businesses. This growth led to increases across a number of assets categories including investments, 
premiums  and  accounts  receivable  and  other  assets,  deferred  acquisitions  costs  and  recoverables  from  reinsurers.  The 
increase in investments arose primarily from the redeployment of cash in the US Specialty P&C investment portfolio.  Cash 
and cash equivalents reduced correspondingly. 

7  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

As atDecember 31, 2018December 31, 2017$ varianceCash and cash equivalents95,212165,675(70,463)Investments 282,874190,64192,233Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets46,27623,17223,104Deferred acquisition costs63,71540,26623,449Recoverable from reinsurers109,56765,25444,313Capital assets and intangible assets2,5122,612(100)Deferred tax assets82674086Total assets600,982488,360112,622Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities24,16719,7954,372Reinsurance premiums payable41,40617,55523,851Unearned premiums 182,623115,35767,266Unearned reinsurance commissions19,1375,56613,571Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses173,997178,885(4,888)Loan payable29,70029,700-     Total liabilities471,030366,858104,172Shareholders' equity129,952121,5028,450Total liabilities and shareholders' equity600,982488,360112,622 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

The main drivers of liability changes were unearned premiums,  reinsurance premiums payable and  unearned reinsurance 
commissions as a result of business growth.  The on-going run-off of the in-force Reinsurance business and some large claim 
settlements in the fronting arrangements of our Canadian Specialty P&C business in Q1 2018 resulted in a reduction in unpaid 
claims and loss adjustment expenses.   

Shareholder’s equity increased due to an increase in retained earnings. 

SHARE CAPITAL 

Our authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number of non-voting 
shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series).   

As  at  December  31,  2018,  6,621,680  common  shares  and  64,000  preferred  shares  of  the  Company  were  issued  and 
outstanding which is unchanged from December 31, 2017. 

LIQUIDITY 

Liquidity sources immediately available to the Company include: (i) cash and cash equivalents; (ii) our portfolio of highly rated, 
highly  liquid  investments  (iii)  cash  flow  from  operating  activities  which  include  receipt  of  net  premiums,  fee  income  and 
investment income and; (iv) bank loan facilities including our revolving credit facility.  These funds are used primarily to pay 
claims and operating expenses, service the Company’s banking facility and purchase investments to support claims reserves 
and capital requirements.  

CAPITAL 

The MCT ratio of Trisura Guarantee was 239% at December 31, 2018 (255% as at December 31, 2017), which comfortably 
exceeds the 150% regulatory requirements prescribed by OSFI.  

Trisura Specialty’s capital and surplus of $66.5 million as at December 31, 2018 ($56.5 million as at December 31, 2017) was 
in excess of the minimum Risk Based Capital Ratio requirement of the Oklahoma Insurance Department.  

Trisura International’s capital of $28.7 million as at December 31, 2018 ($26.6 million as at December 31, 2017) was sufficient 
to meet the FSC’s regulatory capital requirement. 

We had a debt-to-capital ratio of 18.6% as at December 31, 2018 (19.6% as at December 31, 2017), below our long-term 
target debt-to-capital ratio of 20%. 

The Company is well capitalized and we expect to have sufficient capital to meet our regulatory capital requirements, fund 
our operations and support our current business plans.  

8  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 4 – UNDERWRITING PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

SPECIALTY P&C  

Our Specialty P&C business consists of our Surety, Risk Solutions and Corporate Insurance business lines which we write in 
Canada through Trisura Guarantee and a broad range of surplus lines in the United States written through Trisura Specialty. 

The tables and charts below provide a segmentation of our Specialty P&C GPW and NPW for the fourth quarters and full years 
of  2018  and  2017  respectively.    Corporate  Insurance  and  Risk  Solutions  grew  strongly  during  2018.    US  Specialty  P&C 
commenced writing business in early 2018 and contributed meaningfully to premium growth by writing $27.2 million GPW 
in Q4 2018 and $53.7 million in 2018. 

Gross Premiums Written
Q4 2018

Gross Premiums Written
2018 

Surety
15.0%

Risk Solutions
29.6%

Specialty US
39.8%

Corporate 
Insurance
15.6%

Specialty US
24.5%

Surety
23.5%

Corporate 
Insurance
17.9%

Risk 
Solutions
34.1%

9  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

GPWQ4 2018% of totalQ4 2017% of total2018% of total2017% of totalSurety10,20115.0%10,01425.9%51,53523.5%49,69033.9%Risk Solutions20,22229.6%20,05551.9%74,61434.1%64,19043.8%Corporate Insurance10,64415.6%8,57322.2%39,07317.9%32,71822.3%Specialty US27,19439.8%n/an/a53,73124.5%n/an/aTotal GPW68,261100.0%38,642100.0%218,953100.0%146,598100.0%% growth over prior year period76.6%15.8%49.4%17.5% 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

NPW grew by 17.8% in Q4 2018 and by 16.0% during 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.  Growth was 
principally driven by Corporate Insurance and Risk Solutions in Canada and from US Specialty P&C in recent quarters. 

Net Premiums Written
Q4 2018

Specialty US
3.7%

Net Premiums Written
2018

Specialty US
2.2%

Corporate 
Insurance
27.1%

Surety
23.1%

Corporate 
Insurance
26.3%

Surety
31.4%

Risk 
Solutions
46.1%

Risk 
Solutions
40.1%

10  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

NPWQ4 2018% of totalQ4 2017% of total2018% of total2017% of totalSurety7,19423.1%7,42928.1%36,22831.4%34,25134.4%Risk Solutions14,33846.1%12,14046.0%46,23840.1%39,74640.0%Corporate Insurance8,41527.1%6,82525.9%30,37826.3%25,45625.6%Specialty US1,1553.7%n/an/a2,5482.2%n/an/aTotal NPW31,102100.0%26,394100.0%115,392100.0%99,453100.0%% growth over prior year period17.8%21.1%16.0%14.4% 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SPECIALTY P&C – CANADA 

The table below presents financial highlights for our Canadian Specialty P&C business. 

Our Canadian Specialty P&C business produced strong growth in GPW in 2018, increasing by 6.3% in Q4 2018 and 12.7% for 
the full year, driven by Risk Solutions and Corporate Insurance.  Fee income increased by 12.1% in part due to the contribution 
from  the  surety  business  transitioned  from  RSA  to  Trisura  Guarantee  in  late  2017.    Overall,  net  underwriting  revenue 
increased by 12.9% in Q4 2018 and 10.9% in full year 2018 compared to the corresponding periods in 2017.   

Net underwriting income in Q4 2018 was $3.6 million, an increase of $2.4 million over Q4 2017 driven by favorable claims 
experience in Surety and Risk Solutions which resulted in an overall Canadian loss ratio of 19.9% compared to 28.1% in Q4 
2017.  The Canadian expense ratio in Q4 2018 of 64.0% was in line with Q4 2017.  

For 2018, net underwriting income of $12.0 million was $3.1 million higher than 2017, driven by higher profitable earned 
premiums and strong performance in Surety.  The combined ratio of 86.3% in 2018 improved by 2.6 points over 2017. 

Investment income increased significantly in Q4 and for the full year as assets were strategically redeployed.  See Section 5 – 
Investment Performance Review for further discussion.  

2018 ROE (trailing 12 months) was excellent at 19.1% compared to 13.7% for 2017.  

11  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance% variance20182017$ variance% varianceGross premiums written41,06738,6422,4256.3%165,222146,59818,62412.7%Net premiums written29,94726,3943,55313.5%112,84499,45313,39113.5%Net premiums earned22,44819,8212,62713.3%87,85279,2708,58210.8%Fee income80127(47)(37.0%)3,8123,40041212.1%Net underwriting revenue22,52819,9482,58012.9%91,66482,6708,99410.9%Net underwriting income3,6211,2462,375190.6%11,9848,8393,14535.6%Net investment income2,0478331,214145.7%6,6293,9312,69868.6%Net income4,1951,6192,576159.1%14,1059,6574,44846.1%Comprehensive (loss) income(916)2,588(3,504)nm7,09110,579(3,488)(33.0%)Loss ratio: current accident year25.3%35.1%(9.8pts)26.5%29.0%(2.5pts)Loss ratio: Prior years' development(5.4%)(7.0%)1.6pts(4.9%)(5.0%)0.1ptsLoss ratio19.9%28.1%(8.2pts)21.6%24.0%(2.4pts)Expense ratio64.0%65.6%(1.6pts)64.7%64.9%(0.2pts)Combined ratio83.9%93.7%(9.8pts)86.3%88.9%(2.6pts)ROE trailing twelve months19.1%13.7%5.4pts19.1%13.7%5.4pts 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Surety 

The main products offered by our Surety business line are: 

✓  Contract surety bonds, such as performance and labour and material payment bonds, primarily for the construction 

industry; 

✓  Commercial surety bonds, such as license and permit, tax and excise, and fiduciary bonds, which are issued on behalf 
of commercial enterprises and professionals to governments, regulatory bodies or courts to guarantee compliance 
with legal or fiduciary obligations; and 

✓  Developer surety bonds, comprising mainly bonds to secure real estate developers’ legislated deposit and warranty 

obligations on residential projects. 

In Q4 2018, Surety accounted for 15% and 23% of our overall GPW and NPW, respectively.  For 2018, Surety accounted for 
24% and 31% of overall GPW and NPW, respectively. 

Surety GPW grew by 1.9% in Q4 2018 and by 3.7% in the full year.   Some increased retention as a result of business mix 
changes compared to 2017 has led to higher percentage growth in NPW than GPW on a full year basis.  NPE also grew strongly, 
by 9.7% in the full year.  The increase in fee income in 2018 was partly attributable to underwriting fees from  the surety 
business transitioned from RSA in late 2017.  In Surety, fee income generally represents fees charged to insureds to maintain 
their bonding facility with the Company.  These fees are typically collected at the beginning of the year.   

Claims experience was strong through 2018.  In Q4 2018 favourable PYD exceeded current year claims leading to a negative 
loss ratio of (1.8%) compared to 20.5% in Q4 2017.  The full year 2018 loss ratio was 7.2% compared to 15.1% in 2017 driven 
by lower current year claims and more favorable PYD.  

Expense ratio for Q4 2018 increased by 4 points.  For 2018 the expense ratio was in line with 2017. 

The increases in net underwriting income of $1.6 million in Q4 2018 and $3.6 million in 2018 were driven by the lower claims 
experience which also led to the significant improvement in combined ratios.  In Q4 2018, the combined ratio was 64.9% 
compared to 83.1% in Q4 2017 and 72.6% in full year 2018 compared to 80.8% in full year 2017. 

12  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance% variance20182017$ variance% varianceGross premiums written10,20110,0141871.9%51,53549,6901,8453.7%Net premiums written7,1947,429(235)(3.2%)36,22834,2511,9775.8%Net premiums earned8,6118,4032082.5%35,96532,7843,1819.7%Fee income80127(47)(37.0%)3,8023,38541712.3%Net underwriting revenue8,6918,5301611.9%39,76736,1693,59810.0%Net underwriting income3,0161,4171,599112.8%9,8796,3013,57856.8%Loss ratio: current accident year6.2%30.0%(23.8pts)15.6%21.4%(5.8pts)Loss ratio: Prior years' development(8.0%)(9.5%)1.5pts(8.4%)(6.3%)(2.1pts)Loss ratio(1.8%)20.5%(22.3pts)7.2%15.1%(7.9pts)Expense ratio66.7%62.6%4.1pts65.4%65.7%(0.3pts)Combined ratio64.9%83.1%(18.2pts)72.6%80.8%(8.2pts) 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Risk Solutions 

Risk Solutions includes specialty insurance contracts which are structured, including through fronting arrangements, to meet 
the  specific  requirements  of  program  administrators,  managing  general  agencies,  captive  insurance  companies,  affinity 
groups and reinsurers.  Our Risk Solutions business line consists primarily of warranty programs.   

In Q4 2018, Risk Solutions accounted for 30% and 46% of our overall GPW and NPW respectively.  For 2018, Risk Solutions 
accounted for 34% and 40% of overall GPW and NPW respectively. 

The diversity of structure and earnings profiles in the Risk Solution transactions creates variability in gross versus net premium 
growth trends. In Q4 2018 NPE grew by 30.4% while GPW was flat.  In 2018 GPW growth was 16.2% with 12.4% growth in 
NPE.  The strong growth in GPW in 2018 was the result of the increased premium volume in fronting and warranty programs.   

Q4 2018 and full year 2018 loss ratios benefitted from higher favourable PYD than the corresponding 2017 periods.  The 2018 
expense ratio increased due to higher commissions on the business mix booked in 2018. 

Net underwriting income and the combined ratios in Q4 2018 and full year 2018 improved over the corresponding periods 
last year primarily due to more favourable claims experience.   

13  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance% variance20182017$ variance% varianceGross premiums written20,22220,0551670.8%74,61464,19010,42416.2%Net premiums written14,33812,1402,19818.1%46,23839,7466,49216.3%Net premiums earned6,4594,9531,50630.4%24,16421,4982,66612.4%Fee income- - n/an/a1015(5)(33.3%)Net underwriting revenue6,4594,9531,50630.4%24,17421,5132,66112.4%Net underwriting income (loss)372(441)813nm2,2651,54771846.4%Loss ratio: current accident year37.1%39.6%(2.5pts)29.9%29.6%0.3ptsLoss ratio: Prior years' development(10.3%)(3.5%)(6.8pts)(7.5%)(1.7%)(5.8pts)Loss ratio26.8%36.1%(9.3pts)22.4%27.9%(5.5pts)Expense ratio67.4%72.9%(5.5pts)68.2%64.9%3.3ptsCombined ratio94.2%109.0%(14.8pts)90.6%92.8%(2.2pts) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Corporate Insurance 

The main products offered by our Corporate Insurance business line are D&O insurance for public, private and non-profit 
enterprises,  E&O  liability  insurance  for  both  enterprises  and  professionals,  business  office  package  insurance  for  both 
enterprises and professionals and fidelity insurance for both commercial and financial institutions. 

In Q4 2018, Corporate Insurance accounted for 16% and 27% of our overall GPW and NPW respectively.  For 2018, Corporate 
Insurance accounted for 18% and 26% of overall GPW and NPW respectively. 

GPW grew strongly in Q4 2018 at 24.2% and at 19.4% in 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017.  This  was due to a 
combination of new business, better retention rates and an increase in multi-year premiums where the entire premiums are 
recognized at the time these multi-year policies are written but are earned over the policy terms.  This can cause differences 
in written and earned premium growth rates, as has occurred in 2018 when NPE has grown at lower rates than NPW. 

Corporate Insurance had similar underwriting results in Q4 2018 and Q4 2017, with net underwriting income of $0.2 million 
and $0.3 million and combined ratios of 97% and 96% respectively.  

Corporate Insurance had a breakeven underwriting year in 2018, with a small loss of $0.2 million and a combined ratio of 
100.6%, compared to an underwriting profit of $1.0 million and a combined ratio of 96.0% in 2017.  In 2018 our net claims 
experience  was  higher  than  2017,  in  part  due  to  adverse  PYD  on  some  older  claims  on  business  written  with  higher  net 
retentions than have applied in more recent years.  

14  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance% variance20182017$ variance% varianceGross premiums written10,6448,5732,07124.2%39,07332,7186,35519.4%Net premiums written8,4156,8251,59023.3%30,37825,4564,92219.3%Net premiums earned7,3786,46591314.1%27,72324,9882,73511.0%Net underwriting revenue7,3786,46591314.1%27,72324,9882,73511.0%Net underwriting income (loss)232278(46)(16.5%)(159)1,022(1,181)nmLoss ratio: current accident year37.0%38.0%(1.0pts)37.8%38.5%(0.7pts)Loss ratio: Prior years' development2.0%(6.3%)8.3pts1.9%(6.1%)8.0ptsLoss ratio39.0%31.7%7.3pts39.7%32.4%7.3ptsExpense ratio57.8%63.9%(6.1pts)60.9%63.6%(2.7pts)Combined ratio96.8%95.6%1.2pts100.6%96.0%4.6pts 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SPECIALTY P&C – UNITED STATES 

Our US  specialty insurance business is now operational  as a  non-admitted surplus line  insurer  in all  states, primarily as a 
hybrid fronting carrier with a fee-based business model.  

US Specialty P&C has grown strongly since starting to write business in 2018 with substantial quarter-on-quarter increases in 
GPW ($27.2 million in Q4, $17.7 million in Q3, $7.6 million in Q2 and $1.3 million in Q1).  Full year 2018 GPW was $53.7 million 
which accounted for 25% of consolidated GPW in 2018.  We retained 4.7% of our 2018 GPW, the remainder of which was 
ceded to reinsurance partners.  

Fee income in our US Specialty P&C business is comprised of fronting fees received from reinsurers.  In 2018 these fronting 
fees were 5.8% of written premium ceded to reinsurers.  These fees are recognized over the life of the insurance contracts 
they are associated with, similar to the premium earning profile.  Given the early stage of our US business, the majority of 
this fee income is unearned at year end 2018.  Fronting fees are not reflected in underwriting ratios for the US Specialty P&C 
business.   

The  net  loss  in  2018  arose,  as  expected,  from  earned  premium,  fee  income  and  investment  income  lagging  operating 
expenses during Trisura Specialty’s early development stage. 

REINSURANCE 

Our international reinsurance business ceased writing new business in 2008 but previously wrote quota share  reinsurance 
(prospective), loss portfolio transfers (retrospective) and niche, specialty contracts covering international risks across multiple 
commercial lines.  Currently our international reinsurance business is managing its remaining portfolio of in-force reinsurance 
contracts and is preparing to write new business through a newly established Barbados company in support of our on-shore 
subsidiaries.  

The  remaining  in-force  portfolio  of  reinsurance  contracts  is  dominated  by  one  large  life  annuity  reinsurance  contract 
denominated in euros.  We measure the performance of our reinsurance business by reference to net income in order to 
capture (i) the change in annuity reserves which is included in net underwriting income; and (ii) the offsetting change in the 
value of the supporting assets, which is included in net investment income as these supporting assets are designated FVTPL. 

15  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 20182018Gross premiums written27,19453,731Net premiums written1,1552,548Net premiums earned523874Fee income595912Net underwriting revenue1,1181,786Net underwriting loss(607)(3,039)Net investment income3091,402Net loss(298)(1,637)Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance20182017$ varianceNet underwriting (loss) income(1,644)361(2,005)(2,116)(659)(1,457)Net investment income471294422,3991,2051,194Net (loss) income(1,507)451(1,958)(170)545(715)Operating expenses534550(16)2,1292,636(507) 
 
 
 
  
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

The Q4 2018 net loss arose from reserve increases on the life annuity contract due to the fall in European interest rates which 
outweighed the increase in supporting asset values as yields on some sovereign bond holdings and cash did not move in line 
with the broader market.   The full year 2018 net loss of $0.2 million was impacted by the Q4 performance of life annuity 
contract but benefited from favourable reserve development on our P&C transactions and lower operating expenses.     

In  contrast,  Q4  2017  net  income  was  driven  mainly  by  favourable  annuity  reserve  development  and  reduced  operating 
expenses.  These factors were also the main contributors to net income in the full year 2017. 

CORPORATE  

Our corporate results represent operating expenses that do not relate specifically to any one business line of the Company 
as well as debt servicing costs and, in 2017, changes in the valuation of the Minority interests.  

2018 corporate expenses were in line with our normalized expectations.  A significant portion of 2017 expenses comprised 
one-off costs related to initial formation and development of the Company and our US subsidiary, Trisura Specialty. 

The $5.2 million increase in Minority interests in 2017 reflected the 40% minority interest in Trisura Guarantee which was 
owned by its management team at that time.  In late 2017 we acquired full ownership of Trisura Guarantee following the 
issuance of common shares at Trisura Group in exchange for  this Minority interest.  Consequently, we now own 100% of 
Trisura Guarantee and we no longer reflect minority interests in our financial statements. 

16  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance20182017$ varianceCorporate expenses3892,137(1,748)2,5454,625(2,080)Increase in minority interests- - - - 5,156(5,156)Debt servicing261197649701,009(39)Corporate6502,334(1,684)3,51510,790(7,275) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 5 – INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

OVERVIEW 

The Company’s investment policy seeks to achieve attractive total returns without incurring an undue level of investment risk 
while supporting our liabilities and maintaining strong regulatory and economic capital levels.  In 2018 we internalized our 
investment  management  and  advisory  function,  allowing  the  Group  to  take  a  centralized  investment  stance  across  all 
subsidiary portfolios.  We  now  have the ability to  invest  globally through our hedging facilities and have introduced new 
products selectively to our portfolios.    

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 

Our $378 million investment portfolio consists of cash and cash equivalents, government and corporate bonds, preferred 
shares, common shares and a small amount of fund investments.  Ninety-five percent of our fixed income holdings are highly 
liquid, investment grade bonds.  A significant portion of the consolidated investment portfolio remains invested in cash and 
cash equivalents, reflective of capital in our international entity, a significant portion of which is held as collateral supporting 
our reinsurance policies. 

               Fixed Income Securities by Rating 

           Investment Portfolio by Asset Class 

High Yield
5%

BBB
26%

AAA
10%

AA
23%

A
36%

Common 
Shares and 
Other
7%

Structured 
Insurance 
Asset
3%

Preferred 
Shares
7%

Cash & 
Equivalents
25%

Corporate 
Bonds and 
Other Fixed 
Income
41%

Government 
Bonds
17%

17  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE  

Net Investment Income 

The  Company’s  operations  currently  include  Specialty  P&C  insurance  (Surety,  Risk  Solutions,  and  Corporate  Insurance 
business  lines)  in  Canada,  Specialty  P&C  insurance  in  the  US  and  international  reinsurance  through  Trisura  International.  
These businesses focus on different market segments, geographic regions and risks and can be subject to different regulatory 
investment  requirements  and  accordingly,  hold  different  assets  and  currencies  to  support  their  liabilities.    Consequently, 
investment returns are most appropriately viewed at a business unit level. 

Canadian Specialty P&C net investment income is driven by interest and dividend income on portfolio assets.  Interest and 
dividend income in Q4 2018 was improved over Q4 2017, driven by a rotation to higher-yielding securities, combined with 
realized gains from continued portfolio rotation, primarily in the equity portfolio.  The market-based yield of the Canadian 
Specialty P&C portfolio as at December 31, 2018 was 4.0%. We introduced alternative investments to the Canadian Specialty 
P&C portfolio in Q4, including private debt products which are expected to enhance portfolio yield. 

We began deploying capital in our US P&C portfolio in February, following dramatic movements in US interest rates.  Currently 
the portfolio is limited to investment grade bonds, as we prioritize maintaining minimum capital levels and lower volatility in 
the start-up phase of the business.  The market-based yield of the US Specialty P&C portfolio as at December 31, 2018 was 
4.0%. Investment income is driven by interest income on this portfolio of investment grade bonds. 

Euro-denominated bonds supporting the annuity reserves are held at FVTPL.  Investment returns on these assets were higher 
in  Q4  2018  compared  with  Q4  2017  due  to  the decrease  in  European  interest  rates,  which  had  a  positive  impact  on  the 
valuation of these assets.  The market-based yield of the Reinsurance portfolio as at December 31, 2018 was 1.2%.  

Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”) 

The Company records unrealized gains and losses in the market value of its AFS assets through OCI.  The mark to market 
impact of these assets on OCI was negative in Q4.  This was driven by unrealized losses in the Canadian preferred share and 
common share holdings, a result of volatility in Q4.  Our full year results continue to reflect the weakness of the Canadian 
equity and global fixed income markets experienced through 2018. 

Foreign  exchange  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the  financial  statements  of  Trisura  International  and  Trisura 
Specialty to Canadian dollars are recognized as cumulative translation gains or losses, which are a constituent part of overall 
OCI.  The cumulative translation gains in Q4 2018 were due to the weakening of the Canadian currency against the US dollar, 
driving high Canadian dollar valuations of capital and securities held outside of Canada. 

18  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance20182017$ varianceSpecialty P&C - Canada2,0478331,2146,6293,9312,698Specialty P&C - US309- 3091,402- 1,402Reinsurance4731742992,4261,480946Net investment income2,8291,0071,82210,4575,4115,046Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance20182017$ varianceUnrealized (losses) gains in OCI(4,726)719(5,445)(7,849)949(8,798)Cumulative translation4,8784224,4567,533(5,444)12,977OCI1521,141(989)(316)(4,495)4,179 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Refer  to  Note  20  Investment  income  in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  more  detail  on  the  components  of 
investment returns. 

SECTION 6 – OUTLOOK & STRATEGY 

INDUSTRY 

The specialty insurance market offers products and services that are not written by most insurance companies.   The risks 
covered  by  specialty  insurance  policies  generally  require  specialist  underwriting  knowledge  and  technical  financial  and 
actuarial expertise.  Specialty lines are niche segments of the market that tend to involve more complex risks and a more 
concentrated set  of  competitors.  Consequently, these risks are difficult to place  in the  standard insurance market  where 
many carriers are unable or unwilling to underwrite them.  As a result, specialty insurers have more pricing and policy form 
flexibility  than  traditional  market  insurers  whose  prices  and  policy  forms  are  subject  to  authorization  and  approval  by 
insurance regulators.  Specialty lines are less commoditized areas of the market where relationships, product expertise and 
product structure are not easily replicated.  For this reason, specialty insurers have historically, and are expected to continue 
to outperform the standard markets by having lower claims ratios and combined ratios than traditional insurance companies. 

In contrast to the standard P&C insurance market, which is divided almost evenly between personal and commercial lines, 
specialty insurers are focused almost exclusively on commercial lines.  Even within the commercial sector, the business mix 
of the specialty insurers can vary significantly from that of the overall P&C industry.  Although no standard definition for the 
specialty insurance market exists, some common examples of business written by specialty insurers include: non-standard 
insurance, niche market segments (such as Surety, D&O and E&O) and products that require tailored underwriting.  Many 
insurance  groups  with  a  specialty  focus  have  several  different  carriers  and  licenses  and  allocate  business  between  these 
carriers  depending  on  market  conditions  and  regulatory  requirements.    The  agency  channel  is  the  primary  distribution 
channel for specialty insurance.  Managing general agents often serve an important role in helping carriers distribute specialty 
insurance products. 

In the US, the specialty P&C insurance industry is more fragmented than the standard marketplace. It is estimated that the 
top ten players capture just under 40% of market share, with the top 25 players averaging one to two percent market share 
positions.    An  estimated  $150  to  $200  billion  of  specialty insurance  direct  premiums  (including  excess  and  surplus)  were 
written in 2016.  Excess and surplus lines continue to demonstrate significant growth vs. the broader P&C industry, expanding 
by 43% in 2017.  From 2000 until 2017, the average combined ratio for excess and surplus markets was 96.6% versus 102% 
for the P&C industry. 

OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY 

Our Company has an experienced management team with strong industry relationships and excellent reputations with rating 
agencies, insurance regulators and business partners.  We have operated in the Canadian specialty P&C insurance market for 
more  than  12  years  and  in  the  international  specialty  reinsurance  market  for  over  16  years,  establishing  a  conservative 
underwriting and investing track record.   

In Canada, we have built our brand through Trisura Guarantee to serve our clients, brokers and institutional partners  as a 
leading provider of niche specialty insurance products. Trisura Guarantee will continue to build out its product offerings in 
existing  and  new  niche  segments  of  the  market  with  suitably  skilled  underwriters  and  professionals.    Trisura  Guarantee 
remains  committed  to  its  broker  distribution  channel  to  promote  and  sell  its  insurance  products.    Trisura  Guarantee  is 
selective in partnering with a limited brokerage force, focusing  its efforts on leading brokerage firms in the industry with 
expertise in specialty lines.  This distribution network currently comprises over 150 major international, national and regional 
brokerage firms operating across Canada in all provinces and territories as well as boutique niche brokers with a focus on 
specialty lines. 

19  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Our US specialty insurance business, Trisura Specialty, is fully operational and commenced binding transactions in 2018.  It is 
licensed as a domestic excess and surplus lines insurer in Oklahoma.  Trisura Specialty can operate as a non-admitted surplus 
lines insurer in all states and is rated A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best with stable outlook.  It is our belief that the conditions are 
favourable  for  the  continued  growth  of  Trisura  Specialty,  which  operates  as  a  hybrid  fronting  carrier  using  a  fee-based 
business model.  Its focus is to source high quality business opportunities by partnering with a core base of established and 
well-managed program administrators.  From our business activity to date these program administrators welcome our new 
capacity as there is currently a lack of fronting carriers and the products and arrangements currently offered to them by the 
existing market do not always meet the needs of their business and clients. 

Furthermore, we continue to believe there is a strong supply of highly rated international reinsurance capacity keen to gain 
exposure to this business, allowing Trisura Specialty to cede the majority of the risk on its policies to  these reinsurers on 
commercially  favourable  terms.    This  belief  has  been  supported  by  our  experience  in  the  market  through  2018.   We  are 
confident  that  this  platform  will  generate  attractive,  stable  fee  income  while  maintaining  a  small  risk  position,  limiting 
underwriting risk and aligning our interests with our program distribution partners and reinsurers.  As Trisura Specialty grows, 
we expect that our US operations will become a more significant component of our Company. 

We will continue to develop our distribution network, building on our existing partner network in Canada and our core base 
of program administrators in the  US.  Our Company will strive to increase the penetration of our products in our partner 
network by providing the support they require to enhance the effectiveness of their sales and marketing efforts. 

We also intend to consider acquisitions on an opportunistic basis and pursue those that fit with our strategic plan.  Building 
on the knowledge and expertise of our existing operations, we intend to initially target businesses in the US that operate in 
similar niches of the specialty insurance market.  Additionally, our reinsurance business is preparing to write new business in 
support of our on-shore subsidiaries and will continue to evaluate writing third party new business in the context of market 
conditions. 

20  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 7 – OTHER INFORMATION 

RATINGS 

Trisura Guarantee has been rated A- (Excellent) by A.M. Best since 2012.  This rating was reaffirmed with stable outlook by 
A.M. Best in October 2018.  Trisura Specialty obtained an A- (Excellent) rating with stable outlook from A.M. Best in September 
2017, which was reaffirmed in October 2018.  A.M Best increased the financial size category of Trisura Specialty from VI to 
VII (US $45 million to US $50 million capital) in May 2018. 

CASH FLOW SUMMARY 

The main cash flow activities in Q4 2018 were investing activities and reflected the purchase and disposal of investments, 
primarily related to activity in our bond portfolios, and to a lesser extent our common share and preferred share portfolios. 
A significant component of the bond purchases in 2018 included US Specialty P&C deploying cash and cash equivalents from 
its initial capital  injection, as  well a reallocation of investments within the bond portfolio of  Trisura  Guarantee.   In  2017, 
purchases  of  investments  were  primarily  related  to  the  purchase  of  Trisura  International  and  Trisura  Guarantee  from 
Brookfield.  In Q4 2017 investing activities were primarily related to purchases and sales of investments at Trisura Guarantee 
and Trisura International. 

21  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4 2018Q4 2017$ variance20182017$ varianceNet income (loss) from operating activities1,631           (77)               1,708            8,638         (342)                  8,980           Non-cash items to be deducted509              1,288           (779)              3,598         2,497                1,101           Change in working capital operating items6,081           3,000           3,081            13,091       23,722              (10,631)        Realized gains (losses) on AFS investments96                 (228)             324               (686)           (932)                  246               Income taxes paid(987)             (967)             (20)                (3,354)        (7,090)               3,736           Interest paid(270)             (232)             (38)                (995)           (1,042)               47                 Net cash from operating activities7,060           2,784           4,276            20,292       16,813              3,479           Proceeds on disposal of investments18,004         18,664        (660)              99,729       39,050              60,679         Purchases of investments(35,632)       (7,539)         (28,093)        (196,363)   (139,403)          (56,960)        Net purchases of capital and intangible assets(82)               (925)             843               (666)           (1,070)               404               Net cash used in investing activities(17,710)       10,200        (27,910)        (97,300)      (101,423)          4,123           Change in minority interests-                    -                    -                     -                  5,156                (5,156)          Dividends paid(24)               (8)                 (16)                (96)              (8)                       (88)                Common shares issued-                    -                    -                     -                  140,270           (140,270)     Common shares redeemed-                    (4,031)         4,031            -                  (4,031)               4,031           Issuance of new loan payable -                    -                    -                     29,700       -                         29,700         Repayment of note payable(30)               -                    (30)                (30)              (355)                  325               Repayment of loan payable-                    (200)             200               (29,700)      (4,400)               (25,300)        Net cash (used in) from financing activities(54)               (4,239)         4,185            (126)           136,632           (136,758)     Net (decrease) increase in cash(10,704)       8,745           (19,449)        (77,134)      52,022              (129,156)     Cash at beginning of the period102,688      156,321      (53,633)        165,675     122,096           43,579         Currency translation3,228           609              2,619            6,671         (8,443)               15,114         Cash at the end of the period95,212         165,675      (70,463)        95,212       165,675           (70,463)         
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

In Q4 2018 and Q4 2017 cash from operating activities was primarily related to positive changes in working capital operating 
items, particularly at Trisura Guarantee. Cash from operating activities in 2018 and 2017 both increased primarily as a result 
of increases in working capital operating items in Trisura Guarantee. 

During 2018, the Company replaced the outstanding Loan payable of $29.7 million held at an intermediary holding company, 
with a new credit facility with an outstanding balance of $29.7 million (see Note 17 in the Consolidated Financial Statements).  
The net impact of this transaction was $nil.  In 2017 the Company reflected the impact of the change in value of the Minority 
interests in its financial statements, however in Q4 2017 the Minority interests were purchased by the Company and therefore 
this  movement  in  financing  activity  is  no  longer  reflected  in  the  statements  of  cash  flows  in  2018  (see  Note  18  in  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements).  In 2017 cash from financing activities was primarily from the Company issuing common 
shares to Brookfield for cash.  In Q4 2017 the Company entered into a transaction which reduced cash and share capital by 
$4.0 million (see Note 18 in the Consolidated Financial Statements). 

SEGMENTED REPORTING 

22  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

As atTrisura GuaranteeTrisura International(1)Trisura SpecialtyCorporate(2)Total(3)Assets349,356103,113150,966(2,453)600,982Liabilities274,77081,70384,42130,136471,030Shareholder's Equity74,58621,41066,545(32,589)129,952Book Value Per Share, $(4)11.263.2310.05(4.91)19.63(3) Total reflects the Group's Assets, Liabilities, and Book Value Per Share after consolidation adjustments.December 31, 2018(1) Subsidiary includes the assets and liabilities of its holding company and adjustments for intercompany loans.(4) Number of common shares used in the calculation of book value per share equals to the Group's total number of common shares       outstanding as at December 31, 2018.(2) Corporate includes consolidation adjustments and intercompany loans.As atTrisura Guarantee(1)Trisura International(1)(2)Trisura SpecialtyCorporate(3)Total(4)Assets317,124114,60856,888(260)488,360Liabilities243,97992,65842629,795366,858Shareholder's Equity73,14521,95056,462(30,055)121,502Book Value Per Share, $(5)11.053.318.53(4.54)18.35(4) Total reflects the Group's Assets, Liabilities, and Book Value Per Share after consolidation adjustments.December 31, 2017(1) Operating companies include the assets and liabilities of their holding companiess, except for the loans payable of $29,700       held in 6436978 Canada Limited which is included in Corporate.(2) Subdiary results include adjustments for intercompany loans.(3) Corporate includes consolidation adjustments and intercompany loans.(5) Number of common shares used in the calculation of book value per share equals to the Group's total number of common shares       outstanding as at December 31, 2017. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

See Note 4 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS  

See Note 23 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.  

OPERATING METRICS 

We use operating metrics to assess our operating performance.  The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the 
expense ratio.  The difference between 100% and the combined ratio represents underwriting income as a percentage of net 
premiums  earned,  or  underwriting  margin.  A  combined  ratio  under  100%  indicates  a  profitable  underwriting  result.  A 
combined ratio over 100% indicates an unprofitable underwriting result.  The loss ratio is claims and loss adjustment expenses 
incurred as a percentage of net premiums earned.  The expense ratio is all expenses incurred (net of fee income in Trisura 
Guarantee)  as  a  percentage  of  net  premiums  earned.    In  our  MD&A,  for  Q1  through Q3  2017,  the  expense  ratio  was  all 
expenses incurred net of commissions on fee income as a percentage of net premiums earned.  

We use ROE as a measure of operating performance.  ROE is calculated based on net income, divided by the average amount 
of shareholders’ equity of the Company for a given time period.  

We  report  the  results  of  our  MCT  as  prescribed  by  OSFI’s  Guideline A —  Minimum  Capital  Test  for  Federally  Regulated 
Property and Casualty Insurance Companies, as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time.  MCT determines the 
supervisory regulatory capital levels required by Trisura Guarantee. 

These operating metrics are operating performance measures that highlight trends in our core business or are required ratios 
used to measure compliance with OSFI and other regulatory standards.  Our Company also believes that securities analysts, 
investors and other interested parties use these operating metrics to compare our Company’s performance against others in 
the  specialty  insurance  industry.    Our  Company’s  management  also  uses  these  operating  metrics  in  order  to  facilitate 
operating  performance  comparisons  from  period  to  period,  to  prepare  annual  operating  budgets  and  to  determine 
components of management compensation.  Such operating metrics should not be considered as the sole indicators of our 
performance  and  should  not  be  considered  in  isolation  from,  or  as  a  substitute  for,  analysis  of  our  financial  statements 
prepared in accordance with IFRS. 

23  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

As at December 31, 2018TotalLess than 1 year1 - 3 years3 - 5 yearsThereafterLoans payable29,700            -                                   -                          29,700           -                        Interest payments on debt(1)4,638              1,105                          2,210                 1,323             -                        Lease commitments5,118              1,320                          2,026                 951                 821                   Total contractual obligations39,456            2,425                          4,236                 31,974           821                   (1) Based on the Company's most recent borrowing rate on the outstanding loan payable.Payments due by period 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 8 – RISK MANAGEMENT 

Our  Company  has  developed  and  embraces  a  comprehensive  and  effective  enterprise  risk  management  framework  and 
internal controls processes to identify, measure, monitor and mitigate risk.  This framework is central to our decision making 
in regard to the business we choose to write and the business we choose to decline.  Furthermore, for the business we write 
the risk  management  framework informs our determination of whether to retain the risk  fully  or to  apply risk  mitigation 
features including reinsurance.   

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of risk management and internal control systems and policies.  In 2018 the 
Board enhanced corporate governance and risk management through introduction of board level risk committees at group 
and subsidiary levels.  These committees meet quarterly to oversee the development and effectiveness of risk management 
frameworks and priorities and to review risk reporting.   The Group Risk Management function, under the direction of the 
Group Chief Risk Officer, assists the group risk committee in fulfilling its responsibilities and in liaising with risk committees 
and risk management functions at subsidiary levels coordinating its review and oversight of the Company’s risk management 
framework.  All Risk Officers at group and subsidiary levels report directly to their relevant risk committees. 

24  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

KEY RISKS 

The following represent key risks, which the Company has identified, which broadly fall into the categories of Insurance risk 
and Financial risk (see Note 12 in the Consolidated Financial Statements): 

Insurance Risks: 

Insurance risk is the risk that the ultimate cost of claims and loss adjustment expense, as well as acquisition expenses, related 
to  insurance  contracts  will  exceed  premiums  received  in  respect  of  those  contracts.  This  could  occur  because  either  the 
frequency  or  severity  of  claims  is  greater  than  expected.    For  Life  and  Annuity  policies,  insurance  risk  may  also  include 
differences between expected and actual experience for policyholder behaviour, lapse, timing of claims longevity, mortality 
and morbidity.  The following list sets out some of the key insurance risks, which the Company has identified: 

1 - Product and Pricing 

The pricing process relies on many estimates of future loss costs and loss adjustment expenses.  If we do not accurately assess 
and price for the risks assumed in our insurance policies, profitability could be negatively affected.  On the other hand, setting 
premiums too high could impact competitiveness and growth.  We price our products considering numerous factors, including 
claims frequency and severity trends, product line expense ratios, special risk factors, the capital required to support the 
product line, reinsurance costs, the investment income earned on that capital, and the competitive landscape of the insurance 
markets that we compete in.  Our Company’s pricing process is designed to ensure an appropriate return on capital and 
long-term rate stability, avoiding wide fluctuations in such rate unless necessary. These factors are reviewed and adjusted 
periodically to ensure they reflect the current environment. 

2 - Exposure to Losses Resulting from Underwriting and Claims 

Our Company is exposed to losses resulting from the underwriting of risks being insured and the exposure to financial loss 
resulting from greater than anticipated adjudication, settlement and claims costs.  Our success depends upon our ability to 
accurately assess the risks associated with the insurance policies that we write and our ability to manage claims arising from 
these policies.  Our underwriting objectives are to develop business within our target markets on a prudent and diversified 
basis and to achieve profitable underwriting results.  

Unexpected large losses may result from events such as the unforeseen failure of a large contractor, exposure to mass torts, 
future  changes  in  the  legal  environment  that  could  broaden  our  insurance  coverage  beyond  the  policy’s  original  intent, 
terrorism and natural or man-made catastrophes.  When a large loss is identified, we may be required to strengthen reserves 
which could decrease earnings in that period.  

3 - Estimates of Loss Reserves and Claims Management 

The amounts established and to be established by our Company for loss and loss adjustment expense reserves are estimates 
of future costs based on various assumptions, including actuarial projections of the cost of settlement and the administration 
of claims, estimates of future trends in claims severity and frequency, inflation, and the level of insurance fraud.  For Life and 
Annuity policies, the reserve process typically includes estimates of lapse, future policyholder behaviour, longevity, mortality, 
and morbidity.  Most or all of these factors are not directly quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis, and the effects 
of these and unforeseen factors could negatively impact our Company’s ability to accurately assess the risks of the policies 
that  we  write.  In  addition,  future  adjustments  to  loss  reserves  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  that  are  unanticipated  by 
management could have an adverse impact upon the financial condition and results of operations of our Company.  

25  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Although  our  Company’s  management  believes  our  overall  reserve  levels  as  at  the  date  of  the  financial  statements  are 
adequate to meet our obligations under existing policies, actual losses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from the reserves 
reflected in our Company’s financial statements. To the extent reserves prove to be inadequate, our Company would have to 
increase such reserves and incur a charge to earnings. 

Financial Risks: 

The significant financial risks are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (comprising currency risk, interest rate risk and other 
price risks such as equity risk). The following describes how the Company manages these risks.  

1 - Credit Risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the Company to incur 
a financial loss. Credit risk arises mainly from investments in bonds and short-term securities. Our investment policies mitigate 
credit  risk  through  requirements  relating  to,  inter  alia,  type,  credit  quality,  size  and  duration  of  permitted  investments.  
Management monitors credit quality on an ongoing basis and reviews the investment portfolio regularly with the Board. 

2 – Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities 
that  are  settled  by  delivering  cash  or  another  financial  asset.    Liquidity  risk  may  arise  from  a  number  of  potential  areas 
including, for example, duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. 

To manage its liquidity requirements, the Company maintains a minimum balance of cash and cash equivalents and a highly 
rated, highly liquid investment portfolio.  The Company’s investment policy sets out minimum criteria for the credit quality 
of each class of investment held.  In addition, the investment policy stipulates average duration of bonds.  For common shares, 
preferred shares and income and investment trusts limitations are placed on exposure to any one issuer.   

The  Company  also  manages  the  liquidity  risk  associated  with  its  assumed  reinsurance  liabilities  through  its  asset  liability 
matching processes. The long-tailed nature of much of the Company’s reinsurance business also reduces the likelihood of 
sudden or unexpected spikes in claim payment requirements.   

3 - Market Risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes  in 
market prices. Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity risk. 

i) 

Currency Risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign exchange rates.  

The  Company  has  operations  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  as  well  as  European  exposure  through  its  reinsurance 
operations and therefore has exposure to currency risk arising from fluctuations in exchange rates of the Canadian and Euro 
against the United States dollar.  The foreign currency positions of the Company are monitored quarterly, and the Company 
uses derivatives to manage foreign exchange risks where a material unmatched foreign exchange position exists.   

26  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

ii) 

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk is the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates.  Bonds, structured insurance assets 
and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of bonds, to the extent they are held to maturity, 
the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the original yield to maturity.  The fair value of bonds, change 
inversely with changes in market rates of interest, with greater impact to bonds with longer durations.  The Company’s unpaid 
claims balance is also subject to interest rate risk, in particular the Company’s life reserves which have longer durations. 

The Company manages its interest rate risk through its investment policy which considers average  duration of bonds held 
and maximum maturity limit as well as asset liability matching.  

iii) 

Equity Price Risk 

Equity price risk is the uncertainty associated with the valuation of assets arising from changes in equity markets. 

The Company’s exposure to equity price risk is managed and mitigated through its investment policy which sets out maximum 
exposures to equities at aggregate and per issuer levels as well as requiring diversification across different industry sectors. 

Descriptions of additional risk factors can be found in the Risk Factor’s section of the company’s Annual Information Form. 

27  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

SECTION 9 – SUMMARY OF RESULTS 

SELECTED QUARTERLY RESULTS 

SECTION 10 – ACCOUNTING AND DISCLOSURE MATTERS 

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

We maintain appropriate information systems,procedures and controls to ensure that new information disclosed externally 
is  complete,  reliable  and  timely.  Management  of  the  Company,  at  the  direction  and  under  the  supervision  of  the  Chief 
Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure 
controls and procedures” (as defined in “National Instrument 52-109 - Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim 
Filings”  (“NI  52-109”))  as  at  December  31,  2018,  and  have  concluded  that  the  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are 
operating effectively. 

INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

We maintain appropriate “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in NI 52-109) and the Chief Executive Officer 
and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company have concluded that the internal controls have been designed to provide 
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes  in  accordance  with  IFRS.  Management  has  evaluated  whether  there  were  changes  in  our  internal  control  over 
financial  reporting  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to 
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting and has determined that there have been no such changes. 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION 

This MD&A contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian provincial securities laws and “forward-
looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities regulations. Forward-looking statements include 
statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding 
the operations, business, financial condition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, 
targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of Trisura Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for 
North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, and include words such as 
“expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “forecasts” or negative 
versions thereof and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and 
“could”. 

28  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Gross premiums written68,27457,28258,66134,82438,68936,12343,33628,615Net premiums written and other revenue31,78930,44230,78127,18726,56626,95827,09622,395Total underwriting revenue23,65825,65121,69422,53019,99322,20620,07620,558Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders(1)1,6314,1609841,863(77)2,010285n/aEPS, basic (in dollars)(1)0.240.620.140.28(0.01)0.350.05n/aEPS, diluted (in dollars)(1)0.240.620.140.27(0.01)0.350.05n/a(1) Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders represents the amount allocated to the shareholders post-spin-off for the period on and after June 22, 2017. EPS is calculated based on the post-spin-off Net income (loss) attributable to the Group's shareholders.20182017 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-
looking statements and information are based upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place 
undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties 
and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements 
of Trisura Group Ltd. to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied 
by such forward-looking statements and information.  

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements 
include, but are not limited to: the impact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the 
countries in which we do business; the behaviour of financial markets, including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange 
rates; global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing within these markets; 
strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations 
and the ability to attain expected benefits; changes in accounting policies and methods used to report financial condition 
(including uncertainties associated with critical accounting assumptions and estimates); the ability to appropriately manage 
human capital; the effect of applying future accounting changes; business competition; operational and reputational risks; 
technological  change;  changes  in  government  regulation  and  legislation  within  the  countries  in  which  we  operate; 
governmental investigations; litigation; changes in tax laws; ability to collect amounts owed; catastrophic events, such as 
earthquakes and hurricanes; the possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts 
and cyberterrorism; and other risks and factors detailed from time to time in our documents filed with securities regulators 
in Canada. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our 
forward-looking statements, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and 
potential events. Except  as required by law,  Trisura Group Ltd.  undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any 
forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of new information, future events 
or otherwise. 

29  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended 2018 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted) 

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 

Abbreviation 

Description 

AFS 

CTA 

D&O 

E&O 

EPS 

FVTPL 

GPW 

MCT 

Available for Sale Financial Asset 

Cumulative Translation Adjustment 

Directors’ and Officers’ insurance 

Errors and Omissions Insurance 

Earnings Per Share 

Fair Value Through Profit & Loss 

Gross Premium Written 

Minimum Capital Test 

Minority interests 

The liability to participating shareholders 

n/a 

NII 

nm 

NPE 

NPW 

NUI 

OCI 

pts 

PYD 

not available 

Net Investment Income 

not meaningful 

Net Premium Earned 

Net Premium Written 

Net Underwriting Income 

Other Comprehensive Income 

Percentage points 

Prior Years’ Net Reserve Development 

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 

The three months ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 respectively 

Q2 YTD 

Q3 YTD 

Q4 YTD 

ROE 

YTD 

The six months ended June 30 

The nine months ended September 30 

The twelve months ended December 31 

Return on Shareholders’ Equity 

Year to Date 

30  

TRISURA GROUP LTD. 

 
 
 
 
 
Trisura Group Ltd. 
Consolidated Financial Statements 
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
Bay Adelaide East 
8 Adelaide Street West 
Suite 200 
Toronto ON M5H 0A9 
Canada 

Tel: 416-601-6150 
Fax: 416-601-6151 
www.deloitte.ca 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders of  
Trisura Group Ltd.  

Opinion 
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Trisura Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the 
“Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2018 
and 2017, and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows 
for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and its financial performance and 
its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards (“Canadian 
GAAS”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities 
for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in 
Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Other Information 
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:  

●  The information, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in the Annual 

Report 

●  Management’s Discussion and Analysis 

●  Financial Supplement 

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial 
statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, 
consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, based 
on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We 
have nothing to report in this regard. 

The Financial Supplement is expected to be made available to us after the date of the auditor’s report. 
If, based on the work we will perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact to those charged with 
governance. 

 
 
 
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the 
Financial Statements 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in 
accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable 
the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to 
fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using 
the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or 
to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting 
process. 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report 
that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian GAAS will always detect a material misstatement 
when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually 
or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users 
taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and 
maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

• 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override 
of internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit 

procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.  

• 

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting 

and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in 
our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to 
cease to continue as a going concern. 

• 

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the 
disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and 
events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are 
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion. 

Page 2 

 
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned 
scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in 
internal control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and 
other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, 
related safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Ratan Ralliaram. 

Chartered Professional Accountants 
Licensed Public Accountants 
February 14, 2019 

Page 3 

 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD. 
Consolidated Financial Statements 

Table of contents for the Consolidated Financial Statements of Trisura Group Ltd. as at and for the years ended 
December 31, 2018 and 2017 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position .......................................................................................................................2 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) ...................................................................................................3 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity .......................................................................................................................4 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows .................................................................................................................................5 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements ....................................................................................................................6 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

As at December 31, 

Assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Recoverable from reinsurers 

Capital assets and intangible assets 
Deferred tax assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Unearned premiums 

Unearned reinsurance commissions 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

Loan payable 

Shareholders’ equity 
Common shares 
Preferred shares 

Contributed surplus 

Accumulated deficit 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 

Note 

4 
10 

7 
13 

14,15 

28 

11 

8 

7 

9 

17 

18 

18 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

On behalf of the Board: 

2018 

95,212 

282,874 

46,276 

63,715 

109,567 

2,512 
826 

600,982 

24,167 

41,406 

182,623 

19,137 

173,997 

29,700 

471,030 

163,582 

1,600 

313 
(33,307) 
(2,236) 

129,952 

600,982 

2017 

165,675 

190,641 

23,172 

40,266 
65,254 

2,612 
740 

488,360 

19,795 

17,555 

115,357 

5,566 

178,885 

29,700 

366,858 

163,582 

1,600 

89 

                                     (41,849) 
                                       (1,920) 
121,502 

488,360 

George Myhal 

Director 

David Clare 

Director 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

Note 

2018 

2017 

Gross premiums written 

Reinsurance premiums ceded 
Retrospective premiums refund 

Net premiums written 

Change in unearned premiums 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 
Claims and expenses 

Claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Reinsurers’ share of claims and loss adjustment expenses 
Commissions 
Reinsurance commissions 
Premium taxes 
Operating expenses 
Total claims and expenses 
Net underwriting income 
Net investment income 
Foreign exchange loss 
Interest expense 
Change in minority interests 

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense 

Net income (loss) 

Net income attributable to common shareholders 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the 

year (in thousands) – basic 

Earnings per common share (in dollars) – basic 
Earnings per common share (in dollars) – diluted 

Net income (loss)  

Net unrealized (losses) gains on available-for-sale investments 
Income tax benefit (expense) 

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to net income (loss) 

Net realized losses 
Impairment adjustment 
Income tax benefit (expense) 

Items reclassified to net income (loss) 

Items other than cumulative translation gain (loss) 
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to net income (loss) – 

Cumulative translation gain (loss) 

Other comprehensive loss 

Total comprehensive income (loss) 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

20 

17 

28 

1, 2.2 

19 
19 

219,041 
(103,405) 
(161) 
115,475 
(26,666) 
88,809 
4,724 
93,533 

(58,617) 
39,215 
(45,314) 
15,411 
(4,758) 
(35,184) 
(89,247) 
4,286 
10,457 
(712) 
(970) 

- 

13,061 
(4,423) 

8,638 

8,638 

6,622 
1.29 
1.27 

8,638 

(8,699) 
2,258 
(6,441) 

(2,042) 
325 
309 
(1,408) 

(7,849) 

7,533 
(316) 

8,322 

146,763 
(46,980) 
(168) 
99,615 
(20,182) 
79,433 
3,400 
82,833 

(42,215) 
24,562 
(34,969) 
10,087 
(4,463) 
(32,279) 
(79,277) 
3,556 
5,411 
(35) 
(1,009) 
(5,156) 

2,767 
(3,109) 

(342) 

2,218 

5,959 
0.37 
0.37 

(342) 

1,135 
(297) 
838 

(185) 
321 
(25) 
111 

949 

(5,444) 
(4,495) 

(4,837) 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

Note 

Common 
shares 

Preferred 
shares 

Contributed 
surplus 

Accumulated 
deficit 

Balance at January 1, 2018 

163,582 

Net income 

Other comprehensive loss 

Comprehensive income (loss) 

Share-based payments 

Dividends paid 

29 

18 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,600 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Balance at December 31, 2018 

163,582 

1,600 

89 

- 

- 

- 
224 

- 

313 

Note 

Common 
shares 

Preferred 
shares 

Contributed 
surplus 

Balance at January 1, 2017 

9,618 

Net loss 

Other comprehensive loss 

Comprehensive loss 

Share issuance 

Share redemptions 

Share-based payments 

Dividends paid 

Adjustment on reorganization 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

- 

- 

- 

1, 18 

167,613 

18 

29 

18 

18 

(4,031) 

- 

- 

(9,618) 

163,582 

- 
1,600 

- 

- 

- 

- 
1,600 

- 

- 

- 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
loss (net of 
income taxes) 

Total 

(1,920)  121,502 

- 
(316) 

(316) 

- 

- 

8,638 

(316) 

8,322 

224 

(96) 

(41,849) 

8,638 

- 

8,638 

- 
(96) 

(33,307) 

(2,236)  129,952 

Accumulated 
other 
comprehensive 
income (loss) 
(net of income 
taxes) 

Retained 
earnings 
(accumulated 
deficit) 

Total 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
89 

- 

- 
89 

58,695 

(342) 

- 
(342) 

(9,303) 

- 

- 
(8) 

(90,891) 

 (41,849) 

2,575 

70,888 

- 

(4,495) 

(4,495) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(342) 

(4,495) 

(4,837) 

159,910 

(4,031) 

89 

(8) 

(100,509) 

(1,920) 

121,502 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted)

For the years ended December 31, 

2018 

2017 

Operating activities 
Net income (loss) 
Items not involving cash: 
     Depreciation and amortization 
     Unrealized gains 
     Impairment loss on available-for-sale investments 
     Stock options granted 
Change in working capital and other 
Realized loss on available-for-sale investments 
Income taxes paid 
Interest paid 
Net cash flows from operating activities 

Investing activities 
Proceeds on disposal of investments 
Purchases of investments 
Purchases of capital assets 
Disposal of capital assets 
Purchases of intangible assets 
Net cash flows used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Change in minority interests 
Dividends paid 
Common shares issued 
Shares redeemed 
Repayment of notes payable 
Loans received 
Repayment of loans payable 
Net cash flows (used in) from financing activities 

8,638 

                     (342) 

1,544 
1,505 
325 
224 
13,091 
(686) 
(3,354) 
(995) 
20,292 

                     839 
                  1,194 
                     321 
                     143 
               23,722 
                    (932) 
                 (7,090) 
                 (1,042) 
               16,813 

99,729 
(196,363) 
(531) 
- 
(135) 
(97,300) 

                39,050 
(139,403) 
(115) 
                        23 
(978) 
(101,423) 

- 
(96) 
- 
- 
(30) 
29,700 
(29,700) 
(126) 

                 5,156 
                         (8) 
             140,270 
                 (4,031) 
                    (355) 
- 
                 (4,400) 
             136,632 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents during the year 

(77,134) 

               52,022 

Cash, beginning of year 
Cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 

Impact of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents 

     Cash, end of year 
     Cash equivalents, end of year 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 

See accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

83,137 
82,538 
165,675 

             113,409 
                 8,687 
            122,096 

6,671 

                (8,443) 

93,152 
2,060 
95,212 

              83,137 
              82,538 
            165,675 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 1 – The Company 

Trisura Group Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) (the “Act”) on January 
27, 2017. The Company’s head office is located at 333 Bay Street, Suite 1610, Box 22, Toronto Ontario, M5H 2R2. 

The Company owns three principal subsidiaries, in some instances through wholly-owned intermediary holding companies, 
through which it conducts insurance operations.  These subsidiaries are Trisura Guarantee Insurance Company (“Trisura 
Guarantee”),  Trisura  International  Insurance  Ltd.  (“Trisura  International”),  which  is  wholly-owned  through  the 
intermediary  holding  company  Trisura  International  Holdings  Ltd.  (“TIHL”)  and  Trisura  Specialty  Insurance  Company 
(“Trisura Specialty”).  Trisura Guarantee was previously held through an intermediary holding company, 6436978 Canada 
Limited (“643 Can Ltd”), which was wound up in June 2018 (see Note 26).   

Trisura Guarantee operates as a Canadian property and casualty insurance company.  Trisura International is currently 
managing its in-force portfolio of specialty reinsurance contracts.  Trisura Specialty was incorporated on May 31, 2017 and 
was licensed by the Oklahoma Insurance Department as a domestic surplus lines insurer and can write business as a non-
admitted surplus line insurer in all states within the United States. 

1.1 

Reorganization Transaction 

On  June  15,  2017,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.  (“Brookfield”)  subscribed  for  5,813,312  common  shares  of  the 
Company  in  exchange  for  approximately  $140,270.    On  June 15,  2017,  the  Company used  the  $140,270  to  acquire: (i) 
Brookfield’s 100% interest in TIHL for approximately $50,132; (ii) Brookfield’s 60% interest in 643 Can Ltd for approximately 
$50,329; and (iii) Brookfield’s interest in a note payable from 643 Can Ltd to Brookfield for approximately $185, leaving 
the Company with approximately $39,624 in additional cash (collectively, the “Reorganization Transaction”).  See Note 18 
for the impact of the Reorganization Transaction on share capital.     

1.2 

Spin-off 

On June 22, 2017, Brookfield completed the spin-off of the  Company (the “Spin-off”), which was effected by  way of a 
special dividend of all of the common shares of the Company to holders of Brookfield’s Class A and B limited voting shares 
as of June 1, 2017.  Each holder of Brookfield’s Class A and B limited voting shares received one common share of the 
Company for every 170 Class A or Class B shares of Brookfield.  The common shares of the Company are publicly traded 
on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “TSU”.  

Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”).  These  consolidated  financial 
statements were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors on February 14, 2019. 

2.1 

Basis of presentation 

For the period from January 1 to June 14, 2017, the combined financial statements are comprised of the financial results 
of  the  Company,  643 Can  Ltd and  its  subsidiary, TIHL  and  its  subsidiary,  and  Trisura  Specialty,  on  a  combined basis  of 
presentation.  All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses were eliminated in full on combination.  

For  the  period  beginning  June  15,  2017,  the  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  results  of  the 
Company and all entities controlled by the Company, on a consolidated basis of presentation.  All intra-group transactions, 
balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation. 

In accordance with IFRS, presentation of assets and liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial position is in 
order of liquidity. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.2 

Continuity of interests 

To  reflect  the  continuity  of  interests,  these  consolidated  financial  statements  provide  comparative  information  of  the 
Company for the periods prior to the Spin-off.  Accordingly, the financial information for the period from January 1, 2017 
to  June  22,  2017  is  presented  based  on  the  historical  financial  information  for  the  Company.    For  the  period  after 
completion  of  the  Spin-off,  the  results  are  based  on  the  actual  results  of  the  Company,  including  the  adjustments 
associated  with  the  Spin-off.    Therefore,  net  income  (loss)  and  comprehensive  income  (loss)  have  been  allocated  to 
Brookfield for the period prior to June 22, 2017 and allocated to the post-Spin-off shareholders for the period on and after 
June 22, 2017.  For 2017, the earnings per share (“EPS”) calculations have been presented for the period from June 22 to 
December 31, 2017.   

2.3 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with original maturities of 90 days or less.  The Company has 
classified cash and cash equivalents along with loans and receivables, at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.   

2.4 

a)  

Financial Instruments 

Categories of financial instruments 

i) Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (“FVTPL”) 

FVTPL  financial  instruments  are  carried  at  fair  value  and  recognized  on  the  trade  date,  with  the  changes  in  fair  value 
recognized in net income (loss).  Certain investments are designated as FVTPL to reduce the volatility within net income 
(loss) associated with the movement of the underlying claims which are supported by these investments.  If an investment 
incorporates an embedded derivative that is otherwise required to be accounted for separately, the Company designates 
that  investment  as  FVTPL  and  does  not  separately  account  for  the  embedded  derivative.  Structured  insurance  assets 
consisting of purchased commission arrangements are designated on inception as FVTPL.  Transaction costs related to 
FVTPL financial instruments are expensed in investment income. 

ii) Available-for-sale (“AFS”) 

AFS financial instruments are carried at fair value and recognized on the trade date, with changes in fair value recorded as 
unrealized gains (or losses) in other comprehensive income (loss).  Fixed income securities and equities are classified as 
AFS, unless they have been classified or designated otherwise. Transaction costs related to financial instruments classified 
as AFS are capitalized on initial recognition and, where applicable, amortized to interest income using the effective interest 
method.   

iii) Loans and receivables 

Financial instruments are categorized as Loans and receivables when they have fixed or determinable payments and are 
not quoted in an active market.  Loans and receivables are carried at amortized cost.  Transaction costs are capitalized on 
initial recognition and are recognized in investment income using the effective interest rate method.  The Company has 
classified Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets as Loans and receivables, with the exception of derivative 
assets  which  are  grouped  with  Premiums  and accounts  receivable,  and  other  assets  but  are  carried  at  fair  value.   The 
Company has also classified certain investments as Loans and receivables, which meet the criteria to do so. 

Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been 
transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.  Any gain or loss arising 
on derecognition is recognized directly in profit or loss and presented in realized gains (losses) on investments. 

iv) Other financial liabilities 

Other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost.  Loan payable, Reinsurance premiums payable, are both classified 
as Other financial liabilities.  Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, is also classified as Other financial liabilities, 
with the exception of derivative liabilities, cash-settled share based payments and deferred share units, which are grouped 
with Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities but are carried at fair value. 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.4 

b)  

Financial Instruments (continued) 

Measurement of fair values 

The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values which includes input 
from the Company’s investment managers who report directly to management. 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible.  Fair 
values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques. 

Investments carried at fair value are classified in accordance with a valuation hierarchy that reflects the significance of the 
inputs used in determining their fair value.  Under Level 1 of this hierarchy, fair value is derived from unadjusted quoted 
prices in active markets for identical investments.  Under Level 2, fair value is derived from market inputs that are directly 
or indirectly observable, other than unadjusted quoted prices for identical investments.  Under Level 3, fair value is derived 
from inputs, some of which are not based on observable market data. 

Significant  unobservable  inputs  and  valuation  adjustments  are  regularly  reviewed.  If  third  party  information,  such  as 
broker  quotes  or  pricing services,  is  used  to  measure  fair  values,  then  the  evidence  obtained  from  the  third  parties  is 
assessed  in  light  of  the  requirements  of  IFRS,  including the  level in  the  fair  value  hierarchy  in  which  such  investments 
should be classified. 

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value 
hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the 
lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. 

The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during 
which the change has occurred. 

c)  

Derivative financial instruments 

Derivative financial instruments are classified as held for trading.  All derivatives are carried as assets when the fair values 
are positive and as liabilities when the fair values are negative.   

Derivative financial instruments held for trading are typically entered into with the intention to settle in the near future. 
These instruments are recorded at fair value. Based on market prices, fair value adjustments and realized gains and losses 
are recognized in Foreign exchange loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (Note 5). 

d) 

 Impairment of financial assets 

The Company’s financial assets are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any objective evidence 
that they are impaired. A financial asset is considered to be impaired if objective evidence indicates that one or more 
events have had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset. 

When an unrealized loss on an available-for-sale investment results from objective evidence of impairment, the difference 
between  the  acquisition  cost  (net  of  any principal  repayment  and  amortization)  of  the  investment  and  its  fair  value  is 
recognized as a realized loss in net income (loss) and a corresponding adjustment is made to other comprehensive income 
(loss).  For debt securities, impairment could occur if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of a loss event 
and that loss event has an impact on future cash flows, and for equity securities, impairment could occur as a result of a 
significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost.  In determining whether there is objective evidence of 
impairment, the factors considered are, primarily, the term of the unrealized loss and the amount of the unrealized loss.  
If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can 
be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in net income (loss), the impairment 
loss is reversed, with the amount of the reversal recognized in net income (loss). 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets are assessed at each statement of financial position date to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated and the carrying value is reduced to the estimated recoverable amount by means of an impairment charge to 
net income (loss).  The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in 
use. 

8 

 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.4 

e)  

Financial Instruments (continued) 

Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statements of financial position 
only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net 
basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously.  

2.5 

Insurance contracts 

When significant insurance risk exists, the Company’s products are classified at contract inception as insurance contracts, 
in accordance with IFRS 4, Insurance Contracts (“IFRS 4”).  Significant insurance risk exists when the Company agrees to 
compensate policyholders of the contract or ceding companies for specified uncertain future events that adversely affect 
the policyholder and whose amount and timing is unknown.  The level of insurance risk is assessed by considering whether 
there are any scenarios with commercial substance in which the Company is required to pay significant additional benefits.  
These benefits are those which exceed the amounts payable if no insured or reinsured event were to occur.  In the absence 
of significant insurance risk, the contract is classified as an investment contract.   

a)  

Premiums and premiums receivable 

Premiums are earned over the terms of the related policies or surety bonds, generally on a pro rata basis.  There are some 
instances where premiums are earned over the term of the policy in accordance with the risk profile of those policies with 
more  premiums  being earned  when  the  risk  exposure  from  the  policy  is  greatest.    Unearned  premiums  represent  the 
unexpired portion of premiums written.  Gross premiums written are presented gross of retrospective premium refunds 
to insureds.  Retrospective premium refunds are accounted for on an accrual basis. 

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into fronting arrangements with third parties, whereby the Company 
assumes the insurance risk but then cedes all or most of the risk to other insurers and reinsurers.  Where appropriate, 
security  arrangements  are  established  to  offset  the  Company’s  risk  exposure.    Premiums  related  to  those  fronting 
arrangements are recognized over the term of the related policies on a pro rata basis. 

Premiums receivable consist of premiums due to the Company for insurance contracts sold. 

b)  

Fees 

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers 
(“IFRS 15”).  Fees charged by Trisura Guarantee to insureds are recognized in the period in which they are charged provided 
that no significant obligations to insureds exist and reasonable assurance exists regarding collectability. Fees charged by 
Trisura Specialty to reinsurers are recognized over the same period as the related insurance contract. 

c)  

Deferred acquisition costs 

Acquisition costs comprise commissions and premium taxes.  These costs are deferred to the extent they are recoverable 
from unearned premiums and are amortized on the same basis as the related premiums are earned.  If unearned premiums 
are  not  sufficient  to  pay  expected  claims  and  expenses,  including  the  deferred  acquisition  costs,  after  taking  into 
consideration anticipated investment income, the resulting premium deficiency is recognized in the current period by first 
reducing, to a corresponding extent, the deferred amount of the acquisition costs.  Any residual amount is recorded in 
Deferred acquisition costs in the consolidated statements of financial position as a provision for premium deficiency. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.5 

d) 

Insurance contracts (continued) 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

The liability for unpaid claims and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) represents an estimate of the ultimate cost of all claims 
incurred but not paid by the statement of financial position date. The reserving process employed in determining future 
claims  and  LAE  payments  includes  consideration  of  individual  case  estimates  of  future  claims  and  LAE  payments  on 
reported claims as well as provisions for future development of case estimates, and claims and LAE related to incurred but 
not reported claims (“IBNR”).  In some instances further provisions are made  for the time value of money  by applying 
discount rates based on projected investment income from the assets supporting this liability.  Unpaid claims and LAE of 
Trisura Specialty are not discounted.  The unpaid claims and LAE related to the property and casualty reserves of Trisura 
International  are  not  discounted.    The  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  of  Trisura  Guarantee  and  the  life  reserves  of  Trisura 
International are discounted.  The Company uses qualified actuaries in its reserving processes. 

In  estimating  unpaid  claims  and  LAE,  a  range  of  actuarial  techniques  are  used.    Typically  these  techniques  consider 
historical  loss  development  factors  and  payment  patterns.    They  require  the  use  of  assumptions  relating  to  future 
development  of  claims  and  LAE,  future  rates  of  claims  frequency  and  severity,  claims  inflation,  payment  patterns  and 
reinsurance  recoveries,  taking  into  consideration  the  circumstances  of  the  Company  and  the  nature  of  the  insurance 
policies.  Typically the delay to ultimate settlement of claims increases the uncertainty of the estimate of the ultimate cost 
of those claims and LAE.  The uncertainty in estimation tends to be higher for long-tail lines where information typically 
emerges over time.  For the reinsurance business, the time lag in obtaining information from ceding insurers as well as the 
differing reserve practices employed by ceding insurers can further increase the uncertainty of the estimate. In certain 
circumstances,  explicit  actuarial  margins  are  included  in  the  liability  in  recognition  of  the  inherent  uncertainty  of  the 
estimates  and  the  possibility  of  deterioration  in  experience  relative  to  expectation  in  relation  to  claims  development, 
investment return rates and recoverability of reinsurance balances. 

As a result of the uncertainly in estimation, actual future claims and LAE payments may deviate in quantum and timing, 
perhaps  materially,  from  the  liability  recorded  in  the  Company’s  current  provision  for  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  and 
investment contract liabilities as recorded on the consolidated statements of financial position. The liability for unpaid 
claims and LAE is reviewed regularly and evaluated in light of emerging claims experience and changing circumstances.  
Any resulting adjustments to the estimates of the ultimate liability are recorded as claims and LAE in the period in which 
such changes are made. 

e)  

Recoverable from reinsurers and Unearned reinsurance commissions 

The  reinsurers’  share  of  unearned  premiums  and  their  estimated  share  of  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  are  presented  as 
Recoverable from reinsurers on a basis consistent with the methods used to determine the unearned premium  liability 
and the unpaid claims liability, respectively. 

Unearned  reinsurance  commissions  are  deferred  and  earned  using  principles  consistent  with  the  method  used  for 
deferring and amortizing acquisition costs. 

f)  

Investment contracts 

Contracts issued to policyholders that transfer financial risk, but do not transfer significant insurance risk to the Company 
are  classified  as  investment  contract  liabilities.    The  contributions  received  from  policyholders  on  these  contracts  are 
recorded  as  investment  contract  liabilities,  and  not  as  premiums  written,  and  claim  payments  made  are  recorded  as 
adjustments to the investment contract liabilities.   

Investment contract liabilities are carried at amortized cost and are measured at the date of initial recognition as the fair 
value  of  consideration  received,  less  payments  for  transaction  related  costs.    At  each  reporting  period,  the  liability  is 
measured based on the estimated future cash flows relating to all claims expected to be settled on the contracts.  Gains 
or losses associated with the measurement are recorded in Claims and LAE.  Investment contract liabilities are included in 
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position.   

10 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.6 

Capital assets 

Capital assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives 
of these assets using the following rates and methods: 

Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 
Leasehold improvements 

2.7 

Intangible assets 

40%, declining balance 
25%, declining balance 
5 to 10 years, straight-line over the term of the lease 

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization.  Amortization is provided over the estimated useful 
lives of those assets.  A 40% amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to computer 
software.  A 20% amortization rate and the declining balance method of amortization are applied to the customer lists 
recorded as intangible assets. 

2.8 

Income taxes 

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under this method of tax allocation, 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax 
basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect in the periods 
in which the deferred income tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized, where those tax rates and laws 
have been substantively enacted.   

Deferred tax assets are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that they will be realized.  Estimates are used to 
determine the value of the deferred tax asset balance based on the assumption that the Company will generate taxable 
income in future years.  Estimates are used to determine the taxes payable balance based on applicable tax legislation. For 
items in other comprehensive loss, the related tax is also presented in other comprehensive loss. 

2.9 

a) 

Foreign currency 

Functional and presentation currency 

The Company’s functional and presentation currency is Canadian dollars. Foreign currency transactions are translated into 
Canadian dollars at the foreign exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction. 

Foreign denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate in 
effect at the statement of financial position date.  Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized in 
net income (loss).  Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities which are measured at historical cost are recorded 
at the exchange rate in effect at the date of transaction. Foreign currency non-monetary assets and liabilities which are 
measured at fair value are recorded at the exchange rate in effect at the date that fair value was determined. 

For fixed maturities classified as available-for-sale, foreign exchange differences resulting from changes in amortized cost 
are recognized in net income (loss), while foreign exchange differences arising from unrealized fair value gains and losses 
are  included  as  unrealized  gains  (losses)  within  other  comprehensive  income  (loss).  For  other  financial  instruments 
classified  as  available-for-sale,  foreign  exchange  differences  are  included  as  unrealized  gains  (losses)  within  other 
comprehensive loss. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.9 

b) 

Foreign currency (continued) 

Financial statements of foreign operations 

For foreign operations that have a functional currency other than Canadian dollars, the results and financial position of 
such operations are translated into Canadian dollars.  Assets and liabilities of the foreign operations are translated at the 
foreign exchange rates in effect at the statement of financial position date, and income and expenses are translated at 
average rates approximating the foreign exchange rates in effect at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign exchange differences arising from the  translation to  Canadian dollars are recognized as cumulative translation 
adjustment (“CTA”) in other comprehensive loss.   

2.10 

Share-based compensation 

The Company’s accounting policies with respect to share-based compensation are in accordance with IFRS 2, Share based 
payment, for which the Company has adopted the amendments early. 

a)  

Equity-settled stock option plan 

The Company maintains an equity-settled stock option plan, which is described in Note 29.1.  The value of equity-settled 
stock options is measured at the grant date, and the cost is  recognized in  Operating expenses as an expense over the 
period from the issue date to the vesting date.    Obligations related to equity-settled stock options plans are recorded in 
shareholders’  equity  as  contributed  surplus.    Any  consideration  paid  by  stock  option  holders  to  exercise  the  options 
increases share capital.  The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to measure the fair value of stock options.  Inputs to 
the model include a volatility measure, a risk free rate, and expected life of the options. 

b) 

Cash-settled share based plan 

The Company maintains a cash-settled share based plan, which is described in Note 29.2.  The cost of cash-settled share 
based options is recognized in Operating expenses as an expense over the period from the issue date to the vesting date.  
Obligations related to cash-settled share based plans are recorded as liabilities at fair value in Accounts payable, accrued 
and other liabilities.  At each reporting date, obligations related to the plan are re-measured at fair value with reference 
to the fair value of the Company’s stock price and the number of units that have vested.  The corresponding share-based 
compensation expense or recovery is recognized over the vesting period.  The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to 
measure the fair value of cash-settled share based options. Inputs to the model include a volatility measure, a risk free 
rate, and expected life of the options. 

c)  

Deferred share units plan 

The Company has adopted a non-employee director Deferred Share Units (“DSU”) plan, which is described in Note 29.3.  
This entitles the participants to receive, following the end of the director’s tenure as a member of the Board, an amount 
equivalent to the value of a common share at settlement, for each DSU unit that the participant holds.  Obligations related 
to the plan are recorded as liabilities at fair value in Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities, and re-measured at 
each reporting date at fair value with reference to the fair value of the Company’s stock price and the number of units that 
have vested.  The cost of the DSUs is recognized in Operating expenses in the period they are awarded.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

2.11 

Future accounting policy changes 

a) 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”)  

In  November  2009,  the  IASB  issued  IFRS  9  as  part  of  its  plan  to  replace  IAS  39  Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and 
Measurement (“IAS 39”).  IFRS 9 requires financial assets, including hybrid contracts, to be measured at either fair value 
or amortized cost.  In October 2010, the IASB added to IFRS 9 the requirements for classification and measurement of 
financial  liabilities  previously  included  in  IAS  39.    Another  revised  version  of  IFRS  9  was  issued  in  July  2014  to  include 
impairment  requirements  for  financial  assets  and  limited  amendments  by  introducing  a  “fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income” measurement category.  It also removed the mandatory effective date of January 1, 2015 and 
replaced  it  with  a  new  effective  date  of  January  1,  2018.    This  notwithstanding,  the  Company  has  elected  to  defer 
implementation of IFRS 9 to coincide with the implementation of IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (“IFRS 17”). 

Deferral of IFRS 9 

The Company has adopted the amendments of IFRS 4, which addresses the deferral of the implementation of IFRS 9 for 
insurance companies. 

The  Company  is  applying  the  temporary  exemption  from  IFRS  9  as  its  activities  are  predominantly  connected  with 
insurance as the percentage of liabilities connected with insurance contracts over total liabilities is greater than the 80% 
threshold as described in IFRS 4 and the Company does not engage in a significant activity not connected with insurance.  
Based on this analysis, the Company meets the criteria to defer implementation of IFRS 9.   

The Company must also disclose certain elements related to the classification and fair value (see Note 4.2), as well as credit 
rating (see Note 12.2(c)) of financial assets. 

The Company is assessing the impact that IFRS 9 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

b) 

IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”) 

In January 2016, the IASB published IFRS 16. The new standard brings most leases on to the statements of financial position, 
eliminating the distinction between operating and finance leases.  Lessor accounting however remains largely unchanged 
and  the  distinction  between  operating  and  finance  leases  is  retained.    IFRS  16  supersedes  IAS  17  Leases  and  related 
interpretations and is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted if IFRS 
15  has  also  been  applied.    The  Company  has  assessed  the  impact  that  IFRS  16  will  have  on  its  consolidated  financial 
statements, and determined that the impact will result in the addition of a Right-of-use asset valued at approximately 
$8,229,  as  well  as  a  corresponding  Lease  liability  of  $8,229,  which  will  be  reflected  on  the  consolidated  statement  of 
financial position as at January 1, 2019. 

c) 

IFRS 17 

On May 18, 2017, the IASB issued the new standard IFRS 17 which allows insurance entities to elect one of the following 
two  approaches  with  respect  to  financial  instruments:  (a)  the  deferral  approach,  which  provides  entities  whose 
predominant activities are to issue insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4 a temporary exemption to continue using 
IAS 39, instead of IFRS 9, until January 1, 2021; and (b) the overlay approach, which can be applied to eligible financial 
assets and provides an option for all issuers of insurance contracts to reclassify from profit or loss to other comprehensive 
income any additional accounting volatility that may arise from applying IFRS 9 before IFRS 17 is applied.  IFRS 17 requires 
insurance  liabilities  to  be  measured  at  current  fulfillment  value  and  provides  a  more  uniform  measurement  and 
presentation approach for all insurance contracts.  IFRS 17 supersedes IFRS 4 and related interpretations and is effective 
for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2021.  On November 14, 2018, the IASB tentatively decided to defer the 
effective date of IFRS 17, along with IFRS 9, to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2022.  The Company is assessing 
the impact that IFRS 17 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 3 – Critical accounting judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets 
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the  years 
presented.     

3.1 

Critical accounting judgments in applying the Company’s accounting policies 

Judgments are used in applying the accounting policies used to prepare financial statements.  Those judgments affect the 
carrying amount of certain assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses recorded during the 
year.   

a) 

Insurance Contracts 

Judgments are used to determine whether contracts should be classified as insurance or investment contracts (see Note 
2.5(f)). 

b) 

Financial assets 

Judgments are used in determining the classification of financial assets as AFS, FVTPL or Loans and receivables (see Note 
2.4(a)). 

c) 

Unpaid claims and LAE 

Judgments are used in establishing provisions for unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.5(d)). 

3.2 

Assumption and estimation uncertainty 

Information  about  assumptions  and  estimation  uncertainties  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  resulting  in  a  material 
adjustment in the year ended December 31, 2018 is included below.  Any changes in estimates are recorded in the period 
in which they are determined.  Accordingly, actual results may differ from these and other estimates thereby impacting 
future financial statements: 

a) 

Valuation of claims liabilities 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of unpaid claims and LAE (see Note 2.5(d)), as well 
as significant risk factors associated with insurance and reinsurance (see Note 12 and Note 13). 

b) 

Valuation of structured insurance assets 

Assumptions and estimation uncertainties exist related to the valuation of the structured insurance assets (see Note 4.4 
and Note 6). 

c) 

Measurement of income taxes 

Assumptions and estimates are used in measuring the provision for incomes taxes (see Note 2.8 and Note 28). 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 4 – Investments 

4.1 

Classification of cash and investments 

The following table presents the classification of cash and investments. 

As at December 31, 2018 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Fixed income 
Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total cash and investments 

As at December 31, 2017 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Investments 

Fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total cash and investments 

AFS 

- 

195,966 
2,338 

24,702 

25,307 

- 

248,313 

Designated  
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

Total 

- 

95,212 

95,212 

18,302 

3,959 

- 

- 

- 
12,300 

30,602 

- 

- 

- 

- 

99,171 

218,227 
2,338 

24,702 

25,307 

12,300 

378,086 

AFS 

Designated  
FVTPL 

Cash, loans and 
receivables 

Total 

              -    

               -    

165,675 

165,675 

106,453 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

              -    

156,061 

22,014 

               -    

               -    

               -    
12,566 

34,580 

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

               -    

165,675 

128,467 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

356,316 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

4.2 

Unrealized gains and losses and carrying value of investments 

The amortized cost and carrying value of investments as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows: 

As at December 31, 2018 

Government 
Corporate 

Total bonds 
Other loans 

Total fixed income 
Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

As at December 31, 2017 

Government 
Corporate 

Total bonds 
Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 
Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

Other investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying 
value 

18,302 

- 

18,302 

- 

18,302 

- 

- 

- 

12,300 

30,602 

45,418 
152,757 

198,175 
3,959 

202,134 
1,605 

22,702 

28,456 

- 

389 
113 

502 

- 

502 
765 

4,505 

108 

- 

 (90) 
(2,621) 

(2,711) 

- 

(2,711) 
(32) 

(2,505) 

(3,257) 

- 

45,717 
150,249 

195,966 
3,959 

199,925 
2,338 

24,702 

25,307 

- 

254,897 

5,880 

(8,505) 

252,272 

282,874 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

64,019 
150,249 

214,268 
3,959 

218,227 
2,338 

24,702 

25,307 

12,300 

FVTPL 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

Other investments 

Amortized 
cost 

Unrealized 
gains 

Unrealized 
losses 

Carrying 
value 

Total 
investments 
At carrying 
value 

22,014 

- 

22,014 

- 

- 

22,014 

- 

- 

- 

12,566 

34,580 

25,436 
80,121 

105,557 
332 

55 

105,944 
2,115 

25,668 

14,441 

- 

634 
407 

1,041 

- 
36 

1,077 
935 
6,780 

1,165 

- 

 (30) 
(465) 

(495) 
(18) 

(55) 

(568) 
(122) 

(1,199) 

(175) 

- 

26,040 
80,063 

106,103 
314 

36 

106,453 
2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

- 

48,054 
80,063 

128,117 
314 

36 

128,467 
2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

148,168 

9,957 

 (2,064) 

156,061 

190,641 

The Company is currently assessing the cash flow characteristics test, to determine if the securities the Company holds 
would pass the solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) test.  Based on a preliminary assessment, most of the 
debt securities would pass the test, however the composition of debt securities may change significantly by the time IFRS 
9 is adopted. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

4.2 

Unrealized gains and losses and carrying value of investments (continued) 

Management has reviewed currently available information regarding those investments with a fair value less than carrying 
value.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2018,  management  recognized  an  impairment  of  $325  (2017  –$321).  
Assumptions  are  used  when  estimating  the  value  of  impairment  based  on  the  Company’s  impairment  policy,  which 
involves comparing fair value to carrying value. 

4.3 

Pledged assets 

In  the  normal course of  insurance  and reinsurance  operations,  the  Company  must  secure  its  obligations under  certain 
insurance and reinsurance contracts by collateralizing them with letters of credit or trust arrangements. These trusts and 
letters  of  credit  may,  in  turn,  be  secured  by  the  Company’s fixed  income  investments.    As  at  December  31,  2018,  the 
Company  has  pledged  cash  amounting  to  $43,775,  and  pledged  fixed  maturity  investments  amounting  to  $27,407 
(December 31, 2017 – $52,767 and $30,646, respectively), under insurance and reinsurance trust arrangements and are 
therefore not readily available for general use by  the Company.  

As at December 31, 2018, the Company pledged $401 (December 31, 2017 – $nil) of fixed income investments as security 
deposit to the Oklahoma Insurance Department to be held in trust for and pledged to the State of Oklahoma. 

4.4 

Structured insurance assets 

The  structured  insurance  assets  represent  the  Company’s  purchase  of  the  rights  to  collect  commission  income  on 
portfolios of long-term care insurance policies issued by investment grade  insurance companies.  The commissions are 
paid into trusts, from which the amounts due to the Company, being the commissions net of expenses of the trusts, are 
paid.  The commission income for the year ended December 31, 2018 amounted to $1,874 (December 31, 2017 – $2,379), 
which has been recorded within net investment income (see Note 20).    

Note 5 – Fair value and notional amount of derivatives 

The following sets out the fair value and notional amount of derivatives as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 2018 

Foreign currency contracts 

     Forwards 

Term to maturity 

     Less than one year 

2018 

Fair value 

Asset 

Liability 

Notional 
amount 

2017 

Fair value 

Asset 

Liability 

- 

- 

380 

10,085 

152 

380 

10,085 

152 

- 

- 

Notional 
amount 

24,101 

24,101 

The Company entered into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce its book value exposure to fluctuations in the USD 
and EUR exchange rates that could arise from its USD and EUR denominated investments.   The notional amount of the 
derivatives are $16,819 USD and $1 million EUR.  These derivatives are recorded at fair value and gains and losses are 
recorded in foreign exchange losses.  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 6 – Fair value measurement 

The following sets out the financial instruments classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 
2018 and December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 2018 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 

Corporate 

Total bonds 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total investments 
Derivative financial liabilities 

64,019 

150,249 

214,268 

2,338 

24,702 

25,307 

12,300 

278,915 
(380) 

278,535 

- 

- 

- 

2,338 
23,897 

25,307 

- 

51,542 

- 

51,542 

64,019 

150,249 

214,268 

- 

- 

- 

- 

214,268 
(380) 

213,888 

      - 

- 

- 

- 
805 

- 

12,300 

13,105 

- 

13,105 

As at December 31, 2017 

Total fair value 

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Government 

Corporate 

Total bonds 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Total fixed income 

Income and investment trust units 

Common shares 

Preferred shares 

Structured insurance assets 

Total investments 
Derivative financial assets 

48,054 

80,063 

128,117 

314 

36 

128,467 

2,928 

31,249 

15,431 

12,566 

190,641 
152 

190,793 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
2,928 

30,942 

15,431 

- 

49,301 

- 

49,301 

48,054 

80,063 

128,117 

- 

- 

128,117 

- 

- 

- 

- 

128,117 
152 

128,269 

      - 

- 

- 
314 

36 

350 

- 
307 

- 

12,566 

13,223 

- 

13,223 

During the years 2018 and 2017 there were no transfers between levels. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 6 – Fair value measurement (continued) 

The following table shows a reconciliation from the beginning balances to the ending balances for fair value measurements 
in Level 3 of the hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: 

Balance at beginning of year 
Unrealized losses 
Amortization of premium 
Purchase of securities 
Sale of securities 
Foreign exchange 

Balance at end of year 

2018 

13,223 
(982) 
(63) 
205 
(363) 
1,085 

13,105 

2017 

15,646 
(1,705) 
(38) 
318 

- 
(998) 
13,223 

Included within the Level 3 assets are the structured insurance assets.  The structured insurance assets are valued using a 
proprietary discounted cash flow valuation model.  The fair value of this investment is based on discounting the expected 
future  commission  using  a  U.S.  Treasury  yield  curve  adjusted  for  credit  risk  associated  with  the  receipt  of  future 
commission payments from the insurance companies.    The credit risk adjustment is done since the Company takes on the 
credit risk of the insurance companies who have the ultimate commission obligations. The majority of commissions are 
received from insurance companies with an A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) long-term issuer credit ratings of A or 
better.   

Expected future cash flows are projected taking into account the probability of the policy being cancelled by the insured 
(referred to as lapse), the insured becoming sick and making a claim under the insurance policy (referred to as morbidity) 
and having future premium payments waived, or the insured dying (referred to as mortality).   These actuarial risks are 
modeled using data drawn from the insurance companies and the Society of Actuaries Long Term Care Studies, as well as 
data  from  other  public  and  non-public  sources  supplemented,  as  appropriate,  by  assistance  from  external  actuarial 
consultants.  Mortality rates used in the valuation of the Structured insurance assets are derived from the 2012 Individual 
Annuity Mortality table developed by the Society of Actuaries in the United States.  The assumptions used are reviewed 
on a regular basis. 

The following table shows the sensitivity of the valuation to a 1% change in the lapse rate. 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in lapse rate 

100 basis point decrease in lapse rate 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Impact on comprehensive income (loss) from 
change in average reserve 

(587) 
632 

(587) 
631 

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant fair value inputs utilized by the Company for 
Level 3 assets:  

Structured insurance assets 

12,300  Discounted cash flow  Discount rate load (1) 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2018 

Valuation technique 

Unobservable inputs 

Private equity fund investments 

805  Net asset value (5) 

Morbidity rates (2) 
Lapse rates (3) 
n/a 

Range 
0.25% - 3% 
0.3% - 25.3% 
2.5% 
n/a 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 6 – Fair value measurement (continued) 

Structured insurance assets 

Fair value as at 
December 31, 2017 

Valuation technique 
12,566  Discounted cash flow 

Fixed income 
Private equity fund investments 

350  Dealer quotes 
307  Net asset value (5) 

Unobservable inputs 

Range 

Discount rate load (1) 
Morbidity rates (2) 
Lapse rates (3) 
n/a (4) 
n/a 

0.5% - 6% 
0.3% - 28.6% 
1.25% 
n/a 
n/a 

(1)  The discount rate used by the Company consists of three components: 

Risk free rate: based on U.S. Treasury strip rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs. 
Credit risk: based on counterparty credit default swap rates that are quoted observable fair value inputs. 

• 
• 
•  Discount rate load: the risk premium applied to projected cash flows which increases over time.  A decrease 

in discount rate load, increases estimated fair value.   

(3) 

(2)  Morbidity  rates  refer  to  the  percentage  of  policyholders  in  receipt  of  benefit  during  which  time  premiums  are 
waived.  These rates vary by age and gender and are based on long term care industry data.  At December 31, 2018 
0.3% (December 31, 2017 – 0.3%) of the policies expected to be in force at the time of the Year 1 cashflow were 
expected to have gone on claim and 25.3% (December 31, 2017 – 28.6%) of the policies expected to be in force at 
the time of the Year 25 cashflow were expected to have gone on claim.  
Lapse rates are  the percentage of policyholders electing to  cancel their policy and are based on long term care 
industry data and recent portfolio experience. 
The fair value of fixed maturities is determined using International Data Corporation’s valuation methodology and 
obtained  by  Asset  Managers  responsible  for  managing  these  assets.    Consequently,  quantitative  unobservable 
inputs are not developed by the Company when measuring fair value. 
The reported net asset value from the Asset Manager approximates the fair value of the investment. 

(5) 

(4) 

Note 7 – Deferred acquisition costs 

The  following  changes  have  occurred  to  the  deferred  acquisition  costs  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2018  and 
December 31, 2017: 

Deferred acquisition costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 
Foreign exchange 

Closing balance, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition costs 

Opening costs, beginning of year 
Acquisition costs deferred 
Amortization of deferred costs 
Foreign exchange 

Closing balance, end of year 

December 31, 2018 
40,266 
68,999 
(46,098) 

548 
63,715 

December 31, 2018 
5,566 
26,605 
(13,671) 

637 
19,137 

December 31, 2017 
30,985 
45,245 
(35,964) 

- 
40,266 

December 31, 2017 
4,928 
9,112 
(8,474) 

- 
5,566 

The reinsurers’ share of deferred acquisition costs is referred to as Unearned reinsurance commissions in the consolidated 
statements of financial position. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 8 – Unearned premiums 

8.1 

Nature of unearned premiums 

Unearned premiums are generally calculated on a pro rata basis from the unexpired portion of the premiums written (see 
Note 2.5(a)). The unearned premiums estimate is validated through standard actuarial techniques to ensure that after 
deducting  any  deferred  policy  acquisition  costs,  these  premiums  are  sufficient  to  cover  the  estimated  future  costs  of 
servicing the associated policies, expected claims, LAE, and taxes to be incurred.  In estimating these costs, the Company 
in some instances uses discounting techniques to take into account the time value of money and a provision for adverse 
deviation is added to the discounted amount.  There was no premium deficiency at December 31, 2018 or December 31, 
2017. 

The carrying value of unearned premiums approximates their fair value. 

8.2 

Unearned premiums by line of business 

December 31, 2018 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Trisura Specialty 
     Property and casualty 

December 31, 2017 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net 

22,394 
24,697 
96,149 

143,240 

39,383 

182,623 

7,664 
4,931 
17,303 

29,898 

37,621 

67,519 

14,730 
19,766 
78,846 

113,342 

1,762 

115,104 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net 

21,645 
28,216 
65,496 

115,357 

7,174 
9,763 
10,071 

27,008 

14,471 
18,453 
55,425 

88,349 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

8.2 

Unearned premiums by line of business (continued) 

The following changes have occurred in the provision for unearned premiums during the years ended December 31, 2018 
and December 31, 2017: 

Unearned premiums 

Unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Gross premiums written 
Gross premiums earned 
Foreign exchange 

Unearned premiums, end of year 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premium 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums, beginning of year 
Ceded premiums written 
Ceded premiums earned 
Foreign exchange 

Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums, end of year 

December 31, 2018 
115,357 
219,041 
(153,753) 

1,978 
182,623 

December 31, 2018 
27,008 
103,405 
(64,783) 

1,889 
67,519 

December 31, 2017 
90,612 
146,598 
(121,853) 

- 

115,357 

December 31, 2017 
22,444 
46,977 
(42,413) 

- 

27,008 

Note 9 – Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses 

9.1 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses by line of business 

As at December 31, 2018 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Trisura International 
     Life 

     Property and casualty 

Trisura Specialty 
     Property and casualty 

Gross 

Ceded 

Net 

13,324 
31,182 
40,925 

85,431 

69,758 

9,330 

79,088 

3,820 
2,013 
27,251 

33,084 

- 

- 

- 

9,478 

173,997 

8,964 

42,048 

9,504 
29,169 
13,674 

52,347 

69,758 

9,330 

79,088 

514 

131,949 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

9.1 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses by line of business (continued) 

As at December 31, 2017 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 
     Corporate insurance 
     Risk solutions 

Trisura International 
     Life 

     Property and casualty 

Gross (1) 

Ceded (1) 

Net 

15,814 
28,608 
46,090 

90,512 

68,896 

19,477 

88,373 

4,952 
3,594 
29,700 

38,246 

- 

- 

- 

178,885 

38,246 

10,862 
25,014 
16,390 

52,266 

68,896 

19,477 

88,373 

140,639 

(1)  Certain ceded balances have been reclassified from December 31, 2017 to conform with 2018 classification. 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment balances due from reinsurers, referred to above as Ceded balances, are grouped with 
unearned reinsurance assets in Recoverable from reinsurers on the consolidated statements of financial position.  

The unpaid claims and LAE of Trisura Guarantee were discounted to take into account the time value of money using a 
rate of 3.25% (2017 – 2.07%) on expected claims settlement patterns.  The expected future claim and LAE payments related 
to the Life liabilities of Trisura International were discounted to take into account the time value of money using rates 
which ranged from (0.36%) to 1.38% (2017 – (0.35%) to 1.51%).  

The following changes have occurred to the provision for unpaid claims for the years ended December 31: 

Gross claim reserves 

December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discount rate 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Paid on claims occurring during: 

     Current year 
     Prior years 
Foreign exchange 

Unpaid claims, end of year 

178,885 
1,252 
(1,957) 
413 
59,169 

                  163,970 
                      (2,101) 
                         (727) 
                     1,627 
                   43,386 

(27,196) 
(41,111) 
4,542 

                  (10,130) 
                  (19,822) 
                    2,682 

173,997 

                178,885 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

9.1 

Unpaid claims and loss adjustment expenses by line of business (continued) 

Reinsurers’ share of claim reserves 

December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 

Unpaid claims, beginning of year 
Change in undiscounted estimates for losses of prior years 
Change in discount rate 
Change in provision for adverse deviation 
Claims occurring in current year (including paid) 
Paid on claims occurring during: 

     Current year 
     Prior years 
Foreign exchange 

Unpaid claims, end of year 

38,246 
3,786 
(347) 
(245) 
36,021 

                     24,676 
                       2,483 
                          (348) 
                          782 
                     21,645 

(19,598) 
(16,265) 
450 

                      (3,933) 
                      (7,059) 

                               - 

42,048 

                    38,246 

The  Reinsurance  premiums  payable  balance  of  $41,406  (2017  –  $17,555)  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
position, reflects $45,694 of reinsurance payable (2017 – $19,997), netted against $4,288 (2017 – $2,442) of reinsurance 
recoverable.  

9.2 

Prior year claims development 

The following tables present the gross and net cumulative claim payments to date and estimate of gross and net ultimate 
claims incurred, including IBNR claims and provisions for adverse deviation (“PfAD”), at the end of the year: 

Gross claims loss development 

Accident year 

All prior 
years 

Estimate of gross ultimate claims 

incurred 
One year later 

Two years later 
Three years later 

Four years later 

Five years later 

Six years later 

Seven years later 

Eight years later 

Nine years later 

Estimate of gross 
ultimate claims 
incurred 

Cumulative claim 

Unpaid claims 

Impact of discounting 
Impact of PfAD 

Present value of unpaid 
claims with PfAD 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

Total 

61,212 

56,716 
55,276 

56,788 

59,014 

59,372 

57,857 

57,887 

57,884 

57,908 

18,584 

16,648 
17,181 

16,637 

14,727 

13,700 

13,704 

13,847 

14,182 

11,741 

12,187 

20,896 

12,935 
12,322 

12,006 

9,638 

8,979 

8,852 

8,974 

17,155 
13,608 

13,062 

12,725 

12,144 

9,615 
8,078 

7,178 

6,801 

8,101 

8,354 

22,377 

21,878 
20,660 

20,648 

21,588 

29,316 

24,413 
24,425 

25,304 

40,249 

38,564 
38,969 

43,386 

42,141 

59,748 

2,951,884 

57,908 

14,182 

8,974 

8,354 

12,144 

21,588 

25,304 

38,969 

42,141 

59,748 

3,241,196 

payments to date 

(2,944,483) 

(55,902) 

(13,890) 

(8,456) 

(5,793) 

(9,162) 

(16,260) 

(17,518) 

(17,492) 

(24,190) 

(27,300) 

(3,140,446) 

7,401 

2,006 

(1) 

2 

(2) 

8 

292 

(19) 

38 

518 

(28) 

66 

2,561 

2,982 

5,328 

7,786 

21,477 

17,951 

32,448 

100,750 

(133) 

338 

(122) 

302 

(224) 

538 

(444) 

808 

(1,335) 

(1,245) 

(1,612) 

2,212 

1,893 

2,448 

(5,165) 

8,653 

7,402 

2,012 

311 

556 

2,766 

3,162 

5,642 

8,150 

22,354 

18,599 

33,284 

Add: Discounted reserves on life contracts 

Total unpaid claims and LAE 

24 

104,238 

69,759 

173,997 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

9.2 

Prior year claims development (continued) 

Net claims loss development 

Accident year 

Estimate of net 

ultimate claims 
incurred 
One year later 

Two years later 

Three years later 

Four years later 

Five years later 

Six years later 

Seven years later 

Eight years later 

Nine years later 

Estimate of net 

ultimate claim 
incurred 

Cumulative claim 

All prior 
years 

2009 

2010 

2011 

2012 

2013 

2014 

2015 

2016 

2017 

2018 

Total 

58,671 

55,593 

54,469 

55,930 

58,195 

58,594 

57,085 

57,115 

57,113 
57,136 

15,081 

13,297 

13,896 

13,412 

11,603 

10,662 

10,724 

10,867 

11,197 

10,003 

10,463 

12,349 

14,002 

10,211 

9,683 

9,253 

7,564 

7,053 

6,958 

7,090 

8,872 

7,402 

6,845 

6,568 

7,861 

8,102 

12,363 

10,310 

9,224 

8,934 

9,953 

6,651 

5,648 

5,324 

5,254 

18,997 

15,878 

14,365 

14,421 

28,378 

26,772 

26,380 

21,741 

23,176 

19,059 

2,878,754 

57,136 

11,197 

7,090 

8,102 

5,254 

8,934 

14,421 

26,380 

19,059 

23,176 

3,059,503 

payments to date 

(2,871,359) 

(55,132) 

(10,927) 

(6,589) 

(5,548) 

(4,181) 

(7,138) 

(11,198) 

(10,506) 

(9,867) 

(7,600) 

(3,000,045) 

7,395 

2,004 

270 

501 

2,554 

1,073 

1,796 

3,223 

15,874 

9,192 

15,576 

59,458 

1 
1 

(2) 
8 

(16) 

37 

(28) 
66 

(133) 
336 

(60) 
178 

(122) 
306 

(245) 
490 

(1,057) 
1,809 

(752) 
1,227 

(1,158) 
1,846 

(3,572) 
6,304 

Net unpaid claims 

Impact of 
discounting 
Impact of PfAD 

Present value of net 
unpaid claims 
with PfAD 

7,397 

2,010 

291 

539 

2,757 

1,191 

1,980 

3,468 

16,626 

9,667 

16,264 

Add: Net discounted reserves on life contracts 

Total unpaid claims and LAE 

Note 10 – Premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets 

As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, premiums and accounts receivable, and other assets consists of: 

62,190 

69,759 

131,949 

As at December 31,  

Premiums receivable 
Accrued investment income 
Tax recoveries 
Prepaid expenses 
Funds held by ceding companies 
Derivative assets 

Miscellaneous assets 

2018 

41,251 
1,991 
1,939 
316 
236 

- 
543 

46,276 

2017 

20,552 
909 
477 
224 
374 
152 

484 

23,172 

As at December 31, 2018, Premiums receivable of $41,251 (2017 – $20,552) includes an amount of $20,504 (2017 - $nil) 
related to Trisura Specialty for which there is a reinsurance payable of $21,355 (2017 - $nil). 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 11 – Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities consist of: 

As at December 31,  

Deposits in trust 
Accrued liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Investment contract liabilities 
Share based payment plan 
Derivatives liabilities 

Note 12 – Risk management 

2018 

9,565 
8,700 
3,891 
916 
715 
380 

2017 

6,592 
6,576 
3,586 
2,856 
185 

- 

24,167 

19,795 

As a provider of insurance products, effective risk management is critical to the Company’s ability to protect the interests 
of  its  stakeholders.    The  most  significant  risks  include  those  associated  with  insurance  contracts  and  holding  financial 
instruments.  The Company has policies and procedures governing the identification, measurement, monitoring, mitigating 
and controlling of risks associated with insurance contracts and holding financial instruments.  The most significant risk 
associated with insurance contracts is insurance risk, which includes pricing risk, concentration risk and reserving risk.  The 
significant risks associated with financial instruments are credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (comprising currency risk, 
interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity risk).   

The  following  sections  describe  how  the  Company  manages  its  insurance  risk  and  risks  associated  with  financial 
instruments. 

12.1 

Insurance risk 

Insurance risk is the risk that the ultimate cost of claims and LAE, as well as acquisition expenses, related to insurance 
contracts will exceed premiums received in respect of those contracts. This could occur because either the frequency or 
severity of claims is greater than expected.  

The  Company’s  objective  for  managing  insurance  risk  is  to  mitigate  the  risk  while  continuing  to  grow  and  to  achieve 
profitable  underwriting  results  within  its  identified  product  lines.  Senior  management  seeks  to  achieve  this  objective 
through effective use of underwriting and pricing policies, procedures and guidelines, which it has developed for pricing 
and issuing bonds and policies or assuming reinsurance risk. In addition, careful oversight is applied to all aspects of the 
underwriting process to ensure that these policies, procedures and guidelines are followed.  Furthermore, the Company 
regularly reviews its underwriting and pricing guidelines to ensure that they reflect emerging trends in its existing business 
and  in  the  marketplace.    Insurance  risk  is  further  mitigated  through  effective  claims  and  expense  management,  and 
through the use of reinsurance. 

The insurance risks associated with insurance contracts underwritten by the Company are subject to a number of variables 
such as estimated loss ratios and estimated claims settlement costs, which are sensitive to various assumptions which can 
impact the estimation of claims liabilities (see Note 2.5(d)).  

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.1 

Insurance risk (continued) 

Some additional factors that impact insurance risk include pricing risk, concentration risk and reserving risk, which are 
described below: 

a) 

Pricing risk 

Pricing risk is the risk that an insurance product has been priced using assumptions about claims and LAE activity that are 
different from the actual experience of that product line. The Company mitigates the impact of pricing risk through the 
use of pricing guidelines, which are designed such that premium rates take into account claims frequency and severity, 
expense levels, investment returns and profit margins required to support a particular product line.  The Company reviews 
pricing assumptions regularly to ensure that they reflect up-to-date claims experience and expected future changes in that 
experience,  as  well  as  market  conditions.  The  Company  further  mitigates  the  impact  of  pricing  risk  through  the 
employment of experienced underwriting staff.  

b) 

Reserving risk 

Reserving risk is the risk that future claims and LAE arising on past exposure periods exceed the liability recorded in respect 
of unpaid claims and LAE.  The Company’s management of reserving risk is discussed in Note 2.5(d).   

c) 

Concentration of insurance risk 

Concentration risk is the risk that the Company’s insurance products are concentrated within a particular geographic area, 
particular class of business, or a particular insured, thereby increasing the exposure of the Company to a single event or a 
series  of  related  events.  Concentration  of  risk  could  arise  as  a  result  of  a  single  bondholder  having  multiple  bonds 
outstanding, or as a result of accumulations of large numbers of insurance or reinsurance contracts exposed to similar 
perils, classes of business or geographic areas. Concentrations of risk can arise from either high-severity or low-frequency 
events, such as natural disasters.  

To mitigate the impact of concentration of risk, the Company applies risk management practices, monitoring and modelling 
techniques,  and  regularly  reviews  its  portfolio  of  insurance  risks  for  concentration  and  aggregation  of  risks  and  makes 
adjustments  as  needed  in order  to  ensure  exposures  are  within  tolerances.  The  active management  of  its  reinsurance 
programs  and  collateral  requirements  is  also  an  important  element  in  maintaining  that  net  claims  exposures  and 
concentration and aggregation risks remain within the Company’s risk tolerance. 

The following table shows the mix of the Company’s policies by product line and geography, which reflects the Company’s 
diversification of insurance risk: 

December 31, 2018 

Canada 

U.S. 

Other 

December 31, 2017 
U.S. 

Canada 

Other 

Trisura Guarantee 
     Surety 

     Corporate insurance 

     Risk solutions 

Trisura Specialty 

     Property & casualty 

Trisura International 

     Life 

     Property & casualty 

Assumed reinsurance 

Gross premiums written 

49,783 

39,073 

74,615 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,751 

- 

- 

53,731 

- 

- 

- 

163,471 

55,482 

- 

- 

- 

- 

88 

- 

88 

88 

48,815 

         32,718 

64,190 

- 

- 

- 

- 

145,723 

875 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
875 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
165 

165 

165 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.1 

Insurance risk (continued) 

d) 

Sensitivity to insurance risk 

i) Property and casualty business of Trisura Guarantee, Trisura Specialty and Trisura International 

The insurance risks associated with the lines of business underwritten by the Company are sensitive to various assumptions 
which can impact the estimation of claims liabilities. The relevant risk variables for the Company’s Property and Casualty 
lines of business associated with the estimation of claims liabilities are subject to assumptions that include the estimated 
loss ratio as well as the estimated claims settlement costs.  The loss ratio is used to calculate losses of the Company with 
respect to its ongoing property and casualty insurance operations as a percentage of net premiums earned.  Below is an 
analysis showing the impact of a 5% increase in the loss ratio, as a percentage of net earned premium, and a 5% increase 
in claims settlement costs of the property and casualty claims reserves, based on an increase in the current net unpaid 
claims balance.  Such variances in the estimation were considered reasonably possible during the years ended December 
31, 2018 and 2017.  The impacts described in the table below are independent of one another.  A 5% decrease to the loss 
ratio and a 5% decrease in claims settlement costs would have the opposite effect on comprehensive income (loss) and 
shareholders’ equity. 

December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 

December 31, 2018  December 31, 2017 

Impact on comprehensive income (loss), 
before tax 

Impact on shareholders’ equity 

(4,420) 
(2,940) 

(3,964) 
(3,484) 

(3,240) 
(2,235) 

(2,905) 
(2,786) 

Sensitivity factor 

5% increase to loss ratio 
5% increase to claims settlement costs 

ii) Life business of Trisura International 

The Company’s life reserves are held in respect of a book of deferred annuities with guaranteed annuity conversion options 
(“GAO”).  A significant risk factor in relation to these reserves is the proportion of policyholders who take up the GAO upon 
retirement. The following table shows the impact on reserves of a 100 basis point change in the GAO take-up rate. 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase in GAO take-up rate 

100 basis point decrease in GAO take-up rate 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Impact on comprehensive income (loss) from 
change in average reserve 

(1,251) 
938 

(1,117) 
1,135 

Unpaid claims and LAE are also sensitive to interest rates due to the time value of money.  The impact of the interest rate 
sensitivity on unpaid claims is shown in Note 12.4(b).  The structured insurance assets are sensitive to changes in lapse 
rates.  The impact of lapse rate sensitivity on the structured insurance assets is shown in Note 6. 

12.2 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk that a party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the Company to 
incur  a  financial  loss.    Credit  risk  arises  mainly  from  investments  in  bonds  and  short-term  securities,  the  structured 
insurance assets, and balances receivable from insurance brokers and reinsurers. 

For  debt  securities,  the  Company  manages  its  credit  risk  by  placing limits  on  its  exposure  to  a  single  counterparty,  by 
reference  to  the  credit  rating  of  the  counterparty  or,  where  a  rating  is  not  available  by  assigning  an  internal  rating 
equivalent based on market comparables for the counterparty or based on the collateral supporting the counterparty risk.  
Management  also  limits  its  aggregate  debt  securities  credit  risk  by  placing  limits  on  aggregate  values  of  securities  at 
different credit rating levels.  Management monitors credit quality of its debt securities on an on-going basis through its 
reviews the investment portfolio.  

For the structured insurance assets, the Company minimizes its credit exposure through transacting with investment grade 
counterparties.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

For Premiums receivable, the Company uses insurance brokers, managing general agents, and program administrators as 
intermediaries for the distribution of its product offerings and is therefore subject to the risk that these agents fail to remit 
the premiums they have collected on its behalf.  The Company primarily deals with agents with which it has entered into 
a contract that details, among other things, the agent’s responsibilities and payment obligations.  These agents are typically 
regulated and licensed by insurance regulators.  Further, the Company monitors accounts receivable and follows-up all 
past  due  amounts  to  ensure  satisfactory  collection  arrangements  are  in  place.    As  at  December  31,  2018,  $1,586  of 
premiums receivable was past due but not considered to be impaired (December 31, 2017 – $1,735). 

As at December 31, 2018, the Company has Miscellaneous assets that include amounts that are past due and are recorded 
net  of  an  allowance  for  impairment  of  $nil  (2017  –  $955)  based  on  management’s  estimate  given  the  age  and 
circumstances surrounding the past due amounts.  As at December 31, 2018, $136 of Miscellaneous assets was past due 
but not considered impaired (December 31, 2017 – $125). 

For recoverables from reinsurers, the Company applies its reinsurance risk management policy to manage the credit risk 
associated with these balances. The Company is ultimately at risk on the limits of coverage provided under its product 
offerings, regardless of whether it has ceded a portion of this exposure to reinsurers.  If a reinsurer is unwilling or unable 
to satisfy its obligations, the Company does not have the right to correspondingly reduce its claims payment obligations.  
The Company generally uses only licensed reinsurers that have a minimum A.M. Best credit rating of A-, and management 
monitors these ratings on a regular basis.  Furthermore, the Company’s reinsurance risk management policy places limits 
on the participation of individual reinsurers in the Company’s reinsurance arrangements.  These participations and limits 
are reviewed regularly. 

When the Company uses an unlicensed reinsurer, it is required to establish a custodial account secured under a reinsurance 
security agreement, post a letter of credit or provide other forms of security acceptable to the Company in an amount 
equal  to  at  least  115%  in  Canada,  or  102%  in  the  United  States,  of  the  unearned  premium,  unpaid  claims  and  LAE  on 
business ceded to it.   

For funds withheld by ceding companies, credit risk is monitored regularly by experienced staff.  Funds withheld by ceding 
companies relate to the Company’s reinsurance business and credit risk is mitigated by contractual rights to offset amounts 
receivable  against  claims  and  other  amounts  payable.    The  Company  periodically  obtains  letters  of  credit  from 
counterparties to collateralize some of these and potential future receivables.   

Derivative assets and other assets are carefully monitored with reference to the credit quality of the counter-party, and 
an impairment allowance is made if deemed appropriate.  

29 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

a) 

Maximum exposure to credit risk of the Company 

The  following  table  sets  out  the  Company’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  related  to  financial  instruments.    The 
maximum credit exposure is the carrying value of the asset net of any allowances for losses. 

As at 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Bonds 
     Government 
     Corporate 
Other loans 

Mortgage backed securities 

Asset backed securities 

Structured settlements 
Premiums receivable 
Accrued investment income 
Funds held by ceding companies 
Derivative assets 

Other assets 

95,212 

64,019 
150,249 
3,959 

- 

- 

12,300 
41,251 
1,991 
236 

- 
2,483 

371,700 

165,675 

48,054 
80,063 

- 
314 

36 

12,566 
20,552 
909 
374 
152 

961 

329,656 

b) 

Concentration of credit risk of the Company 

Concentrations of credit risk can arise from exposures to a single debtor, a group of related debtors or groups of debtors 
that have similar risk characteristics, for example the may operate in the same or similar industries.  The following table 
provides details of the fair value of fixed income securities by industry sector: 

As at 

Government 
Financial 
Industrials 

Telecom services 
Energy 
Automotive 

Consumer discretionary 
Retail 
Real estate 

Consumer staples 
Power and pipelines 

Utility 

Other 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 (1) 

64,019 
61,388 
22,038 
13,710 

11,436 
7,389 
7,049 

6,224 
5,369 
5,202 

4,734 
3,626 

6,043 

48,055 
34,561 
13,417 

- 
5,816 
5,999 

- 
5,624 
10,513 

- 
4,482 

- 

- 

(1)  Certain comparative figures from December 31, 2017 have been regrouped to align with current year presentation. 

218,227 

128,467 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.2 

Credit risk (continued) 

c) 

Asset quality 

The following table summarizes the credit ratings for fixed income securities and cash equivalents: 

As at 

Fixed income securities 
     AAA 
     AA 
     A 
     BBB 
     Below BBB 

Cash equivalents 
     R-1 (medium) 
     R-1 (low) 

12.3 

Liquidity risk 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

21,306 
51,388 
79,190 
55,763 
10,580 

218,227 

2,060 

- 

2,060 

220,287 

11,569 
32,062 
52,727 
30,425 
1,684 

128,467 

56,680 
25,858 

82,538 

211,005 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities 
that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset.  Liquidity risk may arise from a number of potential areas 
including, for example, duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. 

Generally, the Company’s financial liabilities are settled by delivering cash and it is able to rely on the cash flow generated 
from  its  operations  to  satisfy  its  liquidity  requirements,  which  are  primarily  operating  expenses  and  claims  and  loss 
adjustment payments. 

By their nature, the timing and quantum of claims and loss adjustment payments are subject to significant uncertainty and 
are estimated actuarially as set out in Note 2.5(d).  Although the Company has reinsurance treaties in place under which a 
portion of the claims payments may be recovered, including by way of set off against premiums payable to the reinsurers, 
such recoveries usually follow the making of payments and often delays of a number of months can occur.  Hence the 
Company must have access to sufficient liquid resources to fund gross amounts payable when required. 

To  manage  its  liquidity  requirements,  the  Company  maintains  a  minimum  balance  of  cash and  cash  equivalents  and  a 
highly rated, highly liquid investment portfolio.  The Company’s investment policy sets out minimum criteria for the credit 
quality  of  each  class  of  investment  held.    In  addition,  the  investment  policy  stipulates  average  duration  targets.    For 
common shares, preferred shares and income and investment trusts units limitations are placed on exposure to any one 
issuer.   

The Company also manages the liquidity risk associated with its assumed reinsurance liabilities through its asset liability 
matching processes. The long-tailed nature of much of the Company’s reinsurance business also reduces the likelihood of 
sudden or unexpected spikes in claim payment requirements.   

The Company periodically pledges assets under insurance and reinsurance trust arrangements which are therefore not 
readily available for general use by the Company (see Note 4.3).  

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.3 

Liquidity risk (continued) 

The following tables set out the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by contractual maturity. 

As at December 31, 2018 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Cash 
Investments 

Premiums receivable 

Other financial assets 

Reinsurers’ share of claims reserves 

Financial and insurance assets (1) 

2,060 

4,972 
39,773 

4,866 

18,763 

70,434 

- 

183,558 
1,478 

- 

20,093 

205,129 

- 

41,988 

- 

- 
3,192 

45,180 

As at December 31, 2017 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Cash 
Investments 

Premiums receivable 

Other financial assets 

Reinsurers’ share of claims reserves 

Financial and insurance assets (1) 

- 
15,623 
18,841 

2,567 

14,385 

51,416 

- 

95,280 
1,711 

53 

20,128 

117,172 

- 

29,778 

- 

- 
3,733 

33,511 

No specific 
maturity 

93,152 

52,356 

- 
160 

- 

Total 

95,212 

282,874 
41,251 

5,026 

42,048 

145,668 

466,411 

No specific 
maturity 

165,675 

49,960 

- 

- 

- 

215,635 

Total 

165,675 

190,641 
20,552 

2,620 

38,246 

417,734 

(1)  Deferred acquisition costs and reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums have been excluded as they are not subject to any 

liquidity risk. 

As at December 31, 2018 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years 

Over 5 
years 

No specific 
maturity 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Other financial liabilities 

Loans payable 
Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

37,181 

41,406 

13,830 

- 

92,417 

- 

- 

29,700 

113,187 

83,487 

43,021 

43,021 

10,337 

258,962 

As at December 31, 2017 

Up to 1 year 

1 to 5 years  Over 5 years 

Unpaid claims and LAE (2) 

Reinsurance premiums payable 

Other financial liabilities 

Loans payable 
Financial and insurance liabilities (3) 

48,205 
17,555 

12,240 

- 

78,000 

- 
883 

29,700 

123,469 

92,886 

31,470 

31,470 

10,230 

(2)  Undiscounted and excluding PfADs. 
(3)  Unearned premiums and unearned reinsurance commissions have been excluded as they are not subject to any liquidity risk. 

32 

- 

- 

10,337 

- 

No specific 
maturity 

3,558 

- 
6,672 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

163,689 

41,406 

24,167 

29,700 

Total 

176,119 
17,555 

19,795 

29,700 

243,169 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.4 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices.  Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risks such as equity price risk. 

a) 

Currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes 
in foreign exchange rates.  The Company has operations in the United States and Canada, as well as European exposure 
through its reinsurance operations and therefore has exposure to currency risk arising from fluctuations in exchange rates 
of the Canadian and Euro against the United States dollar.  The foreign currency positions of the Company are monitored 
quarterly  and  the  Company  uses  derivatives  throughout  the  year  to  manage  foreign  exchange  risks  where  a  material 
unmatched foreign exchange position exists.   

The  following  table  summarizes  the  net  currency  exposure  of  Trisura  Guarantee  categorized  by  major  currency.    The 
balances in the table below are presented in the foreign currency indicated:  

As at December 31, 

Fixed-income securities 
Common shares 
Preferred shares 
Cash 

Less: foreign – currency derivatives, notional amount 
Total net exposure 

2018 
12,671 
1,733 
382 
2,629 
17,415 
(16,819) 
596 

USD 

EUR 

2017 
- 
2,175 
- 
1,658 
3,833 
- 
3,833 

2018 
1,002 
- 
- 
- 
1,002 
(1,000) 
2 

2017 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

The following table summarizes the carrying value of total assets and total liabilities of Trisura International categorized 
by major currency.  All amounts below are converted to Canadian dollar equivalents.  The assets and liabilities below are 
translated at exchange rates at the reporting date and are stated before taking into account the effect of any forward 
currency exchange contracts:  

As at December 31, 2018 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 

As at December 31, 2017 (1) 

Total assets 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 

CDN 

813 

- 

813 

CDN 

375 
56 

319 

USD 

EUR 

Other 

Total 

31,089 
10,663 

20,426 

USD 

47,265 
21,554 

25,711 

67,460 
70,323 

(2,863) 

604 
155 

449 

99,966 
81,141 

18,825 

EUR 

Other 

Total 

63,824 
71,223 

 (7,399) 

532 
 (336) 

868 

111,996 
92,497 

19,499 

(1)  Comparative figures from December 31, 2017 have been changed to align with current year presentation. 

As  at  December  31,  2018,  Trisura  International’s  short  position  in  Euro  is  unhedged  and  management  considered  the 
foreign exchange risk to be acceptable.  As at December 31, 2017, the short position in Euro was hedged by a forward 
currency exchange contract. 

All assets and liabilities of Trisura Specialty are denominated in USD, and therefore has limited exposure to currency risk. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.4 

Market risk (continued) 

a) 

Currency risk (continued) 

As at December 31, 

Sensitivity factor 

USD investments supporting Trisura Guarantee 

Consolidated net assets of Trisura Specialty 
Consolidated net assets of Trisura International 

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017 

Impact on comprehensive income (loss) and shareholders’ equity 

10% increase in CDN versus USD (1) 

10% decrease in CDN versus USD (1) 

(54) 
(4,783) 

(1,711) 

(320) 
(4,054) 

(1,772) 

59 
5,262 

1,882 

352 
4,463 

1,951 

EUR net assets supporting Trisura International (in USD) 

10% increase in USD versus EUR (1) 
(183) 

191 

10% decrease in USD versus EUR (1) 
201 
(210) 

(1) After giving effect to forward contracts. 

b) 

Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is  the potential for financial loss resulting from changes in interest rates.   Fixed income investments, 
structured insurance assets and preferred shares are subject to interest rate risk although, in the case of  fixed income 
investments, to the extent they are held to maturity, the risk is limited to the reinvestment yield being different from the 
original yield to maturity.  The fair value of bonds, change inversely with changes in market rates of interest, with greater 
impact to bonds with longer durations.   

The  Company’s  discounted  unpaid  claims  balance  is  also  subject  to  interest  rate  risk,  in  particular  the  Company’s  life 
reserves which have longer durations. 

The Company manages its interest rate risk through its investment policy which considers duration of investments held as 
well as asset liability matching.  

As at December 31, 2018 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase parallel shift in the yield 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred 
shares) 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
income (loss)  

curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

(9,689) 

(543) 

(24,122) 

15,127 

100 basis point decrease parallel shift in the yield 

curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

9,658 

593 

31,835 

(22,796) 

As at December 31, 2017 

Sensitivity factor 
100 basis point increase parallel shift in the yield 

Fixed income 
(including 
preferred 
shares) 

Structured 
insurance asset 

Net unpaid 
claims 

Impact on 
comprehensive 
(loss) income 

curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

 (7,704) 

 (544) 

 (22,243) 

 14,826 

100 basis point decrease parallel shift in the yield 

curve, assuming all other variables remain constant 

8,804 

592 

29,175 

(20,668) 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

12.4 

Market risk (continued) 

c) 

Equity price risk 

Equity price risk is the uncertainty associated with the valuation of assets arising from changes in equity markets. 

The  Company’s  exposure  to  equity  price  risk  is  managed  and  mitigated  through  its  investment  policy  which  sets  out 
maximum  exposures  to  equities  at  aggregate  and  per  issuer  levels  as  well  as  requiring  diversification  across  different 
industry sectors. 

As at 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017  December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Sensitivity factor 
10% increase in equity prices 

(excluding preferred shares) 

10% decrease in equity prices 

(excluding preferred shares) 

Impact on comprehensive income (loss) (1) 

Impact on fair value of investment portfolio 

2,030 

(2,030) 

 2,544 

(2,544) 

2,705 

(2,705) 

3,410 

(3,410) 

(1) 

The methodology used to calculate the latter change is based on 10% of the fair value of the equities (excluding preferred shares 
and any funds which hold predominantly fixed income securities), net of tax, at the balance sheet dates. 

Note 13 – Reinsurance 

The Company uses reinsurance in the ordinary course of business to reduce its exposure to any one claim or event under 
the  policies  it  issues.    A  large  portion  of  this  reinsurance  is  affected  under  reinsurance  agreements  known  as  treaty 
reinsurance.  In some instances, it is negotiated on a facultative (one-off) basis for individual policies, generally when the 
exposures under these policies are not sufficiently mitigated by the treaty reinsurance.   

Reinsurance does not relieve the Company of its obligations to policyholders.  A contingent liability exists with respect to 
reinsurance  ceded  which  would  become  a  liability  of  the  Company  in  the  event  that  any  reinsurer  fails  to  honour  its 
obligations.  For this reason, the Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentration 
of credit risk to minimize its exposure to losses from reinsurer insolvencies.   All licensed reinsurers providing treaty or 
facultative reinsurance policies are required to have a minimum A.M. Best credit rating of A- at the inception of each policy.   

In some instances, provisions  are incorporated in the treaties to protect  the Company in the event a reinsurer’s credit 
rating deteriorates during the term of the reinsurance treaty. Unlicensed reinsurers must post an agreed upon level of 
collateral.   

The Company has determined that a provision is not required for potentially uncollectible reinsurance as at December 31, 
2018 and December 31, 2017. 

The following table summarizes the components of reinsurance assets as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 

Reinsurers’ share of claims liabilities (see Note 9.1) 
Reinsurers’ share of unearned premiums (see Note 8.2) 

2018 

42,048 
67,519 

109,567 

2017 

38,246 
27,008 

65,254 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 14 – Capital assets  

The Company’s capital assets consist of the following as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 2018 

Leasehold improvements 
Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

As at December 31, 2017 

Leasehold improvements 
Office equipment 
Furniture and fixtures 

Note 15 – Intangible assets  

Cost 

1,188 
1,460 
1,015 

3,663 

Cost 

1,196 
1,125 
929 

3,250 

Accumulated 
depreciation 

Carrying value 

(516) 
(1,100) 
(789) 

(2,405) 

672 
360 
226 

1,258 

Accumulated 
depreciation 

Carrying value 

 (502) 
 (938) 
 (725) 

 (2,165) 

694 
187 
204 

1,085 

Intangible assets consist of the computer software components of the Company’s policy management system, document 
management system and online portal.  They are being amortized at a rate of 40%, using the declining balance method. 

Intangible assets also include the acquisition of two customer lists which were each acquired for $800.  One was purchased 
in 2014 and another in 2017 each from other insurance companies.  Both lists are being amortized at a rate of 20% using 
the declining balance method. 

The final purchase price of the customer list purchased in 2017 is contingent on revenue generated from the list over the 
following two years, subject to a fixed price of $500.  The $800 of consideration paid included the $500 fixed price plus 
$300 of contingent consideration.  As at December 31, 2017 management’s estimate of the contingent consideration that 
will ultimately be required to be paid is $300. 

Opening, carrying value 
Additions 

Amortization 

Closing, carrying value 

December 31, 2018 

Computer 
software 
375 
135 

(178) 

332 

Customer list 
1,152 

- 
(230) 

922 

December 31, 2017 

Computer 
software 

Customer list 

389 
178 

(192) 

375 

481 
800 

(129) 

1,152 

Total 
1,527 
135 

(408) 

1,254 

Total 

870 
978 

(321) 

1,527 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 16 – Capital management 

The Company’s capital is its shareholders’ equity, which consists of common shares, preferred shares, contributed surplus, 
accumulated deficit and accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company reviews its capital structure on a regular 
basis to ensure an appropriate capital structure in keeping with all regulatory, business and shareholder obligations. 

Oversight of the capital of the Company rests with management and the board of directors.  Their objectives are twofold: 
(i) to ensure the Company is prudently capitalized relative to the amount and type of risks assumed and the requirements 
established by the laws and regulations applicable to the Company’s regulated subsidiaries; and (ii) to ensure shareholders 
receive an appropriate return on their investment. 

16.1 

Regulatory capital 

a) 

Trisura Guarantee 

Under guidelines established by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions which apply to Trisura Guarantee, 
Canadian  property  and  casualty  insurance  companies  must  maintain  minimum  levels  of  capital  as  determined  in 
accordance with a prescribed test, the minimum capital test (“MCT”), which expresses available capital (actual capital plus 
or minus specified adjustments) as a percentage of required capital.  Companies are expected to maintain MCT level of at 
least 150% and are further required to establish their own unique target MCT level based on the nature of their operations 
and the business they write.   Management, with the board of directors’ approval, has established  Trisura Guarantee’s 
target MCT level in accordance with these requirements.  Trisura Guarantee has exceeded this measure as at December 
31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 

b) 

Trisura International 

Trisura International is subject to externally imposed regulatory capital requirements in Barbados.  As at December 31, 
2018 and 2017, Trisura International, including its subsidiaries, maintained sufficient capital to meet these requirements.  

c) 

Trisura Specialty 

Trisura Specialty is subject to externally imposed regulatory capital requirements by the Oklahoma Insurance Department 
as a Domestic Surplus Line Insurer.  A requirement of the regulator is that Trisura Specialty’s Risk Based Capital ratio (“RBC”) 
exceed 150%. As at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Trisura Specialty exceeded this requirement. 

Note 17 – Loan payable 

On March 14, 2018, the Company entered into a five-year revolving credit facility with a Canadian Schedule I bank (the 
“Bank”) which allows for drawings of up to $35,000.  Under this arrangement, the Company can draw funds in the form of 
short term banker’s acceptances, Canadian prime rate advances, base rate advances or LIBOR rate advances.  The rate is 
based on the current periods’ bankers’ acceptance rate, Canadian prime rate, base rate, or LIBOR rate, plus a margin.  The 
loan  balance  is  accounted  for  at  amortized  cost,  which  is  equal  to  the  carrying  value.    The  minimum  required  annual 
payment consists only of interest, with no mandatory principal payments required. 

On March 14, 2018, $29,700 was drawn under the loan, which was used to repay the outstanding loan payable of $29,700 
which had been borrowed by a subsidiary of the Company under a previous lending facility.   

The previous credit arrangement, which was in place throughout 2017 and until March 14, 2018 was arranged by way of 
a five-year lending facility funded through short term banker’s acceptance or Canadian prime rate advances.  The rate was 
based  on  the  current period’s bankers’ acceptance  rate  or  Canadian prime  rate,  plus  a  margin.    The  loan balance  was 
accounted for at amortized cost, which is equal to the carrying value.  The minimum required annual payment consisted 
only of interest, with no mandatory principal payments required.  

As part of the covenants of the current and previous loan arrangements, the Company is required to maintain certain 
financial ratios, which were fully met as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred $970 of interest expense (December 31, 2017 – $1,009).  
As at December 31, 2018, the loan balance was $29,700 (December 31, 2017 – $29,700). 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 18 – Share capital 

The Company’s authorized share capital consists of: (i) an unlimited number of common shares; (ii) an unlimited number 
of non-voting shares; and (iii) an unlimited number of preference shares (issuable in series).   

The impact of the Reorganization Transaction on share capital was to increase common shares to $140,270.  The impact 
of  this  transaction  on  retained  earnings  was  to  reduce  retained  earnings  by  $31,631  being  the  difference  between 
consideration paid for Brookfield’s interest in 643 Can Ltd and the book value of 643 Can Ltd as at June 15, 2017. The 
impact of the reorganization on share capital was an adjustment to share capital of $(9,618) and an adjustment to retained 
earnings  of  $(90,891),  which  is  inclusive  of  the  reduction  in  retained  earnings  of  $31,631  described  above.    These 
adjustments  reflect  the  impact  of  moving  from  a  presentation  of  financial  statements  on  a  combined  basis,  to  a 
presentation of financial statements on a consolidated basis. 

On November 30, 2017, the Company exchanged the shares of 643 Can Ltd that were then owned by certain current and 
retired members of the management of Trisura Guarantee (“Management”) for newly issued common shares, and Class 
A, Series 1, preferred shares of TGL.  As a result of this transaction, the Company issued to management 963,143 common 
shares  from  treasury  and  64,000  preferred  shares.    The  impact  of  the  transaction  was  an  increase  to  share  capital  by 
$28,944  and  a  reduction  to  retained  earnings  by  $9,303.    The  minority  interests  were  reclassified  from  a  liability  to  a 
reduction in retained earnings. 

Consideration also included notes payable by the Company that were used by Management to repay shareholder loans 
owing to 643 Can Ltd which were outstanding at the time. 

Holders of the preferred shares are entitled to a cumulative dividend of 6%, payable quarterly, at a fixed rate of 6%.  The 
dividend  rate  will  be  reset  on  December  31,  2022  and  every  five  years  thereafter  at  a  rate  equal  to  the  five-year 
government of Canada bond yield plus 7.5%.  The Company has the right to redeem preferred shares at any time on 30 to 
60 days notice. 

On  December  11,  2017,  the  Company  held  a  special  meeting  of  shareholders  and  approved  a  one-for-ten  share 
consolidation of its common shares, followed immediately by a ten-to-one share split by way of a share distribution.  The 
impact of this transaction on share capital was to reduce shares outstanding by 154,815 shares, and a reduction to share 
capital of $4,031.  

The following tables show the common and preferred shares issued and outstanding: 

As at 

Balance, beginning of year 
Common shares issued 
Common shares redeemed 

Balance, end period 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

6,621,680 
- 
- 

6,621,680 

163,582 

- 
- 

163,582 

- 

6,776,495 
(154,815) 

6,621,680 

- 

167,613 
(4,031) 

163,582 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 18 – Share capital (continued) 

The following table shows the preferred shares issued and outstanding: 

As at 

Balance, beginning of year 
Preferred shares issued 

Balance, end of period 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

Number of 
shares 

Amount 
(in thousands) 

64,000 
- 

64,000 

1,600 
- 

1,600 

- 

64,000 

64,000 

- 

1,600 

1,600 

At December 31, 2018, the Company had declared and paid four quarterly dividends, each of $0.375 (in dollars) per 
share for each Class A, Series 1, preferred share.  

Note 19 – Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders for the 
reporting period by the weighted-average number of common shares. 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders for the reporting 
period by the weighted-average number of common shares after adjusting both amounts for the effects of all dilutive 
potential common shares, which consist of stock options. 

Net income attributable to shareholders 
Less: Dividends declared on preferred shares, net of tax 
Net income attributable to common shareholders 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares) 
EPS – basic (in dollars) 

Dilutive effect of the conversion of options on common shares (in shares) 
Diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in shares) 
EPS – diluted (in dollars) 

For the years ended 
December 31 

2018 

2017 (1) 

8,638 
(96) 
8,542 
6,621,680 
1.29 

2,218 
(8) 
2,210 
5,959,229 
0.37 

162,000 
6,718,133 
1.27 

87,000 
6,019,184 
0.37 

(1)  For the period from June 22, 2017 to December 31, 2017 following spin-off from Brookfield Asset Management Inc. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 20 – Investment Income 

The components of net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Bonds classified as loans and receivables 
Available-for-sale bonds 
Interest on executive share purchase plan 
Interest expense on notes payable 

Net interest income 

Available-for-sale income and investment trust units 
Available-for-sale common shares 
Available-for-sale preferred shares 

Business and dividend income 

Loss on investments held at FVTPL 
Commission income structured insurance assets 
Investment expenses 

Other investments (expense) income 

Available-for-sale income and investment trust units 
Available-for-sale bonds 
Available-for-sale common shares 
Available-for-sale preferred shares 

Gain on disposition of investments 

Impairment on investments 

Net investment income 

2018 

553 
118 
5,100 
- 
- 

5,771 

22 
1,267 
932 

2,221 

(237) 
1,874 
(643) 

994 

(45) 
244 
986 
611 

1,796 

(325) 

10,457 

2017 

689 
- 

3,236 
56 
(9) 

3,972 

165 
941 
707 

1,813 

(2,039) 
2,379 
(577) 

(237) 

- 

80 
24 
80 

184 

(321) 

5,411 

On November 20, 2018, the Company derecognized financial assets with a face value of $2,762 as the rights to receive 
cash flows and risks and rewards of ownership to the assets have been transferred.  The carrying value of the asset was 
measured at $2,785, resulting in a realized loss of $21.  As at December 31, 2018, the Company’s continuing interest in the 
financial asset is measured at carrying value of $3,960. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 21 – Lease commitments 

The Company occupies office facilities under leases that expire on or before May 31, 2026.  The minimum annual rental 
commitments under these operating leases, excluding any renewal periods, operating expenses and applicable taxes, are 
as follows: 

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
Thereafter 

December 31, 2018 

1,320 
1,233 
793 
485 
466 
821 

5,118 

Note 22 – Benefits 

22.1 

Group retirement savings plan 

The Company has established and contributes to a number of group retirement savings plan arrangements under which 
the Company makes contributions.  Contributions are charged to operating expense and are recognized as incurred. 

Note 23 – Related party transactions 

Prior to the Spin-off on June 22, 2017 the Company was a subsidiary of Brookfield, which was the ultimate controlling party 
of the Company as well as TIHL and 643 Can Ltd (see Note 1).     

The Company and its subsidiaries had entered into outsourcing arrangements with Brookfield and its affiliated companies 
with  respect  to  the  provision of  information  technology,  internal  audit,  and  investment  management  services  and  the 
services of a Brookfield employee who was temporarily the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.  As at December 31, 
2018 these outsourcing arrangements had all been terminated. 

The Company leases office space from, and subleases office space to, subsidiaries of Brookfield.  The Company occasionally 
issues  surety  bonds  and  insurance  policies  to  subsidiaries  of  Brookfield,  earns  interest  income  from  deposits  with 
companies which are subsidiaries of Brookfield.  The Company also invests in publicly traded securities of companies which 
are subsidiaries of Brookfield, and invests in publicly traded funds managed by Brookfield subsidiaries. These transactions 
are conducted in the normal course of business and are measured at the amount of consideration paid or established and 
agreed between the parties.   

A  subsidiary  of  the  Company  entered  into  a  tax  transfer  arrangement  with  Brookfield  in  2017,  as  permitted  under 
applicable income tax legislation.  During 2017, it made a payment during the first quarter to Brookfield for taxes paid 
related to 2016 of $3,543.  During the first quarter of 2017, a subsidiary received a fee of $580 plus HST from Brookfield 
for services incurred in 2017, which was recorded in Operating expenses. 

During the year ended December 31, 2018, $nil of interest income was earned related to the shareholder loans (December 
31, 2017 – $6).   

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 23 – Related party transactions (continued) 

(The following table shows the impact of transactions with related parties: 

Income and expenses reported in: 
     Total underwriting revenue 
     Operating expenses 
Net investment income 
     Income from dividends and interests 
     Investment management fee 
Assets and liabilities reported in: 
     Investment in Brookfield securities 
     Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 (1) 

2,045 
(510) 

231 
(216) 

6,311 
- 

2,023 
(1,641) 

276 

(458) 

- 
42 

(1)  Certain comparative figures from December 31, 2017 have been regrouped to align with current year presentation. 

23.1 

Key management personnel 

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  the  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and 
controlling  the  activities  of  the  Company,  directly  or  indirectly,  including  any  executive  officers  or  directors  of  the 
Company. 

The following transactions were carried out with key management personnel during the years ended December 31, 2018 
and 2017:  

Salaries and other employee benefits 
Share-based payments 

Note 24 – Executive share purchase plan receivable  

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

2,369 
756 

2,420 
229 

The Company administered two executive share purchase plans that were established in 2006 and 2012 (the “2006 Plan” 
and the “2012 Plan”, respectively).  Under the 2006 Plan, employees of Trisura Guarantee could purchase common shares 
of 643 Can Ltd in return for notes payable, which bore interest at the prime rate of 643 Can Ltd’s primary lending institution 
plus 1%.  The loans did not have to be repaid, nor did interest have to be paid, until such time as the shares are sold or 
redeemed.  Under the 2012 Plan, employees could purchase shares in return for notes payable, which they were required 
to repay through semi-monthly payroll deductions, as well as 50% of their after-tax annual bonus, if any.  The loans bore 
interest at a rate equal to the prime rate of 643 Can Ltd’s primary lending institution plus 1%.   

On November 30, 2017, these loans were settled by way of consideration paid by the Company in exchange for the shares 
of 643 Can Ltd owned by management (see Note 18). 

Note 25 – Minority interests in subsidiary 

Under the terms of a unanimous shareholder agreement between the shareholders of 643 Can Ltd, the common shares 
owned by Management had a puttable feature which resulted in their being classified as financial liabilities in accordance 
with IAS 32, Financial Instrument: Presentation.  These liabilities were measured at fair value, being the put value ascribed 
to the shares under the unanimous shareholder agreement.  Assumptions have been made by management regarding the 
put value, as the unanimous shareholder agreement had various clauses under which different values can be ascribed to 
the shares.   

On November 30, 2017, the shares of 643 Can Ltd, owned by Management, were exchanged with the Company for newly 
issued shares of the Company (see Note 18), this liability ceased to exist at that time.  

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 26 – Investment in subsidiary 

On June 19, 2018, 643 Can Ltd, an intermediary holding company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed 
a voluntary dissolution.  The assets and liabilities of the subsidiary were transferred to the Company, including the shares 
of its wholly-owned subsidiary Trisura Guarantee.  This dissolution had no impact on the Consolidated financial position 
and results of operations of the Company. 

Note 27 – Segmented information 

The Company has three reportable segments.  The operations of Trisura Guarantee are one reportable segment which 
comprises  surety  solutions,  risk  solutions  and  corporate  insurance  solutions  products  underwritten  in  Canada.    The 
operations  of  TIHL,  referred  to  below  as  Trisura  International,  is  a  second  reportable  segment  which  comprises  the 
Company’s international reinsurance operations.  The operations of Trisura Specialty is a third operating segment, which 
provides specialty insurance solutions underwritten in the United States.  The operations of Trisura Guarantee included 
the operations of its intermediary holding company, 643 Can Ltd, until June 19, 2018.   

The following table shows the results for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

December 31, 2018 

Trisura Guarantee 

Trisura 
International 

Trisura 
Specialty 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 

Net claims 

Net expenses 

Total claims and expenses 

Net underwriting income (loss) 
Investment income 
Foreign exchange losses 

Interest expense 

Net income (loss) before tax 

December 31, 2017 

Net premiums earned 

Fee income 

Total underwriting revenue 

Net claims 

Net expenses 

Total claims and expenses 

Net underwriting income (loss) 
Investment income 
Foreign exchange loss 

Interest expense 

Change in minority interests 

Net income (loss) before tax 

87,852 

3,812 

91,664 

(19,001) 

(60,677) 

(79,678) 

11,986 
6,629 
(66) 

(185) 

18,364 

83 

- 

83 

147 

(2,346) 

(2,199) 

(2,116) 
2,399 
(473) 

- 
(190) 

874 

912 

1,786 

(548) 

(4,277) 

(4,825) 

(3,039) 
1,402 

- 

- 

(1,637) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(2,545) 

(2,545) 

(2,545) 
27 
(173) 

(785) 

(3,476) 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 
643 Can Ltd) 

Trisura 
International 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

79,271 

3,400 

82,671 

(19,013) 

(54,818) 

(73,831) 

8,840 
3,931 

- 

 (1,009) 

 (5,156) 

6,606 

162 

- 

162 

1,360 

(2,181) 

(821) 

(659) 
1,205 
(6) 

- 

- 

540 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(4,625) 

(4,625) 

(4,625) 
275 
(29) 

- 

- 

(4,379) 

Total 

88,809 

4,724 

93,533 

(19,402) 

(69,845) 

(89,247) 

4,286 
10,457 
(712) 

(970) 

13,061 

Total 

79,433 

3,400 

82,833 

(17,653) 

(61,624) 

(79,277) 

3,556 
5,411 
(35) 

(1,009) 

(5,156) 

2,767 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 27 – Segmented information (continued) 

The following table shows Loan payable of $29,700 included with the liabilities in Corporate and consolidation adjustments 
at December 31, 2018 and in liabilities of Trisura Guarantee (inclusive of 643 Can Ltd) at December 31, 2017. 

As at December 31, 2018 
Assets 
Liabilities 

Trisura Guarantee 

349,356 
274,770 

Trisura 
International 

110,423 
81,703 

Trisura 
Specialty 

150,966 
84,421 

As at December 31, 2017 
Assets 
Liabilities 

Trisura Guarantee 
(inclusive of 643 
Can Ltd) 

317,124 
273,679 

Trisura 
International 

119,208 
92,658 

Trisura 
Specialty 

56,888 
426 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

(9,763) 
30,136 

Corporate and 
consolidation 
adjustments 

(4,860) 
95 

Total 

600,982 
471,030 

Total 

488,360 
366,858 

Note 28 – Income taxes 

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following: 

Statement of financial position 

Statement of comprehensive 
income (loss) 

December 31, 
2018 

December 31, 
2017 

December 
31, 2018 

December 31, 
2017 

Deferred taxes related to: 
     Loss carry-forwards and other 
     Unpaid claims and LAE 

     Capital, intangible and other assets 

Less deferred taxes related to: 
     Investments – unrealized gains/losses 
     Capital, intangible and other assets 

Deferred income taxes 

Reported in: 
     Deferred tax assets 

     Income tax recovery reported to net income (loss) 

     Income tax expense reported to other 

comprehensive loss 

181 
705 

39 

925 

(99) 

- 

(99) 

826 

826 

- 

- 

164 
703 

- 

867 

(109) 
(18) 

(127) 

740 

740 

- 

- 

(4) 

- 
(39) 

(43) 

(10) 
(18) 

(28) 

(71) 

- 
733 

(804) 

(8) 
(131) 

- 

(139) 

18 
(7) 

11 

(128) 

- 
(142) 

14 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 28 – Income taxes (continued) 

A deferred income tax asset is recognized only to the extent that realization of the related income tax benefit through 
future taxable profits is probable.  Management has assessed the recoverability of the deferred income tax asset carrying 
values based on future years’ taxable income projections and believes the carrying values of the deferred income tax assets 
as at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are recoverable. 

The following shows the major components of income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Current tax expense: 
     Current year 
     Prior year true up 

Deferred tax expense: 
     Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Income tax expense 

Income taxes recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income: 
Net changes in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments 
Reclassification to net income (loss) of net losses on available-for-sale investments 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Total income tax expense recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income 

3,773 
(83) 

3,690 

733 

4,423 

(2,247) 
484 
(804) 

(2,567) 

3,210 
42 

3,252 

(143) 

3,109 

291 
17 
14 

322 

The following is a reconciliation of income taxes calculated at the statutory income tax rate to the income tax provision 
included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017: 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Income (loss) before income taxes 
Statutory income tax rate 

Variations due to: 
     Permanent differences 
     International operations subject to different tax rates 
     Unrecognized tax loss 
Rate differentials: 
     Current rate versus future rate 
     Change in future rate 

True up 

Income tax expense 

13,061 
26.5% 

3,461 

(286) 
215 
1,117 

(1) 

- 
(83) 

4,423 

2,749 
26.5% 

728 

1,051 
74 
1,226 

(1) 
(11) 

42 

3,109 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

Note 29 – Share-based compensation 

29.1 

Equity-settled stock options 

The Company currently administers a stock option plan.  Under the stock option plan, the  exercise price of each stock 
option will be established at the time that the option is granted.  It is expected that the vesting period will normally be 
20% per year over five years and the expiry date of stock options granted  will not exceed ten years, however in some 
instances the vesting period may differ. 

The following is a continuity schedule of stock options outstanding as at December 31, 2018: 

December 31, 2018 

December 31, 2017 

Number of 
options 

Weighted average 
exercise price (in dollars) 

Number of 
options 

Weighted average 
exercise price (in dollars) 

Outstanding, beginning of year 

Granted during the year 

Outstanding, end of year 

87,000 

75,000 

162,000 

24.36 

25.66 

24.96 

- 

87,000 

87,000 

- 
24.36 

24.96 

As at December 31, 2018, the outstanding stock options consist of the following: 

Exercise price per share (in dollars) 

25.66 
24.36 

Number of options 
outstanding 

Average remaining 
contractual life (in years) 

Number of options 
exercisable 

75,000 
87,000 

9.88 
8.64 

- 

17,400 

As at December 31, 2018, 17,400 equity-based stock options were vested.  The Company recorded $313 (December 31, 
2017 – $89) in share reserve related to the options in the contributed surplus balance of the consolidated statements of 
financial position.    The  fair  value  of  the  options  issued  in  2018  was  determined  using the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing 
model.  Volatility estimate was 16.57% and was based on the historical volatility of the Company.  The Bank of Canada risk-
free rate of 2.32% was used and the weighted average fair value per stock option at the measurement date was $6.79 (in 
dollars). 

29.2 

Cash-settled stock options 

As at December 31, 2018, 120,465 options were issued to officers of the Company by the board of directors as part of a 
cash-settled share-based payment plan (December 31, 2017 – 60,000), with a vesting period of 20% per year over five 
years, and an expiration date of ten years.  As at December 31, 2018, 12,000 options had been vested (December 31, 2017 
- $nil).  For  the year ended December 31, 2018, the  Company recorded  $291 (December 31, 2017 – $130) of  expense 
related to the options, in Operating expenses.  The fair value of the options issued were determined using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model.  Volatility was estimate based on the historical volatility of the Company.  The weighted average fair 
value per share option at December 31, 2018 was $6.08 (December 31, 2017 – $9.51) (in dollars). 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRISURA GROUP LTD.  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(in thousands of Canadian dollars, except as otherwise noted, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017)

29.3 

Equity-settled DSUs 

DSUs are awarded to certain directors of the Company at the market value of the Company’s common shares at the grant 
date.  These DSUs are awarded in lieu of directors fees at the option of the Directors.  Each DSU entitles the holder to 
receive an amount equivalent to the value of a common share at settlement.  As at December 31, 2018, 11,261 (December 
31, 2017 – 2,102) DSUs were awarded to directors who are not employees of the Company or one of its affiliates.   

The following table shows the movement in the number of DSUs issued during the year: 

For the years ended December 31, 

2018 (in units) 

2017 (in units) 

Opening balance 

Granted during the year 

Ending balance 

2,102 

9,159 

11,261 

- 
2,102 

2,102 

As at December 31, 2018, no units had been exercised and $294 (December 31, 2017 – $55) had been recorded as liabilities 
(see Note 11).  The liability was measured based on the fair value of the common shares of the Company at December 31, 
2018.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded $240 (December 31, 2017 – $55) of expense related 
to the DSUs in Operating expenses. 

47